Page MenuHomePhorge

No OneTemporary

This file is larger than 256 KB, so syntax highlighting was skipped.
diff --git a/bench/basic_html_bench.exs b/bench/basic_html_bench.exs
deleted file mode 100644
index 64434e7..0000000
--- a/bench/basic_html_bench.exs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-defmodule BasicHtmlBench do
- use Benchfella
-
- bench "decode" do
- {html, _} = bench_context
- :fast_html.decode(html)
- end
-
- bench "decode w/ html_atoms" do
- {html, _} = bench_context
- :fast_html.decode(html, format: [:html_atoms])
- end
-
- bench "decode w/ nil_self_closing" do
- {html, _} = bench_context
- :fast_html.decode(html, format: [:nil_self_closing])
- end
-
- bench "decode w/ html_atoms, nil_self_closing" do
- {html, _} = bench_context
- :fast_html.decode(html, format: [:html_atoms, :nil_self_closing])
- end
-end
diff --git a/bench/cnode/file_sizes_bench.exs b/bench/cnode/file_sizes_bench.exs
deleted file mode 100644
index 44c9bbf..0000000
--- a/bench/cnode/file_sizes_bench.exs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-defmodule CnodeFileSizesBench do
- use Benchfella
-
- setup_all do
- Nodex.Distributed.up
- {:ok, _pid} = Nodex.Cnode.start_link(%{exec_path: "priv/myhtml_worker"}, name: Myhtmlex.Safe.Cnode)
- contents = {
- File.read!("bench/github_trending_js.html"),
- File.read!("bench/w3c_html5.html"),
- File.read!("bench/wikipedia_hyperlink.html")
- }
- {:ok, contents}
- end
-
- bench "github_trending_js.html 341k" do
- {ref, _, _} = bench_context
- :fast_html.decode(ref)
- end
-
- bench "w3c_html5.html 131k" do
- {_, ref, _} = bench_context
- :fast_html.decode(ref)
- end
-
- bench "wikipedia_hyperlink.html 97k" do
- {_, _, ref} = bench_context
- :fast_html.decode(ref)
- end
-
-end
-
diff --git a/bench/github_trending_js.html b/bench/github_trending_js.html
deleted file mode 100644
index ebd5814..0000000
--- a/bench/github_trending_js.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3524 +0,0 @@
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html lang="en">
- <head>
- <meta charset="utf-8">
-
-<meta content="origin-when-cross-origin" name="referrer" />
-
- <link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://assets-cdn.github.com/assets/frameworks-5b61aadc846f0818981ceec31b49c475fb084c163fdec5efbc2c21ef539092a9.css" integrity="sha256-W2Gq3IRvCBiYHO7DG0nEdfsITBY/3sXvvCwh71OQkqk=" media="all" rel="stylesheet" />
- <link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://assets-cdn.github.com/assets/github-edd1eeaa0fd98316fccfadf3f2ed823413547513e0bc7c05a9f990821f8f8a3c.css" integrity="sha256-7dHuqg/Zgxb8z63z8u2CNBNUdRPgvHwFqfmQgh+Pijw=" media="all" rel="stylesheet" />
-
-
-
-
-
- <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
-
- <title>Trending JavaScript repositories on GitHub today</title>
- <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub">
- <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub">
- <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528">
-
- <meta property="og:url" content="https://github.com">
- <meta property="og:site_name" content="GitHub">
- <meta property="og:title" content="Build software better, together">
- <meta property="og:description" content="GitHub is where people build software. More than 21 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over 56 million projects.">
- <meta property="og:image" content="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/modules/open_graph/github-logo.png">
- <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png">
- <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200">
- <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200">
- <meta property="og:image" content="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/modules/open_graph/github-mark.png">
- <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png">
- <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200">
- <meta property="og:image:height" content="620">
- <meta property="og:image" content="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/modules/open_graph/github-octocat.png">
- <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png">
- <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200">
- <meta property="og:image:height" content="620">
-
-
- <link rel="assets" href="https://assets-cdn.github.com/">
- <link rel="web-socket" href="wss://live.github.com/_sockets/VjI6MTEwNDM2NDE3OmQ2ZWU4NDA3ODg5NzRhZWE0ZmFjZTE3ZGVhMjVkOGIxZjE2OTFkNjViMWEyMjgxZjJiZTdhZmY4Zjc3YTJjY2Y=--fd3c3e189ebea18b7093ba6c98c953d127617ade">
- <meta name="pjax-timeout" content="1000">
- <link rel="sudo-modal" href="/sessions/sudo_modal">
- <meta name="request-id" content="E7A6:4F36:AC33AE:105B174:58E67E6D" data-pjax-transient>
-
-
- <meta name="selected-link" value="trending_repositories" data-pjax-transient>
-
- <meta name="google-site-verification" content="KT5gs8h0wvaagLKAVWq8bbeNwnZZK1r1XQysX3xurLU">
-<meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZzhVyEFwb7w3e0-uOTltm8Jsck2F5StVihD0exw2fsA">
- <meta name="google-analytics" content="UA-3769691-2">
-
-<meta content="collector.githubapp.com" name="octolytics-host" /><meta content="github" name="octolytics-app-id" /><meta content="https://collector.githubapp.com/github-external/browser_event" name="octolytics-event-url" /><meta content="E7A6:4F36:AC33AE:105B174:58E67E6D" name="octolytics-dimension-request_id" /><meta content="1634632" name="octolytics-actor-id" /><meta content="mischov" name="octolytics-actor-login" /><meta content="1e92a66db841634b0e558ca594459ae07101d64ca1902647db0af5beef7a57cd" name="octolytics-actor-hash" />
-
-
-
-
-
- <meta class="js-ga-set" name="dimension1" content="Logged In">
-
-
-
-
- <meta name="hostname" content="github.com">
- <meta name="user-login" content="mischov">
-
- <meta name="expected-hostname" content="github.com">
- <meta name="js-proxy-site-detection-payload" content="MTIzN2U0M2Y0ZWRjM2Q1YjdiNTQwYTYyYjk0MGMyMThlOTQ3MGZkMWY1OTgxMjljNTU0OTljMWEyYjc1ZmQyNnx7InJlbW90ZV9hZGRyZXNzIjoiNjYuNjkuMTEzLjIzMyIsInJlcXVlc3RfaWQiOiJFN0E2OjRGMzY6QUMzM0FFOjEwNUIxNzQ6NThFNjdFNkQiLCJ0aW1lc3RhbXAiOjE0OTE1MDA2NTQsImhvc3QiOiJnaXRodWIuY29tIn0=">
-
-
- <meta name="html-safe-nonce" content="18a429b2274ed42a12c95d6a74b67e05b94788fe">
-
- <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="f4cef61c9245a6db3023ff9748a373d9">
-
-
- <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
- <link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://assets-cdn.github.com/assets/site-f4fa6ace91e5f0fabb47e8405e5ecf6a9815949cd3958338f6578e626cd443d7.css" integrity="sha256-9PpqzpHl8Pq7R+hAXl7PapgVlJzTlYM49leOYmzUQ9c=" media="all" rel="stylesheet" />
-
-
- <link rel="canonical" href="https://github.com/trending/javascript" data-pjax-transient>
-
-
- <meta name="browser-stats-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/stats">
-
- <meta name="browser-errors-url" content="https://api.github.com/_private/browser/errors">
-
- <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://assets-cdn.github.com/pinned-octocat.svg" color="#000000">
- <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://assets-cdn.github.com/favicon.ico">
-
-<meta name="theme-color" content="#1e2327">
-
-
- <meta name="u2f-support" content="true">
-
- </head>
-
- <body class="logged-in env-production">
-
-
-
- <div class="position-relative js-header-wrapper ">
- <a href="#start-of-content" tabindex="1" class="accessibility-aid js-skip-to-content">Skip to content</a>
- <div id="js-pjax-loader-bar" class="pjax-loader-bar"><div class="progress"></div></div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <header class="site-header js-details-container Details" role="banner">
- <div class="container-responsive">
- <a class="header-logo-invertocat" href="https://github.com/" aria-label="Homepage" data-ga-click="(Logged out) Header, go to homepage, icon:logo-wordmark">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-mark-github" height="32" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 0C3.58 0 0 3.58 0 8c0 3.54 2.29 6.53 5.47 7.59.4.07.55-.17.55-.38 0-.19-.01-.82-.01-1.49-2.01.37-2.53-.49-2.69-.94-.09-.23-.48-.94-.82-1.13-.28-.15-.68-.52-.01-.53.63-.01 1.08.58 1.23.82.72 1.21 1.87.87 2.33.66.07-.52.28-.87.51-1.07-1.78-.2-3.64-.89-3.64-3.95 0-.87.31-1.59.82-2.15-.08-.2-.36-1.02.08-2.12 0 0 .67-.21 2.2.82.64-.18 1.32-.27 2-.27.68 0 1.36.09 2 .27 1.53-1.04 2.2-.82 2.2-.82.44 1.1.16 1.92.08 2.12.51.56.82 1.27.82 2.15 0 3.07-1.87 3.75-3.65 3.95.29.25.54.73.54 1.48 0 1.07-.01 1.93-.01 2.2 0 .21.15.46.55.38A8.013 8.013 0 0 0 16 8c0-4.42-3.58-8-8-8z"/></svg>
- </a>
-
- <button class="btn-link float-right site-header-toggle js-details-target" type="button" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-three-bars" height="24" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.41 9H.59C0 9 0 8.59 0 8c0-.59 0-1 .59-1H11.4c.59 0 .59.41.59 1 0 .59 0 1-.59 1h.01zm0-4H.59C0 5 0 4.59 0 4c0-.59 0-1 .59-1H11.4c.59 0 .59.41.59 1 0 .59 0 1-.59 1h.01zM.59 11H11.4c.59 0 .59.41.59 1 0 .59 0 1-.59 1H.59C0 13 0 12.59 0 12c0-.59 0-1 .59-1z"/></svg>
- </button>
-
- <div class="site-header-menu">
- <nav class="site-header-nav">
- <a href="/features" class="js-selected-navigation-item nav-item" data-ga-click="Header, click, Nav menu - item:features" data-selected-links="/features /features">
- Features
-</a> <a href="/business" class="js-selected-navigation-item nav-item" data-ga-click="Header, click, Nav menu - item:business" data-selected-links="/business /business/security /business/customers /business">
- Business
-</a> <a href="/explore" class="js-selected-navigation-item nav-item" data-ga-click="Header, click, Nav menu - item:explore" data-selected-links="/explore /trending /trending/developers /integrations /integrations/feature/code /integrations/feature/collaborate /integrations/feature/ship /showcases /explore">
- Explore
-</a> <a href="/pricing" class="js-selected-navigation-item nav-item" data-ga-click="Header, click, Nav menu - item:pricing" data-selected-links="/pricing /pricing">
- Pricing
-</a> </nav>
-
- <div class="site-header-actions">
- <div class="header-search js-site-search" role="search">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/search" class="js-site-search-form" data-unscoped-search-url="/search" method="get"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /></div>
- <label class="form-control header-search-wrapper js-chromeless-input-container">
- <a href="/trending" class="header-search-scope no-underline">/trending</a>
- <input type="text"
- class="form-control header-search-input js-site-search-focus "
- data-hotkey="s"
- name="q"
- value=""
- placeholder="Search GitHub"
- aria-label="Search GitHub"
- data-unscoped-placeholder="Search GitHub"
- data-scoped-placeholder="Search"
- autocapitalize="off">
- <input type="hidden" class="js-site-search-type-field" name="type" >
- </label>
-</form></div>
-
-
- <a class="text-bold site-header-link" href="https://github.com/" data-ga-click="(Logged in) Header, clicked Your dashboard, text:your dashboard"><img alt="@mischov" class="avatar mr-2 v-align-text-bottom" height="17" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1634632?v=3&amp;s=34" width="17" />Your dashboard</a>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
-</header>
-
-
-
-
-
- </div>
-
- <div id="start-of-content" class="accessibility-aid"></div>
-
- <div id="js-flash-container">
-</div>
-
-
-
- <div role="main">
-
-<div class="pagehead explore-head">
- <div class="container">
- <nav class="underline-nav float-right" role="navigation" data-pjax>
- <a href="/showcases" class="js-selected-navigation-item underline-nav-item" data-selected-links="showcases showcases_search showcases_landing /showcases">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-megaphone" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10 1c-.17 0-.36.05-.52.14C8.04 2.02 4.5 4.58 3 5c-1.38 0-3 .67-3 2.5S1.63 10 3 10c.3.08.64.23 1 .41V15h2v-3.45c1.34.86 2.69 1.83 3.48 2.31.16.09.34.14.52.14.52 0 1-.42 1-1V2c0-.58-.48-1-1-1zm0 12c-.38-.23-.89-.58-1.5-1-.16-.11-.33-.22-.5-.34V3.31c.16-.11.31-.2.47-.31.61-.41 1.16-.77 1.53-1v11zm2-6h4v1h-4V7zm0 2l4 2v1l-4-2V9zm4-6v1l-4 2V5l4-2z"/></svg> Showcases
-</a> <a href="/integrations" class="js-selected-navigation-item underline-nav-item" data-selected-links="/integrations /integrations/feature/code /integrations/feature/collaborate /integrations/feature/ship /integrations">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-hubot" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3 6c-.55 0-1 .45-1 1v2c0 .55.45 1 1 1h8c.55 0 1-.45 1-1V7c0-.55-.45-1-1-1H3zm8 1.75L9.75 9h-1.5L7 7.75 5.75 9h-1.5L3 7.75V7h.75L5 8.25 6.25 7h1.5L9 8.25 10.25 7H11v.75zM5 11h4v1H5v-1zm2-9C3.14 2 0 4.91 0 8.5V13c0 .55.45 1 1 1h12c.55 0 1-.45 1-1V8.5C14 4.91 10.86 2 7 2zm6 11H1V8.5c0-3.09 2.64-5.59 6-5.59s6 2.5 6 5.59V13z"/></svg> Integrations
-</a> <a href="/trending" class="js-selected-navigation-item selected underline-nav-item" data-selected-links="trending_developers trending_repositories /trending">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-flame" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.05.31c.81 2.17.41 3.38-.52 4.31C3.55 5.67 1.98 6.45.9 7.98c-1.45 2.05-1.7 6.53 3.53 7.7-2.2-1.16-2.67-4.52-.3-6.61-.61 2.03.53 3.33 1.94 2.86 1.39-.47 2.3.53 2.27 1.67-.02.78-.31 1.44-1.13 1.81 3.42-.59 4.78-3.42 4.78-5.56 0-2.84-2.53-3.22-1.25-5.61-1.52.13-2.03 1.13-1.89 2.75.09 1.08-1.02 1.8-1.86 1.33-.67-.41-.66-1.19-.06-1.78C8.18 5.31 8.68 2.45 5.05.32L5.03.3l.02.01z"/></svg> Trending
-</a></nav>
-
- <h1>
- <a class="pagehead-heading" href="/explore">
- Explore GitHub
- </a>
- </h1>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-
-<div class="explore-pjax-container container explore-page">
- <div class="explore-marketing-header ">
- <h2>Trending in open source</h2>
- <p class="lead mb-3">See what the GitHub community is most excited about today.</p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="columns">
- <div class="column three-fourths">
- <div class="tabnav">
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="select-menu js-menu-container js-select-menu float-right select-menu-modal-right">
- <button class="btn btn-sm select-menu-button js-menu-target" type="button" aria-haspopup="true">
- <i>Trending:</i>
- <span class="js-select-button">today</span>
- </button>
- <div class="select-menu-modal-holder js-menu-content js-navigation-container">
- <div class="select-menu-modal">
- <div class="select-menu-header">
- <svg aria-label="Close" class="octicon octicon-x js-menu-close" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.48 8l3.75 3.75-1.48 1.48L6 9.48l-3.75 3.75-1.48-1.48L4.52 8 .77 4.25l1.48-1.48L6 6.52l3.75-3.75 1.48 1.48z"/></svg>
- <span class="select-menu-title">Adjust time span</span>
- </div>
-
- <div class="select-menu-list" role="menu">
- <div>
- <a class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item selected" href="https://github.com/trending/javascript?since=daily" data-pjax>
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class="select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text">today</span>
- </a>
- <a class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " href="https://github.com/trending/javascript?since=weekly" data-pjax>
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class="select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text">this week</span>
- </a>
- <a class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " href="https://github.com/trending/javascript?since=monthly" data-pjax>
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class="select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text">this month</span>
- </a>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
- </div>
- <nav class="tabnav-tabs" data-pjax>
- <a href="https://github.com/trending/javascript" class="js-selected-navigation-item selected tabnav-tab" data-selected-links="trending_repositories https://github.com/trending/javascript">Repositories</a>
- <a href="https://github.com/trending/developers/javascript" class="js-selected-navigation-item tabnav-tab" data-selected-links="trending_developers https://github.com/trending/developers/javascript">Developers</a>
-</nav>
-
- </div>
- <div class="explore-content">
- <ol class="repo-list">
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-freeCodeCamp">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp">
- <span class="text-normal">freeCodeCamp / </span>freeCodeCamp
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="MQIN5HQHZMIIrtmcB9dT5mhJeqS5cBmxBXM7sQGcbsiTI07B+U2kDpy7Ji9fnhx+3zLoqknJPgy2O5cmxyrSCA==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="6dOj0+0QTAN+fJHOUmAOevg8nbya33mgBnGXtg0VCQH2Eie8RNxtJi23PZuGP6tuab14ExTFblT3JP38WlK2Cw==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- The <a href="https://freeCodeCamp.com">https://freeCodeCamp.com</a> open source codebase and curriculum. Learn to code and help nonprofits.
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 253,904
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 10,642
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@QuincyLarson" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/985197?v=3&amp;s=40" title="QuincyLarson" width="20" />
- <img alt="@BerkeleyTrue" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6775919?v=3&amp;s=40" title="BerkeleyTrue" width="20" />
- <img alt="@sahat" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/544954?v=3&amp;s=40" title="sahat" width="20" />
- <img alt="@terakilobyte" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1911390?v=3&amp;s=40" title="terakilobyte" width="20" />
- <img alt="@ltegman" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1381313?v=3&amp;s=40" title="ltegman" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 482 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-reactide">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/reactide/reactide">
- <span class="text-normal">reactide / </span>reactide
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/reactide/reactide/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="fiNRzOcrfEncyWvVDHQA/z7VjfS6IQivSWjLShG366JHlOLAxKWkBaUP32q+O+jaq4uUGXbQK8VgISoC3PyZ0w==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar reactide/reactide"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/reactide/reactide/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="B+5mb7ldUMNgNd1ZKO+fFobQc5tL6fkBUsARbBTIIrltV2NwZnlWO8gBvpk07PErmdWqEMpRp6aUmosATQxdkA==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star reactide/reactide"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- Reactide is the first dedicated IDE for React web application development. <a href="http://reactide.io">http://reactide.io</a>
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/reactide/reactide/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 5,282
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/reactide/reactide/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 202
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/reactide/reactide/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@JiniHendrix" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16394190?v=3&amp;s=40" title="JiniHendrix" width="20" />
- <img alt="@bitadj" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/5975111?v=3&amp;s=40" title="bitadj" width="20" />
- <img alt="@RyleySill93" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/20671872?v=3&amp;s=40" title="RyleySill93" width="20" />
- <img alt="@markmarcelo" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/24632583?v=3&amp;s=40" title="markmarcelo" width="20" />
- <img alt="@Pau1fitz" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/6873736?v=3&amp;s=40" title="Pau1fitz" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 352 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-tippyjs">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/atomiks/tippyjs">
- <span class="text-normal">atomiks / </span>tippyjs
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/atomiks/tippyjs/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="1IBCa51nGPs66alFpwtvBs+2rG4QZMVayp1rOG5Hl084Eul6aZFtCwcrOYCTa46/Mfbw814lf/ePKQPatBJzZQ==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar atomiks/tippyjs"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/atomiks/tippyjs/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="iVi9B06HJknpbu5uoA/HuzjDVZUoH80GnlegykbRvIkrQUthw8NAYzm5mjay/6zhgWEOvd/aMiW7IgTJWPNI9Q==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star atomiks/tippyjs"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- A lightweight, pure JS tooltip library
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/atomiks/tippyjs/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 854
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/atomiks/tippyjs/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 27
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/atomiks/tippyjs/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@atomiks" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/22450188?v=3&amp;s=40" title="atomiks" width="20" />
- <img alt="@lex111" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/4408379?v=3&amp;s=40" title="lex111" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 321 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-react-datasheet">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/nadbm/react-datasheet">
- <span class="text-normal">nadbm / </span>react-datasheet
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/nadbm/react-datasheet/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="rUOVKBpf/FguOHhkd9JNHxyILKcBCraMGWN+d056tJgPmEjvMi/gbUEAgW4EJkZtmwtv0DlN+jbyyUVmUnk9RA==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar nadbm/react-datasheet"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/nadbm/react-datasheet/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="/N4EH7xWYqZIpWDDf3BatlGvx/fMAEJ3vlZKziuxIbd710GZgPsuXGy7QjAFV3B3Vt1ni94D+GBUnygtwOzH8w==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star nadbm/react-datasheet"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- Excel-like data grid component for react
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/nadbm/react-datasheet/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 1,572
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/nadbm/react-datasheet/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 37
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/nadbm/react-datasheet/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@nadbm" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/5846191?v=3&amp;s=40" title="nadbm" width="20" />
- <img alt="@lex111" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/4408379?v=3&amp;s=40" title="lex111" width="20" />
- <img alt="@hugozap" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/590295?v=3&amp;s=40" title="hugozap" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 285 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-planck.js">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/shakiba/planck.js">
- <span class="text-normal">shakiba / </span>planck.js
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/shakiba/planck.js/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="swndZsrbtPJHJSz+GSWp4fG+b6SQVLfdpnGm5PnaB/YjR5U2sR8OMjgxewyEOI1l9V23vWI59IscEmgbZ5Me4g==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar shakiba/planck.js"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/shakiba/planck.js/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="1BlCxQA47acK7BpMe5RjSq8XnmAN0zORu05Hc4JVU2/5+dIl1v+SoDhL56Qp9DZ1PpE8U58YseYK18oJrIRi8w==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star shakiba/planck.js"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- 2D JavaScript Physics Engine
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/shakiba/planck.js/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 951
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/shakiba/planck.js/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 21
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/shakiba/planck.js/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@shakiba" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1061095?v=3&amp;s=40" title="shakiba" width="20" />
- <img alt="@ilya-kolpakov" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/592849?v=3&amp;s=40" title="ilya-kolpakov" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 260 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-glamorous">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/paypal/glamorous">
- <span class="text-normal">paypal / </span>glamorous
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/paypal/glamorous/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="Lx2WSBpL50iqR2lz6JVtqHrIb6YavYmowyoNhyLyPHm0QklHEsARKTeyB0zKFCp6h+8n4BttLCkWmKCIZcmtgQ==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar paypal/glamorous"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/paypal/glamorous/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="TLA/XVCfOt/Zm3UbhbM+fkmAD29UxtmqYnn0NYy3Bu5q9WKDBt3TqFx6RUz+537EAQVftR6we946amEQDezjdw==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star paypal/glamorous"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- React component styling solved <g-emoji alias="lipstick" fallback-src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/1f484.png" ios-version="6.0">💄</g-emoji>
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/paypal/glamorous/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 542
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/paypal/glamorous/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 20
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/paypal/glamorous/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@kentcdodds" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1500684?v=3&amp;s=40" title="kentcdodds" width="20" />
- <img alt="@CompuIves" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/587016?v=3&amp;s=40" title="CompuIves" width="20" />
- <img alt="@binhonglee" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16726210?v=3&amp;s=40" title="binhonglee" width="20" />
- <img alt="@crowchirp" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/14236753?v=3&amp;s=40" title="crowchirp" width="20" />
- <img alt="@patitonar" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/4614574?v=3&amp;s=40" title="patitonar" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 252 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-across-tabs">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/wingify/across-tabs">
- <span class="text-normal">wingify / </span>across-tabs
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/wingify/across-tabs/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="CPOXzJg62G9anpEQbETOTrwM5BAPZ3sg+q7eTnb+PpRX1Bll+sBAFzsftImiYb4aA9VW190bux81WCdwOqgM7g==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar wingify/across-tabs"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/wingify/across-tabs/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="HHVWeuCRhnMTQqT8Tcz+G+EaBD751t2i9Bg6v2I3XvSJHG6RNHOHKQDIzms29E84k6pdm5VzDx041CxMWm1wMw==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star wingify/across-tabs"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- Easy communication between cross-origin browser tabs
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/wingify/across-tabs/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 395
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/wingify/across-tabs/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 9
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/wingify/across-tabs/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@softvar" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4180800?v=3&amp;s=40" title="softvar" width="20" />
- <img alt="@kreitje" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/603228?v=3&amp;s=40" title="kreitje" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 219 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-robotopia">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/robotopia-x/robotopia">
- <span class="text-normal">robotopia-x / </span>robotopia
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/robotopia-x/robotopia/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="KbSCtDRIvWh/nM0uIzJvCuXh7+KdC07IfiFgJRTzrUbhTusrd3txtJQw0X4R7trO+8PsQAjR4/btZn03WrVIMQ==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar robotopia-x/robotopia"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/robotopia-x/robotopia/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="k/alDl3cEvackb0CLnzinNqb58oMYhEUvPlE0XWFIX1XLmUpx/R6MTzh4RS3C2WF1mRk2BftqM3FHLZ9xEmiQw==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star robotopia-x/robotopia"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
-
-<g-emoji alias="robot" fallback-src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/1f916.png" ios-version="9.1">🤖</g-emoji> Introducing kids to coding with tiny virtual robots!
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/robotopia-x/robotopia/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 210
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/robotopia-x/robotopia/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 12
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/robotopia-x/robotopia/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@paulsonnentag" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/650540?v=3&amp;s=40" title="paulsonnentag" width="20" />
- <img alt="@timgrossmann" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/16529337?v=3&amp;s=40" title="timgrossmann" width="20" />
- <img alt="@H3rby7" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/5808849?v=3&amp;s=40" title="H3rby7" width="20" />
- <img alt="@pguth" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/85259?v=3&amp;s=40" title="pguth" width="20" />
- <img alt="@mblodorn" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/17105037?v=3&amp;s=40" title="mblodorn" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 199 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-You-Dont-Know-JS">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS">
- <span class="text-normal">getify / </span>You-Dont-Know-JS
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="TINxL8EJGv1hGQqZSNotfIpAceG5/soGNCVWKinbY7lujAnOuPKxwwHMZ5BIAZt7bqC0Q2vqAWZQzjYvV/UYXQ==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar getify/You-Dont-Know-JS"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="+MbDi37kQjKNXSgrTniTcXoMqrQ/5dw8C4cs2+i+/XCVNI987w3FWHcDSa3rzx8Zvk20Z79//VwE0v6+36w1fg==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star getify/You-Dont-Know-JS"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- A book series on JavaScript. @YDKJS on twitter.
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 55,826
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 8,915
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/getify/You-Dont-Know-JS/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@getify" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/150330?v=3&amp;s=40" title="getify" width="20" />
- <img alt="@machineloop" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3682072?v=3&amp;s=40" title="machineloop" width="20" />
- <img alt="@pdawyndt" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/5736113?v=3&amp;s=40" title="pdawyndt" width="20" />
- <img alt="@4thana" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/8932386?v=3&amp;s=40" title="4thana" width="20" />
- <img alt="@zackgao" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1768718?v=3&amp;s=40" title="zackgao" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 141 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-create-dmg">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/sindresorhus/create-dmg">
- <span class="text-normal">sindresorhus / </span>create-dmg
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/sindresorhus/create-dmg/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="+3RQ5+IkieB9jS2J+exqUJ7cUlMcOG6BhKBsbS0h00vrPkLsKyodAk/rfUPRQ7P+jZ2faXjkgGp6dqaWJwuQ7A==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar sindresorhus/create-dmg"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/sindresorhus/create-dmg/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="LVTMrAUkf+Ok45bwNrZ8MHNcuPWYzPxAW9p55w8O+lQokZPDcI26GyDQV9lO84CBfUa5dGXXRkL4lxQgFBFlbQ==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star sindresorhus/create-dmg"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- Create a good-looking DMG for your macOS app in seconds
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/sindresorhus/create-dmg/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 1,470
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/sindresorhus/create-dmg/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 30
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/sindresorhus/create-dmg/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@sindresorhus" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/170270?v=3&amp;s=40" title="sindresorhus" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 141 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-vue">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/vuejs/vue">
- <span class="text-normal">vuejs / </span>vue
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/vuejs/vue/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="IbTn+l22DjzCsbo0XIt861k1i3Bnm12XSjpKdfng500dHJgEwOCUGl+M7gjKPSAE089BrDF4rhNq7aDm70pI/w==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar vuejs/vue"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/vuejs/vue/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="EWbyWakY87cpAqJgDeBwEyc/AIn07d4Wz0OJ5sT8I4tL+/eR/Xqz3BvrAesWgTLyrhqT48E556AESVF7xMi87Q==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star vuejs/vue"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- A progressive, incrementally-adoptable JavaScript framework for building UI on the web.
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/vuejs/vue/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 49,328
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/vuejs/vue/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 6,491
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/vuejs/vue/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@yyx990803" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/499550?v=3&amp;s=40" title="yyx990803" width="20" />
- <img alt="@defcc" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2603918?v=3&amp;s=40" title="defcc" width="20" />
- <img alt="@kazupon" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/72989?v=3&amp;s=40" title="kazupon" width="20" />
- <img alt="@Jinjiang" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/206848?v=3&amp;s=40" title="Jinjiang" width="20" />
- <img alt="@posva" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/664177?v=3&amp;s=40" title="posva" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 119 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-gridgarden">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/thomaspark/gridgarden">
- <span class="text-normal">thomaspark / </span>gridgarden
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/thomaspark/gridgarden/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="f+cu3bknBl3vCK4eQM19I15/CfQpC4sGOvV69JJaPyYopZQBLQcQekkE+eYG72vsTzKHFKknxvYx3z9ePZ41Lg==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar thomaspark/gridgarden"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/thomaspark/gridgarden/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="ObampvvXkcN3AgXiKPrmXIDNFFQ7ocsUsBdsXntcdAz8E1bIxFXd2k8+xr9QO+TRo4IB1y4+5w+05yBt1uRMDg==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star thomaspark/gridgarden"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- A game for learning CSS grid layout
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/thomaspark/gridgarden/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 204
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/thomaspark/gridgarden/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 15
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/thomaspark/gridgarden/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@thomaspark" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/900407?v=3&amp;s=40" title="thomaspark" width="20" />
- <img alt="@jaworek" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22678765?v=3&amp;s=40" title="jaworek" width="20" />
- <img alt="@liberaliscomputing" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/8662608?v=3&amp;s=40" title="liberaliscomputing" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 121 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-chrono">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/wanasit/chrono">
- <span class="text-normal">wanasit / </span>chrono
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/wanasit/chrono/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="FzJ2RcAzMJGA/HfygAebs3Uit7IbR2W6mncMRfFSO9zBdyJG04InAWkkgDJupKnhdvQsvOxF79wkAxERUAj4AQ==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar wanasit/chrono"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/wanasit/chrono/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="dP1TVnmGb9wgfc9tn48p71sRzEhoE07YmOL08dw2dTFWDmjYt/bvWO1I0u5Qj3cbpim7/JgBAC1cY+zKD8+iLQ==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star wanasit/chrono"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- A natural language date parser in Javascript
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/wanasit/chrono/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 939
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/wanasit/chrono/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 133
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/wanasit/chrono/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@wanasit" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1537162?v=3&amp;s=40" title="wanasit" width="20" />
- <img alt="@matthias-christen" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/3175763?v=3&amp;s=40" title="matthias-christen" width="20" />
- <img alt="@gimenete" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/50486?v=3&amp;s=40" title="gimenete" width="20" />
- <img alt="@benaubin" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7585353?v=3&amp;s=40" title="benaubin" width="20" />
- <img alt="@gregeinfrank" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/3170441?v=3&amp;s=40" title="gregeinfrank" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 118 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-react">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/facebook/react">
- <span class="text-normal">facebook / </span>react
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/facebook/react/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="2XK2voyA+38s3c1wJk4pNH5jzYuqBK2P4iY9b0VacVHt+F7BgqwwvhC7CwEJW48HRxKLceoRNrU4aMPHuflzbw==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar facebook/react"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/facebook/react/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="cwua7dmLwX25xYaFZMmaj/ncTeCFd8ggMQMX9SBndE8sIJqXAPZqL+CEqHOtWSIbFhR9hZr5aI6P4KMmD6MVOw==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star facebook/react"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- A declarative, efficient, and flexible JavaScript library for building user interfaces.
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/facebook/react/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 63,621
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/facebook/react/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 11,781
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/facebook/react/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@zpao" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/8445?v=3&amp;s=40" title="zpao" width="20" />
- <img alt="@spicyj" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6820?v=3&amp;s=40" title="spicyj" width="20" />
- <img alt="@sebmarkbage" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/63648?v=3&amp;s=40" title="sebmarkbage" width="20" />
- <img alt="@jimfb" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/9595985?v=3&amp;s=40" title="jimfb" width="20" />
- <img alt="@gaearon" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/810438?v=3&amp;s=40" title="gaearon" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 102 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-bootstrap">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/twbs/bootstrap">
- <span class="text-normal">twbs / </span>bootstrap
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/twbs/bootstrap/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="uGjWUgcP0O6QVyNYoaKvtZ1y+mk121rnH0oOFKNtDO5fqxzMjBbgNUKc5wOl0U1AaQQbnFVmixjW+Esyw3pMrQ==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar twbs/bootstrap"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/twbs/bootstrap/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="rdQW6Gmx5Iuao+uHLFPX8r6DpWcUFQoCoIXghVJWWlHVXMxUvVDcQHDDV4dp//XTRaCaGpotgwOr8mt9sFl4Fw==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star twbs/bootstrap"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- The most popular HTML, CSS, and JavaScript framework for developing responsive, mobile first projects on the web.
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/twbs/bootstrap/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 108,962
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/twbs/bootstrap/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 50,044
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/twbs/bootstrap/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@mdo" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/98681?v=3&amp;s=40" title="mdo" width="20" />
- <img alt="@cvrebert" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/419884?v=3&amp;s=40" title="cvrebert" width="20" />
- <img alt="@fat" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/169705?v=3&amp;s=40" title="fat" width="20" />
- <img alt="@XhmikosR" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/349621?v=3&amp;s=40" title="XhmikosR" width="20" />
- <img alt="@hnrch02" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1068978?v=3&amp;s=40" title="hnrch02" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 82 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-create-react-app">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/facebookincubator/create-react-app">
- <span class="text-normal">facebookincubator / </span>create-react-app
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/facebookincubator/create-react-app/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="PyJoic8X9sHnIKY/Su5z4nfvj+88M4ikB6tSzqWJF9zISPwKvTJiKwUaVZqTnq6QWynho0nTDnwb/oNNfn729Q==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar facebookincubator/create-react-app"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/facebookincubator/create-react-app/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="EVZSHRK3HzoEuuK45OsaZBhWw2xBGhZ5+8QK/zA443NdW8EB1bclzbuy21iT3EbGiDlyJU7xTT6vmQE37IP/pA==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star facebookincubator/create-react-app"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- Create React apps with no build configuration.
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/facebookincubator/create-react-app/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 24,103
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/facebookincubator/create-react-app/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 3,100
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/facebookincubator/create-react-app/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@gaearon" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/810438?v=3&amp;s=40" title="gaearon" width="20" />
- <img alt="@fson" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/497214?v=3&amp;s=40" title="fson" width="20" />
- <img alt="@Timer" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/616428?v=3&amp;s=40" title="Timer" width="20" />
- <img alt="@vjeux" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/197597?v=3&amp;s=40" title="vjeux" width="20" />
- <img alt="@mxstbr" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/7525670?v=3&amp;s=40" title="mxstbr" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 92 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-sweetalert2">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/limonte/sweetalert2">
- <span class="text-normal">limonte / </span>sweetalert2
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/limonte/sweetalert2/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="3py9h1jjvDLNYLrRxfxNJ5TxtKb9W7y+PWuT3ZGBwZ/dsZ23TD5rsrq+vmk3MrymITcoIz37sllNA/9CfYPBuQ==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar limonte/sweetalert2"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/limonte/sweetalert2/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="d3DXSFpwZkw6zc1xCOANnRp0DrsW/29LTXJz13fcyJYLEEdSVHZW1pqmIQdcZ2SW4zcjdSivVPH4CeuyX/gizw==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star limonte/sweetalert2"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- A beautiful, responsive, customizable and accessible (WAI-ARIA) replacement for JavaScript's popup boxes, supported fork of sweetalert
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/limonte/sweetalert2/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 2,072
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/limonte/sweetalert2/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 348
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/limonte/sweetalert2/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@limonte" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/6059356?v=3&amp;s=40" title="limonte" width="20" />
- <img alt="@t4t5" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2598660?v=3&amp;s=40" title="t4t5" width="20" />
- <img alt="@birjolaxew" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/4542461?v=3&amp;s=40" title="birjolaxew" width="20" />
- <img alt="@toverux" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1343250?v=3&amp;s=40" title="toverux" width="20" />
- <img alt="@green-arrow" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2180127?v=3&amp;s=40" title="green-arrow" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 96 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-axios">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/mzabriskie/axios">
- <span class="text-normal">mzabriskie / </span>axios
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/mzabriskie/axios/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="EXJEKnbl9KGt91NvtBNMEPWQpiBHG63pjufmmtfjtuvR4SYMryInhm8qsRR87iRk//ABAH3YQYTljhRTrH2CjA==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar mzabriskie/axios"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/mzabriskie/axios/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="/Xi4slD0IQhCSlmw+JTgx7TCnGOyItOCEUYzvdKhRueKSXEn9c8ToEU/MVmwH+20wfJ4wXUmwN8hlTv44mUPsA==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star mzabriskie/axios"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- Promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/mzabriskie/axios/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 16,943
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/mzabriskie/axios/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 937
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/mzabriskie/axios/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@mzabriskie" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/199035?v=3&amp;s=40" title="mzabriskie" width="20" />
- <img alt="@nickuraltsev" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6316432?v=3&amp;s=40" title="nickuraltsev" width="20" />
- <img alt="@rubennorte" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/117921?v=3&amp;s=40" title="rubennorte" width="20" />
- <img alt="@idan" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22723?v=3&amp;s=40" title="idan" width="20" />
- <img alt="@jtangelder" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1243901?v=3&amp;s=40" title="jtangelder" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 86 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-You-Dont-Need-jQuery">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/oneuijs/You-Dont-Need-jQuery">
- <span class="text-normal">oneuijs / </span>You-Dont-Need-jQuery
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/oneuijs/You-Dont-Need-jQuery/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="A4ZlBRcFLTp7FMiboLeT5QRptj49ndNlGLkn2zMEVsP7ZkcbnMZSH8y9nQ5E9xi7MnvYX4a5SQGWwuVUd4Em3Q==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar oneuijs/You-Dont-Need-jQuery"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/oneuijs/You-Dont-Need-jQuery/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="SM+5RALMS9x/H/9OPLb03M5x49AzDGm+fa4kYj/XzxCHktnrjrLKvA1W+y7o1mB3jgbu86gemfr2QhxrBmOPoA==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star oneuijs/You-Dont-Need-jQuery"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- Examples of how to do query, style, dom, ajax, event etc like jQuery with plain javascript.
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/oneuijs/You-Dont-Need-jQuery/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 10,461
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/oneuijs/You-Dont-Need-jQuery/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 864
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/oneuijs/You-Dont-Need-jQuery/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@camsong" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/948896?v=3&amp;s=40" title="camsong" width="20" />
- <img alt="@arcthur" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/322331?v=3&amp;s=40" title="arcthur" width="20" />
- <img alt="@softwarespot" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/5333690?v=3&amp;s=40" title="softwarespot" width="20" />
- <img alt="@infacq" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1596891?v=3&amp;s=40" title="infacq" width="20" />
- <img alt="@rotvulpix" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/4602751?v=3&amp;s=40" title="rotvulpix" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 84 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-react-native">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/facebook/react-native">
- <span class="text-normal">facebook / </span>react-native
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/facebook/react-native/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="5mK0ndnObs9Nalv3OPeMNgD0Qzd2MYHzHmOIBGkHF34gMotooKyI/IgGuMQd6mdZ4dHsAvYzf8e+ZJB07hKSUA==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar facebook/react-native"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/facebook/react-native/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="tEhUwowRMsWl1uSknylsZ8tscHPSgzXqgBSa5iUm7El+FS3Skl+kAGVVUOEd38+63kT9X5waVrPsWjCfWiKuhw==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star facebook/react-native"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- A framework for building native apps with React.
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/facebook/react-native/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 46,602
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/facebook/react-native/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 10,791
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/facebook/react-native/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@mkonicek" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/346214?v=3&amp;s=40" title="mkonicek" width="20" />
- <img alt="@vjeux" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/197597?v=3&amp;s=40" title="vjeux" width="20" />
- <img alt="@nicklockwood" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/546885?v=3&amp;s=40" title="nicklockwood" width="20" />
- <img alt="@javache" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/5676?v=3&amp;s=40" title="javache" width="20" />
- <img alt="@sahrens" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1509831?v=3&amp;s=40" title="sahrens" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 74 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-javascript">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/airbnb/javascript">
- <span class="text-normal">airbnb / </span>javascript
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/airbnb/javascript/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="ugNhgP3A4oM8h8+X2TURkWISczTPUFlsHYTSBE6gvDnAnocdx86z6xnCfUWHX/zAzt80F5rNDHqMhwL1FBO1qg==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar airbnb/javascript"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/airbnb/javascript/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="Jit1QcB/CNSztwAwpfAQKZuDRgEVhyvx3Shn/ry9HZ0vt4zblcTVGw2HjrifF2lNYHxpQJmB79rkUh+IjfrH0w==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star airbnb/javascript"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- JavaScript Style Guide
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/airbnb/javascript/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 50,136
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/airbnb/javascript/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 9,667
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/airbnb/javascript/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@ljharb" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/45469?v=3&amp;s=40" title="ljharb" width="20" />
- <img alt="@hshoff" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/339208?v=3&amp;s=40" title="hshoff" width="20" />
- <img alt="@justjake" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/296279?v=3&amp;s=40" title="justjake" width="20" />
- <img alt="@goatslacker" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/10632?v=3&amp;s=40" title="goatslacker" width="20" />
- <img alt="@lencioni" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/195534?v=3&amp;s=40" title="lencioni" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 77 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-wechat_spider">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/lijinma/wechat_spider">
- <span class="text-normal">lijinma / </span>wechat_spider
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/lijinma/wechat_spider/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="jfEyOChBqXSO9pCdapySfBN+z4AUFYSw3KB0eJVJbamDE3VWZ1G0iSJt8nrjLgIrH5bwHJ//eH6T8wsfDThYkA==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar lijinma/wechat_spider"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/lijinma/wechat_spider/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="QuVfGhzBWP3MywTAtoU2K4hKWyNLQxVdik0TZ/tvkGTHyJMMUdbXnetB0wIRBNwa+BX6Lek5ScRxyPghiSBzMA==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star lijinma/wechat_spider"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- 使用“代理”的方式来抓取微信公众账号文章,可以抓取阅读数、点赞数,基于 anyproxy。
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/lijinma/wechat_spider/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 84
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/lijinma/wechat_spider/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 17
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/lijinma/wechat_spider/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@lijinma" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1594847?v=3&amp;s=40" title="lijinma" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 76 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-surmon.me.native">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/surmon-china/surmon.me.native">
- <span class="text-normal">surmon-china / </span>surmon.me.native
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/surmon-china/surmon.me.native/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="DmdzerQ9hnafDpzuK51HAth5wYq8nTBgUIh34wB4AK3Y88MjeUwdLf/nyuL/YNMtUxL4PU8YRfdAttaIs88Zug==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar surmon-china/surmon.me.native"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/surmon-china/surmon.me.native/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="UKq10i0WPmXmut3UKCXtK6kNrORpYg2Ef3VgR3t6a8tetNe/+3AklINDTs8fpfukZG/EbVginOtIZ7pfZna2hQ==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star surmon-china/surmon.me.native"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
-
-<g-emoji alias="full_moon_with_face" fallback-src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/1f31d.png" ios-version="6.0">🌝</g-emoji> A react-native applaction for surmon.me
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/surmon-china/surmon.me.native/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 78
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/surmon-china/surmon.me.native/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 7
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/surmon-china/surmon.me.native/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@surmon-china" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/14019524?v=3&amp;s=40" title="surmon-china" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 76 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-gitment">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/imsun/gitment">
- <span class="text-normal">imsun / </span>gitment
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/imsun/gitment/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="9blMpB2hYsWy1bZfnDlFG+cMuOGK3j6SuFY700MF+OGz8qbj9/P9MlO7KG1MeFR15sBC9y4Y1KaQBl5wVUl6Jg==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar imsun/gitment"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/imsun/gitment/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="+ZSi8QfZfHo5cWa9VwgZg2LYUGpMc8HnXDuC8RTkcmHvi/f6IJ/IWPOIAgJKFjrhKbXP8JgTtljBcgdCRCgVNw==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star imsun/gitment"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- A comment system based on GitHub Issues.
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/imsun/gitment/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 159
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/imsun/gitment/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 8
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/imsun/gitment/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@imsun" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/5890751?v=3&amp;s=40" title="imsun" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 77 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- <li class="col-12 d-block width-full py-4 border-bottom" id="pa-fony">
- <div class="d-inline-block col-9 mb-1">
- <h3>
- <a href="/captainsafia/fony">
- <span class="text-normal">captainsafia / </span>fony
-</a> </h3>
- </div>
-
- <div class="float-right">
- <div class="js-toggler-container js-social-container starring-container ">
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/captainsafia/fony/unstar" class="starred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="FE4Msj1tYtA/bAfylRd6acafiYs1bU7GJnCH6G+l5dlFZ6OuP8tpalyD8RB7DMG5vItUn7Z5oh9S+dqijQUaPw==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Unstar this repository" title="Unstar captainsafia/fony"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click unstar button, action:trending#index; text:Unstar">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Unstar
- </button>
-</form>
- <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/captainsafia/fony/star" class="unstarred" data-remote="true" method="post"><div style="margin:0;padding:0;display:inline"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" /><input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="+MzKyGTj6Q5vCLdmshsV7Yq2ppcklVXOsObRcXeFOZt5rUr8eG4WNYsZrTsa/bxjkXEZ/Sak7fSQyB1ZKXGAmQ==" /></div>
- <button
- type="submit"
- class="btn btn-sm js-toggler-target"
- aria-label="Star this repository" title="Star captainsafia/fony"
- data-ga-click="Repository, click star button, action:trending#index; text:Star">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- Star
- </button>
-</form> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="py-1">
- <p class="col-9 d-inline-block text-gray m-0 pr-4">
- A simple command line tool for generating fake data from a template string
- </p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="f6 text-gray mt-2">
- <span class="repo-language-color ml-0" style="background-color:#f1e05a;"></span>
- <span class="mr-3" itemprop="programmingLanguage">
- JavaScript
- </span>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/captainsafia/fony/stargazers">
- <svg aria-label="star" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 99
- </a>
-
- <a class="muted-link mr-3" href="/captainsafia/fony/network">
- <svg aria-label="fork" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10 16" width="10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6L5 8 3 6V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 2 1a1.993 1.993 0 0 0-1 3.72V6.5l3 3v1.78A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 5 15a1.993 1.993 0 0 0 1-3.72V9.5l3-3V4.72A1.993 1.993 0 0 0 8 1zM2 4.2C1.34 4.2.8 3.65.8 3c0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3 10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2zm3-10c-.66 0-1.2-.55-1.2-1.2 0-.65.55-1.2 1.2-1.2.65 0 1.2.55 1.2 1.2 0 .65-.55 1.2-1.2 1.2z"/></svg>
- 3
- </a>
-
-
- Built by
- <a href="/captainsafia/fony/graphs/contributors" class="no-underline">
- <img alt="@captainsafia" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1857993?v=3&amp;s=40" title="captainsafia" width="20" />
- <img alt="@n1k0" class="avatar mb-1" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/41547?v=3&amp;s=40" title="n1k0" width="20" />
- </a>
-
- <span class="float-right">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-star" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 14 16" width="14"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 6l-4.9-.64L7 1 4.9 5.36 0 6l3.6 3.26L2.67 14 7 11.67 11.33 14l-.93-4.74z"/></svg>
- 77 stars today
- </span>
- </div>
-</li>
-
- </ol>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="column one-fourth">
- <ul class="filter-list small language-filter-list" data-pjax>
- <li>
- <a href="https://github.com/trending" class="filter-item ">All languages</a>
- </li>
- <li>
- <a href="https://github.com/trending/unknown" class="filter-item ">Unknown languages</a>
- </li>
- <li>
- <a href="https://github.com/trending/clojure" class="filter-item ">Clojure</a>
- </li>
- <li>
- <a href="https://github.com/trending/html" class="filter-item ">HTML</a>
- </li>
- <li>
- <a href="https://github.com/trending/java" class="filter-item ">Java</a>
- </li>
- <li>
- <a href="https://github.com/trending" class="filter-item selected">JavaScript</a>
- </li>
-</ul>
-
-<div class="select-menu js-menu-container js-select-menu">
- <button class="btn btn-sm select-menu-button js-menu-target" type="button" aria-haspopup="true">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-list-unordered" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 13c0 .59 0 1-.59 1H.59C0 14 0 13.59 0 13c0-.59 0-1 .59-1h.81c.59 0 .59.41.59 1H2zm2.59-9h6.81c.59 0 .59-.41.59-1 0-.59 0-1-.59-1H4.59C4 2 4 2.41 4 3c0 .59 0 1 .59 1zM1.41 7H.59C0 7 0 7.41 0 8c0 .59 0 1 .59 1h.81c.59 0 .59-.41.59-1 0-.59 0-1-.59-1h.01zm0-5H.59C0 2 0 2.41 0 3c0 .59 0 1 .59 1h.81c.59 0 .59-.41.59-1 0-.59 0-1-.59-1h.01zm10 5H4.59C4 7 4 7.41 4 8c0 .59 0 1 .59 1h6.81c.59 0 .59-.41.59-1 0-.59 0-1-.59-1h.01zm0 5H4.59C4 12 4 12.41 4 13c0 .59 0 1 .59 1h6.81c.59 0 .59-.41.59-1 0-.59 0-1-.59-1h.01z"/></svg>
- <i>Other:</i>
- <span class="js-select-button">Languages</span>
- </button>
-
- <div class="select-menu-modal-holder js-menu-content js-navigation-container">
- <div class="select-menu-modal">
- <div class="select-menu-header">
- <svg aria-label="Close" class="octicon octicon-x js-menu-close" height="16" role="img" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.48 8l3.75 3.75-1.48 1.48L6 9.48l-3.75 3.75-1.48-1.48L4.52 8 .77 4.25l1.48-1.48L6 6.52l3.75-3.75 1.48 1.48z"/></svg>
- <span class="select-menu-title">Other Languages</span>
- </div>
-
- <div class="select-menu-filters">
- <div class="select-menu-text-filter">
- <input type="text" id="text-filter-field" class="form-control js-filterable-field js-navigation-enable" placeholder="Filter Languages" aria-label="Type or choose a language">
- </div>
- </div>
-
- <div class="select-menu-list" data-pjax role="menu">
-
-
- <div data-filterable-for="text-filter-field" data-filterable-type="substring">
- <a href="https://github.com/trending/1c-enterprise" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>1C Enterprise</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/abap" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ABAP</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/abnf" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ABNF</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/actionscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ActionScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ada" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Ada</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/agda" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Agda</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ags-script" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>AGS Script</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/alloy" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Alloy</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/alpine-abuild" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Alpine Abuild</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ampl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>AMPL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ant-build-system" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Ant Build System</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/antlr" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ANTLR</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/apacheconf" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ApacheConf</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/apex" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Apex</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/api-blueprint" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>API Blueprint</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/apl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>APL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/apollo-guidance-computer" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Apollo Guidance Computer</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/applescript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>AppleScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/arc" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Arc</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/arduino" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Arduino</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/asciidoc" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>AsciiDoc</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/asn.1" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ASN.1</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/asp" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ASP</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/aspectj" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>AspectJ</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/assembly" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Assembly</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ats" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ATS</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/augeas" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Augeas</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/autohotkey" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>AutoHotkey</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/autoit" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>AutoIt</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/awk" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Awk</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/batchfile" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Batchfile</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/befunge" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Befunge</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/bison" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Bison</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/bitbake" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>BitBake</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/blade" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Blade</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/blitzbasic" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>BlitzBasic</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/blitzmax" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>BlitzMax</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/bluespec" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Bluespec</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/boo" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Boo</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/brainfuck" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Brainfuck</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/brightscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Brightscript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/bro" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Bro</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/c" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>C</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/c%23" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>C#</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/c++" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>C++</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/c-objdump" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>C-ObjDump</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/c2hs-haskell" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>C2hs Haskell</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/cap&#39;n-proto" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Cap&#39;n Proto</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/cartocss" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>CartoCSS</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ceylon" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Ceylon</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/chapel" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Chapel</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/charity" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Charity</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/chuck" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ChucK</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/cirru" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Cirru</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/clarion" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Clarion</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/clean" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Clean</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/click" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Click</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/clips" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>CLIPS</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/clojure" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Clojure</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/cmake" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>CMake</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/cobol" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>COBOL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/coffeescript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>CoffeeScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/coldfusion" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ColdFusion</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/coldfusion-cfc" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ColdFusion CFC</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/collada" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>COLLADA</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/common-lisp" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Common Lisp</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/component-pascal" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Component Pascal</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/cool" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Cool</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/coq" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Coq</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/cpp-objdump" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Cpp-ObjDump</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/creole" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Creole</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/crystal" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Crystal</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/cson" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>CSON</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/csound" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Csound</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/csound-document" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Csound Document</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/csound-score" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Csound Score</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/css" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>CSS</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/csv" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>CSV</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gherkin" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Gherkin</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/cuda" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Cuda</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/cycript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Cycript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/cython" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Cython</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/d" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>D</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/d-objdump" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>D-ObjDump</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/darcs-patch" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Darcs Patch</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/dart" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Dart</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/desktop" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>desktop</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/diff" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Diff</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/digital-command-language" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>DIGITAL Command Language</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/dm" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>DM</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/dns-zone" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>DNS Zone</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/dockerfile" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Dockerfile</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/dogescript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Dogescript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/dtrace" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>DTrace</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/dylan" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Dylan</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/e" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>E</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/eagle" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Eagle</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ebnf" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>EBNF</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ec" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>eC</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ecere-projects" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Ecere Projects</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ecl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ECL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/eclipse" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ECLiPSe</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/edn" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>edn</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/eiffel" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Eiffel</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ejs" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>EJS</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/elixir" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Elixir</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/elm" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Elm</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/emacs-lisp" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Emacs Lisp</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/emberscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>EmberScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/eq" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>EQ</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/erlang" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Erlang</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/f%23" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>F#</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/factor" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Factor</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/fancy" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Fancy</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/fantom" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Fantom</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/filebench-wml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Filebench WML</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/filterscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Filterscript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/fish" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>fish</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/flux" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>FLUX</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/formatted" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Formatted</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/forth" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Forth</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/fortran" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Fortran</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/freemarker" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>FreeMarker</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/frege" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Frege</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/g-code" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>G-code</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/game-maker-language" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Game Maker Language</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gams" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>GAMS</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gap" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>GAP</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gcc-machine-description" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>GCC Machine Description</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gdb" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>GDB</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gdscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>GDScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/genie" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Genie</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/genshi" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Genshi</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gentoo-ebuild" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Gentoo Ebuild</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gentoo-eclass" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Gentoo Eclass</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gettext-catalog" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Gettext Catalog</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gherkin" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Gherkin</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/glsl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>GLSL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/glyph" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Glyph</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gn" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>GN</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gnuplot" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Gnuplot</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/go" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Go</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/golo" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Golo</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gosu" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Gosu</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/grace" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Grace</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/gradle" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Gradle</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/grammatical-framework" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Grammatical Framework</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/graph-modeling-language" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Graph Modeling Language</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/graphql" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>GraphQL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/graphviz-(dot)" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Graphviz (DOT)</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/groovy" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Groovy</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/groovy-server-pages" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Groovy Server Pages</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/hack" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Hack</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/haml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Haml</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/handlebars" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Handlebars</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/harbour" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Harbour</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/haskell" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Haskell</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/haxe" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Haxe</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/hcl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>HCL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/hlsl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>HLSL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/html" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>HTML</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/html+django" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>HTML+Django</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/html+ecr" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>HTML+ECR</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/html+eex" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>HTML+EEX</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/html+erb" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>HTML+ERB</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/html+php" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>HTML+PHP</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/http" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>HTTP</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/hy" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Hy</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/hyphy" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>HyPhy</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/idl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>IDL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/idris" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Idris</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/igor-pro" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>IGOR Pro</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/inform-7" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Inform 7</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ini" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>INI</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/inno-setup" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Inno Setup</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/io" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Io</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ioke" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Ioke</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/irc-log" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>IRC log</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/isabelle" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Isabelle</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/isabelle-root" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Isabelle ROOT</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/j" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>J</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/jasmin" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Jasmin</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/java" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Java</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/java-server-pages" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Java Server Pages</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/javascript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item selected" role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>JavaScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/jflex" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>JFlex</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/json" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>JSON</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/json5" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>JSON5</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/jsoniq" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>JSONiq</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/jsonld" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>JSONLD</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/jsx" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>JSX</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/julia" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Julia</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/jupyter-notebook" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Jupyter Notebook</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/kicad" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>KiCad</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/kit" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Kit</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/kotlin" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Kotlin</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/krl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>KRL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/labview" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>LabVIEW</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/lasso" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Lasso</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/latte" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Latte</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/lean" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Lean</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/less" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Less</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/lex" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Lex</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/lfe" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>LFE</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/lilypond" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>LilyPond</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/limbo" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Limbo</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/linker-script" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Linker Script</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/linux-kernel-module" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Linux Kernel Module</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/liquid" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Liquid</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/literate-agda" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Literate Agda</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/literate-coffeescript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Literate CoffeeScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/literate-haskell" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Literate Haskell</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/livescript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>LiveScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/llvm" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>LLVM</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/logos" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Logos</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/logtalk" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Logtalk</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/lolcode" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>LOLCODE</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/lookml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>LookML</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/loomscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>LoomScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/lsl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>LSL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/lua" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Lua</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/m" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>M</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/m4" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>M4</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/m4sugar" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>M4Sugar</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/makefile" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Makefile</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/mako" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Mako</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/markdown" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Markdown</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/mask" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Mask</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/mathematica" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Mathematica</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/matlab" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Matlab</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/maven-pom" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Maven POM</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/max" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Max</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/maxscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>MAXScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/mediawiki" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>MediaWiki</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/mercury" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Mercury</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/meson" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Meson</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/metal" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Metal</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/minid" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>MiniD</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/mirah" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Mirah</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/modelica" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Modelica</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/modula-2" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Modula-2</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/module-management-system" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Module Management System</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/monkey" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Monkey</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/moocode" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Moocode</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/moonscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>MoonScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/mql4" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>MQL4</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/mql5" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>MQL5</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/mtml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>MTML</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/muf" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>MUF</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/mupad" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>mupad</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/myghty" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Myghty</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ncl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>NCL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/nemerle" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Nemerle</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/nesc" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>nesC</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/netlinx" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>NetLinx</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/netlinx+erb" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>NetLinx+ERB</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/netlogo" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>NetLogo</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/newlisp" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>NewLisp</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/nginx" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Nginx</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/nim" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Nim</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ninja" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Ninja</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/nit" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Nit</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/nix" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Nix</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/nl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>NL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/nsis" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>NSIS</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/nu" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Nu</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/numpy" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>NumPy</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/objdump" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ObjDump</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/objective-c" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Objective-C</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/objective-c++" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Objective-C++</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/objective-j" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Objective-J</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ocaml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>OCaml</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/omgrofl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Omgrofl</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ooc" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ooc</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/opa" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Opa</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/opal" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Opal</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/opencl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>OpenCL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/openedge-abl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>OpenEdge ABL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/openrc-runscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>OpenRC runscript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/openscad" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>OpenSCAD</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/opentype-feature-file" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>OpenType Feature File</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/org" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Org</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ox" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Ox</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/oxygene" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Oxygene</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/oz" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Oz</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/p4" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>P4</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/pan" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Pan</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/papyrus" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Papyrus</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/parrot" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Parrot</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/parrot-assembly" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Parrot Assembly</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/parrot-internal-representation" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Parrot Internal Representation</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/pascal" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Pascal</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/pawn" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>PAWN</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/perl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Perl</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/perl6" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Perl6</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/php" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>PHP</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/pic" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Pic</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/pickle" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Pickle</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/picolisp" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>PicoLisp</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/piglatin" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>PigLatin</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/pike" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Pike</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/plpgsql" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>PLpgSQL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/plsql" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>PLSQL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/pod" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Pod</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/pogoscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>PogoScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/pony" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Pony</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/postscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>PostScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/pov-ray-sdl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>POV-Ray SDL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/powerbuilder" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>PowerBuilder</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/powershell" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>PowerShell</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/processing" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Processing</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/prolog" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Prolog</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/propeller-spin" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Propeller Spin</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/protocol-buffer" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Protocol Buffer</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/public-key" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Public Key</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/pug" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Pug</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/puppet" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Puppet</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/pure-data" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Pure Data</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/purebasic" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>PureBasic</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/purescript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>PureScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/python" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Python</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/python-console" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Python console</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/python-traceback" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Python traceback</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/qmake" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>QMake</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/qml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>QML</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/r" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>R</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/racket" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Racket</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ragel" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Ragel</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/raml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>RAML</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/rascal" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Rascal</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/raw-token-data" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Raw token data</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/rdoc" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>RDoc</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/realbasic" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>REALbasic</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/reason" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Reason</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/rebol" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Rebol</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/red" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Red</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/redcode" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Redcode</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ren&#39;py" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Ren&#39;Py</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/renderscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>RenderScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/restructuredtext" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>reStructuredText</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/rexx" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>REXX</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/rhtml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>RHTML</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/rmarkdown" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>RMarkdown</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/robotframework" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>RobotFramework</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/roff" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Roff</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/rouge" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Rouge</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/rpm-spec" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>RPM Spec</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ruby" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Ruby</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/runoff" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>RUNOFF</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/rust" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Rust</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/sage" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Sage</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/saltstack" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SaltStack</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/sas" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SAS</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/sass" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Sass</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/scala" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Scala</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/scaml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Scaml</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/scheme" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Scheme</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/scilab" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Scilab</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/scss" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SCSS</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/self" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Self</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/shell" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Shell</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/shellsession" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>ShellSession</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/shen" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Shen</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/slash" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Slash</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/slim" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Slim</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/smali" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Smali</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/smalltalk" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Smalltalk</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/smarty" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Smarty</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/smt" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SMT</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/sourcepawn" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SourcePawn</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/sparql" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SPARQL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/spline-font-database" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Spline Font Database</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/sqf" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SQF</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/sql" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SQL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/sqlpl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SQLPL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/squirrel" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Squirrel</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/srecode-template" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SRecode Template</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/stan" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Stan</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/standard-ml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Standard ML</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/stata" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Stata</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ston" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>STON</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/stylus" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Stylus</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/sublime-text-config" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Sublime Text Config</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/subrip-text" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SubRip Text</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/supercollider" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SuperCollider</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/svg" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SVG</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/swift" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Swift</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/systemverilog" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>SystemVerilog</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/tcl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Tcl</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/tcsh" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Tcsh</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/tea" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Tea</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/terra" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Terra</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/tex" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>TeX</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/text" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Text</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/textile" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Textile</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/thrift" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Thrift</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/ti-program" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>TI Program</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/tla" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>TLA</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/toml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>TOML</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/turing" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Turing</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/turtle" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Turtle</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/twig" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Twig</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/txl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>TXL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/typescript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>TypeScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/unified-parallel-c" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Unified Parallel C</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/unity3d-asset" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Unity3D Asset</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/unix-assembly" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Unix Assembly</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/uno" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Uno</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/unrealscript" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>UnrealScript</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/urweb" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>UrWeb</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/vala" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Vala</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/vcl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>VCL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/verilog" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Verilog</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/vhdl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>VHDL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/vim-script" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Vim script</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/vim-script" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Vim script</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/visual-basic" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Visual Basic</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/volt" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Volt</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/vue" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Vue</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/wavefront-material" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Wavefront Material</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/wavefront-object" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Wavefront Object</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/web-ontology-language" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Web Ontology Language</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/webidl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>WebIDL</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/wisp" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>wisp</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/world-of-warcraft-addon-data" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>World of Warcraft Addon Data</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/x10" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>X10</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/xbase" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>xBase</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/xc" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>XC</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/xcompose" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>XCompose</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/xml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>XML</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/xojo" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Xojo</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/xpages" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>XPages</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/xproc" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>XProc</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/xquery" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>XQuery</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/xs" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>XS</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/xslt" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>XSLT</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/xtend" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Xtend</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/yacc" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Yacc</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/yaml" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>YAML</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/yang" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>YANG</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/zephir" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Zephir</span>
-</a> <a href="https://github.com/trending/zimpl" class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item " role="menuitem">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-check select-menu-item-icon" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 5l-8 8-4-4 1.5-1.5L4 10l6.5-6.5z"/></svg>
- <span class='select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text js-navigation-open'>Zimpl</span>
-</a> </div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="select-menu-loading-overlay anim-pulse">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-octoface" height="32" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14.7 5.34c.13-.32.55-1.59-.13-3.31 0 0-1.05-.33-3.44 1.3-1-.28-2.07-.32-3.13-.32s-2.13.04-3.13.32c-2.39-1.64-3.44-1.3-3.44-1.3-.68 1.72-.26 2.99-.13 3.31C.49 6.21 0 7.33 0 8.69 0 13.84 3.33 15 7.98 15S16 13.84 16 8.69c0-1.36-.49-2.48-1.3-3.35zM8 14.02c-3.3 0-5.98-.15-5.98-3.35 0-.76.38-1.48 1.02-2.07 1.07-.98 2.9-.46 4.96-.46 2.07 0 3.88-.52 4.96.46.65.59 1.02 1.3 1.02 2.07 0 3.19-2.68 3.35-5.98 3.35zM5.49 9.01c-.66 0-1.2.8-1.2 1.78s.54 1.79 1.2 1.79c.66 0 1.2-.8 1.2-1.79s-.54-1.78-1.2-1.78zm5.02 0c-.66 0-1.2.79-1.2 1.78s.54 1.79 1.2 1.79c.66 0 1.2-.8 1.2-1.79s-.53-1.78-1.2-1.78z"/></svg>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="protip protip-callout">
- <strong class="protip">ProTip!</strong>
- Looking for most starred JavaScript repositories?
- <a href="/search?l=javascript&amp;q=stars%3A%3E1&amp;s=stars&amp;type=Repositories">Try this search</a>
-</div>
-
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
- <div class="modal-backdrop js-touch-events"></div>
-
- </div>
-
- <div class="container-responsive mt-6" role="contentinfo">
- <div class="site-footer-marketing d-flex flex-wrap py-5 mb-5">
- <div class="site-footer-marketing-col mb-3">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-logo-github" height="24" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 45 16" width="67"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M18.53 12.03h-.02c.009 0 .015.01.024.011h.006l-.01-.01zm.004.011c-.093.001-.327.05-.574.05-.78 0-1.05-.36-1.05-.83V8.13h1.59c.09 0 .16-.08.16-.19v-1.7c0-.09-.08-.17-.16-.17h-1.59V3.96c0-.08-.05-.13-.14-.13h-2.16c-.09 0-.14.05-.14.13v2.17s-1.09.27-1.16.28c-.08.02-.13.09-.13.17v1.36c0 .11.08.19.17.19h1.11v3.28c0 2.44 1.7 2.69 2.86 2.69.53 0 1.17-.17 1.27-.22.06-.02.09-.09.09-.16v-1.5a.177.177 0 0 0-.146-.18zm23.696-2.2c0-1.81-.73-2.05-1.5-1.97-.6.04-1.08.34-1.08.34v3.52s.49.34 1.22.36c1.03.03 1.36-.34 1.36-2.25zm2.43-.16c0 3.43-1.11 4.41-3.05 4.41-1.64 0-2.52-.83-2.52-.83s-.04.46-.09.52c-.03.06-.08.08-.14.08h-1.48c-.1 0-.19-.08-.19-.17l.02-11.11c0-.09.08-.17.17-.17h2.13c.09 0 .17.08.17.17v3.77s.82-.53 2.02-.53l-.01-.02c1.2 0 2.97.45 2.97 3.88zm-8.72-3.61H33.84c-.11 0-.17.08-.17.19v5.44s-.55.39-1.3.39-.97-.34-.97-1.09V6.25c0-.09-.08-.17-.17-.17h-2.14c-.09 0-.17.08-.17.17v5.11c0 2.2 1.23 2.75 2.92 2.75 1.39 0 2.52-.77 2.52-.77s.05.39.08.45c.02.05.09.09.16.09h1.34c.11 0 .17-.08.17-.17l.02-7.47c0-.09-.08-.17-.19-.17zm-23.7-.01h-2.13c-.09 0-.17.09-.17.2v7.34c0 .2.13.27.3.27h1.92c.2 0 .25-.09.25-.27V6.23c0-.09-.08-.17-.17-.17zm-1.05-3.38c-.77 0-1.38.61-1.38 1.38 0 .77.61 1.38 1.38 1.38.75 0 1.36-.61 1.36-1.38 0-.77-.61-1.38-1.36-1.38zm16.49-.25h-2.11c-.09 0-.17.08-.17.17v4.09h-3.31V2.6c0-.09-.08-.17-.17-.17h-2.13c-.09 0-.17.08-.17.17v11.11c0 .09.09.17.17.17h2.13c.09 0 .17-.08.17-.17V8.96h3.31l-.02 4.75c0 .09.08.17.17.17h2.13c.09 0 .17-.08.17-.17V2.6c0-.09-.08-.17-.17-.17zM8.81 7.35v5.74c0 .04-.01.11-.06.13 0 0-1.25.89-3.31.89-2.49 0-5.44-.78-5.44-5.92S2.58 1.99 5.1 2c2.18 0 3.06.49 3.2.58.04.05.06.09.06.14L7.94 4.5c0 .09-.09.2-.2.17-.36-.11-.9-.33-2.17-.33-1.47 0-3.05.42-3.05 3.73s1.5 3.7 2.58 3.7c.92 0 1.25-.11 1.25-.11v-2.3H4.88c-.11 0-.19-.08-.19-.17V7.35c0-.09.08-.17.19-.17h3.74c.11 0 .19.08.19.17z"/></svg>
- <p class="text-gray alt-text-small">
- &copy; 2017
- </p>
- </div>
- <div class="site-footer-marketing-col mb-3 pr-3">
- <h4 class="mb-2">Features</h4>
- <ul class="list-style-none text-gray">
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="/features#code-review" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Code review</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="/features#project-management" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Project management</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="/features#integrations" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Integrations</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="/features#community-management" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Community</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="/features#documentation" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Documentation</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="/features#code-hosting" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Code hosting</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="site-footer-marketing-col mb-3 pr-3">
- <h4 class="mb-2">Platform</h4>
- <ul class="list-style-none">
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://atom.io" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Atom</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="http://electron.atom.io/" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Electron</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://desktop.github.com/" class="muted-link alt-text-small">GitHub Desktop</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://developer.github.com" data-ga-click="Footer, go to api, text:api" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Developers</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="site-footer-marketing-col mb-3 pr-3">
- <h4 class="mb-2">Community</h4>
- <ul class="list-style-none">
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="/personal" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Personal</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="/open-source" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Open source</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="/business" class="muted-link alt-text-small">For Business</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://education.github.com/" class="muted-link alt-text-small">For Education</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://community.github.com/" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Sponsorships</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="site-footer-marketing-col mb-3 pr-3">
- <h4 class="mb-2">Company</h4>
- <ul class="list-style-none">
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://github.com/about" class="muted-link alt-text-small" data-ga-click="Footer, go to about, text:about">About</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://github.com/blog" class="muted-link alt-text-small" data-ga-click="Footer, go to blog, text:blog">Blog</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="/business/customers" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Customers</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="/about/careers" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Careers</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="/about/press" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Press</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://shop.github.com" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Shop</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="site-footer-marketing-col mb-3 pr-3">
- <h4 class="mb-2">Resources</h4>
- <ul class="list-style-none">
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://github.com/contact" class="muted-link alt-text-small" data-ga-click="Footer, go to contact, text:contact">Contact GitHub</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://help.github.com" class="muted-link alt-text-small" data-ga-click="Footer, go to help, text:help">Help</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://status.github.com/" data-ga-click="Footer, go to status, text:status" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Status</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://github.com/site/terms" class="muted-link alt-text-small" data-ga-click="Footer, go to terms, text:terms">Terms</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://github.com/site/privacy" class="muted-link alt-text-small" data-ga-click="Footer, go to privacy, text:privacy">Privacy</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://github.com/security" class="muted-link alt-text-small" data-ga-click="Footer, go to security, text:security">Security</a></li>
- <li class="lh-condensed mb-2"><a href="https://services.github.com/" class="muted-link alt-text-small">Training</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-alert" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.865 1.52c-.18-.31-.51-.5-.87-.5s-.69.19-.87.5L.275 13.5c-.18.31-.18.69 0 1 .19.31.52.5.87.5h13.7c.36 0 .69-.19.86-.5.17-.31.18-.69.01-1L8.865 1.52zM8.995 13h-2v-2h2v2zm0-3h-2V6h2v4z"/></svg>
- <button type="button" class="flash-close js-flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-x" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.48 8l3.75 3.75-1.48 1.48L6 9.48l-3.75 3.75-1.48-1.48L4.52 8 .77 4.25l1.48-1.48L6 6.52l3.75-3.75 1.48 1.48z"/></svg>
- </button>
- You can't perform that action at this time.
- </div>
-
-
- <script crossorigin="anonymous" integrity="sha256-ikMY/+oJoM24IUt2zykmufagztMYoxe+1BnbGSFMaQ0=" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/assets/compat-8a4318ffea09a0cdb8214b76cf2926b9f6a0ced318a317bed419db19214c690d.js"></script>
- <script crossorigin="anonymous" integrity="sha256-bRCeda2EcbpBUIJybADDX7kpzquXUIJJKDXxHsqMB9k=" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/assets/frameworks-6d109e75ad8471ba415082726c00c35fb929ceab975082492835f11eca8c07d9.js"></script>
- <script async="async" crossorigin="anonymous" integrity="sha256-qMLRhvYjrQbDLoFSuygdhNLa4rBHTnKmyYtjWbebzUs=" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/assets/github-a8c2d186f623ad06c32e8152bb281d84d2dae2b0474e72a6c98b6359b79bcd4b.js"></script>
-
-
-
-
- <div class="js-stale-session-flash stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner d-none">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-alert" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.865 1.52c-.18-.31-.51-.5-.87-.5s-.69.19-.87.5L.275 13.5c-.18.31-.18.69 0 1 .19.31.52.5.87.5h13.7c.36 0 .69-.19.86-.5.17-.31.18-.69.01-1L8.865 1.52zM8.995 13h-2v-2h2v2zm0-3h-2V6h2v4z"/></svg>
- <span class="signed-in-tab-flash">You signed in with another tab or window. <a href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>
- <span class="signed-out-tab-flash">You signed out in another tab or window. <a href="">Reload</a> to refresh your session.</span>
- </div>
- <div class="facebox" id="facebox" style="display:none;">
- <div class="facebox-popup">
- <div class="facebox-content" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="facebox-header" aria-describedby="facebox-description">
- </div>
- <button type="button" class="facebox-close js-facebox-close" aria-label="Close modal">
- <svg aria-hidden="true" class="octicon octicon-x" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12 16" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.48 8l3.75 3.75-1.48 1.48L6 9.48l-3.75 3.75-1.48-1.48L4.52 8 .77 4.25l1.48-1.48L6 6.52l3.75-3.75 1.48 1.48z"/></svg>
- </button>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-
- </body>
-</html>
diff --git a/bench/w3c_html5.html b/bench/w3c_html5.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 879abdb..0000000
--- a/bench/w3c_html5.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1293 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US-x-Hixie"><meta charset="utf-8"><title>HTML5</title><script src="link-fixup.js"></script><style type="text/css">
-
- .applies thead th > * { display: block; }
- .applies thead code { display: block; }
- .applies tbody th { white-space: nowrap; }
- .applies td { text-align: center; }
- .applies .yes { background: yellow; }
-
- .matrix, .matrix td { border: hidden; text-align: right; }
- .matrix { margin-left: 2em; }
-
- .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; }
- .dice-example caption { width: 30em; font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: left; }
- .dice-example td, .dice-example th { border: solid thin; width: 1.35em; height: 1.05em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }
-
- td.eg { border-width: thin; text-align: center; }
-
- #table-example-1 { border: solid thin; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 3em; }
- #table-example-1 * { font-family: "Essays1743", serif; line-height: 1.01em; }
- #table-example-1 caption { padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
- #table-example-1 thead, #table-example-1 tbody { border: none; }
- #table-example-1 th, #table-example-1 td { border: solid thin; }
- #table-example-1 th { font-weight: normal; }
- #table-example-1 td { border-style: none solid; vertical-align: top; }
- #table-example-1 th { padding: 0.5em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; }
- #table-example-1 tbody tr:first-child td { padding-top: 0.5em; }
- #table-example-1 tbody tr:last-child td { padding-bottom: 1.5em; }
- #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child { padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 0; width: 9em; }
- #table-example-1 tbody td { padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 2em; }
- #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td { width: 10em; }
- #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td ~ td { width: 2.5em; }
- #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td + td + td ~ td { width: 1.25em; }
-
- .apple-table-examples { border: none; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 1.5em 0em; width: 40em; margin-left: 3em; }
- .apple-table-examples * { font-family: "Times", serif; }
- .apple-table-examples td, .apple-table-examples th { border: none; white-space: nowrap; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
- .apple-table-examples tbody th:first-child { border-left: none; width: 100%; }
- .apple-table-examples thead th:first-child ~ th { font-size: smaller; font-weight: bolder; border-bottom: solid 2px; text-align: center; }
- .apple-table-examples tbody th, .apple-table-examples tfoot th { font: inherit; text-align: left; }
- .apple-table-examples td { text-align: right; vertical-align: top; }
- .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: solid 1px; }
- .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody + tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: double 3px; }
- .apple-table-examples.e2 th[scope=row] { padding-left: 1em; }
- .apple-table-examples sup { line-height: 0; }
-
- .details-example img { vertical-align: top; }
-
- #base64-table {
- white-space: nowrap;
- font-size: 0.6em;
- column-width: 6em;
- column-count: 5;
- column-gap: 1em;
- -moz-column-width: 6em;
- -moz-column-count: 5;
- -moz-column-gap: 1em;
- -webkit-column-width: 6em;
- -webkit-column-count: 5;
- -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
- }
- #base64-table thead { display: none; }
- #base64-table * { border: none; }
- #base64-table tbody td:first-child:after { content: ':'; }
- #base64-table tbody td:last-child { text-align: right; }
-
- #named-character-references-table {
- white-space: nowrap;
- font-size: 0.6em;
- column-width: 30em;
- column-gap: 1em;
- -moz-column-width: 30em;
- -moz-column-gap: 1em;
- -webkit-column-width: 30em;
- -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
- }
- #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:first-child + td,
- #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child { text-align: center; }
- #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child:hover > span { position: absolute; top: auto; left: auto; margin-left: 0.5em; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 5em; border: outset; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; background: white; width: 1.25em; height: auto; text-align: center; }
- #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr#entity-CounterClockwiseContourIntegral > td:first-child { font-size: 0.5em; }
-
- .glyph.control { color: red; }
-
- @font-face {
- font-family: 'Essays1743';
- src: url('fonts/Essays1743.ttf');
- }
- @font-face {
- font-family: 'Essays1743';
- font-weight: bold;
- src: url('fonts/Essays1743-Bold.ttf');
- }
- @font-face {
- font-family: 'Essays1743';
- font-style: italic;
- src: url('fonts/Essays1743-Italic.ttf');
- }
- @font-face {
- font-family: 'Essays1743';
- font-style: italic;
- font-weight: bold;
- src: url('fonts/Essays1743-BoldItalic.ttf');
- }
-
- </style><style type="text/css">
- pre { margin-left: 2em; white-space: pre-wrap; }
- h2 { margin: 3em 0 1em 0; }
- h3 { margin: 2.5em 0 1em 0; }
- h4 { margin: 2.5em 0 0.75em 0; }
- h5, h6 { margin: 2.5em 0 1em; }
- h1 + h2, h1 + h2 + h2, h1 + p, h1 + p + h2 { margin: 0.75em 0 0.75em; }
- h2 + h3, h3 + h4, h4 + h5, h5 + h6 { margin-top: 0.5em; }
- p { margin: 1em 0; }
- hr:not(.top) { display: block; background: none; border: none; padding: 0; margin: 2em 0; height: auto; }
- .element dd, .element dl { margin-top: 0em; margin-bottom: 0.25em;}
- dt { margin-top: 0.75em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; clear: left; }
- .element dt { margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
- dt + dt { margin-top: 0; }
- dd dt { margin-top: 0.25em; margin-bottom: 0; }
- dd p { margin-top: 0; }
- dd dl + p { margin-top: 1em; }
- dd table + p { margin-top: 1em; }
- p + * > li, dd li { margin: 1em 0; }
- dt, dfn { font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; }
- i, em { font-style: italic; }
- dt dfn { font-style: italic; }
- pre, code { font-size: inherit; font-family: monospace; font-variant: normal; }
- pre strong { color: black; font: inherit; font-weight: bold; background: yellow; }
- pre em { font-weight: bolder; font-style: normal; }
- @media screen { code { color: #D93B00; } code :link, code :visited { color: inherit; } }
- var { background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #eee; padding: 0 2px; }
- var sub { vertical-align: bottom; font-size: smaller; position: relative; top: 0.1em; }
- table { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden hidden none hidden; }
- table thead, table tbody { border-bottom: solid; }
- table tbody th:first-child { border-left: solid; }
- table tbody th { text-align: left; }
- table td, table th { border-left: solid; border-right: solid; border-bottom: solid thin; vertical-align: top; padding: 0.2em; }
- blockquote { margin: 0 0 0 2em; border: 0; padding: 0; font-style: italic; }
-
- .bad, .bad *:not(.XXX) { color: #5F6D7A; border-color: gray; background: transparent; }
- .matrix, .matrix td { border: none; text-align: right; }
- .matrix { margin-left: 2em; }
- .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; }
- .dice-example caption { width: 30em; font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: left; }
- .dice-example td, .dice-example th { border: solid thin; width: 1.35em; height: 1.05em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }
-
- .toc dfn, h1 dfn, h2 dfn, h3 dfn, h4 dfn, h5 dfn, h6 dfn { font: inherit; }
- img.extra, p.overview { float: right; }
- pre.idl { border: solid thin #d3d3d3; background: #FCFCFC; color: black; padding: 0.5em 1em; position: relative; }
- pre.idl :link, pre.idl :visited { color: inherit; background: transparent; }
- pre.idl::before { content: "IDL"; font: bold small sans-serif; padding: 0.5em; background: white; position: absolute; top: 0; margin: -1px 0 0 -4em; width: 1.5em; border: thin solid; border-radius: 0 0 0 0.5em }
- pre.css { border: solid thin; background: #FFFFEE; color: black; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
- pre.css:first-line { color: #AAAA50; }
- dl.domintro {padding: 0.5em 1em; border: none; background:#E9FBE9; border: 1px solid lightgray; }
- hr + dl.domintro, div.impl + dl.domintro { margin-top: 2.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; }
- dl.domintro dt, dl.domintro dt * { color: black; text-decoration: none; }
- dl.domintro dd { margin: 0.5em 0 1em 2em; padding: 0; }
- dl.domintro dd p { margin: 0.5em 0; }
- dl.domintro:before { display: table; margin: -1em -0.5em -0.5em auto; width: auto; content: 'This definition is non-normative. Implementation requirements are given below this definition.'; color: #606060; border:1px solid lightgray; background: white; padding: 0 0.25em;font-size:.9em;}
- dl.switch { padding-left: 2em; }
- dl.switch > dt { text-indent: -1.5em; }
- dl.switch > dt:before { content: '\21AA'; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0; display: inline-block; width: 1em; text-align: right; line-height: 0.5em; }
- dl.triple { padding: 0 0 0 1em; }
- dl.triple dt, dl.triple dd { margin: 0; display: inline }
- dl.triple dt:after { content: ':'; }
- dl.triple dd:after { content: '\A'; white-space: pre; }
- .diff-old { text-decoration: line-through; color: silver; background: transparent; }
- .diff-chg, .diff-new { text-decoration: underline; color: green; background: transparent; }
- a .diff-new { border-bottom: 1px blue solid; }
-
- figure.diagrams { border: double black; background: white; padding: 1em; }
- figure.diagrams img { display: block; margin: 1em auto; }
-
- h2 { page-break-before: always; }
- h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { page-break-after: avoid; }
- h1 + h2, hr + h2.no-toc { page-break-before: auto; }
-
- p > span:not([title=""]):not([class="XXX"]):not([class="impl"]):not([class="note"]):not([class="t2"]):not([id]):not([lang]),
- li > span:not([title=""]):not([class="XXX"]):not([class="impl"]):not([class="note"]):not([class="t2"]):not([id]):not([lang])
- { border-bottom: solid #9999CC; }
-
- div.head { margin: 0 0 1em; padding: 1em 0 0 0; }
- div.head p { margin: 0; }
- div.head h1 { margin: 0; }
- div.head .logo { float: right; margin: 0 1em; }
- div.head .logo img { border: none } /* remove border from top image */
- div.head dl { margin: 1em 0; }
- div.head p.copyright, div.head p.alt { font-size: x-small; font-style: oblique; margin: 0; }
-
- body > .toc > li { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
- body > .toc.brief > li { margin-top: 0.35em; margin-bottom: 0.35em; }
- body > .toc > li > * { margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
- body > .toc > li > * > li > * { margin-bottom: 0.25em; }
- .toc, .toc li { list-style: none; }
-
- .brief { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; line-height: 1.1; }
- .brief li { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
- .brief li p { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
-
- .category-list { margin-top: -0.75em; margin-bottom: 1em; line-height: 1.5; }
- .category-list::before { content: '\21D2\A0'; font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: 900; }
- .category-list li { display: inline; }
- .category-list li:not(:last-child)::after { content: ', '; }
- .category-list li > span, .category-list li > a { text-transform: lowercase; }
- .category-list li * { text-transform: none; } /* don't affect <code> nested in <a> */
-
- .XXX { color: #E50000; background: white; border: solid red; padding: 0.5em; margin: 1em 0; }
- .XXX > :first-child { margin-top: 0; }
- p .XXX { line-height: 3em; }
- .annotation { border: solid thin black; background: #0C479D; color: white; position: relative; margin: 8px 0 20px 0; }
- .annotation:before { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 6px -6px -6px 6px; background: #333333; z-index: -1; content: ''; }
- .annotation :link, .annotation :visited { color: inherit; }
- .annotation :link:hover, .annotation :visited:hover { background: transparent; }
- .annotation span { border: none ! important; }
- .note { border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.25em; background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #E9FBE9; border-color: #52E052; }
- .warning { background-color: #F9F0D4; border: medium double #FF0000; margin: 1em; padding: 1em; }
- .note em, .warning em, .note i, .warning i { font-style: normal; }
- p.note, div.note { padding: 0.5em 2em; }
- span.note { padding: 0 2em; }
- .note p:first-child, .warning p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
- .note p:last-child, .warning p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
- .warning:before { font-style: normal; }
- p.note:before { content: 'Note: '; font-weight: bolder;}
- p.warning:before { content: '\26A0 Warning! '; font-weight:bolder;}
- .critical {margin:1em; border:double red; padding:1em; background-color:#F9F0D4;}
-
- .bookkeeping:before { display: block; content: 'Bookkeeping details'; font-weight: bolder; font-style: italic; }
- .bookkeeping { font-size: 0.8em; margin: 2em 0; }
- .bookkeeping p { margin: 0.5em 2em; display: list-item; list-style: square; }
- .bookkeeping dt { margin: 0.5em 2em 0; }
- .bookkeeping dd { margin: 0 3em 0.5em; }
-
- h4 { position: relative; z-index: 3; }
- h4 + .element, h4 + div + .element { margin-top: -2.5em; padding-top: 2em; }
- .element {
- background: #F4F4FA;
- color: black;
- margin: 0 0 1em 0.15em;
- padding: 0 1em 0.25em 0.75em;
- border-left: solid #9999FF 0.25em;
- position: relative;
- z-index: 1;
- }
- .element:before {
- position: absolute;
- z-index: 2;
- top: 0;
- left: -1.15em;
- height: 2em;
- width: 0.9em;
- background: #F4F4FA;
- content: ' ';
- border-style: none none solid solid;
- border-color: #9999FF;
- border-width: 0.25em;
- }
-
- .example { display: block; color: #222222; background: #FCFCFC; border-left-style: solid;border-color:#c0c0c0; border-left-width: 0.25em; margin-left: 1em; padding-left: 1em;padding-bottom: 0.5em;}
- div.example:before { content: 'Code Example: '; font-weight: bolder;}
- td > .example:only-child { margin: 0 0 0 0.1em; }
-
- ul.domTree, ul.domTree ul { padding: 0 0 0 1em; margin: 0; }
- ul.domTree li { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; position: relative; }
- ul.domTree li li { list-style: none; }
- ul.domTree li:first-child::before { position: absolute; top: 0; height: 0.6em; left: -0.75em; width: 0.5em; border-style: none none solid solid; content: ''; border-width: 0.1em; }
- ul.domTree li:not(:last-child)::after { position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: -0.6em; left: -0.75em; width: 0.5em; border-style: none none solid solid; content: ''; border-width: 0.1em; }
- ul.domTree span { font-style: italic; font-family: serif; }
- ul.domTree .t1 code { color: purple; font-weight: bold; }
- ul.domTree .t2 { font-style: normal; font-family: monospace; }
- ul.domTree .t2 .name { color: black; font-weight: bold; }
- ul.domTree .t2 .value { color: blue; font-weight: normal; }
- ul.domTree .t3 code, .domTree .t4 code, .domTree .t5 code { color: gray; }
- ul.domTree .t7 code, .domTree .t8 code { color: green; }
- ul.domTree .t10 code { color: teal; }
-
- body.dfnEnabled dfn { cursor: pointer; }
- .dfnPanel {
- display: inline;
- position: absolute;
- z-index: 10;
- height: auto;
- width: auto;
- padding: 0.5em 0.75em;
- font: small sans-serif, Droid Sans Fallback;
- background: #DDDDDD;
- color: black;
- border: outset 0.2em;
- }
- .dfnPanel * { margin: 0; padding: 0; font: inherit; text-indent: 0; }
- .dfnPanel :link, .dfnPanel :visited { color: black; }
- .dfnPanel p { font-weight: bolder; }
- .dfnPanel * + p { margin-top: 0.25em; }
- .dfnPanel li { list-style-position: inside; }
-
- #configUI { position: absolute; z-index: 20; top: 10em; right: 1em; width: 11em; font-size: small; }
- #configUI p { margin: 0.5em 0; padding: 0.3em; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; border: inset thin; }
- #configUI p label { display: block; }
- #configUI #updateUI, #configUI .loginUI { text-align: center; }
- #configUI input[type=button] { display: block; margin: auto; }
-
- fieldset { margin: 1em; padding: 0.5em 1em; }
- fieldset > legend + * { margin-top: 0; }
- fieldset > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
- fieldset p { margin: 0.5em 0; }
- header p.subline {color:#005A9C; font: 140% sans-serif;margin: 0.75em 0;}
- #authorButton {overflow: visible; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; position: fixed; right: 2em; top: 6em; width: auto;}
-
- @media print {#authorButton { display:none;}}
-
- .stability {
- position: fixed;
- bottom: 0;
- left: 0; right: 0;
- margin: 0 auto 0 auto;
- width: 50%;
- background: maroon; color: yellow;
- -webkit-border-radius: 1em 1em 0 0;
- -moz-border-radius: 1em 1em 0 0;
- border-radius: 1em 1em 0 0;
- -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 1em #500;
- -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 1em #500;
- box-shadow: 0 0 1em red;
- padding: 0.5em 1em;
- text-align: center;
- }
- .stability strong {
- display: block;
- }
- .stability input {
- -moz-appearance: none; -webkit-appearance: none; margin: 0;
- border: 0; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; background: transparent; color: black;
- position: absolute; top: -0.5em; right: 0; font: 1.25em sans-serif; text-align: center;
- }
- .stability input:hover {
- color: white;
- text-shadow: 0 0 2px black;
- }
- .stability input:active {
- padding: 0.3em 0.45em 0.2em 0.55em;
- }
- .stability :link, .stability :visited,
- .stability :link:hover, .stability :visited:hover {
- background: transparent;
- color: white;
- }
-
- </style><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-REC" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><script>
- function getCookie(name) {
- var params = location.search.substr(1).split("&");
- for (var index = 0; index < params.length; index++) {
- if (params[index] == name)
- return "1";
- var data = params[index].split("=");
- if (data[0] == name)
- return unescape(data[1]);
- }
- var cookies = document.cookie.split("; ");
- for (var index = 0; index < cookies.length; index++) {
- var data = cookies[index].split("=");
- if (data[0] == name)
- return unescape(data[1]);
- }
- return null;
- }
- </script><!-- style switcher script by Stommepoes --><link href="switcher/author-view.css" id="author-view" rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Author documentation only"><script src="switcher/authorstylesheet.js"></script><body class="split index" onload="fixBrokenLink();"><div class="head" id="head">
-<header><span id="styleSwitch"></span>
- <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>
-
- <h1 id="big-title">HTML5</h1>
- <p class="no-num no-toc subline">A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML</p>
- <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="w3c-recommendation-28-october-2014">W3C Recommendation 28 October 2014</h2>
- </header><dl><dt>This Version:</dt>
- <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-html5-20141028/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-html5-20141028/</a></dd>
- <dt>Latest Published Version:</dt>
- <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/">http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/</a></dd>
- <dt>Latest Version of HTML:</dt>
- <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html/">http://www.w3.org/TR/html/</a></dd>
- <dt>Latest Editor's Draft of HTML:</dt>
- <dd><a class="latest-link" href="http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/master/">http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/master/</a></dd>
-
- <dt>Previous Version:</dt>
- <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/PR-html5-20140916/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/PR-html5-20140916/</a></dd>
- <dt>Previous Recommendation:</dt>
- <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/">http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/</a></dd>
- <dt id="specification-editors">Editors:</dt>
- <dd>WHATWG:</dd>
- <dd><a href="mailto:ian@hixie.ch">Ian Hickson</a>, Google, Inc.</dd>
- <dd>W3C:</dd>
- <dd><a href="http://berjon.com/">Robin Berjon</a>, W3C</dd>
- <dd><a href="mailto:sfaulkner@paciellogroup.com">Steve Faulkner</a>, The Paciello Group</dd>
- <dd><a href="mailto:travil@microsoft.com">Travis Leithead</a>, Microsoft Corporation</dd>
- <dd><a href="mailto:Erika.Doyle@microsoft.com">Erika Doyle Navara</a>, Microsoft Corporation</dd>
- <dd><a href="mailto:eoconnor@apple.com">Edward O'Connor</a>, Apple Inc.</dd>
- <dd><a href="mailto:silviapfeiffer1@gmail.com">Silvia Pfeiffer</a></dd>
- </dl><p>
- Please check the <a href="https://www.w3.org/html/wg/html5-errata"><strong>errata</strong></a>
- for any errors or issues reported since publication.
- </p>
- <p>
- This specification is also available as a <a href="single-page.html">single page HTML</a>
- document. See also
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=html5"><strong>translations</strong></a>.
- </p>
-
- <p class="copyright"><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a>
- © 2014 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide
- Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup> (<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts
- Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr></a>, <a href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><abbr title="European Research
- Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</abbr></a>, <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>
- and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
- use</a> rules apply.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-
- <hr class="top"><h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="abstract">Abstract</h2>
-
- <p>
- This specification defines the 5th major revision of the core language of the World Wide Web:
- the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). In this version, new features are introduced to help Web
- application authors, new elements are introduced based on research into prevailing authoring
- practices, and special attention has been given to defining clear conformance criteria for user
- agents in an effort to improve interoperability.
- </p>
-
- <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="status-of-this-document">Status of This document</h2>
- <p>
- This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other
- documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest
- revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">http://www.w3.org/TR/</a>.
- </p>
- <p>
- The W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/html/wg/">HTML Working Group</a> is the W3C working group
- responsible for this specification's progress. This specification is the 28 October
- 2014 Recommendation.
- </p>
- <p>
- If you wish to make comments regarding this document in a manner that
- is tracked by the W3C, please submit them via our <a href="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/enter_bug.cgi?product=HTML%20WG">our public bug
- database</a> (<a href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/buglist.cgi?bug_status=NEW&amp;bug_status=ASSIGNED&amp;bug_status=REOPENED&amp;component=HTML5%20spec&amp;keywords=CR%2C%20&amp;keywords_type=allwords&amp;known_name=CR&amp;list_id=43956&amp;product=HTML%20WG&amp;query_based_on=CR&amp;query_format=advanced">open bugs</a>).
- If you cannot do this then you can also e-mail feedback to
- <a href="mailto:public-html@w3.org">public-html@w3.org</a>
- (<a href="mailto:public-html-request@w3.org?Subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>,
- <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-html/">archives</a>), and arrangements will
- be made to transpose the comments to our public bug database. All
- feedback is welcome.
- </p>
- <p>
- A comprehensive test suite for this specification is maintained and kept up to date as part of
- the <a href="https://github.com/w3c/web-platform-tests">WebPlatform Tests</a> project.
- Please see the Working Group's <a href="http://w3c.github.io/test-results/html/details.html">implementation
- report</a>.
- </p>
- <p>
- Work on evolutions of this specification proceeds at
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html/">http://www.w3.org/TR/html/</a>. The HTML5 Recommendation
- represents a milestone in the development of HTML but far from being the end of the road and
- improvements are already well under way. It is possible that future versions will no longer be
- published as a monolithic specification but rather as a set of smaller modules. Irrespective of
- whether that is the case or not, <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html/">http://www.w3.org/TR/html/</a>
- will be maintained as the entry point to the entirety of HTML technology.
- </p>
- <p>
- Work on extending this specification typically proceeds through
- <a href="http://www.w3.org/html/wg/wiki/ExtensionSpecifications">extension specifications</a>
- which should be consulted to see what new features are being reviewed.
- </p>
- <p>
- The bulk of the text of this specification is also available in the WHATWG
- <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html">HTML Living
- Standard</a>, under a license that permits reuse of the specification text.
- </p>
- <p>
- This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software developers, and by other W3C groups
- and interested parties, and is endorsed by the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable
- document and may be used as reference material or cited from another document. W3C's role in
- making the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to promote its
- widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and interoperability of the Web.
- </p>
- <p>
- Work on this specification is also done at the <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/">WHATWG</a>. The
- W3C HTML working group actively pursues convergence of the HTML specification with the WHATWG
- living standard, within the bounds of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2013/09/html-charter.html">W3C
- HTML working group charter</a>. There are various ways to follow this work at the WHATWG:
- </p>
- <ul><li>Commit-Watchers mailing list (complete source diffs): <a href="http://lists.whatwg.org/listinfo.cgi/commit-watchers-whatwg.org">http://lists.whatwg.org/listinfo.cgi/commit-watchers-whatwg.org</a></li>
- <li>Annotated summary with unified diffs: <a href="http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker">http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker</a></li>
- <li>Raw Subversion interface: <code>svn checkout http://svn.whatwg.org/webapps/</code></li>
- </ul><p>
- The following editorial changes were made since Proposed Recommendation:
- </p>
- <ul><li>The manner in which updates to this specification will be published was clarified.</li>
- <li>The IANA registration for <code><a href="iana.html#application/xhtml+xml">application/xhtml+xml</a></code> was accepted during PR, leading to a small update to the corresponding section.</li>
- <li>"Decoder error" was mistakenly listed as a URL-related definition when
- it is in fact Encoding-related</li>
- <li>"Parsed URL" has been given a proper mapping to the URL specification</li>
- <li>Improved the informative summary for several elements. (Mostly pointers to tag omission and ARIA rules.)</li>
- <li>Updated a few references to documents that have seen new revisions (RFC4281, RFC2313, RFC3490, MPEG-DASH) and provided a more stable link to BECSS.</li>
- <li>Added a note about and made some modifications to the URL reference.</li>
- <li>A number of small styling tweaks were made and typos were fixed.</li>
- </ul><!-- required patent boilerplate --><p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5
- February 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/40318/status" rel="disclosure">public list of
- any patent disclosures</a> made in connection with the deliverables
- of the group; that page also includes instructions for disclosing a
- patent. An individual who has actual knowledge of a patent which the
- individual believes contains <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
- Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
- 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.</p>
-
- <p>
- This document is governed by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/10/Process-20051014/" id="w3c_process_revision">14 October 2005 W3C Process Document</a>.
- </p>
-
-
- <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="contents">Table of Contents</h2>
-
-<!--begin-toc-->
-<ul class="toc"><li><a href="introduction.html#introduction"><span class="secno">1 </span>Introduction</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="introduction.html#background"><span class="secno">1.1 </span>Background</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#audience"><span class="secno">1.2 </span>Audience</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#scope"><span class="secno">1.3 </span>Scope</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#history-0"><span class="secno">1.4 </span>History</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#design-notes"><span class="secno">1.5 </span>Design notes</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="introduction.html#serializability-of-script-execution"><span class="secno">1.5.1 </span>Serializability of script execution</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#compliance-with-other-specifications"><span class="secno">1.5.2 </span>Compliance with other specifications</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#extensibility"><span class="secno">1.5.3 </span>Extensibility</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#html-vs-xhtml"><span class="secno">1.6 </span>HTML vs XHTML</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#structure-of-this-specification"><span class="secno">1.7 </span>Structure of this specification</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="introduction.html#how-to-read-this-specification"><span class="secno">1.7.1 </span>How to read this specification</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#typographic-conventions"><span class="secno">1.7.2 </span>Typographic conventions</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#fingerprint"><span class="secno">1.8 </span>Privacy concerns</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#a-quick-introduction-to-html"><span class="secno">1.9 </span>A quick introduction to HTML</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="introduction.html#writing-secure-applications-with-html"><span class="secno">1.9.1 </span>Writing secure applications with HTML</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#common-pitfalls-to-avoid-when-using-the-scripting-apis"><span class="secno">1.9.2 </span>Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#how-to-catch-mistakes-when-writing-html:-validators-and-conformance-checkers"><span class="secno">1.9.3 </span>How to catch mistakes when writing HTML: validators and conformance checkers</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#conformance-requirements-for-authors"><span class="secno">1.10 </span>Conformance requirements for authors</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="introduction.html#presentational-markup"><span class="secno">1.10.1 </span>Presentational markup</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#syntax-errors"><span class="secno">1.10.2 </span>Syntax errors</a></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#restrictions-on-content-models-and-on-attribute-values"><span class="secno">1.10.3 </span>Restrictions on content models and on attribute values</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="introduction.html#suggested-reading"><span class="secno">1.11 </span>Suggested reading</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#infrastructure"><span class="secno">2 </span>Common infrastructure</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="infrastructure.html#terminology"><span class="secno">2.1 </span>Terminology</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="infrastructure.html#resources"><span class="secno">2.1.1 </span>Resources</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#xml"><span class="secno">2.1.2 </span>XML</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#dom-trees"><span class="secno">2.1.3 </span>DOM trees</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#scripting-0"><span class="secno">2.1.4 </span>Scripting</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#plugins"><span class="secno">2.1.5 </span>Plugins</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#encoding-terminology"><span class="secno">2.1.6 </span>Character encodings</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#conformance-requirements"><span class="secno">2.2 </span>Conformance requirements</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="infrastructure.html#conformance-classes"><span class="secno">2.2.1 </span>Conformance classes</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#dependencies"><span class="secno">2.2.2 </span>Dependencies</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#extensibility-0"><span class="secno">2.2.3 </span>Extensibility</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#interactions-with-xpath-and-xslt"><span class="secno">2.2.4 </span>Interactions with XPath and XSLT</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitivity-and-string-comparison"><span class="secno">2.3 </span>Case-sensitivity and string comparison</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#common-microsyntaxes"><span class="secno">2.4 </span>Common microsyntaxes</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="infrastructure.html#common-parser-idioms"><span class="secno">2.4.1 </span>Common parser idioms</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#boolean-attributes"><span class="secno">2.4.2 </span>Boolean attributes</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#keywords-and-enumerated-attributes"><span class="secno">2.4.3 </span>Keywords and enumerated attributes</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#numbers"><span class="secno">2.4.4 </span>Numbers</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="infrastructure.html#signed-integers"><span class="secno">2.4.4.1 </span>Signed integers</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#non-negative-integers"><span class="secno">2.4.4.2 </span>Non-negative integers</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#floating-point-numbers"><span class="secno">2.4.4.3 </span>Floating-point numbers</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#percentages-and-dimensions"><span class="secno">2.4.4.4 </span>Percentages and lengths</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#lists-of-integers"><span class="secno">2.4.4.5 </span>Lists of integers</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#lists-of-dimensions"><span class="secno">2.4.4.6 </span>Lists of dimensions</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#dates-and-times"><span class="secno">2.4.5 </span>Dates and times</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="infrastructure.html#months"><span class="secno">2.4.5.1 </span>Months</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#dates"><span class="secno">2.4.5.2 </span>Dates</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#yearless-dates"><span class="secno">2.4.5.3 </span>Yearless dates</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#times"><span class="secno">2.4.5.4 </span>Times</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#floating-dates-and-times"><span class="secno">2.4.5.5 </span>Floating dates and times</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#time-zones"><span class="secno">2.4.5.6 </span>Time zones</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#global-dates-and-times"><span class="secno">2.4.5.7 </span>Global dates and times</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#weeks"><span class="secno">2.4.5.8 </span>Weeks</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#durations"><span class="secno">2.4.5.9 </span>Durations</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#vaguer-moments-in-time"><span class="secno">2.4.5.10 </span>Vaguer moments in time</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#colors"><span class="secno">2.4.6 </span>Colors</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#space-separated-tokens"><span class="secno">2.4.7 </span>Space-separated tokens</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#comma-separated-tokens"><span class="secno">2.4.8 </span>Comma-separated tokens</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#syntax-references"><span class="secno">2.4.9 </span>References</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#mq"><span class="secno">2.4.10 </span>Media queries</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#urls"><span class="secno">2.5 </span>URLs</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="infrastructure.html#terminology-0"><span class="secno">2.5.1 </span>Terminology</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#resolving-urls"><span class="secno">2.5.2 </span>Resolving URLs</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#dynamic-changes-to-base-urls"><span class="secno">2.5.3 </span>Dynamic changes to base URLs</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#fetching-resources"><span class="secno">2.6 </span>Fetching resources</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="infrastructure.html#terminology-1"><span class="secno">2.6.1 </span>Terminology</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#processing-model"><span class="secno">2.6.2 </span>Processing model</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#encrypted-http-and-related-security-concerns"><span class="secno">2.6.3 </span>Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#content-type-sniffing"><span class="secno">2.6.4 </span>Determining the type of a resource</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#extracting-character-encodings-from-meta-elements"><span class="secno">2.6.5 </span>Extracting character encodings from <code>meta</code> elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#cors-settings-attributes"><span class="secno">2.6.6 </span>CORS settings attributes</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#cors-enabled-fetch"><span class="secno">2.6.7 </span>CORS-enabled fetch</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#common-dom-interfaces"><span class="secno">2.7 </span>Common DOM interfaces</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="infrastructure.html#reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes"><span class="secno">2.7.1 </span>Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#collections"><span class="secno">2.7.2 </span>Collections</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="infrastructure.html#htmlallcollection"><span class="secno">2.7.2.1 </span>HTMLAllCollection</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#htmlformcontrolscollection"><span class="secno">2.7.2.2 </span>HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#htmloptionscollection"><span class="secno">2.7.2.3 </span>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#domstringmap"><span class="secno">2.7.3 </span>DOMStringMap</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#transferable-objects"><span class="secno">2.7.4 </span>Transferable objects</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#safe-passing-of-structured-data"><span class="secno">2.7.5 </span>Safe passing of structured data</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#callbacks"><span class="secno">2.7.6 </span>Callbacks</a></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#garbage-collection"><span class="secno">2.7.7 </span>Garbage collection</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="infrastructure.html#namespaces"><span class="secno">2.8 </span>Namespaces</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#dom"><span class="secno">3 </span>Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="dom.html#documents"><span class="secno">3.1 </span>Documents</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="dom.html#the-document-object"><span class="secno">3.1.1 </span>The <code>Document</code> object</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#resource-metadata-management"><span class="secno">3.1.2 </span>Resource metadata management</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#dom-tree-accessors"><span class="secno">3.1.3 </span>DOM tree accessors</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#elements"><span class="secno">3.2 </span>Elements</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="dom.html#semantics-0"><span class="secno">3.2.1 </span>Semantics</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#elements-in-the-dom"><span class="secno">3.2.2 </span>Elements in the DOM</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#element-definitions"><span class="secno">3.2.3 </span>Element definitions</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="dom.html#attributes"><span class="secno">3.2.3.1 </span>Attributes</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#content-models"><span class="secno">3.2.4 </span>Content models</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="dom.html#kinds-of-content"><span class="secno">3.2.4.1 </span>Kinds of content</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="dom.html#metadata-content"><span class="secno">3.2.4.1.1 </span>Metadata content</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#flow-content"><span class="secno">3.2.4.1.2 </span>Flow content</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#sectioning-content"><span class="secno">3.2.4.1.3 </span>Sectioning content</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#heading-content"><span class="secno">3.2.4.1.4 </span>Heading content</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#phrasing-content"><span class="secno">3.2.4.1.5 </span>Phrasing content</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#embedded-content"><span class="secno">3.2.4.1.6 </span>Embedded content</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#interactive-content"><span class="secno">3.2.4.1.7 </span>Interactive content</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#palpable-content"><span class="secno">3.2.4.1.8 </span>Palpable content</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#script-supporting-elements"><span class="secno">3.2.4.1.9 </span>Script-supporting elements</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#transparent-content-models"><span class="secno">3.2.4.2 </span>Transparent content models</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#paragraphs"><span class="secno">3.2.4.3 </span>Paragraphs</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#global-attributes"><span class="secno">3.2.5 </span>Global attributes</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="dom.html#the-id-attribute"><span class="secno">3.2.5.1 </span>The <code>id</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#the-title-attribute"><span class="secno">3.2.5.2 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-title">title</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes"><span class="secno">3.2.5.3 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-lang">lang</code> and <code data-anolis-xref="attr-xml-lang">xml:lang</code> attributes</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#the-translate-attribute"><span class="secno">3.2.5.4 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-translate">translate</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)"><span class="secno">3.2.5.5 </span>The <code>xml:base</code> attribute (XML only)</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#the-dir-attribute"><span class="secno">3.2.5.6 </span>The <code>dir</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#classes"><span class="secno">3.2.5.7 </span>The <code>class</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#the-style-attribute"><span class="secno">3.2.5.8 </span>The <code>style</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#embedding-custom-non-visible-data-with-the-data-*-attributes"><span class="secno">3.2.5.9 </span>Embedding custom non-visible data with the <code data-anolis-xref="attr-data-*">data-*</code> attributes</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#requirements-relating-to-the-bidirectional-algorithm"><span class="secno">3.2.6 </span>Requirements relating to the bidirectional algorithm</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="dom.html#authoring-conformance-criteria-for-bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-characters"><span class="secno">3.2.6.1 </span>Authoring conformance criteria for bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#user-agent-conformance-criteria"><span class="secno">3.2.6.2 </span>User agent conformance criteria</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#wai-aria"><span class="secno">3.2.7 </span>WAI-ARIA</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="dom.html#aria-role-attribute"><span class="secno">3.2.7.1 </span>ARIA Role Attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#state-and-property-attributes"><span class="secno">3.2.7.2 </span>State and Property Attributes</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#sec-strong-native-semantics"><span class="secno">3.2.7.3 </span>Strong Native Semantics</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#sec-implicit-aria-semantics"><span class="secno">3.2.7.4 </span>Implicit ARIA Semantics</a></li>
- <li><a href="dom.html#allowed-aria-roles,-states-and-properties"><span class="secno">3.2.7.5 </span>Allowed ARIA roles, states and properties</a></ul></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="semantics.html#semantics"><span class="secno">4 </span>The elements of HTML</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="semantics.html#the-root-element"><span class="secno">4.1 </span>The root element</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element"><span class="secno">4.1.1 </span>The <code>html</code> element</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="document-metadata.html#document-metadata"><span class="secno">4.2 </span>Document metadata</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="document-metadata.html#the-head-element"><span class="secno">4.2.1 </span>The <code>head</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="document-metadata.html#the-title-element"><span class="secno">4.2.2 </span>The <code>title</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="document-metadata.html#the-base-element"><span class="secno">4.2.3 </span>The <code>base</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="document-metadata.html#the-link-element"><span class="secno">4.2.4 </span>The <code>link</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="document-metadata.html#the-meta-element"><span class="secno">4.2.5 </span>The <code>meta</code> element</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="document-metadata.html#standard-metadata-names"><span class="secno">4.2.5.1 </span>Standard metadata names</a></li>
- <li><a href="document-metadata.html#other-metadata-names"><span class="secno">4.2.5.2 </span>Other metadata names</a></li>
- <li><a href="document-metadata.html#pragma-directives"><span class="secno">4.2.5.3 </span>Pragma directives</a></li>
- <li><a href="document-metadata.html#other-pragma-directives"><span class="secno">4.2.5.4 </span>Other pragma directives</a></li>
- <li><a href="document-metadata.html#charset"><span class="secno">4.2.5.5 </span>Specifying the document's character encoding</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="document-metadata.html#the-style-element"><span class="secno">4.2.6 </span>The <code>style</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="document-metadata.html#styling"><span class="secno">4.2.7 </span>Styling</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="sections.html#sections"><span class="secno">4.3 </span>Sections</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="sections.html#the-body-element"><span class="secno">4.3.1 </span>The <code>body</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="sections.html#the-article-element"><span class="secno">4.3.2 </span>The <code>article</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="sections.html#the-section-element"><span class="secno">4.3.3 </span>The <code>section</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="sections.html#the-nav-element"><span class="secno">4.3.4 </span>The <code>nav</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="sections.html#the-aside-element"><span class="secno">4.3.5 </span>The <code>aside</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="sections.html#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements"><span class="secno">4.3.6 </span>The <code>h1</code>, <code>h2</code>, <code>h3</code>, <code>h4</code>, <code>h5</code>, and
- <code>h6</code> elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="sections.html#the-header-element"><span class="secno">4.3.7 </span>The <code>header</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="sections.html#the-footer-element"><span class="secno">4.3.8 </span>The <code>footer</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="sections.html#the-address-element"><span class="secno">4.3.9 </span>The <code>address</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="sections.html#headings-and-sections"><span class="secno">4.3.10 </span>Headings and sections</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="sections.html#outlines"><span class="secno">4.3.10.1 </span>Creating an outline</a></li>
- <li><a href="sections.html#sample-outlines"><span class="secno">4.3.10.2 </span>Sample outlines</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="sections.html#usage-summary-0"><span class="secno">4.3.11 </span>Usage summary</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="sections.html#article-or-section?"><span class="secno">4.3.11.1 </span>Article or section?</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#grouping-content"><span class="secno">4.4 </span>Grouping content</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-p-element"><span class="secno">4.4.1 </span>The <code>p</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-hr-element"><span class="secno">4.4.2 </span>The <code>hr</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-pre-element"><span class="secno">4.4.3 </span>The <code>pre</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-blockquote-element"><span class="secno">4.4.4 </span>The <code>blockquote</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-ol-element"><span class="secno">4.4.5 </span>The <code>ol</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-ul-element"><span class="secno">4.4.6 </span>The <code>ul</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-li-element"><span class="secno">4.4.7 </span>The <code>li</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-dl-element"><span class="secno">4.4.8 </span>The <code>dl</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-dt-element"><span class="secno">4.4.9 </span>The <code>dt</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-dd-element"><span class="secno">4.4.10 </span>The <code>dd</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-figure-element"><span class="secno">4.4.11 </span>The <code>figure</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-figcaption-element"><span class="secno">4.4.12 </span>The <code>figcaption</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-div-element"><span class="secno">4.4.13 </span>The <code>div</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="grouping-content.html#the-main-element"><span class="secno">4.4.14 </span>The <code>main</code> element</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#text-level-semantics"><span class="secno">4.5 </span>Text-level semantics</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element"><span class="secno">4.5.1 </span>The <code>a</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-em-element"><span class="secno">4.5.2 </span>The <code>em</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-strong-element"><span class="secno">4.5.3 </span>The <code>strong</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element"><span class="secno">4.5.4 </span>The <code>small</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-s-element"><span class="secno">4.5.5 </span>The <code>s</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-cite-element"><span class="secno">4.5.6 </span>The <code>cite</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-q-element"><span class="secno">4.5.7 </span>The <code>q</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-dfn-element"><span class="secno">4.5.8 </span>The <code>dfn</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-abbr-element"><span class="secno">4.5.9 </span>The <code>abbr</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-data-element"><span class="secno">4.5.10 </span>The <code>data</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-time-element"><span class="secno">4.5.11 </span>The <code>time</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-code-element"><span class="secno">4.5.12 </span>The <code>code</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-var-element"><span class="secno">4.5.13 </span>The <code>var</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-samp-element"><span class="secno">4.5.14 </span>The <code>samp</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-kbd-element"><span class="secno">4.5.15 </span>The <code>kbd</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-sub-and-sup-elements"><span class="secno">4.5.16 </span>The <code>sub</code> and <code>sup</code> elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element"><span class="secno">4.5.17 </span>The <code>i</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element"><span class="secno">4.5.18 </span>The <code>b</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-u-element"><span class="secno">4.5.19 </span>The <code>u</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-mark-element"><span class="secno">4.5.20 </span>The <code>mark</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element"><span class="secno">4.5.21 </span>The <code>ruby</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rb-element"><span class="secno">4.5.22 </span>The <code>rb</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element"><span class="secno">4.5.23 </span>The <code>rt</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rtc-element"><span class="secno">4.5.24 </span>The <code>rtc</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element"><span class="secno">4.5.25 </span>The <code>rp</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-bdi-element"><span class="secno">4.5.26 </span>The <code>bdi</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-bdo-element"><span class="secno">4.5.27 </span>The <code>bdo</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-span-element"><span class="secno">4.5.28 </span>The <code>span</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-br-element"><span class="secno">4.5.29 </span>The <code>br</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-wbr-element"><span class="secno">4.5.30 </span>The <code>wbr</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="text-level-semantics.html#usage-summary"><span class="secno">4.5.31 </span>Usage summary</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="edits.html#edits"><span class="secno">4.6 </span>Edits</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="edits.html#the-ins-element"><span class="secno">4.6.1 </span>The <code>ins</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="edits.html#the-del-element"><span class="secno">4.6.2 </span>The <code>del</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="edits.html#attributes-common-to-ins-and-del-elements"><span class="secno">4.6.3 </span>Attributes common to <code>ins</code> and <code>del</code> elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="edits.html#edits-and-paragraphs"><span class="secno">4.6.4 </span>Edits and paragraphs</a></li>
- <li><a href="edits.html#edits-and-lists"><span class="secno">4.6.5 </span>Edits and lists</a></li>
- <li><a href="edits.html#edits-and-tables"><span class="secno">4.6.6 </span>Edits and tables</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#embedded-content-0"><span class="secno">4.7 </span>Embedded content</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-img-element"><span class="secno">4.7.1 </span>The <code>img</code> element</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#alt"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1 </span>Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#examples-of-scenarios-where-users-benefit-from-text-alternatives-for-images"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.1 </span>Examples of scenarios where users benefit from text alternatives for images</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#general-guidelines"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.2 </span>General guidelines</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#a-link-or-button-containing-nothing-but-an-image"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.3 </span>A link or button containing nothing but an image</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#graphical-representations:-charts,-diagrams,-graphs,-maps,-illustrations"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.4 </span>Graphical Representations: Charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#images-of-text"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.5 </span>Images of text</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#images-that-include-text"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.6 </span>Images that include text</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#images-that-enhance-the-themes-or-subject-matter-of-the-page-content"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.7 </span>Images that enhance the themes or subject matter of the page content</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#a-graphical-representation-of-some-of-the-surrounding-text"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.8 </span>A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#a-purely-decorative-image-that-doesn't-add-any-information"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.9 </span>A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#inline"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.10 </span>Inline images</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-no-links"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.11 </span>A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#image-maps-0"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.12 </span>Image maps</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-links"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.13 </span>A group of images that form a single larger picture with links</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#images-of-pictures"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.14 </span>Images of Pictures</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#webcam-images"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.15 </span>Webcam images</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#when-a-text-alternative-is-not-available-at-the-time-of-publication"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.16 </span>When a text alternative is not available at the time of publication</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#an-image-not-intended-for-the-user"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.17 </span>An image not intended for the user</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#icon-images"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.18 </span>Icon Images</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#logos,-insignia,-flags,-or-emblems"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.19 </span>Logos, insignia, flags, or emblems</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#captcha-images"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.20 </span>CAPTCHA Images</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#guidance-for-markup-generators"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.21 </span>Guidance for markup generators</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#guidance-for-conformance-checkers"><span class="secno">4.7.1.1.22 </span>Guidance for conformance checkers</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-iframe-element"><span class="secno">4.7.2 </span>The <code>iframe</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-embed-element"><span class="secno">4.7.3 </span>The <code>embed</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-object-element"><span class="secno">4.7.4 </span>The <code>object</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-param-element"><span class="secno">4.7.5 </span>The <code>param</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-video-element"><span class="secno">4.7.6 </span>The <code>video</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-audio-element"><span class="secno">4.7.7 </span>The <code>audio</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-source-element"><span class="secno">4.7.8 </span>The <code>source</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-track-element"><span class="secno">4.7.9 </span>The <code>track</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#media-elements"><span class="secno">4.7.10 </span>Media elements</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#error-codes"><span class="secno">4.7.10.1 </span>Error codes</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#location-of-the-media-resource"><span class="secno">4.7.10.2 </span>Location of the media resource</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#mime-types"><span class="secno">4.7.10.3 </span>MIME types</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#network-states"><span class="secno">4.7.10.4 </span>Network states</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#loading-the-media-resource"><span class="secno">4.7.10.5 </span>Loading the media resource</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#offsets-into-the-media-resource"><span class="secno">4.7.10.6 </span>Offsets into the media resource</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#ready-states"><span class="secno">4.7.10.7 </span>Ready states</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#playing-the-media-resource"><span class="secno">4.7.10.8 </span>Playing the media resource</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#seeking"><span class="secno">4.7.10.9 </span>Seeking</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#media-resources-with-multiple-media-tracks"><span class="secno">4.7.10.10 </span>Media resources with multiple media tracks</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#audiotracklist-and-videotracklist-objects"><span class="secno">4.7.10.10.1 </span><code>AudioTrackList</code> and <code>VideoTrackList</code> objects</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#selecting-specific-audio-and-video-tracks-declaratively"><span class="secno">4.7.10.10.2 </span>Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#synchronising-multiple-media-elements"><span class="secno">4.7.10.11 </span>Synchronising multiple media elements</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#introduction-0"><span class="secno">4.7.10.11.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#media-controllers"><span class="secno">4.7.10.11.2 </span>Media controllers</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#assigning-a-media-controller-declaratively"><span class="secno">4.7.10.11.3 </span>Assigning a media controller declaratively</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#timed-text-tracks"><span class="secno">4.7.10.12 </span>Timed text tracks</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#text-track-model"><span class="secno">4.7.10.12.1 </span>Text track model</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#sourcing-in-band-text-tracks"><span class="secno">4.7.10.12.2 </span>Sourcing in-band text tracks</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#sourcing-out-of-band-text-tracks"><span class="secno">4.7.10.12.3 </span>Sourcing out-of-band text tracks</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#guidelines-for-exposing-cues-in-various-formats-as-text-track-cues"><span class="secno">4.7.10.12.4 </span>Guidelines for exposing cues in various formats as <span data-anolis-xref="text track
- cue">text track cues</span></a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#text-track-api"><span class="secno">4.7.10.12.5 </span>Text track API</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#text-tracks-describing-chapters"><span class="secno">4.7.10.12.6 </span>Text tracks describing chapters</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#cue-events"><span class="secno">4.7.10.12.7 </span>Event definitions</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#user-interface"><span class="secno">4.7.10.13 </span>User interface</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#time-ranges"><span class="secno">4.7.10.14 </span>Time ranges</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#event-definitions"><span class="secno">4.7.10.15 </span>Event definitions</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#mediaevents"><span class="secno">4.7.10.16 </span>Event summary</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#security-and-privacy-considerations"><span class="secno">4.7.10.17 </span>Security and privacy considerations</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#best-practices-for-authors-using-media-elements"><span class="secno">4.7.10.18 </span>Best practices for authors using media elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#best-practices-for-implementors-of-media-elements"><span class="secno">4.7.10.19 </span>Best practices for implementors of media elements</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-map-element"><span class="secno">4.7.11 </span>The <code>map</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#the-area-element"><span class="secno">4.7.12 </span>The <code>area</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#image-maps"><span class="secno">4.7.13 </span>Image maps</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#authoring"><span class="secno">4.7.13.1 </span>Authoring</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#processing-model-0"><span class="secno">4.7.13.2 </span>Processing model</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#mathml"><span class="secno">4.7.14 </span>MathML</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#svg"><span class="secno">4.7.15 </span>SVG</a></li>
- <li><a href="embedded-content-0.html#dimension-attributes"><span class="secno">4.7.16 </span>Dimension attributes</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#links"><span class="secno">4.8 </span>Links</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="links.html#links-created-by-a-and-area-elements"><span class="secno">4.8.1 </span>Links created by <code>a</code> and <code>area</code> elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#following-hyperlinks-0"><span class="secno">4.8.2 </span>Following hyperlinks</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#downloading-resources"><span class="secno">4.8.3 </span>Downloading resources</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#linkTypes"><span class="secno">4.8.4 </span>Link types</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="links.html#rel-alternate"><span class="secno">4.8.4.1 </span>Link type "<code>alternate</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#link-type-author"><span class="secno">4.8.4.2 </span>Link type "<code>author</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#link-type-bookmark"><span class="secno">4.8.4.3 </span>Link type "<code>bookmark</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#link-type-help"><span class="secno">4.8.4.4 </span>Link type "<code>help</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#rel-icon"><span class="secno">4.8.4.5 </span>Link type "<code>icon</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#link-type-license"><span class="secno">4.8.4.6 </span>Link type "<code>license</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#link-type-nofollow"><span class="secno">4.8.4.7 </span>Link type "<code>nofollow</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#link-type-noreferrer"><span class="secno">4.8.4.8 </span>Link type "<code>noreferrer</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#link-type-prefetch"><span class="secno">4.8.4.9 </span>Link type "<code>prefetch</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#link-type-search"><span class="secno">4.8.4.10 </span>Link type "<code>search</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#link-type-stylesheet"><span class="secno">4.8.4.11 </span>Link type "<code>stylesheet</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#link-type-tag"><span class="secno">4.8.4.12 </span>Link type "<code>tag</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#sequential-link-types"><span class="secno">4.8.4.13 </span>Sequential link types</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="links.html#link-type-next"><span class="secno">4.8.4.13.1 </span>Link type "<code>next</code>"</a></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#link-type-prev"><span class="secno">4.8.4.13.2 </span>Link type "<code>prev</code>"</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="links.html#other-link-types"><span class="secno">4.8.4.14 </span>Other link types</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#tabular-data"><span class="secno">4.9 </span>Tabular data</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element"><span class="secno">4.9.1 </span>The <code>table</code> element</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="tabular-data.html#table-descriptions-techniques"><span class="secno">4.9.1.1 </span>Techniques for describing tables</a></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#table-layout-techniques"><span class="secno">4.9.1.2 </span>Techniques for table design</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element"><span class="secno">4.9.2 </span>The <code>caption</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element"><span class="secno">4.9.3 </span>The <code>colgroup</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element"><span class="secno">4.9.4 </span>The <code>col</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element"><span class="secno">4.9.5 </span>The <code>tbody</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element"><span class="secno">4.9.6 </span>The <code>thead</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element"><span class="secno">4.9.7 </span>The <code>tfoot</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element"><span class="secno">4.9.8 </span>The <code>tr</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element"><span class="secno">4.9.9 </span>The <code>td</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element"><span class="secno">4.9.10 </span>The <code>th</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#attributes-common-to-td-and-th-elements"><span class="secno">4.9.11 </span>Attributes common to <code>td</code> and <code>th</code> elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#processing-model-1"><span class="secno">4.9.12 </span>Processing model</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="tabular-data.html#forming-a-table"><span class="secno">4.9.12.1 </span>Forming a table</a></li>
- <li><a href="tabular-data.html#header-and-data-cell-semantics"><span class="secno">4.9.12.2 </span>Forming relationships between data cells and header cells</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#forms"><span class="secno">4.10 </span>Forms</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="forms.html#introduction-1"><span class="secno">4.10.1 </span>Introduction</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="forms.html#writing-a-form's-user-interface"><span class="secno">4.10.1.1 </span>Writing a form's user interface</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#implementing-the-server-side-processing-for-a-form"><span class="secno">4.10.1.2 </span>Implementing the server-side processing for a form</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#configuring-a-form-to-communicate-with-a-server"><span class="secno">4.10.1.3 </span>Configuring a form to communicate with a server</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#client-side-form-validation"><span class="secno">4.10.1.4 </span>Client-side form validation</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#input-author-notes"><span class="secno">4.10.1.5 </span>Date, time, and number formats</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#categories"><span class="secno">4.10.2 </span>Categories</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-form-element"><span class="secno">4.10.3 </span>The <code>form</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-label-element"><span class="secno">4.10.4 </span>The <code>label</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-input-element"><span class="secno">4.10.5 </span>The <code>input</code> element</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="forms.html#states-of-the-type-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1 </span>States of the <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-type">type</code> attribute</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="forms.html#hidden-state-(type=hidden)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.1 </span>Hidden state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=hidden</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.2 </span>Text (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=text</code>) state and Search state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=search</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#telephone-state-(type=tel)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.3 </span>Telephone state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=tel</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#url-state-(type=url)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.4 </span>URL state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=url</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#e-mail-state-(type=email)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.5 </span>E-mail state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=email</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#password-state-(type=password)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.6 </span>Password state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=password</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#date-state-(type=date)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.7 </span>Date state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=date</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#time-state-(type=time)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.8 </span>Time state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=time</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#number-state-(type=number)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.9 </span>Number state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=number</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#range-state-(type=range)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.10 </span>Range state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=range</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#color-state-(type=color)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.11 </span>Color state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=color</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.12 </span>Checkbox state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=checkbox</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#radio-button-state-(type=radio)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.13 </span>Radio Button state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=radio</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#file-upload-state-(type=file)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.14 </span>File Upload state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=file</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#submit-button-state-(type=submit)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.15 </span>Submit Button state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=submit</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#image-button-state-(type=image)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.16 </span>Image Button state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=image</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#reset-button-state-(type=reset)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.17 </span>Reset Button state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=reset</code>)</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#button-state-(type=button)"><span class="secno">4.10.5.1.18 </span>Button state (<code data-anolis-xref="">type=button</code>)</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#input-impl-notes"><span class="secno">4.10.5.2 </span>Implemention notes regarding localization of form controls</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#common-input-element-attributes"><span class="secno">4.10.5.3 </span>Common <code>input</code> element attributes</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="forms.html#the-maxlength-and-minlength-attributes"><span class="secno">4.10.5.3.1 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-maxlength">maxlength</code> and <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-minlength">minlength</code> attributes</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-size-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.5.3.2 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-size">size</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-readonly-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.5.3.3 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-readonly">readonly</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-required-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.5.3.4 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-required">required</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-multiple-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.5.3.5 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-multiple">multiple</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-pattern-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.5.3.6 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-pattern">pattern</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-min-and-max-attributes"><span class="secno">4.10.5.3.7 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-min">min</code> and <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-max">max</code> attributes</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-step-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.5.3.8 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-step">step</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-list-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.5.3.9 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-list">list</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-placeholder-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.5.3.10 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-input-placeholder">placeholder</code> attribute</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#common-input-element-apis"><span class="secno">4.10.5.4 </span>Common <code>input</code> element APIs</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#common-input-element-events"><span class="secno">4.10.5.5 </span>Common event behaviors</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-button-element"><span class="secno">4.10.6 </span>The <code>button</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-select-element"><span class="secno">4.10.7 </span>The <code>select</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-datalist-element"><span class="secno">4.10.8 </span>The <code>datalist</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element"><span class="secno">4.10.9 </span>The <code>optgroup</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-option-element"><span class="secno">4.10.10 </span>The <code>option</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element"><span class="secno">4.10.11 </span>The <code>textarea</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-keygen-element"><span class="secno">4.10.12 </span>The <code>keygen</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-output-element"><span class="secno">4.10.13 </span>The <code>output</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-progress-element"><span class="secno">4.10.14 </span>The <code>progress</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-meter-element"><span class="secno">4.10.15 </span>The <code>meter</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element"><span class="secno">4.10.16 </span>The <code>fieldset</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-legend-element"><span class="secno">4.10.17 </span>The <code>legend</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#form-control-infrastructure"><span class="secno">4.10.18 </span>Form control infrastructure</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="forms.html#a-form-control's-value"><span class="secno">4.10.18.1 </span>A form control's value</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#mutability"><span class="secno">4.10.18.2 </span>Mutability</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#association-of-controls-and-forms"><span class="secno">4.10.18.3 </span>Association of controls and forms</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#attributes-common-to-form-controls"><span class="secno">4.10.19 </span>Attributes common to form controls</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="forms.html#naming-form-controls:-the-name-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.19.1 </span>Naming form controls: the <code data-anolis-xref="attr-fe-name">name</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#submitting-element-directionality:-the-dirname-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.19.2 </span>Submitting element directionality: the <code data-anolis-xref="attr-fe-dirname">dirname</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#limiting-user-input-length:-the-maxlength-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.19.3 </span>Limiting user input length: the <code data-anolis-xref="attr-fe-maxlength">maxlength</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#setting-minimum-input-length-requirements:-the-minlength-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.19.4 </span>Setting minimum input length requirements: the <code data-anolis-xref="attr-fe-minlength">minlength</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#enabling-and-disabling-form-controls:-the-disabled-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.19.5 </span>Enabling and disabling form controls: the <code data-anolis-xref="attr-fe-disabled">disabled</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#form-submission"><span class="secno">4.10.19.6 </span>Form submission</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#autofocusing-a-form-control:-the-autofocus-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.19.7 </span>Autofocusing a form control: the <code data-anolis-xref="attr-fe-autofocus">autofocus</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#autofilling-form-controls:-the-autocomplete-attribute"><span class="secno">4.10.19.8 </span>Autofilling form controls: the <code data-anolis-xref="attr-fe-autocomplete">autocomplete</code> attribute</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#textFieldSelection"><span class="secno">4.10.20 </span>APIs for the text field selections</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#constraints"><span class="secno">4.10.21 </span>Constraints</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="forms.html#definitions"><span class="secno">4.10.21.1 </span>Definitions</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#constraint-validation"><span class="secno">4.10.21.2 </span>Constraint validation</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#the-constraint-validation-api"><span class="secno">4.10.21.3 </span>The constraint validation API</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#security-forms"><span class="secno">4.10.21.4 </span>Security</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#form-submission-0"><span class="secno">4.10.22 </span>Form submission</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="forms.html#introduction-2"><span class="secno">4.10.22.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#implicit-submission"><span class="secno">4.10.22.2 </span>Implicit submission</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#form-submission-algorithm"><span class="secno">4.10.22.3 </span>Form submission algorithm</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#constructing-form-data-set"><span class="secno">4.10.22.4 </span>Constructing the form data set</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#selecting-a-form-submission-encoding"><span class="secno">4.10.22.5 </span>Selecting a form submission encoding</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#url-encoded-form-data"><span class="secno">4.10.22.6 </span>URL-encoded form data</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#multipart-form-data"><span class="secno">4.10.22.7 </span>Multipart form data</a></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#plain-text-form-data"><span class="secno">4.10.22.8 </span>Plain text form data</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="forms.html#resetting-a-form"><span class="secno">4.10.23 </span>Resetting a form</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="scripting-1.html#scripting-1"><span class="secno">4.11 </span>Scripting</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="scripting-1.html#the-script-element"><span class="secno">4.11.1 </span>The <code>script</code> element</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="scripting-1.html#scriptingLanguages"><span class="secno">4.11.1.1 </span>Scripting languages</a></li>
- <li><a href="scripting-1.html#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements"><span class="secno">4.11.1.2 </span>Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="scripting-1.html#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts"><span class="secno">4.11.1.3 </span>Inline documentation for external scripts</a></li>
- <li><a href="scripting-1.html#scriptTagXSLT"><span class="secno">4.11.1.4 </span>Interaction of <code>script</code> elements and XSLT</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="scripting-1.html#the-noscript-element"><span class="secno">4.11.2 </span>The <code>noscript</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="scripting-1.html#the-template-element"><span class="secno">4.11.3 </span>The <code>template</code> element</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="scripting-1.html#template-XSLT-XPath"><span class="secno">4.11.3.1 </span>Interaction of <code>template</code> elements with XSLT and XPath</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="scripting-1.html#the-canvas-element"><span class="secno">4.11.4 </span>The <code>canvas</code> element</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="scripting-1.html#color-spaces-and-color-correction"><span class="secno">4.11.4.1 </span>Color spaces and color correction</a></li>
- <li><a href="scripting-1.html#serializing-bitmaps-to-a-file"><span class="secno">4.11.4.2 </span>Serializing bitmaps to a file</a></li>
- <li><a href="scripting-1.html#security-with-canvas-elements"><span class="secno">4.11.4.3 </span>Security with <code>canvas</code> elements</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="common-idioms.html#common-idioms"><span class="secno">4.12 </span>Common idioms without dedicated elements</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="common-idioms.html#sub-head"><span class="secno">4.12.1 </span>Subheadings, subtitles, alternative titles and taglines</a></li>
- <li><a href="common-idioms.html#rel-up"><span class="secno">4.12.2 </span>Bread crumb navigation</a></li>
- <li><a href="common-idioms.html#tag-clouds"><span class="secno">4.12.3 </span>Tag clouds</a></li>
- <li><a href="common-idioms.html#conversations"><span class="secno">4.12.4 </span>Conversations</a></li>
- <li><a href="common-idioms.html#footnotes"><span class="secno">4.12.5 </span>Footnotes</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="disabled-elements.html#disabled-elements"><span class="secno">4.13 </span>Disabled elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="disabled-elements.html#selectors"><span class="secno">4.14 </span>Matching HTML elements using selectors</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="disabled-elements.html#case-sensitivity"><span class="secno">4.14.1 </span>Case-sensitivity</a></li>
- <li><a href="disabled-elements.html#pseudo-classes"><span class="secno">4.14.2 </span>Pseudo-classes</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#browsers"><span class="secno">5 </span>Loading Web pages</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#windows"><span class="secno">5.1 </span>Browsing contexts</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#nested-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.1.1 </span>Nested browsing contexts</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#navigating-nested-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom"><span class="secno">5.1.1.1 </span>Navigating nested browsing contexts in the DOM</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#auxiliary-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.1.2 </span>Auxiliary browsing contexts</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#navigating-auxiliary-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom"><span class="secno">5.1.2.1 </span>Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#secondary-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.1.3 </span>Secondary browsing contexts</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#security-nav"><span class="secno">5.1.4 </span>Security</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#groupings-of-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.1.5 </span>Groupings of browsing contexts</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#browsing-context-names"><span class="secno">5.1.6 </span>Browsing context names</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#the-window-object"><span class="secno">5.2 </span>The <code>Window</code> object</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#security-window"><span class="secno">5.2.1 </span>Security</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#apis-for-creating-and-navigating-browsing-contexts-by-name"><span class="secno">5.2.2 </span>APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#accessing-other-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.2.3 </span>Accessing other browsing contexts</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#named-access-on-the-window-object"><span class="secno">5.2.4 </span>Named access on the <code>Window</code> object</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#garbage-collection-and-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.2.5 </span>Garbage collection and browsing contexts</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#closing-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.2.6 </span>Closing browsing contexts</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#browser-interface-elements"><span class="secno">5.2.7 </span>Browser interface elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#the-windowproxy-object"><span class="secno">5.2.8 </span>The <code>WindowProxy</code> object</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#origin"><span class="secno">5.3 </span>Origin</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#relaxing-the-same-origin-restriction"><span class="secno">5.3.1 </span>Relaxing the same-origin restriction</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#sandboxing"><span class="secno">5.4 </span>Sandboxing</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#history"><span class="secno">5.5 </span>Session history and navigation</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#the-session-history-of-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">5.5.1 </span>The session history of browsing contexts</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#the-history-interface"><span class="secno">5.5.2 </span>The <code>History</code> interface</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#the-location-interface"><span class="secno">5.5.3 </span>The <code>Location</code> interface</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#security-location"><span class="secno">5.5.3.1 </span>Security</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#history-notes"><span class="secno">5.5.4 </span>Implementation notes for session history</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#browsing-the-web"><span class="secno">5.6 </span>Browsing the Web</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#navigating-across-documents"><span class="secno">5.6.1 </span>Navigating across documents</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#read-html"><span class="secno">5.6.2 </span>Page load processing model for HTML files</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#read-xml"><span class="secno">5.6.3 </span>Page load processing model for XML files</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#read-text"><span class="secno">5.6.4 </span>Page load processing model for text files</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#read-multipart-x-mixed-replace"><span class="secno">5.6.5 </span>Page load processing model for <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code> resources</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#read-media"><span class="secno">5.6.6 </span>Page load processing model for media</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#read-plugin"><span class="secno">5.6.7 </span>Page load processing model for content that uses plugins</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#read-ua-inline"><span class="secno">5.6.8 </span>Page load processing model for inline
- content that doesn't have a DOM</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#scroll-to-fragid"><span class="secno">5.6.9 </span>Navigating to a fragment identifier</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#history-traversal"><span class="secno">5.6.10 </span>History traversal</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#event-definitions-0"><span class="secno">5.6.10.1 </span>Event definitions</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#unloading-documents"><span class="secno">5.6.11 </span>Unloading documents</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#event-definition"><span class="secno">5.6.11.1 </span>Event definition</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#aborting-a-document-load"><span class="secno">5.6.12 </span>Aborting a document load</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#offline"><span class="secno">5.7 </span>Offline Web applications</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#introduction-3"><span class="secno">5.7.1 </span>Introduction</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#supporting-offline-caching-for-legacy-applications"><span class="secno">5.7.1.1 </span>Supporting offline caching for legacy applications</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#appcacheevents"><span class="secno">5.7.1.2 </span>Event summary</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#appcache"><span class="secno">5.7.2 </span>Application caches</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#manifests"><span class="secno">5.7.3 </span>The cache manifest syntax</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="browsers.html#some-sample-manifests"><span class="secno">5.7.3.1 </span>Some sample manifests</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#writing-cache-manifests"><span class="secno">5.7.3.2 </span>Writing cache manifests</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#parsing-cache-manifests"><span class="secno">5.7.3.3 </span>Parsing cache manifests</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#downloading-or-updating-an-application-cache"><span class="secno">5.7.4 </span>Downloading or updating an application cache</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#the-application-cache-selection-algorithm"><span class="secno">5.7.5 </span>The application cache selection algorithm</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#changesToNetworkingModel"><span class="secno">5.7.6 </span>Changes to the networking model</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#expiring-application-caches"><span class="secno">5.7.7 </span>Expiring application caches</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#disk-space"><span class="secno">5.7.8 </span>Disk space</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#application-cache-api"><span class="secno">5.7.9 </span>Application cache API</a></li>
- <li><a href="browsers.html#browser-state"><span class="secno">5.7.10 </span>Browser state</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#webappapis"><span class="secno">6 </span>Web application APIs</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="webappapis.html#scripting"><span class="secno">6.1 </span>Scripting</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="webappapis.html#introduction-4"><span class="secno">6.1.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#enabling-and-disabling-scripting"><span class="secno">6.1.2 </span>Enabling and disabling scripting</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#processing-model-2"><span class="secno">6.1.3 </span>Processing model</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="webappapis.html#definitions-0"><span class="secno">6.1.3.1 </span>Definitions</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#script-settings-for-browsing-contexts"><span class="secno">6.1.3.2 </span>Script settings for browsing contexts</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#calling-scripts"><span class="secno">6.1.3.3 </span>Calling scripts</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#creating-scripts"><span class="secno">6.1.3.4 </span>Creating scripts</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#killing-scripts"><span class="secno">6.1.3.5 </span>Killing scripts</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#runtime-script-errors"><span class="secno">6.1.3.6 </span>Runtime script errors</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="webappapis.html#runtime-script-errors-in-documents"><span class="secno">6.1.3.6.1 </span>Runtime script errors in documents</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#the-errorevent-interface"><span class="secno">6.1.3.6.2 </span>The <code>ErrorEvent</code> interface</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#event-loops"><span class="secno">6.1.4 </span>Event loops</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="webappapis.html#definitions-1"><span class="secno">6.1.4.1 </span>Definitions</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#processing-model-3"><span class="secno">6.1.4.2 </span>Processing model</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#generic-task-sources"><span class="secno">6.1.4.3 </span>Generic task sources</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#events"><span class="secno">6.1.5 </span>Events</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="webappapis.html#event-handler-attributes"><span class="secno">6.1.5.1 </span>Event handlers</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#event-handlers-on-elements,-document-objects,-and-window-objects"><span class="secno">6.1.5.2 </span>Event handlers on elements, <code>Document</code> objects, and <code>Window</code> objects</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="webappapis.html#idl-definitions"><span class="secno">6.1.5.2.1 </span>IDL definitions</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#event-firing"><span class="secno">6.1.5.3 </span>Event firing</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#events-and-the-window-object"><span class="secno">6.1.5.4 </span>Events and the <code>Window</code> object</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#atob"><span class="secno">6.2 </span>Base64 utility methods</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#dynamic-markup-insertion"><span class="secno">6.3 </span>Dynamic markup insertion</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="webappapis.html#opening-the-input-stream"><span class="secno">6.3.1 </span>Opening the input stream</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#closing-the-input-stream"><span class="secno">6.3.2 </span>Closing the input stream</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#document.write()"><span class="secno">6.3.3 </span><code data-anolis-xref="dom-document-write">document.write()</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#document.writeln()"><span class="secno">6.3.4 </span><code data-anolis-xref="dom-document-writeln">document.writeln()</code></a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#timers"><span class="secno">6.4 </span>Timers</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#user-prompts"><span class="secno">6.5 </span>User prompts</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="webappapis.html#simple-dialogs"><span class="secno">6.5.1 </span>Simple dialogs</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#printing"><span class="secno">6.5.2 </span>Printing</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#system-state-and-capabilities"><span class="secno">6.6 </span>System state and capabilities</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="webappapis.html#the-navigator-object"><span class="secno">6.6.1 </span>The <code>Navigator</code> object</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="webappapis.html#client-identification"><span class="secno">6.6.1.1 </span>Client identification</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#language-preferences"><span class="secno">6.6.1.2 </span>Language preferences</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#custom-handlers"><span class="secno">6.6.1.3 </span>Custom scheme and content handlers</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="webappapis.html#security-and-privacy"><span class="secno">6.6.1.3.1 </span>Security and privacy</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#sample-handler-impl"><span class="secno">6.6.1.3.2 </span>Sample user interface</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#manually-releasing-the-storage-mutex"><span class="secno">6.6.1.4 </span>Manually releasing the storage mutex</a></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#plugins-0"><span class="secno">6.6.1.5 </span>Plugins</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="webappapis.html#the-external-interface"><span class="secno">6.6.2 </span>The <code>External</code> interface</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#editing"><span class="secno">7 </span>User interaction</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="editing.html#the-hidden-attribute"><span class="secno">7.1 </span>The <code>hidden</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#inert-subtrees"><span class="secno">7.2 </span>Inert subtrees</a></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#activation"><span class="secno">7.3 </span>Activation</a></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#focus"><span class="secno">7.4 </span>Focus</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="editing.html#sequential-focus-navigation-and-the-tabindex-attribute"><span class="secno">7.4.1 </span>Sequential focus navigation and the <code data-anolis-xref="attr-tabindex">tabindex</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#focus-management"><span class="secno">7.4.2 </span>Focus management</a></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#document-level-focus-apis"><span class="secno">7.4.3 </span>Document-level focus APIs</a></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#element-level-focus-apis"><span class="secno">7.4.4 </span>Element-level focus APIs</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#assigning-keyboard-shortcuts"><span class="secno">7.5 </span>Assigning keyboard shortcuts</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="editing.html#introduction-5"><span class="secno">7.5.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#the-accesskey-attribute"><span class="secno">7.5.2 </span>The <code>accesskey</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#processing-model-4"><span class="secno">7.5.3 </span>Processing model</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#editing-0"><span class="secno">7.6 </span>Editing</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="editing.html#contenteditable"><span class="secno">7.6.1 </span>Making document regions editable: The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-contenteditable">contenteditable</code> content attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#making-entire-documents-editable:-the-designmode-idl-attribute"><span class="secno">7.6.2 </span>Making entire documents editable: The <code data-anolis-xref="dom-document-designMode">designMode</code> IDL attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#best-practices-for-in-page-editors"><span class="secno">7.6.3 </span>Best practices for in-page editors</a></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#editing-apis"><span class="secno">7.6.4 </span>Editing APIs</a></li>
- <li><a href="editing.html#spelling-and-grammar-checking"><span class="secno">7.6.5 </span>Spelling and grammar checking</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#syntax"><span class="secno">8 </span>The HTML syntax</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="syntax.html#writing"><span class="secno">8.1 </span>Writing HTML documents</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="syntax.html#the-doctype"><span class="secno">8.1.1 </span>The DOCTYPE</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#elements-0"><span class="secno">8.1.2 </span>Elements</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="syntax.html#start-tags"><span class="secno">8.1.2.1 </span>Start tags</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#end-tags"><span class="secno">8.1.2.2 </span>End tags</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#attributes-0"><span class="secno">8.1.2.3 </span>Attributes</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#optional-tags"><span class="secno">8.1.2.4 </span>Optional tags</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#element-restrictions"><span class="secno">8.1.2.5 </span>Restrictions on content models</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#cdata-rcdata-restrictions"><span class="secno">8.1.2.6 </span>Restrictions on the contents of raw text and escapable raw text elements</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#text"><span class="secno">8.1.3 </span>Text</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="syntax.html#newlines"><span class="secno">8.1.3.1 </span>Newlines</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#character-references"><span class="secno">8.1.4 </span>Character references</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#cdata-sections"><span class="secno">8.1.5 </span>CDATA sections</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#comments"><span class="secno">8.1.6 </span>Comments</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing"><span class="secno">8.2 </span>Parsing HTML documents</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="syntax.html#overview-of-the-parsing-model"><span class="secno">8.2.1 </span>Overview of the parsing model</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#the-input-byte-stream"><span class="secno">8.2.2 </span>The input byte stream</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-with-a-known-character-encoding"><span class="secno">8.2.2.1 </span>Parsing with a known character encoding</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#determining-the-character-encoding"><span class="secno">8.2.2.2 </span>Determining the character encoding</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#character-encodings"><span class="secno">8.2.2.3 </span>Character encodings</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#changing-the-encoding-while-parsing"><span class="secno">8.2.2.4 </span>Changing the encoding while parsing</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#preprocessing-the-input-stream"><span class="secno">8.2.2.5 </span>Preprocessing the input stream</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parse-state"><span class="secno">8.2.3 </span>Parse state</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="syntax.html#the-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.3.1 </span>The insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#the-stack-of-open-elements"><span class="secno">8.2.3.2 </span>The stack of open elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#the-list-of-active-formatting-elements"><span class="secno">8.2.3.3 </span>The list of active formatting elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#the-element-pointers"><span class="secno">8.2.3.4 </span>The element pointers</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#other-parsing-state-flags"><span class="secno">8.2.3.5 </span>Other parsing state flags</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#tokenization"><span class="secno">8.2.4 </span>Tokenization</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="syntax.html#data-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.1 </span>Data state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#character-reference-in-data-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.2 </span>Character reference in data state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#rcdata-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.3 </span>RCDATA state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#character-reference-in-rcdata-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.4 </span>Character reference in RCDATA state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#rawtext-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.5 </span>RAWTEXT state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.6 </span>Script data state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#plaintext-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.7 </span>PLAINTEXT state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#tag-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.8 </span>Tag open state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#end-tag-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.9 </span>End tag open state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#tag-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.10 </span>Tag name state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#rcdata-less-than-sign-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.11 </span>RCDATA less-than sign state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#rcdata-end-tag-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.12 </span>RCDATA end tag open state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#rcdata-end-tag-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.13 </span>RCDATA end tag name state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#rawtext-less-than-sign-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.14 </span>RAWTEXT less-than sign state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#rawtext-end-tag-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.15 </span>RAWTEXT end tag open state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#rawtext-end-tag-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.16 </span>RAWTEXT end tag name state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-less-than-sign-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.17 </span>Script data less-than sign state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-end-tag-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.18 </span>Script data end tag open state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-end-tag-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.19 </span>Script data end tag name state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-escape-start-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.20 </span>Script data escape start state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-escape-start-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.21 </span>Script data escape start dash state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-escaped-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.22 </span>Script data escaped state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-escaped-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.23 </span>Script data escaped dash state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-escaped-dash-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.24 </span>Script data escaped dash dash state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.25 </span>Script data escaped less-than sign state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-escaped-end-tag-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.26 </span>Script data escaped end tag open state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-escaped-end-tag-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.27 </span>Script data escaped end tag name state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-double-escape-start-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.28 </span>Script data double escape start state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-double-escaped-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.29 </span>Script data double escaped state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-double-escaped-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.30 </span>Script data double escaped dash state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-double-escaped-dash-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.31 </span>Script data double escaped dash dash state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.32 </span>Script data double escaped less-than sign state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#script-data-double-escape-end-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.33 </span>Script data double escape end state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#before-attribute-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.34 </span>Before attribute name state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#attribute-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.35 </span>Attribute name state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#after-attribute-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.36 </span>After attribute name state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#before-attribute-value-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.37 </span>Before attribute value state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#attribute-value-(double-quoted)-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.38 </span>Attribute value (double-quoted) state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#attribute-value-(single-quoted)-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.39 </span>Attribute value (single-quoted) state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#attribute-value-(unquoted)-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.40 </span>Attribute value (unquoted) state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.41 </span>Character reference in attribute value state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#after-attribute-value-(quoted)-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.42 </span>After attribute value (quoted) state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#self-closing-start-tag-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.43 </span>Self-closing start tag state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#bogus-comment-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.44 </span>Bogus comment state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#markup-declaration-open-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.45 </span>Markup declaration open state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#comment-start-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.46 </span>Comment start state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#comment-start-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.47 </span>Comment start dash state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#comment-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.48 </span>Comment state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#comment-end-dash-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.49 </span>Comment end dash state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#comment-end-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.50 </span>Comment end state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#comment-end-bang-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.51 </span>Comment end bang state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#doctype-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.52 </span>DOCTYPE state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#before-doctype-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.53 </span>Before DOCTYPE name state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#doctype-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.54 </span>DOCTYPE name state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#after-doctype-name-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.55 </span>After DOCTYPE name state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#after-doctype-public-keyword-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.56 </span>After DOCTYPE public keyword state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#before-doctype-public-identifier-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.57 </span>Before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#doctype-public-identifier-(double-quoted)-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.58 </span>DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#doctype-public-identifier-(single-quoted)-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.59 </span>DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#after-doctype-public-identifier-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.60 </span>After DOCTYPE public identifier state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#between-doctype-public-and-system-identifiers-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.61 </span>Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#after-doctype-system-keyword-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.62 </span>After DOCTYPE system keyword state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#before-doctype-system-identifier-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.63 </span>Before DOCTYPE system identifier state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.64 </span>DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.65 </span>DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#after-doctype-system-identifier-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.66 </span>After DOCTYPE system identifier state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#bogus-doctype-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.67 </span>Bogus DOCTYPE state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#cdata-section-state"><span class="secno">8.2.4.68 </span>CDATA section state</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#tokenizing-character-references"><span class="secno">8.2.4.69 </span>Tokenizing character references</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#tree-construction"><span class="secno">8.2.5 </span>Tree construction</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="syntax.html#creating-and-inserting-nodes"><span class="secno">8.2.5.1 </span>Creating and inserting nodes</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-elements-that-contain-only-text"><span class="secno">8.2.5.2 </span>Parsing elements that contain only text</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#closing-elements-that-have-implied-end-tags"><span class="secno">8.2.5.3 </span>Closing elements that have implied end tags</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-inhtml"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4 </span>The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="syntax.html#the-initial-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.1 </span>The "initial" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#the-before-html-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.2 </span>The "before html" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#the-before-head-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.3 </span>The "before head" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-inhead"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.4 </span>The "in head" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-inheadnoscript"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.5 </span>The "in head noscript" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#the-after-head-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.6 </span>The "after head" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-inbody"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.7 </span>The "in body" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-incdata"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.8 </span>The "text" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-intable"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.9 </span>The "in table" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-intabletext"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.10 </span>The "in table text" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-incaption"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.11 </span>The "in caption" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-incolgroup"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.12 </span>The "in column group" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-intbody"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.13 </span>The "in table body" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-intr"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.14 </span>The "in row" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-intd"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.15 </span>The "in cell" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-inselect"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.16 </span>The "in select" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-inselectintable"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.17 </span>The "in select in table" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-intemplate"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.18 </span>The "in template" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-afterbody"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.19 </span>The "after body" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-inframeset"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.20 </span>The "in frameset" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-afterframeset"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.21 </span>The "after frameset" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.22 </span>The "after after body" insertion mode</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">8.2.5.4.23 </span>The "after after frameset" insertion mode</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-main-inforeign"><span class="secno">8.2.5.5 </span>The rules for parsing tokens in foreign content</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#the-end"><span class="secno">8.2.6 </span>The end</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#coercing-an-html-dom-into-an-infoset"><span class="secno">8.2.7 </span>Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#an-introduction-to-error-handling-and-strange-cases-in-the-parser"><span class="secno">8.2.8 </span>An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="syntax.html#misnested-tags:-b-i-/b-/i"><span class="secno">8.2.8.1 </span>Misnested tags: &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#misnested-tags:-b-p-/b-/p"><span class="secno">8.2.8.2 </span>Misnested tags: &lt;b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#unexpected-markup-in-tables"><span class="secno">8.2.8.3 </span>Unexpected markup in tables</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#scripts-that-modify-the-page-as-it-is-being-parsed"><span class="secno">8.2.8.4 </span>Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#the-execution-of-scripts-that-are-moving-across-multiple-documents"><span class="secno">8.2.8.5 </span>The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple documents</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#unclosed-formatting-elements"><span class="secno">8.2.8.6 </span>Unclosed formatting elements</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#serializing-html-fragments"><span class="secno">8.3 </span>Serializing HTML fragments</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#parsing-html-fragments"><span class="secno">8.4 </span>Parsing HTML fragments</a></li>
- <li><a href="syntax.html#named-character-references"><span class="secno">8.5 </span>Named character references</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#the-xhtml-syntax"><span class="secno">9 </span>The XHTML syntax</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#writing-xhtml-documents"><span class="secno">9.1 </span>Writing XHTML documents</a></li>
- <li><a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#parsing-xhtml-documents"><span class="secno">9.2 </span>Parsing XHTML documents</a></li>
- <li><a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#serializing-xhtml-fragments"><span class="secno">9.3 </span>Serializing XHTML fragments</a></li>
- <li><a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#parsing-xhtml-fragments"><span class="secno">9.4 </span>Parsing XHTML fragments</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#rendering"><span class="secno">10 </span>Rendering</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="rendering.html#introduction-6"><span class="secno">10.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-css-user-agent-style-sheet-and-presentational-hints"><span class="secno">10.2 </span>The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#non-replaced-elements"><span class="secno">10.3 </span>Non-replaced elements</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="rendering.html#hidden-elements"><span class="secno">10.3.1 </span>Hidden elements</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-page"><span class="secno">10.3.2 </span>The page</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#flow-content-0"><span class="secno">10.3.3 </span>Flow content</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#phrasing-content-0"><span class="secno">10.3.4 </span>Phrasing content</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#bidi-rendering"><span class="secno">10.3.5 </span>Bidirectional text</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#quotes"><span class="secno">10.3.6 </span>Quotes</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#sections-and-headings"><span class="secno">10.3.7 </span>Sections and headings</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#lists"><span class="secno">10.3.8 </span>Lists</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#tables"><span class="secno">10.3.9 </span>Tables</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#margin-collapsing-quirks"><span class="secno">10.3.10 </span>Margin collapsing quirks</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#form-controls"><span class="secno">10.3.11 </span>Form controls</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-hr-element-0"><span class="secno">10.3.12 </span>The <code>hr</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-fieldset-and-legend-elements"><span class="secno">10.3.13 </span>The <code>fieldset</code> and <code>legend</code> elements</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#replaced-elements"><span class="secno">10.4 </span>Replaced elements</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="rendering.html#embedded-content-1"><span class="secno">10.4.1 </span>Embedded content</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#images"><span class="secno">10.4.2 </span>Images</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#attributes-for-embedded-content-and-images"><span class="secno">10.4.3 </span>Attributes for embedded content and images</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#image-maps-1"><span class="secno">10.4.4 </span>Image maps</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#bindings"><span class="secno">10.5 </span>Bindings</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="rendering.html#introduction-7"><span class="secno">10.5.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-button-element-0"><span class="secno">10.5.2 </span>The <code>button</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget"><span class="secno">10.5.3 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a text entry widget</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets"><span class="secno">10.5.4 </span>The <code>input</code> element as domain-specific widgets</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-range-control"><span class="secno">10.5.5 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a range control</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-color-well"><span class="secno">10.5.6 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a color well</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-checkbox-and-radio-button-widgets"><span class="secno">10.5.7 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a checkbox and radio button widgets</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-file-upload-control"><span class="secno">10.5.8 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a file upload control</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-input-element-as-a-button"><span class="secno">10.5.9 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a button</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-marquee-element"><span class="secno">10.5.10 </span>The <code>marquee</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-meter-element-0"><span class="secno">10.5.11 </span>The <code>meter</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-progress-element-0"><span class="secno">10.5.12 </span>The <code>progress</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-select-element-0"><span class="secno">10.5.13 </span>The <code>select</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-textarea-element-0"><span class="secno">10.5.14 </span>The <code>textarea</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-keygen-element-0"><span class="secno">10.5.15 </span>The <code>keygen</code> element</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#frames-and-framesets"><span class="secno">10.6 </span>Frames and framesets</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#interactive-media"><span class="secno">10.7 </span>Interactive media</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="rendering.html#links,-forms,-and-navigation"><span class="secno">10.7.1 </span>Links, forms, and navigation</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#the-title-attribute-0"><span class="secno">10.7.2 </span>The <code data-anolis-xref="attr-title">title</code> attribute</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#editing-hosts"><span class="secno">10.7.3 </span>Editing hosts</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#text-rendered-in-native-user-interfaces"><span class="secno">10.7.4 </span>Text rendered in native user interfaces</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#print-media"><span class="secno">10.8 </span>Print media</a></li>
- <li><a href="rendering.html#unstyled-xml-documents"><span class="secno">10.9 </span>Unstyled XML documents</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="obsolete.html#obsolete"><span class="secno">11 </span>Obsolete features</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="obsolete.html#obsolete-but-conforming-features"><span class="secno">11.1 </span>Obsolete but conforming features</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="obsolete.html#warnings-for-obsolete-but-conforming-features"><span class="secno">11.1.1 </span>Warnings for obsolete but conforming features</a></ul></li>
- <li><a href="obsolete.html#non-conforming-features"><span class="secno">11.2 </span>Non-conforming features</a></li>
- <li><a href="obsolete.html#requirements-for-implementations"><span class="secno">11.3 </span>Requirements for implementations</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element"><span class="secno">11.3.1 </span>The <code>applet</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element-0"><span class="secno">11.3.2 </span>The <code>marquee</code> element</a></li>
- <li><a href="obsolete.html#frames"><span class="secno">11.3.3 </span>Frames</a></li>
- <li><a href="obsolete.html#other-elements,-attributes-and-apis"><span class="secno">11.3.4 </span>Other elements, attributes and APIs</a></ul></ul></li>
- <li><a href="iana.html#iana"><span class="secno">12 </span>IANA considerations</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a href="iana.html#text/html"><span class="secno">12.1 </span><code>text/html</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="iana.html#multipart/x-mixed-replace"><span class="secno">12.2 </span><code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="iana.html#application/xhtml+xml"><span class="secno">12.3 </span><code>application/xhtml+xml</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="iana.html#application/x-www-form-urlencoded"><span class="secno">12.4 </span><code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="iana.html#text/cache-manifest"><span class="secno">12.5 </span><code>text/cache-manifest</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="iana.html#web+-scheme-prefix"><span class="secno">12.6 </span><code>web+</code> scheme prefix</a></ul></li>
- <li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#index">Index</a>
- <ul class="toc"><li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#elements-1">Elements</a></li>
- <li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#element-content-categories">Element content categories</a></li>
- <li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#attributes-1">Attributes</a></li>
- <li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#element-interfaces">Element Interfaces</a></li>
- <li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#all-interfaces">All Interfaces</a></li>
- <li><a class="no-num" href="index.html#events-0">Events</a></ul></li>
- <li><a class="no-num" href="references.html#references">References</a></li>
- <li><a class="no-num" href="acknowledgments.html#acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</a></ul><!--end-toc-->
diff --git a/bench/wikipedia_hyperlink.html b/bench/wikipedia_hyperlink.html
deleted file mode 100644
index 42ea576..0000000
--- a/bench/wikipedia_hyperlink.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,580 +0,0 @@
-
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr">
-<head>
-<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
-<title>Hyperlink - Wikipedia</title>
-<script>document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( /(^|\s)client-nojs(\s|$)/, "$1client-js$2" );</script>
-<script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hyperlink","wgTitle":"Hyperlink","wgCurRevisionId":773097660,"wgRevisionId":773097660,"wgArticleId":49547,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with citations lacking titles","Pages with citations having bare URLs","Pages using ISBN magic links","Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers","Graphical control elements","World Wide Web","Hypertext"],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"Hyperlink","wgRelevantArticleId":49547,"wgRequestId":"WOUFjwpAAEEAASevRnwAAABO","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{}},"wgStableRevisionId":null,"wgWikiEditorEnabledModules":{"toolbar":true,"dialogs":true,"preview":false,"publish":false},"wgBetaFeaturesFeatures":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsShouldSendModuleToUser":false,"wgPopupsConflictsWithNavPopupGadget":false,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","usePageImages":true,"usePageDescriptions":true},"wgPreferredVariant":"en","wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"nearby":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false},"wgRelatedArticles":null,"wgRelatedArticlesBetaFeatureEnabled":false,"wgRelatedArticlesUseCirrusSearch":true,"wgRelatedArticlesOnlyUseCirrusSearch":false,"wgULSCurrentAutonym":"English","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCentralNoticeCookiesToDelete":[],"wgCentralNoticeCategoriesUsingLegacy":["Fundraising","fundraising"],"wgCategoryTreePageCategoryOptions":"{\"mode\":0,\"hideprefix\":20,\"showcount\":true,\"namespaces\":false}","wgWikibaseItemId":"Q102014","wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgVisualEditorToolbarScrollOffset":0,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":false});mw.loader.state({"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.site.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","user.tokens":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.pygments":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","mediawiki.legacy.shared":"ready","mediawiki.legacy.commonPrint":"ready","mediawiki.sectionAnchor":"ready","mediawiki.skinning.interface":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.site":"ready"});mw.loader.implement("user.options@0j3lz3q",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.options.set({"variant":"en"});});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens@1dqfd7l",function ( $, jQuery, require, module ) {
-mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});/*@nomin*/;
-
-});mw.loader.load(["ext.cite.a11y","mediawiki.toc","mediawiki.action.view.postEdit","site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.user","mediawiki.hidpi","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","mediawiki.searchSuggest","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.eventLogging.subscriber","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.eventlogger","ext.uls.init","ext.uls.interface","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","skins.vector.js"]);});</script>
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&amp;lang=en&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.sectionAnchor%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"/>
-<script async="" src="/w/load.php?debug=false&amp;lang=en&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;skin=vector"></script>
-<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/>
-<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&amp;lang=en&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"/>
-<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.29.0-wmf.18"/>
-<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"/>
-<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hyperlink-Wikipedia.svg/1200px-Hyperlink-Wikipedia.svg.png"/>
-<link rel="alternate" href="android-app://org.wikipedia/http/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink"/>
-<link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit"/>
-<link rel="edit" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit"/>
-<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"/>
-<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"/>
-<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)"/>
-<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/>
-<link rel="copyright" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"/>
-<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink"/>
-<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"/>
-<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />
-</head>
-<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Hyperlink rootpage-Hyperlink skin-vector action-view"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div>
- <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div>
- <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">
- <a id="top"></a>
-
- <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
- <div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content">
-</div>
- <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Hyperlink</h1>
- <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
- <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
- <div id="contentSub"></div>
- <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump">
- Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a>
- </div>
- <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote"><span class="plainlinks selfreference noprint">For help creating links in Wikipedia, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Contents/Links" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Contents/Links">Help:Contents/Links</a>.</span></div>
-<div class="thumb tright">
-<div class="thumbinner" style="width:252px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyperlink-Wikipedia.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hyperlink-Wikipedia.svg/250px-Hyperlink-Wikipedia.svg.png" width="250" height="111" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hyperlink-Wikipedia.svg/375px-Hyperlink-Wikipedia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Hyperlink-Wikipedia.svg/500px-Hyperlink-Wikipedia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="40" /></a>
-<div class="thumbcaption">
-<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyperlink-Wikipedia.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
-An example of a hyperlink with a mouse pointer hovering above it</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<p>In <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, a <b>hyperlink</b>, or simply a <b>link</b>, is a reference to <a href="/wiki/Data_(computing)" title="Data (computing)">data</a> that the reader can directly follow either by clicking, tapping, or hovering.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> A hyperlink points to a whole document or to a specific element within a document. <a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">Hypertext</a> is text with hyperlinks. The text that is linked from is called <a href="/wiki/Anchor_text" title="Anchor text">anchor text</a>. A software system that is used for viewing and creating hypertext is a <i>hypertext system</i>, and to create a hyperlink is <i>to hyperlink</i> (or simply <i>to link</i>). A user following hyperlinks is said to <i>navigate</i> or <i>browse</i> the hypertext.</p>
-<p>The document containing a hyperlink is known as its <b>source</b> document. For example, in an online reference work such as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, many words and terms in the text are hyperlinked to definitions of those terms. Hyperlinks are often used to implement reference <a href="/wiki/Mechanism_(engineering)" title="Mechanism (engineering)">mechanisms</a> such as tables of contents, <a href="/wiki/Footnotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Footnotes">footnotes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bibliographies" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliographies">bibliographies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Index_(publishing)" title="Index (publishing)">indexes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letter_(message)" title="Letter (message)">letters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glossaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossaries">glossaries</a>.</p>
-<p>In some hypertext hyperlinks can be bidirectional: they can be followed in two directions, so both ends act as <a href="/wiki/HTML_element#Anchor" title="HTML element">anchors</a> and as targets. More complex arrangements exist, such as many-to-many links.</p>
-<p>The effect of following a hyperlink may vary with the hypertext system and may sometimes depend on the link itself; for instance, on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> most hyperlinks cause the target document to replace the document being displayed, but some are marked to cause the target document to open in a new window. Another possibility is <a href="/wiki/Transclusion" title="Transclusion">transclusion</a>, for which the link target is a document <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fragment" class="extiw" title="wikt:fragment">fragment</a> that replaces the link anchor within the source document. Not only persons browsing the document follow hyperlinks; they may also be followed automatically by programs. A program that traverses the hypertext, following each hyperlink and gathering all the retrieved documents is known as a Web <i>spider</i> or <a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">crawler</a>.</p>
-<p></p>
-<div id="toc" class="toc">
-<div id="toctitle">
-<h2>Contents</h2>
-</div>
-<ul>
-<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Types_of_links"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Types of links</span></a>
-<ul>
-<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Inline_links"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Inline links</span></a>
-<ul>
-<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Anchor"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Anchor</span></a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Hyperlinks_in_various_technologies"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Hyperlinks in various technologies</span></a>
-<ul>
-<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Hyperlinks_in_HTML"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hyperlinks in HTML</span></a></li>
-<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#XLink:_hyperlinks_in_XML"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">XLink: hyperlinks in XML</span></a></li>
-<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Hyperlinks_in_other_document_technologies"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Hyperlinks in other document technologies</span></a></li>
-<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Hyperlinks_in_virtual_worlds"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Hyperlinks in virtual worlds</span></a></li>
-<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Hyperlinks_in_wikis"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Hyperlinks in wikis</span></a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#How_hyperlinks_work_in_HTML"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">How hyperlinks work in HTML</span></a>
-<ul>
-<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Link_behavior_in_web_browsers"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Link behavior in web browsers</span></a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
-<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Legal_issues"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Legal issues</span></a></li>
-<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
-<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
-<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<p></p>
-<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Types_of_links">Types of links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Types of links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
-<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Inline_links">Inline links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Inline links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
-<p>An <a href="/wiki/Inline_linking" title="Inline linking">inline link</a> displays remote content without the need for embedding the content. The remote content may be accessed with or without the user selecting the link.</p>
-<p>An inline link may display a modified version of the content; for instance, instead of an image, a <a href="/wiki/Thumbnail" title="Thumbnail">thumbnail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Image_resolution" title="Image resolution">low resolution</a> <a href="/wiki/Preview_(computing)" title="Preview (computing)">preview</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cropping_(image)" title="Cropping (image)">cropped</a> section, or <a href="/wiki/Magnification" title="Magnification">magnified</a> section may be shown. The full content will then usually be available on demand, as is the case with <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">print publishing</a> software – e.g., with an <a href="/wiki/External_link" class="mw-redirect" title="External link">external link</a>. This allows for smaller file sizes and quicker response to changes when the full linked content is not needed, as is the case when rearranging a <a href="/wiki/Page_layout" title="Page layout">page layout</a>.</p>
-<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Anchor">Anchor</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Anchor">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
-<p>An anchor hyperlink is a link bound to a portion of a document—generally text, though not necessarily. For instance, it may also be a <i>hot area</i> in an image (<a href="/wiki/Image_map" title="Image map">image map</a> in HTML), a designated, often irregular part of an image. One way to define it is by a list of coordinates that indicate its boundaries. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Africa">political map of Africa</a> may have each country hyperlinked to further information about that country. A separate invisible hot area interface allows for swapping <a href="/wiki/Skin_(computing)" title="Skin (computing)">skins</a> or labels within the linked hot areas without repetitive embedding of links in the various skin elements.</p>
-<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Hyperlinks_in_various_technologies">Hyperlinks in various technologies</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Hyperlinks in various technologies">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
-<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hyperlinks_in_HTML">Hyperlinks in HTML</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Hyperlinks in HTML">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
-<p><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> saw the possibility of using hyperlinks to link any information to any other information over the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. Hyperlinks were therefore integral to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. Web pages are written in the hypertext mark-up language <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>.</p>
-<p>This is what a hyperlink to the home page of the <a href="/wiki/W3C_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C organization">W3C organization</a> could look like in HTML code:</p>
-<div class="mw-highlight mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">
-<pre>
-<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">a</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org"</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>W3C organization website<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">a</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
-</pre></div>
-<p>This HTML code consists of several <a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">tags</a>:</p>
-<ul>
-<li>The hyperlink starts with an anchor opening tag <b>&lt;a</b>, and includes a hyperlink reference <b>href="http://www.w3.org"</b> to the <b>URL</b> for the page. (Note that the URL is enclosed in quotes.)</li>
-<li>The URL is followed by <b>&gt;</b>, marking the end of the anchor opening tag.</li>
-<li>The words that follow identify what is being linked; this is the only part of the code that is ordinarily visible on the screen when the page is rendered, but when the cursor hovers over the link many browsers will display the target URL somewhere on the screen, such as in the lower left-hand corner.</li>
-<li>Typically these words are underlined and colored (for example, blue for a link that has not yet been visited and purple for a link already visited).</li>
-<li>The anchor closing tag (<b>&lt;/a&gt;</b>) terminates the hyperlink code.</li>
-</ul>
-<p><a href="/wiki/Webgraph" title="Webgraph">Webgraph</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Graph_(discrete_mathematics)" title="Graph (discrete mathematics)">graph</a>, formed from <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web pages</a> as vertices and hyperlinks, as directed edges.</p>
-<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="XLink:_hyperlinks_in_XML">XLink: hyperlinks in XML</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: XLink: hyperlinks in XML">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
-<div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a></div>
-<p>The <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> <a href="/wiki/W3C#Recommendations_and_Certifications" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">Recommendation</a> called <b><a href="/wiki/XLink" title="XLink">XLink</a></b> describes hyperlinks that offer a far greater degree of functionality than those offered in HTML. These <b>extended links</b> can be <i>multidirectional</i>, linking from, within, and between XML documents. It also describes <i>simple links</i>, which are unidirectional and therefore offer no more functionality than hyperlinks in HTML.</p>
-<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hyperlinks_in_other_document_technologies">Hyperlinks in other document technologies</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Hyperlinks in other document technologies">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
-<p>Hyperlinks are used in the <a href="/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher protocol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Text_editor" title="Text editor">text editors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" title="Portable Document Format">PDF documents</a>, help systems such as <a href="/wiki/Windows_Help" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Help">Windows Help</a>, <a href="/wiki/Word_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Word processing">word processing</a> <a href="/wiki/Documents" class="mw-redirect" title="Documents">documents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spreadsheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Spreadsheets">spreadsheets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Computer">Apple</a>'s <a href="/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a> and many other places.</p>
-<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hyperlinks_in_virtual_worlds">Hyperlinks in virtual worlds</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Hyperlinks in virtual worlds">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
-<div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hyperlinks_in_virtual_worlds" title="Hyperlinks in virtual worlds">Hyperlinks in virtual worlds</a></div>
-<p>Hyperlinks are being implemented in various 3D <a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">virtual world</a> networks, including those which utilize the <a href="/wiki/OpenSimulator" title="OpenSimulator">OpenSimulator</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Open_Cobalt" title="Open Cobalt">Open Cobalt</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> platforms.</p>
-<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hyperlinks_in_wikis">Hyperlinks in wikis</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Hyperlinks in wikis">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
-<div class="thumb tright">
-<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki-linking.png" class="image"><img alt="Simple image demonstrating how internal MediaWiki links work (that is, the order of the link's parts) when you want to create a link which displays words different from the linked page's title: two opening square brackets, the ACTUAL link, a pipe character explained as the necessary divider, the words that are how I want it to APPEAR, and two closing square brackets." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wiki-linking.png/220px-Wiki-linking.png" width="220" height="74" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wiki-linking.png/330px-Wiki-linking.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wiki-linking.png/440px-Wiki-linking.png 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="173" /></a>
-<div class="thumbcaption">
-<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki-linking.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
-How internal <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> links work when you want to create a link which displays words different from the linked page's title.</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<p>While <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wikis</a> may use HTML-type hyperlinks, the use of <a href="/wiki/Wiki_markup" title="Wiki markup">wiki markup</a>, a set of <a href="/wiki/Lightweight_markup_language" title="Lightweight markup language">lightweight markup languages</a> specifically for wikis, provides simplified syntax for linking pages within wiki environments—in other words, for creating <b>wikilinks</b>.</p>
-<p>The syntax and appearance of wikilinks may vary. <a href="/wiki/Ward_Cunningham" title="Ward Cunningham">Ward Cunningham</a>'s original <a href="/wiki/Wiki_software" title="Wiki software">wiki software</a>, the <a href="/wiki/WikiWikiWeb" title="WikiWikiWeb">WikiWikiWeb</a> used <a href="/wiki/CamelCase" class="mw-redirect" title="CamelCase">CamelCase</a> for this purpose. CamelCase was also used in the early version of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> and is still used in some wikis, such as <a href="/wiki/TiddlyWiki" title="TiddlyWiki">TiddlyWiki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trac" title="Trac">Trac</a>, and <a href="/wiki/PMWiki" class="mw-redirect" title="PMWiki">PMWiki</a>. A common markup syntax is the use of double square brackets around the term to be wikilinked. For example, the input "[[zebras]]" will be converted by wiki software using this markup syntax to a link to a <a href="/wiki/Zebras" class="mw-redirect" title="Zebras">zebras</a> article. Hyperlinks used in wikis are commonly classified as follows:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><b>Internal wikilinks</b> or <b>intrawiki links</b> lead to pages within the same wiki website.</li>
-<li><b>Interwiki links</b> are simplified markup hyperlinks that lead to pages of other wikis that are associated with the first.</li>
-<li><b>External links</b> lead to other webpages (those not covered in the above two cases, wiki or not wiki).</li>
-</ul>
-<p>Wikilinks are visibly distinct from other text, and if an internal wikilink leads to a page that does not yet exist, it usually has a different specific visual appearance. For example, in Wikipedia wikilinks are displayed in blue, except those which link to pages which do not yet exist, which are instead shown in red.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> Another possibility for linking is to display a highlighted clickable question mark after the wikilinked term.</p>
-<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="How_hyperlinks_work_in_HTML">How hyperlinks work in HTML</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: How hyperlinks work in HTML">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
-<p>A link from one domain to another is said to be <i>outbound</i> from its source anchor and <a href="/wiki/Inbound_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Inbound link"><i>inbound</i></a> to its target.</p>
-<p>The most common destination anchor is a <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. This can refer to a document, e.g. a <a href="/wiki/Webpage" class="mw-redirect" title="Webpage">webpage</a>, or other resource, or to a position in a webpage. The latter is achieved by means of an <a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">HTML element</a> with a "name" or "id" attribute at that position of the HTML document. The URL of the position is the URL of the webpage with a <a href="/wiki/Fragment_identifier" title="Fragment identifier">fragment identifier</a> — "#<i>id attribute</i>" — appended.</p>
-<p>When linking to PDF documents from an HTML page the "<i>id attribute</i>" can be replaced with syntax that references a page number or another element of the PDF, for example, "#<i>page=386</i>".</p>
-<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Link_behavior_in_web_browsers">Link behavior in web browsers</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Link behavior in web browsers">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
-<p>A <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a> usually displays a hyperlink in some distinguishing way, e.g. in a different <a href="/wiki/Color" title="Color">color</a>, <a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">font</a> or <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">style</a>. The behavior and style of links can be specified using the <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a> (CSS) language.</p>
-<p>In a graphical user interface, the appearance of a <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a> <a href="/wiki/Cursor_(user_interface)" title="Cursor (user interface)">cursor</a> may change into a <a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">hand</a> motif to indicate a link. In most graphical web browsers, links are displayed in underlined blue text when they have not been visited, but underlined purple text when they have. When the <a href="/wiki/User_(computing)" title="User (computing)">user</a> activates the link (e.g. by clicking on it with the mouse) the browser will display the target of the link. If the target is not an HTML file, depending on the <a href="/wiki/File_type" class="mw-redirect" title="File type">file type</a> and on the browser and its <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plugins</a>, another program may be activated to open the file.</p>
-<p>The HTML code contains some or all of the five main characteristics of a link:</p>
-<ul>
-<li><b>link destination</b> ("href" pointing to a URL)</li>
-<li><b><a href="/wiki/Anchor_text" title="Anchor text">link label</a></b></li>
-<li><b>link title</b></li>
-<li><b>link target</b></li>
-<li><b>link class</b> or <b>link id</b></li>
-</ul>
-<p>It uses the <a href="/wiki/HTML_anchor" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML anchor">HTML element "a"</a> with the attribute "href" (HREF is an abbreviation for "Hypertext REFerence"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>) and optionally also the attributes "title", "target", and "<a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Cascading Style Sheets">class</a>" or "id":</p>
-<dl>
-<dd><tt>&lt;a href="<i>URL</i>" title="<i>link title</i>" target="<i>link target</i>" class="<i>link class</i>"&gt;<i>link label</i>&lt;/a&gt;</tt></dd>
-</dl>
-<p>To embed a link into a web page, blogpost, or comment, it may take this form:</p>
-<dl>
-<dd><code>&lt;a href="http://example.com/"&gt;Example&lt;/a&gt;</code></dd>
-</dl>
-<p>In a typical web browser, this would display as the underlined word "Example" in blue, which when clicked would take the user to the example.com website. This contributes to a clean, easy to read text or document.</p>
-<p>When the cursor hovers over a link, depending on the browser and graphical user interface, some informative text about the link can be shown, popping up, not in a regular <a href="/wiki/Window_(computing)" title="Window (computing)">window</a>, but in a special <a href="/wiki/Mouse_hover" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse hover">hover box</a>, which disappears when the cursor is moved away (sometimes it disappears anyway after a few seconds, and reappears when the cursor is moved away and back). <a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozilla Firefox">Mozilla Firefox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">IE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a>, and many other web browsers all show the URL. In addition, the URL is commonly shown in the <a href="/wiki/Status_bar" title="Status bar">status bar</a>.</p>
-<p>Normally, a link will open in the current <a href="/wiki/Framing_(World_Wide_Web)" title="Framing (World Wide Web)">frame</a> or window, but sites that use frames and multiple windows for navigation can add a special "target" attribute to specify where the link will be loaded. If no window exists with that name, a new window will be created with the ID, which can be used to refer to the window later in the browsing session.</p>
-<p>Creation of new windows is probably the most common use of the "target" attribute. In order to prevent accidental reuse of a window, the special window names "_blank" and "_new" are usually available, and will always cause a new window to be created. It is especially common to see this type of link when one large website links to an external page. The intention in that case is to ensure that the person browsing is aware that there is no endorsement of the site being linked to by the site that was linked from. However, the attribute is sometimes overused and can sometimes cause many windows to be created even while browsing a single site.</p>
-<p>Another special page name is "_top", which causes any frames in the current window to be cleared away so that browsing can continue in the full window.</p>
-<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
-<div class="thumb tright">
-<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SRI_ARC_Engelbart_Nov_1969.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/SRI_ARC_Engelbart_Nov_1969.jpg/220px-SRI_ARC_Engelbart_Nov_1969.jpg" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/SRI_ARC_Engelbart_Nov_1969.jpg/330px-SRI_ARC_Engelbart_Nov_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/SRI_ARC_Engelbart_Nov_1969.jpg/440px-SRI_ARC_Engelbart_Nov_1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399" /></a>
-<div class="thumbcaption">
-<div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:SRI_ARC_Engelbart_Nov_1969.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
-Douglas Engelbart and his team at <a href="/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI</a>, 1969</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<p>The term "hyperlink" was coined in 1965 (or possibly 1964) by <a href="/wiki/Ted_Nelson" title="Ted Nelson">Ted Nelson</a> at the start of <a href="/wiki/Project_Xanadu" title="Project Xanadu">Project Xanadu</a>. Nelson had been inspired by "<a href="/wiki/As_We_May_Think" title="As We May Think">As We May Think</a>", a popular 1945 essay by <a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a>. In the essay, Bush described a microfilm-based machine (the <a href="/wiki/Memex" title="Memex">Memex</a>) in which one could link any two pages of information into a "trail" of related information, and then scroll back and forth among pages in a trail as if they were on a single microfilm reel.</p>
-<p>In a series of books and articles published from 1964 through 1980, Nelson transposed Bush's concept of automated cross-referencing into the computer context, made it applicable to specific text strings rather than whole pages, generalized it from a local desk-sized machine to a theoretical proprietary worldwide computer network, and advocated the creation of such a network. Though Nelson's Xanadu Corporation was eventually funded by <a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a> in the 1980s, it never created this proprietary public-access network. Meanwhile, working independently, a team led by <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Rulifson" title="Jeff Rulifson">Jeff Rulifson</a> as chief <a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">programmer</a>) was the first to implement the hyperlink concept for scrolling within a single document (1966), and soon after for connecting between paragraphs within separate documents (1968), with <a href="/wiki/NLS_(computer_system)" title="NLS (computer system)">NLS</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ben_Shneiderman" title="Ben Shneiderman">Ben Shneiderman</a> working with graduate student Dan Ostroff designed and implemented the highlighted link in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/hyperties/">HyperTIES system</a> in 1983. HyperTIES was used to produce the world's first electronic journal, the July 1988 Communications of ACM, which was cited as the source for the link concept in <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>'s Spring 1989 manifesto for the Web. In 1988, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Shneiderman" title="Ben Shneiderman">Ben Shneiderman</a> and Greg Kearsley used HyperTIES to publish "Hypertext Hands-On!", the world's first electronic book.</p>
-<p>A database program <a href="/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a> was released in 1987 for the Apple Macintosh that allowed hyperlinking between various pages within a document. In 1990, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Help" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Help">Windows Help</a>, which was introduced with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_3.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Windows 3.0">Microsoft Windows 3.0</a>, had widespread use of hyperlinks to link different pages in a single <a href="/wiki/Online_help" title="Online help">help file</a> together; in addition, it had a visually different kind of hyperlink that caused a popup help message to appear when clicked, usually to give definitions of terms introduced on the help page. The first widely used open protocol that included hyperlinks from any Internet site to any other Internet site was the <a href="/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher protocol</a> from 1991. It was soon eclipsed by HTML after the 1993 release of the <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)" title="Mosaic (web browser)">Mosaic browser</a> (which could handle Gopher links as well as HTML links). HTML's advantage was the ability to mix graphics, text, and hyperlinks, unlike Gopher, which just had menu-structured text and hyperlinks.</p>
-<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Legal issues">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
-<div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Copyright_aspects_of_hyperlinking_and_framing" title="Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing">Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing</a></div>
-<p>While hyperlinking among webpages is an intrinsic feature of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">web</a>, some websites object to being linked by other websites; some have claimed that linking to them is not allowed without permission.</p>
-<p>Contentious in particular are <a href="/wiki/Deep_linking" title="Deep linking">deep links</a>, which do not point to a site's <a href="/wiki/Home_page" title="Home page">home page</a> or other entry point designated by the site owner, but to content elsewhere, allowing the user to bypass the site's own designated flow, and <i>inline links</i>, which incorporate the content in question into the pages of the linking site, making it seem part of the linking site's own content unless an explicit attribution is added.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup></p>
-<p>In certain <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdictions</a> it is or has been held that hyperlinks are not merely <a href="/wiki/Reference" title="Reference">references</a> or <a href="/wiki/Citations" class="mw-redirect" title="Citations">citations</a>, but are devices for copying web pages. In the Netherlands, <a href="/wiki/Karin_Spaink" title="Karin Spaink">Karin Spaink</a> was initially convicted in this way of copyright infringement by linking, although this ruling was overturned in 2003. The courts that advocate this view see the mere <a href="/wiki/Publication" title="Publication">publication</a> of a hyperlink that connects to illegal material to be an illegal act in itself, regardless of whether referencing illegal material is illegal. In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Ho" title="Josephine Ho">Josephine Ho</a> was acquitted of 'hyperlinks that corrupt traditional values' in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></p>
-<p>In 2000, <a href="/wiki/British_Telecom" class="mw-redirect" title="British Telecom">British Telecom</a> sued <a href="/wiki/Prodigy_(ISP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prodigy (ISP)">Prodigy</a>, claiming that Prodigy infringed its patent (<span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/patents/US4873662">U.S. Patent 4,873,662</a></span>) on web hyperlinks. After <a href="/wiki/Litigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Litigation">litigation</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">court</a> found for Prodigy, ruling that <a href="/wiki/British_Telecom" class="mw-redirect" title="British Telecom">British Telecom</a>'s patent did not cover web hyperlinks.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup></p>
-<p>In <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a></i>, there is a distinction between the mere act of linking to someone else's website, and linking to content that is illegal (e.g., gambling illegal in the US) or <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">infringing</a> (e.g., illegal MP3 copies).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup> Several courts have found that merely linking to someone else's website, even if by bypassing commercial advertising, is not copyright or trademark infringement, regardless of how much someone else might object.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> Linking to illegal or infringing content can be sufficiently problematic to give rise to legal liability.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> For a summary of the current status of US copyright law as to hyperlinking, see the discussion regarding <a href="/wiki/Copyright_aspects_of_hyperlinking_and_framing#State_of_US_law_after_Arriba_Soft_and_Perfect_10" title="Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing">the <i>Arriba Soft</i> and <i>Perfect 10</i> cases</a>.</p>
-<p>Somewhat controversially, <a href="/wiki/Vuestar_Technologies" title="Vuestar Technologies">Vuestar Technologies</a> has tried to enforce <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patents</a> applied for by its owner, Ronald Neville Langford,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> around the world relating to search techniques using hyperlinked images to other <a href="/wiki/Websites" class="mw-redirect" title="Websites">websites</a> or web pages.<sup id="cite_ref-inquirer_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inquirer-19">[19]</a></sup></p>
-<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
-<div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3;">
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Backlink" title="Backlink">Backlink</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Dead_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead link">Dead link</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Fragment_identifier" title="Fragment identifier">Fragment identifier</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Internal_link" title="Internal link">Internal link</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Link_awareness" title="Link awareness">Link awareness</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_website_linking" class="mw-redirect" title="Methods of website linking">Methods of website linking</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Object_hyperlinking" title="Object hyperlinking">Object hyperlinking</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/PageRank" title="PageRank">PageRank</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Xenu%27s_Link_Sleuth" title="Xenu's Link Sleuth">Xenu's Link Sleuth</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
-<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
-<ol class="references">
-<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a>.com <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.seratblog.ga/2016/11/cara-membuat-backlink-yang-benar.html">http://www.seratblog.ga/2016/11/cara-membuat-backlink-yang-benar.html</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyperlink&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seratblog.ga%2F2016%2F11%2Fcara-membuat-backlink-yang-benar.html&amp;rft.pub=Merriam-Webster.com&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opensimulator.org/wiki/Hypergrid">"Hypergrid - OpenSim"</a>. Opensimulator.org. 2012-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyperlink&amp;rft.btitle=Hypergrid+-+OpenSim&amp;rft.date=2012-03-04&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopensimulator.org%2Fwiki%2FHypergrid&amp;rft.pub=Opensimulator.org&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.duke.edu/display/Cobalt/Creating,+Saving,+and+Loading+Spaces">"Creating, Saving, and Loading Spaces - Cobalt - DukeWiki"</a>. Wiki.duke.edu. 2009-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyperlink&amp;rft.btitle=Creating%2C+Saving%2C+and+Loading+Spaces+-+Cobalt+-+DukeWiki&amp;rft.date=2009-04-21&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.duke.edu%2Fdisplay%2FCobalt%2FCreating%2C%2BSaving%2C%2Band%2BLoading%2BSpaces&amp;rft.pub=Wiki.duke.edu&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wikipedia: the missing manual By John Broughton, 2008, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0596515162" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-596-51516-2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h37N0BvkVSUC&amp;pg=PA75">p. 75</a></span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.w3.org/Provider/ServerWriter.html">"Making a Server ("HREF" is for "hypertext reference")"</a>. W3.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyperlink&amp;rft.au=Tim+Berners-Lee&amp;rft.btitle=Making+a+Server+%28%22HREF%22+is+for+%22hypertext+reference%22%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FProvider%2FServerWriter.html&amp;rft.pub=W3.org&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Copyright_aspects_of_hyperlinking_and_framing#Kelly_v._Arriba_Soft" title="Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing"><i>Arriba Soft</i> case</a>. The Ninth Circuit decision in this case is the first important decision of a US court on linking. In it the Ninth Circuit held the deep linking by Arriba Soft to images on Kelly's website to be legal under the fair use doctrine.</span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208052339/http://sex.ncu.edu.tw/animal-love/news/2004Jan-Jun/Wang.pdf">"The prosecution of Taiwan sexuality researcher and activist Josephine Ho"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Sex.ncu.edu.tw. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sex.ncu.edu.tw/animal-love/news/2004Jan-Jun/Wang.pdf">the original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> on February 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyperlink&amp;rft.btitle=The+prosecution+of+Taiwan+sexuality+researcher+and+activist+Josephine+Ho&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsex.ncu.edu.tw%2Fanimal-love%2Fnews%2F2004Jan-Jun%2FWang.pdf&amp;rft.pub=Sex.ncu.edu.tw&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a> News.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030207070416/http://news.com.com/2100-1033-955001.html">Hyperlink patent case fails to click</a>. August 23, 2002.</span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20110629041507/http://www.cybertelecom.org/ip/link.htm">Cybertelecom:: Legal to Link?</a>&#160; The <i>Internet Archive</i>. Retrieved June 11, 2012.</span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ford Motor Company v. 2600 Enterprises, 177 F.Supp.2d 661 (EDMi December 20, 2001)</span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">American Civil Liberties Union v. Miller, 977 F.Supp. 1228 (ND Ga. 1997)</span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ticketmaster Corp. v. Tickets.Com, Inc., No. 99-07654 (CD Calif. March 27, 2000)</span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.uh.edu/faculty/cjoyce/copyright/release10/IntRes.html">Intellectual Reserve v. Utah Lighthouse Ministry, Inc.</a>, 75 FSupp2d 1290 (D Utah 1999)</span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Universal City Studios Inc v Reimerdes, 111 FSupp2d 294 (DCNY 2000)</span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linksandlaw.com/decision-161-comcast-illinoi-hightech-elec.pdf">Comcast of Illinois X LLC v. Hightech Elec. Inc.</a>, District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Decision of July 28, 2004, 03 C 3231</span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WebTVWire.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webtvwire.com/linking-to-infringing-content-is-probably-illegal-in-the-us/">Linking to Infringing Video is probably Illegal in the US</a>. December 10, 2006.</span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linksandlaw.com/decision-163-perfect-10-pictures-google.pdf">Perfect 10 v. Google</a>, Decision of February 21, 2006, Case No. CV 04-9484 AHM (CD Cal. 2/21/06), CRI 2006, 76–88 No liability for thumbnail links to infringing content</span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web20.telecomtv.com/pages/?newsid=43241&amp;id=e9381817-0593-417a-8639-c4c53e2a2a10&amp;view=news">TelecomTV - TelecomTV One - News</a></span></li>
-<li id="cite_note-inquirer-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inquirer_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221083137/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/093/1029093/singapore-firm-owns-pictures">All your Interwibble is belong to us</a>, Silvie Barak, <a href="/wiki/The_Inquirer" title="The Inquirer">The Inquirer</a>, 21 February 2009</span></li>
-</ol>
-</div>
-<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
-<ul>
-<li><cite class="citation journal">Weinreich, Harald; Hartmut Obendorf; Winfried Lamersdorf (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=504225">"The look of the link – concepts for the user interface of extended hyperlinks"</a>: 19. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1145%2F504216.504225">10.1145/504216.504225</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781581134209" title="Special:BookSources/9781581134209">9781581134209</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHyperlink&amp;rft.atitle=The+look+of+the+link+%93+concepts+for+the+user+interface+of+extended+hyperlinks&amp;rft.aufirst=Harald&amp;rft.au=Hartmut+Obendorf&amp;rft.aulast=Weinreich&amp;rft.au=Winfried+Lamersdorf&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.acm.org%2Fcitation.cfm%3Fid%3D504225&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F504216.504225&amp;rft.isbn=9781581134209&amp;rft.pages=19&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li>
-</ul>
-<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Widgets_.28List_of_.E2.80.A6.29" style="padding:3px">
-<table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit">
-<tr>
-<th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2">
-<div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini">
-<ul>
-<li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GUI_widgets" title="Template:GUI widgets"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</abbr></a></li>
-<li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GUI_widgets" title="Template talk:GUI widgets"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</abbr></a></li>
-<li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:GUI_widgets&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</abbr></a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<div id="Widgets_.28List_of_.E2.80.A6.29" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Widget_(GUI)" title="Widget (GUI)">Widgets</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_graphical_user_interface_elements" title="List of graphical user interface elements">List of …</a>)</small></div>
-</th>
-</tr>
-<tr style="height:2px">
-<td colspan="2"></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Command input</th>
-<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
-<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Adjustment_handle" title="Adjustment handle">Adjustment handle</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Button_(computing)" title="Button (computing)">Button</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Context_menu" title="Context menu">Context menu</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Drop-down_list" title="Drop-down list">Drop-down list</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Hamburger_button" title="Hamburger button">Hamburger button</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Menu_(computing)" title="Menu (computing)">Menu</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Pie_menu" title="Pie menu">Pie menu</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr style="height:2px">
-<td colspan="2"></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Data input-output</th>
-<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
-<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Checkbox" title="Checkbox">Checkbox</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Color_tool" title="Color tool">Color picker</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Combo_box" title="Combo box">Combo box</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_button" title="Cycle button">Cycle button</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Date_Picker" title="Date Picker">Date Picker</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Grid_view" title="Grid view">Grid view</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/List_box" title="List box">List box</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/List_builder" title="List builder">List builder</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Radio_button" title="Radio button">Radio button</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Scrollbar" title="Scrollbar">Scrollbar</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Search_box" title="Search box">Search box</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Slider_(computing)" title="Slider (computing)">Slider</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Spinner_(computing)" title="Spinner (computing)">Spinner</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Text_box" title="Text box">Text box</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr style="height:2px">
-<td colspan="2"></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Informational</th>
-<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
-<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_help" title="Balloon help">Balloon help</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/HUD_(computing)" title="HUD (computing)">Head-up display in computing</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/HUD_(video_gaming)" title="HUD (video gaming)">Head-up display in video games</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Icon_(computing)" title="Icon (computing)">Icon</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Infobar" title="Infobar">Infobar</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Label_(control)" title="Label (control)">Label</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Loading_screen" title="Loading screen">Loading screen</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Progress_indicator" title="Progress indicator">Progress indicator</a>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Progress_bar" title="Progress bar">Progress bar</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Splash_screen" title="Splash screen">Splash screen</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Throbber" title="Throbber">Throbber</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Sidebar_(computing)" title="Sidebar (computing)">Sidebar</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Status_bar" title="Status bar">Status bar</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Pop-up_notification" title="Pop-up notification">Toast</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Tooltip" title="Tooltip">Tooltip</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr style="height:2px">
-<td colspan="2"></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Containers</th>
-<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
-<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Accordion_(GUI)" title="Accordion (GUI)">Accordion</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Disclosure_widget" title="Disclosure widget">Disclosure widget</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Frame_(GUI)" title="Frame (GUI)">Frame/Fieldset</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Menu_bar" title="Menu bar">Menu bar</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Panel_(computer_software)" title="Panel (computer software)">Panel</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Popover_(GUI)" title="Popover (GUI)">Popover</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_(computing)" title="Ribbon (computing)">Ribbon</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Tab_(GUI)" title="Tab (GUI)">Tab</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Toolbar" title="Toolbar">Toolbar</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Window_(computing)" title="Window (computing)">Window</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Workspace" title="Workspace">Workspace</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr style="height:2px">
-<td colspan="2"></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Navigational</th>
-<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
-<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Address_bar" title="Address bar">Address bar</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Breadcrumb_(navigation)" title="Breadcrumb (navigation)">Breadcrumb</a></li>
-<li><strong class="selflink">Hyperlink</strong></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Navigation_bar" title="Navigation bar">Navigation bar</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_desktop" title="Virtual desktop">Pager</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Tree_view" title="Tree view">Tree view</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr style="height:2px">
-<td colspan="2"></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><span class="nowrap">Special <a href="/wiki/Window_(computing)" title="Window (computing)">windows</a></span></th>
-<td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
-<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Alert_dialog_box" title="Alert dialog box">Alert dialog box</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Dialog_box" title="Dialog box">Dialog box</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/File_dialog" title="File dialog">File dialog</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Inspector_window" title="Inspector window">Inspector window</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Modal_window" title="Modal window">Modal window</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Palette_window" title="Palette window">Palette window</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr style="height:2px">
-<td colspan="2"></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Related concepts</th>
-<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
-<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
-<ul>
-<li><a href="/wiki/File_viewer" title="File viewer">File viewer</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_graphical_user_interface_elements" title="List of graphical user interface elements">List of graphical user interface elements</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Layout_manager" title="Layout manager">Layout manager</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Look_and_feel" title="Look and feel">Look and feel</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Mouseover" title="Mouseover">Mouseover</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/Widget_toolkit" title="Widget toolkit">Widget toolkit</a></li>
-<li><a href="/wiki/WIMP_(computing)" title="WIMP (computing)">WIMP</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px">
-<table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit">
-<tr>
-<th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a></th>
-<td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px">
-<div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
-<ul>
-<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4617682-2">4617682-2</a></span></span></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-
-<!--
-NewPP limit report
-Parsed by mw1270
-Cached time: 20170405145615
-Cache expiry: 2592000
-Dynamic content: false
-CPU time usage: 0.144 seconds
-Real time usage: 0.182 seconds
-Preprocessor visited node count: 821/1000000
-Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000
-Post‐expand include size: 27309/2097152 bytes
-Template argument size: 162/2097152 bytes
-Highest expansion depth: 7/40
-Expensive parser function count: 0/500
-Lua time usage: 0.052/10.000 seconds
-Lua memory usage: 2.36 MB/50 MB
--->
-<!--
-Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)
-100.00% 129.046 1 -total
- 38.15% 49.232 1 Template:Reflist
- 28.40% 36.653 5 Template:Cite_web
- 17.45% 22.517 1 Template:Authority_control
- 12.50% 16.126 1 Template:Selfref
- 11.44% 14.769 1 Template:Hatnote
- 9.40% 12.135 1 Template:Graphical_control_elements
- 7.44% 9.607 1 Template:Navbox
- 5.92% 7.638 3 Template:Main_article
- 4.48% 5.786 1 Template:Cite_journal
--->
-
-<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:49547-0!*!0!!en!4!* and timestamp 20170405145615 and revision id 773097660
- -->
-<noscript><img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" /></noscript></div> <div class="printfooter">
- Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;oldid=773097660">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;oldid=773097660</a>" </div>
- <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Graphical_control_elements" title="Category:Graphical control elements">Graphical control elements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Wide_Web" title="Category:World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hypertext" title="Category:Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_citations_lacking_titles" title="Category:Pages with citations lacking titles">Pages with citations lacking titles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_citations_having_bare_URLs" title="Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs">Pages with citations having bare URLs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Category:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_GND_identifiers" title="Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers">Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="visualClear"></div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div id="mw-navigation">
- <h2>Navigation menu</h2>
-
- <div id="mw-head">
- <div id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label">
- <h3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</h3>
- <ul>
- <li id="pt-anonuserpage">Not logged in</li><li id="pt-anontalk"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Hyperlink" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Hyperlink" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li> </ul>
- </div>
- <div id="left-navigation">
- <div id="p-namespaces" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label">
- <h3 id="p-namespaces-label">Namespaces</h3>
- <ul>
- <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><span><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></span></li>
- <li id="ca-talk"><span><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hyperlink" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t" rel="discussion">Talk</a></span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div id="p-variants" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label">
- <h3 id="p-variants-label">
- <span>Variants</span><a href="#"></a>
- </h3>
-
- <div class="menu">
- <ul>
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div id="right-navigation">
- <div id="p-views" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label">
- <h3 id="p-views-label">Views</h3>
- <ul>
- <li id="ca-view" class="selected"><span><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" >Read</a></span></li>
- <li id="ca-edit"><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></span></li>
- <li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></span></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div id="p-cactions" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label">
- <h3 id="p-cactions-label"><span>More</span><a href="#"></a></h3>
-
- <div class="menu">
- <ul>
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div id="p-search" role="search">
- <h3>
- <label for="searchInput">Search</label>
- </h3>
-
- <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform">
- <div id="simpleSearch">
- <input type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"/><input type="hidden" value="Special:Search" name="title"/><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search" title="Search Wikipedia for this text" id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton"/><input type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton"/> </div>
- </form>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div id="mw-panel">
- <div id="p-logo" role="banner"><a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></a></div>
- <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-navigation' aria-labelledby='p-navigation-label'>
- <h3 id='p-navigation-label'>Navigation</h3>
-
- <div class="body">
- <ul>
- <li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content – the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</a></li><li id="n-currentevents"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-sitesupport"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-shoplink"><a href="//shop.wikimedia.org" title="Visit the Wikipedia store">Wikipedia store</a></li> </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-interaction' aria-labelledby='p-interaction-label'>
- <h3 id='p-interaction-label'>Interaction</h3>
-
- <div class="body">
- <ul>
- <li id="n-help"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-portal"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-contactpage"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact page</a></li> </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-tb' aria-labelledby='p-tb-label'>
- <h3 id='p-tb-label'>Tools</h3>
-
- <div class="body">
- <ul>
- <li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hyperlink" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hyperlink" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;oldid=773097660" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-wikibase"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102014" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li><li id="t-cite"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Hyperlink&amp;id=773097660" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li> </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-coll-print_export' aria-labelledby='p-coll-print_export-label'>
- <h3 id='p-coll-print_export-label'>Print/export</h3>
-
- <div class="body">
- <ul>
- <li id="coll-create_a_book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Hyperlink">Create a book</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rdf2latex"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&amp;bookcmd=render_article&amp;arttitle=Hyperlink&amp;returnto=Hyperlink&amp;oldid=773097660&amp;writer=rdf2latex">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-lang' aria-labelledby='p-lang-label'>
- <h3 id='p-lang-label'>Languages</h3>
-
- <div class="body">
- <ul>
- <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skakel" title="Skakel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="رابط تشعبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95" title="হাইপারলিংক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хипервръзка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link" title="Link – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link" title="Link – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gourliamm" title="Gourliamm – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlla%C3%A7_(inform%C3%A0tica)" title="Enllaç (informàtica) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCperlink" title="Hüperlink – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Σύνδεσμος (πληροφορική) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperenlace" title="Hiperenlace – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperligilo" title="Hiperligilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperlotura" title="Hiperlotura – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="ابرپیوند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlien" title="Hyperlien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipearnasc" title="Hipearnasc – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperligaz%C3%B3n" title="Hiperligazón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8D%BC%EB%A7%81%ED%81%AC" title="하이퍼링크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հիպերհղում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poveznica" title="Poveznica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranala" title="Pranala – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegamento_ipertestuale" title="Collegamento ipertestuale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8" title="קישור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranala" title="Pranala – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABnk" title="Lënk – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Еренсілтеме – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Байт – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nexus" title="Nexus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipersaite" title="Hipersaite – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperhivatkoz%C3%A1s" title="Hiperhivatkozás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хиперврска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ഹൈപ്പർലിങ്ക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="हायपरलिंक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperpautan" title="Hiperpautan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetverwiezing" title="Internetverwiezing – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" title="ハイパーリンク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlenke" title="Hyperlenke – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang="no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperkopling" title="Hyperkopling – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Гиперушык – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link" title="Link – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiper%C5%82%C4%85cze" title="Hiperłącze – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperliga%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Hiperligação – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperlink" title="Hiperlink – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Гиперодказ – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гиперссылка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tejlidhje" title="Tejlidhje – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipirculligamentu" title="Ipirculligamentu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link" title="Link – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperpovezava" title="Hiperpovezava – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9" title="ھایپەرلینک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردیی ناوەندی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хипервеза – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiperlink" title="Hiperlink – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlinkki" title="Hyperlinkki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperl%C3%A4nk" title="Hyperlänk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="மீயிணைப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Гиперсылтама – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча/tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="హైపర్ లింక్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C" title="ไฮเปอร์ลิงก์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Гіперпосилання – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%DA%A9" title="ہائپرلنک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%AAu_li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt" title="Siêu liên kết – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5rd%C3%AAye_(Daegntoele)" title="Hårdêye (Daegntoele) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABkkalekaay" title="Lëkkalekaay – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90" title="超連結 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul>
- <div class='after-portlet after-portlet-lang'><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102014#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
- <ul id="footer-info">
- <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last modified on 31 March 2017, at 08:07.</li>
- <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a><a rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="display:none;"></a>;
-additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a href="//www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li>
- </ul>
- <ul id="footer-places">
- <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li>
- <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li>
- <li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li>
- <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li>
- <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute">Developers</a></li>
- <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li>
- <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyperlink&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li>
- </ul>
- <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint">
- <li id="footer-copyrightico">
- <a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/"><img src="/static/images/wikimedia-button.png" srcset="/static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x" width="88" height="31" alt="Wikimedia Foundation"/></a> </li>
- <li id="footer-poweredbyico">
- <a href="//www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31"/></a> </li>
- </ul>
- <div style="clear:both"></div>
- </div>
- <script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.144","walltime":"0.182","ppvisitednodes":{"value":821,"limit":1000000},"ppgeneratednodes":{"value":0,"limit":1500000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":27309,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":162,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":7,"limit":40},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 129.046 1 -total"," 38.15% 49.232 1 Template:Reflist"," 28.40% 36.653 5 Template:Cite_web"," 17.45% 22.517 1 Template:Authority_control"," 12.50% 16.126 1 Template:Selfref"," 11.44% 14.769 1 Template:Hatnote"," 9.40% 12.135 1 Template:Graphical_control_elements"," 7.44% 9.607 1 Template:Navbox"," 5.92% 7.638 3 Template:Main_article"," 4.48% 5.786 1 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.052","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2476036,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw1270","timestamp":"20170405145615","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script><script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":276,"wgHostname":"mw1270"});});</script>
- </body>
-</html>
diff --git a/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/bench.ex b/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/bench.ex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e2cf8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/bench.ex
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+defmodule Mix.Tasks.FastHtml.Bench do
+ @moduledoc "Benchmarking task."
+
+ use Mix.Task
+
+ @input_dir "lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html"
+
+ def run(_) do
+ Application.ensure_all_started(:fast_html)
+
+ inputs =
+ Enum.reduce(File.ls!(@input_dir), %{}, fn input_name, acc ->
+ input = File.read!(Path.join(@input_dir, input_name))
+ Map.put(acc, input_name, input)
+ end)
+
+ Benchee.run(
+ %{
+ "Decoding" => fn input -> :fast_html.decode(input) end
+ },
+ inputs: inputs,
+ save: [path: "fast_html.bench"],
+ load: "fast_html.bench"
+ )
+ end
+end
diff --git a/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/document-large.html b/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/document-large.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb7ce94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/document-large.html
@@ -0,0 +1,105320 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=en-GB-x-hixie class=big><title>HTML Standard</title><script>
+ var loadTimer = new Date();
+ var current_revision = "r" + "$Revision: 8642 $".substr(11);
+ current_revision = current_revision.substr(0, current_revision.length - 2);
+ var last_known_revision = current_revision;
+ function F( /* varargs... */) {
+ var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
+ for (var index = 0; index < arguments.length; index += 1) {
+ if (arguments[index] instanceof Array) {
+ fragment.appendChild(F.apply(this, arguments[index]));
+ } else if (typeof arguments[index] == 'string') {
+ fragment.appendChild(document.createTextNode(arguments[index]));
+ } else {
+ fragment.appendChild(arguments[index]);
+ }
+ }
+ return fragment;
+ }
+ function E(name, /* optional */ attributes /*, varargs... */) {
+ var element = document.createElement(name);
+ var index = 1;
+ if ((arguments.length > 1) && (typeof attributes != 'string') &&
+ (!(attributes instanceof Node)) && (!(attributes instanceof Array))) {
+ for (var attName in attributes) {
+ if (typeof attributes[attName] == 'boolean') {
+ if (attributes[attName])
+ element.setAttribute(attName, '');
+ } else if (typeof attributes[attName] == 'function') {
+ element[attName] = attributes[attName];
+ } else {
+ element.setAttribute(attName, attributes[attName]);
+ }
+ }
+ index = 2;
+ }
+ for (; index < arguments.length; index += 1) {
+ if (arguments[index] instanceof Array) {
+ element.appendChild(F.apply(this, arguments[index]));
+ } else if (typeof arguments[index] == 'string') {
+ element.appendChild(document.createTextNode(arguments[index]));
+ } else {
+ element.appendChild(arguments[index]);
+ }
+ }
+ return element;
+ }
+ function getCookie(name) {
+ var params = location.search.substr(1).split("&");
+ for (var index = 0; index < params.length; index++) {
+ if (params[index] == name)
+ return "1";
+ var data = params[index].split("=");
+ if (data[0] == name)
+ return unescape(data[1]);
+ }
+ var cookies = document.cookie.split("; ");
+ for (var index = 0; index < cookies.length; index++) {
+ var data = cookies[index].split("=");
+ if (data[0] == name)
+ return unescape(data[1]);
+ }
+ return null;
+ }
+ var currentAlert;
+ var currentAlertTimeout;
+ function showAlert(s, href) {
+ if (!currentAlert) {
+ currentAlert = document.createElement('div');
+ currentAlert.id = 'alert';
+ var x = document.createElement('button');
+ x.textContent = '\u2573';
+ x.onclick = closeAlert2;
+ currentAlert.appendChild(x);
+ currentAlert.appendChild(document.createElement('span'));
+ currentAlert.onmousemove = function () {
+ clearTimeout(currentAlertTimeout);
+ currentAlert.className = '';
+ currentAlertTimeout = setTimeout(closeAlert, 10000);
+ }
+ document.body.appendChild(currentAlert);
+ } else {
+ clearTimeout(currentAlertTimeout);
+ currentAlert.className = '';
+ }
+ currentAlert.lastChild.textContent = '';
+ currentAlert.lastChild.appendChild(F(s));
+ if (href) {
+ var link = document.createElement('a');
+ link.href = href;
+ link.textContent = href;
+ currentAlert.lastChild.appendChild(F(' ', link));
+ }
+ currentAlertTimeout = setTimeout(closeAlert, 10000);
+ }
+ function closeAlert() {
+ clearTimeout(currentAlertTimeout);
+ if (currentAlert) {
+ currentAlert.className = 'closed';
+ currentAlertTimeout = setTimeout(closeAlert2, 3000);
+ }
+ }
+ function closeAlert2() {
+ clearTimeout(currentAlertTimeout);
+ if (currentAlert) {
+ currentAlert.parentNode.removeChild(currentAlert);
+ currentAlert = null;
+ }
+ }
+ window.addEventListener('keydown', function (event) {
+ if (event.keyCode == 27) {
+ if (currentAlert)
+ closeAlert2();
+ } else {
+ closeAlert();
+ }
+ }, false);
+ window.addEventListener('scroll', function (event) {
+ closeAlert();
+ }, false);
+ function load(script) {
+ var e = document.createElement('script');
+ e.setAttribute('src', '//www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/' + script);
+ document.body.appendChild(e);
+ }
+ </script><link rel=stylesheet href=//www.whatwg.org/style/specification><link rel=icon href=//www.whatwg.org/images/icon><style>
+ .proposal { border: blue solid; padding: 1em; }
+ .bad, .bad *:not(.XXX) { color: gray; border-color: gray; background: transparent; }
+ #updatesStatus { display: none; z-index: 10; }
+ #updatesStatus.relevant { display: block; position: fixed; right: 1em; top: 1em; padding: 0.5em; font: bold small sans-serif; min-width: 25em; width: 30%; max-width: 40em; height: auto; border: ridge 4px gray; background: #EEEEEE; color: black; }
+ div.head .logo { width: 11em; margin-bottom: 20em; }
+ #configUI { position: absolute; z-index: 20; top: auto; right: 0; width: 11em; padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; font-size: small; background: gray; background: rgba(32,32,32,0.9); color: white; border-radius: 1em 0 0 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em 0 0 1em; }
+ #configUI p { margin: 0.75em 0; padding: 0.3em; }
+ #configUI p label { display: block; }
+ #configUI #updateUI, #configUI .loginUI { text-align: center; }
+ #configUI input[type=button] { display: block; margin: auto; }
+ #configUI :link, #configUI :visited { color: white; }
+ #configUI :link:hover, #configUI :visited:hover { background: transparent; }
+ #alert { position: fixed; top: 20%; left: 20%; right: 20%; font-size: 2em; padding: 0.5em; z-index: 40; background: gray; background: rgba(32,32,32,0.9); color: white; border-radius: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 1em; -webkit-transition: opacity 1s linear; }
+ #alert.closed { opacity: 0; }
+ #alert button { position: absolute; top: -1em; right: 2em; border-radius: 1em 1em 0 0; border: none; line-height: 0.9; color: white; background: rgb(64,64,64); font-size: 0.6em; font-weight: 900; cursor: pointer; }
+ #alert :link, #alert :visited { color: white; }
+ #alert :link:hover, #alert :visited:hover { background: transparent; }
+ @media print { #configUI { display: none; } }
+ .rfc2119 { font-variant: small-caps; text-shadow: 0 0 0.5em yellow; position: static; }
+ .rfc2119::after { position: absolute; left: 0; width: 25px; text-align: center; color: yellow; text-shadow: 0.075em 0.075em 0.2em black; }
+ .rfc2119.m\ust::after { content: '\2605'; }
+ .rfc2119.s\hould::after { content: '\2606'; }
+ [hidden] { display: none; }
+ </style><style type=text/css>
+
+ .fingerprint { float: right; }
+
+ .applies thead th > * { display: block; }
+ .applies thead code { display: block; }
+ .applies td { text-align: center; }
+ .applies .yes { background: yellow; }
+
+ .matrix, .matrix td { border: hidden; text-align: right; }
+ .matrix { margin-left: 2em; }
+
+ .vertical-summary-table tr > th[rowspan="2"]:first-child + th,
+ .vertical-summary-table tr > td[rowspan="2"]:first-child + td { border-bottom: hidden; }
+
+ .dice-example { border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden solid solid hidden; border-width: thin; margin-left: 3em; }
+ .dice-example caption { width: 30em; font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: left; }
+ .dice-example td, .dice-example th { border: solid thin; width: 1.35em; height: 1.05em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }
+
+ td.eg { border-width: thin; text-align: center; }
+
+ #table-example-1 { border: solid thin; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 3em; }
+ #table-example-1 * { font-family: "Essays1743", serif; line-height: 1.01em; }
+ #table-example-1 caption { padding-bottom: 0.5em; }
+ #table-example-1 thead, #table-example-1 tbody { border: none; }
+ #table-example-1 th, #table-example-1 td { border: solid thin; }
+ #table-example-1 th { font-weight: normal; }
+ #table-example-1 td { border-style: none solid; vertical-align: top; }
+ #table-example-1 th { padding: 0.5em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; }
+ #table-example-1 tbody tr:first-child td { padding-top: 0.5em; }
+ #table-example-1 tbody tr:last-child td { padding-bottom: 1.5em; }
+ #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child { padding-left: 2.5em; padding-right: 0; width: 9em; }
+ #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child::after { content: leader(". "); }
+ #table-example-1 tbody td { padding-left: 2em; padding-right: 2em; }
+ #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td { width: 10em; }
+ #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td ~ td { width: 2.5em; }
+ #table-example-1 tbody td:first-child + td + td + td ~ td { width: 1.25em; }
+
+ .apple-table-examples { border: none; border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 1.5em 0em; width: 40em; margin-left: 3em; }
+ .apple-table-examples * { font-family: "Times", serif; }
+ .apple-table-examples td, .apple-table-examples th { border: none; white-space: nowrap; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
+ .apple-table-examples tbody th:first-child { border-left: none; width: 100%; }
+ .apple-table-examples thead th:first-child ~ th { font-size: smaller; font-weight: bolder; border-bottom: solid 2px; text-align: center; }
+ .apple-table-examples tbody th::after, .apple-table-examples tfoot th::after { content: leader(". ") }
+ .apple-table-examples tbody th, .apple-table-examples tfoot th { font: inherit; text-align: left; }
+ .apple-table-examples td { text-align: right; vertical-align: top; }
+ .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: solid 1px; }
+ .apple-table-examples.e1 tbody + tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: double 3px; }
+ .apple-table-examples.e2 th[scope=row] { padding-left: 1em; }
+ .apple-table-examples sup { line-height: 0; }
+
+ .three-column-nowrap tr > td:first-child,
+ .three-column-nowrap tr > td:first-child + td,
+ .three-column-nowrap tr > td:first-child + td + td { white-space: nowrap; }
+
+ .details-example img { vertical-align: top; }
+
+ #base64-table {
+ white-space: nowrap;
+ font-size: 0.6em;
+ column-width: 6em;
+ column-count: 5;
+ column-gap: 1em;
+ -moz-column-width: 6em;
+ -moz-column-count: 5;
+ -moz-column-gap: 1em;
+ -webkit-column-width: 6em;
+ -webkit-column-count: 5;
+ -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
+ }
+ #base64-table thead { display: none; }
+ #base64-table * { border: none; }
+ #base64-table tbody td:first-child:after { content: ':'; }
+ #base64-table tbody td:last-child { text-align: right; }
+
+ #named-character-references-table {
+ white-space: nowrap;
+ font-size: 0.6em;
+ column-width: 30em;
+ column-gap: 1em;
+ -moz-column-width: 30em;
+ -moz-column-gap: 1em;
+ -webkit-column-width: 30em;
+ -webkit-column-gap: 1em;
+ }
+ #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:first-child + td,
+ #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child { text-align: center; }
+ #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr > td:last-child:hover > span { position: absolute; top: auto; left: auto; margin-left: 0.5em; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 5em; border: outset; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; background: white; width: 1.25em; height: auto; text-align: center; }
+ #named-character-references-table > table > tbody > tr#entity-CounterClockwiseContourIntegral > td:first-child { font-size: 0.5em; }
+
+ .glyph.control { color: red; }
+
+ @font-face {
+ font-family: 'Essays1743';
+ src: url('//www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743.ttf');
+ }
+ @font-face {
+ font-family: 'Essays1743';
+ font-weight: bold;
+ src: url('//www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-Bold.ttf');
+ }
+ @font-face {
+ font-family: 'Essays1743';
+ font-style: italic;
+ src: url('//www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-Italic.ttf');
+ }
+ @font-face {
+ font-family: 'Essays1743';
+ font-style: italic;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ src: url('//www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/fonts/Essays1743-BoldItalic.ttf');
+ }
+
+ </style><link rel=stylesheet href=data:text/css, title=Normal><link rel="stylesheet alternate" href=data:text/css,.impl%20{%20background:%20pink;%20} title="Highlight implementation-only prose"><link rel=stylesheet href=status.css><script>
+ var startedInit = 0;
+ function init() {
+ startedInit = 1;
+ if (location.search == '?slow-browser')
+ return;
+ load('reviewer.js');
+ if (document.documentElement.className == "big" || document.documentElement.className == "big split index")
+ load('toc.js');
+ load('updater.js');
+ load('dfn.js');
+ load('status.js');
+ if (getCookie('profile') == '1')
+ document.getElementsByTagName('h2')[0].textContent += '; load: ' + (new Date() - loadTimer) + 'ms';
+ }
+ if (document.documentElement.className == "")
+ setTimeout(function () {
+ if (!startedInit)
+ showAlert("Too slow? Try reading the multipage copy of the spec instead:", "http://whatwg.org/html");
+ }, 6000);
+
+ window.addEventListener('keypress', function (event) {
+ if ((event.which == 114) && (event.metaKey)) {
+ if (!confirm('Are you sure you want to reload this page?'))
+ event.preventDefault();
+ }
+ }, false);
+
+ </script><body onload=init()>
+ <header class="head with-buttons" id=head><p><a href=//www.whatwg.org/ class=logo><img width=101 src=/images/logo alt=WHATWG height=101></a></p>
+ <hgroup><h1 class=allcaps>HTML</h1>
+ <h2 class="no-num no-toc">Living Standard &mdash; Last Updated 18 May 2014</h2>
+ </hgroup><div>
+ <div>
+ <a href=//whatwg.org/html><span><strong>Multipage Version</strong> <code>whatwg.org/html</code></span></a>
+ <a href=//whatwg.org/c><span><strong>One-Page Version</strong> <code>whatwg.org/c</code></span></a>
+ <a href=//whatwg.org/pdf><span><strong>PDF Version</strong> <code>whatwg.org/pdf</code></span></a>
+ <a href=http://developers.whatwg.org/><span><strong>Developer Version</strong> <code>developers.whatwg.org</code></span></a>
+ </div>
+ <div>
+ <a href=//whatwg.org/faq class=misc><span><strong>FAQ</strong> <code>whatwg.org/faq</code></span></a>
+ <a href=http://validator.whatwg.org/ class=misc><span><strong>Validators</strong> <code>validator.whatwg.org</code></span></a>
+ </div>
+ <div>
+ <a href=//www.whatwg.org/mailing-list class=comms><span><strong>Join our Mailing List</strong> <code>whatwg@whatwg.org</code></span></a>
+ <a href=http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/IRC class=comms><span><strong>Join us on IRC</strong> <code>#whatwg on Freenode</code></span></a>
+ <a href=http://forums.whatwg.org/ class=comms><span><strong>Join our Forums</strong> <code>forums.whatwg.org</code></span></a>
+ </div>
+ <div>
+ <!--<a class="changes" href="http://svn.whatwg.org/webapps"><span><strong>SVN Repository</strong> <code>svn.whatwg.org/webapps</code></span></a>-->
+ <a href=http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker class=changes><span><strong>Change Log</strong> <code>html5.org's tracker</code></span></a>
+ <a href=http://twitter.com/WHATWG class=changes><span><strong>Twitter Updates</strong> <code>@WHATWG</code></span></a>
+ </div>
+ <div>
+ <a href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/buglist.cgi?bug_status=UNCONFIRMED&amp;bug_status=NEW&amp;bug_status=ASSIGNED&amp;bug_status=REOPENED&amp;component=HTML&amp;product=WHATWG" class=feedback><span><strong>View Open Bugs</strong> <code>filed in Bugzilla</code></span></a>
+ <a href=//www.whatwg.org/newbug class=feedback><span><strong>File a Bug</strong> <code>whatwg.org/newbug</code></span></a>
+ <a href=http://ian.hixie.ch/+ class=feedback><span><strong>E-mail the Editor</strong> <code>ian@hixie.ch</code></span></a>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </header><hr><div id=configUI></div>
+
+ <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=contents>Table of contents</h2>
+
+<!--begin-toc-->
+<ol class=toc>
+ <li><a href=#introduction><span class=secno>1 </span>Introduction</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#abstract><span class=secno>1.1 </span>Where does this specification fit?</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#is-this-html5?><span class=secno>1.2 </span>Is this HTML5?</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#background><span class=secno>1.3 </span>Background</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#audience><span class=secno>1.4 </span>Audience</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#scope><span class=secno>1.5 </span>Scope</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#history-1><span class=secno>1.6 </span>History</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#design-notes><span class=secno>1.7 </span>Design notes</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#serializability-of-script-execution><span class=secno>1.7.1 </span>Serializability of script execution</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#compliance-with-other-specifications><span class=secno>1.7.2 </span>Compliance with other specifications</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#extensibility><span class=secno>1.7.3 </span>Extensibility</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#html-vs-xhtml><span class=secno>1.8 </span>HTML vs XHTML</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#structure-of-this-specification><span class=secno>1.9 </span>Structure of this specification</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#how-to-read-this-specification><span class=secno>1.9.1 </span>How to read this specification</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#typographic-conventions><span class=secno>1.9.2 </span>Typographic conventions</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#fingerprint><span class=secno>1.10 </span>Privacy concerns</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#a-quick-introduction-to-html><span class=secno>1.11 </span>A quick introduction to HTML</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#writing-secure-applications-with-html><span class=secno>1.11.1 </span>Writing secure applications with HTML</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#common-pitfalls-to-avoid-when-using-the-scripting-apis><span class=secno>1.11.2 </span>Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#how-to-catch-mistakes-when-writing-html:-validators-and-conformance-checkers><span class=secno>1.11.3 </span>How to catch mistakes when writing HTML: validators and conformance checkers</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#conformance-requirements-for-authors><span class=secno>1.12 </span>Conformance requirements for authors</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#presentational-markup><span class=secno>1.12.1 </span>Presentational markup</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#syntax-errors><span class=secno>1.12.2 </span>Syntax errors</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#restrictions-on-content-models-and-on-attribute-values><span class=secno>1.12.3 </span>Restrictions on content models and on attribute values</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#suggested-reading><span class=secno>1.13 </span>Suggested reading</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#infrastructure><span class=secno>2 </span>Common infrastructure</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#terminology><span class=secno>2.1 </span>Terminology</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#resources><span class=secno>2.1.1 </span>Resources</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#xml><span class=secno>2.1.2 </span>XML</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#dom-trees><span class=secno>2.1.3 </span>DOM trees</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#scripting-0><span class=secno>2.1.4 </span>Scripting</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#plugins><span class=secno>2.1.5 </span>Plugins</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#encoding-terminology><span class=secno>2.1.6 </span>Character encodings</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#conformance-requirements><span class=secno>2.2 </span>Conformance requirements</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#conformance-classes><span class=secno>2.2.1 </span>Conformance classes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#dependencies><span class=secno>2.2.2 </span>Dependencies</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#extensibility-0><span class=secno>2.2.3 </span>Extensibility</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#interactions-with-xpath-and-xslt><span class=secno>2.2.4 </span>Interactions with XPath and XSLT</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#case-sensitivity-and-string-comparison><span class=secno>2.3 </span>Case-sensitivity and string comparison</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#common-microsyntaxes><span class=secno>2.4 </span>Common microsyntaxes</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#common-parser-idioms><span class=secno>2.4.1 </span>Common parser idioms</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#boolean-attributes><span class=secno>2.4.2 </span>Boolean attributes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#keywords-and-enumerated-attributes><span class=secno>2.4.3 </span>Keywords and enumerated attributes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#numbers><span class=secno>2.4.4 </span>Numbers</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#signed-integers><span class=secno>2.4.4.1 </span>Signed integers</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#non-negative-integers><span class=secno>2.4.4.2 </span>Non-negative integers</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#floating-point-numbers><span class=secno>2.4.4.3 </span>Floating-point numbers</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#percentages-and-dimensions><span class=secno>2.4.4.4 </span>Percentages and lengths</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#lists-of-integers><span class=secno>2.4.4.5 </span>Lists of integers</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#lists-of-dimensions><span class=secno>2.4.4.6 </span>Lists of dimensions</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#dates-and-times><span class=secno>2.4.5 </span>Dates and times</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#months><span class=secno>2.4.5.1 </span>Months</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#dates><span class=secno>2.4.5.2 </span>Dates</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#yearless-dates><span class=secno>2.4.5.3 </span>Yearless dates</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#times><span class=secno>2.4.5.4 </span>Times</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#local-dates-and-times><span class=secno>2.4.5.5 </span>Local dates and times</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#time-zones><span class=secno>2.4.5.6 </span>Time zones</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#global-dates-and-times><span class=secno>2.4.5.7 </span>Global dates and times</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#weeks><span class=secno>2.4.5.8 </span>Weeks</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#durations><span class=secno>2.4.5.9 </span>Durations</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#vaguer-moments-in-time><span class=secno>2.4.5.10 </span>Vaguer moments in time</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#colors><span class=secno>2.4.6 </span>Colors</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#space-separated-tokens><span class=secno>2.4.7 </span>Space-separated tokens</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#comma-separated-tokens><span class=secno>2.4.8 </span>Comma-separated tokens</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#syntax-references><span class=secno>2.4.9 </span>References</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#mq><span class=secno>2.4.10 </span>Media queries</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#urls><span class=secno>2.5 </span>URLs</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#terminology-0><span class=secno>2.5.1 </span>Terminology</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#resolving-urls><span class=secno>2.5.2 </span>Resolving URLs</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#dynamic-changes-to-base-urls><span class=secno>2.5.3 </span>Dynamic changes to base URLs</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#fetching-resources><span class=secno>2.6 </span>Fetching resources</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#terminology-1><span class=secno>2.6.1 </span>Terminology</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#processing-model><span class=secno>2.6.2 </span>Processing model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#encrypted-http-and-related-security-concerns><span class=secno>2.6.3 </span>Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#content-type-sniffing><span class=secno>2.6.4 </span>Determining the type of a resource</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#extracting-character-encodings-from-meta-elements><span class=secno>2.6.5 </span>Extracting character encodings from <code>meta</code> elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#cors-settings-attributes><span class=secno>2.6.6 </span>CORS settings attributes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#cors-enabled-fetch><span class=secno>2.6.7 </span>CORS-enabled fetch</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#common-dom-interfaces><span class=secno>2.7 </span>Common DOM interfaces</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes><span class=secno>2.7.1 </span>Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#collections-0><span class=secno>2.7.2 </span>Collections</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#htmlallcollection-0><span class=secno>2.7.2.1 </span>HTMLAllCollection</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#htmlformcontrolscollection-0><span class=secno>2.7.2.2 </span>HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#htmloptionscollection-0><span class=secno>2.7.2.3 </span>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#htmlpropertiescollection-0><span class=secno>2.7.2.4 </span>HTMLPropertiesCollection</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#domstringmap-0><span class=secno>2.7.3 </span>DOMStringMap</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#domelementmap-0><span class=secno>2.7.4 </span>DOMElementMap</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#transferable-objects><span class=secno>2.7.5 </span>Transferable objects</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#safe-passing-of-structured-data><span class=secno>2.7.6 </span>Safe passing of structured data</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#callbacks><span class=secno>2.7.7 </span>Callbacks</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#garbage-collection><span class=secno>2.7.8 </span>Garbage collection</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#namespaces><span class=secno>2.8 </span>Namespaces</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#dom><span class=secno>3 </span>Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#documents><span class=secno>3.1 </span>Documents</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-document-object><span class=secno>3.1.1 </span>The <code>Document</code> object</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#resource-metadata-management><span class=secno>3.1.2 </span>Resource metadata management</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#dom-tree-accessors><span class=secno>3.1.3 </span>DOM tree accessors</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#loading-xml-documents><span class=secno>3.1.4 </span>Loading XML documents</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#elements><span class=secno>3.2 </span>Elements</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#semantics-0><span class=secno>3.2.1 </span>Semantics</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#elements-in-the-dom><span class=secno>3.2.2 </span>Elements in the DOM</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#element-definitions><span class=secno>3.2.3 </span>Element definitions</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#attributes><span class=secno>3.2.3.1 </span>Attributes</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#content-models><span class=secno>3.2.4 </span>Content models</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#kinds-of-content><span class=secno>3.2.4.1 </span>Kinds of content</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#metadata-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.1 </span>Metadata content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#flow-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.2 </span>Flow content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#sectioning-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.3 </span>Sectioning content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#heading-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.4 </span>Heading content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#phrasing-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.5 </span>Phrasing content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#embedded-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.6 </span>Embedded content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#interactive-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.7 </span>Interactive content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#palpable-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.8 </span>Palpable content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-supporting-elements-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.9 </span>Script-supporting elements</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#transparent-content-models><span class=secno>3.2.4.2 </span>Transparent content models</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#paragraphs><span class=secno>3.2.4.3 </span>Paragraphs</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#global-attributes><span class=secno>3.2.5 </span>Global attributes</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-id-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.1 </span>The <code>id</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-title-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.2 </span>The <code title=attr-title>title</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes><span class=secno>3.2.5.3 </span>The <code title=attr-lang>lang</code> and <code title=attr-xml-lang>xml:lang</code> attributes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-translate-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.4 </span>The <code title=attr-translate>translate</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)><span class=secno>3.2.5.5 </span>The <code>xml:base</code> attribute (XML only)</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-dir-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.6 </span>The <code>dir</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#classes><span class=secno>3.2.5.7 </span>The <code>class</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-style-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.8 </span>The <code>style</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#embedding-custom-non-visible-data-with-the-data-*-attributes><span class=secno>3.2.5.9 </span>Embedding custom non-visible data with the <code title=attr-data-*>data-*</code> attributes</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#requirements-relating-to-the-bidirectional-algorithm><span class=secno>3.2.6 </span>Requirements relating to the bidirectional algorithm</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#authoring-conformance-criteria-for-bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-characters><span class=secno>3.2.6.1 </span>Authoring conformance criteria for bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#user-agent-conformance-criteria><span class=secno>3.2.6.2 </span>User agent conformance criteria</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#wai-aria><span class=secno>3.2.7 </span>WAI-ARIA</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#semantics><span class=secno>4 </span>The elements of HTML</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-root-element><span class=secno>4.1 </span>The root element</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-html-element><span class=secno>4.1.1 </span>The <code>html</code> element</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#document-metadata><span class=secno>4.2 </span>Document metadata</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-head-element><span class=secno>4.2.1 </span>The <code>head</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-title-element><span class=secno>4.2.2 </span>The <code>title</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-base-element><span class=secno>4.2.3 </span>The <code>base</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-link-element><span class=secno>4.2.4 </span>The <code>link</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-meta-element><span class=secno>4.2.5 </span>The <code>meta</code> element</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#standard-metadata-names><span class=secno>4.2.5.1 </span>Standard metadata names</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#other-metadata-names><span class=secno>4.2.5.2 </span>Other metadata names</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#pragma-directives><span class=secno>4.2.5.3 </span>Pragma directives</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#other-pragma-directives><span class=secno>4.2.5.4 </span>Other pragma directives</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#charset><span class=secno>4.2.5.5 </span>Specifying the document's character encoding</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-style-element><span class=secno>4.2.6 </span>The <code>style</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#interactions-of-styling-and-scripting><span class=secno>4.2.7 </span>Interactions of styling and scripting</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#sections><span class=secno>4.3 </span>Sections</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-body-element><span class=secno>4.3.1 </span>The <code>body</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-article-element><span class=secno>4.3.2 </span>The <code>article</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-section-element><span class=secno>4.3.3 </span>The <code>section</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-nav-element><span class=secno>4.3.4 </span>The <code>nav</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-aside-element><span class=secno>4.3.5 </span>The <code>aside</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements><span class=secno>4.3.6 </span>The <code>h1</code>, <code>h2</code>, <code>h3</code>, <code>h4</code>, <code>h5</code>, and
+ <code>h6</code> elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-hgroup-element><span class=secno>4.3.7 </span>The <code>hgroup</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-header-element><span class=secno>4.3.8 </span>The <code>header</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-footer-element><span class=secno>4.3.9 </span>The <code>footer</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-address-element><span class=secno>4.3.10 </span>The <code>address</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#headings-and-sections><span class=secno>4.3.11 </span>Headings and sections</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#outlines><span class=secno>4.3.11.1 </span>Creating an outline</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#sample-outlines><span class=secno>4.3.11.2 </span>Sample outlines</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#usage-summary-0><span class=secno>4.3.12 </span>Usage summary</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#article-or-section><span class=secno>4.3.12.1 </span>Article or section?</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#grouping-content><span class=secno>4.4 </span>Grouping content</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-p-element><span class=secno>4.4.1 </span>The <code>p</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-hr-element><span class=secno>4.4.2 </span>The <code>hr</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-pre-element><span class=secno>4.4.3 </span>The <code>pre</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-blockquote-element><span class=secno>4.4.4 </span>The <code>blockquote</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-ol-element><span class=secno>4.4.5 </span>The <code>ol</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-ul-element><span class=secno>4.4.6 </span>The <code>ul</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-li-element><span class=secno>4.4.7 </span>The <code>li</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-dl-element><span class=secno>4.4.8 </span>The <code>dl</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-dt-element><span class=secno>4.4.9 </span>The <code>dt</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-dd-element><span class=secno>4.4.10 </span>The <code>dd</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-figure-element><span class=secno>4.4.11 </span>The <code>figure</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-figcaption-element><span class=secno>4.4.12 </span>The <code>figcaption</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-main-element><span class=secno>4.4.13 </span>The <code>main</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-div-element><span class=secno>4.4.14 </span>The <code>div</code> element</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#text-level-semantics><span class=secno>4.5 </span>Text-level semantics</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-a-element><span class=secno>4.5.1 </span>The <code>a</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-em-element><span class=secno>4.5.2 </span>The <code>em</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-strong-element><span class=secno>4.5.3 </span>The <code>strong</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-small-element><span class=secno>4.5.4 </span>The <code>small</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-s-element><span class=secno>4.5.5 </span>The <code>s</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-cite-element><span class=secno>4.5.6 </span>The <code>cite</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-q-element><span class=secno>4.5.7 </span>The <code>q</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-dfn-element><span class=secno>4.5.8 </span>The <code>dfn</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-abbr-element><span class=secno>4.5.9 </span>The <code>abbr</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-ruby-element><span class=secno>4.5.10 </span>The <code>ruby</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-rt-element><span class=secno>4.5.11 </span>The <code>rt</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-rp-element><span class=secno>4.5.12 </span>The <code>rp</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-data-element><span class=secno>4.5.13 </span>The <code>data</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-time-element><span class=secno>4.5.14 </span>The <code>time</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-code-element><span class=secno>4.5.15 </span>The <code>code</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-var-element><span class=secno>4.5.16 </span>The <code>var</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-samp-element><span class=secno>4.5.17 </span>The <code>samp</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-kbd-element><span class=secno>4.5.18 </span>The <code>kbd</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements><span class=secno>4.5.19 </span>The <code>sub</code> and <code>sup</code> elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-i-element><span class=secno>4.5.20 </span>The <code>i</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-b-element><span class=secno>4.5.21 </span>The <code>b</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-u-element><span class=secno>4.5.22 </span>The <code>u</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-mark-element><span class=secno>4.5.23 </span>The <code>mark</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-bdi-element><span class=secno>4.5.24 </span>The <code>bdi</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-bdo-element><span class=secno>4.5.25 </span>The <code>bdo</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-span-element><span class=secno>4.5.26 </span>The <code>span</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-br-element><span class=secno>4.5.27 </span>The <code>br</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-wbr-element><span class=secno>4.5.28 </span>The <code>wbr</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#usage-summary><span class=secno>4.5.29 </span>Usage summary</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#edits><span class=secno>4.6 </span>Edits</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-ins-element><span class=secno>4.6.1 </span>The <code>ins</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-del-element><span class=secno>4.6.2 </span>The <code>del</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#attributes-common-to-ins-and-del-elements><span class=secno>4.6.3 </span>Attributes common to <code>ins</code> and <code>del</code> elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#edits-and-paragraphs><span class=secno>4.6.4 </span>Edits and paragraphs</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#edits-and-lists><span class=secno>4.6.5 </span>Edits and lists</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#edits-and-tables><span class=secno>4.6.6 </span>Edits and tables</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#embedded-content><span class=secno>4.7 </span>Embedded content</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-img-element><span class=secno>4.7.1 </span>The <code>img</code> element</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#alt><span class=secno>4.7.1.1 </span>Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#general-guidelines><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.1 </span>General guidelines</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#a-link-or-button-containing-nothing-but-the-image><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.2 </span>A link or button containing nothing but the image</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#a-phrase-or-paragraph-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-charts,-diagrams,-graphs,-maps,-illustrations><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.3 </span>A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#a-short-phrase-or-label-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-icons,-logos><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.4 </span>A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#text-that-has-been-rendered-to-a-graphic-for-typographical-effect><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.5 </span>Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#a-graphical-representation-of-some-of-the-surrounding-text><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.6 </span>A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#a-purely-decorative-image-that-doesn't-add-any-information"><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.7 </span>A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-no-links><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.8 </span>A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-links><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.9 </span>A group of images that form a single larger picture with links</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#a-key-part-of-the-content><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.10 </span>A key part of the content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#an-image-not-intended-for-the-user><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.11 </span>An image not intended for the user</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#an-image-in-an-e-mail-or-private-document-intended-for-a-specific-person-who-is-known-to-be-able-to-view-images><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.12 </span>An image in an e-mail or private document intended for a specific person who is known to be able to view images</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#guidance-for-markup-generators><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.13 </span>Guidance for markup generators</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#guidance-for-conformance-checkers><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.14 </span>Guidance for conformance checkers</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-iframe-element><span class=secno>4.7.2 </span>The <code>iframe</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-embed-element><span class=secno>4.7.3 </span>The <code>embed</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-object-element><span class=secno>4.7.4 </span>The <code>object</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-param-element><span class=secno>4.7.5 </span>The <code>param</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-video-element><span class=secno>4.7.6 </span>The <code>video</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-audio-element><span class=secno>4.7.7 </span>The <code>audio</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-source-element><span class=secno>4.7.8 </span>The <code>source</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-track-element><span class=secno>4.7.9 </span>The <code>track</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#media-elements><span class=secno>4.7.10 </span>Media elements</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#error-codes><span class=secno>4.7.10.1 </span>Error codes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#location-of-the-media-resource><span class=secno>4.7.10.2 </span>Location of the media resource</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#mime-types><span class=secno>4.7.10.3 </span>MIME types</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#network-states><span class=secno>4.7.10.4 </span>Network states</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#loading-the-media-resource><span class=secno>4.7.10.5 </span>Loading the media resource</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#offsets-into-the-media-resource><span class=secno>4.7.10.6 </span>Offsets into the media resource</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#ready-states><span class=secno>4.7.10.7 </span>Ready states</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#playing-the-media-resource><span class=secno>4.7.10.8 </span>Playing the media resource</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#seeking><span class=secno>4.7.10.9 </span>Seeking</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#media-resources-with-multiple-media-tracks><span class=secno>4.7.10.10 </span>Media resources with multiple media tracks</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#audiotracklist-and-videotracklist-objects><span class=secno>4.7.10.10.1 </span><code>AudioTrackList</code> and <code>VideoTrackList</code> objects</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#selecting-specific-audio-and-video-tracks-declaratively><span class=secno>4.7.10.10.2 </span>Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#synchronising-multiple-media-elements><span class=secno>4.7.10.11 </span>Synchronising multiple media elements</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-0><span class=secno>4.7.10.11.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#media-controllers><span class=secno>4.7.10.11.2 </span>Media controllers</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#assigning-a-media-controller-declaratively><span class=secno>4.7.10.11.3 </span>Assigning a media controller declaratively</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#timed-text-tracks><span class=secno>4.7.10.12 </span>Timed text tracks</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#text-track-model><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.1 </span>Text track model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#sourcing-in-band-text-tracks><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.2 </span>Sourcing in-band text tracks</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#sourcing-out-of-band-text-tracks><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.3 </span>Sourcing out-of-band text tracks</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#guidelines-for-exposing-cues-in-various-formats-as-text-track-cues><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.4 </span>Guidelines for exposing cues in various formats as text track cues</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#text-track-api><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.5 </span>Text track API</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#text-tracks-describing-chapters><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.6 </span>Text tracks describing chapters</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#cue-events><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.7 </span>Event handlers for objects of the text track APIs</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#best-practices-for-metadata-text-tracks><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.8 </span>Best practices for metadata text tracks</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#user-interface><span class=secno>4.7.10.13 </span>User interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#time-ranges><span class=secno>4.7.10.14 </span>Time ranges</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-trackevent-interface><span class=secno>4.7.10.15 </span>The <code>TrackEvent</code> interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#mediaevents><span class=secno>4.7.10.16 </span>Event summary</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#security-and-privacy-considerations><span class=secno>4.7.10.17 </span>Security and privacy considerations</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#best-practices-for-authors-using-media-elements><span class=secno>4.7.10.18 </span>Best practices for authors using media elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#best-practices-for-implementors-of-media-elements><span class=secno>4.7.10.19 </span>Best practices for implementors of media elements</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-map-element><span class=secno>4.7.11 </span>The <code>map</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-area-element><span class=secno>4.7.12 </span>The <code>area</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#image-maps><span class=secno>4.7.13 </span>Image maps</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#authoring><span class=secno>4.7.13.1 </span>Authoring</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#processing-model-0><span class=secno>4.7.13.2 </span>Processing model</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#mathml><span class=secno>4.7.14 </span>MathML</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#svg-0><span class=secno>4.7.15 </span>SVG</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#dimension-attributes><span class=secno>4.7.16 </span>Dimension attributes</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#links><span class=secno>4.8 </span>Links</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-1><span class=secno>4.8.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#links-created-by-a-and-area-elements><span class=secno>4.8.2 </span>Links created by <code>a</code> and <code>area</code> elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#following-hyperlinks-0><span class=secno>4.8.3 </span>Following hyperlinks</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#downloading-resources><span class=secno>4.8.4 </span>Downloading resources</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#hyperlink-auditing><span class=secno>4.8.4.1 </span>Hyperlink auditing</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#linkTypes><span class=secno>4.8.5 </span>Link types</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#rel-alternate><span class=secno>4.8.5.1 </span>Link type "<code>alternate</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-author><span class=secno>4.8.5.2 </span>Link type "<code>author</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-bookmark><span class=secno>4.8.5.3 </span>Link type "<code>bookmark</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-external><span class=secno>4.8.5.4 </span>Link type "<code>external</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-help><span class=secno>4.8.5.5 </span>Link type "<code>help</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#rel-icon><span class=secno>4.8.5.6 </span>Link type "<code>icon</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-license><span class=secno>4.8.5.7 </span>Link type "<code>license</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-nofollow><span class=secno>4.8.5.8 </span>Link type "<code>nofollow</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-noreferrer><span class=secno>4.8.5.9 </span>Link type "<code>noreferrer</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-pingback><span class=secno>4.8.5.10 </span>Link type "<code>pingback</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-prefetch><span class=secno>4.8.5.11 </span>Link type "<code>prefetch</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-search><span class=secno>4.8.5.12 </span>Link type "<code>search</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-sidebar><span class=secno>4.8.5.13 </span>Link type "<code>sidebar</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-stylesheet><span class=secno>4.8.5.14 </span>Link type "<code>stylesheet</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-tag><span class=secno>4.8.5.15 </span>Link type "<code>tag</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#sequential-link-types><span class=secno>4.8.5.16 </span>Sequential link types</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-next><span class=secno>4.8.5.16.1 </span>Link type "<code>next</code>"</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#link-type-prev><span class=secno>4.8.5.16.2 </span>Link type "<code>prev</code>"</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#other-link-types><span class=secno>4.8.5.17 </span>Other link types</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#tabular-data><span class=secno>4.9 </span>Tabular data</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-table-element><span class=secno>4.9.1 </span>The <code>table</code> element</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#table-descriptions-techniques><span class=secno>4.9.1.1 </span>Techniques for describing tables</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#table-layout-techniques><span class=secno>4.9.1.2 </span>Techniques for table design</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-caption-element><span class=secno>4.9.2 </span>The <code>caption</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-colgroup-element><span class=secno>4.9.3 </span>The <code>colgroup</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-col-element><span class=secno>4.9.4 </span>The <code>col</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-tbody-element><span class=secno>4.9.5 </span>The <code>tbody</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-thead-element><span class=secno>4.9.6 </span>The <code>thead</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-tfoot-element><span class=secno>4.9.7 </span>The <code>tfoot</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-tr-element><span class=secno>4.9.8 </span>The <code>tr</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-td-element><span class=secno>4.9.9 </span>The <code>td</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-th-element><span class=secno>4.9.10 </span>The <code>th</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#attributes-common-to-td-and-th-elements><span class=secno>4.9.11 </span>Attributes common to <code>td</code> and <code>th</code> elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#processing-model-1><span class=secno>4.9.12 </span>Processing model</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#forming-a-table><span class=secno>4.9.12.1 </span>Forming a table</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#header-and-data-cell-semantics><span class=secno>4.9.12.2 </span>Forming relationships between data cells and header cells</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#table-sorting-model><span class=secno>4.9.13 </span>Table sorting model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#table-examples><span class=secno>4.9.14 </span>Examples</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#forms><span class=secno>4.10 </span>Forms</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-2><span class=secno>4.10.1 </span>Introduction</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#writing-a-form's-user-interface"><span class=secno>4.10.1.1 </span>Writing a form's user interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#implementing-the-server-side-processing-for-a-form><span class=secno>4.10.1.2 </span>Implementing the server-side processing for a form</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#configuring-a-form-to-communicate-with-a-server><span class=secno>4.10.1.3 </span>Configuring a form to communicate with a server</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#client-side-form-validation><span class=secno>4.10.1.4 </span>Client-side form validation</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#enabling-client-side-automatic-filling-of-form-controls><span class=secno>4.10.1.5 </span>Enabling client-side automatic filling of form controls</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#improving-the-user-experience-on-mobile-devices><span class=secno>4.10.1.6 </span>Improving the user experience on mobile devices</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-difference-between-the-field-type,-the-autofill-field-name,-and-the-input-modality><span class=secno>4.10.1.7 </span>The difference between the field type, the autofill field name, and the input modality</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#input-author-notes><span class=secno>4.10.1.8 </span>Date, time, and number formats</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#categories><span class=secno>4.10.2 </span>Categories</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-form-element><span class=secno>4.10.3 </span>The <code>form</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-label-element><span class=secno>4.10.4 </span>The <code>label</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-input-element><span class=secno>4.10.5 </span>The <code>input</code> element</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#states-of-the-type-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.1 </span>States of the <code title=attr-input-type>type</code> attribute</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.1 </span>Hidden state (<code title="">type=hidden</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.2 </span>Text (<code title="">type=text</code>) state and Search state (<code title="">type=search</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.3 </span>Telephone state (<code title="">type=tel</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#url-state-(type=url)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.4 </span>URL state (<code title="">type=url</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.5 </span>E-mail state (<code title="">type=email</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#password-state-(type=password)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.6 </span>Password state (<code title="">type=password</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.7 </span>Date and Time state (<code title="">type=datetime</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#date-state-(type=date)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.8 </span>Date state (<code title="">type=date</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#month-state-(type=month)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.9 </span>Month state (<code title="">type=month</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#week-state-(type=week)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.10 </span>Week state (<code title="">type=week</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#time-state-(type=time)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.11 </span>Time state (<code title="">type=time</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.12 </span>Local Date and Time state (<code title="">type=datetime-local</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#number-state-(type=number)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.13 </span>Number state (<code title="">type=number</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#range-state-(type=range)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.14 </span>Range state (<code title="">type=range</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#color-state-(type=color)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.15 </span>Color state (<code title="">type=color</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.16 </span>Checkbox state (<code title="">type=checkbox</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.17 </span>Radio Button state (<code title="">type=radio</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.18 </span>File Upload state (<code title="">type=file</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#submit-button-state-(type=submit)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.19 </span>Submit Button state (<code title="">type=submit</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.20 </span>Image Button state (<code title="">type=image</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#reset-button-state-(type=reset)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.21 </span>Reset Button state (<code title="">type=reset</code>)</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#button-state-(type=button)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.22 </span>Button state (<code title="">type=button</code>)</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#input-impl-notes><span class=secno>4.10.5.2 </span>Implemention notes regarding localization of form controls</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#common-input-element-attributes><span class=secno>4.10.5.3 </span>Common <code>input</code> element attributes</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-maxlength-and-minlength-attributes><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.1 </span>The <code title=attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</code> and <code title=attr-input-minlength>minlength</code> attributes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-size-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.2 </span>The <code title=attr-input-size>size</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-readonly-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.3 </span>The <code title=attr-input-readonly>readonly</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-required-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.4 </span>The <code title=attr-input-required>required</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-multiple-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.5 </span>The <code title=attr-input-multiple>multiple</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-pattern-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.6 </span>The <code title=attr-input-pattern>pattern</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-min-and-max-attributes><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.7 </span>The <code title=attr-input-min>min</code> and <code title=attr-input-max>max</code> attributes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-step-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.8 </span>The <code title=attr-input-step>step</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-list-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.9 </span>The <code title=attr-input-list>list</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-placeholder-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.10 </span>The <code title=attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</code> attribute</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#common-input-element-apis><span class=secno>4.10.5.4 </span>Common <code>input</code> element APIs</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#common-input-element-events><span class=secno>4.10.5.5 </span>Common event behaviors</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-button-element><span class=secno>4.10.6 </span>The <code>button</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-select-element><span class=secno>4.10.7 </span>The <code>select</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-datalist-element><span class=secno>4.10.8 </span>The <code>datalist</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-optgroup-element><span class=secno>4.10.9 </span>The <code>optgroup</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-option-element><span class=secno>4.10.10 </span>The <code>option</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-textarea-element><span class=secno>4.10.11 </span>The <code>textarea</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-keygen-element><span class=secno>4.10.12 </span>The <code>keygen</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-output-element><span class=secno>4.10.13 </span>The <code>output</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-progress-element><span class=secno>4.10.14 </span>The <code>progress</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-meter-element><span class=secno>4.10.15 </span>The <code>meter</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-fieldset-element><span class=secno>4.10.16 </span>The <code>fieldset</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-legend-element><span class=secno>4.10.17 </span>The <code>legend</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#form-control-infrastructure><span class=secno>4.10.18 </span>Form control infrastructure</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#a-form-control's-value"><span class=secno>4.10.18.1 </span>A form control's value</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#mutability><span class=secno>4.10.18.2 </span>Mutability</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#association-of-controls-and-forms><span class=secno>4.10.18.3 </span>Association of controls and forms</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#attributes-common-to-form-controls><span class=secno>4.10.19 </span>Attributes common to form controls</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#naming-form-controls:-the-name-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.1 </span>Naming form controls: the <code title=attr-fe-name>name</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#submitting-element-directionality:-the-dirname-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.2 </span>Submitting element directionality: the <code title=attr-fe-dirname>dirname</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#limiting-user-input-length:-the-maxlength-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.3 </span>Limiting user input length: the <code title=attr-fe-maxlength>maxlength</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#setting-minimum-input-length-requirements:-the-minlength-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.4 </span>Setting minimum input length requirements: the <code title=attr-fe-minlength>minlength</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#enabling-and-disabling-form-controls:-the-disabled-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.5 </span>Enabling and disabling form controls: the <code title=attr-fe-disabled>disabled</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#form-submission-0><span class=secno>4.10.19.6 </span>Form submission</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#autofocusing-a-form-control:-the-autofocus-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.6.1 </span>Autofocusing a form control: the <code title=attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</code> attribute</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#input-modalities:-the-inputmode-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.7 </span>Input modalities: the <code title=attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#autofill><span class=secno>4.10.19.8 </span>Autofill</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#autofilling-form-controls:-the-autocomplete-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.8.1 </span>Autofilling form controls: the <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#processing-model-2><span class=secno>4.10.19.8.2 </span>Processing model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#user-interface-for-bulk-autofill><span class=secno>4.10.19.8.3 </span>User interface for bulk autofill</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-autocompleteerrorevent-interface><span class=secno>4.10.19.8.4 </span>The <code>AutocompleteErrorEvent</code> interface</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#textFieldSelection><span class=secno>4.10.20 </span>APIs for the text field selections</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#constraints><span class=secno>4.10.21 </span>Constraints</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#definitions><span class=secno>4.10.21.1 </span>Definitions</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#constraint-validation><span class=secno>4.10.21.2 </span>Constraint validation</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-constraint-validation-api><span class=secno>4.10.21.3 </span>The constraint validation API</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#security-forms><span class=secno>4.10.21.4 </span>Security</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#form-submission><span class=secno>4.10.22 </span>Form submission</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-3><span class=secno>4.10.22.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#implicit-submission><span class=secno>4.10.22.2 </span>Implicit submission</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#form-submission-algorithm><span class=secno>4.10.22.3 </span>Form submission algorithm</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#constructing-form-data-set><span class=secno>4.10.22.4 </span>Constructing the form data set</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#selecting-a-form-submission-encoding><span class=secno>4.10.22.5 </span>Selecting a form submission encoding</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#url-encoded-form-data><span class=secno>4.10.22.6 </span>URL-encoded form data</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#multipart-form-data><span class=secno>4.10.22.7 </span>Multipart form data</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#plain-text-form-data><span class=secno>4.10.22.8 </span>Plain text form data</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#resetting-a-form><span class=secno>4.10.23 </span>Resetting a form</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#interactive-elements><span class=secno>4.11 </span>Interactive elements</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-details-element><span class=secno>4.11.1 </span>The <code>details</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-summary-element><span class=secno>4.11.2 </span>The <code>summary</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-menu-element><span class=secno>4.11.3 </span>The <code>menu</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-menuitem-element><span class=secno>4.11.4 </span>The <code>menuitem</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#context-menus><span class=secno>4.11.5 </span>Context menus</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#declaring-a-context-menu><span class=secno>4.11.5.1 </span>Declaring a context menu</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#processing-model-3><span class=secno>4.11.5.2 </span>Processing model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-relatedevent-interfaces><span class=secno>4.11.5.3 </span>The <code>RelatedEvent</code> interfaces</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#commands><span class=secno>4.11.6 </span>Commands</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#facets-0><span class=secno>4.11.6.1 </span>Facets</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#using-the-a-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.2 </span>Using the <code>a</code> element to define a command</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#using-the-button-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.3 </span>Using the <code>button</code> element to define a command</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#using-the-input-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.4 </span>Using the <code>input</code> element to define a command</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#using-the-option-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.5 </span>Using the <code>option</code> element to define a command</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#using-the-menuitem-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.6 </span>Using the <code>menuitem</code> element to define a
+ command</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#using-the-command-attribute-on-menuitem-elements-to-define-a-command-indirectly><span class=secno>4.11.6.7 </span>Using the <code title=attr-menuitem-command>command</code> attribute on <code>menuitem</code> elements to define
+ a command indirectly</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#using-the-accesskey-attribute-on-a-label-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.8 </span>Using the <code title=attr-accesskey>accesskey</code> attribute
+ on a <code>label</code> element to define a command</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#using-the-accesskey-attribute-on-a-legend-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.9 </span>Using the <code title=attr-accesskey>accesskey</code> attribute
+ on a <code>legend</code> element to define a command</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#using-the-accesskey-attribute-to-define-a-command-on-other-elements><span class=secno>4.11.6.10 </span>Using the <code title=attr-accesskey>accesskey</code>
+ attribute to define a command on other elements</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-dialog-element><span class=secno>4.11.7 </span>The <code>dialog</code> element</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#anchor-points><span class=secno>4.11.7.1 </span>Anchor points</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#scripting-1><span class=secno>4.12 </span>Scripting</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-script-element><span class=secno>4.12.1 </span>The <code>script</code> element</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#scriptingLanguages><span class=secno>4.12.1.1 </span>Scripting languages</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements><span class=secno>4.12.1.2 </span>Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts><span class=secno>4.12.1.3 </span>Inline documentation for external scripts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#scriptTagXSLT><span class=secno>4.12.1.4 </span>Interaction of <code>script</code> elements and XSLT</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-noscript-element><span class=secno>4.12.2 </span>The <code>noscript</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-template-element><span class=secno>4.12.3 </span>The <code>template</code> element</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#template-XSLT-XPath><span class=secno>4.12.3.1 </span>Interaction of <code>template</code> elements with XSLT and XPath</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-canvas-element><span class=secno>4.12.4 </span>The <code>canvas</code> element</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#proxying-canvases-to-workers><span class=secno>4.12.4.1 </span>Proxying canvases to workers</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#2dcontext><span class=secno>4.12.4.2 </span>The 2D rendering context</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#implementation-notes><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.1 </span>Implementation notes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-canvas-state><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.2 </span>The canvas state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#drawingstyle-objects><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.3 </span><code>DrawingStyle</code> objects</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#line-styles><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.4 </span>Line styles</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#text-styles><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.5 </span>Text styles</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#building-paths><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.6 </span>Building paths</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#path2d-objects><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.7 </span><code>Path2D</code> objects</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#transformations><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.8 </span>Transformations</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#image-sources-for-2d-rendering-contexts><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.9 </span>Image sources for 2D rendering contexts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#fill-and-stroke-styles><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.10 </span>Fill and stroke styles</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#drawing-rectangles-to-the-bitmap><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.11 </span>Drawing rectangles to the bitmap</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#drawing-text-to-the-bitmap><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.12 </span>Drawing text to the bitmap</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#drawing-paths-to-the-canvas><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.13 </span>Drawing paths to the canvas</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#drawing-images><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.14 </span>Drawing images</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#hit-regions><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.15 </span>Hit regions</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#pixel-manipulation><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.16 </span>Pixel manipulation</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#compositing><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.17 </span>Compositing</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#image-smoothing><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.18 </span>Image smoothing</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#shadows><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.19 </span>Shadows</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#drawing-model><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.20 </span>Drawing model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#best-practices><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.21 </span>Best practices</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#examples><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.22 </span>Examples</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#color-spaces-and-color-correction><span class=secno>4.12.4.3 </span>Color spaces and color correction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#serializing-bitmaps-to-a-file><span class=secno>4.12.4.4 </span>Serializing bitmaps to a file</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#security-with-canvas-elements><span class=secno>4.12.4.5 </span>Security with <code>canvas</code> elements</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#common-idioms><span class=secno>4.13 </span>Common idioms without dedicated elements</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-main-part-of-the-content><span class=secno>4.13.1 </span>The main part of the content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#rel-up><span class=secno>4.13.2 </span>Bread crumb navigation</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#tag-clouds><span class=secno>4.13.3 </span>Tag clouds</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#conversations><span class=secno>4.13.4 </span>Conversations</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#footnotes><span class=secno>4.13.5 </span>Footnotes</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#disabled-elements><span class=secno>4.14 </span>Disabled elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#selectors><span class=secno>4.15 </span>Matching HTML elements using selectors</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#case-sensitivity><span class=secno>4.15.1 </span>Case-sensitivity</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#pseudo-classes><span class=secno>4.15.2 </span>Pseudo-classes</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#microdata><span class=secno>5 </span>Microdata</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-4><span class=secno>5.1 </span>Introduction</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#overview><span class=secno>5.1.1 </span>Overview</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-basic-syntax><span class=secno>5.1.2 </span>The basic syntax</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#typed-items><span class=secno>5.1.3 </span>Typed items</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#global-identifiers-for-items><span class=secno>5.1.4 </span>Global identifiers for items</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#selecting-names-when-defining-vocabularies><span class=secno>5.1.5 </span>Selecting names when defining vocabularies</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#using-the-microdata-dom-api><span class=secno>5.1.6 </span>Using the microdata DOM API</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#encoding-microdata><span class=secno>5.2 </span>Encoding microdata</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-microdata-model><span class=secno>5.2.1 </span>The microdata model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#items><span class=secno>5.2.2 </span>Items</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute><span class=secno>5.2.3 </span>Names: the <code>itemprop</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#values><span class=secno>5.2.4 </span>Values</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#associating-names-with-items><span class=secno>5.2.5 </span>Associating names with items</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#microdata-and-other-namespaces><span class=secno>5.2.6 </span>Microdata and other namespaces</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#microdata-dom-api><span class=secno>5.3 </span>Microdata DOM API</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#mdvocabs><span class=secno>5.4 </span>Sample microdata vocabularies</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#vcard><span class=secno>5.4.1 </span>vCard</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#conversion-to-vcard><span class=secno>5.4.1.1 </span>Conversion to vCard</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#examples-0><span class=secno>5.4.1.2 </span>Examples</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#vevent><span class=secno>5.4.2 </span>vEvent</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#conversion-to-icalendar><span class=secno>5.4.2.1 </span>Conversion to iCalendar</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#examples-1><span class=secno>5.4.2.2 </span>Examples</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#licensing-works><span class=secno>5.4.3 </span>Licensing works</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#examples-2><span class=secno>5.4.3.1 </span>Examples</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#converting-html-to-other-formats><span class=secno>5.5 </span>Converting HTML to other formats</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#json><span class=secno>5.5.1 </span>JSON</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#editing><span class=secno>6 </span>User interaction</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-hidden-attribute><span class=secno>6.1 </span>The <code>hidden</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#inert-subtrees><span class=secno>6.2 </span>Inert subtrees</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#activation><span class=secno>6.3 </span>Activation</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#focus><span class=secno>6.4 </span>Focus</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-5><span class=secno>6.4.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#data-model><span class=secno>6.4.2 </span>Data model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-tabindex-attribute><span class=secno>6.4.3 </span>The <code title=attr-tabindex>tabindex</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#processing-model-4><span class=secno>6.4.4 </span>Processing model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#sequential-focus-navigation><span class=secno>6.4.5 </span>Sequential focus navigation</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#focus-management-apis><span class=secno>6.4.6 </span>Focus management APIs</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#assigning-keyboard-shortcuts><span class=secno>6.5 </span>Assigning keyboard shortcuts</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-6><span class=secno>6.5.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute><span class=secno>6.5.2 </span>The <code>accesskey</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#processing-model-5><span class=secno>6.5.3 </span>Processing model</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#editing-0><span class=secno>6.6 </span>Editing</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#contenteditable><span class=secno>6.6.1 </span>Making document regions editable: The <code title=attr-contenteditable>contenteditable</code> content attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#making-entire-documents-editable:-the-designmode-idl-attribute><span class=secno>6.6.2 </span>Making entire documents editable: The <code title=dom-document-designMode>designMode</code> IDL attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#best-practices-for-in-page-editors><span class=secno>6.6.3 </span>Best practices for in-page editors</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#editing-apis><span class=secno>6.6.4 </span>Editing APIs</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#spelling-and-grammar-checking><span class=secno>6.6.5 </span>Spelling and grammar checking</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#dnd><span class=secno>6.7 </span>Drag and drop</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-7><span class=secno>6.7.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-drag-data-store><span class=secno>6.7.2 </span>The drag data store</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-datatransfer-interface><span class=secno>6.7.3 </span>The <code>DataTransfer</code> interface</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-datatransferitemlist-interface><span class=secno>6.7.3.1 </span>The <code>DataTransferItemList</code> interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-datatransferitem-interface><span class=secno>6.7.3.2 </span>The <code>DataTransferItem</code> interface</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-dragevent-interface><span class=secno>6.7.4 </span>The <code>DragEvent</code> interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#drag-and-drop-processing-model><span class=secno>6.7.5 </span>Drag-and-drop processing model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#dndevents><span class=secno>6.7.6 </span>Events summary</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-draggable-attribute><span class=secno>6.7.7 </span>The <code>draggable</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute><span class=secno>6.7.8 </span>The <code>dropzone</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#security-risks-in-the-drag-and-drop-model><span class=secno>6.7.9 </span>Security risks in the drag-and-drop model</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#browsers><span class=secno>7 </span>Loading Web pages</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#windows><span class=secno>7.1 </span>Browsing contexts</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#nested-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.1.1 </span>Nested browsing contexts</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#navigating-nested-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom><span class=secno>7.1.1.1 </span>Navigating nested browsing contexts in the DOM</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#auxiliary-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.1.2 </span>Auxiliary browsing contexts</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#navigating-auxiliary-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom><span class=secno>7.1.2.1 </span>Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#secondary-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.1.3 </span>Secondary browsing contexts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#security-nav><span class=secno>7.1.4 </span>Security</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#groupings-of-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.1.5 </span>Groupings of browsing contexts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#browsing-context-names><span class=secno>7.1.6 </span>Browsing context names</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-window-object><span class=secno>7.2 </span>The <code>Window</code> object</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#security-window><span class=secno>7.2.1 </span>Security</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#apis-for-creating-and-navigating-browsing-contexts-by-name><span class=secno>7.2.2 </span>APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#accessing-other-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.2.3 </span>Accessing other browsing contexts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#named-access-on-the-window-object><span class=secno>7.2.4 </span>Named access on the <code>Window</code> object</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#garbage-collection-and-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.2.5 </span>Garbage collection and browsing contexts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#closing-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.2.6 </span>Closing browsing contexts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#browser-interface-elements><span class=secno>7.2.7 </span>Browser interface elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-windowproxy-object><span class=secno>7.2.8 </span>The <code>WindowProxy</code> object</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#origin-0><span class=secno>7.3 </span>Origin</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#relaxing-the-same-origin-restriction><span class=secno>7.3.1 </span>Relaxing the same-origin restriction</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#sandboxing><span class=secno>7.4 </span>Sandboxing</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#history><span class=secno>7.5 </span>Session history and navigation</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-session-history-of-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.5.1 </span>The session history of browsing contexts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-history-interface><span class=secno>7.5.2 </span>The <code>History</code> interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-location-interface><span class=secno>7.5.3 </span>The <code>Location</code> interface</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#security-location><span class=secno>7.5.3.1 </span>Security</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#history-notes><span class=secno>7.5.4 </span>Implementation notes for session history</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#browsing-the-web><span class=secno>7.6 </span>Browsing the Web</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#navigating-across-documents><span class=secno>7.6.1 </span>Navigating across documents</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#read-html><span class=secno>7.6.2 </span>Page load processing model for HTML files</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#read-xml><span class=secno>7.6.3 </span>Page load processing model for XML files</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#read-text><span class=secno>7.6.4 </span>Page load processing model for text files</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#read-multipart-x-mixed-replace><span class=secno>7.6.5 </span>Page load processing model for <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code> resources</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#read-media><span class=secno>7.6.6 </span>Page load processing model for media</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#read-plugin><span class=secno>7.6.7 </span>Page load processing model for content that uses plugins</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#read-ua-inline><span class=secno>7.6.8 </span>Page load processing model for inline
+ content that doesn't have a DOM</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#scroll-to-fragid><span class=secno>7.6.9 </span>Navigating to a fragment identifier</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#history-traversal><span class=secno>7.6.10 </span>History traversal</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-popstateevent-interface><span class=secno>7.6.10.1 </span>The <code>PopStateEvent</code> interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-hashchangeevent-interface><span class=secno>7.6.10.2 </span>The <code>HashChangeEvent</code> interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-pagetransitionevent-interface><span class=secno>7.6.10.3 </span>The <code>PageTransitionEvent</code> interface</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#unloading-documents><span class=secno>7.6.11 </span>Unloading documents</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-beforeunloadevent-interface><span class=secno>7.6.11.1 </span>The <code>BeforeUnloadEvent</code> interface</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#aborting-a-document-load><span class=secno>7.6.12 </span>Aborting a document load</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#offline><span class=secno>7.7 </span>Offline Web applications</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-8><span class=secno>7.7.1 </span>Introduction</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#supporting-offline-caching-for-legacy-applications><span class=secno>7.7.1.1 </span>Supporting offline caching for legacy applications</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#appcacheevents><span class=secno>7.7.1.2 </span>Event summary</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#appcache><span class=secno>7.7.2 </span>Application caches</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#manifests><span class=secno>7.7.3 </span>The cache manifest syntax</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#some-sample-manifests><span class=secno>7.7.3.1 </span>Some sample manifests</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#writing-cache-manifests><span class=secno>7.7.3.2 </span>Writing cache manifests</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-cache-manifests><span class=secno>7.7.3.3 </span>Parsing cache manifests</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#downloading-or-updating-an-application-cache><span class=secno>7.7.4 </span>Downloading or updating an application cache</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-application-cache-selection-algorithm><span class=secno>7.7.5 </span>The application cache selection algorithm</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#changesToNetworkingModel><span class=secno>7.7.6 </span>Changes to the networking model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#expiring-application-caches><span class=secno>7.7.7 </span>Expiring application caches</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#disk-space><span class=secno>7.7.8 </span>Disk space</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#application-cache-api><span class=secno>7.7.9 </span>Application cache API</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#browser-state><span class=secno>7.7.10 </span>Browser state</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#webappapis><span class=secno>8 </span>Web application APIs</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#scripting><span class=secno>8.1 </span>Scripting</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-9><span class=secno>8.1.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#enabling-and-disabling-scripting><span class=secno>8.1.2 </span>Enabling and disabling scripting</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#processing-model-6><span class=secno>8.1.3 </span>Processing model</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#definitions-0><span class=secno>8.1.3.1 </span>Definitions</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-settings-for-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>8.1.3.2 </span>Script settings for browsing contexts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#calling-scripts><span class=secno>8.1.3.3 </span>Calling scripts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#creating-scripts><span class=secno>8.1.3.4 </span>Creating scripts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#killing-scripts><span class=secno>8.1.3.5 </span>Killing scripts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#runtime-script-errors><span class=secno>8.1.3.6 </span>Runtime script errors</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#runtime-script-errors-in-documents><span class=secno>8.1.3.6.1 </span>Runtime script errors in documents</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-errorevent-interface><span class=secno>8.1.3.6.2 </span>The <code>ErrorEvent</code> interface</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#event-loops><span class=secno>8.1.4 </span>Event loops</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#definitions-1><span class=secno>8.1.4.1 </span>Definitions</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#processing-model-7><span class=secno>8.1.4.2 </span>Processing model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#generic-task-sources><span class=secno>8.1.4.3 </span>Generic task sources</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#events><span class=secno>8.1.5 </span>Events</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#event-handler-attributes><span class=secno>8.1.5.1 </span>Event handlers</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#event-handlers-on-elements,-document-objects,-and-window-objects><span class=secno>8.1.5.2 </span>Event handlers on elements, <code>Document</code> objects, and <code>Window</code> objects</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#idl-definitions><span class=secno>8.1.5.2.1 </span>IDL definitions</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#event-firing><span class=secno>8.1.5.3 </span>Event firing</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#events-and-the-window-object><span class=secno>8.1.5.4 </span>Events and the <code>Window</code> object</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#atob><span class=secno>8.2 </span>Base64 utility methods</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#dynamic-markup-insertion><span class=secno>8.3 </span>Dynamic markup insertion</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#opening-the-input-stream><span class=secno>8.3.1 </span>Opening the input stream</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#closing-the-input-stream><span class=secno>8.3.2 </span>Closing the input stream</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#document.write()><span class=secno>8.3.3 </span><code title=dom-document-write>document.write()</code></a></li>
+ <li><a href=#document.writeln()><span class=secno>8.3.4 </span><code title=dom-document-writeln>document.writeln()</code></a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#timers><span class=secno>8.4 </span>Timers</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#user-prompts><span class=secno>8.5 </span>User prompts</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#simple-dialogs><span class=secno>8.5.1 </span>Simple dialogs</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#printing><span class=secno>8.5.2 </span>Printing</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#dialogs-implemented-using-separate-documents><span class=secno>8.5.3 </span>Dialogs implemented using separate documents</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#system-state-and-capabilities><span class=secno>8.6 </span>System state and capabilities</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-navigator-object><span class=secno>8.6.1 </span>The <code>Navigator</code> object</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#client-identification><span class=secno>8.6.1.1 </span>Client identification</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#language-preferences><span class=secno>8.6.1.2 </span>Language preferences</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#custom-handlers><span class=secno>8.6.1.3 </span>Custom scheme and content handlers</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#security-and-privacy><span class=secno>8.6.1.3.1 </span>Security and privacy</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#sample-handler-impl><span class=secno>8.6.1.3.2 </span>Sample user interface</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#manually-releasing-the-storage-mutex><span class=secno>8.6.1.4 </span>Manually releasing the storage mutex</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#plugins-0><span class=secno>8.6.1.5 </span>Plugins</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-external-interface><span class=secno>8.6.2 </span>The <code>External</code> interface</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#images><span class=secno>8.7 </span>Images</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#comms><span class=secno>9 </span>Communication</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-messageevent-interfaces><span class=secno>9.1 </span>The <code>MessageEvent</code> interfaces</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#server-sent-events><span class=secno>9.2 </span>Server-sent events</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#server-sent-events-intro><span class=secno>9.2.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-eventsource-interface><span class=secno>9.2.2 </span>The <code>EventSource</code> interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#processing-model-8><span class=secno>9.2.3 </span>Processing model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-an-event-stream><span class=secno>9.2.4 </span>Parsing an event stream</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#event-stream-interpretation><span class=secno>9.2.5 </span>Interpreting an event stream</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#authoring-notes><span class=secno>9.2.6 </span>Authoring notes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#eventsource-push><span class=secno>9.2.7 </span>Connectionless push and other features</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#garbage-collection-0><span class=secno>9.2.8 </span>Garbage collection</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#implementation-advice><span class=secno>9.2.9 </span>Implementation advice</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#iana-considerations><span class=secno>9.2.10 </span>IANA considerations</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#text/event-stream><span class=secno>9.2.10.1 </span><code>text/event-stream</code></a></li>
+ <li><a href=#last-event-id><span class=secno>9.2.10.2 </span><code>Last-Event-ID</code></a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#network><span class=secno>9.3 </span>Web sockets</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#network-intro><span class=secno>9.3.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-websocket-interface><span class=secno>9.3.2 </span>The <code>WebSocket</code> interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#feedback-from-the-protocol><span class=secno>9.3.3 </span>Feedback from the protocol</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#ping-and-pong-frames><span class=secno>9.3.4 </span>Ping and Pong frames</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-websocket-urls><span class=secno>9.3.5 </span>Parsing WebSocket URLs</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-closeevent-interfaces><span class=secno>9.3.6 </span>The <code>CloseEvent</code> interfaces</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#garbage-collection-1><span class=secno>9.3.7 </span>Garbage collection</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#web-messaging><span class=secno>9.4 </span>Cross-document messaging</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-10><span class=secno>9.4.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#security-postmsg><span class=secno>9.4.2 </span>Security</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#authors><span class=secno>9.4.2.1 </span>Authors</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#user-agents><span class=secno>9.4.2.2 </span>User agents</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#posting-messages><span class=secno>9.4.3 </span>Posting messages</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#channel-messaging><span class=secno>9.5 </span>Channel messaging</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-11><span class=secno>9.5.1 </span>Introduction</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#examples-3><span class=secno>9.5.1.1 </span>Examples</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#ports-as-the-basis-of-an-object-capability-model-on-the-web><span class=secno>9.5.1.2 </span>Ports as the basis of an object-capability model on the Web</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#ports-as-the-basis-of-abstracting-out-service-implementations><span class=secno>9.5.1.3 </span>Ports as the basis of abstracting out service implementations</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#message-channels><span class=secno>9.5.2 </span>Message channels</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#message-ports><span class=secno>9.5.3 </span>Message ports</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#broadcasting-to-many-ports><span class=secno>9.5.4 </span>Broadcasting to many ports</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#ports-and-garbage-collection><span class=secno>9.5.5 </span>Ports and garbage collection</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#broadcasting-to-other-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>9.6 </span>Broadcasting to other browsing contexts</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#workers><span class=secno>10 </span>Web workers</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-12><span class=secno>10.1 </span>Introduction</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#scope-0><span class=secno>10.1.1 </span>Scope</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#examples-4><span class=secno>10.1.2 </span>Examples</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#a-background-number-crunching-worker><span class=secno>10.1.2.1 </span>A background number-crunching worker</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#worker-used-for-background-i/o><span class=secno>10.1.2.2 </span>Worker used for background I/O</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#shared-workers-introduction><span class=secno>10.1.2.3 </span>Shared workers introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#shared-state-using-a-shared-worker><span class=secno>10.1.2.4 </span>Shared state using a shared worker</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#delegation><span class=secno>10.1.2.5 </span>Delegation</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#tutorials><span class=secno>10.1.3 </span>Tutorials</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#creating-a-dedicated-worker><span class=secno>10.1.3.1 </span>Creating a dedicated worker</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#communicating-with-a-dedicated-worker><span class=secno>10.1.3.2 </span>Communicating with a dedicated worker</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#shared-workers><span class=secno>10.1.3.3 </span>Shared workers</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#infrastructure-0><span class=secno>10.2 </span>Infrastructure</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-global-scope><span class=secno>10.2.1 </span>The global scope</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-workerglobalscope-common-interface><span class=secno>10.2.1.1 </span>The <code>WorkerGlobalScope</code> common interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#dedicated-workers-and-the-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-interface><span class=secno>10.2.1.2 </span>Dedicated workers and the <code>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworkerglobalscope-interface><span class=secno>10.2.1.3 </span>Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</code> interface</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#worker-event-loop><span class=secno>10.2.2 </span>The event loop</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#the-worker's-lifetime"><span class=secno>10.2.3 </span>The worker's lifetime</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#processing-model-9><span class=secno>10.2.4 </span>Processing model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#runtime-script-errors-0><span class=secno>10.2.5 </span>Runtime script errors</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#creating-workers><span class=secno>10.2.6 </span>Creating workers</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-abstractworker-abstract-interface><span class=secno>10.2.6.1 </span>The <code>AbstractWorker</code> abstract interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-settings-for-workers><span class=secno>10.2.6.2 </span>Script settings for workers</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#dedicated-workers-and-the-worker-interface><span class=secno>10.2.6.3 </span>Dedicated workers and the <code>Worker</code> interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#shared-workers-and-the-sharedworker-interface><span class=secno>10.2.6.4 </span>Shared workers and the <code>SharedWorker</code> interface</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#apis-available-to-workers><span class=secno>10.3 </span>APIs available to workers</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#importing-scripts-and-libraries><span class=secno>10.3.1 </span>Importing scripts and libraries</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-workernavigator-object><span class=secno>10.3.2 </span>The <code>WorkerNavigator</code> object</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#worker-locations><span class=secno>10.3.3 </span>Worker locations</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#webstorage><span class=secno>11 </span>Web storage</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-13><span class=secno>11.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#storage><span class=secno>11.2 </span>The API</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-storage-interface><span class=secno>11.2.1 </span>The <code>Storage</code> interface</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-sessionstorage-attribute><span class=secno>11.2.2 </span>The <code title=dom-sessionStorage>sessionStorage</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-localstorage-attribute><span class=secno>11.2.3 </span>The <code title=dom-localStorage>localStorage</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-storage-event><span class=secno>11.2.4 </span>The <code title=event-storage>storage</code> event</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-storageevent-interface><span class=secno>11.2.4.1 </span>The <code>StorageEvent</code> interface</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#threads><span class=secno>11.2.5 </span>Threads</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#disk-space-0><span class=secno>11.3 </span>Disk space</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#privacy><span class=secno>11.4 </span>Privacy</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#user-tracking><span class=secno>11.4.1 </span>User tracking</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#sensitivity-of-data><span class=secno>11.4.2 </span>Sensitivity of data</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#security-storage><span class=secno>11.5 </span>Security</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#dns-spoofing-attacks><span class=secno>11.5.1 </span>DNS spoofing attacks</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#cross-directory-attacks><span class=secno>11.5.2 </span>Cross-directory attacks</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#implementation-risks><span class=secno>11.5.3 </span>Implementation risks</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#syntax><span class=secno>12 </span>The HTML syntax</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#writing><span class=secno>12.1 </span>Writing HTML documents</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-doctype><span class=secno>12.1.1 </span>The DOCTYPE</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#elements-0><span class=secno>12.1.2 </span>Elements</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#start-tags><span class=secno>12.1.2.1 </span>Start tags</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#end-tags><span class=secno>12.1.2.2 </span>End tags</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#attributes-0><span class=secno>12.1.2.3 </span>Attributes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#optional-tags><span class=secno>12.1.2.4 </span>Optional tags</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#element-restrictions><span class=secno>12.1.2.5 </span>Restrictions on content models</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#cdata-rcdata-restrictions><span class=secno>12.1.2.6 </span>Restrictions on the contents of raw text and escapable raw text elements</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#text-0><span class=secno>12.1.3 </span>Text</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#newlines><span class=secno>12.1.3.1 </span>Newlines</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#character-references><span class=secno>12.1.4 </span>Character references</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#cdata-sections><span class=secno>12.1.5 </span>CDATA sections</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#comments><span class=secno>12.1.6 </span>Comments</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing><span class=secno>12.2 </span>Parsing HTML documents</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#overview-of-the-parsing-model><span class=secno>12.2.1 </span>Overview of the parsing model</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-input-byte-stream><span class=secno>12.2.2 </span>The input byte stream</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-with-a-known-character-encoding><span class=secno>12.2.2.1 </span>Parsing with a known character encoding</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#determining-the-character-encoding><span class=secno>12.2.2.2 </span>Determining the character encoding</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#character-encodings><span class=secno>12.2.2.3 </span>Character encodings</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#changing-the-encoding-while-parsing><span class=secno>12.2.2.4 </span>Changing the encoding while parsing</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#preprocessing-the-input-stream><span class=secno>12.2.2.5 </span>Preprocessing the input stream</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#parse-state><span class=secno>12.2.3 </span>Parse state</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.3.1 </span>The insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-stack-of-open-elements><span class=secno>12.2.3.2 </span>The stack of open elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-list-of-active-formatting-elements><span class=secno>12.2.3.3 </span>The list of active formatting elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-element-pointers><span class=secno>12.2.3.4 </span>The element pointers</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#other-parsing-state-flags><span class=secno>12.2.3.5 </span>Other parsing state flags</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#tokenization><span class=secno>12.2.4 </span>Tokenization</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#data-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.1 </span>Data state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#character-reference-in-data-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.2 </span>Character reference in data state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#rcdata-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.3 </span>RCDATA state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#character-reference-in-rcdata-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.4 </span>Character reference in RCDATA state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#rawtext-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.5 </span>RAWTEXT state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.6 </span>Script data state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#plaintext-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.7 </span>PLAINTEXT state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#tag-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.8 </span>Tag open state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#end-tag-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.9 </span>End tag open state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#tag-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.10 </span>Tag name state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#rcdata-less-than-sign-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.11 </span>RCDATA less-than sign state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#rcdata-end-tag-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.12 </span>RCDATA end tag open state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#rcdata-end-tag-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.13 </span>RCDATA end tag name state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#rawtext-less-than-sign-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.14 </span>RAWTEXT less-than sign state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#rawtext-end-tag-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.15 </span>RAWTEXT end tag open state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#rawtext-end-tag-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.16 </span>RAWTEXT end tag name state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-less-than-sign-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.17 </span>Script data less-than sign state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-end-tag-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.18 </span>Script data end tag open state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-end-tag-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.19 </span>Script data end tag name state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-escape-start-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.20 </span>Script data escape start state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-escape-start-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.21 </span>Script data escape start dash state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-escaped-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.22 </span>Script data escaped state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.23 </span>Script data escaped dash state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.24 </span>Script data escaped dash dash state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.25 </span>Script data escaped less-than sign state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.26 </span>Script data escaped end tag open state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.27 </span>Script data escaped end tag name state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-double-escape-start-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.28 </span>Script data double escape start state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.29 </span>Script data double escaped state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.30 </span>Script data double escaped dash state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-dash-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.31 </span>Script data double escaped dash dash state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.32 </span>Script data double escaped less-than sign state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#script-data-double-escape-end-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.33 </span>Script data double escape end state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#before-attribute-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.34 </span>Before attribute name state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#attribute-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.35 </span>Attribute name state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#after-attribute-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.36 </span>After attribute name state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#before-attribute-value-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.37 </span>Before attribute value state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#attribute-value-(double-quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.38 </span>Attribute value (double-quoted) state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#attribute-value-(single-quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.39 </span>Attribute value (single-quoted) state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#attribute-value-(unquoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.40 </span>Attribute value (unquoted) state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.41 </span>Character reference in attribute value state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#after-attribute-value-(quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.42 </span>After attribute value (quoted) state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.43 </span>Self-closing start tag state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#bogus-comment-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.44 </span>Bogus comment state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#markup-declaration-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.45 </span>Markup declaration open state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#comment-start-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.46 </span>Comment start state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#comment-start-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.47 </span>Comment start dash state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#comment-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.48 </span>Comment state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#comment-end-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.49 </span>Comment end dash state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#comment-end-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.50 </span>Comment end state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#comment-end-bang-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.51 </span>Comment end bang state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#doctype-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.52 </span>DOCTYPE state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#before-doctype-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.53 </span>Before DOCTYPE name state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#doctype-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.54 </span>DOCTYPE name state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#after-doctype-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.55 </span>After DOCTYPE name state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#after-doctype-public-keyword-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.56 </span>After DOCTYPE public keyword state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#before-doctype-public-identifier-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.57 </span>Before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(double-quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.58 </span>DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(single-quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.59 </span>DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#after-doctype-public-identifier-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.60 </span>After DOCTYPE public identifier state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#between-doctype-public-and-system-identifiers-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.61 </span>Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#after-doctype-system-keyword-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.62 </span>After DOCTYPE system keyword state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#before-doctype-system-identifier-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.63 </span>Before DOCTYPE system identifier state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.64 </span>DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.65 </span>DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#after-doctype-system-identifier-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.66 </span>After DOCTYPE system identifier state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#bogus-doctype-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.67 </span>Bogus DOCTYPE state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#cdata-section-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.68 </span>CDATA section state</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#tokenizing-character-references><span class=secno>12.2.4.69 </span>Tokenizing character references</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#tree-construction><span class=secno>12.2.5 </span>Tree construction</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#creating-and-inserting-nodes><span class=secno>12.2.5.1 </span>Creating and inserting nodes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-elements-that-contain-only-text><span class=secno>12.2.5.2 </span>Parsing elements that contain only text</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#closing-elements-that-have-implied-end-tags><span class=secno>12.2.5.3 </span>Closing elements that have implied end tags</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-inhtml><span class=secno>12.2.5.4 </span>The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-initial-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.1 </span>The "initial" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-before-html-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.2 </span>The "before html" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-before-head-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.3 </span>The "before head" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-inhead><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.4 </span>The "in head" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-inheadnoscript><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.5 </span>The "in head noscript" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-after-head-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.6 </span>The "after head" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-inbody><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.7 </span>The "in body" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-incdata><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.8 </span>The "text" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-intable><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.9 </span>The "in table" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-intabletext><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.10 </span>The "in table text" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-incaption><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.11 </span>The "in caption" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-incolgroup><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.12 </span>The "in column group" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-intbody><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.13 </span>The "in table body" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-intr><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.14 </span>The "in row" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-intd><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.15 </span>The "in cell" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-inselect><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.16 </span>The "in select" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-inselectintable><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.17 </span>The "in select in table" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-intemplate><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.18 </span>The "in template" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-afterbody><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.19 </span>The "after body" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-inframeset><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.20 </span>The "in frameset" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-afterframeset><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.21 </span>The "after frameset" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.22 </span>The "after after body" insertion mode</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.23 </span>The "after after frameset" insertion mode</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-main-inforeign><span class=secno>12.2.5.5 </span>The rules for parsing tokens in foreign content</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-end><span class=secno>12.2.6 </span>The end</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#coercing-an-html-dom-into-an-infoset><span class=secno>12.2.7 </span>Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#an-introduction-to-error-handling-and-strange-cases-in-the-parser><span class=secno>12.2.8 </span>An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#misnested-tags:-b-i-/b-/i><span class=secno>12.2.8.1 </span>Misnested tags: &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#misnested-tags:-b-p-/b-/p><span class=secno>12.2.8.2 </span>Misnested tags: &lt;b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#unexpected-markup-in-tables><span class=secno>12.2.8.3 </span>Unexpected markup in tables</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#scripts-that-modify-the-page-as-it-is-being-parsed><span class=secno>12.2.8.4 </span>Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-execution-of-scripts-that-are-moving-across-multiple-documents><span class=secno>12.2.8.5 </span>The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple documents</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#unclosed-formatting-elements><span class=secno>12.2.8.6 </span>Unclosed formatting elements</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#serializing-html-fragments><span class=secno>12.3 </span>Serializing HTML fragments</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-html-fragments><span class=secno>12.4 </span>Parsing HTML fragments</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#named-character-references><span class=secno>12.5 </span>Named character references</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-xhtml-syntax><span class=secno>13 </span>The XHTML syntax</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#writing-xhtml-documents><span class=secno>13.1 </span>Writing XHTML documents</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-xhtml-documents><span class=secno>13.2 </span>Parsing XHTML documents</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#serializing-xhtml-fragments><span class=secno>13.3 </span>Serializing XHTML fragments</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#parsing-xhtml-fragments><span class=secno>13.4 </span>Parsing XHTML fragments</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#rendering><span class=secno>14 </span>Rendering</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-14><span class=secno>14.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-css-user-agent-style-sheet-and-presentational-hints><span class=secno>14.2 </span>The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#non-replaced-elements><span class=secno>14.3 </span>Non-replaced elements</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#hidden-elements><span class=secno>14.3.1 </span>Hidden elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-page><span class=secno>14.3.2 </span>The page</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#flow-content-1><span class=secno>14.3.3 </span>Flow content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#phrasing-content-1><span class=secno>14.3.4 </span>Phrasing content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#bidi-rendering><span class=secno>14.3.5 </span>Bidirectional text</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#quotes><span class=secno>14.3.6 </span>Quotes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#sections-and-headings><span class=secno>14.3.7 </span>Sections and headings</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#lists><span class=secno>14.3.8 </span>Lists</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#tables><span class=secno>14.3.9 </span>Tables</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#margin-collapsing-quirks><span class=secno>14.3.10 </span>Margin collapsing quirks</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#form-controls><span class=secno>14.3.11 </span>Form controls</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-hr-element-0><span class=secno>14.3.12 </span>The <code>hr</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-fieldset-and-legend-elements><span class=secno>14.3.13 </span>The <code>fieldset</code> and <code>legend</code> elements</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#replaced-elements><span class=secno>14.4 </span>Replaced elements</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#embedded-content-rendering-rules><span class=secno>14.4.1 </span>Embedded content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#images-0><span class=secno>14.4.2 </span>Images</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#attributes-for-embedded-content-and-images><span class=secno>14.4.3 </span>Attributes for embedded content and images</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#image-maps-0><span class=secno>14.4.4 </span>Image maps</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#bindings><span class=secno>14.5 </span>Bindings</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#introduction-15><span class=secno>14.5.1 </span>Introduction</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-button-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.2 </span>The <code>button</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-details-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.3 </span>The <code>details</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget><span class=secno>14.5.4 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a text entry widget</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets><span class=secno>14.5.5 </span>The <code>input</code> element as domain-specific widgets</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-range-control><span class=secno>14.5.6 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a range control</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-color-well><span class=secno>14.5.7 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a color well</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-checkbox-and-radio-button-widgets><span class=secno>14.5.8 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a checkbox and radio button widgets</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-file-upload-control><span class=secno>14.5.9 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a file upload control</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-input-element-as-a-button><span class=secno>14.5.10 </span>The <code>input</code> element as a button</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-marquee-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.11 </span>The <code>marquee</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-meter-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.12 </span>The <code>meter</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-progress-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.13 </span>The <code>progress</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-select-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.14 </span>The <code>select</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-textarea-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.15 </span>The <code>textarea</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-keygen-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.16 </span>The <code>keygen</code> element</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#frames-and-framesets><span class=secno>14.6 </span>Frames and framesets</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#interactive-media><span class=secno>14.7 </span>Interactive media</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#links,-forms,-and-navigation><span class=secno>14.7.1 </span>Links, forms, and navigation</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-title-attribute-0><span class=secno>14.7.2 </span>The <code title=attr-title>title</code> attribute</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#editing-hosts><span class=secno>14.7.3 </span>Editing hosts</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#text-rendered-in-native-user-interfaces><span class=secno>14.7.4 </span>Text rendered in native user interfaces</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#print-media><span class=secno>14.8 </span>Print media</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#unstyled-xml-documents><span class=secno>14.9 </span>Unstyled XML documents</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#obsolete><span class=secno>15 </span>Obsolete features</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#obsolete-but-conforming-features><span class=secno>15.1 </span>Obsolete but conforming features</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#warnings-for-obsolete-but-conforming-features><span class=secno>15.1.1 </span>Warnings for obsolete but conforming features</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#non-conforming-features><span class=secno>15.2 </span>Non-conforming features</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#requirements-for-implementations><span class=secno>15.3 </span>Requirements for implementations</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#the-applet-element><span class=secno>15.3.1 </span>The <code>applet</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#the-marquee-element><span class=secno>15.3.2 </span>The <code>marquee</code> element</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#frames><span class=secno>15.3.3 </span>Frames</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#other-elements,-attributes-and-apis><span class=secno>15.3.4 </span>Other elements, attributes and APIs</a></ol></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#iana><span class=secno>16 </span>IANA considerations</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#text/html><span class=secno>16.1 </span><code>text/html</code></a></li>
+ <li><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace><span class=secno>16.2 </span><code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code></a></li>
+ <li><a href=#application/xhtml+xml><span class=secno>16.3 </span><code>application/xhtml+xml</code></a></li>
+ <li><a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded><span class=secno>16.4 </span><code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code></a></li>
+ <li><a href=#text/cache-manifest><span class=secno>16.5 </span><code>text/cache-manifest</code></a></li>
+ <li><a href=#text/ping><span class=secno>16.6 </span><code>text/ping</code></a></li>
+ <li><a href=#application/microdata+json><span class=secno>16.7 </span><code>application/microdata+json</code></a></li>
+ <li><a href=#ping-from><span class=secno>16.8 </span><code>Ping-From</code></a></li>
+ <li><a href=#ping-to><span class=secno>16.9 </span><code>Ping-To</code></a></li>
+ <li><a href=#web+-scheme-prefix><span class=secno>16.10 </span><code>web+</code> scheme prefix</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#index class=no-num>Index</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href=#elements-1 class=no-num>Elements</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#element-content-categories class=no-num>Element content categories</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#attributes-1 class=no-num>Attributes</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#element-interfaces class=no-num>Element Interfaces</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#all-interfaces class=no-num>All Interfaces</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#events-0 class=no-num>Events</a></ol></li>
+ <li><a href=#references class=no-num>References</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#acknowledgments class=no-num>Acknowledgments</a></ol>
+<!--end-toc-->
+ <hr><!--
+ ! http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-archive/2014Apr/0034.html
+ !--><!--CLEANUP--><!-- color => colour in prose --><h2 id=introduction><span class=secno>1 </span>Introduction</h2>
+
+
+ <h3 id=abstract><span class=secno>1.1 </span>Where does this specification fit?</h3>
+
+ <p>This specification defines a big part of the Web platform, in lots of detail. Its place in the
+ Web platform specification stack relative to other specifications can be best summed up as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/abstract.png width=398 alt="It consists of everything else, above such core technologies as HTTP, URI/IRIs, DOM, XML, Unicode, and ECMAScript; below presentation-layer technologies like CSS and the NPAPI; and to the side of technologies like Geolocation, SVG, MathML, and XHR." height=359></p>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=is-this-html5?><span class=secno>1.2 </span>Is this HTML5?</h3><!--VERSION-->
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>In short: Yes.</p>
+
+ <p>In more length: The term "HTML5" is widely used as a buzzword to refer to modern Web
+ technologies, many of which (though by no means all) are developed at the WHATWG.</p>
+
+ <p>The WHATWG work on HTML is all published in one specification
+
+ (the one you are reading right now),
+ parts of which are republished in an edition optimised for Web developers.
+
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The W3C also publishes parts of this specification as separate documents that are forked
+ subsets of
+
+ this specification (the HTML Living Standard).
+ There are numerous differences between
+
+ this specification (the HTML Living Standard)
+ and the W3C forks; some minor, some major. Unfortunately these are not currently accurately
+ documented anywhere, so there is no way to know which are intentional and which are not.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=background><span class=secno>1.3 </span>Background</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The World Wide Web's markup language has always been HTML. HTML was primarily designed as a
+ language for semantically describing scientific documents, although its general design and
+ adaptations over the years have enabled it to be used to describe a number of other types of
+ documents.</p>
+
+ <p>The main area that has not been adequately addressed by HTML is a vague subject referred to as
+ Web Applications. This standard attempts to rectify this, while at the same time updating the HTML
+ language to address issues raised in the past few years.</p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=audience><span class=secno>1.4 </span>Audience</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>This specification is intended for authors of documents and scripts that use the features
+ defined in this specification<span class=impl>, implementors of tools that operate on pages that
+ use the features defined in this specification, and individuals wishing to establish the
+ correctness of documents or implementations with respect to the requirements of this
+ specification</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>This document is probably not suited to readers who do not already have at least a passing
+ familiarity with Web technologies, as in places it sacrifices clarity for precision, and brevity
+ for completeness. More approachable tutorials and authoring guides can provide a gentler
+ introduction to the topic.</p>
+
+ <p>In particular, familiarity with the basics of DOM is necessary for a complete understanding of
+ some of the more technical parts of this specification. An understanding of Web IDL, HTTP, XML,
+ Unicode, character encodings, JavaScript, and CSS will also be helpful in places but is not
+ essential.</p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=scope><span class=secno>1.5 </span>Scope</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>This specification is limited to providing a semantic-level markup language and associated
+ semantic-level scripting APIs for authoring accessible pages on the Web ranging from static
+ documents to dynamic applications.</p>
+
+ <p>The scope of this specification does not include providing mechanisms for media-specific
+ customization of presentation (although default rendering rules for Web browsers are included at
+ the end of this specification, and several mechanisms for hooking into CSS are provided as part of
+ the language).</p>
+
+ <p>The scope of this specification is not to describe an entire operating system. In particular,
+ hardware configuration software, image manipulation tools, and applications that users would be
+ expected to use with high-end workstations on a daily basis are out of scope. In terms of
+ applications, this specification is targeted specifically at applications that would be expected
+ to be used by users on an occasional basis, or regularly but from disparate locations, with low
+ CPU requirements. Examples of such applications include online purchasing systems, searching
+ systems, games (especially multiplayer online games), public telephone books or address books,
+ communications software (e-mail clients, instant messaging clients, discussion software), document
+ editing software, etc.</p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=history-1><span class=secno>1.6 </span>History</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>For its first five years (1990-1995), HTML went through a number of revisions and experienced a
+ number of extensions, primarily hosted first at CERN, and then at the IETF.</p>
+
+ <p>With the creation of the W3C, HTML's development changed venue again. A first abortive attempt
+ at extending HTML in 1995 known as HTML 3.0 then made way to a more pragmatic approach known as
+ HTML 3.2, which was completed in 1997. HTML4 quickly followed later that same year.</p>
+
+ <p>The following year, the W3C membership decided to stop evolving HTML and instead begin work on
+ an XML-based equivalent, called XHTML. <!-- http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/future/#summary --> This
+ effort started with a reformulation of HTML4 in XML, known as XHTML 1.0, which added no new
+ features except the new serialization, and which was completed in 2000. After XHTML 1.0, the W3C's
+ focus turned to making it easier for other working groups to extend XHTML, under the banner of
+ XHTML Modularization. In parallel with this, the W3C also worked on a new language that was not
+ compatible with the earlier HTML and XHTML languages, calling it XHTML2.</p>
+
+ <p>Around the time that HTML's evolution was stopped in 1998, parts of the API for HTML developed
+ by browser vendors were specified and published under the name DOM Level 1 (in 1998) and DOM Level
+ 2 Core and DOM Level 2 HTML (starting in 2000 and culminating in 2003). These efforts then petered
+ out, with some DOM Level 3 specifications published in 2004 but the working group being closed
+ before all the Level 3 drafts were completed.</p>
+
+ <p>In 2003, the publication of XForms, a technology which was positioned as the next generation of
+ Web forms, sparked a renewed interest in evolving HTML itself, rather than finding replacements
+ for it. This interest was borne from the realization that XML's deployment as a Web technology was
+ limited to entirely new technologies (like RSS and later Atom), rather than as a replacement for
+ existing deployed technologies (like HTML).</p>
+
+ <p>A proof of concept to show that it was possible to extend HTML4's forms to provide many of the
+ features that XForms 1.0 introduced, without requiring browsers to implement rendering engines
+ that were incompatible with existing HTML Web pages, was the first result of this renewed
+ interest. At this early stage, while the draft was already publicly available, and input was
+ already being solicited from all sources, the specification was only under Opera Software's
+ copyright.</p>
+
+ <p>The idea that HTML's evolution should be reopened was tested at a W3C workshop in 2004, where
+ some of the principles that underlie the HTML5 work (described below), as well as the
+ aforementioned early draft proposal covering just forms-related features, were presented to the
+ W3C jointly by Mozilla and Opera. The proposal was rejected on the grounds that the proposal
+ conflicted with the previously chosen direction for the Web's evolution; the W3C staff and
+ membership voted to continue developing XML-based replacements instead.</p>
+
+ <p>Shortly thereafter, Apple, Mozilla, and Opera jointly announced their intent to continue
+ working on the effort under the umbrella of a new venue called the WHATWG. A public mailing list
+ was created, and the draft was moved to the WHATWG site. The copyright was subsequently amended to
+ be jointly owned by all three vendors, and to allow reuse of the specification.</p>
+
+ <p>The WHATWG was based on several core principles, in particular that technologies need to be
+ backwards compatible, that specifications and implementations need to match even if this means
+ changing the specification rather than the implementations, and that specifications need to be
+ detailed enough that implementations can achieve complete interoperability without
+ reverse-engineering each other.</p>
+
+ <p>The latter requirement in particular required that the scope of the HTML5 specification include
+ what had previously been specified in three separate documents: HTML4, XHTML1, and DOM2 HTML. It
+ also meant including significantly more detail than had previously been considered the norm.</p>
+
+ <p>In 2006, the W3C indicated an interest to participate in the development of HTML5 after all,
+ and in 2007 formed a working group chartered to work with the WHATWG on the development of the
+ HTML5 specification. Apple, Mozilla, and Opera allowed the W3C to publish the specification under
+ the W3C copyright, while keeping a version with the less restrictive license on the WHATWG
+ site.</p>
+
+ <p>For a number of years, both groups then worked together. In 2011, however, the groups came to
+ the conclusion that they had different goals: the W3C wanted to publish a "finished" version of
+ "HTML5", while the WHATWG wanted to continue working on a Living Standard for HTML, continuously
+ maintaining the specification rather than freezing it in a state with known problems, and adding
+ new features as needed to evolve the platform.</p>
+
+ <p>Since then, the WHATWG has been working on this specification (amongst others), and the W3C has
+ been copying fixes made by the WHATWG into their fork of the document, as well as making other
+ changes, some intentional and some not, with no documentation listing or explaining the
+ differences.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=design-notes><span class=secno>1.7 </span>Design notes</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>It must be admitted that many aspects of HTML appear at first glance to be nonsensical and
+ inconsistent.</p>
+
+ <p>HTML, its supporting DOM APIs, as well as many of its supporting technologies, have been
+ developed over a period of several decades by a wide array of people with different priorities
+ who, in many cases, did not know of each other's existence.</p>
+
+ <p>Features have thus arisen from many sources, and have not always been designed in especially
+ consistent ways. Furthermore, because of the unique characteristics of the Web, implementation
+ bugs have often become de-facto, and now de-jure, standards, as content is often unintentionally
+ written in ways that rely on them before they can be fixed.</p>
+
+ <p>Despite all this, efforts have been made to adhere to certain design goals. These are described
+ in the next few subsections.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=serializability-of-script-execution><span class=secno>1.7.1 </span>Serializability of script execution</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>To avoid exposing Web authors to the complexities of multithreading, the HTML and DOM APIs are
+ designed such that no script can ever detect the simultaneous execution of other scripts. Even
+ with <a href=#worker title=Worker>workers</a>, the intent is that the behavior of implementations can
+ be thought of as completely serializing the execution of all scripts in all <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing
+ context">browsing contexts</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=dom-navigator-yieldForStorageUpdates><a href=#dom-navigator-yieldforstorageupdates>navigator.yieldForStorageUpdates()</a></code> method, in
+ this model, is equivalent to allowing other scripts to run while the calling script is
+ blocked.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=compliance-with-other-specifications><span class=secno>1.7.2 </span>Compliance with other specifications</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>This specification interacts with and relies on a wide variety of other specifications. In
+ certain circumstances, unfortunately, conflicting needs have led to this specification violating
+ the requirements of these other specifications. Whenever this has occurred, the transgressions
+ have each been noted as a "<dfn id=willful-violation>willful violation</dfn>", and the reason for the violation has
+ been noted.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=extensibility><span class=secno>1.7.3 </span>Extensibility</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>HTML has a wide array of extensibility mechanisms that can be used for adding semantics in a
+ safe manner:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>Authors can use the <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code> attribute to extend elements,
+ effectively creating their own elements, while using the most applicable existing "real" HTML
+ element, so that browsers and other tools that don't know of the extension can still support it
+ somewhat well. This is the tack used by microformats, for example.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Authors can include data for inline client-side scripts or server-side site-wide scripts
+ to process using the <code title=attr-data-*><a href=#attr-data-*>data-*=""</a></code> attributes. These are guaranteed
+ to never be touched by browsers, and allow scripts to include data on HTML elements that scripts
+ can then look for and process.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Authors can use the <code title=meta><a href=#the-meta-element>&lt;meta name="" content=""&gt;</a></code> mechanism to
+ include page-wide metadata by registering <a href=#concept-meta-extensions title=concept-meta-extensions>extensions to
+ the predefined set of metadata names</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Authors can use the <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel=""</a></code> mechanism to annotate
+ links with specific meanings by registering <a href=#concept-rel-extensions title=concept-rel-extensions>extensions to
+ the predefined set of link types</a>. This is also used by microformats.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Authors can embed raw data using the <code title=script><a href=#the-script-element>&lt;script type=""&gt;</a></code>
+ mechanism with a custom type, for further handling by inline or server-side scripts.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Authors can create <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> and invoke them using the
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element. This is how Flash works.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Authors can extend APIs using the JavaScript prototyping mechanism. This is widely used by
+ script libraries, for instance.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Authors can use the microdata feature (the <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope=""</a></code> and <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop=""</a></code>
+ attributes) to embed nested name-value pairs of data to be shared with other applications and
+ sites.</li>
+
+ </ul><h3 id=html-vs-xhtml><span class=secno>1.8 </span>HTML vs XHTML</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>This specification defines an abstract language for describing documents and applications, and
+ some APIs for interacting with in-memory representations of resources that use this language.</p>
+
+ <p>The in-memory representation is known as "DOM HTML", or "the DOM" for short.</p>
+
+ <p>There are various concrete syntaxes that can be used to transmit resources that use this
+ abstract language, two of which are defined in this specification.</p>
+
+ <p>The first such concrete syntax is the HTML syntax. This is the format suggested for most
+ authors. It is compatible with most legacy Web browsers. If a document is transmitted with the
+ <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code> <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a>, then it will be processed as an HTML document by
+ Web browsers. This specification defines the latest HTML syntax, known simply as "HTML".</p>
+
+ <p>The second concrete syntax is the XHTML syntax, which is an application of XML. When a document
+ is transmitted with an <a href=#xml-mime-type>XML MIME type</a>, such as <code><a href=#application/xhtml+xml>application/xhtml+xml</a></code>,
+ then it is treated as an XML document by Web browsers, to be parsed by an XML processor. Authors
+ are reminded that the processing for XML and HTML differs; in particular, even minor syntax errors
+ will prevent a document labeled as XML from being rendered fully, whereas they would be ignored in
+ the HTML syntax. This specification defines the latest XHTML syntax, known simply as "XHTML".</p>
+
+ <p>The DOM, the HTML syntax, and the XHTML syntax cannot all represent the same content. For
+ example, namespaces cannot be represented using the HTML syntax, but they are supported in the DOM
+ and in the XHTML syntax. Similarly, documents that use the <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> feature can be
+ represented using the HTML syntax, but cannot be represented with the DOM or in the XHTML syntax.
+ Comments that contain the string "<code title="">--&gt;</code>" can only be represented in the
+ DOM, not in the HTML and XHTML syntaxes.</p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=structure-of-this-specification><span class=secno>1.9 </span>Structure of this specification</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>This specification is divided into the following major sections:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><a href=#introduction>Introduction</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>Non-normative materials providing a context for the HTML standard.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><a href=#infrastructure>Common infrastructure</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>The conformance classes, algorithms, definitions, and the common underpinnings of the rest of
+ the specification.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><a href=#dom>Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>Documents are built from elements. These elements form a tree using the DOM. This section
+ defines the features of this DOM, as well as introducing the features common to all elements, and
+ the concepts used in defining elements.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><a href=#semantics>The elements of HTML</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>Each element has a predefined meaning, which is explained in this section. Rules for authors
+ on how to use the element<span class=impl>, along with user agent requirements for how to
+ handle each element,</span> are also given. This includes large signature features of HTML such
+ as video playback and subtitles, form controls and form submission, and a 2D graphics API known
+ as the HTML canvas.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><a href=#microdata>Microdata</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>This specification introduces a mechanism for adding machine-readable annotations to
+ documents, so that tools can extract trees of name-value pairs from the document. This section
+ describes this mechanism<span class=impl> and some algorithms that can be used to convert HTML
+ documents into other formats</span>. This section also defines some sample Microdata vocabularies
+ for contact information, calendar events, and licensing works.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><a href=#editing>User interaction</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>HTML documents can provide a number of mechanisms for users to interact with and modify
+ content, which are described in this section, such as how focus works, and drag-and-drop.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><a href=#browsers>Loading Web pages</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>HTML documents do not exist in a vacuum &mdash; this section defines many of the features
+ that affect environments that deal with multiple pages, such as Web browsers and offline
+ caching of Web applications.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><a href=#webappapis>Web application APIs</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>This section introduces basic features for scripting of applications in HTML.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><a href=#workers>Web workers</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>This section defines an API for background threads in JavaScript.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><a href=#comms>The communication APIs</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>This section describes some mechanisms that applications written in HTML can use to
+ communicate with other applications from different domains running on the same client. It also
+ introduces a server-push event stream mechanism known as Server Sent Events or
+ <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code>, and a two-way full-duplex socket protocol for scripts known as Web
+ Sockets.
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><a href=#webstorage>Web storage</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>This section defines a client-side storage mechanism based on name-value pairs.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><a href=#syntax>The HTML syntax</a></dt>
+ <dt><a href=#xhtml>The XHTML syntax</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>All of these features would be for naught if they couldn't be represented in a serialized
+ form and sent to other people, and so these sections define the syntaxes of HTML and XHTML<span class=impl>, along with rules for how to parse content using those syntaxes</span>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><a href=#rendering>Rendering</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>This section defines the default rendering rules for Web browsers.</dd>
+
+
+ </dl><p>There are also some appendices, listing <a href=#obsolete>obsolete features</a> and <a href=#iana>IANA considerations</a>, and several indices.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=how-to-read-this-specification><span class=secno>1.9.1 </span>How to read this specification</h4>
+
+ <p>This specification should be read like all other specifications. First, it should be read
+ cover-to-cover, multiple times. Then, it should be read backwards at least once. Then it should be
+ read by picking random sections from the contents list and following all the cross-references.</p>
+
+ <p>As described in the conformance requirements section below, this specification describes
+ conformance criteria for a variety of conformance classes. In particular, there are conformance
+ requirements that apply to <em>producers</em>, for example authors and the documents they create,
+ and there are conformance requirements that apply to <em>consumers</em>, for example Web browsers.
+ They can be distinguished by what they are requiring: a requirement on a producer states what is
+ allowed, while a requirement on a consumer states how software is to act.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, "the <code title="">foo</code> attribute's value must be a <a href=#valid-integer>valid
+ integer</a>" is a requirement on producers, as it lays out the allowed values; in contrast,
+ the requirement "the <code title="">foo</code> attribute's value must be parsed using the
+ <a href=#rules-for-parsing-integers>rules for parsing integers</a>" is a requirement on consumers, as it describes how to
+ process the content.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p><strong>Requirements on producers have no bearing whatsoever on consumers.</strong></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Continuing the above example, a requirement stating that a particular attribute's value is
+ constrained to being a <a href=#valid-integer>valid integer</a> emphatically does <em>not</em> imply anything
+ about the requirements on consumers. It might be that the consumers are in fact required to treat
+ the attribute as an opaque string, completely unaffected by whether the value conforms to the
+ requirements or not. It might be (as in the previous example) that the consumers are required to
+ parse the value using specific rules that define how invalid (non-numeric in this case) values
+ are to be processed.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=typographic-conventions><span class=secno>1.9.2 </span>Typographic conventions</h4>
+
+ <p>This is a definition, requirement, or explanation.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is a note.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>This is an example.</p>
+
+ <p class=XXX>This is an open issue.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>This is a warning.</p>
+
+ <pre class="idl extract">interface <dfn title="">Example</dfn> {
+ // this is an IDL definition
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">variable</var> = <var title="">object</var> . <code title="">method</code>( [ <var title="">optionalArgument</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This is a note to authors describing the usage of an interface.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><pre class=css>/* this is a CSS fragment */</pre>
+
+ <p>The defining instance of a term is marked up like <dfn id=x-this title=x-this>this</dfn>. Uses of that
+ term are marked up like <a href=#x-this title=x-this>this</a> or like <i title=x-this><a href=#x-this>this</a></i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The defining instance of an element, attribute, or API is marked up like <dfn id=x-that title=x-that><code>this</code></dfn>. References to that element, attribute, or API are marked
+ up like <code title=x-that><a href=#x-that>this</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Other code fragments are marked up <code title="">like this</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Variables are marked up like <var title="">this</var>.</p>
+
+ <!--<p class="impl">This is an implementation requirement.</p>-->
+
+ <p>In an algorithm, steps in <a href=#synchronous-section title="synchronous section">synchronous sections</a> are
+ marked with &#x231b;.</p>
+
+ <p>In some cases, requirements are given in the form of lists with conditions and corresponding
+ requirements. In such cases, the requirements that apply to a condition are always the first set
+ of requirements that follow the condition, even in the case of there being multiple sets of
+ conditions for those requirements. Such cases are presented as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>This is a condition
+ <dt>This is another condition
+ </dt><dd>This is the requirement that applies to the conditions above.
+
+ <dt>This is a third condition
+ <dd>This is the requirement that applies to the third condition.
+
+ </dl><h3 id=fingerprint><span class=secno>1.10 </span>Privacy concerns</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Some features of HTML trade user convenience for a measure of user privacy.</p>
+
+ <p>In general, due to the Internet's architecture, a user can be distinguished from another by the
+ user's IP address. IP addresses do not perfectly match to a user; as a user moves from device to
+ device, or from network to network, their IP address will change; similarly, NAT routing, proxy
+ servers, and shared computers enable packets that appear to all come from a single IP address to
+ actually map to multiple users. Technologies such as onion routing can be used to further
+ anonymise requests so that requests from a single user at one node on the Internet appear to come
+ from many disparate parts of the network.</p>
+
+ <p>However, the IP address used for a user's requests is not the only mechanism by which a user's
+ requests could be related to each other. Cookies, for example, are designed specifically to enable
+ this, and are the basis of most of the Web's session features that enable you to log into a site
+ with which you have an account.</p>
+
+ <p>There are other mechanisms that are more subtle. Certain characteristics of a user's system can
+ be used to distinguish groups of users from each other; by collecting enough such information, an
+ individual user's browser's "digital fingerprint" can be computed, which can be as good, if not
+ better, as an IP address in ascertaining which requests are from the same user.</p>
+
+ <p>Grouping requests in this manner, especially across multiple sites, can be used for both benign
+ (and even arguably positive) purposes, as well as for malevolent purposes. An example of a
+ reasonably benign purpose would be determining whether a particular person seems to prefer sites
+ with dog illustrations as opposed to sites with cat illustrations (based on how often they visit
+ the sites in question) and then automatically using the preferred illustrations on subsequent
+ visits to participating sites. Malevolent purposes, however, could include governments combining
+ information such as the person's home address (determined from the addresses they use when getting
+ driving directions on one site) with their apparent political affiliations (determined by
+ examining the forum sites that they participate in) to determine whether the person should be
+ prevented from voting in an election.</p>
+
+ <p>Since the malevolent purposes can be remarkably evil, user agent implementors are encouraged to
+ consider how to provide their users with tools to minimise leaking information that could be used
+ to fingerprint a user.</p>
+
+ <p>Unfortunately, as the first paragraph in this section implies, sometimes there is great benefit
+ to be derived from exposing the very information that can also be used for fingerprinting
+ purposes, so it's not as easy as simply blocking all possible leaks. For instance, the ability to
+ log into a site to post under a specific identity requires that the user's requests be
+ identifiable as all being from the same user, more or less by definition. More subtly, though,
+ information such as how wide text is, which is necessary for many effects that involve drawing
+ text onto a canvas (e.g. any effect that involves drawing a border around the text) also leaks
+ information that can be used to group a user's requests. (In this case, by potentially exposing,
+ via a brute force search, which fonts a user has installed, information which can vary
+ considerably from user to user.)</p>
+
+ <p>Features in this specification which can be <dfn id=fingerprinting-vector title="fingerprinting vector">used to
+ fingerprint the user</dfn> are marked as this paragraph is.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>Other features in the platform can be used for the same purpose, though, including, though not
+ limited to:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The exact list of which features a user agents supports.</li>
+
+ <li>The maximum allowed stack depth for recursion in script.</li>
+
+ <li>Features that describe the user's environment, like Media Queries and the <code><a href=#screen>Screen</a></code>
+ object. <a href=#refsMQ>[MQ]</a> <a href=#refsCSSOMVIEW>[CSSOMVIEW]</a></li>
+
+ <li>The user's time zone.</li>
+
+ </ul><h3 id=a-quick-introduction-to-html><span class=secno>1.11 </span>A quick introduction to HTML</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>A basic HTML document looks like this:</p>
+
+ <pre id=intro-early-example>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Sample page&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Sample page&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;This is a &lt;a href="demo.html"&gt;simple&lt;/a&gt; sample.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;!-- this is a comment --&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>HTML documents consist of a tree of elements and text. Each element is denoted in the source by
+ a <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a>, such as "<code title="">&lt;body&gt;</code>", and
+ an <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>, such as "<code title="">&lt;/body&gt;</code>".
+ (Certain start tags and end tags can in certain cases be <a href=#syntax-tag-omission title=syntax-tag-omission>omitted</a> and are implied by other tags.)</p>
+
+ <p>Tags have to be nested such that elements are all completely within each other, without
+ overlapping:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;em&gt;very &lt;strong&gt;wrong&lt;/em&gt;!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;This &lt;em&gt;is &lt;strong&gt;correct&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This specification defines a set of elements that can be used in HTML, along with rules about
+ the ways in which the elements can be nested.</p>
+
+ <p>Elements can have attributes, which control how the elements work. In the example below, there
+ is a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>, formed using the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element and its <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;a href="demo.html"&gt;simple&lt;/a&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p><a href=#syntax-attributes title=syntax-attributes>Attributes</a> are placed inside the start tag, and consist
+ of a <a href=#syntax-attribute-name title=syntax-attribute-name>name</a> and a <a href=#syntax-attribute-value title=syntax-attribute-value>value</a>, separated by an "<code title="">=</code>" character.
+ The attribute value can remain <a href=#unquoted>unquoted</a> if it doesn't contain <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a> or any of <code title="">"</code> <code title="">'</code> <code title="">`</code> <code title="">=</code> <code title="">&lt;</code> or
+ <code title="">&gt;</code>. Otherwise, it has to be quoted using either single or double quotes.
+ The value, along with the "<code title="">=</code>" character, can be omitted altogether if the
+ value is the empty string.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!-- empty attributes --&gt;
+&lt;input name=address disabled&gt;
+&lt;input name=address disabled=""&gt;
+
+&lt;!-- attributes with a value --&gt;
+&lt;input name=address maxlength=200&gt;
+&lt;input name=address maxlength='200'&gt;
+&lt;input name=address maxlength="200"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>HTML user agents (e.g. Web browsers) then <i>parse</i> this markup, turning it into a DOM
+ (Document Object Model) tree. A DOM tree is an in-memory representation of a document.</p>
+
+ <p>DOM trees contain several kinds of nodes, in particular a <code><a href=#documenttype>DocumentType</a></code> node,
+ <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code> nodes, <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes, <code><a href=#comment-0>Comment</a></code> nodes, and in some cases
+ <code><a href=#processinginstruction>ProcessingInstruction</a></code> nodes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#intro-early-example>markup snippet at the top of this section</a> would be
+ turned into the following DOM tree:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t10>DOCTYPE: <code title="">html</code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">&#x23ce;&blank;&blank;</span><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">Sample page</span></ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">&#x23ce;&blank;</span></ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">&#x23ce;&blank;</span><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">&#x23ce;&blank;&blank;</span><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">Sample page</span></ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">&#x23ce;&blank;&blank;</span><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">This is a <!--grammar-check-override--></span><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">href</code>="<code class="attribute value">demo.html</code>"</span><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">simple</span></ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title=""> sample.</span></ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">&#x23ce;&blank;&blank;</span><li class=t8><code>#comment</code>: <span title=""> this is a comment </span><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">&#x23ce;&blank;&#x23ce;</span></ul></ul></ul><p>The <a href=#root-element>root element</a> of this tree is the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, which is the
+ element always found at the root of HTML documents. It contains two elements, <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>
+ and <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>, as well as a <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node between them.</p>
+
+ <p>There are many more <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes in the DOM tree than one would initially expect,
+ because the source contains a number of spaces (represented here by "&blank;") and line breaks
+ ("&#x23ce;") that all end up as <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes in the DOM. However, for historical
+ reasons not all of the spaces and line breaks in the original markup appear in the DOM. In
+ particular, all the whitespace before <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> start tag ends up being dropped silently,
+ and all the whitespace after the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> end tag ends up placed at the end of the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element contains a <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element, which itself contains a
+ <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node with the text "Sample page". Similarly, the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element
+ contains an <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element, and a comment.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>This DOM tree can be manipulated from scripts in the page. Scripts (typically in JavaScript)
+ are small programs that can be embedded using the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element or using <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event
+ handler content attributes</a>. For example, here is a form with a script that sets the value
+ of the form's <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code> element to say "Hello World":</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;<a href=#the-form-element>form</a> <a href=#attr-form-name title=attr-form-name>name</a>="main"&gt;
+ Result: &lt;<a href=#the-output-element>output</a> <a href=#attr-fe-name title=attr-fe-name>name</a>="result"&gt;&lt;/output&gt;
+ &lt;<a href=#the-script-element>script</a>&gt;
+ <a href=#document title=Document>document</a>.<a href=#dom-document-forms title=dom-document-forms>forms</a>.main.<a href=#dom-form-elements title=dom-form-elements>elements</a>.result.<a href=#dom-output-value title=dom-output-value>value</a> = 'Hello World';
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Each element in the DOM tree is represented by an object, and these objects have APIs so that
+ they can be manipulated. For instance, a link (e.g. the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element in the tree above)
+ can have its "<code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>" attribute changed in several
+ ways:</p>
+
+ <pre>var a = <a href=#document title=Document>document</a>.<a href=#dom-document-links title=dom-document-links>links</a>[0]; // obtain the first link in the document
+a.<a href=#dom-url-href title=dom-url-href>href</a> = 'sample.html'; // change the destination URL of the link
+a.<a href=#dom-url-protocol title=dom-url-protocol>protocol</a> = 'https'; // change just the scheme part of the URL
+a.setAttribute('href', 'http://example.com/'); // change the content attribute directly</pre>
+
+ <p>Since DOM trees are used as the way to represent HTML documents when they are processed and
+ presented by implementations (especially interactive implementations like Web browsers), this
+ specification is mostly phrased in terms of DOM trees, instead of the markup described above.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>HTML documents represent a media-independent description of interactive content. HTML documents
+ might be rendered to a screen, or through a speech synthesiser, or on a braille display. To
+ influence exactly how such rendering takes place, authors can use a styling language such as
+ CSS.</p>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the page has been made yellow-on-blue using CSS.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Sample styled page&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;style&gt;
+ body { background: navy; color: yellow; }
+ &lt;/style&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Sample styled page&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;This page is just a demo.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>For more details on how to use HTML, authors are encouraged to consult tutorials and guides.
+ Some of the examples included in this specification might also be of use, but the novice author is
+ cautioned that this specification, by necessity, defines the language with a level of detail that
+ might be difficult to understand at first.</p>
+
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <h4 id=writing-secure-applications-with-html><span class=secno>1.11.1 </span>Writing secure applications with HTML</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>When HTML is used to create interactive sites, care needs to be taken to avoid introducing
+ vulnerabilities through which attackers can compromise the integrity of the site itself or of the
+ site's users.</p>
+
+ <p>A comprehensive study of this matter is beyond the scope of this document, and authors are
+ strongly encouraged to study the matter in more detail. However, this section attempts to provide
+ a quick introduction to some common pitfalls in HTML application development.</p>
+
+ <p>The security model of the Web is based on the concept of "origins", and correspondingly many of
+ the potential attacks on the Web involve cross-origin actions. <a href=#refsORIGIN>[ORIGIN]</a></p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Not validating user input</dt>
+ <dt>Cross-site scripting (XSS)</dt>
+ <dt>SQL injection</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>When accepting untrusted input, e.g. user-generated content such as text comments, values in
+ URL parameters, messages from third-party sites, etc, it is imperative that the data be
+ validated before use, and properly escaped when displayed. Failing to do this can allow a
+ hostile user to perform a variety of attacks, ranging from the potentially benign, such as
+ providing bogus user information like a negative age, to the serious, such as running scripts
+ every time a user looks at a page that includes the information, potentially propagating the
+ attack in the process, to the catastrophic, such as deleting all data in the server.</p>
+
+ <p>When writing filters to validate user input, it is imperative that filters always be
+ whitelist-based, allowing known-safe constructs and disallowing all other input. Blacklist-based
+ filters that disallow known-bad inputs and allow everything else are not secure, as not
+ everything that is bad is yet known (for example, because it might be invented in the
+ future).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, suppose a page looked at its URL's query string to determine what to display,
+ and the site then redirected the user to that page to display a message, as in:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="message.cgi?say=Hello"&gt;Say Hello&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="message.cgi?say=Welcome"&gt;Say Welcome&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="message.cgi?say=Kittens"&gt;Say Kittens&lt;/a&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>If the message was just displayed to the user without escaping, a hostile attacker could
+ then craft a URL that contained a script element:</p>
+
+ <pre>http://example.com/message.cgi?say=%3Cscript%3Ealert%28%27Oh%20no%21%27%29%3C/script%3E</pre>
+
+ <p>If the attacker then convinced a victim user to visit this page, a script of the attacker's
+ choosing would run on the page. Such a script could do any number of hostile actions, limited
+ only by what the site offers: if the site is an e-commerce shop, for instance, such a script
+ could cause the user to unknowingly make arbitrarily many unwanted purchases.</p>
+
+ <p>This is called a cross-site scripting attack.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>There are many constructs that can be used to try to trick a site into executing code. Here
+ are some that authors are encouraged to consider when writing whitelist filters:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>When allowing harmless-seeming elements like <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, it is important to whitelist
+ any provided attributes as well. If one allowed all attributes then an attacker could, for
+ instance, use the <code title=handler-onload><a href=#handler-onload>onload</a></code> attribute to run arbitrary
+ script.</li>
+
+ <li>When allowing URLs to be provided (e.g. for links), the scheme of each URL also needs to be
+ explicitly whitelisted, as there are many schemes that can be abused. The most prominent
+ example is "<code title=javascript-protocol>javascript:</code>", but user agents can
+ implement (and indeed, have historically implemented) others.</li> <!-- IE had vbscript:,
+ Netscape had livescript:, etc. -->
+
+ <li>Allowing a <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element to be inserted means any <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements
+ in the page with relative links can be hijacked, and similarly that any form submissions can
+ get redirected to a hostile site.</li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If a site allows a user to make form submissions with user-specific side-effects, for example
+ posting messages on a forum under the user's name, making purchases, or applying for a passport,
+ it is important to verify that the request was made by the user intentionally, rather than by
+ another site tricking the user into making the request unknowingly.</p>
+
+ <p>This problem exists because HTML forms can be submitted to other origins.</p>
+
+ <p>Sites can prevent such attacks by populating forms with user-specific hidden tokens, or by
+ checking <code title=http-origin>Origin</code> headers on all requests.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+
+ <dt>Clickjacking</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A page that provides users with an interface to perform actions that the user might not wish
+ to perform needs to be designed so as to avoid the possibility that users can be tricked into
+ activating the interface.</p>
+
+ <p>One way that a user could be so tricked is if a hostile site places the victim site in a
+ small <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> and then convinces the user to click, for instance by having the user
+ play a reaction game. Once the user is playing the game, the hostile site can quickly position
+ the iframe under the mouse cursor just as the user is about to click, thus tricking the user
+ into clicking the victim site's interface.</p>
+
+ <p>To avoid this, sites that do not expect to be used in frames are encouraged to only enable
+ their interface if they detect that they are not in a frame (e.g. by comparing the <code title=dom-window><a href=#dom-window>window</a></code> object to the value of the <code title=dom-top><a href=#dom-top>top</a></code>
+ attribute).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security--><h4 id=common-pitfalls-to-avoid-when-using-the-scripting-apis><span class=secno>1.11.2 </span>Common pitfalls to avoid when using the scripting APIs</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Scripts in HTML have "run-to-completion" semantics, meaning that the browser will generally run
+ the script uninterrupted before doing anything else, such as firing further events or continuing
+ to parse the document.</p>
+
+ <p>On the other hand, parsing of HTML files happens asynchronously and incrementally, meaning that
+ the parser can pause at any point to let scripts run. This is generally a good thing, but it does
+ mean that authors need to be careful to avoid hooking event handlers after the events could have
+ possibly fired.</p>
+
+ <p>There are two techniques for doing this reliably: use <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event handler content
+ attributes</a>, or create the element and add the event handlers in the same script. The latter
+ is safe because, as mentioned earlier, scripts are run to completion before further events can
+ fire.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>One way this could manifest itself is with <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements and the <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event. The event could fire as soon as the element has been
+ parsed, especially if the image has already been cached (which is common).</p>
+
+ <p>Here, the author uses the <code title=handler-onload><a href=#handler-onload>onload</a></code> handler on an
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element to catch the <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;img src="games.png" alt="Games" onload="gamesLogoHasLoaded(event)"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>If the element is being added by script, then so long as the event handlers are added in the
+ same script, the event will still not be missed:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;script&gt;
+ var img = new Image();
+ img.src = 'games.png';
+ img.alt = 'Games';
+ img.onload = gamesLogoHasLoaded;
+ // img.addEventListener('load', gamesLogoHasLoaded, false); // would work also
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>However, if the author first created the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element and then in a separate
+ script added the event listeners, there's a chance that the <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code>
+ event would be fired in between, leading it to be missed:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;!-- Do not use this style, it has a race condition! --&gt;
+ &lt;img id="games" src="games.png" alt="Games"&gt;
+ &lt;!-- the 'load' event might fire here while the parser is taking a
+ break, in which case you will not see it! --&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ var img = document.getElementById('games');
+ img.onload = gamesLogoHasLoaded; // might never fire!
+ &lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=how-to-catch-mistakes-when-writing-html:-validators-and-conformance-checkers><span class=secno>1.11.3 </span>How to catch mistakes when writing HTML: validators and conformance checkers</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Authors are encouraged to make use of conformance checkers (also known as <i>validators</i>) to
+ catch common mistakes. The WHATWG maintains a list of such tools at: <a href=http://validator.whatwg.org/>http://validator.whatwg.org/</a></p>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=conformance-requirements-for-authors><span class=secno>1.12 </span>Conformance requirements for authors</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Unlike previous versions of the HTML specification, this specification defines in some detail
+ the required processing for invalid documents as well as valid documents.</p> <!-- This has led to
+ some questioning the purpose of conformance criteria: if there is no ambiguity in how something
+ will be processed, why disallow it? -->
+
+ <p>However, even though the processing of invalid content is in most cases well-defined,
+ conformance requirements for documents are still important: in practice, interoperability (the
+ situation in which all implementations process particular content in a reliable and identical or
+ equivalent way) is not the only goal of document conformance requirements. This section details
+ some of the more common reasons for still distinguishing between a conforming document and one
+ with errors.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=presentational-markup><span class=secno>1.12.1 </span>Presentational markup</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The majority of presentational features from previous versions of HTML are no longer allowed.
+ Presentational markup in general has been found to have a number of problems:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The use of presentational elements leads to poorer accessibility</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>While it is possible to use presentational markup in a way that provides users of assistive
+ technologies (ATs) with an acceptable experience (e.g. using ARIA), doing so is significantly
+ more difficult than doing so when using semantically-appropriate markup. Furthermore, even using
+ such techniques doesn't help make pages accessible for non-AT non-graphical users, such as users
+ of text-mode browsers.</p>
+
+ <p>Using media-independent markup, on the other hand, provides an easy way for documents to be
+ authored in such a way that they work for more users (e.g. text browsers).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Higher cost of maintenance</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>It is significantly easier to maintain a site written in such a way that the markup is
+ style-independent. For example, changing the color of a site that uses
+ <code>&lt;font&nbsp;color=""&gt;</code> throughout requires changes across the entire site, whereas
+ a similar change to a site based on CSS can be done by changing a single file.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Larger document sizes</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Presentational markup tends to be much more redundant, and thus results in larger document
+ sizes.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>For those reasons, presentational markup has been removed from HTML in this version. This
+ change should not come as a surprise; HTML4 deprecated presentational markup many years ago and
+ provided a mode (HTML4 Transitional) to help authors move away from presentational markup; later,
+ XHTML 1.1 went further and obsoleted those features altogether.</p>
+
+ <p>The only remaining presentational markup features in HTML are the <code title=attr-style><a href=#the-style-attribute>style</a></code> attribute and the <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element. Use of the <code title=attr-style><a href=#the-style-attribute>style</a></code> attribute is somewhat discouraged in production environments, but
+ it can be useful for rapid prototyping (where its rules can be directly moved into a separate
+ style sheet later) and for providing specific styles in unusual cases where a separate style sheet
+ would be inconvenient. Similarly, the <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element can be useful in syndication or
+ for page-specific styles, but in general an external style sheet is likely to be more convenient
+ when the styles apply to multiple pages.</p>
+
+ <p>It is also worth noting that some elements that were previously presentational have been
+ redefined in this specification to be media-independent: <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=syntax-errors><span class=secno>1.12.2 </span>Syntax errors</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The syntax of HTML is constrained to avoid a wide variety of problems.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Unintuitive error-handling behavior</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Certain invalid syntax constructs, when parsed, result in DOM trees that are highly
+ unintuitive.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, the following markup fragment results in a DOM with an <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element
+ that is an <em>earlier</em> sibling of the corresponding <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;table&gt;&lt;hr&gt;...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors with optional error recovery</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>To allow user agents to be used in controlled environments without having to implement the
+ more bizarre and convoluted error handling rules, user agents are permitted to fail whenever
+ encountering a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors where the error-handling behavior is not compatible with streaming user agents</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Some error-handling behavior, such as the behavior for the <code title="">&lt;table&gt;&lt;hr&gt;...</code> example mentioned above, are incompatible with streaming
+ user agents (user agents that process HTML files in one pass, without storing state). To avoid
+ interoperability problems with such user agents, any syntax resulting in such behavior is
+ considered invalid.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors that can result in infoset coercion</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>When a user agent based on XML is connected to an HTML parser, it is possible that certain
+ invariants that XML enforces, such as comments never containing two consecutive hyphens, will be
+ violated by an HTML file. Handling this can require that the parser coerce the HTML DOM into an
+ XML-compatible infoset. Most syntax constructs that require such handling are considered
+ invalid.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors that result in disproportionally poor performance</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Certain syntax constructs can result in disproportionally poor performance. To discourage the
+ use of such constructs, they are typically made non-conforming.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, the following markup results in poor performance, since all the unclosed
+ <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code> elements have to be reconstructed in each paragraph, resulting in progressively
+ more elements in each paragraph:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;He dreamt.
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;He dreamt that he ate breakfast.
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Then lunch.
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;And finally dinner.</pre>
+
+ <p>The resulting DOM for this fragment would be:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">He dreamt.</span></ul></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">He dreamt that he ate breakfast.</span></ul></ul></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">Then lunch.</span></ul></ul></ul></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">And finally dinner.</span></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors involving fragile syntax constructs</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>There are syntax constructs that, for historical reasons, are relatively fragile. To help
+ reduce the number of users who accidentally run into such problems, they are made
+ non-conforming.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, the parsing of certain named character references in attributes happens even
+ with the closing semicolon being omitted. It is safe to include an ampersand followed by
+ letters that do not form a named character reference, but if the letters are changed to a
+ string that <em>does</em> form a named character reference, they will be interpreted as that
+ character instead.</p>
+
+ <p>In this fragment, the attribute's value is "<code title="">?bill&amp;ted</code>":</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;a href="?bill&amp;ted"&gt;Bill and Ted&lt;/a&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In the following fragment, however, the attribute's value is actually "<code title="">?art&copy;</code>", <em>not</em> the intended "<code title="">?art&amp;copy</code>",
+ because even without the final semicolon, "<code title="">&amp;copy</code>" is handled the same
+ as "<code title="">&amp;copy;</code>" and thus gets interpreted as "<code title="">&copy;</code>":</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;a href="?art&amp;copy"&gt;Art and Copy&lt;/a&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>To avoid this problem, all named character references are required to end with a semicolon,
+ and uses of named character references without a semicolon are flagged as errors.</p>
+
+ <p>Thus, the correct way to express the above cases is as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;a href="?bill&amp;ted"&gt;Bill and Ted&lt;/a&gt; &lt;!-- &amp;ted is ok, since it's not a named character reference --&gt;</pre>
+ <pre>&lt;a href="?art&amp;amp;copy"&gt;Art and Copy&lt;/a&gt; &lt;!-- the &amp; has to be escaped, since &amp;copy <em>is</em> a named character reference --&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors involving known interoperability problems in legacy user agents</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Certain syntax constructs are known to cause especially subtle or serious problems in legacy
+ user agents, and are therefore marked as non-conforming to help authors avoid them.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, this is why the U+0060 GRAVE ACCENT character (`) is not allowed in unquoted
+ attributes. In certain legacy user agents, <!-- namely IE --> it is sometimes treated as a
+ quote character.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Another example of this is the DOCTYPE, which is required to trigger <a href=#no-quirks-mode>no-quirks
+ mode</a>, because the behavior of legacy user agents in <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a> is often
+ largely undocumented.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Errors that risk exposing authors to security attacks</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Certain restrictions exist purely to avoid known security problems.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, the restriction on using UTF-7 exists purely to avoid authors falling prey to a
+ known cross-site-scripting attack using UTF-7. <a href=#refsUTF7>[UTF7]</a></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+ <dt>Cases where the author's intent is unclear</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Markup where the author's intent is very unclear is often made non-conforming. Correcting
+ these errors early makes later maintenance easier.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, it is unclear whether the author intended the following to be an
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> heading or an <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code> heading:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;h1&gt;Contact details&lt;/h2&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Cases that are likely to be typos</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>When a user makes a simple typo, it is helpful if the error can be caught early, as this can
+ save the author a lot of debugging time. This specification therefore usually considers it an
+ error to use element names, attribute names, and so forth, that do not match the names defined
+ in this specification.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, if the author typed <code>&lt;capton&gt;</code> instead of
+ <code>&lt;caption&gt;</code>, this would be flagged as an error and the author could correct the
+ typo immediately.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors that could interfere with new syntax in the future</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>In order to allow the language syntax to be extended in the future, certain otherwise
+ harmless features are disallowed.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, "attributes" in end tags are ignored currently, but they are invalid, in case a
+ future change to the language makes use of that syntax feature without conflicting with
+ already-deployed (and valid!) content.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ </dl><p>Some authors find it helpful to be in the practice of always quoting all attributes and always
+ including all optional tags, preferring the consistency derived from such custom over the minor
+ benefits of terseness afforded by making use of the flexibility of the HTML syntax. To aid such
+ authors, conformance checkers can provide modes of operation wherein such conventions are
+ enforced.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=restrictions-on-content-models-and-on-attribute-values><span class=secno>1.12.3 </span>Restrictions on content models and on attribute values</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Beyond the syntax of the language, this specification also places restrictions on how elements
+ and attributes can be specified. These restrictions are present for similar reasons:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Errors involving content with dubious semantics</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>To avoid misuse of elements with defined meanings, content models are defined that restrict
+ how elements can be nested when such nestings would be of dubious value.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, this specification disallows nesting a <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>
+ element inside a <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> element, since it is highly unlikely for an author to indicate
+ that an entire section should be keyed in.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors that involve a conflict in expressed semantics</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Similarly, to draw the author's attention to mistakes in the use of elements, clear
+ contradictions in the semantics expressed are also considered conformance errors.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the fragments below, for example, the semantics are nonsensical: a separator cannot
+ simultaneously be a cell, nor can a radio button be a progress bar.</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;hr role="cell"&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;input type=radio role=progressbar&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=example>Another example is the restrictions on the content models of the
+ <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> element, which only allows <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element children. Lists by definition
+ consist just of zero or more list items, so if a <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> element contains something
+ other than an <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element, it's not clear what was meant.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Cases where the default styles are likely to lead to confusion</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Certain elements have default styles or behaviors that make certain combinations likely to
+ lead to confusion. Where these have equivalent alternatives without this problem, the confusing
+ combinations are disallowed.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> elements are rendered as block boxes, and
+ <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code> elements as inline boxes. Putting a block box in an inline box is
+ unnecessarily confusing; since either nesting just <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> elements, or nesting just
+ <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code> elements, or nesting <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code> elements inside <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>
+ elements all serve the same purpose as nesting a <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element in a <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code>
+ element, but only the latter involves a block box in an inline box, the latter combination is
+ disallowed.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Another example would be the way <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a> cannot be
+ nested. For example, a <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element cannot contain a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ element. This is because the default behavior of such nesting interactive elements would be
+ highly confusing to users. Instead of nesting these elements, they can be placed side by
+ side.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors that indicate a likely misunderstanding of the specification</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sometimes, something is disallowed because allowing it would likely cause author
+ confusion.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, setting the <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code>
+ attribute to the value "<code title="">false</code>" is disallowed, because despite the
+ appearance of meaning that the element is enabled, it in fact means that the element is
+ <em>disabled</em> (what matters for implementations is the presence of the attribute, not its
+ value).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors involving limits that have been imposed merely to simplify the language</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Some conformance errors simplify the language that authors need to learn.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element's <code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>shape</a></code> attribute, despite accepting both <code title=attr-area-shape-keyword-circ><a href=#attr-area-shape-keyword-circ>circ</a></code> and <code title=attr-area-shape-keyword-circle><a href=#attr-area-shape-keyword-circle>circle</a></code> values in practice as synonyms, disallows
+ the use of the <code title=attr-area-shape-keyword-circ><a href=#attr-area-shape-keyword-circ>circ</a></code> value, so as to simplify
+ tutorials and other learning aids. There would be no benefit to allowing both, but it would
+ cause extra confusion when teaching the language.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors that involve peculiarities of the parser</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Certain elements are parsed in somewhat eccentric ways (typically for historical reasons),
+ and their content model restrictions are intended to avoid exposing the author to these
+ issues.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element isn't allowed inside <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>,
+ because when parsed as HTML, a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element's start tag will imply a
+ <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element's end tag. Thus, the following markup results in two <a href=#paragraph title=paragraph>paragraphs</a>, not one:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Welcome. &lt;form&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name:&lt;/label&gt; &lt;input&gt;&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>It is parsed exactly like the following:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Welcome. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;form&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name:&lt;/label&gt; &lt;input&gt;&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors that would likely result in scripts failing in hard-to-debug ways</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Some errors are intended to help prevent script problems that would be hard to debug.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>This is why, for instance, it is non-conforming to have two <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attributes with the same value. Duplicate IDs lead to the wrong
+ element being selected, with sometimes disastrous effects whose cause is hard to determine.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors that waste authoring time</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Some constructs are disallowed because historically they have been the cause of a lot of
+ wasted authoring time, and by encouraging authors to avoid making them, authors can save time in
+ future efforts.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element's <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute causes the element's contents to be ignored.
+ However, this isn't obvious, especially if the element's contents appear to be executable script
+ &mdash; which can lead to authors spending a lot of time trying to debug the inline script
+ without realizing that it is not executing. To reduce this problem, this specification makes it
+ non-conforming to have executable script in a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element when the <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute is present. This means that authors who are
+ validating their documents are less likely to waste time with this kind of mistake.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors that involve areas that affect authors migrating to and from XHTML</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Some authors like to write files that can be interpreted as both XML and HTML with similar
+ results. Though this practice is discouraged in general due to the myriad of subtle
+ complications involved (especially when involving scripting, styling, or any kind of automated
+ serialization), this specification has a few restrictions intended to at least somewhat mitigate
+ the difficulties. This makes it easier for authors to use this as a transitionary step when
+ migrating between HTML and XHTML.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, there are somewhat complicated rules surrounding the <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> and <code title=attr-xml-lang><a href=#attr-xml-lang>xml:lang</a></code> attributes
+ intended to keep the two synchronized.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Another example would be the restrictions on the values of <code title="">xmlns</code> attributes in the HTML serialization, which are intended to ensure that
+ elements in conforming documents end up in the same namespaces whether processed as HTML or
+ XML.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors that involve areas reserved for future expansion</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>As with the restrictions on the syntax intended to allow for new syntax in future revisions
+ of the language, some restrictions on the content models of elements and values of attributes
+ are intended to allow for future expansion of the HTML vocabulary.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, limiting the values of the <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code> attribute that start with an U+005F LOW LINE
+ character (_) to only specific predefined values allows new predefined values to be introduced
+ at a future time without conflicting with author-defined values.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Errors that indicate a mis-use of other specifications</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Certain restrictions are intended to support the restrictions made by other
+ specifications.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, requiring that attributes that take media queries use only
+ <em>valid</em> media queries reinforces the importance of following the conformance rules of
+ that specification.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h3 id=suggested-reading><span class=secno>1.13 </span>Suggested reading</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The following documents might be of interest to readers of this specification.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><cite>Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Fundamentals</cite> <a href=#refsCHARMOD>[CHARMOD]</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><blockquote><p>This Architectural Specification provides authors of specifications, software
+ developers, and content developers with a common reference for interoperable text manipulation on
+ the World Wide Web, building on the Universal Character Set, defined jointly by the Unicode
+ Standard and ISO/IEC 10646. Topics addressed include use of the terms 'character', 'encoding' and
+ 'string', a reference processing model, choice and identification of character encodings,
+ character escaping, and string indexing.</blockquote></dd>
+
+ <dt><cite>Unicode Security Considerations</cite> <a href=#refsUTR36>[UTR36]</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><blockquote><p>Because Unicode contains such a large number of characters and incorporates
+ the varied writing systems of the world, incorrect usage can expose programs or systems to
+ possible security attacks. This is especially important as more and more products are
+ internationalized. This document describes some of the security considerations that programmers,
+ system analysts, standards developers, and users should take into account, and provides specific
+ recommendations to reduce the risk of problems.</blockquote></dd>
+
+ <dt><cite>Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0</cite> <a href=#refsWCAG>[WCAG]</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><blockquote><p>Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 covers a wide range of
+ recommendations for making Web content more accessible. Following these guidelines will make
+ content accessible to a wider range of people with disabilities, including blindness and low
+ vision, deafness and hearing loss, learning disabilities, cognitive limitations, limited
+ movement, speech disabilities, photosensitivity and combinations of these. Following these
+ guidelines will also often make your Web content more usable to users in
+ general.</blockquote></dd>
+
+ <dt class=impl><cite>Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) 2.0</cite> <a href=#refsATAG>[ATAG]</a></dt>
+
+ <dd class=impl><blockquote><p>This specification provides guidelines for designing Web content
+ authoring tools that are more accessible for people with disabilities. An authoring tool that
+ conforms to these guidelines will promote accessibility by providing an accessible user interface
+ to authors with disabilities as well as by enabling, supporting, and promoting the production of
+ accessible Web content by all authors.</blockquote></dd>
+
+ <dt class=impl><cite>User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG) 2.0</cite> <a href=#refsUAAG>[UAAG]</a></dt>
+
+ <dd class=impl><blockquote><p>This document provides guidelines for designing user agents that
+ lower barriers to Web accessibility for people with disabilities. User agents include browsers
+ and other types of software that retrieve and render Web content. A user agent that conforms to
+ these guidelines will promote accessibility through its own user interface and through other
+ internal facilities, including its ability to communicate with other technologies (especially
+ assistive technologies). Furthermore, all users, not just users with disabilities, should find
+ conforming user agents to be more usable.</blockquote></dd>
+
+ </dl><h2 id=infrastructure><span class=secno>2 </span>Common infrastructure</h2>
+
+ <h3 id=terminology><span class=secno>2.1 </span>Terminology</h3>
+
+ <p>This specification refers to both HTML and XML attributes and IDL attributes, often in the same
+ context. When it is not clear which is being referred to, they are referred to as <dfn title="">content attributes</dfn> for HTML and XML attributes, and <dfn title="">IDL
+ attributes</dfn> for those defined on IDL interfaces. Similarly, the term "properties" is used for
+ both JavaScript object properties and CSS properties. When these are ambiguous they are qualified
+ as <dfn title="">object properties</dfn> and <dfn title="">CSS properties</dfn> respectively.</p>
+
+ <p>Generally, when the specification states that a feature applies to <a href=#syntax>the HTML syntax</a>
+ or <a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>the XHTML syntax</a>, it also includes the other. When a feature specifically only
+ applies to one of the two languages, it is called out by explicitly stating that it does not apply
+ to the other format, as in "for HTML, ... (this does not apply to XHTML)".</p>
+
+ <p>This specification uses the term <dfn title="">document</dfn> to refer to any use of HTML,
+ ranging from short static documents to long essays or reports with rich multimedia, as well as to
+ fully-fledged interactive applications. The term is used to refer both to <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ objects and their descendant DOM trees, and to serialised byte streams using the <a href=#syntax title="the
+ HTML syntax">HTML syntax</a> or <a href=#the-xhtml-syntax title="the XHTML syntax">XHTML syntax</a>, depending
+ on context.</p>
+
+ <p>In the context of the DOM structures, the terms <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML
+ document</a> and <a href=#xml-documents title="XML documents">XML document</a> are used as defined in the DOM
+ specification, and refer specifically to two different modes that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects
+ can find themselves in. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a> (Such uses are always hyperlinked to their
+ definition.)</p>
+
+ <p>In the context of byte streams, the term HTML document refers to resources labeled as
+ <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code>, and the term XML document refers to resources labeled with an <a href=#xml-mime-type>XML
+ MIME type</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=xhtml-document>XHTML document</dfn> is used to refer to both <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s in the <a href=#xml-documents title="XML documents">XML document</a> mode that contains element nodes in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML
+ namespace</a>, and byte streams labeled with an <a href=#xml-mime-type>XML MIME type</a> that contain
+ elements from the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>, depending on context.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>For simplicity, terms such as <dfn title="">shown</dfn>, <dfn title="">displayed</dfn>, and
+ <dfn title="">visible</dfn> might sometimes be used when referring to the way a document is
+ rendered to the user. These terms are not meant to imply a visual medium; they must be considered
+ to apply to other media in equivalent ways.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an algorithm B says to return to another algorithm A, it implies that A called B. Upon
+ returning to A, the implementation must continue from where it left off in calling B.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- should find somewhere more appropriate to put this -->
+ <p>The term "transparent black" refers to the color with red, green, blue, and alpha channels all
+ set to zero.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=resources><span class=secno>2.1.1 </span>Resources</h4>
+
+ <p>The specification uses the term <dfn title="">supported</dfn> when referring to whether a user
+ agent has an implementation capable of decoding the semantics of an external resource. A format or
+ type is said to be <i>supported</i> if the implementation can process an external resource of that
+ format or type without critical aspects of the resource being ignored. Whether a specific resource
+ is <i>supported</i> can depend on what features of the resource's format are in use.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, a PNG image would be considered to be in a supported format if its
+ pixel data could be decoded and rendered, even if, unbeknownst to the implementation, the image
+ also contained animation data.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>An MPEG-4 video file would not be considered to be in a supported format if the
+ compression format used was not supported, even if the implementation could determine the
+ dimensions of the movie from the file's metadata.</p>
+
+ <p>What some specifications, in particular the HTTP specification, refer to as a
+ <i>representation</i> is referred to in this specification as a <dfn title="">resource</dfn>. <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=mime-type>MIME type</dfn> is used to refer to what is sometimes called an <i>Internet media
+ type</i> in protocol literature. The term <i>media type</i> in this specification is used to refer
+ to the type of media intended for presentation, as used by the CSS specifications. <a href=#refsRFC2046>[RFC2046]</a> <a href=#refsMQ>[MQ]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-mime-type>valid MIME type</dfn> if it matches the <code title="">media-type</code>
+ rule defined in section 3.7 "Media Types" of RFC 2616. In particular, a <a href=#valid-mime-type>valid MIME
+ type</a> may include MIME type parameters. <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-mime-type-with-no-parameters>valid MIME type with no parameters</dfn> if it matches the <code title="">media-type</code> rule defined in section 3.7 "Media Types" of RFC 2616, but does not
+ contain any U+003B SEMICOLON characters (;). In other words, if it consists only of a type and
+ subtype, with no MIME Type parameters. <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=html-mime-type>HTML MIME type</dfn> is used to refer to the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a>
+ <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>A resource's <dfn id=critical-subresources>critical subresources</dfn> are those that the resource needs to have
+ available to be correctly processed. Which resources are considered critical or not is defined by
+ the specification that defines the resource's format.</p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=data-protocol title="data protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URL</dfn> refers to <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> that use the <code title="">data:</code> scheme. <a href=#refsRFC2397>[RFC2397]</a></p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=xml><span class=secno>2.1.2 </span>XML</h4>
+
+ <p id=html-namespace>To ease migration from HTML to XHTML, UAs conforming to this specification
+ will place elements in HTML in the <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</code> namespace, at least
+ for the purposes of the DOM and CSS. The term "<dfn id=html-elements>HTML elements</dfn>", when used in this
+ specification, refers to any element in that namespace, and thus refers to both HTML and XHTML
+ elements.</p>
+
+ <p>Except where otherwise stated, all elements defined or mentioned in this specification are in
+ the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a> ("<code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</code>"), and all attributes
+ defined or mentioned in this specification have no namespace.</p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=element-type>element type</dfn> is used to refer to the set of elements that have a given
+ local name and namespace. For example, <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> elements are elements with the element
+ type <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>, meaning they have the local name "<code title="">button</code>" and
+ (implicitly as defined above) the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Attribute names are said to be <dfn id=xml-compatible>XML-compatible</dfn> if they match the <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#NT-Name><code title="">Name</code></a> production defined in XML
+ and they contain no U+003A COLON characters (:). <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=xml-mime-type>XML MIME type</dfn> is used to refer to the <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME
+ types</a> <code title="">text/xml</code>, <code title="">application/xml</code>, and any
+ <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> whose subtype ends with the four characters "<code title="">+xml</code>".
+ <a href=#refsRFC3023>[RFC3023]</a></p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=dom-trees><span class=secno>2.1.3 </span>DOM trees</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=root-element-of-a-document-object>root element of a <code>Document</code> object</dfn> is that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s
+ first element child, if any. If it does not have one then the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has no root
+ element.</p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=root-element>root element</dfn>, when not referring to a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's root
+ element, means the furthest ancestor element node of whatever node is being discussed, or the node
+ itself if it has no ancestors. When the node is a part of the document, then the node's <a href=#root-element>root
+ element</a> is indeed the document's root element; however, if the node is not currently part
+ of the document tree, the root element will be an orphaned node.</p>
+
+ <p>When an element's <a href=#root-element>root element</a> is the <a href=#root-element-of-a-document-object>root element of a
+ <code>Document</code> object</a>, it is said to be <dfn id=in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></dfn>. An
+ element is said to have been <dfn id=insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a document">inserted into a
+ document</dfn> when its <a href=#root-element>root element</a> changes and is now the document's <a href=#root-element>root
+ element</a>. Analogously, an element is said to have been <dfn id=remove-an-element-from-a-document title="remove an element from a
+ document">removed from a document</dfn> when its <a href=#root-element>root element</a> changes from being the
+ document's <a href=#root-element>root element</a> to being another element.</p>
+
+ <p>A node's <dfn id=home-subtree>home subtree</dfn> is the subtree rooted at that node's <a href=#root-element>root
+ element</a>. When a node is <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a>, its <a href=#home-subtree>home
+ subtree</a> is that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s tree.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of a <code><a href=#node>Node</a></code> (such as an element) is the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that the <code><a href=#node>Node</a></code>'s <code title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><a href=#dom-node-ownerdocument>ownerDocument</a></code> IDL attribute returns. When a
+ <code><a href=#node>Node</a></code> is <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a> then that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is
+ always the <code><a href=#node>Node</a></code>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and the <code><a href=#node>Node</a></code>'s <code title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><a href=#dom-node-ownerdocument>ownerDocument</a></code> IDL attribute thus always returns that
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of a content attribute is the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the
+ attribute's element.</p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=tree-order>tree order</dfn> means a pre-order, depth-first traversal of DOM nodes involved
+ (through the <code title=dom-Node-parentNode><a href=#dom-node-parentnode>parentNode</a></code>/<code title=dom-Node-childNodes><a href=#dom-node-childnodes>childNodes</a></code> relationship).</p>
+
+ <p>When it is stated that some element or attribute is <dfn id=ignore title=ignore>ignored</dfn>, or
+ treated as some other value, or handled as if it was something else, this refers only to the
+ processing of the node after it is in the DOM. <span class=impl>A user agent must not mutate the
+ DOM in such situations.</span></p>
+
+ <p>A content attribute is said to <dfn title="">change</dfn> value only if its new value is
+ different than its previous value; setting an attribute to a value it already has does not change
+ it.</p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn title="">empty</dfn>, when used of an attribute value, <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node, or
+ string, means that the length of the text is zero (i.e. not even containing spaces or <a href=#control-characters>control
+ characters</a>).</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=scripting-0><span class=secno>2.1.4 </span>Scripting</h4>
+
+ <p>The construction "a <code>Foo</code> object", where <code>Foo</code> is actually an interface,
+ is sometimes used instead of the more accurate "an object implementing the interface
+ <code>Foo</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>An IDL attribute is said to be <dfn title="">getting</dfn> when its value is being retrieved
+ (e.g. by author script), and is said to be <dfn title="">setting</dfn> when a new value is
+ assigned to it.</p>
+
+ <p>If a DOM object is said to be <dfn id=live>live</dfn>, then the attributes and methods on that object
+ <span class=impl>must</span> operate on the actual underlying data, not a snapshot of the
+ data.</p>
+
+ <p>In the contexts of events, the terms <i>fire</i> and <i>dispatch</i> are used as defined in the
+ DOM specification: <dfn id=concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>firing</dfn> an event means to create and <a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>dispatch</a> it, and <dfn id=concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>dispatching</dfn> an event means to follow the steps that propagate
+ the event through the tree. The term <dfn id=concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted event</dfn> is
+ used to refer to events whose <code title=dom-event-isTrusted><a href=#dom-event-istrusted>isTrusted</a></code> attribute is
+ initialised to true. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=plugins><span class=secno>2.1.5 </span>Plugins</h4>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=plugin>plugin</dfn> refers to a user-agent defined set of content handlers used by the
+ user agent that can take part in the user agent's rendering of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, but
+ that neither act as <a href=#child-browsing-context title="child browsing context">child browsing contexts</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> nor introduce any <code><a href=#node>Node</a></code> objects to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s
+ DOM.</p>
+
+ <p>Typically such content handlers are provided by third parties, though a user agent can also
+ designate built-in content handlers as plugins.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A user agent must not consider the types <code>text/plain</code> and
+ <code>application/octet-stream</code> as having a registered <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>.</p> <!-- because
+ of the way <object> elements handles those types, if nothing else (it also doesn't make any sense
+ to have a plugin registered for those types, of course) -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=example>One example of a plugin would be a PDF viewer that is instantiated in a
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> when the user navigates to a PDF file. This would count as a plugin
+ regardless of whether the party that implemented the PDF viewer component was the same as that
+ which implemented the user agent itself. However, a PDF viewer application that launches separate
+ from the user agent (as opposed to using the same interface) is not a plugin by this
+ definition.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This specification does not define a mechanism for interacting with plugins, as it
+ is expected to be user-agent- and platform-specific. Some UAs might opt to support a plugin
+ mechanism such as the Netscape Plugin API; others might use remote content converters or have
+ built-in support for certain types. Indeed, this specification doesn't require user agents to
+ support plugins at all. <a href=#refsNPAPI>[NPAPI]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A plugin can be <dfn id=concept-plugin-secure title=concept-plugin-secure>secured</dfn> if it honors the semantics of
+ the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, a secured plugin would prevent its contents from creating pop-up
+ windows when the plugin is instantiated inside a sandboxed <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=warning>Browsers should take extreme care when interacting with external content
+ intended for <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a>. When third-party software is run with the same
+ privileges as the user agent itself, vulnerabilities in the third-party software become as
+ dangerous as those in the user agent.</p>
+
+ <p>Since different users having differents sets of <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> provides a
+ fingerprinting vector that increases the chances of users being uniquely identified, user agents
+ are encouraged to support the exact same set of <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> for each
+ user.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=encoding-terminology><span class=secno>2.1.6 </span>Character encodings</h4>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=encoding title=encoding>character encoding</dfn>, or just <i><a href=#encoding>encoding</a></i> where that is not
+ ambiguous, is a defined way to convert between byte streams and Unicode strings, as defined in the
+ WHATWG Encoding standard. An <a href=#encoding>encoding</a> has an <dfn id=encoding-name>encoding name</dfn> and one or more
+ <dfn id=encoding-label title="encoding label">encoding labels</dfn>, referred to as the encoding's <i>name</i> and
+ <i>labels</i> in the Encoding standard. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <p>An <dfn id=ascii-compatible-character-encoding>ASCII-compatible character encoding</dfn> is a single-byte or variable-length
+ <a href=#encoding>encoding</a> in which the bytes 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x20 - 0x22, 0x26, 0x27, 0x2C -
+ 0x3F, 0x41 - 0x5A, and 0x61 - 0x7A<!-- is that list ok? do any character sets we want to support
+ do things outside that range? -->, ignoring bytes that are the second and later bytes of multibyte
+ sequences, all correspond to single-byte sequences that map to the same Unicode characters as
+ those bytes in Windows-1252<!--ANSI_X3.4-1968 (US-ASCII)-->. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>This includes such encodings as Shift_JIS, HZ-GB-2312, and variants of ISO-2022,
+ even though it is possible in these encodings for bytes like 0x70 to be part of longer sequences
+ that are unrelated to their interpretation as ASCII. It excludes UTF-16 variants, as well as
+ obsolete legacy encodings such as UTF-7, GSM03.38, and EBCDIC variants.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ We'll have to change that if anyone comes up with a way to have a document that is valid as two
+ different encodings at once, with different <meta charset> elements applying in each case.
+ -->
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=a-utf-16-encoding>a UTF-16 encoding</dfn> refers to any variant of UTF-16: UTF-16LE or UTF-16BE,
+ regardless of the presence or absence of a BOM. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=code-unit>code unit</dfn> is used as defined in the Web IDL specification: a 16 bit
+ unsigned integer, the smallest atomic component of a <code>DOMString</code>. (This is a narrower
+ definition than the one used in Unicode, and is not the same as a <i>code point</i>.) <a href=#refsWEBIDL>[WEBIDL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=unicode-code-point>Unicode code point</dfn> means a <i title="">Unicode scalar value</i> where
+ possible, and an isolated surrogate code point when not. When a conformance requirement is defined
+ in terms of characters or Unicode code points, a pair of <a href=#code-unit title="code unit">code units</a>
+ consisting of a high surrogate followed by a low surrogate must be treated as the single code
+ point represented by the surrogate pair, but isolated surrogates must each be treated as the
+ single code point with the value of the surrogate. <a href=#refsUNICODE>[UNICODE]</a></p>
+
+ <p>In this specification, the term <dfn id=character>character</dfn>, when not qualified as <em>Unicode</em>
+ character, is synonymous with the term <a href=#unicode-code-point>Unicode code point</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=unicode-character>Unicode character</dfn> is used to mean a <i title="">Unicode scalar value</i>
+ (i.e. any Unicode code point that is not a surrogate code point). <a href=#refsUNICODE>[UNICODE]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=code-unit-length>code-unit length</dfn> of a string is the number of <a href=#code-unit title="code unit">code
+ units</a> in that string.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This complexity results from the historical decision to define the DOM API in
+ terms of 16 bit (UTF-16) <a href=#code-unit title="code unit">code units</a>, rather than in terms of <a href=#unicode-character title="Unicode character">Unicode characters</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=conformance-requirements><span class=secno>2.2 </span>Conformance requirements</h3>
+
+ <p>All diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative, as are all sections
+ explicitly marked non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.</p>
+
+ <p>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", <!--"REQUIRED",--> <!--"SHALL", "SHALL NOT",--> "SHOULD", "SHOULD
+ NOT", <!--"RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED",--> "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in the normative parts of
+ this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119. The key word "OPTIONALLY" in the
+ normative parts of this document is to be interpreted with the same normative meaning as "MAY" and
+ "OPTIONAL". For readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase letters in this
+ specification. <a href=#refsRFC2119>[RFC2119]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms (such as "strip any leading space
+ characters" or "return false and abort these steps") are to be interpreted with the meaning of the
+ key word ("must", "should", "may", etc) used in introducing the algorithm.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, were the spec to say:</p>
+
+ <pre>To eat an orange, the user must:
+1. Peel the orange.
+2. Separate each slice of the orange.
+3. Eat the orange slices.</pre>
+
+ <p>...it would be equivalent to the following:</p>
+
+ <pre>To eat an orange:
+1. The user must peel the orange.
+2. The user must separate each slice of the orange.
+3. The user must eat the orange slices.</pre>
+
+ <p>Here the key word is "must".</p>
+
+ <p>The former (imperative) style is generally preferred in this specification for stylistic
+ reasons.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps may be implemented in any
+ manner, so long as the end result is equivalent. (In particular, the algorithms defined in this
+ specification are intended to be easy to follow, and not intended to be performant.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=conformance-classes><span class=secno>2.2.1 </span>Conformance classes</h4>
+
+ <p>This specification describes the conformance criteria for <span class=impl>user agents
+ (relevant to implementors) and</span> documents<span class=impl> (relevant to authors and
+ authoring tool implementors)</span>.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=conforming-documents>Conforming documents</dfn> are those that comply with all the conformance criteria for
+ documents. For readability, some of these conformance requirements are phrased as conformance
+ requirements on authors; such requirements are implicitly requirements on documents: by
+ definition, all documents are assumed to have had an author. (In some cases, that author may
+ itself be a user agent &mdash; such user agents are subject to additional rules, as explained
+ below.)</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if a requirement states that "authors must not use the <code title="">foobar</code> element", it would imply that documents are not allowed to contain elements
+ named <code title="">foobar</code>.</p>
+
+ <p class="note impl">There is no implied relationship between document conformance requirements
+ and implementation conformance requirements. User agents are not free to handle non-conformant
+ documents as they please; the processing model described in this specification applies to
+ implementations regardless of the conformity of the input documents.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents fall into several (overlapping) categories with different conformance
+ requirements.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt id=interactive>Web browsers and other interactive user agents</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Web browsers that support <a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>the XHTML syntax</a> must process elements and attributes
+ from the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a> found in XML documents as described in this specification,
+ so that users can interact with them, unless the semantics of those elements have been
+ overridden by other specifications.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>A conforming XHTML processor would, upon finding an XHTML <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ element in an XML document, execute the script contained in that element. However, if the
+ element is found within a transformation expressed in XSLT (assuming the user agent also
+ supports XSLT), then the processor would instead treat the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element as an
+ opaque element that forms part of the transform.</p>
+
+ <p>Web browsers that support <a href=#syntax>the HTML syntax</a> must process documents labeled with an
+ <a href=#html-mime-type>HTML MIME type</a> as described in this specification, so that users can interact with
+ them.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents that support scripting must also be conforming implementations of the IDL
+ fragments in this specification, as described in the Web IDL specification. <a href=#refsWEBIDL>[WEBIDL]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>Unless explicitly stated, specifications that override the semantics of HTML
+ elements do not override the requirements on DOM objects representing those elements. For
+ example, the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element in the example above would still implement the
+ <code><a href=#htmlscriptelement>HTMLScriptElement</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt id=non-interactive>Non-interactive presentation user agents</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>User agents that process HTML and XHTML documents purely to render non-interactive versions
+ of them must comply to the same conformance criteria as Web browsers, except that they are
+ exempt from requirements regarding user interaction.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Typical examples of non-interactive presentation user agents are printers
+ (static UAs) and overhead displays (dynamic UAs). It is expected that most static
+ non-interactive presentation user agents will also opt to <a href=#non-scripted>lack scripting
+ support</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>A non-interactive but dynamic presentation UA would still execute scripts,
+ allowing forms to be dynamically submitted, and so forth. However, since the concept of "focus"
+ is irrelevant when the user cannot interact with the document, the UA would not need to support
+ any of the focus-related DOM APIs.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt id=renderingUA>Visual user agents that support the suggested default rendering</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>User agents, whether interactive or not, may be designated (possibly as a user option) as
+ supporting the suggested default rendering defined by this specification.</p>
+
+ <p>This is not required. In particular, even user agents that do implement the suggested default
+ rendering are encouraged to offer settings that override this default to improve the experience
+ for the user, e.g. changing the color contrast, using different focus styles, or otherwise
+ making the experience more accessible and usable to the user.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents that are designated as supporting the suggested default rendering must, while so
+ designated, implement the rules in <a href=#rendering>the rendering section</a> that that
+ section defines as the behavior that user agents are <em>expected</em> to implement.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt id=non-scripted>User agents with no scripting support</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Implementations that do not support scripting (or which have their scripting features
+ disabled entirely) are exempt from supporting the events and DOM interfaces mentioned in this
+ specification. For the parts of this specification that are defined in terms of an events model
+ or in terms of the DOM, such user agents must still act as if events and the DOM were
+ supported.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Scripting can form an integral part of an application. Web browsers that do not
+ support scripting, or that have scripting disabled, might be unable to fully convey the author's
+ intent.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Conformance checkers</dt>
+
+ <dd id=conformance-checkers>
+
+ <p>Conformance checkers must verify that a document conforms to the applicable conformance
+ criteria described in this specification. Automated conformance checkers are exempt from
+ detecting errors that require interpretation of the author's intent (for example, while a
+ document is non-conforming if the content of a <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code> element is not a quote,
+ conformance checkers running without the input of human judgement do not have to check that
+ <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code> elements only contain quoted material).</p>
+
+ <p>Conformance checkers must check that the input document conforms when parsed without a
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> (meaning that no scripts are run, and that the parser's
+ <a href=#scripting-flag>scripting flag</a> is disabled), and should also check that the input document conforms
+ when parsed with a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> in which scripts execute, and that the scripts
+ never cause non-conforming states to occur other than transiently during script execution
+ itself. (This is only a "SHOULD" and not a "MUST" requirement because it has been proven to be
+ impossible. <a href=#refsCOMPUTABLE>[COMPUTABLE]</a>)</p>
+
+ <p>The term "HTML validator" can be used to refer to a conformance checker that itself conforms
+ to the applicable requirements of this specification.</p>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>XML DTDs cannot express all the conformance requirements of this specification. Therefore, a
+ validating XML processor and a DTD cannot constitute a conformance checker. Also, since neither
+ of the two authoring formats defined in this specification are applications of SGML, a
+ validating SGML system cannot constitute a conformance checker either.</p>
+
+ <p>To put it another way, there are three types of conformance criteria:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Criteria that can be expressed in a DTD.</li>
+
+ <li>Criteria that cannot be expressed by a DTD, but can still be checked by a machine.</li>
+
+ <li>Criteria that can only be checked by a human.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>A conformance checker must check for the first two. A simple DTD-based validator only checks
+ for the first class of errors and is therefore not a conforming conformance checker according
+ to this specification.</p>
+
+ </div>
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Data mining tools</dt>
+
+ <dd id=data-mining>
+
+ <p>Applications and tools that process HTML and XHTML documents for reasons other than to either
+ render the documents or check them for conformance should act in accordance with the semantics
+ of the documents that they process.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>A tool that generates <a href=#outline title=outline>document outlines</a> but
+ increases the nesting level for each paragraph and does not increase the nesting level for each
+ section would not be conforming.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=editors>Authoring tools and markup generators</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Authoring tools and markup generators must generate <a href=#conforming-documents>conforming documents</a>.
+ Conformance criteria that apply to authors also apply to authoring tools, where appropriate.</p>
+
+ <p>Authoring tools are exempt from the strict requirements of using elements only for their
+ specified purpose, but only to the extent that authoring tools are not yet able to determine
+ author intent. However, authoring tools must not automatically misuse elements or encourage
+ their users to do so.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, it is not conforming to use an <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> element for
+ arbitrary contact information; that element can only be used for marking up contact information
+ for the author of the document or section. However, since an authoring tool is likely unable to
+ determine the difference, an authoring tool is exempt from that requirement. This does not mean,
+ though, that authoring tools can use <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> elements for any block of italics text
+ (for instance); it just means that the authoring tool doesn't have to verify that when the user
+ uses a tool for inserting contact information for a section, that the user really is doing that
+ and not inserting something else instead.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In terms of conformance checking, an editor has to output documents that conform
+ to the same extent that a conformance checker will verify.</p>
+
+ <p>When an authoring tool is used to edit a non-conforming document, it may preserve the
+ conformance errors in sections of the document that were not edited during the editing session
+ (i.e. an editing tool is allowed to round-trip erroneous content). However, an authoring tool
+ must not claim that the output is conformant if errors have been so preserved.</p>
+
+ <p>Authoring tools are expected to come in two broad varieties: tools that work from structure
+ or semantic data, and tools that work on a What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get media-specific editing
+ basis (WYSIWYG).</p>
+
+ <p>The former is the preferred mechanism for tools that author HTML, since the structure in the
+ source information can be used to make informed choices regarding which HTML elements and
+ attributes are most appropriate.</p>
+
+ <p>However, WYSIWYG tools are legitimate. WYSIWYG tools should use elements they know are
+ appropriate, and should not use elements that they do not know to be appropriate. This might in
+ certain extreme cases mean limiting the use of flow elements to just a few elements, like
+ <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code> and making liberal use
+ of the <code title=attr-style><a href=#the-style-attribute>style</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>All authoring tools, whether WYSIWYG or not, should make a best effort attempt at enabling
+ users to create well-structured, semantically rich, media-independent content.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p id=hardwareLimitations>User agents may impose implementation-specific limits on otherwise
+ unconstrained inputs, e.g. to prevent denial of service attacks, to guard against running out of
+ memory, or to work around platform-specific limitations.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>For compatibility with existing content and prior specifications, this specification describes
+ two authoring formats: one based on XML (referred to as <a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>the XHTML syntax</a>), and one
+ using a <a href=#writing>custom format</a> inspired by SGML (referred to as <a href=#syntax>the HTML
+ syntax</a>). Implementations must support at least one of these two formats, although
+ supporting both is encouraged.</p>
+
+ <p>Some conformance requirements are phrased as requirements on elements, attributes, methods or
+ objects. Such requirements fall into two categories: those describing content model restrictions,
+ and those describing implementation behavior. Those in the former category are requirements on
+ documents and authoring tools. Those in the second category are requirements on user agents.
+ Similarly, some conformance requirements are phrased as requirements on authors; such requirements
+ are to be interpreted as conformance requirements on the documents that authors produce. (In other
+ words, this specification does not distinguish between conformance criteria on authors and
+ conformance criteria on documents.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=dependencies><span class=secno>2.2.2 </span>Dependencies</h4>
+
+ <p>This specification relies on several other underlying specifications.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Unicode and Encoding</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The Unicode character set is used to represent textual data, and the WHATWG Encoding standard
+ defines requirements around <a href=#encoding title=encoding>character encodings</a>. <a href=#refsUNICODE>[UNICODE]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>This specification <a href=#encoding-terminology>introduces terminology</a>
+ based on the terms defined in those specifications, as described earlier.</p>
+
+ <p>The following terms are used as defined in the WHATWG Encoding standard: <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=getting-an-encoding>Getting an encoding</dfn>
+
+ <li>The <dfn id=encoder>encoder</dfn> and <dfn id=decoder>decoder</dfn> algorithms for various encodings, including
+ the <dfn id=utf-8-encoder>UTF-8 encoder</dfn> and <dfn id=utf-8-decoder>UTF-8 decoder</dfn>
+
+ <li>The generic <dfn id=decode>decode</dfn> algorithm which takes a byte stream and an encoding and
+ returns a character stream
+
+ <li>The <dfn id=utf-8-decode>UTF-8 decode</dfn> algorithm which takes a byte stream and returns a character
+ stream, additionally stripping one leading UTF-8 Byte Order Mark (BOM), if any
+
+ </ul><p class=note>The <a href=#utf-8-decoder>UTF-8 decoder</a> is distinct from the <i>UTF-8 decode
+ algorithm</i>. The latter first strips a Byte Order Mark (BOM), if any, and then invokes the
+ former.</p>
+
+ <p>For readability, character encodings are sometimes referenced in this specification with a
+ case that differs from the canonical case given in the WHATWG Encoding standard. (For example,
+ "UTF-16LE" instead of "utf-16le".)</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>XML</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Implementations that support <a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>the XHTML syntax</a> must support some version of XML,
+ as well as its corresponding namespaces specification, because that syntax uses an XML
+ serialization with namespaces. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a> <a href=#refsXMLNS>[XMLNS]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>URLs</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The following terms are defined in the WHATWG URL standard: <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=url>URL</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=absolute-url>Absolute URL</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=relative-url>Relative URL</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=concept-url-scheme-relative title=concept-url-scheme-relative>Relative schemes</dfn>
+ <li>The <dfn id=url-parser>URL parser</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=parsed-url>Parsed URL</dfn>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</dfn> component of a <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-url-scheme-data title=concept-url-scheme-data>scheme data</dfn> component of a <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-url-username title=concept-url-username>username</dfn> component of a <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-url-password title=concept-url-password>password</dfn> component of a <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-url-host title=concept-url-host>host</dfn> component of a <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-url-port title=concept-url-port>port</dfn> component of a <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-url-path title=concept-url-path>path</dfn> component of a <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-url-query title=concept-url-query>query</dfn> component of a <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-url-fragment title=concept-url-fragment>fragment</dfn> component of a <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>
+ <li><dfn id=concept-url-parse-error title=concept-url-parse-error>Parse errors</dfn> from the <a href=#url-parser>URL parser</a>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-url-serializer title=concept-url-serializer>URL serializer</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=default-encode-set>Default encode set</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=percent-encode>Percent encode</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=utf-8-percent-encode>UTF-8 percent encode</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=percent-decode>Percent decode</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=decoder-error>Decoder error</dfn>
+ <li>The <dfn id=domain-label-to-ascii>domain label to ASCII</dfn> algorithm</li>
+ <li>The <dfn id=domain-label-to-unicode>domain label to Unicode</dfn> algorithm</li>
+ <li><dfn id=urlutils><code>URLUtils</code></dfn> interface
+ <li><dfn id=urlutilsreadonly><code>URLUtilsReadOnly</code></dfn> interface
+ <li><dfn id=dom-url-href title=dom-url-href><code>href</code> attribute</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-url-protocol title=dom-url-protocol><code>protocol</code> attribute</dfn>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-uu-get-the-base title=concept-uu-get-the-base>get the base</dfn> hook for <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-uu-update title=concept-uu-update>update steps</dfn> hook for <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-uu-set-the-input title=concept-uu-set-the-input>set the input</dfn> algorithm for <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-uu-query-encoding title=concept-uu-query-encoding>query encoding</dfn> of an <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> object
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-uu-input title=concept-uu-input>input</dfn> of an <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> object
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-uu-url title=concept-uu-url>url</dfn> of an <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> object
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Cookies</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The following terms are defined in the Cookie specification: <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=cookie-string>cookie-string</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=receives-a-set-cookie-string>receives a set-cookie-string</dfn>
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Fetch</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The following terms are defined in the WHATWG Fetch specification: <a href=#refsFETCH>[FETCH]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=cross-origin-request>cross-origin request</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=cross-origin-request-status>cross-origin request status</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=custom-request-headers>custom request headers</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=simple-cross-origin-request>simple cross-origin request</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=redirect-steps>redirect steps</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=omit-credentials-flag>omit credentials flag</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=resource-sharing-check>resource sharing check</dfn>
+ </ul><p class=note>This specification does not yet use the "fetch" algorithm from the WHATWG Fetch
+ specification. It will be updated to do so in due course.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+
+ <dt>Web IDL</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The IDL fragments in this specification must be interpreted as required for conforming IDL
+ fragments, as described in the Web IDL specification. <a href=#refsWEBIDL>[WEBIDL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The terms <dfn id=supported-property-indices>supported property indices</dfn>, <dfn id=determine-the-value-of-an-indexed-property>determine the value of an indexed
+ property</dfn>, <dfn id=support-named-properties>support named properties</dfn>, <dfn id=supported-property-names>supported property names</dfn>,
+ <dfn id=unenumerable>unenumerable</dfn>, <dfn id=determine-the-value-of-a-named-property>determine the value of a named property</dfn>, <dfn id=platform-array-objects>platform array
+ objects</dfn>, and <dfn id=dfn-read-only-array title=dfn-read-only-array>read only</dfn> (when applied to arrays)
+ are used as defined in the Web IDL specification. The algorithm to <dfn id=convert-a-domstring-to-a-sequence-of-unicode-characters>convert a DOMString to a
+ sequence of Unicode characters</dfn> is similarly that defined in the Web IDL specification.</p>
+
+ <p>When this specification requires a user agent to <dfn id=create-a-date-object>create a <code>Date</code> object</dfn>
+ representing a particular time (which could be the special value Not-a-Number), the milliseconds
+ component of that time, if any, must be truncated to an integer, and the time value of the newly
+ created <code>Date</code> object must represent the resulting truncated time.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For instance, given the time 23045 millionths of a second after 01:00 UTC on
+ January 1st 2000, i.e. the time 2000-01-01T00:00:00.023045Z, then the <code>Date</code> object
+ created representing that time would represent the same time as that created representing the
+ time 2000-01-01T00:00:00.023Z, 45 millionths earlier. If the given time is NaN, then the result
+ is a <code>Date</code> object that represents a time value NaN (indicating that the object does
+ not represent a specific instant of time).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>JavaScript</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Some parts of the language described by this specification only support JavaScript as the
+ underlying scripting language. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The term "JavaScript" is used to refer to ECMA262, rather than the official term
+ ECMAScript, since the term JavaScript is more widely known. Similarly, the <a href=#mime-type>MIME
+ type</a> used to refer to JavaScript in this specification is <code title="">text/javascript</code>, since that is the most commonly used type, <a href=#willful-violation title="willful
+ violation">despite it being an officially obsoleted type</a> according to RFC 4329. <a href=#refsRFC4329>[RFC4329]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=javascript-global-environment>JavaScript global environment</dfn> refers to the <i title="">global
+ environment</i> concept defined in the ECMAScript specification.</p>
+
+ <p>The ECMAScript <dfn id=js-syntaxerror title=js-SyntaxError><code>SyntaxError</code></dfn> exception is also
+ defined in the ECMAScript specification. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</dfn> and related object types and underlying concepts from the
+ ECMAScript Specification are used for several features in this specification. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The following helper IDL is used for referring to <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code>-related types:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>typedef (<dfn id=int8array>Int8Array</dfn> or <dfn id=uint8array>Uint8Array</dfn> or <dfn id=uint8clampedarray>Uint8ClampedArray</dfn> or
+ <dfn id=int16array>Int16Array</dfn> or <dfn id=uint16array>Uint16Array</dfn> or
+ <dfn id=int32array>Int32Array</dfn> or <dfn id=uint32array>Uint32Array</dfn> or
+ <dfn id=float32array>Float32Array</dfn> or <dfn id=float64array>Float64Array</dfn> or
+ <dfn id=dataview>DataView</dfn>) <dfn id=arraybufferview>ArrayBufferView</dfn>;</pre>
+
+ <p class=note>In particular, the <code><a href=#uint8clampedarray>Uint8ClampedArray</a></code> type is used by some <a href=#imagedata title=ImageData>2D canvas APIs</a>, and the <a href=#network><code>WebSocket</code>
+ API</a> uses <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> objects for handling binary frames.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>DOM</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The Document Object Model (DOM) is a representation &mdash; a model &mdash; of a document and
+ its content. The DOM is not just an API; the conformance criteria of HTML implementations are
+ defined, in this specification, in terms of operations on the DOM. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Implementations must support DOM and the events defined in DOM Events, because this
+ specification is defined in terms of the DOM, and some of the features are defined as extensions
+ to the DOM interfaces. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a> <a href=#refsDOMEVENTS>[DOMEVENTS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>In particular, the following features are defined in the DOM specification: <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p> <!-- aka DOM Core or DOMCORE -->
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=attr><code>Attr</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=comment-0><code>Comment</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=domimplementation><code>DOMImplementation</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-document title="DOM Document"><code>Document</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=documentfragment><code>DocumentFragment</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=documenttype><code>DocumentType</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=domexception><code>DOMException</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=childnode><code>ChildNode</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=element><code>Element</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=node><code>Node</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=nodelist><code>NodeList</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=processinginstruction><code>ProcessingInstruction</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=text><code>Text</code></dfn> interface</li>
+
+ <li><dfn id=htmlcollection><code>HTMLCollection</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-htmlcollection-item title=dom-HTMLCollection-item><code>item()</code></dfn> method</li>
+ <li>The terms <dfn id=collections>collections</dfn> and <dfn id=represented-by-the-collection>represented by the collection</dfn></li>
+
+ <li><dfn id=domtokenlist><code>DOMTokenList</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=domsettabletokenlist><code>DOMSettableTokenList</code></dfn> interface</li>
+
+ <li><dfn id=dom-domimplementation-createdocument title=dom-DOMImplementation-createDocument><code>createDocument()</code></dfn> method</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-domimplementation-createhtmldocument title=dom-DOMImplementation-createHTMLDocument><code>createHTMLDocument()</code></dfn> method</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-document-createelement title=dom-Document-createElement><code>createElement()</code></dfn> method</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-document-createelementns title=dom-Document-createElementNS><code>createElementNS()</code></dfn> method</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-document-getelementbyid title=dom-Document-getElementById><code>getElementById()</code></dfn> method</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-node-insertbefore title=dom-Node-insertBefore><code>insertBefore()</code></dfn> method</li>
+
+ <li><dfn id=dom-node-ownerdocument title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><code>ownerDocument</code></dfn> attribute</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-node-childnodes title=dom-Node-childNodes><code>childNodes</code></dfn> attribute</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-node-localname title=dom-Node-localName><code>localName</code></dfn> attribute</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-node-parentnode title=dom-Node-parentNode><code>parentNode</code></dfn> attribute</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-node-namespaceuri title=dom-Node-namespaceURI><code>namespaceURI</code></dfn> attribute</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-element-tagname title=dom-Element-tagName><code>tagName</code></dfn> attribute</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-element-id title=dom-Element-id><code>id</code></dfn> attribute</li>
+ <li><dfn id=textcontent><code>textContent</code></dfn> attribute</li>
+
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-node-insert title=concept-node-insert>insert</dfn>, <dfn id=concept-node-append title=concept-node-append>append</dfn>, <dfn id=concept-node-remove title=concept-node-remove>remove</dfn>, <dfn id=concept-node-replace title=concept-node-replace>replace</dfn>, and <dfn id=concept-node-adopt title=concept-node-adopt>adopt</dfn> algorithms for nodes</li>
+ <li>The <dfn id=nodes-are-inserted>nodes are inserted</dfn> and <dfn id=nodes-are-removed>nodes are removed</dfn> concepts</li>
+ <li>An element's <dfn id=concept-node-adopt-ext title=concept-node-adopt-ext>adopting steps</dfn></li>
+ <li>The <dfn id=attribute-list>attribute list</dfn> concept.</li>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-cd-data title=concept-cd-data>data</dfn> of a text node.</li>
+
+ <li><dfn id=event><code>Event</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=eventtarget><code>EventTarget</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=eventinit><code>EventInit</code></dfn> dictionary type</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-event-target title=dom-Event-target><code>target</code></dfn> attribute</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-event-istrusted title=dom-Event-isTrusted><code>isTrusted</code></dfn> attribute</li>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-event-type title=concept-event-type>type</dfn> of an event</li>
+ <li>The concept of an <dfn id=concept-event-listener title=concept-event-listener>event listener</dfn> and the <a href=#concept-event-listener title=concept-event-listener>event listeners</a> associated with an <code><a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a></code></li>
+ <li>The concept of a <dfn id=target-override>target override</dfn></li>
+ <li>The concept of a regular <dfn id=event-parent>event parent</dfn> and a <dfn id=cross-boundary-event-parent>cross-boundary event parent</dfn></li> <!-- see bug 18780 -->
+
+ <li>The <dfn id="document's-character-encoding" title="document's character encoding">encoding</dfn> (herein the <i>character encoding</i>) and <dfn id=concept-document-content-type title=concept-document-content-type>content type</dfn> of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code></li>
+ <li>The distinction between <dfn id=xml-documents>XML documents</dfn> and <dfn id=html-documents>HTML documents</dfn></li>
+ <li>The terms <dfn id=quirks-mode>quirks mode</dfn>, <dfn id=limited-quirks-mode>limited-quirks mode</dfn>, and <dfn id=no-quirks-mode>no-quirks mode</dfn></li>
+ <li>The algorithm to <dfn id=concept-node-clone title=concept-node-clone>clone</dfn> a <code><a href=#node>Node</a></code>, and the concept of <dfn id=concept-node-clone-ext title=concept-node-clone-ext>cloning steps</dfn> used by that algorithm</li>
+ <li>The concept of <dfn id=base-url-change-steps>base URL change steps</dfn> and the definition of what happens when an element is <dfn id=affected-by-a-base-url-change>affected by a base URL change</dfn></li>
+ <li>The concept of an element's <dfn id=concept-id title=concept-id>unique identifier (ID)</dfn></li>
+
+ <li>The concept of a DOM <dfn id=concept-range title=concept-range>range</dfn>, and the terms <dfn id=concept-range-start title=concept-range-start>start</dfn>, <dfn id=concept-range-end title=concept-range-end>end</dfn>, and <dfn id=concept-range-bp title=concept-range-bp>boundary point</dfn> as applied to ranges.</li>
+
+ <li><dfn id=mutationobserver><code>MutationObserver</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-mo-invoke title=concept-mo-invoke>invoke <code>MutationObserver</code> objects</dfn> algorithm</li>
+
+ <li><dfn id=promise>Promise</dfn> interface</li>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-resolver title=concept-resolver>resolver</dfn> concept</li>
+ <li>The <dfn id=concept-resolver-fulfill title=concept-resolver-fulfill>fulfill</dfn> and <dfn id=concept-resolver-reject title=concept-resolver-reject>reject</dfn> algorithms</li>
+
+ </ul><p>The term <dfn id=throw>throw</dfn> in this specification is used as defined in the DOM specification.
+ The following <code><a href=#domexception>DOMException</a></code> types are defined in the DOM specification: <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li value=1><dfn id=indexsizeerror><code>IndexSizeError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=3><dfn id=hierarchyrequesterror><code>HierarchyRequestError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=4><dfn id=wrongdocumenterror><code>WrongDocumentError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=5><dfn id=invalidcharactererror><code>InvalidCharacterError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=7><dfn id=nomodificationallowederror><code>NoModificationAllowedError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=8><dfn id=notfounderror><code>NotFoundError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=9><dfn id=notsupportederror><code>NotSupportedError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=11><dfn id=invalidstateerror><code>InvalidStateError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=12><dfn id=syntaxerror><code>SyntaxError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=13><dfn id=invalidmodificationerror><code>InvalidModificationError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=14><dfn id=namespaceerror><code>NamespaceError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=15><dfn id=invalidaccesserror><code>InvalidAccessError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=18><dfn id=securityerror><code>SecurityError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=19><dfn id=networkerror><code>NetworkError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=20><dfn id=aborterror><code>AbortError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=21><dfn id=urlmismatcherror><code>URLMismatchError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=22><dfn id=quotaexceedederror><code>QuotaExceededError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=23><dfn id=timeouterror><code>TimeoutError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=24><dfn id=invalidnodetypeerror><code>InvalidNodeTypeError</code></dfn></li>
+ <li value=25><dfn id=datacloneerror><code>DataCloneError</code></dfn></li>
+ </ol><p class=example>For example, to <i>throw a <code><a href=#timeouterror>TimeoutError</a></code> exception</i>, a user
+ agent would construct a <code><a href=#domexception>DOMException</a></code> object whose type was the string "<code title="">TimeoutError</code>" (and whose code was the number 23, for legacy reasons) and
+ actually throw that object as an exception.</p>
+
+ <p>The following features are defined in the DOM Events specification: <a href=#refsDOMEVENTS>[DOMEVENTS]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=mouseevent><code>MouseEvent</code></dfn> interface</li>
+ <li><dfn id=mouseeventinit><code>MouseEventInit</code></dfn> dictionary type</li>
+
+ <li>The <dfn id=focusevent><code>FocusEvent</code></dfn> interface and its <dfn id=dom-focusevent-relatedtarget title=dom-FocusEvent-relatedTarget><code>relatedTarget</code></dfn> attribute</li>
+
+ <li>The <dfn id=uievent><code>UIEvent</code></dfn> interface's <dfn id=dom-uievent-detail title=dom-UIEvent-detail><code>detail</code></dfn> attribute</li>
+
+ <li><dfn id=event-click title=event-click><code>click</code></dfn> event</li>
+ <li><dfn id=event-dblclick title=event-dblclick><code>dblclick</code></dfn> event</li>
+ <li><dfn id=event-mousedown title=event-mousedown><code>mousedown</code></dfn> event</li>
+ <li><dfn id=event-mouseenter title=event-mouseenter><code>mouseenter</code></dfn> event</li>
+ <li><dfn id=event-mouseleave title=event-mouseleave><code>mouseleave</code></dfn> event</li>
+ <li><dfn id=event-mousemove title=event-mousemove><code>mousemove</code></dfn> event</li>
+ <li><dfn id=event-mouseout title=event-mouseout><code>mouseout</code></dfn> event</li>
+ <li><dfn id=event-mouseover title=event-mouseover><code>mouseover</code></dfn> event</li>
+ <li><dfn id=event-mouseup title=event-mouseup><code>mouseup</code></dfn> event</li>
+ <li><dfn id=event-mousewheel title=event-mousewheel><code>mousewheel</code></dfn> event</li>
+
+ <li><dfn id=event-keydown title=event-keydown><code>keydown</code></dfn> event</li>
+ <li><dfn id=event-keyup title=event-keyup><code>keyup</code></dfn> event</li>
+ <li><dfn id=event-keypress title=event-keypress><code>keypress</code></dfn> event</li>
+
+ </ul><p>The following features are defined in the Touch Events specification: <a href=#refsTOUCH>[TOUCH]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=touch><code>Touch</code></dfn> interface</li>
+
+ <li><dfn id=touch-point>Touch point</dfn> concept</li>
+
+ </ul><p>This specification sometimes uses the term <dfn title="">name</dfn> to refer to the event's
+ <code title=dom-event-type>type</code>; as in, "an event named <code title="">click</code>"
+ or "if the event name is <code title="">keypress</code>". The terms "name" and "type" for
+ events are synonymous.</p>
+
+ <p>The following features are defined in the DOM Parsing and Serialization specification: <a href=#refsDOMPARSING>[DOMPARSING]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=dom-innerhtml title=dom-innerHTML><code>innerHTML</code></dfn></li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-outerhtml title=dom-outerHTML><code>outerHTML</code></dfn></li>
+ </ul><p class=note>User agents are also encouraged to implement the features described in the
+ <cite>HTML Editing APIs</cite> and <cite><code>UndoManager</code> and DOM Transaction</cite>
+ specifications.
+ <a href=#refsEDITING>[EDITING]</a>
+ <a href=#refsUNDO>[UNDO]</a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The following parts of the Fullscreen specification are referenced from this specification,
+ in part to define the rendering of <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> elements, and also to define how the
+ Fullscreen API interacts with the sandboxing features in HTML: <a href=#refsFULLSCREEN>[FULLSCREEN]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>The <dfn id=top-layer>top layer</dfn> concept</li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-element-requestfullscreen title=dom-element-requestFullscreen><code>requestFullscreen()</code></dfn>
+ <li>The <dfn id=fullscreen-enabled-flag>fullscreen enabled flag</dfn></li>
+ <li>The <dfn id=fully-exit-fullscreen>fully exit fullscreen</dfn> algorithm</li>
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+
+ <dt>File API</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This specification uses the following features defined in the File API specification: <a href=#refsFILEAPI>[FILEAPI]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=blob><code>Blob</code></dfn></li>
+ <li><dfn id=file><code>File</code></dfn></li>
+ <li><dfn id=filelist><code>FileList</code></dfn></li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-blob-close title=dom-Blob-close><code>Blob.close()</code></dfn></li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-blob-type title=dom-Blob-type><code>Blob.type</code></dfn></li>
+ <li>The concept of <dfn id=file-error-read title=file-error-read>read errors</dfn></li>
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>XMLHttpRequest</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This specification references the XMLHttpRequest specification to describe how the two
+ specifications interact and to use its <code><a href=#progressevent>ProgressEvent</a></code> features. The following
+ features and terms are defined in the XMLHttpRequest specification: <a href=#refsXHR>[XHR]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=xmlhttprequest><code>XMLHttpRequest</code></dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=progressevent><code>ProgressEvent</code></dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=fire-a-progress-event title="fire a progress event">Fire a progress event named <var title="">e</var></dfn>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <dt>Media Queries</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Implementations must support the Media Queries language. <a href=#refsMQ>[MQ]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>CSS modules</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>While support for CSS as a whole is not required of implementations of this specification
+ (though it is encouraged, at least for Web browsers), some features are defined in terms of
+ specific CSS requirements.</p>
+
+ <p>In particular, some features require that a string be <dfn id=parsed-as-a-css-color-value>parsed as a CSS &lt;color&gt;
+ value</dfn>. When parsing a CSS value, user agents are required by the CSS specifications to
+ apply some error handling rules. These apply to this specification also. <a href=#refsCSSCOLOR>[CSSCOLOR]</a> <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, user agents are required to close all open constructs upon
+ finding the end of a style sheet unexpectedly. Thus, when parsing the string "<code title="">rgb(0,0,0</code>" (with a missing close-parenthesis) for a color value, the close
+ parenthesis is implied by this error handling rule, and a value is obtained (the color 'black').
+ However, the similar construct "<code title="">rgb(0,0,</code>" (with both a missing parenthesis
+ and a missing "blue" value) cannot be parsed, as closing the open construct does not result in a
+ viable value.</p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=css-element-reference-identifier>CSS element reference identifier</dfn> is used as defined in the <cite>CSS
+ Image Values and Replaced Content</cite> specification to define the API that declares
+ identifiers for use with the CSS 'element()' function. <a href=#refsCSSIMAGES>[CSSIMAGES]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, the term <dfn id=provides-a-paint-source>provides a paint source</dfn> is used as defined in the <cite>CSS
+ Image Values and Replaced Content</cite> specification to define the interaction of certain HTML
+ elements with the CSS 'element()' function. <a href=#refsCSSIMAGES>[CSSIMAGES]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=default-object-size>default object size</dfn> is also defined in the <cite>CSS Image Values and
+ Replaced Content</cite> specification. <a href=#refsCSSIMAGES>[CSSIMAGES]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Implementations that support scripting must support the CSS Object Model. The following
+ features and terms are defined in the CSSOM specifications: <a href=#refsCSSOM>[CSSOM]</a> <a href=#refsCSSOMVIEW>[CSSOMVIEW]</a>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=screen><code>Screen</code></dfn></li>
+ <li><dfn id=linkstyle><code>LinkStyle</code></dfn></li>
+ <li><dfn id=cssstyledeclaration><code>CSSStyleDeclaration</code></dfn></li>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-cssstyledeclaration-csstext title=dom-CSSStyleDeclaration-cssText><code>cssText</code></dfn> attribute of <code><a href=#cssstyledeclaration>CSSStyleDeclaration</a></code></li>
+ <li><dfn id=stylesheet><code>StyleSheet</code></dfn></li>
+ <li>The terms <dfn id=create-a-css-style-sheet>create a CSS style sheet</dfn>, <dfn id=remove-a-css-style-sheet>remove a CSS style sheet</dfn>, and <dfn id=associated-css-style-sheet>associated CSS style sheet</dfn></li>
+ <li><dfn id=css-style-sheet title="CSS style sheet">CSS style sheets</dfn> and their properties:
+ <dfn id=concept-css-style-sheet-type title=concept-css-style-sheet-type>type</dfn>,
+ <dfn id=concept-css-style-sheet-location title=concept-css-style-sheet-location>location</dfn>,
+ <dfn id=concept-css-style-sheet-parent-css-style-sheet title=concept-css-style-sheet-parent-CSS-style-sheet>parent CSS style sheet</dfn>,
+ <dfn id=concept-css-style-sheet-owner-node title=concept-css-style-sheet-owner-node>owner node</dfn>,
+ <dfn id=concept-css-style-sheet-owner-css-rule title=concept-css-style-sheet-owner-CSS-rule>owner CSS rule</dfn>,
+ <dfn id=concept-css-style-sheet-media title=concept-css-style-sheet-media>media</dfn>,
+ <dfn id=concept-css-style-sheet-title title=concept-css-style-sheet-title>title</dfn>,
+ <dfn id=concept-css-style-sheet-alternate-flag title=concept-css-style-sheet-alternate-flag>alternate flag</dfn>,
+ <dfn id=concept-css-style-sheet-disabeld-flag title=concept-css-style-sheet-disabeld-flag>disabled flag</dfn>,
+ <dfn id=concept-css-style-sheet-css-rules title=concept-css-style-sheet-CSS-rules>CSS rules</dfn>,
+ <dfn id=concept-css-style-sheet-origin-clean-flag title=concept-css-style-sheet-origin-clean-flag>origin-clean flag</dfn>
+ </li>
+ <li><dfn id=alternative-style-sheet-sets>Alternative style sheet sets</dfn> and the <dfn id=preferred-style-sheet-set>preferred style sheet set</dfn></li>
+ <li><dfn id=serializing-a-css-value>Serializing a CSS value</dfn></li>
+ <li><dfn id=scroll-an-element-into-view>Scroll an element into view</dfn></li>
+ <li><dfn id=scroll-to-the-beginning-of-the-document>Scroll to the beginning of the document</dfn></li>
+ <li>The <dfn id=event-resize title=event-resize><code>resize</code></dfn> event</li>
+ <li>The <dfn id=event-scroll title=event-scroll><code>scroll</code></dfn> event</li>
+ </ul><p>The term <dfn id=environment-encoding>environment encoding</dfn> is defined in the <cite>CSS Syntax</cite>
+ specifications. <a href=#refsCSSSYNTAX>[CSSSYNTAX]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=css-styling-attribute>CSS styling attribute</dfn> is defined in the <cite>CSS Style Attributes</cite>
+ specification. <a href=#refsCSSATTR>[CSSATTR]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's use of fonts depends on the features
+ described in the CSS <cite>Fonts</cite> and <cite>Font Load Events</cite> specifications, including in particular
+ <dfn id=fontloader><code>FontLoader</code></dfn>. <a href=#refsCSSFONTS>[CSSFONTS]</a> <a href=#refsCSSFONTLOAD>[CSSFONTLOAD]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Canvas-->
+
+ <dt>SVG</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The following interface is defined in the SVG specification: <a href=#refsSVG>[SVG]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=svgmatrix><code>SVGMatrix</code></dfn>
+ </ul><!-- mention that the parser supports it? --></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>WebGL</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The following interface is defined in the WebGL specification: <a href=#refsWEBGL>[WEBGL]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=webglrenderingcontext><code>WebGLRenderingContext</code></dfn>
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <!-- mention that the parser supports mathml? -->
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Video Text Tracks-->
+
+ <dt>WebVTT</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Implementations may support <dfn id=webvtt>WebVTT</dfn> as a text track format for subtitles, captions,
+ chapter titles, metadata, etc, for media resources. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The following terms, used in this specification, are defined in the WebVTT specification:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=webvtt-file>WebVTT file</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=webvtt-file-using-cue-text>WebVTT file using cue text</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=webvtt-file-using-chapter-title-text>WebVTT file using chapter title text</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=webvtt-file-using-only-nested-cues>WebVTT file using only nested cues</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=webvtt-parser>WebVTT parser</dfn>
+ <li>The <dfn id=rules-for-updating-the-display-of-webvtt-text-tracks>rules for updating the display of WebVTT text tracks</dfn>
+ <li>The <dfn id=rules-for-interpreting-webvtt-cue-text>rules for interpreting WebVTT cue text</dfn>
+ <li>The WebVTT <dfn id=text-track-cue-writing-direction>text track cue writing direction</dfn>
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:WebSocket API-->
+
+ <dt>The WebSocket protocol</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The following terms are defined in the WebSocket protocol specification: <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=establish-a-websocket-connection>establish a WebSocket connection</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=the-websocket-connection-is-established>the WebSocket connection is established</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id="validate-the-server's-response">validate the server's response</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=extensions-in-use>extensions in use</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=subprotocol-in-use>subprotocol in use</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=headers-to-send-appropriate-cookies>headers to send appropriate cookies</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id="cookies-set-during-the-server's-opening-handshake">cookies set during the server's opening handshake</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=a-websocket-message-has-been-received>a WebSocket message has been received</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=send-a-websocket-message>send a WebSocket Message</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=fail-the-websocket-connection>fail the WebSocket connection</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=close-the-websocket-connection>close the WebSocket connection</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=start-the-websocket-closing-handshake>start the WebSocket closing handshake</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=the-websocket-closing-handshake-is-started>the WebSocket closing handshake is started</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=the-websocket-connection-is-closed>the WebSocket connection is closed</dfn> (possibly <i title="">cleanly</i>)
+ <li><dfn id=the-websocket-connection-close-code>the WebSocket connection close code</dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=the-websocket-connection-close-reason>the WebSocket connection close reason</dfn>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <dt>ARIA</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The terms <dfn id=strong-native-semantics>strong native semantics</dfn> is used as defined in the ARIA specification.
+ The term <dfn id=default-implicit-aria-semantics>default implicit ARIA semantics</dfn> has the same meaning as the term <i>implicit
+ WAI-ARIA semantics</i> as used in the ARIA specification. <a href=#refsARIA>[ARIA]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-aria-role title=attr-aria-role><code>role</code></dfn> and <code title="">aria-*</code>
+ attributes are defined in the ARIA specification. <a href=#refsARIA>[ARIA]</a></p>
+
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ </dl><p>This specification does not <em>require</em> support of any particular network protocol, style
+ sheet language, scripting language, or any of the DOM specifications beyond those required in the
+ list above. However, the language described by this specification is biased towards CSS as the
+ styling language, JavaScript as the scripting language, and HTTP as the network protocol, and
+ several features assume that those languages and protocols are in use.</p>
+
+ <p>A user agent that implements the HTTP protocol must implement the Web Origin Concept
+ specification and the HTTP State Management Mechanism specification (Cookies) as well. <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a> <a href=#refsORIGIN>[ORIGIN]</a> <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>This specification might have certain additional requirements on character
+ encodings, image formats, audio formats, and video formats in the respective sections.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=extensibility-0><span class=secno>2.2.3 </span>Extensibility</h4>
+
+ <p>Vendor-specific proprietary user agent extensions to this specification are strongly
+ discouraged. Documents must not use such extensions, as doing so reduces interoperability and
+ fragments the user base, allowing only users of specific user agents to access the content in
+ question.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If such extensions are nonetheless needed, e.g. for experimental purposes, then vendors are
+ strongly urged to use one of the following extension mechanisms:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>For markup-level features that can be limited to the XML serialization and need not be
+ supported in the HTML serialization, vendors should use the namespace mechanism to define custom
+ namespaces in which the non-standard elements and attributes are supported.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For markup-level features that are intended for use with <a href=#syntax>the HTML syntax</a>,
+ extensions should be limited to new attributes of the form "<code title="">x-<var title="">vendor</var>-<var title="">feature</var></code>", where <var title="">vendor</var> is a
+ short string that identifies the vendor responsible for the extension, and <var title="">feature</var> is the name of the feature. New element names should not be created.
+ Using attributes for such extensions exclusively allows extensions from multiple vendors to
+ co-exist on the same element, which would not be possible with elements. Using the "<code title="">x-<var title="">vendor</var>-<var title="">feature</var></code>" form allows extensions
+ to be made without risk of conflicting with future additions to the specification.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For instance, a browser named "FerretBrowser" could use "ferret" as a vendor prefix, while a
+ browser named "Mellblom Browser" could use "mb". If both of these browsers invented extensions
+ that turned elements into scratch-and-sniff areas, an author experimenting with these features
+ could write:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;This smells of lemons!
+&lt;span x-ferret-smellovision x-ferret-smellcode="LEM01"
+ x-mb-outputsmell x-mb-smell="lemon juice"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ul><p>Attribute names beginning with the two characters "<code title="">x-</code>" are reserved for
+ user agent use and are guaranteed to never be formally added to the HTML language. For
+ flexibility, attributes names containing underscores (the U+005F LOW LINE character) are also
+ reserved for experimental purposes and are guaranteed to never be formally added to the HTML
+ language.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Pages that use such attributes are by definition non-conforming.</p>
+
+ <p>For DOM extensions, e.g. new methods and IDL attributes, the new members should be prefixed by
+ vendor-specific strings to prevent clashes with future versions of this specification.</p>
+
+ <p>For events, experimental event types should be prefixed with vendor-specific strings.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, if a user agent called "Pleas<!--e h-->old" were to add an event to indicate when
+ the user is going up in an elevator, it could use the prefix "<code title="">pleasold</code>" and
+ thus name the event "<code title="">pleasoldgoingup</code>", possibly with an event handler
+ attribute named "<code title="">onpleasoldgoingup</code>".</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>All extensions must be defined so that the use of extensions neither contradicts nor causes the
+ non-conformance of functionality defined in the specification.</p> <!-- thanks to QA Framework -->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, while strongly discouraged from doing so, an implementation "Foo Browser" could
+ add a new IDL attribute "<code title="">fooTypeTime</code>" to a control's DOM interface that
+ returned the time it took the user to select the current value of a control (say). On the other
+ hand, defining a new control that appears in a form's <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>elements</a></code> array would be in violation of the above requirement,
+ as it would violate the definition of <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>elements</a></code> given in
+ this specification.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>When adding new <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflecting</a> IDL attributes corresponding to content
+ attributes of the form "<code title="">x-<var title="">vendor</var>-<var title="">feature</var></code>", the IDL attribute should be named "<code title=""><var title="">vendor</var><var title="">Feature</var></code>" (i.e. the "<code title="">x</code>" is
+ dropped from the IDL attribute's name).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>When vendor-neutral extensions to this specification are needed, either this specification can
+ be updated accordingly, or an extension specification can be written that overrides the
+ requirements in this specification. When someone applying this specification to their activities
+ decides that they will recognise the requirements of such an extension specification, it becomes
+ an <dfn id=other-applicable-specifications title="other applicable specifications">applicable specification</dfn> for the purposes of
+ conformance requirements in this specification.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Someone could write a specification that defines any arbitrary byte stream as
+ conforming, and then claim that their random junk is conforming. However, that does not mean that
+ their random junk actually is conforming for everyone's purposes: if someone else decides that
+ that specification does not apply to their work, then they can quite legitimately say that the
+ aforementioned random junk is just that, junk, and not conforming at all. As far as conformance
+ goes, what matters in a particular community is what that community <em>agrees</em> is
+ applicable.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>User agents must treat elements and attributes that they do not understand as semantically
+ neutral; leaving them in the DOM (for DOM processors), and styling them according to CSS (for CSS
+ processors), but not inferring any meaning from them.</p>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <p>When support for a feature is disabled (e.g. as an emergency measure to mitigate a security
+ problem, or to aid in development, or for performance reasons), user agents must act as if they
+ had no support for the feature whatsoever, and as if the feature was not mentioned in this
+ specification. For example, if a particular feature is accessed via an attribute in a Web IDL
+ interface, the attribute itself would be omitted from the objects that implement that interface
+ &mdash; leaving the attribute on the object but making it return null or throw an exception is
+ insufficient.</p>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=interactions-with-xpath-and-xslt><span class=secno>2.2.4 </span>Interactions with XPath and XSLT</h4>
+
+ <p id=xpath-1.0-processors>Implementations of XPath 1.0 that operate on <a href=#html-documents>HTML
+ documents</a> parsed or created in the manners described in this specification (e.g. as part of
+ the <code title="">document.evaluate()</code> API) must act as if the following edit was applied
+ to the XPath 1.0 specification.</p>
+
+ <p>First, remove this paragraph:</p>
+
+ <blockquote cite=http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116#node-tests>
+
+ <p>A <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names#NT-QName>QName</a> in the node test is expanded
+ into an <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116#dt-expanded-name>expanded-name</a>
+ using the namespace declarations from the expression context. This is the same way expansion is
+ done for element type names in start and end-tags except that the default namespace declared with
+ <code title="">xmlns</code> is not used: if the <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names#NT-QName>QName</a> does not have a prefix, then the
+ namespace URI is null (this is the same way attribute names are expanded). It is an error if the
+ <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names#NT-QName>QName</a> has a prefix for which there is
+ no namespace declaration in the expression context.</p>
+
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p>Then, insert in its place the following:</p>
+
+ <blockquote cite="http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=7059#c37">
+
+ <p>A QName in the node test is expanded into an expanded-name using the namespace declarations
+ from the expression context. If the QName has a prefix, then there must be a<!-- added 2009-10-27
+ - http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=8062 --> namespace declaration for this prefix in
+ the expression context, and the corresponding<!-- typo fixed 2009-10-27 -
+ http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=8063 --> namespace URI is the one that is
+ associated with this prefix. It is an error if the QName has a prefix for which there is no
+ namespace declaration in the expression context. </p>
+
+ <p>If the QName has no prefix and the principal node type of the axis is element, then the
+ default element namespace is used. Otherwise if the QName has no prefix, the namespace URI is
+ null. The default element namespace is a member of the context for the XPath expression. The
+ value of the default element namespace when executing an XPath expression through the DOM3 XPath
+ API is determined in the following way:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>If the context node is from an HTML DOM, the default element namespace is
+ "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml".</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, the default element namespace URI is null.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This is equivalent to adding the default element namespace feature of XPath 2.0
+ to XPath 1.0, and using the HTML namespace as the default element namespace for HTML documents.
+ It is motivated by the desire to have implementations be compatible with legacy HTML content
+ while still supporting the changes that this specification introduces to HTML regarding the
+ namespace used for HTML elements, and by the desire to use XPath 1.0 rather than XPath 2.0.</p>
+
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <p class=note>This change is a <a href=#willful-violation>willful violation</a> of the XPath 1.0 specification,
+ motivated by desire to have implementations be compatible with legacy content while still
+ supporting the changes that this specification introduces to HTML regarding which namespace is
+ used for HTML elements. <a href=#refsXPATH10>[XPATH10]</a></p> <!-- note: version matters for
+ this ref -->
+
+ <hr><p id=dom-based-xslt-1.0-processors>XSLT 1.0 processors outputting to a DOM when the output
+ method is "html" (either explicitly or via the defaulting rule in XSLT 1.0) are affected as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <p>If the transformation program outputs an element in no namespace, the processor must, prior to
+ constructing the corresponding DOM element node, change the namespace of the element to the
+ <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase title="converted to ASCII lowercase">ASCII-lowercase</a> the
+ element's local name, and <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase title="converted to ASCII lowercase">ASCII-lowercase</a> the
+ names of any non-namespaced attributes on the element.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This requirement is a <a href=#willful-violation>willful violation</a> of the XSLT 1.0
+ specification, required because this specification changes the namespaces and case-sensitivity
+ rules of HTML in a manner that would otherwise be incompatible with DOM-based XSLT
+ transformations. (Processors that serialise the output are unaffected.) <a href=#refsXSLT10>[XSLT10]</a></p> <!-- note: version matters for this ref -->
+
+ <hr><p>This specification does not specify precisely how XSLT processing interacts with the <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a> infrastructure (for example, whether an XSLT processor acts as if it puts any
+ elements into a <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>). However, XSLT processors must <a href=#stop-parsing>stop
+ parsing</a> if they successfully complete, and must set the <a href=#current-document-readiness>current document
+ readiness</a> first to "<code title="">interactive</code>"<!-- this synchronously fires an
+ event --> and then to "<code title="">complete</code>"<!-- this also synchronously fires an event
+ --> if they are aborted.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>This specification does not specify how XSLT interacts with the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> algorithm, how it fits in with the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>, nor
+ how error pages are to be handled (e.g. whether XSLT errors are to replace an incremental XSLT
+ output, or are rendered inline, etc).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>There are also additional non-normative comments regarding the interaction of XSLT
+ and HTML <a href=#scriptTagXSLT>in the <code>script</code> element section</a>, and of
+ XSLT, XPath, and HTML <a href=#template-XSLT-XPath>in the <code>template</code> element
+ section</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=case-sensitivity-and-string-comparison><span class=secno>2.3 </span>Case-sensitivity and string comparison</h3>
+
+ <p>Comparing two strings in a <dfn id=case-sensitive>case-sensitive</dfn> manner means comparing them exactly, code
+ point for code point.</p>
+
+ <p>Comparing two strings in an <dfn id=ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</dfn> manner means comparing them
+ exactly, code point for code point, except that the characters in the range U+0041 to U+005A (i.e.
+ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A to LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z) and the corresponding characters in the range
+ U+0061 to U+007A (i.e. LATIN SMALL LETTER A to LATIN SMALL LETTER Z) are considered to also
+ match.</p>
+
+ <p>Comparing two strings in a <dfn id=compatibility-caseless>compatibility caseless</dfn> manner means using the Unicode
+ <i>compatibility caseless match</i> operation to compare the two strings, with no language-specific tailoirings. <a href=#refsUNICODE>[UNICODE]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Except where otherwise stated, string comparisons must be performed in a
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> manner.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><dfn id=converted-to-ascii-uppercase title="converted to ASCII uppercase">Converting a string to ASCII uppercase</dfn> means
+ replacing all characters in the range U+0061 to U+007A (i.e. LATIN SMALL LETTER A to LATIN SMALL
+ LETTER Z) with the corresponding characters in the range U+0041 to U+005A (i.e. LATIN CAPITAL
+ LETTER A to LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z).</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=converted-to-ascii-lowercase title="converted to ASCII lowercase">Converting a string to ASCII lowercase</dfn> means
+ replacing all characters in the range U+0041 to U+005A (i.e. LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A to LATIN
+ CAPITAL LETTER Z) with the corresponding characters in the range U+0061 to U+007A (i.e. LATIN
+ SMALL LETTER A to LATIN SMALL LETTER Z).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <p>A string <var title="">pattern</var> is a <dfn id=prefix-match>prefix match</dfn> for a string <var title="">s</var> when <var title="">pattern</var> is not longer than <var title="">s</var> and
+ truncating <var title="">s</var> to <var title="">pattern</var>'s length leaves the two strings as
+ matches of each other.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=common-microsyntaxes><span class=secno>2.4 </span>Common microsyntaxes</h3>
+
+ <p>There are various places in HTML that accept particular data types, such as dates or numbers.
+ This section describes what the conformance criteria for content in those formats is, and how to
+ parse them.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>Implementors are strongly urged to carefully examine any third-party libraries
+ they might consider using to implement the parsing of syntaxes described below. For example, date
+ libraries are likely to implement error handling behavior that differs from what is required in
+ this specification, since error-handling behavior is often not defined in specifications that
+ describe date syntaxes similar to those used in this specification, and thus implementations tend
+ to vary greatly in how they handle errors.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=common-parser-idioms><span class=secno>2.4.1 </span>Common parser idioms</h4>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=space-character title="space character">space characters</dfn>, for the purposes of this
+ specification, are U+0020 SPACE, U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab), U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C
+ FORM FEED (FF), and U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=white_space title=White_Space>White_Space characters</dfn> are those that have the Unicode
+ property "White_Space" in the Unicode <code title="">PropList.txt</code> data file. <a href=#refsUNICODE>[UNICODE]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>This should not be confused with the "White_Space" value (abbreviated "WS") of the
+ "Bidi_Class" property in the <code title="">Unicode.txt</code> data file.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=control-characters>control characters</dfn> are those whose Unicode "General_Category" property has the
+ value "Cc" in the Unicode <code title="">UnicodeData.txt</code> data file. <a href=#refsUNICODE>[UNICODE]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=uppercase-ascii-letters>uppercase ASCII letters</dfn> are the characters in the range U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL
+ LETTER A to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=lowercase-ascii-letters>lowercase ASCII letters</dfn> are the characters in the range U+0061 LATIN SMALL
+ LETTER A to U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=ascii-digits>ASCII digits</dfn> are the characters in the range U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) to U+0039
+ DIGIT NINE (9).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=alphanumeric-ascii-characters>alphanumeric ASCII characters</dfn> are those that are either <a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters>uppercase ASCII
+ letters</a>, <a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters>lowercase ASCII letters</a>, or <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=ascii-hex-digits>ASCII hex digits</dfn> are the characters in the ranges U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) to
+ U+0039 DIGIT NINE (9), U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A to U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F, and U+0061
+ LATIN SMALL LETTER A to U+0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=uppercase-ascii-hex-digits>uppercase ASCII hex digits</dfn> are the characters in the ranges U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) to
+ U+0039 DIGIT NINE (9) and U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A to U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F only.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=lowercase-ascii-hex-digits>lowercase ASCII hex digits</dfn> are the characters in the ranges U+0030 DIGIT ZERO
+ (0) to U+0039 DIGIT NINE (9) and U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A to U+0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F
+ only.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Some of the micro-parsers described below follow the pattern of having an <var title="">input</var> variable that holds the string being parsed, and having a <var title="">position</var> variable pointing at the next character to parse in <var title="">input</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>For parsers based on this pattern, a step that requires the user agent to <dfn id=collect-a-sequence-of-characters>collect a
+ sequence of characters</dfn> means that the following algorithm must be run, with <var title="">characters</var> being the set of characters that can be collected:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> and <var title="">position</var> be the same variables as
+ those of the same name in the algorithm that invoked these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>While <var title="">position</var> doesn't point past the end of <var title="">input</var>
+ and the character at <var title="">position</var> is one of the <var title="">characters</var>,
+ append that character to the end of <var title="">result</var> and advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character in <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The step <dfn id=skip-whitespace>skip whitespace</dfn> means that the user agent must <a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>collect a sequence of
+ characters</a> that are <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>. The step
+ <dfn id=skip-white_space-characters>skip White_Space characters</dfn> means that the user agent must <a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>collect a sequence of
+ characters</a> that are <a href=#white_space>White_Space</a> characters. In both cases, the collected
+ characters are not used. <a href=#refsUNICODE>[UNICODE]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=strip-line-breaks>strip line breaks</dfn> from a string, the user agent must remove
+ any U+000A LINE FEED (LF) and U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters from that string.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace>strip leading and trailing whitespace</dfn> from a string, the
+ user agent must remove all <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a> that are at the
+ start or end of the string.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=strip-and-collapse-whitespace>strip and collapse whitespace</dfn> in a string, it must replace
+ any sequence of one or more consecutive <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a> in
+ that string with a single U+0020 SPACE character, and then <a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace>strip leading and trailing
+ whitespace</a> from that string.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent has to <dfn id=strictly-split-a-string>strictly split a string</dfn> on a particular delimiter character
+ <var title="">delimiter</var>, it must use the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">tokens</var> be an ordered list of tokens, initially empty.</li>
+
+ <li><p>While <var title="">position</var> is not past the end of <var title="">input</var>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are not the <var title="">delimiter</var> character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the string collected in the previous step to <var title="">tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character in <var title="">input</var>.</li> <!-- skips past the delimiter -->
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>For the special cases of splitting a string <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on
+ spaces">on spaces</a> and <a href=#split-a-string-on-commas title="split a string on commas">on commas</a>, this
+ algorithm does not apply (those algorithms also perform <a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace title="strip leading and trailing
+ whitespace">whitespace trimming</a>).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=boolean-attributes><span class=secno>2.4.2 </span>Boolean attributes</h4>
+
+ <p>A number of attributes are <dfn id=boolean-attribute title="boolean attribute">boolean attributes</dfn>. The
+ presence of a boolean attribute on an element represents the true value, and the absence of the
+ attribute represents the false value.</p>
+
+ <p>If the attribute is present, its value must either be the empty string or a value that is an
+ <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the attribute's canonical name, with no leading or
+ trailing whitespace.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The values "true" and "false" are not allowed on boolean attributes. To represent
+ a false value, the attribute has to be omitted altogether.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of a checkbox that is checked and disabled. The <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code> and <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code>
+ attributes are the boolean attributes.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox checked name=cheese disabled&gt; Cheese&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This could be equivalently written as this:
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox checked=checked name=cheese disabled=disabled&gt; Cheese&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>You can also mix styles; the following is still equivalent:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type='checkbox' checked name=cheese disabled=""&gt; Cheese&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=keywords-and-enumerated-attributes><span class=secno>2.4.3 </span>Keywords and enumerated attributes</h4>
+
+ <p>Some attributes are defined as taking one of a finite set of keywords. Such attributes are
+ called <dfn id=enumerated-attribute title="enumerated attribute">enumerated attributes</dfn>. The keywords are each
+ defined to map to a particular <em>state</em> (several keywords might map to the same state, in
+ which case some of the keywords are synonyms of each other; additionally, some of the keywords can
+ be said to be non-conforming, and are only in the specification for historical reasons). In
+ addition, two default states can be given. The first is the <i>invalid value default</i>, the
+ second is the <i>missing value default</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If an enumerated attribute is specified, the attribute's value must be an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for one of the given keywords that are not said to be
+ non-conforming, with no leading or trailing whitespace.</p>
+
+ <p>When the attribute is specified, if its value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match
+ for one of the given keywords then that keyword's state is the state that the attribute
+ represents. If the attribute value matches none of the given keywords, but the attribute has an
+ <i>invalid value default</i>, then the attribute represents that state. Otherwise, if the
+ attribute value matches none of the keywords but there is a <i>missing value default</i> state
+ defined, then <em>that</em> is the state represented by the attribute. Otherwise, there is no
+ default, and invalid values mean that there is no state represented.</p>
+
+ <p>When the attribute is <em>not</em> specified, if there is a <i>missing value default</i> state
+ defined, then that is the state represented by the (missing) attribute. Otherwise, the absence of
+ the attribute means that there is no state represented.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The empty string can be a valid keyword.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=numbers><span class=secno>2.4.4 </span>Numbers</h4>
+
+ <h5 id=signed-integers><span class=secno>2.4.4.1 </span>Signed integers</h5>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-integer>valid integer</dfn> if it consists of one or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>,
+ optionally prefixed with a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-).</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#valid-integer>valid integer</a> without a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-) prefix represents the number
+ that is represented in base ten by that string of digits. A <a href=#valid-integer>valid integer</a>
+ <em>with</em> a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-) prefix represents the number represented in base ten by
+ the string of digits that follows the U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, subtracted from zero.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=rules-for-parsing-integers>rules for parsing integers</dfn> are as given in the following algorithm. When
+ invoked, the steps must be followed in the order given, aborting at the first step that returns a
+ value. This algorithm will return either an integer or an error.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">sign</var> have the value "positive".</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, return an
+ error.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> (the first character) is a U+002D
+ HYPHEN-MINUS character (-):</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Let <var title="">sign</var> be "negative".</li>
+
+ <li>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, return an
+ error.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, if the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> (the first character)
+ is a U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+):</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character. (The "<code title="">+</code>"
+ is ignored, but it is not conforming.)</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, return an
+ error.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is not an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII
+ digits">ASCII digit</a>, then return an error.</li>
+
+ <!-- Ok. At this point we know we have a number. It might have
+ trailing garbage which we'll ignore, but it's a number, and we
+ won't return an error. -->
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, and
+ interpret the resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Let <var title="">value</var> be that
+ integer.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">sign</var> is "positive", return <var title="">value</var>, otherwise return the result of subtracting
+ <var title="">value</var> from zero.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=non-negative-integers><span class=secno>2.4.4.2 </span>Non-negative integers</h5>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</dfn> if it consists of one or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII
+ digits</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> represents the number that is represented in base ten
+ by that string of digits.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</dfn> are as given in the following algorithm.
+ When invoked, the steps must be followed in the order given, aborting at the first step that
+ returns a value. This algorithm will return either zero, a positive integer, or an error.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the result of parsing <var title="">input</var> using the
+ <a href=#rules-for-parsing-integers>rules for parsing integers</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">value</var> is an error, return an error.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">value</var> is less than zero, return an error.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><!-- Implications: A leading + is ignored. A leading - is ignored if the value is zero. --></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=floating-point-numbers><span class=secno>2.4.4.3 </span>Floating-point numbers</h5>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</dfn> if it consists of:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li>Optionally, a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-).</li>
+
+ <li>One or both of the following, in the given order:
+
+ <ol><li>A series of one or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <ol><li>A single U+002E FULL STOP character (.).</li>
+
+ <li>A series of one or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>Optionally:
+
+ <ol><li>Either a U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E character (e) or a U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E
+ character (E).</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally, a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) or U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+).</li>
+
+ <li>A series of one or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p>A <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a> represents the number obtained by multiplying the
+ significand by ten raised to the power of the exponent, where the significand is the first number,
+ interpreted as base ten (including the decimal point and the number after the decimal point, if
+ any, and interpreting the significand as a negative number if the whole string starts with a
+ U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) and the number is not zero), and where the exponent is the
+ number after the E, if any (interpreted as a negative number if there is a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS
+ character (-) between the E and the number and the number is not zero, or else ignoring a U+002B
+ PLUS SIGN character (+) between the E and the number if there is one). If there is no E, then the
+ exponent is treated as zero.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The Infinity and Not-a-Number (NaN) values are not <a href=#valid-floating-point-number title="valid
+ floating-point number">valid floating-point numbers</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number title="best representation of the number as a floating-point number">best
+ representation of the number <var title="">n</var> as a floating-point number</dfn> is the string
+ obtained from applying the JavaScript operator ToString to <var title="">n</var>. The JavaScript
+ operator ToString is not uniquely determined. When there are multiple possible strings that could
+ be obtained from the JavaScript operator ToString for a particular value, the user agent must
+ always return the same string for that value (though it may differ from the value used by other
+ user agents).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing floating-point number values</dfn> are as given in the following
+ algorithm. This algorithm must be aborted at the first step that returns something. This algorithm
+ will return either a number or an error.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> have the value 1.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">divisor</var> have the value 1.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">exponent</var> have the value 1.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, return an
+ error.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character
+ (-):</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Change <var title="">value</var> and <var title="">divisor</var> to &minus;1.</li>
+
+ <li>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, return an
+ error.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, if the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> (the first character)
+ is a U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+):</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character. (The "<code title="">+</code>"
+ is ignored, but it is not conforming.)</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, return an
+ error.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP (.), and
+ that is not the last character in <var title="">input</var>, and the character after the
+ character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII
+ digit</a>, then set <var title="">value</var> to zero and jump to the step labeled
+ <i>fraction</i>.</p> <!-- we have to check there's a number so that ".e1" fails to parse but ".0"
+ does not -->
+
+ <li><p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is not an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII
+ digits">ASCII digit</a>, then return an error.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, and
+ interpret the resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Multiply <var title="">value</var> by
+ that integer.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, jump to the
+ step labeled <i>conversion</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Fraction</i>: If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is a U+002E
+ FULL STOP (.), run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, or if the
+ character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is not an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII
+ digit</a>, U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E (e), or U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E (E), then jump
+ to the step labeled <i>conversion</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is a U+0065 LATIN SMALL
+ LETTER E character (e) or a U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E character (E), skip the remainder of
+ these substeps.</p>
+
+ <li><p><i>Fraction loop</i>: Multiply <var title="">divisor</var> by ten.</li>
+
+ <li>Add the value of the character indicated by <var title="">position</var>, interpreted as a
+ base-ten digit (0..9) and divided by <var title="">divisor</var>, to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, then jump
+ to the step labeled <i>conversion</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII
+ digits">ASCII digit</a>, jump back to the step labeled <i>fraction loop</i> in these
+ substeps.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is a U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER
+ E character (e) or a U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E character (E), run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, then jump
+ to the step labeled <i>conversion</i>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS
+ character (-):</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Change <var title="">exponent</var> to &minus;1.</li>
+
+ <li>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, then
+ jump to the step labeled <i>conversion</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, if the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is a U+002B PLUS SIGN
+ character (+):</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, then
+ jump to the step labeled <i>conversion</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is not an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII
+ digits">ASCII digit</a>, then jump to the step labeled <i>conversion</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, and
+ interpret the resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Multiply <var title="">exponent</var>
+ by that integer.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Multiply <var title="">value</var> by ten raised to the <var title="">exponent</var>th
+ power.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Conversion</i>: Let <var title="">S</var> be the set of finite IEEE 754
+ double-precision floating-point values except &minus;0, but with two special values added: 2<sup title="">1024</sup> and &minus;2<sup title="">1024</sup>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">rounded-value</var> be the number in <var title="">S</var> that is
+ closest to <var title="">value</var>, selecting the number with an even significand if there are
+ two equally close values. (The two special values 2<sup title="">1024</sup> and &minus;2<sup title="">1024</sup> are considered to have even significands for this purpose.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">rounded-value</var> is 2<sup title="">1024</sup> or &minus;2<sup title="">1024</sup>, return an error.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">rounded-value</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+<div class=impl>
+ <h5 id=percentages-and-dimensions><span class=secno>2.4.4.4 </span>Percentages and lengths</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=rules-for-parsing-dimension-values>rules for parsing dimension values</dfn> are as given in the following algorithm. When
+ invoked, the steps must be followed in the order given, aborting at the first step that returns a
+ value. This algorithm will return either a number greater than or equal to 1.0, or an error; if a
+ number is returned, then it is further categorised as either a percentage or a length.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, return an
+ error.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is a U+002B PLUS SIGN character
+ (+), advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) characters,
+ and discard them.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, return an
+ error.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is not one of U+0031 DIGIT ONE
+ (1) to U+0039 DIGIT NINE (9), then return an error.</li>
+
+ <!-- Ok. At this point we know we have a number. It might have trailing garbage which we'll
+ ignore, but it's a number, and we won't return an error. -->
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, and
+ interpret the resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Let <var title="">value</var> be that
+ number.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, return <var title="">value</var> as a length.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character
+ (.):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, or if the
+ character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is not an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII
+ digit</a>, then return <var title="">value</var> as a length.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">divisor</var> have the value 1.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Fraction loop</i>: Multiply <var title="">divisor</var> by ten.</li>
+
+ <li>Add the value of the character indicated by <var title="">position</var>, interpreted as a
+ base-ten digit (0..9) and divided by <var title="">divisor</var>, to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, then
+ return <var title="">value</var> as a length.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII
+ digits">ASCII digit</a>, return to the step labeled <i>fraction loop</i> in these
+ substeps.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, return <var title="">value</var> as a length.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character indicated by <var title="">position</var> is a U+0025 PERCENT SIGN
+ character (%), return <var title="">value</var> as a percentage.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">value</var> as a length.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=lists-of-integers><span class=secno>2.4.4.5 </span>Lists of integers</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=valid-list-of-integers>valid list of integers</dfn> is a number of <a href=#valid-integer title="valid integer">valid
+ integers</a> separated by U+002C COMMA characters, with no other characters (e.g. no <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>). In addition, there might be restrictions on the
+ number of integers that can be given, or on the range of values allowed.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=rules-for-parsing-a-list-of-integers>rules for parsing a list of integers</dfn> are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">numbers</var> be an initially empty list of integers. This list will be
+ the result of this algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a character in the string <var title="">input</var> at position <var title="">position</var>, and it is either a U+0020 SPACE, U+002C COMMA, or U+003B SEMICOLON
+ character, then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character in <var title="">input</var>, or to beyond the end of the string if there are no more
+ characters.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> points to beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>,
+ return <var title="">numbers</var> and abort.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character in the string <var title="">input</var> at position <var title="">position</var> is a U+0020 SPACE, U+002C COMMA, or U+003B SEMICOLON character, then
+ return to step 4.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">negated</var> be false.</li> <li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be
+ 0.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">started</var> be false. This variable is set to true when the parser
+ sees a number or a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">got number</var> be false. This variable is set to true when the parser
+ sees a number.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">finished</var> be false. This variable is set to true to switch parser
+ into a mode where it ignores characters until the next separator.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">bogus</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Parser</i>: If the character in the string <var title="">input</var> at position <var title="">position</var> is:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Follow these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>If <var title="">got number</var> is true, let <var title="">finished</var> be true.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">finished</var> is true, skip to the next step in the overall set of
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">started</var> is true, let <var title="">negated</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if <var title="">started</var> is false and if <var title="">bogus</var> is
+ false, let <var title="">negated</var> be true.</li>
+
+ <li>Let <var title="">started</var> be true.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>An <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII digit</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Follow these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>If <var title="">finished</var> is true, skip to the next step in the overall set of
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li>Multiply <var title="">value</var> by ten.</li>
+
+ <li>Add the value of the digit, interpreted in base ten, to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>Let <var title="">started</var> be true.</li>
+
+ <li>Let <var title="">got number</var> be true.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>A U+0020 SPACE character</dt>
+ <dt>A U+002C COMMA character</dt>
+ <dt>A U+003B SEMICOLON character</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Follow these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>If <var title="">got number</var> is false, return the <var title="">numbers</var> list
+ and abort. This happens if an entry in the list has no digits, as in "<code title="">1,2,x,4</code>".</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">negated</var> is true, then negate <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>Append <var title="">value</var> to the <var title="">numbers</var> list.</li>
+
+ <li>Jump to step 4 in the overall set of steps.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <!-- <dt>A U+002E FULL STOP character</dt> -->
+ <dt>A character in the range U+0001 to U+001F, <!-- space --> U+0021 to U+002B, <!-- comma --> U+002D to U+002F, <!-- digits --> U+003A, <!-- semicolon --> U+003C to U+0040, <!-- a-z --> U+005B to U+0060, <!-- A-Z --> U+007b to U+007F
+ (i.e. any other non-alphabetic ASCII character)</dt>
+
+ <!--
+ Test: http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/html/flow/image-maps/004-demo.html
+ IE6 on Wine treats the following characters like this also: U+1-U+1f, U+21-U+2b, U+2d-U+2f, U+3a,
+ U+3c-U+40, U+5b-U+60, U+7b-U+82, U+84-U+89, U+8b, U+8d, U+8f-U+99, U+9b, U+9d, U+a0-U+bf, U+d7,
+ U+f7, U+1f6-U+1f9, U+218-U+24f, U+2a9-U+385, U+387, U+38b, U+38d, U+3a2, U+3cf, U+3d7-U+3d9, U+3db,
+ U+3dd, U+3df, U+3e1, U+3f4-U+400, U+40d, U+450, U+45d, U+482-U+48f, U+4c5-U+4c6, U+4c9-U+4ca,
+ U+4cd-U+4cf, U+4ec-U+4ed, U+4f6-U+4f7, U+4fa-U+530, U+557-U+560, U+588-U+5cf, U+5eb-U+5ef,
+ U+5f3-U+620, U+63b-U+640, U+64b-U+670, U+6b8-U+6b9, U+6bf, U+6cf, U+6d4, U+6d6-U+904, U+93a-U+957,
+ U+962-U+984, U+98d-U+98e, U+991-U+992, U+9a9, U+9b1, U+9b3-U+9b5, U+9ba-U+9db, U+9de, U+9e2-U+9ef,
+ U+9f2-U+a04, U+a0b-U+a0e, U+a11-U+a12, U+a29, U+a31, U+a34, U+a37, U+a3a-U+a58, U+a5d, U+a5f-U+a84,
+ U+a8c, U+a8e, U+a92, U+aa9, U+ab1, U+ab4, U+aba-U+adf, U+ae1-U+b04, U+b0d-U+b0e, U+b11-U+b12,
+ U+b29, U+b31, U+b34-U+b35, U+b3a-U+b5b, U+b5e, U+b62-U+b84, U+b8b-U+b8d, U+b91, U+b96-U+b98, U+b9b,
+ U+b9d, U+ba0-U+ba2, U+ba5-U+ba7, U+bab-U+bad, U+bb6, U+bba-U+c04, U+c0d, U+c11, U+c29, U+c34,
+ U+c3a-U+c5f, U+c62-U+c84, U+c8d, U+c91, U+ca9, U+cb4, U+cba-U+cdd, U+cdf, U+ce2-U+d04, U+d0d,
+ U+d11, U+d29, U+d3a-U+d5f, U+d62-U+e00, U+e2f, U+e31, U+e34-U+e3f, U+e46-U+e80, U+e83, U+e85-U+e86,
+ U+e89, U+e8b-U+e8c, U+e8e-U+e93, U+e98, U+ea0, U+ea4, U+ea6, U+ea8-U+ea9, U+eac, U+eaf-U+edb,
+ U+ede-U+109f, U+10c6-U+10cf, U+10f7-U+10ff, U+115a-U+115e, U+11a3-U+11a7, U+11fa-U+1dff,
+ U+1e9b-U+1e9f, U+1efa-U+1eff, U+1f16-U+1f17, U+1f1e-U+1f1f, U+1f46-U+1f47, U+1f4e-U+1f4f, U+1f58,
+ U+1f5a, U+1f5c, U+1f5e, U+1f7e-U+1f7f, U+1fb5, U+1fbd-U+1fc1, U+1fc5, U+1fcd-U+1fcf, U+1fd4-U+1fd5,
+ U+1fdc-U+1fdf, U+1fed-U+1ff1, U+1ff5, U+1ffd-U+249b, U+24ea-U+3004, U+3006-U+3040, U+3095-U+309a,
+ U+309f-U+30a0, U+30fb, U+30ff-U+3104, U+312d-U+3130, U+318f-U+4dff, U+9fa6-U+abff, U+d7a4-U+d7ff,
+ U+e000-U+f8ff, U+fa2e-U+faff, U+fb07-U+fb12, U+fb18-U+fb1e, U+fb37, U+fb3d, U+fb3f, U+fb42, U+fb45,
+ U+fbb2-U+fbd2, U+fbe9, U+fce1, U+fd3e-U+fd4f, U+fd90-U+fd91, U+fdc8-U+fdef, U+fdfc-U+fe7f,
+ U+fefd-U+ff20, U+ff3b-U+ff40, U+ff5b-U+ff65, U+ffa0, U+ffbf-U+ffc1, U+ffc8-U+ffc9, U+ffd0-U+ffd1,
+ U+ffd8-U+ffd9, U+ffdd-U+ffff
+ IE7 on Win2003 treats the following characters like this also instead: U+1-U+1f, U+21-U+2b,
+ U+2d-U+2f, U+3a, U+3c-U+40, U+5b-U+60, U+7b-U+82, U+84-U+89, U+8b, U+8d, U+8f-U+99, U+9b, U+9d,
+ U+a0-U+a9, U+ab-U+b4, U+b6-U+b9, U+bb-U+bf, U+d7, U+f7, U+220-U+221, U+234-U+24f, U+2ae-U+2af,
+ U+2b9-U+2ba, U+2c2-U+2df, U+2e5-U+2ed, U+2ef-U+344, U+346-U+379, U+37b-U+385, U+387, U+38b, U+38d,
+ U+3a2, U+3cf, U+3d8-U+3d9, U+3f4-U+3ff, U+482-U+48b, U+4c5-U+4c6, U+4c9-U+4ca, U+4cd-U+4cf,
+ U+4f6-U+4f7, U+4fa-U+530, U+557-U+558, U+55a-U+560, U+588-U+5cf, U+5eb-U+5ef, U+5f3-U+620,
+ U+63b-U+640, U+656-U+66f, U+6d4, U+6dd-U+6e0, U+6e9-U+6ec, U+6ee-U+6f9, U+6fd-U+70f, U+72d-U+72f,
+ U+740-U+77f, U+7b1-U+900, U+904, U+93a-U+93c, U+94d - U+94f, U+951-U+957, U+964-U+980, U+984,
+ U+98d-U+98e, U+991-U+992, U+9a9, U+9b1, U+9b3-U+9b5, U+9ba-U+9bd, U+9c5-U+9c6, U+9c9-U+9ca,
+ U+9cd-U+9d6, U+9d8-U+9db, U+9de, U+9e4-U+9ef, U+9f2-U+a01, U+a03-U+a04, U+a0b-U+a0e, U+a11-U+a12,
+ U+a29, U+a31, U+a34, U+a37, U+a3a-U+a3d, U+a43-U+a46, U+a49-U+a4a, U+a4d-U+a58, U+a5d, U+a5f-U+a6f,
+ U+a75-U+a80, U+a84, U+a8c, U+a8e, U+a92, U+aa9, U+ab1, U+ab4, U+aba-U+abc, U+ac6, U+aca,
+ U+acd-U+acf, U+ad1-U+adf, U+ae1-U+b00, U+b04, U+b0d-U+b0e, U+b11-U+b12, U+b29, U+b31, U+b34-U+b35,
+ U+b3a-U+b3c, U+b44-U+b46, U+b49 - U+b4a, U+b4d-U+b55, U+b58-U+b5b, U+b5e, U+b62-U+b81, U+b84,
+ U+b8b-U+b8d, U+b91, U+b96-U+b98, U+b9b, U+b9d, U+ba0 - U+ba2, U+ba5-U+ba7, U+bab-U+bad, U+bb6,
+ U+bba-U+bbd, U+bc3-U+bc5, U+bc9, U+bcd-U+bd6, U+bd8-U+c00, U+c04, U+c0d, U+c11, U+c29, U+c34,
+ U+c3a-U+c3d, U+c45, U+c49, U+c4d-U+c54, U+c57-U+c5f, U+c62-U+c81, U+c84, U+c8d, U+c91, U+ca9,
+ U+cb4, U+cba-U+cbd, U+cc5, U+cc9, U+ccd-U+cd4, U+cd7-U+cdd, U+cdf, U+ce2-U+d01, U+d04, U+d0d,
+ U+d11, U+d29, U+d3a-U+d3d, U+d44-U+d45, U+d49, U+d4d-U+d56, U+d58-U+d5f, U+d62-U+d81, U+d84,
+ U+d97-U+d99, U+db2, U+dbc, U+dbe - U+dbf, U+dc7-U+dce, U+dd5, U+dd7, U+de0-U+df1, U+df4-U+e00,
+ U+e3b-U+e3f, U+e4f-U+e80, U+e83, U+e85-U+e86, U+e89, U+e8b-U+e8c, U+e8e-U+e93, U+e98, U+ea0, U+ea4,
+ U+ea6, U+ea8-U+ea9, U+eac, U+eba, U+ebe-U+ebf, U+ec5-U+ecc, U+ece-U+edb, U+ede-U+eff, U+f01-U+f3f,
+ U+f48, U+f6b-U+f70, U+f82-U+f87, U+f8c-U+f8f, U+f98, U+fbd-U+fff, U+1022, U+1028, U+102b,
+ U+1033-U+1035, U+1037, U+1039-U+104f, U+105a-U+109f, U+10c6-U+10cf, U+10f7-U+10ff, U+115a - U+115e,
+ U+11a3-U+11a7, U+11fa-U+11ff, U+1207, U+1247, U+1249, U+124e-U+124f, U+1257, U+1259, U+125e-U+125f,
+ U+1287, U+1289, U+128e-U+128f, U+12af, U+12b1, U+12b6-U+12b7, U+12bf, U+12c1, U+12c6-U+12c7,
+ U+12cf, U+12d7, U+12ef, U+130f, U+1311, U+1316-U+1317, U+131f, U+1347, U+135b-U+139f,
+ U+13f5-U+1400, U+166d-U+166e, U+1677-U+1680, U+169b - U+169f, U+16eb-U+177f, U+17c9-U+181f, U+1843,
+ U+1878-U+187f, U+18aa-U+1dff, U+1e9c-U+1e9f, U+1efa-U+1eff, U+1f16-U+1f17, U+1f1e-U+1f1f,
+ U+1f46-U+1f47, U+1f4e-U+1f4f, U+1f58, U+1f5a, U+1f5c, U+1f5e, U+1f7e-U+1f7f, U+1fb5, U+1fbd,
+ U+1fbf-U+1fc1, U+1fc5, U+1fcd-U+1fcf, U+1fd4-U+1fd5, U+1fdc-U+1fdf, U+1fed-U+1ff1, U+1ff5,
+ U+1ffd-U+207e, U+2080-U+2101, U+2103-U+2106, U+2108-U+2109, U+2114, U+2116-U+2118, U+211e-U+2123,
+ U+2125, U+2127, U+2129, U+212e, U+2132, U+213a-U+215f, U+2184-U+3005, U+3008-U+3020, U+302a-U+3037,
+ U+303b-U+3104, U+312d-U+3130, U+318f - U+319f, U+31b8-U+33ff, U+4db6-U+4dff, U+9fa6-U+9fff,
+ U+a48d-U+abff, U+d7a4-U+d7ff, U+e000-U+f8ff, U+fa2e-U+faff, U+fb07-U+fb12, U+fb18-U+fb1c, U+fb1e,
+ U+fb29, U+fb37, U+fb3d, U+fb3f, U+fb42, U+fb45, U+fbb2-U+fbd2, U+fd3e-U+fd4f, U+fd90-U+fd91,
+ U+fdc8-U+fdef, U+fdfc-U+fe6f, U+fe73, U+fe75, U+fefd-U+ff20, U+ff3b-U+ff40, U+ff5b-U+ff9f,
+ U+ffbf-U+ffc1, U+ffc8-U+ffc9, U+ffd0-U+ffd1, U+ffd8-U+ffd9, U+ffdd-U+ffff
+-->
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Follow these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>If <var title="">got number</var> is true, let <var title="">finished</var> be true.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">finished</var> is true, skip to the next step in the overall set of
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li>Let <var title="">negated</var> be false.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Any other character</dt>
+ <!-- alphabetic a-z A-Z, and non-ASCII -->
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Follow these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>If <var title="">finished</var> is true, skip to the next step in the overall set of
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li>Let <var title="">negated</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li>Let <var title="">bogus</var> be true.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">started</var> is true, then return the <var title="">numbers</var> list,
+ and abort. (The value in <var title="">value</var> is not appended to the list first; it is
+ dropped.)</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character in <var title="">input</var>,
+ or to beyond the end of the string if there are no more characters.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> points to a character (and not to beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>), jump to the big <i>Parser</i> step above.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">negated</var> is true, then negate <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">got number</var> is true, then append <var title="">value</var> to the
+ <var title="">numbers</var> list.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the <var title="">numbers</var> list and abort.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=lists-of-dimensions><span class=secno>2.4.4.6 </span>Lists of dimensions</h5>
+
+ <!-- no definition of a type since no conforming feature uses this syntax (it's only used in
+ cols="" and rows="" on <frameset> elements -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=rules-for-parsing-a-list-of-dimensions>rules for parsing a list of dimensions</dfn> are as follows. These rules return a list
+ of zero or more pairs consisting of a number and a unit, the unit being one of <i>percentage</i>,
+ <i>relative</i>, and <i>absolute</i>.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">raw input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the last character in <var title="">raw input</var> is a U+002C COMMA character (,),
+ then remove that character from <var title="">raw input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#split-a-string-on-commas title="split a string on commas">Split the string <var title="">raw input</var> on
+ commas</a>. Let <var title="">raw tokens</var> be the resulting list of tokens.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be an empty list of number/unit pairs.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each token in <var title="">raw tokens</var>, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the token.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>,
+ initially pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the number 0.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">unit</var> be <i>absolute</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, set <var title="">unit</var> to <i>relative</i> and jump to the last substep.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character at <var title="">position</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII
+ digits">ASCII digit</a>, <a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII
+ digits</a>, interpret the resulting sequence as an integer in base ten, and increment <var title="">value</var> by that integer.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the character at <var title="">position</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.), run
+ these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> consisting of <a href=#space-character title="space
+ character">space characters</a> and <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. Let <var title="">s</var>
+ be the resulting sequence.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove all <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a> in <var title="">s</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">s</var> is not the empty string, run these subsubsteps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">length</var> be the number of characters in <var title="">s</var> (after the spaces were removed).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">fraction</var> be the result of interpreting <var title="">s</var> as a base-ten integer, and then dividing that number by <span title="">10<sup title=""><var title="">length</var></sup></span>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">value</var> by <var title="">fraction</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the character at <var title="">position</var> is a U+0025 PERCENT SIGN character (%),
+ then set <var title="">unit</var> to <i>percentage</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the character at <var title="">position</var> is a U+002A ASTERISK character
+ (*), then set <var title="">unit</var> to <i>relative</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <!-- the remaining characters in /input/ are ignored -->
+
+ <li><p>Add an entry to <var title="">result</var> consisting of the number given by <var title="">value</var> and the unit given by <var title="">unit</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the list <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=dates-and-times><span class=secno>2.4.5 </span>Dates and times</h4>
+
+ <p>In the algorithms below, the <dfn id=number-of-days-in-month-month-of-year-year>number of days in month <var title="">month</var> of year
+ <var title="">year</var></dfn> is: <em>31</em> if <var title="">month</var> is 1, 3, 5, 7, 8,
+ 10, or 12; <em>30</em> if <var title="">month</var> is 4, 6, 9, or 11; <em>29</em> if <var title="">month</var> is 2 and <var title="">year</var> is a number divisible by 400, or if <var title="">year</var> is a number divisible by 4 but not by 100; and <em>28</em> otherwise. This
+ takes into account leap years in the Gregorian calendar. <a href=#refsGREGORIAN>[GREGORIAN]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a> are used in the date and time syntaxes defined in this section,
+ they express numbers in base ten.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>While the formats described here are intended to be subsets of the corresponding
+ ISO8601 formats, this specification defines parsing rules in much more detail than ISO8601.
+ Implementors are therefore encouraged to carefully examine any date parsing libraries before using
+ them to implement the parsing rules described below; ISO8601 libraries might not parse dates and
+ times in exactly the same manner. <a href=#refsISO8601>[ISO8601]</a></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Where this specification refers to the <dfn id=proleptic-gregorian-calendar>proleptic Gregorian calendar</dfn>, it means the
+ modern Gregorian calendar, extrapolated backwards to year 1. A date in the <a href=#proleptic-gregorian-calendar>proleptic
+ Gregorian calendar</a>, sometimes explicitly referred to as a <dfn id=proleptic-gregorian-date>proleptic-Gregorian
+ date</dfn>, is one that is described using that calendar even if that calendar was not in use at
+ the time (or place) in question. <a href=#refsGREGORIAN>[GREGORIAN]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The use of the Gregorian calendar as the wire format in this specification is an
+ arbitrary choice resulting from the cultural biases of those involved in the decision. See also
+ the section discussing <a href=#input-author-notes>date, time, and number formats</a> in forms
+ <span class=impl>(for authors), <a href=#input-impl-notes>implemention notes regarding
+ localization of form controls</a>,</span> and the <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=months><span class=secno>2.4.5.1 </span>Months</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-month title=concept-month>month</dfn> consists of a specific <a href=#proleptic-gregorian-date>proleptic-Gregorian
+ date</a> with no time-zone information and no date information beyond a year and a month. <a href=#refsGREGORIAN>[GREGORIAN]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-month-string>valid month string</dfn> representing a year <var title="">year</var> and
+ month <var title="">month</var> if it consists of the following components in the given order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Four or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing <var title="">year</var>, where <var title="">year</var>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;0</li>
+
+ <li>A U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-)</li>
+
+ <li>Two <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing the month <var title="">month</var>, in the range
+ 1&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">month</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;12</li>
+
+ </ol><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-month-string>parse a month string</dfn> are as follows. This will return either a year and
+ month, or nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means that it is
+ aborted at that point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#parse-a-month-component>Parse a month component</a> to obtain <var title="">year</var> and <var title="">month</var>. If this returns nothing, then fail.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is <em>not</em> beyond the
+ end of <var title="">input</var>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">year</var> and <var title="">month</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-month-component>parse a month component</dfn>, given an <var title="">input</var> string and
+ a <var title="">position</var>, are as follows. This will return either a year and a month, or
+ nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means that it is aborted at that
+ point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. If the
+ collected sequence is not at least four characters long, then fail. Otherwise, interpret the
+ resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Let that number be the <var title="">year</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">year</var> is not a number greater than zero, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var> or if the
+ character at <var title="">position</var> is not a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character, then fail.
+ Otherwise, move <var title="">position</var> forwards one character.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. If the
+ collected sequence is not exactly two characters long, then fail. Otherwise, interpret the
+ resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Let that number be the <var title="">month</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">month</var> is not a number in the range 1&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">month</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;12, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">year</var> and <var title="">month</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=dates><span class=secno>2.4.5.2 </span>Dates</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-date title=concept-date>date</dfn> consists of a specific <a href=#proleptic-gregorian-date>proleptic-Gregorian
+ date</a> with no time-zone information, consisting of a year, a month, and a day. <a href=#refsGREGORIAN>[GREGORIAN]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-date-string>valid date string</dfn> representing a year <var title="">year</var>, month
+ <var title="">month</var>, and day <var title="">day</var> if it consists of the following
+ components in the given order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>A <a href=#valid-month-string>valid month string</a>, representing <var title="">year</var> and <var title="">month</var></li>
+
+ <li>A U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-)</li>
+
+ <li>Two <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing <var title="">day</var>, in the range
+ 1&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">day</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">maxday</var> where <var title="">maxday</var> is the <a href=#number-of-days-in-month-month-of-year-year title="number of days in month month of year year">number of
+ days in the month <var title="">month</var> and year <var title="">year</var></a></li>
+
+ </ol><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-date-string>parse a date string</dfn> are as follows. This will return either a date, or
+ nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means that it is aborted at that
+ point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#parse-a-date-component>Parse a date component</a> to obtain <var title="">year</var>, <var title="">month</var>, and <var title="">day</var>. If this returns nothing, then fail.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is <em>not</em> beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">date</var> be the date with year <var title="">year</var>, month <var title="">month</var>, and day <var title="">day</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">date</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-date-component>parse a date component</dfn>, given an <var title="">input</var> string and a
+ <var title="">position</var>, are as follows. This will return either a year, a month, and a day,
+ or nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means that it is aborted at
+ that point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#parse-a-month-component>Parse a month component</a> to obtain <var title="">year</var> and <var title="">month</var>. If this returns nothing, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">maxday</var> be the <a href=#number-of-days-in-month-month-of-year-year>number of days in month <var title="">month</var> of year <var title="">year</var></a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var> or if the
+ character at <var title="">position</var> is not a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character, then fail.
+ Otherwise, move <var title="">position</var> forwards one character.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. If the
+ collected sequence is not exactly two characters long, then fail. Otherwise, interpret the
+ resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Let that number be the <var title="">day</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">day</var> is not a number in the range 1&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">day</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">maxday</var>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">year</var>, <var title="">month</var>, and <var title="">day</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=yearless-dates><span class=secno>2.4.5.3 </span>Yearless dates</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-yearless-date title=concept-yearless-date>yearless date</dfn> consists of a Gregorian month and a
+ day within that month, but with no associated year. <a href=#refsGREGORIAN>[GREGORIAN]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-yearless-date-string>valid yearless date string</dfn> representing a month <var title="">month</var> and a day <var title="">day</var> if it consists of the following components
+ in the given order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Optionally, two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters (-)</li>
+
+ <li>Two <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing the month <var title="">month</var>, in the range
+ 1&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">month</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;12</li>
+
+ <li>A U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-)</li>
+
+ <li>Two <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing <var title="">day</var>, in the range
+ 1&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">day</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">maxday</var> where <var title="">maxday</var> is the <a href=#number-of-days-in-month-month-of-year-year title="number of days in month month of year year">number of
+ days</a> in the month <var title="">month</var> and any arbitrary leap year (e.g. 4 or
+ 2000)</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>In other words, if the <var title="">month</var> is "<code title="">02</code>",
+ meaning February, then the day can be 29, as if the year was a leap year.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-yearless-date-string>parse a yearless date string</dfn> are as follows. This will return either a
+ month and a day, or nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means that
+ it is aborted at that point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#parse-a-yearless-date-component>Parse a yearless date component</a> to obtain <var title="">month</var> and <var title="">day</var>. If this returns nothing, then fail.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is <em>not</em> beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">month</var> and <var title="">day</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-yearless-date-component>parse a yearless date component</dfn>, given an <var title="">input</var>
+ string and a <var title="">position</var>, are as follows. This will return either a month and a
+ day, or nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means that it is aborted
+ at that point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters (-).
+ If the collected sequence is not exactly zero or two characters long, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. If the
+ collected sequence is not exactly two characters long, then fail. Otherwise, interpret the
+ resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Let that number be the <var title="">month</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">month</var> is not a number in the range 1&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">month</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;12, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">maxday</var> be the <a href=#number-of-days-in-month-month-of-year-year title="number of days in month month of year
+ year">number of days</a> in month <var title="">month</var> of any arbitrary leap year (e.g. 4
+ or 2000).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var> or if the
+ character at <var title="">position</var> is not a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character, then fail.
+ Otherwise, move <var title="">position</var> forwards one character.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. If the
+ collected sequence is not exactly two characters long, then fail. Otherwise, interpret the
+ resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Let that number be the <var title="">day</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">day</var> is not a number in the range 1&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">day</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">maxday</var>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">month</var> and <var title="">day</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=times><span class=secno>2.4.5.4 </span>Times</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-time title=concept-time>time</dfn> consists of a specific time with no time-zone
+ information, consisting of an hour, a minute, a second, and a fraction of a second.</p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-time-string>valid time string</dfn> representing an hour <var title="">hour</var>, a
+ minute <var title="">minute</var>, and a second <var title="">second</var> if it consists of the
+ following components in the given order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Two <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing <var title="">hour</var>, in the range
+ 0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">hour</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;23</li>
+
+ <li>A U+003A COLON character (:)</li>
+
+ <li>Two <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing <var title="">minute</var>, in the range
+ 0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">minute</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;59</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">second</var> is non-zero, or optionally if <var title="">second</var> is
+ zero:
+
+ <ol><li>A U+003A COLON character (:)</li>
+
+ <li>Two <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing the integer part of <var title="">second</var>,
+ in the range 0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">s</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;59</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">second</var> is not an integer, or optionally if <var title="">second</var> is an integer:
+
+ <ol><li>A 002E FULL STOP character (.)</li>
+
+ <li>One, two, or three <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing the fractional part of <var title="">second</var></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>The <var title="">second</var> component cannot be 60 or 61; leap seconds cannot
+ be represented.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-time-string>parse a time string</dfn> are as follows. This will return either a time, or
+ nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means that it is aborted at that
+ point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#parse-a-time-component>Parse a time component</a> to obtain <var title="">hour</var>, <var title="">minute</var>, and <var title="">second</var>. If this returns nothing, then fail.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is <em>not</em> beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">time</var> be the time with hour <var title="">hour</var>, minute <var title="">minute</var>, and second <var title="">second</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">time</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-time-component>parse a time component</dfn>, given an <var title="">input</var> string and a
+ <var title="">position</var>, are as follows. This will return either an hour, a minute, and a
+ second, or nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means that it is
+ aborted at that point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. If the
+ collected sequence is not exactly two characters long, then fail. Otherwise, interpret the
+ resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Let that number be the <var title="">hour</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">hour</var> is not a number in the range 0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">hour</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;23, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var> or if the
+ character at <var title="">position</var> is not a U+003A COLON character, then fail. Otherwise,
+ move <var title="">position</var> forwards one character.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. If the
+ collected sequence is not exactly two characters long, then fail. Otherwise, interpret the
+ resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Let that number be the <var title="">minute</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">minute</var> is not a number in the range 0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">minute</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;59, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">second</var> be a string with the value "0".</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">position</var> is not beyond the end of <var title="">input</var> and the
+ character at <var title="">position</var> is a U+003A COLON, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character in <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>, or at
+ the last character in <var title="">input</var>, or if the next <em>two</em> characters in <var title="">input</var> starting at <var title="">position</var> are not both <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII
+ digits</a>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are either <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>
+ or U+002E FULL STOP characters. If the collected sequence is three characters long, or if it is
+ longer than three characters long and the third character is not a U+002E FULL STOP character,
+ or if it has more than one U+002E FULL STOP character, then fail. Otherwise, let the collected
+ string be <var title="">second</var> instead of its previous value.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Interpret <var title="">second</var> as a base-ten number (possibly with a fractional
+ part). Let <var title="">second</var> be that number instead of the string version.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">second</var> is not a number in the range 0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">second</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;60, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">hour</var>, <var title="">minute</var>, and <var title="">second</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=local-dates-and-times><span class=secno>2.4.5.5 </span>Local dates and times</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>local date and time</dfn> consists of a specific
+ <a href=#proleptic-gregorian-date>proleptic-Gregorian date</a>, consisting of a year, a month, and a day, and a time,
+ consisting of an hour, a minute, a second, and a fraction of a second, but expressed without a
+ time zone. <a href=#refsGREGORIAN>[GREGORIAN]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-local-date-and-time-string>valid local date and time string</dfn> representing a date and time if it
+ consists of the following components in the given order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>A <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a> representing the date</li>
+
+ <li>A U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T character (T) or a U+0020 SPACE character</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a> representing the time</li>
+
+ </ol><p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-normalised-local-date-and-time-string>valid normalised local date and time string</dfn> representing a date and
+ time if it consists of the following components in the given order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>A <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a> representing the date</li>
+
+ <li>A U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T character (T)</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a> representing the time, expressed as the shortest possible
+ string for the given time (e.g. omitting the seconds component entirely if the given time is zero
+ seconds past the minute)</li>
+
+ </ol><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-local-date-and-time-string>parse a local date and time string</dfn> are as follows. This will return
+ either a date and time, or nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means
+ that it is aborted at that point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#parse-a-date-component>Parse a date component</a> to obtain <var title="">year</var>, <var title="">month</var>, and <var title="">day</var>. If this returns nothing, then fail.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var> or if the
+ character at <var title="">position</var> is neither a U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T character
+ (T) nor a U+0020 SPACE character, then fail. Otherwise, move <var title="">position</var>
+ forwards one character.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#parse-a-time-component>Parse a time component</a> to obtain <var title="">hour</var>, <var title="">minute</var>, and <var title="">second</var>. If this returns nothing, then fail.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is <em>not</em> beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">date</var> be the date with year <var title="">year</var>, month <var title="">month</var>, and day <var title="">day</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">time</var> be the time with hour <var title="">hour</var>, minute <var title="">minute</var>, and second <var title="">second</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">date</var> and <var title="">time</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=time-zones><span class=secno>2.4.5.6 </span>Time zones</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-timezone title=concept-timezone>time-zone offset</dfn> consists of a signed number of hours and
+ minutes.</p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-time-zone-offset-string>valid time-zone offset string</dfn> representing a time-zone offset if it
+ consists of either:</p>
+
+
+ <ul><li><p>A U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z character (Z), allowed only if the time zone is
+ UTC</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Or, the following components, in the given order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Either a U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+) or, if the time-zone offset is not zero, a U+002D
+ HYPHEN-MINUS character (-), representing the sign of the time-zone offset</li>
+ <!-- the -00:00 offset is disallowed because RFC3339 gives it a special semantic -->
+
+ <li>Two <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing the hours component <var title="">hour</var> of
+ the time-zone offset, in the range 0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">hour</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;23</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally, a U+003A COLON character (:)</li>
+
+ <li>Two <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing the minutes component <var title="">minute</var> of the time-zone offset, in the range 0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">minute</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;59</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>This format allows for time-zone offsets from -23:59 to +23:59. Right now, in
+ practice, the range of offsets of actual time zones is -12:00 to +14:00, and the minutes component
+ of offsets of actual time zones is always either 00, 30, or 45. There is no guarantee that this
+ will remain so forever, however, since time zones are used as political footballs and are thus
+ subject to very whimsical policy decisions.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>See also the usage notes and examples in the <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global
+ date and time</a> section below for details on using time-zone offsets with historical times
+ that predate the formation of formal time zones.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-time-zone-offset-string>parse a time-zone offset string</dfn> are as follows. This will return either
+ a time-zone offset, or nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means
+ that it is aborted at that point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#parse-a-time-zone-offset-component>Parse a time-zone offset component</a> to obtain <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var> and <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var>. If this
+ returns nothing, then fail.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is <em>not</em> beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the time-zone offset that is <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var>
+ hours and <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var> minutes from UTC.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-time-zone-offset-component>parse a time-zone offset component</dfn>, given an <var title="">input</var>
+ string and a <var title="">position</var>, are as follows. This will return either time-zone hours
+ and time-zone minutes, or nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means
+ that it is aborted at that point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the character at <var title="">position</var> is a U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z character
+ (Z), then:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var> be 0.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var> be 0.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character in <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, if the character at <var title="">position</var> is either a U+002B PLUS SIGN (+)
+ or a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-), then:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the character at <var title="">position</var> is a U+002B PLUS SIGN (+), let <var title="">sign</var> be "positive". Otherwise, it's a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-); let <var title="">sign</var> be "negative".</li>
+
+ <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character in <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. Let
+ <var title="">s</var> be the collected sequence.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">s</var> is exactly two characters long, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Interpret <var title="">s</var> as a base-ten integer. Let that number be the <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var> or if
+ the character at <var title="">position</var> is not a U+003A COLON character, then fail.
+ Otherwise, move <var title="">position</var> forwards one character.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. If
+ the collected sequence is not exactly two characters long, then fail. Otherwise, interpret
+ the resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Let that number be the <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>If <var title="">s</var> is exactly four characters long, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Interpret the first two characters of <var title="">s</var> as a base-ten integer. Let
+ that number be the <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Interpret the last two characters of <var title="">s</var> as a base-ten integer. Let
+ that number be the <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, fail.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var> is not a number in the range
+ 0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;23, then
+ fail.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">sign</var> is "negative", then negate <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var>.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var> is not a number in the range
+ 0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;59,
+ then fail.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">sign</var> is "negative", then negate <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, fail.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var> and <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=global-dates-and-times><span class=secno>2.4.5.7 </span>Global dates and times</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</dfn> consists of a specific
+ <a href=#proleptic-gregorian-date>proleptic-Gregorian date</a>, consisting of a year, a month, and a day, and a time,
+ consisting of an hour, a minute, a second, and a fraction of a second, expressed with a time-zone
+ offset, consisting of a signed number of hours and minutes. <a href=#refsGREGORIAN>[GREGORIAN]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</dfn> representing a date, time, and a
+ time-zone offset if it consists of the following components in the given order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>A <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a> representing the date</li>
+
+ <li>A U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T character (T) or a U+0020 SPACE character</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a> representing the time</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-time-zone-offset-string>valid time-zone offset string</a> representing the time-zone offset</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Times in dates before the formation of UTC in the mid twentieth century must be expressed and
+ interpreted in terms of UT1 (contemporary Earth solar time at the 0&deg; longitude), not UTC (the
+ approximation of UT1 that ticks in SI seconds). Time before the formation of time zones must be
+ expressed and interpeted as UT1 times with explicit time zones that approximate the contemporary
+ difference between the appropriate local time and the time observed at the location of Greenwich,
+ London.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following are some examples of dates written as <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string title="valid global date and time
+ string">valid global date and time strings</a>.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>"<code>0037-12-13 00:00Z</code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>Midnight in areas using London time on the birthday of Nero (the Roman Emperor). See below
+ for further discussion on which date this actually corresponds to.</dd>
+
+ <dt>"<code>1979-10-14T12:00:00.001-04:00</code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>One millisecond after noon on October 14th 1979, in the time zone in use on the east coast
+ of the USA during daylight saving time.</dd>
+
+ <dt>"<code>8592-01-01T02:09+02:09</code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>Midnight UTC on the 1st of January, 8592. The time zone associated with that time is two
+ hours and nine minutes ahead of UTC, which is not currently a real time zone, but is nonetheless
+ allowed.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Several things are notable about these dates:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>Years with fewer than four digits have to be zero-padded. The date "37-12-13" would not be a
+ valid date.</li>
+
+ <li>If the "<code title="">T</code>" is replaced by a space, it must be a single space
+ character. The string "<code title="">2001-12-21&nbsp;&nbsp;12:00Z</code>" (with two spaces
+ between the components) would not be parsed successfully.</li>
+
+ <li>To unambiguously identify a moment in time prior to the introduction of the Gregorian
+ calendar (insofar as moments in time before the formation of UTC can be unambiguously
+ identified), the date has to be first converted to the Gregorian calendar from the calendar in
+ use at the time (e.g. from the Julian calendar). The date of Nero's birth is the 15th of
+ December 37, in the Julian Calendar, which is the 13th of December 37 in the <a href=#proleptic-gregorian-calendar>proleptic
+ Gregorian calendar</a>.</li> <!-- This might not be true. I can't find a reference that gives
+ his birthday with an explicit statement about the calendar being used. However, it seems
+ unlikely that it would be given in the Gregorian calendar, so I assume sites use the Julian one.
+ -->
+
+ <li>The time and time-zone offset components are not optional.</li>
+
+ <li>Dates before the year one can't be represented as a datetime in this version of HTML.</li>
+
+ <li>Times of specific events in ancient times are, at best, approximations, since time was not
+ well coordinated or measured until relatively recent decades.</li>
+
+ <li>Time-zone offsets differ based on daylight savings time.</li>
+
+ </ul></div>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-normalised-forced-utc-global-date-and-time-string>valid normalised forced-UTC global date and time string</dfn> representing a
+ date, time, and a time-zone offset if it consists of the following components in the given
+ order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>A <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a> representing the date converted to the UTC time zone</li>
+
+ <li>A U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T character (T)</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a> representing the time converted to the UTC time zone and
+ expressed as the shortest possible string for the given time (e.g. omitting the seconds component
+ entirely if the given time is zero seconds past the minute)</li>
+
+ <li>A U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z character (Z)</li>
+
+ </ol><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-global-date-and-time-string>parse a global date and time string</dfn> are as follows. This will return
+ either a time in UTC, with associated time-zone offset information for round-tripping or display
+ purposes, or nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means that it is
+ aborted at that point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#parse-a-date-component>Parse a date component</a> to obtain <var title="">year</var>, <var title="">month</var>, and <var title="">day</var>. If this returns nothing, then fail.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var> or if the
+ character at <var title="">position</var> is neither a U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T character
+ (T) nor a U+0020 SPACE character, then fail. Otherwise, move <var title="">position</var>
+ forwards one character.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#parse-a-time-component>Parse a time component</a> to obtain <var title="">hour</var>, <var title="">minute</var>, and <var title="">second</var>. If this returns nothing, then fail.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>, then
+ fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#parse-a-time-zone-offset-component>Parse a time-zone offset component</a> to obtain <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var> and <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var>. If this
+ returns nothing, then fail.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is <em>not</em> beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">time</var> be the moment in time at year <var title="">year</var>, month
+ <var title="">month</var>, day <var title="">day</var>, hours <var title="">hour</var>, minute
+ <var title="">minute</var>, second <var title="">second</var>, subtracting <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var> hours and <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var> minutes. That moment in time is a moment in the UTC time
+ zone.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">timezone</var> be <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var>
+ hours and <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var> minutes from UTC.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">time</var> and <var title="">timezone</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=weeks><span class=secno>2.4.5.8 </span>Weeks</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-week title=concept-week>week</dfn> consists of a week-year number and a week number
+ representing a seven-day period starting on a Monday. Each week-year in this calendaring system
+ has either 52 or 53 such seven-day periods, as defined below. The seven-day period starting on the
+ Gregorian date Monday December 29th 1969 (1969-12-29) is defined as week number 1 in week-year
+ 1970. Consecutive weeks are numbered sequentially. The week before the number 1 week in a
+ week-year is the last week in the previous week-year, and vice versa. <a href=#refsGREGORIAN>[GREGORIAN]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A week-year with a number <var title="">year</var> has 53 weeks if it corresponds to either a
+ year <var title="">year</var> in the <a href=#proleptic-gregorian-calendar>proleptic Gregorian calendar</a> that has a Thursday
+ as its first day (January 1st), or a year <var title="">year</var> in the <a href=#proleptic-gregorian-calendar>proleptic
+ Gregorian calendar</a> that has a Wednesday as its first day (January 1st) and where <var title="">year</var> is a number divisible by 400, or a number divisible by 4 but not by 100. All
+ other week-years have 52 weeks.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=week-number-of-the-last-day>week number of the last day</dfn> of a week-year with 53 weeks is 53; the week number
+ of the last day of a week-year with 52 weeks is 52.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The week-year number of a particular day can be different than the number of the
+ year that contains that day in the <a href=#proleptic-gregorian-calendar>proleptic Gregorian calendar</a>. The first week in a
+ week-year <var title="">y</var> is the week that contains the first Thursday of the Gregorian year
+ <var title="">y</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For modern purposes, a <a href=#concept-week title=concept-week>week</a> as defined here is
+ equivalent to ISO weeks as defined in ISO 8601. <a href=#refsISO8601>[ISO8601]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-week-string>valid week string</dfn> representing a week-year <var title="">year</var>
+ and week <var title="">week</var> if it consists of the following components in the given
+ order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Four or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing <var title="">year</var>, where <var title="">year</var>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;0</li>
+
+ <li>A U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-)</li>
+
+ <li>A U+0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W character (W)</li>
+
+ <li>Two <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing the week <var title="">week</var>, in the range
+ 1&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">week</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">maxweek</var>, where <var title="">maxweek</var> is the <a href=#week-number-of-the-last-day>week number of the last day</a> of week-year <var title="">year</var></li>
+
+ </ol><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-week-string>parse a week string</dfn> are as follows. This will return either a week-year
+ number and week number, or nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it "fails", this means
+ that it is aborted at that point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. If the
+ collected sequence is not at least four characters long, then fail. Otherwise, interpret the
+ resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Let that number be the <var title="">year</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">year</var> is not a number greater than zero, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var> or if the
+ character at <var title="">position</var> is not a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character, then fail.
+ Otherwise, move <var title="">position</var> forwards one character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var> or if the
+ character at <var title="">position</var> is not a U+0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W character (W),
+ then fail. Otherwise, move <var title="">position</var> forwards one character.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. If the
+ collected sequence is not exactly two characters long, then fail. Otherwise, interpret the
+ resulting sequence as a base-ten integer. Let that number be the <var title="">week</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">maxweek</var> be the <a href=#week-number-of-the-last-day>week number of the last day</a> of year
+ <var title="">year</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">week</var> is not a number in the range 1&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">week</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">maxweek</var>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is <em>not</em> beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the week-year number <var title="">year</var> and the week number <var title="">week</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=durations><span class=secno>2.4.5.9 </span>Durations</h5>
+
+ <!-- if you add support for year and month durations, then search for MONTHS throughout the spec
+ (not just this section) for things that have to change -->
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-duration title=concept-duration>duration</dfn> consists of <!--MONTHS: either a number of
+ months or--> a number of seconds.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Since months and seconds are not comparable (a month is not a precise number of
+ seconds, but is instead a period whose exact length depends on the precise day from which it is
+ measured) a <a href=#concept-duration title=concept-duration>duration</a> as defined in this specification cannot
+ <!--MONTHS: consist of a mixture of both--> include months (or years, which are equivalent to
+ twelve months). Only durations that describe a specific number of seconds can be described.</p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-duration-string>valid duration string</dfn> representing a <a href=#concept-duration title=concept-duration>duration</a> <var title="">t</var> if it consists of either of the
+ following:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>
+
+ <!-- The ISO format -->
+
+ <!-- NOTE: ISO durations also have a number of formats we do not
+ consider conforming:
+
+ - a "week" format (e.g. P4W). This one is actually supported
+ by the parser.
+
+ - P<date>T<time>, with or without hyphens
+
+ - All these formats, with commas instead of periods for the
+ seconds decimal
+
+ -->
+
+ <p>A literal U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P character followed by one or more of the following
+ subcomponents, in the order given, where <!--the number of years, if any, multiplied by twelve,
+ plus the number of months, if any, equals the number of months in <var title="">t</var>, if the
+ duration is in months; or, if it is in seconds, -->the number of days, hours, minutes, and
+ seconds corresponds to the same number of seconds as in <var title="">t</var>:</p>
+
+ <ol><!--MONTHS:
+ <li><p>One or more <span>ASCII digits</span> followed by a U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y
+ character, representing a number of years.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>One or more <span>ASCII digits</span> followed by a U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M
+ character, representing a number of months.</p></li>
+--><li><p>One or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a> followed by a U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D
+ character, representing a number of days.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>A U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T character followed by one or more of the following
+ subcomponents, in the order given:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>One or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a> followed by a U+0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H
+ character, representing a number of hours.</li>
+
+ <li><p>One or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a> followed by a U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M
+ character, representing a number of minutes.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The following components:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>One or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing a number of seconds.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Optionally, a U+002E FULL STOP character (.) followed by one, two, or three
+ <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing a fraction of a second.</li>
+
+ <li><p>A U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S character.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This, as with a number of other date- and time-related microsyntaxes defined in
+ this specification, is based on one of the formats defined in ISO 8601. <a href=#refsISO8601>[ISO8601]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>One or more <a href=#duration-time-component title="duration time component">duration time components</a>, each with
+ a different <a href=#duration-time-component-scale>duration time component scale</a>, in any order; the sum of the represented
+ seconds being equal to the number of seconds in <var title="">t</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=duration-time-component>duration time component</dfn> is a string consisting of the following components:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>One or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing a number of time units, scaled by
+ the <a href=#duration-time-component-scale>duration time component scale</a> specified (see below) to represent a number of
+ seconds.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#duration-time-component-scale>duration time component scale</a> specified is 1 (i.e. the units are
+ seconds), then, optionally, a U+002E FULL STOP character (.) followed by one, two, or three
+ <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing a fraction of a second.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>One of the following characters, representing the <dfn id=duration-time-component-scale>duration time component scale</dfn>
+ of the time unit used in the numeric part of the <a href=#duration-time-component>duration time component</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>U+0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W character</dt>
+ <dt>U+0077 LATIN SMALL LETTER W character</dt>
+
+ <dd>Weeks. The scale is 604800.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D character</dt>
+ <dt>U+0064 LATIN SMALL LETTER D character</dt>
+
+ <dd>Days. The scale is 86400.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H character</dt>
+ <dt>U+0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER H character</dt>
+
+ <dd>Hours. The scale is 3600.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M character</dt>
+ <dt>U+006D LATIN SMALL LETTER M character</dt>
+
+ <dd>Minutes. The scale is 60.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S character</dt>
+ <dt>U+0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S character</dt>
+
+ <dd>Seconds. The scale is 1.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space
+ characters</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This is not based on any of the formats in ISO 8601. It is intended to be a more
+ human-readable alternative to the ISO 8601 duration format.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ul><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-duration-string>parse a duration string</dfn> are as follows. This will return either a <a href=#concept-duration title=concept-duration>duration</a> or nothing. If at any point the algorithm says that it
+ "fails", this means that it is aborted at that point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><!--MONTHS: this algorithm actually already parses months adequately, though it would need
+ tweaking if we introduced a "mo" unit for the non-ISO variant. See other "MONTHS" annotations
+ below. --><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">months</var>, <var title="">seconds</var>, and <var title="">component
+ count</var> all be zero.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">M-disambiguator</var> be <i>minutes</i>.</p>
+
+ <!--MONTHS: this note would change-->
+ <p class=note>This flag's other value is <i>months</i>. It is used to disambiguate the "M"
+ unit in ISO8601 durations, which use the same unit for months and minutes. Months are not
+ allowed, but are parsed for future compatibility and to avoid misinterpreting ISO8601 durations
+ that would be valid in other contexts.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, then
+ fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character in <var title="">input</var> pointed to by <var title="">position</var>
+ is a U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P character, then advance <var title="">position</var> to the
+ next character, set <var title="">M-disambiguator</var> to <i>months</i>, and <a href=#skip-whitespace>skip
+ whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the following substeps in a loop, until a step requiring the loop to be broken or the
+ entire algorithm to fail is reached:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">units</var> be undefined. It will be assigned one of the following
+ values: <i>years</i>, <i>months</i>, <i>weeks</i>, <i>days</i>, <i>hours</i>, <i>minutes</i>,
+ and <i>seconds</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">next character</var> be undefined. It is used to process characters
+ from the <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, then break
+ the loop.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character in <var title="">input</var> pointed to by <var title="">position</var>
+ is a U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T character, then advance <var title="">position</var> to the
+ next character, set <var title="">M-disambiguator</var> to <i>minutes</i>, <a href=#skip-whitespace>skip
+ whitespace</a>, and return to the top of the loop.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">next character</var> to the character in <var title="">input</var>
+ pointed to by <var title="">position</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">next character</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.), then let <var title="">N</var> equal zero. (Do not advance <var title="">position</var>. That is taken care
+ of below.)</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">next character</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII
+ digit</a>, then <a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII
+ digits</a>, interpret the resulting sequence as a base-ten integer, and let <var title="">N</var> be that number.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise <var title="">next character</var> is not part of a number; fail.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, then
+ fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">next character</var> to the character in <var title="">input</var>
+ pointed to by <var title="">position</var>, and this time advance <var title="">position</var>
+ to the next character. (If <var title="">next character</var> was a U+002E FULL STOP character
+ (.) before, it will still be that character this time.)</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">next character</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.), then run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>. Let
+ <var title="">s</var> be the resulting sequence.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">s</var> is the empty string, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">length</var> be the number of characters in <var title="">s</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">fraction</var> be the result of interpreting <var title="">s</var>
+ as a base-ten integer, and then dividing that number by <span title="">10<sup title=""><var title="">length</var></sup></span>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">N</var> by <var title="">fraction</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, then
+ fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">next character</var> to the character in <var title="">input</var>
+ pointed to by <var title="">position</var>, and advance <var title="">position</var> to the
+ next character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">next character</var> is neither a U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S
+ character nor a U+0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S character, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">units</var> to <i>seconds</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">next character</var> is a <a href=#space-character>space character</a>, then
+ <a href=#skip-whitespace>skip whitespace</a>, set <var title="">next character</var> to the character in <var title="">input</var> pointed to by <var title="">position</var>, and advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!--MONTHS: this would probably be where we would add more
+ logic to support a new unit like 'mo' -->
+
+ <p>If <var title="">next character</var> is a U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y character, or a
+ U+0079 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y character, set <var title="">units</var> to <i>years</i> and set
+ <var title="">M-disambiguator</var> to <i>months</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">next character</var> is a U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M character or a
+ U+006D LATIN SMALL LETTER M character, and <var title="">M-disambiguator</var> is
+ <i>months</i>, then set <var title="">units</var> to <i>months</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">next character</var> is a U+0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W character or a
+ U+0077 LATIN SMALL LETTER W character, set <var title="">units</var> to <i>weeks</i> and set
+ <var title="">M-disambiguator</var> to <i>minutes</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">next character</var> is a U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D character or a
+ U+0064 LATIN SMALL LETTER D character, set <var title="">units</var> to <i>days</i> and set
+ <var title="">M-disambiguator</var> to <i>minutes</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">next character</var> is a U+0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H character or a
+ U+0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER H character, set <var title="">units</var> to <i>hours</i> and set
+ <var title="">M-disambiguator</var> to <i>minutes</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">next character</var> is a U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M character or a
+ U+006D LATIN SMALL LETTER M character, and <var title="">M-disambiguator</var> is
+ <i>minutes</i>, then set <var title="">units</var> to <i>minutes</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">next character</var> is a U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S character or a
+ U+0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S character, set <var title="">units</var> to <i>seconds</i> and
+ set <var title="">M-disambiguator</var> to <i>minutes</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise if <var title="">next character</var> is none of the above characters, then
+ fail.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">component count</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">multiplier</var> be 1.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">units</var> is <i>years</i>, multiply <var title="">multiplier</var> by
+ 12 and set <var title="">units</var> to <i>months</i>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">units</var> is <i>months</i>, add the product of <var title="">N</var> and
+ <var title="">multiplier</var> to <var title="">months</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">units</var> is <i>weeks</i>, multiply <var title="">multiplier</var>
+ by 7 and set <var title="">units</var> to <i>days</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">units</var> is <i>days</i>, multiply <var title="">multiplier</var>
+ by 24 and set <var title="">units</var> to <i>hours</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">units</var> is <i>hours</i>, multiply <var title="">multiplier</var>
+ by 60 and set <var title="">units</var> to <i>minutes</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">units</var> is <i>minutes</i>, multiply <var title="">multiplier</var> by 60 and set <var title="">units</var> to <i>seconds</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Forcibly, <var title="">units</var> is now <i>seconds</i>. Add the product of <var title="">N</var> and <var title="">multiplier</var> to <var title="">seconds</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">component count</var> is zero,
+ fail.</li>
+
+ <!--MONTHS: if we add month support this is where you'd return them-->
+ <li><p>If <var title="">months</var> is not zero, fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the <a href=#concept-duration title=concept-duration>duration</a> consisting of <var title="">seconds</var> seconds.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=vaguer-moments-in-time><span class=secno>2.4.5.10 </span>Vaguer moments in time</h5>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-date-string-with-optional-time>valid date string with optional time</dfn> if
+ it is also one of the following:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>A <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a></li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a></li>
+
+ </ul><div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>The rules to <dfn id=parse-a-date-or-time-string>parse a date or time string</dfn> are as follows. The algorithm will return
+ either a <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a>, a <a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a>, a <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a>, or nothing. If at any point the algorithm
+ says that it "fails", this means that it is aborted at that point and returns nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">start position</var> to the same position as <var title="">position</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <var title="">date present</var> and <var title="">time present</var> flags to
+ true.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#parse-a-date-component>Parse a date component</a> to obtain <var title="">year</var>, <var title="">month</var>, and <var title="">day</var>. If this fails, then set the <var title="">date
+ present</var> flag to false.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">date present</var> is true, and <var title="">position</var> is not beyond
+ the end of <var title="">input</var>, and the character at <var title="">position</var> is
+ either a U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T character (T) or a U+0020 SPACE character, then advance
+ <var title="">position</var> to the next character in <var title="">input</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">date present</var> is true, and either <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var> or the character at <var title="">position</var> is neither a U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T character (T) nor a U+0020
+ SPACE character, then set <var title="">time present</var> to false.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">date present</var> is false, set <var title="">position</var>
+ back to the same position as <var title="">start position</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">time present</var> flag is true, then <a href=#parse-a-time-component>parse a time
+ component</a> to obtain <var title="">hour</var>, <var title="">minute</var>, and <var title="">second</var>. If this returns nothing, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">date present</var> and <var title="">time present</var> flags are
+ both true, but <var title="">position</var> is beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>, then
+ fail.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">date present</var> and <var title="">time present</var> flags are
+ both true, <a href=#parse-a-time-zone-offset-component>parse a time-zone offset component</a> to obtain <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var> and <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var>. If this
+ returns nothing, then fail.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is <em>not</em> beyond the end of <var title="">input</var>, then fail.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">date present</var> flag is true and the <var title="">time present</var>
+ flag is false, then let <var title="">date</var> be the date with year <var title="">year</var>,
+ month <var title="">month</var>, and day <var title="">day</var>, and return <var title="">date</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <var title="">time present</var> flag is true and the <var title="">date
+ present</var> flag is false, then let <var title="">time</var> be the time with hour <var title="">hour</var>, minute <var title="">minute</var>, and second <var title="">second</var>,
+ and return <var title="">time</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">time</var> be the moment in time at year <var title="">year</var>, month <var title="">month</var>, day <var title="">day</var>, hours <var title="">hour</var>, minute <var title="">minute</var>, second <var title="">second</var>,
+ subtracting <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var> hours and <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var> minutes, that moment in time being a moment
+ in the UTC time zone; let <var title="">timezone</var> be <var title="">timezone<sub title="">hours</sub></var> hours and <var title="">timezone<sub title="">minutes</sub></var>
+ minutes from UTC; and return <var title="">time</var> and <var title="">timezone</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=colors><span class=secno>2.4.6 </span>Colors</h4>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=simple-color>simple color</dfn> consists of three 8-bit numbers in the range 0..255, representing the
+ red, green, and blue components of the color respectively, in the sRGB color space. <a href=#refsSRGB>[SRGB]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-simple-color>valid simple color</dfn> if it is exactly seven characters long, and the
+ first character is a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character (#), and the remaining six characters are all
+ <a href=#ascii-hex-digits>ASCII hex digits</a>, with the first two digits representing the red component, the
+ middle two digits representing the green component, and the last two digits representing the blue
+ component, in hexadecimal.</p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-lowercase-simple-color>valid lowercase simple color</dfn> if it is a <a href=#valid-simple-color>valid simple
+ color</a> and doesn't use any characters in the range U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A to U+0046
+ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=rules-for-parsing-simple-color-values>rules for parsing simple color values</dfn> are as given in the following algorithm.
+ When invoked, the steps must be followed in the order given, aborting at the first step that
+ returns a value. This algorithm will return either a <a href=#simple-color>simple color</a> or an error.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">input</var> is not exactly seven characters long, then return an
+ error.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the first character in <var title="">input</var> is not a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character
+ (#), then return an error.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the last six characters of <var title="">input</var> are not all <a href=#ascii-hex-digits>ASCII hex
+ digits</a>, then return an error.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be a <a href=#simple-color>simple color</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Interpret the second and third characters as a hexadecimal number and let the result be
+ the red component of <var title="">result</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Interpret the fourth and fifth characters as a hexadecimal number and let the result be
+ the green component of <var title="">result</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Interpret the sixth and seventh characters as a hexadecimal number and let the result be
+ the blue component of <var title="">result</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">result</var>.</p>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=rules-for-serializing-simple-color-values>rules for serializing simple color values</dfn> given a <a href=#simple-color>simple color</a> are
+ as given in the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be a string consisting of a single U+0023 NUMBER SIGN
+ character (#).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Convert the red, green, and blue components in turn to two-digit hexadecimal numbers using
+ <a href=#lowercase-ascii-hex-digits>lowercase ASCII hex digits</a>, zero-padding if necessary, and append these numbers to
+ <var title="">result</var>, in the order red, green, blue.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">result</var>, which will be a <a href=#valid-lowercase-simple-color>valid lowercase simple
+ color</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>Some obsolete legacy attributes parse colors in a more complicated manner, using the <dfn id=rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value>rules
+ for parsing a legacy color value</dfn>, which are given in the following algorithm. When invoked,
+ the steps must be followed in the order given, aborting at the first step that returns a value.
+ This algorithm will return either a <a href=#simple-color>simple color</a> or an error.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">input</var> is the empty string, then return an error.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace>Strip leading and trailing whitespace</a> from <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">input</var> is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the
+ string "<code title="">transparent</code>", then return an error.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">input</var> is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for one of the
+ keywords listed in the <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#svg-color>SVG color
+ keywords</a> <!-- or <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#css2-system">CSS2 System
+ Colors</a> --> section<!--s--> of the CSS3 Color specification, then return the <a href=#simple-color>simple
+ color</a> corresponding to that keyword. <a href=#refsCSSCOLOR>[CSSCOLOR]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#css2-system>CSS2 System
+ Colors</a> are not recognised.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">input</var> is four characters long, and the first character in <var title="">input</var> is a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character (#), and the last three characters of
+ <var title="">input</var> are all <a href=#ascii-hex-digits>ASCII hex digits</a>, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be a <a href=#simple-color>simple color</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Interpret the second character of <var title="">input</var> as a hexadecimal digit; let
+ the red component of <var title="">result</var> be the resulting number multiplied by 17.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Interpret the third character of <var title="">input</var> as a hexadecimal digit; let
+ the green component of <var title="">result</var> be the resulting number multiplied by 17.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Interpret the fourth character of <var title="">input</var> as a hexadecimal digit; let
+ the blue component of <var title="">result</var> be the resulting number multiplied by 17.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">result</var>.</p>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace any characters in <var title="">input</var> that have a Unicode code point greater
+ than U+FFFF (i.e. any characters that are not in the basic multilingual plane) with the
+ two-character string "<code title="">00</code>".</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">input</var> is longer than 128 characters, truncate <var title="">input</var>, leaving only the first 128 characters.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the first character in <var title="">input</var> is a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character (#),
+ remove it.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace any character in <var title="">input</var> that is not an <a href=#ascii-hex-digits title="ASCII hex
+ digits">ASCII hex digit</a> with the character U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0).</li>
+
+ <li><p>While <var title="">input</var>'s length is zero or not a multiple of three, append a
+ U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) character to <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Split <var title="">input</var> into three strings of equal length, to obtain three
+ components. Let <var title="">length</var> be the length of those components (one third the
+ length of <var title="">input</var>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">length</var> is greater than 8, then remove the leading <span title=""><var title="">length</var>-8</span> characters in each component, and let <var title="">length</var> be 8.</li>
+
+ <li><p>While <var title="">length</var> is greater than two and the first character in each
+ component is a U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) character, remove that character and reduce <var title="">length</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">length</var> is <em>still</em> greater than two, truncate each component,
+ leaving only the first two characters in each.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be a <a href=#simple-color>simple color</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Interpret the first component as a hexadecimal number; let the red component of <var title="">result</var> be the resulting number.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Interpret the second component as a hexadecimal number; let the green component of <var title="">result</var> be the resulting number.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Interpret the third component as a hexadecimal number; let the blue component of <var title="">result</var> be the resulting number.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">result</var>.</p>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <hr><p class=note>The <a href=#canvas-context-2d title=canvas-context-2d>2D graphics context</a> has a separate
+ color syntax that also handles opacity.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=space-separated-tokens><span class=secno>2.4.7 </span>Space-separated tokens</h4>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=set-of-space-separated-tokens>set of space-separated tokens</dfn> is a string containing zero or more words (known as
+ tokens) separated by one or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>, where
+ words consist of any string of one or more characters, none of which are <a href=#space-character title="space
+ character">space characters</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A string containing a <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>set of space-separated tokens</a> may have leading or trailing
+ <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>An <dfn id=unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</dfn> is a <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>set of space-separated
+ tokens</a> where none of the tokens are duplicated.</p>
+
+ <p>An <dfn id=ordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>ordered set of unique space-separated tokens</dfn> is a <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>set of space-separated
+ tokens</a> where none of the tokens are duplicated but where the order of the tokens is
+ meaningful.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens title="set of space-separated tokens">Sets of space-separated tokens</a> sometimes
+ have a defined set of allowed values. When a set of allowed values is defined, the tokens must all
+ be from that list of allowed values; other values are non-conforming. If no such set of allowed
+ values is provided, then all values are conforming.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>How tokens in a <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>set of space-separated tokens</a> are to be compared
+ (e.g. case-sensitively or not) is defined on a per-set basis.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When a user agent has to <dfn id=split-a-string-on-spaces>split a string on spaces</dfn>, it must use the following
+ algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">tokens</var> be an ordered list of tokens, initially empty.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>While <var title="">position</var> is not past the end of <var title="">input</var>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are not <a href=#space-character title="space
+ character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the string collected in the previous step to <var title="">tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=comma-separated-tokens><span class=secno>2.4.8 </span>Comma-separated tokens</h4>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=set-of-comma-separated-tokens>set of comma-separated tokens</dfn> is a string containing zero or more tokens each
+ separated from the next by a single U+002C COMMA character (,), where tokens consist of any string
+ of zero or more characters, neither beginning nor ending with <a href=#space-character title="space character">space
+ characters</a>, nor containing any U+002C COMMA characters (,), and optionally surrounded by
+ <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For instance, the string "<code title="">&nbsp;a&nbsp;,b,,d&nbsp;d&nbsp;</code>" consists of four tokens: "a", "b", the empty
+ string, and "d&nbsp;d". Leading and trailing whitespace around each token doesn't count as part of
+ the token, and the empty string can be a token.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#set-of-comma-separated-tokens title="set of comma-separated tokens">Sets of comma-separated tokens</a> sometimes
+ have further restrictions on what consists a valid token. When such restrictions are defined, the
+ tokens must all fit within those restrictions; other values are non-conforming. If no such
+ restrictions are specified, then all values are conforming.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When a user agent has to <dfn id=split-a-string-on-commas>split a string on commas</dfn>, it must use the following
+ algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">tokens</var> be an ordered list of tokens, initially empty.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Token</i>: If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, jump to the last step.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are not U+002C COMMA characters (,).
+ Let <var title="">s</var> be the resulting sequence (which might be the empty string).</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace>Strip leading and trailing whitespace</a> from <var title="">s</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append <var title="">s</var> to <var title="">tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is not past the end of <var title="">input</var>, then
+ the character at <var title="">position</var> is a U+002C COMMA character (,); advance <var title="">position</var> past that character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Jump back to the step labeled <i>token</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=syntax-references><span class=secno>2.4.9 </span>References</h4>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=valid-hash-name-reference>valid hash-name reference</dfn> to an element of type <var title="">type</var> is a
+ string consisting of a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character (#) followed by a string which exactly matches
+ the value of the <code title="">name</code> attribute of an element with type <var title="">type</var> in the document.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=rules-for-parsing-a-hash-name-reference>rules for parsing a hash-name reference</dfn> to an element of type <var title="">type</var> are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the string being parsed does not contain a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character, or if the
+ first such character in the string is the last character in the string, then return null and
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">s</var> be the string from the character immediately after the first
+ U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character in the string being parsed up to the end of that string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the first element of type <var title="">type</var> that has an <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute whose value is a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for <var title="">s</var> or a <code title="">name</code> attribute whose value is a <a href=#compatibility-caseless>compatibility
+ caseless</a> match for <var title="">s</var>.</li>
+
+ <!--
+ IE is also doing case-insensitive id="" matching.
+ Tests:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E%0A%3Cmap%20name%3D%22T%26eacute%3B%26%23x01F1%3B%26%23x2075%3B%22%3E%3Carea%20href%3D%22%2F%22%20shape%3Drect%20coords%3D0%2C0%2C200%2C200%3E%3C%2Fmap%3E%0A%3Cimg%20usemap%3D%22%23t%26Eacute%3BDZ5%22%20src%3Dimage%3E
+ ...except that doesn't explain why this fails:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E%0A%3Cmap%20name%3D%22T%26eacute%3B%26%23x01F1%3B%26%23x2075%3B%26%23xFB01%3B%22%3E%3Carea%20href%3D%22%2F%22%20shape%3Drect%20coords%3D0%2C0%2C200%2C200%3E%3C%2Fmap%3E%0A%3Cimg%20usemap%3D%22%23t%26Eacute%3BDZ5F%26%23x0131%3B%26%23x0307%3B%22%20src%3Dimage%3E
+ maybe they just don't know about combining dot above?
+ -->
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=mq><span class=secno>2.4.10 </span>Media queries</h4>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-media-query>valid media query</dfn> if it matches the <code title="">media_query_list</code> production of the Media Queries specification. <a href=#refsMQ>[MQ]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A string <dfn id=matches-the-environment>matches the environment</dfn> of the user if it is the empty string, a string
+ consisting of only <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>, or is a media query
+ that matches the user's environment according to the definitions given in the Media Queries
+ specification. <a href=#refsMQ>[MQ]</a></p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=urls><span class=secno>2.5 </span>URLs</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=terminology-0><span class=secno>2.5.1 </span>Terminology</h4>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#url>URL</a> is a <dfn id=valid-url>valid URL</dfn> if it conforms to the authoring conformance
+ requirements in the WHATWG URL standard. <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-non-empty-url>valid non-empty URL</dfn> if it is a <a href=#valid-url>valid URL</a> but it is not
+ the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid URL potentially surrounded by spaces</dfn> if, after <a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace title="strip leading and trailing whitespace">stripping leading and trailing whitespace</a>
+ from it, it is a <a href=#valid-url>valid URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</dfn> if, after <a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace title="strip leading and trailing whitespace">stripping leading and trailing whitespace</a>
+ from it, it is a <a href=#valid-non-empty-url>valid non-empty URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>This specification defines the URL <dfn id=about:legacy-compat><code>about:legacy-compat</code></dfn> as a reserved,
+ though unresolvable, <code title="">about:</code> URL, for use in <a href=#syntax-doctype title=syntax-doctype>DOCTYPE</a>s in <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a> when needed for
+ compatibility with XML tools. <a href=#refsABOUT>[ABOUT]</a></p>
+
+ <p>This specification defines the URL <dfn id=about:srcdoc><code>about:srcdoc</code></dfn> as a reserved, though
+ unresolvable, <code title="">about:</code> URL, that is used as <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's
+ address</a> of <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document title="an iframe srcdoc document"><code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> documents</a>. <a href=#refsABOUT>[ABOUT]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=fallback-base-url>fallback base URL</dfn> of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object is the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> obtained by running these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a>, then return the <a href=#document-base-url>document base
+ URL</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/html/navigation/javascript-url/ -->
+
+ <!-- this should be tested in the case of a browsing context that was navigated to about:blank
+ after having been elsewhere, as opposed to the about:blank used at the time of the browsing
+ context's creation. -->
+
+ <p>If <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> is <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>, and the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has a <a href=#creator-browsing-context>creator browsing
+ context</a>, then return the <a href=#document-base-url>document base URL</a> of the <a href=#creator-document>creator
+ <code>Document</code></a>, and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <!-- http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/dom/level0/history/pushState/001/ -->
+
+ <li><p>Return <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=document-base-url>document base URL</dfn> of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object is the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> obtained by running these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If there is no <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element that has an <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> attribute in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, then the
+ <a href=#document-base-url>document base URL</a> is the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#fallback-base-url>fallback base URL</a>;
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, the <a href=#document-base-url>document base URL</a> is the <a href=#frozen-base-url>frozen base URL</a> of the
+ first <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that has an <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> attribute, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=resolving-urls><span class=secno>2.5.2 </span>Resolving URLs</h4>
+
+ <p>Resolving a URL is the process of taking a <a href=#relative-url>relative URL</a> and obtaining the
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> that it implies.</p>
+
+ <p>To <dfn id=resolve-a-url>resolve a URL</dfn> to an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> relative to either another
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> or an element, the user agent must use the following steps. Resolving a
+ URL can result in an error, in which case the URL is not resolvable.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">url</var> be the <a href=#url>URL</a> being resolved.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">encoding</var> be determined as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the URL had a character encoding defined when the URL was created or defined or when
+ this algorithm was invoked</dt>
+
+ <dd>The URL character encoding is as defined.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the URL came from a script (e.g. as an argument to a method)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The URL character encoding is the <a href=#api-url-character-encoding>API URL character encoding</a> specified by the
+ script's <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the URL came from a DOM node (e.g. from an element)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The node has a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and the URL character encoding is the
+ <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">encoding</var> is <a href=#a-utf-16-encoding>a UTF-16 encoding</a>, then change the value
+ of <var title="">encoding</var> to UTF-8.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the algorithm was invoked with an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> to use as the base URL, let
+ <var title="">base</var> be that <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">base</var> be <a href="#the-element's-base-url">the element's base URL</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Apply the <a href=#url-parser>URL parser</a> to <var title="">url</var>, with <var title="">base</var> as the base URL, with <var title="">encoding</var> as the encoding.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this returns failure, then abort these steps with an error.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">parsed URL</var> be the result of the <a href=#url-parser>URL parser</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">serialised URL</var> be the result of apply the <a href=#concept-url-serializer title=concept-url-serializer>URL
+ serializer</a> to <var title="">parsed URL</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">serialised URL</var> as the <dfn id=resulting-absolute-url>resulting absolute URL</dfn> and
+ <var title="">parsed URL</var> as the <dfn id=resulting-parsed-url>resulting parsed URL</dfn>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Given an element, <dfn id="the-element's-base-url">the element's base URL</dfn> is the <i>base URI of the element</i>, as
+ defined by the XML Base specification, with <i>the base URI of the document entity</i> being
+ defined as the <a href=#document-base-url>document base URL</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that owns the element.
+ <a href=#refsXMLBASE>[XMLBASE]</a></p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of the XML Base specification, user agents must act as if all
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects represented XML documents.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>It is possible for <code title=attr-xml-base><a href=#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)>xml:base</a></code> attributes to be
+ present even in HTML fragments, as such attributes can be added dynamically using script. (Such
+ scripts would not be conforming, however, as <code title=attr-xml-base><a href=#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)>xml:base</a></code>
+ attributes are not allowed in <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=dynamic-changes-to-base-urls><span class=secno>2.5.3 </span>Dynamic changes to base URLs</h4>
+
+ <p>When an <code title=attr-xml-base><a href=#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)>xml:base</a></code> attribute is set, changed, or removed, the
+ attribute's element, and all descendant elements, are <a href=#affected-by-a-base-url-change>affected by a base URL
+ change</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a document's <a href=#document-base-url>document base URL</a> changes, all elements in that document are
+ <a href=#affected-by-a-base-url-change>affected by a base URL change</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following are <a href=#base-url-change-steps>base URL change steps</a>, which run when an element is
+ <a href=#affected-by-a-base-url-change>affected by a base URL change</a> (as defined by the DOM specification):</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the element creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> identified by the hyperlink is being shown to the user, or
+ if any data derived from that URL is affecting the display, then the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute should be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">re-resolved</a> relative to the element and the UI updated appropriately.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, the CSS <code title=selector-link><a href=#selector-link>:link</a></code>/<code title=selector-visited><a href=#selector-visited>:visited</a></code> pseudo-classes might have been affected.</p>
+
+ <p>If the hyperlink has a <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code> attribute and its <a href=#absolute-url title="absolute URL">absolute URL(s)</a> are being shown to the user, then the <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code> attribute's tokens should be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">re-resolved</a> relative to the element and the UI updated appropriately.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> element with a <code title="">cite</code> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> identified by the <code title="">cite</code> attribute is
+ being shown to the user, or if any data derived from that URL is affecting the display, then the
+ <a href=#url>URL</a> should be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">re-resolved</a> relative to the
+ element and the UI updated appropriately.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The element is not directly affected.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For instance, changing the base URL doesn't affect the image displayed by
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements, although subsequent accesses of the <code title=dom-img-src><a href=#dom-img-src>src</a></code> IDL attribute from script will return a new <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> that might no longer correspond to the image being shown.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h3 id=fetching-resources><span class=secno>2.6 </span>Fetching resources</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=terminology-1><span class=secno>2.6.1 </span>Terminology</h4>
+
+ <p id=concept-http-equivalent>User agents can implement a variety of transfer protocols, but
+ this specification mostly defines behavior in terms of HTTP. <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-http-equivalent-get title=concept-http-equivalent-get>HTTP GET method</dfn> is equivalent to the default
+ retrieval action of the protocol. For example, RETR in FTP. Such actions are idempotent and safe,
+ in HTTP terms.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>HTTP response codes</dfn> are equivalent to
+ statuses in other protocols that have the same basic meanings. For example, a "file not found"
+ error is equivalent to a 404 code, a server error is equivalent to a 5xx code, and so on.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-http-equivalent-headers title=concept-http-equivalent-headers>HTTP headers</dfn> are equivalent to fields in
+ other protocols that have the same basic meaning. For example, the HTTP authentication headers are
+ equivalent to the authentication aspects of the FTP protocol.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=referrer-source>referrer source</dfn> is either a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> or a <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=processing-model><span class=secno>2.6.2 </span>Processing model</h4>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=fetch>fetch</dfn><!--FETCH--> a resource or <a href=#url>URL</a>, optionally
+ <strong>from</strong> an origin <i title="">origin</i>, optionally <strong>using</strong> a
+ specific <a href=#referrer-source>referrer source</a> as an <i>override referrer source</i>, and optionally with
+ any of a <i>synchronous flag</i>, a <i>manual redirect flag</i>, a <i>force same-origin flag</i>,
+ and a <i>block cookies flag</i>, the following steps must be run. (When a <em><a href=#url>URL</a></em> is to be
+ fetched, the URL identifies a resource to be obtained.)</p>
+
+ <!-- if invoked with the synchronous flag, make sure to release the storage mutex first -->
+
+ <!-- synchronous flag is only to be used in algorithms that are themselves asynchronous! Only
+ sync-XHR is allowed to make the mistake of screwing that up. :-P -->
+
+ <!-- the force same-origin flag is for use in places where we'll be moving to CORS one day; when
+ used, the algorithm must be invoked with a URL (not something else, like a POST request) whose
+ origin is the same as the /origin/, which must also be present, and the algorithm must not be
+ invoked with the manual redirect flag. -->
+
+ <!-- "block cookies" is currently only used by XHR -->
+
+ <ol><li><p>If there is a specific <i>override referrer source</i>, and it is a <a href=#url>URL</a>, then
+ let <var title="">referrer</var> be the <i>override referrer source</i>, and jump to the step
+ labeled <i>clean referrer</i>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">document</var> be the appropriate <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> as given by the
+ following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If there is a specific <i>override referrer source</i></dt>
+
+ <dd>The <i>override referrer source</i>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>When <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigating</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>When fetching resources for an element</dt>
+
+ <dd>The element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</dd>
+
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>While <var title="">document</var> is <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a>, let <var title="">document</var> be
+ <var title="">document</var>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> instead.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of <var title="">Document</var> is not a scheme/host/port tuple,
+ then set <var title="">referrer</var> to the empty string and jump to the step labeled <i>clean
+ referrer</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">referrer</var> be <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> of <var title="">document</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Clean referrer</i>: Apply the <a href=#url-parser>URL parser</a> to <var title="">referrer</var> and let <var title="">parsed referrer</var> be the <a href=#resulting-parsed-url>resulting parsed URL</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">referrer</var> be the result of applying the <a href=#concept-url-serializer title=concept-url-serializer>URL serializer</a> to <var title="">parsed referrer</var>,
+ with the <i>exclude fragment flag</i> set.</p> <!-- RFC2616 says "The URI MUST NOT include a
+ fragment." (section 14.36) -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">referrer</var> is not the empty string, is not a <a href=#data-protocol title="data
+ protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URL</a>, and is not the <a href=#url>URL</a>
+ "<code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>", then generate the <i>address of the resource from which Request-URIs
+ are obtained</i> as required by HTTP for the <code title=http-referer>Referer</code> (sic)
+ header from <var title="">referrer</var>. <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the <code title=http-referer>Referer</code> (sic) header must be omitted,
+ regardless of its value.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the algorithm was not invoked with the <i>synchronous flag</i>, perform the remaining
+ steps asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> with which any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by this algorithm would be associated doesn't have an
+ associated <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+<!--(redundant with 'at a time convenient...' below)
+ <li><p>Optionally, wait until the <code>Document</code> with which any <span
+ title="concept-task">tasks</span> <span title="queue a task">queued</span> by this algorithm
+ would be associated is <span title="active document">active</span>.</p></li>
+-->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>This is the <i>main step</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the resource is to be obtained from an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>, then use the data
+ from that <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>, as if it had been obtained in the manner appropriate
+ given its <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the resource is identified by an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, and the resource is to be
+ obtained using an idempotent action (such as an HTTP GET <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-get title=concept-http-equivalent-get>or equivalent</a>), and it is already being downloaded
+ for other reasons (e.g. another invocation of this algorithm), and this request would be
+ identical to the previous one (e.g. same <code title=http-accept>Accept</code> and <code title=http-origin>Origin</code> headers), and the user agent is configured such that it is to
+ reuse the data from the existing download instead of initiating a new one, then use the results
+ of the existing download instead of starting a new one.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the resource is identified by an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> with a scheme that
+ does not define a mechanism to obtain the resource (e.g. it is a <code title="">mailto:</code>
+ URL) or that the user agent does not support, then act as if the resource was an HTTP 204 No
+ Content response with no other metadata.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the resource is identified by the <a href=#url>URL</a>
+ <dfn id=about:blank><code>about:blank</code></dfn>, then the resource is immediately available and consists of
+ the empty string, with no metadata.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, at a time convenient to the user and the user agent, download (or otherwise
+ obtain) the resource, applying the semantics of the relevant specifications (e.g. performing an
+ HTTP GET or POST operation, or reading the file from disk, or expanding <a href=#data-protocol title="data
+ protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URLs</a>, etc).</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of the <code title=http-referer>Referer</code> (sic) header, use the
+ <i>address of the resource from which Request-URIs are obtained</i> generated in the earlier
+ step.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of the <code title=http-origin>Origin</code> header, if the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a> was explicitly initiated from an <i title="">origin</i>, then <i title="">the origin that initiated the HTTP request</i> is <i title="">origin</i>. Otherwise, this is <i title="">a request from a "privacy-sensitive"
+ context</i>. <a href=#refsORIGIN>[ORIGIN]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the algorithm was not invoked with the <i>block cookies flag</i>, and there are cookies to
+ be set, then the user agent must run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Wait until ownership of the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a> can be taken by this instance of
+ the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching</a> algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Take ownership of the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Update the cookies. <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a>
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Release the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a> so that it is once again free.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the fetched resource is an HTTP redirect <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or
+ equivalent</a>, then:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <i>force same-origin flag</i> is set and the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the target of the
+ redirect does not have the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the <a href=#url>URL</a> for which the
+ <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm was invoked</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Abort these steps and return failure from this algorithm, as if the remote host could not
+ be contacted.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <i>manual redirect flag</i> is set</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Continue, using the fetched resource (the redirect) as the result of the algorithm. If the
+ calling algorithm subsequently requires the user agent to <dfn id=transparently-follow-the-redirect>transparently follow the
+ redirect</dfn>, then the user agent must resume this algorithm from the <i>main step</i>, but
+ using the target of the redirect as the resource to fetch, rather than the original
+ resource.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>First, apply any relevant requirements for redirects (such as showing any appropriate
+ prompts). Then, redo <i>main step</i>, but using the target of the redirect as the resource to
+ fetch, rather than the original resource. For HTTP requests, the new request must include the
+ same headers as the original request, except for headers for which other requirements are
+ specified (such as the <code title=http-host>Host</code> header). <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The HTTP specification requires that 301, 302, and 307 redirects, when applied
+ to methods other than the safe methods, not be followed without user confirmation. That would
+ be an appropriate prompt for the purposes of the requirement in the paragraph above. <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the algorithm was not invoked with the <i>synchronous flag</i>: When the resource is
+ available, or if there is an error of some description, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> that uses the
+ resource as appropriate. If the resource can be processed incrementally, as, for instance, with
+ a progressively interlaced JPEG or an HTML file, additional tasks may be queued to process the
+ data as it is downloaded. The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for these <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> is the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, return the resource or error information to the calling algorithm.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>If the user agent can determine the actual length of the resource being <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> for an instance of this algorithm, and if that length is finite, then
+ that length is the file's <dfn id=concept-fetch-total title=concept-fetch-total>size</dfn>. Otherwise, the subject of
+ the algorithm (that is, the resource being fetched) has no known <a href=#concept-fetch-total title=concept-fetch-total>size</a>. (For example, the HTTP <code title=http-content-length>Content-Length</code> header might provide this information.)</p>
+
+ <p>The user agent must also keep track of the <dfn id=concept-fetch-loaded title=concept-fetch-loaded>number of bytes
+ downloaded</dfn> for each instance of this algorithm. This number must exclude any out-of-band
+ metadata, such as HTTP headers.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> processing model introduces some <a href=#changesToNetworkingModel>changes to the networking model</a> to handle the returning of
+ cached resources.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> processing model handles redirects
+ itself, overriding the redirection handling that would be done by the fetching algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Whether the <a href=#content-type-sniffing>type sniffing rules</a> apply to the
+ fetched resource depends on the algorithm that invokes the rules &mdash; they are not always
+ applicable.</p>
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <h4 id=encrypted-http-and-related-security-concerns><span class=secno>2.6.3 </span>Encrypted HTTP and related security concerns</h4>
+
+ <p>Anything in this specification that refers to HTTP also applies to HTTP-over-TLS, as
+ represented by <a href=#url title=url>URLs</a> representing the <code title="">https</code> scheme.
+ <a href=#refsHTTPS>[HTTPS]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=warning>User agents should report certificate errors to the user and must either refuse
+ to download resources sent with erroneous certificates or must act as if such resources were in
+ fact served with no encryption.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should warn the user that there is a potential problem whenever the user visits a
+ page that the user has previously visited, if the page uses less secure encryption on the second
+ visit.</p>
+
+ <p>Not doing so can result in users not noticing man-in-the-middle attacks.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>If a user connects to a server with a self-signed certificate, the user agent could allow the
+ connection but just act as if there had been no encryption. If the user agent instead allowed the
+ user to override the problem and then displayed the page as if it was fully and safely encrypted,
+ the user could be easily tricked into accepting man-in-the-middle connections.</p>
+
+ <p>If a user connects to a server with full encryption, but the page then refers to an external
+ resource that has an expired certificate, then the user agent will act as if the resource was
+ unavailable, possibly also reporting the problem to the user. If the user agent instead allowed
+ the resource to be used, then an attacker could just look for "secure" sites that used resources
+ from a different host and only apply man-in-the-middle attacks to that host, for example taking
+ over scripts in the page.</p>
+
+ <p>If a user bookmarks a site that uses a CA-signed certificate, and then later revisits that
+ site directly but the site has started using a self-signed certificate, the user agent could warn
+ the user that a man-in-the-middle attack is likely underway, instead of simply acting as if the
+ page was not encrypted.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+ <h4 id=content-type-sniffing><span class=secno>2.6.4 </span>Determining the type of a resource</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</dfn> of a resource must be obtained and
+ interpreted in a manner consistent with the requirements of the MIME Sniffing specification. <a href=#refsMIMESNIFF>[MIMESNIFF]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=content-type-sniffing-0 title="Content-Type sniffing">sniffed type of a resource</dfn> must be found in a
+ manner consistent with the requirements given in the MIME Sniffing specification for finding the
+ <i>sniffed media type</i> of the relevant sequence of octets. <a href=#refsMIMESNIFF>[MIMESNIFF]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=content-type-sniffing:-image title="Content-Type sniffing: image">rules for sniffing images specifically</dfn> and
+ the <dfn id=content-type-sniffing:-text-or-binary title="Content-Type sniffing: text or binary">rules for distinguishing if a resource is
+ text or binary</dfn> are also defined in the MIME Sniffing specification. Both sets of rules
+ return a <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> as their result. <a href=#refsMIMESNIFF>[MIMESNIFF]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=warning>It is imperative that the rules in the MIME Sniffing specification be followed
+ exactly. When a user agent uses different heuristics for content type detection than the server
+ expects, security problems can occur. For more details, see the MIME Sniffing specification. <a href=#refsMIMESNIFF>[MIMESNIFF]</a></p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=extracting-character-encodings-from-meta-elements><span class=secno>2.6.5 </span>Extracting character encodings from <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> elements</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=algorithm-for-extracting-a-character-encoding-from-a-meta-element>algorithm for extracting a character encoding from a <code>meta</code> element</dfn>,
+ given a string <var title="">s</var>, is as follows. It either returns a character encoding or
+ nothing.</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/html/parsing/encoding/all.html --><li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">s</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Loop</i>: Find the first seven characters in <var title="">s</var> after <var title="">position</var> that are an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the word "<code title="">charset</code>". If no such match is found, return nothing and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Skip any <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a> that immediately follow the
+ word "<code title="">charset</code>" (there might not be any).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the next character is not a U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=), then move <var title="">position</var> to point just before that next character, and jump back to the step
+ labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Skip any <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a> that immediately follow the
+ equals sign (there might not be any).</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Process the next character as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If it is a U+0022 QUOTATION MARK character (") and there is a later U+0022 QUOTATION MARK character (") in <var title="">s</var></dt>
+ <dt>If it is a U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (') and there is a later U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (') in <var title="">s</var></dt>
+ <dd>Return the result of <a href=#getting-an-encoding>getting an encoding</a> from the substring that is between
+ this character and the next earliest occurrence of this character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If it is an unmatched U+0022 QUOTATION MARK character (")</dt>
+ <dt>If it is an unmatched U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (')</dt>
+ <dt>If there is no next character</dt>
+ <dd>Return nothing.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+ <dd>Return the result of <a href=#getting-an-encoding>getting an encoding</a> from the substring that consists of
+ this character up to but not including the first <a href=#space-character>space character</a> or U+003B
+ SEMICOLON character (;), or the end of <var title="">s</var>, whichever comes first.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This algorithm is distinct from those in the HTTP specification (for example, HTTP
+ doesn't allow the use of single quotes and requires supporting a backslash-escape mechanism that
+ is not supported by this algorithm<!-- not to mention not having any rules for error-handling,
+ which is of course why we're having to define it ourselves -->). While the algorithm is used in
+ contexts that, historically, were related to HTTP, the syntax as supported by implementations
+ diverged some time ago. <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=cors-settings-attributes><span class=secno>2.6.6 </span>CORS settings attributes</h4>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=cors-settings-attribute>CORS settings attribute</dfn> is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a>. The following
+ table lists the keywords and states for the attribute &mdash; the keywords in the left column map
+ to the states in the cell in the second column on the same row as the keyword.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Keyword
+ <th> State
+ <th> Brief description
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=attr-crossorigin-anonymous-keyword title=attr-crossorigin-anonymous-keyword><code>anonymous</code></dfn>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-crossorigin-anonymous title=attr-crossorigin-anonymous>Anonymous</dfn>
+ <td>Cross-origin CORS requests for the element will have the <i><a href=#omit-credentials-flag>omit credentials flag</a></i> set.
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-crossorigin-use-credentials-keyword title=attr-crossorigin-use-credentials-keyword><code>use-credentials</code></dfn>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-crossorigin-use-credentials title=attr-crossorigin-use-credentials>Use Credentials</dfn>
+ <td>Cross-origin CORS requests for the element will not have the <i><a href=#omit-credentials-flag>omit credentials flag</a></i> set.
+ </table><p>The empty string is also a valid keyword, and maps to the <a href=#attr-crossorigin-anonymous title=attr-crossorigin-anonymous>Anonymous</a> state. The attribute's <i>invalid value
+ default</i> is the <a href=#attr-crossorigin-anonymous title=attr-crossorigin-anonymous>Anonymous</a> state. For the
+ purposes of <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflection</a>, the canonical case for the <a href=#attr-crossorigin-anonymous title=attr-crossorigin-anonymous>Anonymous</a> state is the <code title=attr-crossorigin-anonymous-keyword><a href=#attr-crossorigin-anonymous-keyword>anonymous</a></code> keyword. The <i>missing value
+ default</i>, used when the attribute is omitted, is the <dfn id=attr-crossorigin-none title=attr-crossorigin-none>No
+ CORS</dfn> state.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+ <h4 id=cors-enabled-fetch><span class=secno>2.6.7 </span>CORS-enabled fetch</h4>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is required to perform a <dfn id=potentially-cors-enabled-fetch>potentially CORS-enabled fetch</dfn> of an
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> <var title="">URL</var> with a mode <var title="">mode</var> that is
+ either "<a href=#attr-crossorigin-none title=attr-crossorigin-none>No CORS</a>", "<a href=#attr-crossorigin-anonymous title=attr-crossorigin-anonymous>Anonymous</a>", or "<a href=#attr-crossorigin-use-credentials title=attr-crossorigin-use-credentials>Use Credentials</a>", optionally using a
+ <a href=#referrer-source>referrer source</a> <var title="">referrer source</var>, with an <a href=#origin>origin</a>
+ <var title="">origin</var>, and with a default origin behaviour <var title="">default</var>
+ which is either "<i>taint</i>" or "<i>fail</i>", it must run the first applicable set of steps
+ from the following list. The default origin behaviour is only used if <var title="">mode</var> is
+ "<a href=#attr-crossorigin-none title=attr-crossorigin-none>No CORS</a>". This algorithm wraps the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a>
+ algorithm above, and labels the obtained resource as either <dfn id=cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</dfn> or
+ <dfn id=cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</dfn>, or blocks the resource entirely.</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <var title="">URL</var> has the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as <var title="">origin</var></dt>
+ <dt>If the <var title="">URL</var> is a <a href=#data-protocol title="data protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URL</a></dt>
+ <dt>If the <var title="">URL</var> is <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#fetch>Fetch</a><!--FETCH--> <var title="">URL</var>, using <var title="">referrer
+ source</var> if one was specified, with the <i>manual redirect flag</i> set.</li> <!--
+ http-origin privacy sensitive -->
+
+ <li><p><i>Loop</i>: Wait for the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm to know if the result is a
+ redirect or not.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Follow the first appropriate steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the result of the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> is a redirect, and the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the
+ target URL of the redirect is not the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as <var title="">origin</var></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Set <var title="">URL</var> to the target URL of the redirect and return to the top of
+ the <a href=#potentially-cors-enabled-fetch>potentially CORS-enabled fetch</a> algorithm (this time, one of the other
+ branches below might be taken, based on the value of <var title="">mode</var><!-- but if
+ it's a data: URL, we'll stay here -->).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the result of the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> is a redirect</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the target URL of the redirect is the <a href=#same-origin>same
+ origin</a> as <var title="">origin</var>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#transparently-follow-the-redirect>Transparently follow the redirect</a> and jump to the step labeled <i>loop</i>
+ above.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p class=note>The resource is available, it is not a redirect, and its <a href=#origin>origin</a>
+ is the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as <var title="">origin</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> from the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm are
+ <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> normally, and for the purposes of the calling
+ algorithm, the obtained resource is <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">mode</var> is "<a href=#attr-crossorigin-none title=attr-crossorigin-none>No CORS</a>" and
+ <var title="">default</var> is <i>taint</i></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p class=note>The <var title="">URL</var> does not have the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as <var title="">origin</var>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#fetch>Fetch</a><!--FETCH--> <var title="">URL</var>, using <var title="">referrer
+ source</var> if one was specified.</p> <!-- http-origin privacy sensitive -->
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> from the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm are <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> normally, but for the purposes of the calling algorithm, the
+ obtained resource is <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a>. The user agent may report a cross-origin
+ resource access failure to the user (e.g. in a debugging console).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">mode</var> is "<a href=#attr-crossorigin-none title=attr-crossorigin-none>No CORS</a>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p class=note>The <var title="">URL</var> does not have the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as <var title="">origin</var>, and <var title="">default</var> is <i>fail</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Discard any data fetched as part of this algorithm, and prevent any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> from such invocations of the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm
+ from being <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a>.
+
+ For the purposes of the calling algorithm, the user agent must act as if there was a fatal
+ network error and no resource was obtained. The user agent may report a cross-origin resource
+ access failure to the user (e.g. in a debugging console).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">mode</var> is "<a href=#attr-crossorigin-anonymous title=attr-crossorigin-anonymous>Anonymous</a>"
+ or "<a href=#attr-crossorigin-use-credentials title=attr-crossorigin-use-credentials>Use Credentials</a>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p class=note>The <var title="">URL</var> does not have the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as <var title="">origin</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Perform a <a href=#cross-origin-request>cross-origin request</a><!--FETCH--> with the <i>request URL</i> set
+ to <var title="">URL</var>, with the CORS <i title="">referrer source</i> set to <var title="">referrer source</var> if one was specified, the <i>source origin</i> set to <var title="">origin</var>, and with the <i><a href=#omit-credentials-flag>omit credentials flag</a></i> set if <var title="">mode</var> is "<a href=#attr-crossorigin-anonymous title=attr-crossorigin-anonymous>Anonymous</a>" and not
+ set otherwise. <a href=#refsFETCH>[FETCH]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait for the CORS <a href=#cross-origin-request-status>cross-origin request status</a> to have a value.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Jump to the appropriate step from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the CORS <a href=#cross-origin-request-status>cross-origin request status</a> is not <i>success</i></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Discard all fetched data and prevent any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> from
+ the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm from being <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a>. For
+ the purposes of the calling algorithm, the user agent must act as if there was a fatal
+ network error and no resource was obtained. If a CORS <a href=#resource-sharing-check>resource sharing check</a>
+ failed, the user agent may report a cross-origin resource access failure to the user (e.g.
+ in a debugging console).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the CORS <a href=#cross-origin-request-status>cross-origin request status</a> is <i>success</i></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> from the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm are
+ <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> normally, and for the purposes of the calling
+ algorithm, the obtained resource is <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=common-dom-interfaces><span class=secno>2.7 </span>Common DOM interfaces</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes><span class=secno>2.7.1 </span>Reflecting content attributes in IDL attributes</h4>
+
+ <p>Some IDL attributes are defined to <dfn id=reflect>reflect</dfn> a particular content attribute. This
+ means that on getting, the IDL attribute returns the current value of the content attribute, and
+ on setting, the IDL attribute changes the value of the content attribute to the given value.</p>
+
+<!-- v2 for completeness: (also search for REFLECTIDL)
+ <p class="note">A list of <span>reflecting IDL attributes</span> and
+ their corresponding content attributes is given in the index.</p>
+-->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>In general, on getting, if the content attribute is not present, the IDL attribute must act as
+ if the content attribute's value is the empty string; and on setting, if the content attribute is
+ not present, it must first be added.</p>
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute is a <code>DOMString</code> attribute whose content attribute is
+ defined to contain a <a href=#url>URL</a>, then on getting, the IDL attribute must <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolve</a> the value of the content attribute relative to the element
+ and return the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> if that was successful, or the empty string
+ otherwise; and on setting, must set the content attribute to the specified literal value. If the
+ content attribute is absent, the IDL attribute must return the default value, if the content
+ attribute has one, or else the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute is a <code>DOMString</code> attribute whose content attribute is
+ defined to contain one or more <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a>, then on getting, the IDL attribute
+ must <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on spaces">split the content attribute on spaces</a> and
+ return the concatenation of <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a URL">resolving</a> each token URL to an
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> relative to the element, with a single U+0020 SPACE character between
+ each URL, ignoring any tokens that did not resolve successfully. If the content attribute is
+ absent, the IDL attribute must return the default value, if the content attribute has one, or else
+ the empty string. On setting, the IDL attribute must set the content attribute to the specified
+ literal value.</p>
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute is a <code>DOMString</code> attribute whose content attribute is
+ an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a>, and the IDL attribute is <dfn id=limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known
+ values</dfn>, then, on getting, the IDL attribute must return the conforming value associated with
+ the state the attribute is in (in its canonical case), if any, or the empty string if the
+ attribute is in a state that has no associated keyword value or if the attribute is not in a defined state
+ (e.g. the attribute is missing and there is no <i>missing value default</i>); and on setting, the
+ content attribute must be set to the specified new value.</p>
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute is a <code>DOMString</code> attribute but doesn't fall into any
+ of the above categories, then the getting and setting must be done in a transparent,
+ case-preserving manner.</p>
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute is a <code title="">boolean</code> attribute, then on getting the
+ IDL attribute must return true if the content attribute is set, and false if it is absent. On
+ setting, the content attribute must be removed if the IDL attribute is set to false, and must be
+ set to the empty string if the IDL attribute is set to true. (This corresponds to the rules for
+ <a href=#boolean-attribute title="boolean attribute">boolean content attributes</a>.)</p>
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute has a signed integer type (<code>long</code>) then, on getting,
+ the content attribute must be parsed according to the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-integers title="rules for parsing
+ integers">rules for parsing signed integers</a>, and if that is successful, and the value is in
+ the range of the IDL attribute's type, the resulting value must be returned. If, on the other
+ hand, it fails or returns an out of range value, or if the attribute is absent, then the default
+ value must be returned instead, or 0 if there is no default value. On setting, the given value
+ must be converted to the shortest possible string representing the number as a <a href=#valid-integer>valid
+ integer</a> and then that string must be used as the new content attribute value.</p>
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute has a signed integer type (<code>long</code>) that is
+ <dfn id=limited-to-only-non-negative-numbers>limited to only non-negative numbers</dfn> then, on getting, the content attribute must be
+ parsed according to the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a>, and if that is
+ successful, and the value is in the range of the IDL attribute's type, the resulting value must be
+ returned. If, on the other hand, it fails or returns an out of range value, or if the attribute is
+ absent, the default value must be returned instead, or &minus;1 if there is no default value. On
+ setting, if the value is negative, the user agent must throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code>
+ exception. Otherwise, the given value must be converted to the shortest possible string
+ representing the number as a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> and then that string must be
+ used as the new content attribute value.</p>
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute has an <em>unsigned</em> integer type (<code>unsigned
+ long</code>) then, on getting, the content attribute must be parsed according to the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules
+ for parsing non-negative integers</a>, and if that is successful, and the value is in the range
+ 0 to 2147483647 inclusive, the resulting value must be returned. If, on the other hand, it fails
+ or returns an out of range value, or if the attribute is absent, the default value must be
+ returned instead, or 0 if there is no default value. On setting, first, if the new value is in the
+ range 0 to 2147483647, then let <var title="">n</var> be the new value, otherwise let <var title="">n</var> be the default value, or 0 if there is no default value; then, <var title="">n</var> must be converted to the shortest possible string representing the number as a
+ <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> and that string must be used as the new content attribute
+ value.</p>
+ <!-- see http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=10352
+ https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=586118 and
+ https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=17705 for why the
+ range is clamped to 2147483647 rather the normal unsigned long
+ maximum value of 4294967295 -->
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute has an unsigned integer type (<code>unsigned long</code>) that is
+ <dfn id=limited-to-only-non-negative-numbers-greater-than-zero>limited to only non-negative numbers greater than zero</dfn>, then the behavior is similar to
+ the previous case, but zero is not allowed. On getting, the content attribute must first be parsed
+ according to the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a>, and if that is successful,
+ and the value is in the range 1 to 2147483647 inclusive, the resulting value must be returned. If,
+ on the other hand, it fails or returns an out of range value, or if the attribute is absent, the
+ default value must be returned instead, or 1 if there is no default value. On setting, if the
+ value is zero, the user agent must throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception. Otherwise,
+ first, if the new value is in the range 1 to 2147483647, then let <var title="">n</var> be the new
+ value, otherwise let <var title="">n</var> be the default value, or 1 if there is no default
+ value; then, <var title="">n</var> must be converted to the shortest possible string representing
+ the number as a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> and that string must be used as the new
+ content attribute value.</p>
+ <!-- see previous paragraph for note about the weird range -->
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute has a floating-point number type (<code>double</code> or
+ <code>unrestricted double</code>), then, on getting, the content attribute must be parsed
+ according to the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing floating-point number values</a>, and if that is
+ successful, the resulting value must be returned. If, on the other hand, it fails, or if the
+ attribute is absent, the default value must be returned instead, or 0.0 if there is no default
+ value. On setting, the given value must be converted to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number>best representation of the
+ number as a floating-point number</a> and then that string must be used as the new content
+ attribute value.</p>
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute has a floating-point number type (<code>double</code> or
+ <code>unrestricted double</code>) that is <dfn id=limited-to-numbers-greater-than-zero>limited to numbers greater than zero</dfn>, then
+ the behavior is similar to the previous case, but zero and negative values are not allowed. On
+ getting, the content attribute must be parsed according to the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing
+ floating-point number values</a>, and if that is successful and the value is greater than 0.0,
+ the resulting value must be returned. If, on the other hand, it fails or returns an out of range
+ value, or if the attribute is absent, the default value must be returned instead, or 0.0 if there
+ is no default value. On setting, if the value is less than or equal to zero, then the value must
+ be ignored. Otherwise, the given value must be converted to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number>best representation of the
+ number as a floating-point number</a> and then that string must be used as the new content
+ attribute value.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The values Infinity and Not-a-Number (NaN) values throw an exception on setting,
+ as defined in the Web IDL specification. <a href=#refsWEBIDL>[WEBIDL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute has the type <code><a href=#domtokenlist>DOMTokenList</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a></code>, then on getting it must return a <code><a href=#domtokenlist>DOMTokenList</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a></code> object (as appropriate) whose associated element is the element
+ in question and whose associated attribute's local name is the name of the attribute in question.
+ The same <code><a href=#domtokenlist>DOMTokenList</a></code> or <code><a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a></code> object must be returned
+ every time for each attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>If a reflecting IDL attribute has the type <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>, or an interface that
+ descends from <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>, then, on getting, it must run the following algorithm
+ (stopping at the first point where a value is returned):</p>
+
+ <ol><li>If the corresponding content attribute is absent, then the IDL attribute must return
+ null.</li>
+
+ <li>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the element that the <code title=dom-Document-getElementById><a href=#dom-document-getelementbyid>document.getElementById()</a></code> method would find when
+ called on the content attribute's document if it were passed as its argument the current value of
+ the corresponding content attribute.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">candidate</var> is null, or if it is not type-compatible with the IDL
+ attribute, then the IDL attribute must return null.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, it must return <var title="">candidate</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>On setting, if the given element has an <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute, and has the
+ same <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a> as the element of the attribute being set, and the given element is
+ the first element in that <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a> whose <a href=#concept-id title=concept-ID>ID</a> is
+ the value of that <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute, then the content attribute must be
+ set to the value of that <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute. Otherwise, the content
+ attribute must be set to the empty string.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <h4 id=collections-0><span class=secno>2.7.2 </span>Collections</h4>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#htmlallcollection>HTMLAllCollection</a></code>, <code><a href=#htmlformcontrolscollection>HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code>, and <code><a href=#htmlpropertiescollection>HTMLPropertiesCollection</a></code> interfaces are
+ <a href=#collections>collections</a> derived from the <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=htmlallcollection-0><span class=secno>2.7.2.1 </span>HTMLAllCollection</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#htmlallcollection>HTMLAllCollection</a></code> interface is used for generic <a href=#collections>collections</a> of
+ elements just like <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code>, with the exception that its <code title=dom-HTMLAllCollection-namedItem><a href=#dom-htmlallcollection-nameditem>namedItem()</a></code> method returns an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> object when there are multiple matching elements, and that its <code title=dom-HTMLAllCollection-item>item()</code> method can be used as a synonym for its <code title=dom-HTMLAllCollection-namedItem><a href=#dom-htmlallcollection-nameditem>namedItem()</a></code> method. It is intended only for the
+ legacy <code title=dom-document-all><a href=#dom-document-all>document.all</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlallcollection>HTMLAllCollection</dfn> : <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> {
+ // inherits <span title=dom-HTMLCollection-length>length</span> and <a href=#dom-htmlcollection-item title=dom-HTMLCollection-item>item</a>(unsigned long index)
+ (<a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> or <a href=#element>Element</a>)? <a href=#dom-htmlallcollection-item-string title=dom-HTMLAllCollection-item-string>item</a>(DOMString name);
+ legacycaller getter (<a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> or <a href=#element>Element</a>)? <a href=#dom-htmlallcollection-nameditem title=dom-HTMLAllCollection-namedItem>namedItem</a>(DOMString name); // shadows inherited namedItem()
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLCollection-length>length</code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the number of elements in the collection.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLCollection-item><a href=#dom-htmlcollection-item>item</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the item with index <var title="">index</var> from the collection. The items are sorted in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLAllCollection-item-string><a href=#dom-htmlallcollection-item-string>item</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLAllCollection-item-string><a href=#dom-htmlallcollection-item-string>item</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLAllCollection-namedItem><a href=#dom-htmlallcollection-nameditem>namedItem</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLAllCollection-namedItem><a href=#dom-htmlallcollection-nameditem>namedItem</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">collection</var>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var> = <var title="">collection</var>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var>[<var title="">name</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the item with <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> or name <var title="">name</var> from the collection.</p>
+ <p>If there are multiple matching items, then an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> object containing all those elements is returned.</p>
+ <!-- this list only includes conforming elements: -->
+ <p>Only <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements can have a name for the purpose of this
+ method; their name is given by the value of their <code title="">name</code> attribute.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The object's <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> are as defined for
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> objects.</p>
+
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2837 -->
+ <p>The following elements are <dfn id=all-named-elements>"all"-named elements</dfn>:
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, <!-- in some browsers -->
+ <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>, <!-- in some browsers -->
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <!-- in some browsers -->
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>,
+ <!-- keygen? -->
+ <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code>, <!-- in some browsers -->
+ <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code>, <!-- in some browsers -->
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>, and
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> <!-- in some browsers -->
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> consist of the non-empty values of all the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attributes of all the elements <a href=#represented-by-the-collection>represented by the
+ collection</a>, and the non-empty values of all the <code title="">name</code> attributes of
+ all the <a href=#all-named-elements>"all"-named elements</a> <a href=#represented-by-the-collection>represented by the collection</a>, in
+ <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, ignoring later duplicates, with the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> of
+ an element preceding its <code title="">name</code> if it contributes both, they differ from each
+ other, and neither is the duplicate of an earlier entry.</p>
+
+ <p>The properties exposed in this way must be <a href=#unenumerable>unenumerable</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-htmlallcollection-item-string title=dom-HTMLAllCollection-item-string><code>item(<var title="">name</var>)</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-htmlallcollection-nameditem title=dom-HTMLAllCollection-namedItem><code>namedItem(<var title="">name</var>)</code></dfn>
+ methods must act according to the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>If <var title="">name</var> is the empty string, return null and stop the algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">collection</var> be an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> object rooted at the
+ same node as the <code><a href=#htmlallcollection>HTMLAllCollection</a></code> object on which the method was invoked, whose
+ filter matches only elements that already match the filter of the <code><a href=#htmlallcollection>HTMLAllCollection</a></code>
+ object on which the method was invoked and that are either:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><a href=#all-named-elements>"all"-named elements</a> with a <code title="">name</code> attribute
+ equal to <var title="">name</var>, or,</li>
+
+ <li>elements with an <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> equal to <var title="">name</var>.</li>
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>If, at the time the method is called, there is exactly one node in <var title="">collection</var>, then return that node and stop the algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if, at the time the method is called, <var title="">collection</var> is empty,
+ return null and stop the algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, return <var title="">collection</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=htmlformcontrolscollection-0><span class=secno>2.7.2.2 </span>HTMLFormControlsCollection</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#htmlformcontrolscollection>HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></code> interface is used for <a href=#collections>collections</a> of
+ <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed elements</a> in <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlformcontrolscollection>HTMLFormControlsCollection</dfn> : <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> {
+ // inherits <span title=dom-HTMLCollection-length>length</span> and <a href=#dom-htmlcollection-item title=dom-HTMLCollection-item>item</a>()
+ legacycaller getter (<a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a> or <a href=#element>Element</a>)? <a href=#dom-htmlformcontrolscollection-nameditem title=dom-HTMLFormControlsCollection-namedItem>namedItem</a>(DOMString name); // shadows inherited namedItem()
+};
+
+interface <dfn id=radionodelist>RadioNodeList</dfn> : <a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-radionodelist-value title=dom-RadioNodeList-value>value</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLCollection-length>length</code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the number of elements in the collection.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLCollection-item><a href=#dom-htmlcollection-item>item</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the item with index <var title="">index</var> from the collection. The items are sorted in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLFormControlsCollection-namedItem><a href=#dom-htmlformcontrolscollection-nameditem>namedItem</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">radioNodeList</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLFormControlsCollection-namedItem><a href=#dom-htmlformcontrolscollection-nameditem>namedItem</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var>[<var title="">name</var>]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the item with <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> or <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> <var title="">name</var> from the collection.</p>
+ <p>If there are multiple matching items, then a <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code> object containing all those elements is returned.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">radioNodeList</var> . <var title="">value</var> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the value of the first checked radio button represented by the object.</p>
+ <p>Can be set, to check the first radio button with the given value represented by the object.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The object's <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> are as defined for
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> objects.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> consist of the non-empty values of all the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> and <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attributes of all the
+ elements <a href=#represented-by-the-collection>represented by the collection</a>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, ignoring later
+ duplicates, with the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> of an element preceding its <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> if it contributes both, they differ from each other, and neither is the
+ duplicate of an earlier entry.</p>
+
+ <p>The properties exposed in this way must be <a href=#unenumerable>unenumerable</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-htmlformcontrolscollection-nameditem title=dom-HTMLFormControlsCollection-namedItem><code>namedItem(<var title="">name</var>)</code></dfn> method must act according to the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>If <var title="">name</var> is the empty string, return null and stop the algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li>If, at the time the method is called, there is exactly one node in the collection that has
+ either an <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute or a <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code>
+ attribute equal to <var title="">name</var>, then return that node and stop the algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if there are no nodes in the collection that have either an <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute or a <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute equal
+ to <var title="">name</var>, then return null and stop the algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, create a new <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code> object representing a <a href=#live>live</a>
+ view of the <code><a href=#htmlformcontrolscollection>HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></code> object, further filtered so that the only
+ nodes in the <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code> object are those that have either an <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute or a <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute equal
+ to <var title="">name</var>. The nodes in the <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code> object must be sorted in
+ <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Return that <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>Members of the <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code> interface inherited from the <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code>
+ interface must behave as they would on a <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-radionodelist-value title=dom-RadioNodeList-value><code>value</code></dfn> IDL attribute on the
+ <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code> object, on getting, must return the value returned by running the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">element</var> be the first element in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>
+ represented by the <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code> object that is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> state and whose <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> is true. Otherwise, let it be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">element</var> is null, or if it is an element with no <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, return the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, return the value of <var title="">element</var>'s <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>On setting, the <code title=dom-RadioNodeList-value><a href=#dom-radionodelist-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">element</var> be the first element in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>
+ represented by the <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code> object that is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> state and whose <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> content attribute is present and equal to the new value, if
+ any. Otherwise, let it be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">element</var> is not null, then set its <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> to true.</p>
+
+ </ol><!--
+http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C%21DOCTYPE%20html%3E...%0A%3Cform%20name%3D%22a%22%3E%3Cinput%20id%3D%22x%22%20name%3D%22y%22%3E%3Cinput%20name%3D%22x%22%20id%3D%22y%22%3E%3C/form%3E%0A%3Cscript%3E%0A%20%20var%20x%3B%0A%20%20w%28x%20%3D%20document.forms%5B%27a%27%5D%5B%27x%27%5D%29%3B%0A%20%20w%28x.length%29%3B%0A%20%20x%5B0%5D.parentNode.removeChild%28x%5B0%5D%29%3B%0A%20%20w%28x.length%29%3B%0A%20%20w%28x%20%3D%3D%20document.forms%5B%27a%27%5D%5B%27x%27%5D%29%3B%0A%3C/script%3E%0A
+--></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=htmloptionscollection-0><span class=secno>2.7.2.3 </span>HTMLOptionsCollection</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code> interface is used for <a href=#collections>collections</a> of
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements. It is always rooted on a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element and has
+ attributes and methods that manipulate that element's descendants.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</dfn> : <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> {
+ // inherits <a href=#dom-htmlcollection-item title=dom-HTMLCollection-item>item</a>()
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-length title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-length>length</a>; // shadows inherited length
+ <a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-nameditem title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-namedItem>legacycaller</a> <a href=#htmloptionelement>HTMLOptionElement</a>? (DOMString name);
+ <a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-setter title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-setter>setter creator</a> void (unsigned long index, <a href=#htmloptionelement>HTMLOptionElement</a>? option);
+ void <a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-add title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-add>add</a>((<a href=#htmloptionelement>HTMLOptionElement</a> or <a href=#htmloptgroupelement>HTMLOptGroupElement</a>) element, optional (<a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> or long)? before = null);
+ void <a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-remove title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-remove>remove</a>(long index);
+ attribute long <a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-selectedindex title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-selectedIndex>selectedIndex</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-length><a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-length>length</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the number of elements in the collection.</p>
+ <p>When set to a smaller number, truncates the number of <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements in the corresponding container.</p>
+ <p>When set to a greater number, adds new blank <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements to that container.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLCollection-item><a href=#dom-htmlcollection-item>item</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the item with index <var title="">index</var> from the collection. The items are sorted in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-namedItem><a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-nameditem>namedItem</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">nodeList</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-namedItem><a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-nameditem>namedItem</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var>[<var title="">name</var>]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the item with <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> or <code title=attr-option-name><a href=#attr-option-name>name</a></code> <var title="">name</var> from the collection.</p>
+ <p>If there are multiple matching items, then the first is returned.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-add><a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-add>add</a></code>(<var title="">element</var> [, <var title="">before</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Inserts <var title="">element</var> before the node given by <var title="">before</var>.</p>
+ <p>The <var title="">before</var> argument can be a number, in which case <var title="">element</var> is inserted before the item with that number, or an element from the
+ collection, in which case <var title="">element</var> is inserted before that element.</p>
+ <p>If <var title="">before</var> is omitted, null, or a number out of range, then <var title="">element</var> will be added at the end of the list.</p>
+ <p>This method will throw a <code><a href=#hierarchyrequesterror>HierarchyRequestError</a></code> exception if <var title="">element</var> is an ancestor of the element into which it is to be inserted.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-selectedIndex><a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-selectedindex>selectedIndex</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the index of the first selected item, if any, or &minus;1 if there is no selected
+ item.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the selection.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The object's <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> are as defined for
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> objects.</p>
+
+ <p>On getting, the <dfn id=dom-htmloptionscollection-length title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-length><code>length</code></dfn>
+ attribute must return the number of nodes <a href=#represented-by-the-collection>represented by the collection</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>On setting, the behavior depends on whether the new value is equal to, greater than, or less
+ than the number of nodes <a href=#represented-by-the-collection>represented by the collection</a> at that time. If the number is
+ the same, then setting the attribute must do nothing. If the new value is greater, then <var title="">n</var> new <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements with no attributes and no child nodes must be
+ appended to the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element on which the <code><a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code> is
+ rooted, where <var title="">n</var> is the difference between the two numbers (new value minus old
+ value). Mutation events must be fired as if a <code><a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a></code> containing the new
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements had been inserted. If the new value is lower, then the last <var title="">n</var> nodes in the collection must be removed from their parent nodes, where <var title="">n</var> is the difference between the two numbers (old value minus new value).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Setting <code title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-length><a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-length>length</a></code> never removes
+ or adds any <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> elements, and never adds new children to existing
+ <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> elements (though it can remove children from them).</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> consist of the non-empty values of all the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> and <code title=attr-option-name><a href=#attr-option-name>name</a></code> attributes of all the
+ elements <a href=#represented-by-the-collection>represented by the collection</a>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, ignoring later
+ duplicates, with the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> of an element preceding its <code title=attr-option-name><a href=#attr-option-name>name</a></code> if it contributes both, they differ from each other, and neither is
+ the duplicate of an earlier entry.</p>
+
+ <p>The properties exposed in this way must be <a href=#unenumerable>unenumerable</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-htmloptionscollection-nameditem title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-namedItem>legacy caller</dfn> of the
+ <code><a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code> interface must act like the <code title=dom-HTMLCollection-namedItem>namedItem()</code> method on the ancestor
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=dom-htmloptionscollection-setter title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-setter>set the value of a new
+ indexed property or set the value of an existing indexed property</dfn> for a given property index
+ <var title="">index</var> to a new value <var title="">value</var>, it must run the following
+ algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">value</var> is null, invoke the steps for the <code title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-remove><a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-remove>remove</a></code> method with <var title="">index</var> as
+ the argument, and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">length</var> be the number of nodes <a href=#represented-by-the-collection>represented by the
+ collection</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">n</var> be <var title="">index</var> minus <var title="">length</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">n</var> is greater than zero, then <a href=#concept-node-append title=concept-node-append>append</a> a <code><a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a></code> consisting of <span title=""><var title="">n</var>-1</span> new <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements with no attributes and
+ no child nodes to the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element on which the <code><a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code>
+ is rooted.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">n</var> is greater than or equal to zero, <a href=#concept-node-append title=concept-node-append>append</a> <var title="">value</var> to the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>
+ element. Otherwise, <a href=#concept-node-replace title=concept-node-replace>replace</a> the <var title="">index</var>th element in the collection by <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-htmloptionscollection-add title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-add><code>add(<var title="">element</var>, <var title="">before</var>)</code></dfn> method must act according to the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">element</var> is an ancestor of the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element on which
+ the <code><a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code> is rooted, then throw a <code><a href=#hierarchyrequesterror>HierarchyRequestError</a></code>
+ exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">before</var> is an element, but that element isn't a descendant of the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element on which the <code><a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code> is rooted, then throw
+ a <code><a href=#notfounderror>NotFoundError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">element</var> and <var title="">before</var> are the same element, then
+ return and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">before</var> is a node, then let <var title="">reference</var> be that
+ node. Otherwise, if <var title="">before</var> is an integer, and there is a <var title="">before</var>th node in the collection, let <var title="">reference</var> be that node.
+ Otherwise, let <var title="">reference</var> be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">reference</var> is not null, let <var title="">parent</var> be the parent
+ node of <var title="">reference</var>. Otherwise, let <var title="">parent</var> be the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element on which the <code><a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code> is rooted.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Act as if the DOM <code title=dom-Node-insertBefore><a href=#dom-node-insertbefore>insertBefore()</a></code> method was
+ invoked on the <var title="">parent</var> node, with <var title="">element</var> as the first
+ argument and <var title="">reference</var> as the second argument.</p>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-htmloptionscollection-remove title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-remove><code>remove(<var title="">index</var>)</code></dfn> method must act according to the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the number of nodes <a href=#represented-by-the-collection>represented by the collection</a> is zero, abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">index</var> is not a number greater than or equal to 0 and less than the
+ number of nodes <a href=#represented-by-the-collection>represented by the collection</a>, abort these steps.</li>
+ <!-- note that Web IDL converts 'a', NaN, -0.5, 0.5, most objects, and null to 0, and numbers in
+ general truncate. so what we're checking against here in a way has very little to do with what's
+ going on in the JS -->
+ <!-- objects get converted by calling ToNumber which calls ToPrimitive which eventually calls valueOf:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2828
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2833
+ -->
+ <!-- same for select.remove(), which calls this algorithm also:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2826
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2825
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2827
+ -->
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">element</var> be the <var title="">index</var>th element in the
+ collection.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove <var title="">element</var> from its parent node.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-htmloptionscollection-selectedindex title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-selectedIndex><code>selectedIndex</code></dfn> IDL
+ attribute must act like the identically named attribute on the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element on
+ which the <code><a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code> is rooted</p>
+
+ <!-- see also http://ln.hixie.ch/?start=1161042744&count=1 -->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Microdata-->
+ <h5 id=htmlpropertiescollection-0><span class=secno>2.7.2.4 </span>HTMLPropertiesCollection</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#htmlpropertiescollection>HTMLPropertiesCollection</a></code> interface is used for <a href=#collections>collections</a> of
+ elements that add <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the properties of an item">name-value pairs</a> to a particular
+ <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> in the <a href=#microdata>microdata</a> model.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlpropertiescollection>HTMLPropertiesCollection</dfn> : <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> {
+ // inherits <span title=dom-HTMLCollection-length>length</span> and <a href=#dom-htmlcollection-item title=dom-HTMLCollection-item>item</a>()
+ getter <a href=#propertynodelist>PropertyNodeList</a>? <a href=#dom-htmlpropertiescollection-nameditem title=dom-HTMLPropertiesCollection-namedItem>namedItem</a>(DOMString name); // shadows inherited namedItem()
+ readonly attribute DOMString[] <a href=#dom-htmlpropertiescollection-names title=dom-HTMLPropertiesCollection-names>names</a>;
+};
+
+typedef sequence&lt;any&gt; <dfn id=propertyvaluearray>PropertyValueArray</dfn>;
+
+interface <dfn id=propertynodelist>PropertyNodeList</dfn> : <a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a> {
+ <a href=#propertyvaluearray>PropertyValueArray</a> <a href=#dom-propertynodelist-getvalues title=dom-PropertyNodeList-getValues>getValues</a>();
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLCollection-length>length</code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the number of elements in the collection.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLCollection-item><a href=#dom-htmlcollection-item>item</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the element with index <var title="">index</var> from the collection. The items are sorted in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">propertyNodeList</var> = <var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLPropertiesCollection-namedItem><a href=#dom-htmlpropertiescollection-nameditem>namedItem</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#propertynodelist>PropertyNodeList</a></code> object containing any elements that add a property named <var title="">name</var>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var>[<var title="">name</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#propertynodelist>PropertyNodeList</a></code> object containing any elements that add a property named <var title="">name</var>. The <var title="">name</var> index has to be one of the values listed in the <code title=dom-HTMLPropertiesCollection-names><a href=#dom-htmlpropertiescollection-names>names</a></code> list.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">collection</var> . <code title=dom-HTMLPropertiesCollection-names><a href=#dom-htmlpropertiescollection-names>names</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns an array with the <a href=#property-names>property names</a> of the elements in the collection.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">propertyNodeList</var> . <code title=dom-PropertyNodeList-getVlues>getValues</code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns an array of the various values that the relevant elements have.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The object's <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> are as defined for
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> objects.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> consist of the <a href=#property-names>property names</a> of all the
+ elements <a href=#represented-by-the-collection>represented by the collection</a>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, ignoring later
+ duplicates.</p>
+
+ <p>The properties exposed in this way must be <a href=#unenumerable>unenumerable</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-htmlpropertiescollection-names title=dom-HTMLPropertiesCollection-names><code>names</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return a <a href=#live>live</a> <a href=#dfn-read-only-array title=dfn-read-only-array>read only</a> array object giving
+ the <a href=#property-names>property names</a> of all the elements <a href=#represented-by-the-collection>represented by the collection</a>,
+ listed in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, but with duplicates removed, leaving only the first occurrence
+ of each name. The same object must be returned each time.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-htmlpropertiescollection-nameditem title=dom-HTMLPropertiesCollection-namedItem><code>namedItem(<var title="">name</var>)</code></dfn> method must return a <code><a href=#propertynodelist>PropertyNodeList</a></code> object
+ representing a <a href=#live>live</a> view of the <code><a href=#htmlpropertiescollection>HTMLPropertiesCollection</a></code> object, further
+ filtered so that the only nodes in the <code><a href=#propertynodelist>PropertyNodeList</a></code> object are those that have a
+ <a href=#property-names title="property names">property name</a> equal to <var title="">name</var>. The nodes in
+ the <code><a href=#propertynodelist>PropertyNodeList</a></code> object must be sorted in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, and the same
+ object must be returned each time a particular <var title="">name</var> is queried.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Members of the <code><a href=#propertynodelist>PropertyNodeList</a></code> interface inherited from the <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code>
+ interface must behave as they would on a <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-propertynodelist-getvalues title=dom-PropertyNodeList-getValues><code>getValues</code></dfn> method the
+ <code><a href=#propertynodelist>PropertyNodeList</a></code> object must return a newly constructed array whose values are the
+ values obtained from the <code title=dom-itemValue><a href=#dom-itemvalue>itemValue</a></code> IDL attribute of each of the
+ elements represented by the object, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <h4 id=domstringmap-0><span class=secno>2.7.3 </span>DOMStringMap</h4>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#domstringmap>DOMStringMap</a></code> interface represents a set of name-value pairs. It exposes these
+ using the scripting language's native mechanisms for property access.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#domstringmap>DOMStringMap</a></code> object is instantiated, it is associated with three
+ algorithms, one for getting the list of name-value pairs, one for setting names to certain values,
+ and one for deleting names.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[OverrideBuiltins, Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=domstringmap>DOMStringMap</dfn> {
+ <a href=#dom-domstringmap-nameditem title=dom-DOMStringMap-namedItem>getter</a> DOMString (DOMString name);
+ <a href=#dom-domstringmap-setitem title=dom-DOMStringMap-setItem>setter</a> <a href=#dom-domstringmap-additem title=dom-DOMStringMap-addItem>creator</a> void (DOMString name, DOMString value);
+ <a href=#dom-domstringmap-removeitem title=dom-DOMStringMap-removeItem>deleter</a> void (DOMString name);
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> on a <code><a href=#domstringmap>DOMStringMap</a></code> object at any instant
+ are the names of each pair returned from the algorithm for getting the list of name-value pairs at
+ that instant, in the order returned.</p>
+
+ <p>To <dfn id=dom-domstringmap-nameditem title=dom-DOMStringMap-namedItem>determine the value of a named property</dfn> <var title="">name</var> in a <code><a href=#domstringmap>DOMStringMap</a></code>, the user agent must return the value component
+ of the name-value pair whose name component is <var title="">name</var> in the list returned by
+ the algorithm for getting the list of name-value pairs.</p>
+
+ <p>To set the value of a <dfn id=dom-domstringmap-additem title=dom-DOMStringMap-addItem>new</dfn> or <dfn id=dom-domstringmap-setitem title=dom-DOMStringMap-setItem>existing</dfn> named property <var title="">name</var> to value
+ <var title="">value</var>, the algorithm for setting names to certain values must be run, passing
+ <var title="">name</var> as the name and the result of converting <var title="">value</var> to a
+ <code>DOMString</code> as the value.</p>
+
+ <p>To <dfn id=dom-domstringmap-removeitem title=dom-DOMStringMap-removeItem>delete an existing named property</dfn> <var title="">name</var>, the algorithm for deleting names must be run, passing <var title="">name</var> as the name.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#domstringmap>DOMStringMap</a></code> interface definition here is only intended for
+ JavaScript environments. Other language bindings will need to define how <code><a href=#domstringmap>DOMStringMap</a></code>
+ is to be implemented for those languages.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-dataset><a href=#dom-dataset>dataset</a></code> attribute on elements exposes the <code title=attr-data-*><a href=#attr-data-*>data-*</a></code> attributes on the element.</p>
+
+ <p>Given the following fragment and elements with similar constructions:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;img class="tower" id="tower5" data-<!---->x="12" data-y="5"
+ data-ai="robotarget" data-hp="46" data-ability="flames"
+ src="towers/rocket.png alt="Rocket Tower"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>...one could imagine a function <code title="">splashDamage()</code> that takes some arguments, the first
+ of which is the element to process:</p>
+
+ <pre>function splashDamage(node, x, y, damage) {
+ if (node.classList.contains('tower') &amp;&amp; // checking the 'class' attribute
+ node.dataset.x == x &amp;&amp; // reading the 'data-x' attribute
+ node.dataset.y == y) { // reading the 'data-y' attribute
+ var hp = parseInt(node.dataset.hp); // reading the 'data-hp' attribute
+ hp = hp - damage;
+ if (hp &lt; 0) {
+ hp = 0;
+ node.dataset.ai = 'dead'; // setting the 'data-ai' attribute
+ delete node.dataset.ability; // removing the 'data-ability' attribute
+ }
+ node.dataset.hp = hp; // setting the 'data-hp' attribute
+ }
+}</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=domelementmap-0><span class=secno>2.7.4 </span>DOMElementMap</h4>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#domelementmap>DOMElementMap</a></code> interface represents a set of name-element mappings. It exposes
+ these using the scripting language's native mechanisms for property access.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#domelementmap>DOMElementMap</a></code> object is instantiated, it is associated with three
+ algorithms, one for getting the list of name-element mappings, one for mapping a name to a certain
+ element, and one for deleting mappings by name.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=domelementmap>DOMElementMap</dfn> {
+ <a href=#dom-domelementmap-nameditem title=dom-DOMElementMap-namedItem>getter</a> <a href=#element>Element</a> (DOMString name);
+ <a href=#dom-domelementmap-setitem title=dom-DOMElementMap-setItem>setter</a> <a href=#dom-domelementmap-additem title=dom-DOMElementMap-addItem>creator</a> void (DOMString name, <a href=#element>Element</a> value);
+ <a href=#dom-domelementmap-removeitem title=dom-DOMElementMap-removeItem>deleter</a> void (DOMString name);
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> on a <code><a href=#domelementmap>DOMElementMap</a></code> object at any instant
+ are the names for each mapping returned from the algorithm for getting the list of name-element
+ mappings at that instant, in the order returned.</p>
+
+ <p>To <dfn id=dom-domelementmap-nameditem title=dom-DOMElementMap-namedItem>determine the value of a named property</dfn> <var title="">name</var> in a <code><a href=#domelementmap>DOMElementMap</a></code>, the user agent must return the element
+ component of the name-element mapping whose name component is <var title="">name</var> in the list
+ returned by the algorithm for getting the list of name-element mappings.</p>
+
+ <p>To set the value of a <dfn id=dom-domelementmap-additem title=dom-DOMElementMap-addItem>new</dfn> or <dfn id=dom-domelementmap-setitem title=dom-DOMElementMap-setItem>existing</dfn> named property <var title="">name</var> to value
+ <var title="">value</var>, the algorithm for mapping a name to a certain element must be run,
+ passing <var title="">name</var> as the name <var title="">value</var> as the element.</p>
+
+ <p>To <dfn id=dom-domelementmap-removeitem title=dom-DOMElementMap-removeItem>delete an existing named property</dfn> <var title="">name</var>, the algorithm for deleting mappings must be run, passing <var title="">name</var> as the name component of the mapping to be deleted.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#domelementmap>DOMElementMap</a></code> interface definition here is only intended for
+ JavaScript environments. Other language bindings will need to define how
+ <code><a href=#domelementmap>DOMElementMap</a></code> is to be implemented for those languages.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=transferable-objects><span class=secno>2.7.5 </span>Transferable objects</h4>
+
+ <p>Some objects support being copied and closed in one operation. This is called
+ <i>transferring</i> the object, and is used in particular to transfer ownership of unsharable or
+ expensive resources across worker boundaries.</p>
+
+ <p>The following <code><a href=#transferable>Transferable</a></code> types exist:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> (defined in this specification)
+ <li><code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> (defined in this specification)
+ </ul><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The following IDL block formalizes this:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>typedef (<a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a> or <a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a> or <a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a>) <dfn id=transferable>Transferable</dfn>;</pre>
+
+ <p>To <dfn id=transfer-a-transferable-object>transfer a <code>Transferable</code> object</dfn> to a new owner, the user agent must
+ run the steps defined for the type of object in question. The steps will return a new object of
+ the same type, and will permanently <dfn id=concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-Transferable-neutered>neuter</dfn> the
+ original object. (This is an irreversible and non-idempotent operation; once an object has been
+ transferred, it cannot be transferred, or indeed used, again.)</p>
+
+ <p id=transferArrayBuffer>To <a href=#transfer-a-transferable-object title="transfer a Transferable object">transfer</a> an
+ <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> object <var title="">old</var> to a new owner <var title="">owner</var>, a user agent must create a new <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> object pointing at
+ the same underlying data as <var title="">old</var>, thus obtaining <var title="">new</var>,
+ must <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-Transferable-neutered>neuter</a> the <var title="">old</var>
+ object, and must finally return <var title="">new</var>. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+ <!-- I'm expecting this section to move to the JS spec eventually so I'm leaving it as is for now -->
+
+ <p class=note>Rules for how to <a href=#transferCanvasProxy>transfer a
+ <code>CanvasProxy</code> object</a> and how to <a href=#transferMessagePort>transfer a
+ <code>MessagePort</code> object</a> are given in the relevant sections of this specification.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=safe-passing-of-structured-data><span class=secno>2.7.6 </span>Safe passing of structured data</h4>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is required to obtain a <dfn id=structured-clone>structured clone</dfn> of a value, optionally
+ with a <i>transfer map</i>, it must run the following algorithm, which either returns a separate
+ value, or throws an exception. If a <i>transfer map</i> is provided, it consists of an association
+ list of <code><a href=#transferable>Transferable</a></code> objects to placeholder objects.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the value being cloned.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">transfer map</var> be the <i>transfer map</i> passed to the algorithm,
+ if any, or the empty list otherwise.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">memory</var> be an association list of pairs of objects, initially
+ empty. This is used to handle duplicate references. In each pair of objects, one is called the
+ <em><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></em> object and the other the <em>destination</em> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each mapping in <var title="">transfer map</var>, add a mapping from the
+ <code><a href=#transferable>Transferable</a></code> object (the source object) to the placeholder object (the destination
+ object) to <var title="">memory</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be the value resulting from calling the <a href=#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm>internal
+ structured cloning algorithm</a> with <var title="">input</var> as the "<var title="">input</var>" argument, and <var title="">memory</var> as the "<var title="">memory</var>" argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=internal-structured-cloning-algorithm>internal structured cloning algorithm</dfn> is always called with two arguments, <var title="">input</var> and <var title="">memory</var>, and its behavior is as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">input</var> is the source object of a pair of objects in <var title="">memory</var>, then return the destination object in that pair of objects and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">input</var> is a primitive value, then return that value and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">deep clone</var> be <i>none</i>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">input</var> value is an object. Jump to the appropriate step below:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">input</var> is a <code>Boolean</code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed Boolean object with the same value
+ as <var title="">input</var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is a <code>Number</code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed Number object with the same value
+ as <var title="">input</var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is a <code>String</code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed String object with the same value
+ as <var title="">input</var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is a <code>Date</code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed <code>Date</code> object with the
+ same value as <var title="">input</var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is a <code>RegExp</code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed <code>RegExp</code> object with the
+ same pattern and flags as <var title="">input</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The value of the <code title="">lastIndex</code> property is not copied.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is a <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>If <var title="">input</var> has been disabled through the <code title=dom-Blob-close><a href=#dom-blob-close>close()</a></code> method, throw a <code><a href=#datacloneerror>DataCloneError</a></code> exception
+ and abort the overall <a href=#structured-clone>structured clone</a> algorithm. Otherwise, let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed object of the same class as <var title="">input</var>, corresponding to the same underlying data.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is a <code><a href=#filelist>FileList</a></code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed <code><a href=#filelist>FileList</a></code> object
+ containing a list of newly constructed <code><a href=#file>File</a></code> objects corresponding to the same
+ underlying data as those in <var title="">input</var>, maintaining their relative
+ order.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is an <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object
+ whose <code title=dom-imagedata-width><a href=#dom-imagedata-width>width</a></code> and <code title=dom-imagedata-height><a href=#dom-imagedata-height>height</a></code> have values equal to the corresponding attributes
+ on <var title="">input</var>, and whose <code title=dom-imagedata-data><a href=#dom-imagedata-data>data</a></code>
+ attribute has the value obtained from invoking the <a href=#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm>internal structured cloning
+ algorithm</a> recursively with the value of the <code title=dom-imagedata-data><a href=#dom-imagedata-data>data</a></code> attribute on <var title="">input</var> as the new
+ "<var title="">input</var>" argument and <var title="">memory</var> as the new "<var title="">memory</var>" argument.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is an <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object
+ whose bitmap data is a copy of <var title="">input</var>'s bitmap data.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is an <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>If <var title="">input</var> has been <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-Transferable-neutered>neutered</a>, throw a <code><a href=#datacloneerror>DataCloneError</a></code>
+ exception and abort the overall <a href=#structured-clone>structured clone</a> algorithm. Otherwise, let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> object whose contents
+ are a copy of <var title="">input</var>'s contents, with the same length.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is an object with a [[DataView]] internal slot</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed object of the same class as <var title="">input</var>, with its [[DataView]] internal property present, its
+ [[ViewedArrayBuffer]] internal property set to the value obtained from invoking the
+ <a href=#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm>internal structured cloning algorithm</a> recursively with the value of the internal
+ property on <var title="">input</var> as the new "<var title="">input</var>" argument and
+ <var title="">memory</var> as the new "<var title="">memory</var>" argument, and with the
+ [[ByteLength]] and [[ByteOffset]] internal properties set to the same value as their
+ counterparts on <var title="">input</var>.</p>
+
+ <!-- the above might not make much sense, but it'll become moot when JS takes over defining
+ how to clone ArrayBufferView objects -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is an <code>Array</code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed empty <code>Array</code> object
+ whose <code title="">length</code> is equal to the <code title="">length</code> of <var title="">input</var>, and set <var title="">deep clone</var> to <i>own</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This means that the length of sparse arrays is preserved.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is an <code title="">Object</code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed empty <code title="">Object</code> object, and set <var title="">deep clone</var> to <i>own</i>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is a <code title="">Map</code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed empty <code title="">Map</code>
+ object, and set <var title="">deep clone</var> to <i><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></i>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is a <code>Set</code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a newly constructed empty <code title="">Set</code>
+ object, and set <var title="">deep clone</var> to <i>set</i>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is an object that another specification defines how to clone</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a clone of the object as defined by the other
+ specification.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is another native object type (e.g. <code>Error</code>,
+ <code>Function</code>)</dt>
+ <dt>If <var title="">input</var> is a host object (e.g. a DOM node)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Throw a <code><a href=#datacloneerror>DataCloneError</a></code> exception and abort the overall <a href=#structured-clone>structured
+ clone</a> algorithm.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>For the purposes of the algorithm above, an object is a particular type of object <var title="">class</var> if its [[Class]] internal property is equal to <var title="">class</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, "<var title="">input</var> is an <code title="">Object</code>
+ object" if <var title="">input</var>'s [[Class]] internal property is equal to the string
+ "<code title="">Object</code>".</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Add a mapping from <var title="">input</var> (the source object) to <var title="">output</var> (the destination object) to <var title="">memory</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">deep clone</var> is set to <i><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></i>, then run these substeps. These
+ substeps use the terminology and typographic conventions used in the JavaScript specification's
+ definition of Maps. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">source</var> be the List that is the value of <var title="">input</var>'s [[MapData]] internal slot, if any. If there is no such slot, then
+ instead throw a <code><a href=#datacloneerror>DataCloneError</a></code> exception and abort the overall <a href=#structured-clone>structured
+ clone</a> algorithm. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">target</var> be the List that is the value of <var title="">output</var>'s [[MapData]] internal slot.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each Record {[[key]], [[value]]} <var title="">entry</var> that is an element of
+ <var title="">source</var>, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">key</var> have the value obtained from invoking the
+ <a href=#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm>internal structured cloning algorithm</a> recursively with <var title="">entry</var>.[[key]] as the new "<var title="">input</var>" argument and <var title="">memory</var> as the new "<var title="">memory</var>" argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> have the value obtained from invoking the
+ <a href=#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm>internal structured cloning algorithm</a> recursively with <var title="">entry</var>.[[value]] as the new "<var title="">input</var>" argument and <var title="">memory</var> as the new "<var title="">memory</var>" argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new entry</var> be the Record {[[key]]: <var title="">key</var>,
+ [[value]]: <var title="">value</var>}.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append <var title="">new entry</var> as the last element of <var title="">target</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">deep clone</var> to <i>own</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">deep clone</var> is set to <i>set</i>, then run these substeps. These
+ substeps use the terminology and typographic conventions used in the JavaScript specification's
+ definition of Sets. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">source</var> be the List that is the value of <var title="">input</var>'s [[SetData]] internal slot, if any. If there is no such slot, then
+ instead throw a <code><a href=#datacloneerror>DataCloneError</a></code> exception and abort the overall <a href=#structured-clone>structured
+ clone</a> algorithm. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">target</var> be the List that is the value of <var title="">output</var>'s [[SetData]] internal slot.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each <var title="">entry</var> that is an element of <var title="">source</var> that
+ is not <i>empty</i>, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">new entry</var> have the value obtained from invoking the
+ <a href=#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm>internal structured cloning algorithm</a> recursively with <var title="">entry</var> as the new "<var title="">input</var>" argument and <var title="">memory</var> as the new "<var title="">memory</var>" argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append <var title="">new entry</var> as the last element of <var title="">target</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">deep clone</var> to <i>own</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">deep clone</var> is set to <i>own</i>, then, for each enumerable own
+ property in <var title="">input</var>, run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">name</var> be the name of the property.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">source value</var> be the result of calling the [[Get]] internal
+ method of <var title="">input</var> with the argument <var title="">name</var>. If the
+ [[Get]] internal method of a property involved executing script, and that script threw an
+ uncaught exception, then abort the overall <a href=#structured-clone>structured clone</a> algorithm, with that
+ exception being passed through to the caller.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">cloned value</var> be the result of invoking the <a href=#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm>internal
+ structured cloning algorithm</a> recursively with <var title="">source value</var> as the
+ "<var title="">input</var>" argument and <var title="">memory</var> as the "<var title="">memory</var>" argument. If this results in an exception, then abort the overall
+ <a href=#structured-clone>structured clone</a> algorithm, with that exception being passed through to the
+ caller.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add a new property to <var title="">output</var> having the name <var title="">name</var>, and having the value <var title="">cloned value</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The order of the properties in the <var title="">input</var> and <var title="">output</var>
+ objects must be the same, and any properties whose [[Get]] internal method involves running
+ script must be processed in that same order.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This does not walk the prototype chain.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Property descriptors, setters, getters, and analogous features are not copied in
+ this process. For example, the property in the input could be marked as read-only, but in the
+ output it would just have the default state (typically read-write, though that could depend on
+ the scripting environment).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Properties of Array objects are not treated any differently than those of other
+ Objects. In particular, this means that non-index properties of arrays are copied as well.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This algorithm preserves cycles and preserves the identity of duplicate objects in
+ graphs.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=callbacks><span class=secno>2.7.7 </span>Callbacks</h4>
+
+ <p>The following callback function type is used in various APIs that interact with
+ <code><a href=#file>File</a></code> objects:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>callback <dfn id=filecallback>FileCallback</dfn> = void (<a href=#file>File</a> file);</pre>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=garbage-collection><span class=secno>2.7.8 </span>Garbage collection</h4>
+
+ <p>There is an <dfn id=implied-strong-reference>implied strong reference</dfn> from any IDL attribute that returns a
+ pre-existing object to that object.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, the <code>document.location</code> attribute means that there is a strong
+ reference from a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object to its <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object. Similarly,
+ there is always a strong reference from a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> to any descendant nodes, and from
+ any node to its owner <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML Syntax and Parsing-->
+ <h3 id=namespaces><span class=secno>2.8 </span>Namespaces</h3>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</code></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML</code></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=svg-namespace>SVG namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/2000/svg</code></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink</code></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=xml-namespace>XML namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace</code></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=xmlns-namespace>XMLNS namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/</code></p>
+
+ <hr><p>Data mining tools and other user agents that perform operations
+ on content without running scripts, evaluating CSS or XPath
+ expressions, or otherwise exposing the resulting DOM to arbitrary
+ content, may "support namespaces" by just asserting that their DOM
+ node analogues are in certain namespaces, without actually exposing
+ the above strings.</p>
+
+ <hr><p class=note>In <a href=#syntax>the HTML syntax</a>, namespace prefixes
+ and namespace declarations do not have the same effect as in XML.
+ For instance, the colon has no special meaning in HTML element
+ names.</p>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <h2 id=dom><span class=secno>3 </span>Semantics, structure, and APIs of HTML documents</h2>
+
+ <h3 id=documents><span class=secno>3.1 </span>Documents</h3>
+
+ <p>Every XML and HTML document in an HTML UA is represented by a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+
+ <p><dfn id="the-document's-address">The document's address</dfn> is the <i title=concept-document-URL>URL associated with a
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code></i> (as defined in the DOM standard). It is initially set when the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created, but that can change during the lifetime of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>; for example, it changes when the user <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigates</a> to a <a href=#scroll-to-fragid title=navigate-fragid>fragment identifier</a>
+ on the page and when the <code title=dom-history-pushState><a href=#dom-history-pushstate>pushState()</a></code> method is called
+ with a new <a href=#url>URL</a>. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+ <!--
+ http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/dom/level0/history/pushState/002/
+ http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/html/navigation/fragids/016.html
+ -->
+
+ <p class=warning>Interactive user agents typically expose <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> in
+ their user interface. This is the primary mechanism by which a user can tell if a site is
+ attempting to impersonate another.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created by a <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> using
+ the <code title=dom-DOMImplementation-createDocument><a href=#dom-domimplementation-createdocument>createDocument()</a></code> or <code title=dom-DOMImplementation-createHTMLDocument><a href=#dom-domimplementation-createhtmldocument>createHTMLDocument()</a></code> APIs, <a href="#the-document's-address">the
+ document's address</a> is the same as <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> of the
+ <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a> specified by the script's <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a>, and the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is both <a href=#ready-for-post-load-tasks>ready for post-load tasks</a> and <a href=#completely-loaded>completely
+ loaded</a> immediately.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id="the-document's-referrer">The document's referrer</dfn> is an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> that can be set when the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created. If it is not explicitly set, then its value is the empty
+ string.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object has a <dfn id=reload-override-flag>reload override flag</dfn> that is originally
+ unset. The flag is set by the <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code> and <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.write()</a></code> methods in certain situations. When the flag is
+ set, the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> also has a <dfn id=reload-override-buffer>reload override buffer</dfn> which is a Unicode
+ string that is used as the source of the document when it is reloaded.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to perform <dfn id=an-overridden-reload>an overridden reload</dfn>, given a <a href=#source-browsing-context>source
+ browsing context</a>, it must act as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">source</var> be the value of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s
+ <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s <a href=#reload-override-buffer>reload override buffer</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">address</var> be the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a>'s <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">address</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#navigate>Navigate</a><!--DONAV reload after d.open()--> the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to
+ a resource whose source is <var title="">source</var>, with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>
+ and <a href=#exceptions-enabled>exceptions enabled</a>. The <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a> is that given to
+ the <a href=#an-overridden-reload title="an overridden reload">overridden reload</a> algorithm. When the
+ <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm creates a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object for this purpose, set
+ that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#reload-override-flag>reload override flag</a> and set its <a href=#reload-override-buffer>reload override
+ buffer</a> to <var title="">source</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>When it comes time to <a href="#set-the-document's-address">set the document's address</a> in the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation algorithm</a>, use <var title="">address</var> as the
+ <a href=#override-url>override URL</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+
+ </ol><h4 id=the-document-object><span class=secno>3.1.1 </span>The <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object</h4>
+
+ <p>The DOM specification defines a <code title="DOM Document"><a href=#dom-document>Document</a></code> interface, which
+ this specification extends significantly:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>enum <dfn id=documentreadystate>DocumentReadyState</dfn> { "loading", "interactive", "complete" };
+
+[OverrideBuiltins]
+partial /*sealed*/ interface <dfn id=document>Document</dfn> {
+ // <a href=#resource-metadata-management>resource metadata management</a>
+ [PutForwards=<a href=#dom-url-href title=dom-url-href>href</a>, Unforgeable] readonly attribute <a href=#location>Location</a>? <a href=#dom-document-location title=dom-document-location>location</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-document-domain title=dom-document-domain>domain</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-document-referrer title=dom-document-referrer>referrer</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-document-cookie title=dom-document-cookie>cookie</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-document-lastmodified title=dom-document-lastModified>lastModified</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#documentreadystate>DocumentReadyState</a> <a href=#dom-document-readystate title=dom-document-readyState>readyState</a>;
+
+ // <a href=#dom-tree-accessors>DOM tree accessors</a>
+ <a href=#dom-document-nameditem title=dom-document-namedItem>getter</a> object (DOMString name);
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#document.title title=dom-document-title>title</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-document-dir title=dom-document-dir>dir</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a>? <a href=#dom-document-body title=dom-document-body>body</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlheadelement>HTMLHeadElement</a>? <a href=#dom-document-head title=dom-document-head>head</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-document-images title=dom-document-images>images</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-document-embeds title=dom-document-embeds>embeds</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-document-plugins title=dom-document-plugins>plugins</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-document-links title=dom-document-links>links</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-document-forms title=dom-document-forms>forms</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-document-scripts title=dom-document-scripts>scripts</a>;
+ NodeList <a href=#dom-document-getelementsbyname title=dom-document-getElementsByName>getElementsByName</a>(DOMString elementName);
+ NodeList <a href=#dom-document-getitems title=dom-document-getItems>getItems</a>(optional DOMString typeNames = ""); // <a href=#microdata>microdata</a>
+ readonly attribute <a href=#domelementmap>DOMElementMap</a> <a href=#dom-document-csselementmap title=dom-document-cssElementMap>cssElementMap</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlscriptelement>HTMLScriptElement</a>? <a href=#dom-document-currentscript title=dom-document-currentScript>currentScript</a>;
+
+ // <a href=#dynamic-markup-insertion>dynamic markup insertion</a>
+ <a href=#document>Document</a> <a href=#dom-document-open title=dom-document-open>open</a>(optional DOMString type = "text/html", optional DOMString replace = "");
+ <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a> <a href=#dom-document-open title=dom-document-open>open</a>(DOMString url, DOMString name, DOMString features, optional boolean replace = false);
+ void <a href=#dom-document-close title=dom-document-close>close</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-document-write title=dom-document-write>write</a>(DOMString... text);
+ void <a href=#dom-document-writeln title=dom-document-writeln>writeln</a>(DOMString... text);
+
+ // <a href=#editing>user interaction</a>
+ readonly attribute <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a>? <a href=#dom-document-defaultview title=dom-document-defaultView>defaultView</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#element>Element</a>? <a href=#dom-document-activeelement title=dom-document-activeElement>activeElement</a>;
+ boolean <a href=#dom-document-hasfocus title=dom-document-hasFocus>hasFocus</a>();
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#designMode title=dom-document-designMode>designMode</a>;
+ boolean <a href=#execCommand title=dom-document-execCommand>execCommand</a>(DOMString commandId, optional boolean showUI = false, optional DOMString value = "");
+ boolean <a href=#dom-document-querycommandenabled title=dom-document-queryCommandEnabled>queryCommandEnabled</a>(DOMString commandId);
+ boolean <a href=#dom-document-querycommandindeterm title=dom-document-queryCommandIndeterm>queryCommandIndeterm</a>(DOMString commandId);
+ boolean <a href=#dom-document-querycommandstate title=dom-document-queryCommandState>queryCommandState</a>(DOMString commandId);
+ boolean <a href=#dom-document-querycommandsupported title=dom-document-queryCommandSupported>queryCommandSupported</a>(DOMString commandId);
+ DOMString <a href=#dom-document-querycommandvalue title=dom-document-queryCommandValue>queryCommandValue</a>(DOMString commandId);
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-document-commands title=dom-document-commands>commands</a>;
+
+ // special <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a> that only apply to Document objects
+ [LenientThis] attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onreadystatechange title=handler-onreadystatechange>onreadystatechange</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#Document-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};
+<a href=#document>Document</a> implements <a href=#globaleventhandlers>GlobalEventHandlers</a>;</pre>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=resource-metadata-management><span class=secno>3.1.2 </span><dfn>Resource metadata management</dfn></h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-referrer><a href=#dom-document-referrer>referrer</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">the address</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ from which the user navigated to this one, unless it was blocked or there was no such document,
+ in which case it returns the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-noreferrer><a href=#link-type-noreferrer>noreferrer</a></code> link type can be used to block the
+ referrer.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-referrer title=dom-document-referrer><code>referrer</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ <a href="#the-document's-referrer">the document's referrer</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>In the case of HTTP, the <code title=dom-document-referrer><a href=#dom-document-referrer>referrer</a></code> IDL
+ attribute will match the <code title=http-referer>Referer</code> (sic) header that was sent when
+ <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching</a> the current page.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Typically user agents are configured to not report referrers in the case where the
+ referrer uses an encrypted protocol and the current page does not (e.g. when navigating from an
+ <code title="">https:</code> page to an <code title="">http:</code> page).</p>
+
+ <hr><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-cookie><a href=#dom-document-cookie>cookie</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the HTTP cookies that apply to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>. If there are no cookies or
+ cookies can't be applied to this resource, the empty string will be returned.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to add a new cookie to the element's set of HTTP cookies.</p>
+
+ <p>If the contents are <a href=#sandboxed-origin-browsing-context-flag title="sandboxed origin browsing context flag">sandboxed into a
+ unique origin</a> (e.g. in an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> with the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code> attribute), a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception
+ will be thrown on getting and setting.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-cookie title=dom-document-cookie><code>cookie</code></dfn> attribute represents the cookies
+ of the resource identified by <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object that falls into one of the following conditions is a
+ <dfn id=cookie-averse-document-object>cookie-averse <code>Document</code> object</dfn>:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that has no <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> whose <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">address</a> does not
+ use a server-based naming authority.</li>
+
+ </ul><!--Other specifications can also define <code>Document</code> objects as being <span
+ title="cookie-averse Document object">cookie-averse <code>Document</code> objects</span>.--><p id=sandboxCookies>On getting, if the document is a <a href=#cookie-averse-document-object>cookie-averse <code>Document</code>
+ object</a>, then the user agent must return the empty string. Otherwise, if the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#origin>origin</a> is not a scheme/host/port tuple, the user agent must
+ throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception. Otherwise, the user agent must first <a href=#obtain-the-storage-mutex>obtain
+ the storage mutex</a> and then return the cookie-string for <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a>
+ for a "non-HTTP" API, decoded using the <a href=#utf-8-decoder>UTF-8 decoder</a>. <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a>
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>On setting, if the document is a <a href=#cookie-averse-document-object>cookie-averse <code>Document</code> object</a>, then
+ the user agent must do nothing. Otherwise, if the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#origin>origin</a> is
+ not a scheme/host/port tuple, the user agent must throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception.
+ Otherwise, the user agent must <a href=#obtain-the-storage-mutex>obtain the storage mutex</a> and then act as it would when
+ <a href=#receives-a-set-cookie-string title="receives a set-cookie-string">receiving a set-cookie-string</a> for <a href="#the-document's-address">the
+ document's address</a> via a "non-HTTP" API, consisting of the new value encoded as UTF-8. <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a> <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>Since the <code title=dom-document-cookie><a href=#dom-document-cookie>cookie</a></code> attribute is accessible
+ across frames, the path restrictions on cookies are only a tool to help manage which cookies are
+ sent to which parts of the site, and are not in any way a security feature.</p>
+
+ <hr></div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-lastmodified><a href=#dom-document-lastmodified>lastModified</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the date of the last modification to the document, as reported by the server, in the
+ form "<code title="">MM/DD/YYYY&nbsp;hh:mm:ss</code>", in the user's local time zone.</p>
+ <p>If the last modification date is not known, the current time is returned instead.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-lastmodified title=dom-document-lastModified><code>lastModified</code></dfn> attribute, on
+ getting, must return the date and time of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s source file's last
+ modification, in the user's local time zone, in the following format:</p>
+
+ <ol><li> The month component of the date. </li>
+
+ <li> A U+002F SOLIDUS character (/). </li>
+
+ <li> The day component of the date. </li>
+
+ <li> A U+002F SOLIDUS character (/). </li>
+
+ <li> The year component of the date. </li>
+
+ <li> A U+0020 SPACE character. </li>
+
+ <li> The hours component of the time. </li>
+
+ <li> A U+003A COLON character (:). </li>
+
+ <li> The minutes component of the time. </li>
+
+ <li> A U+003A COLON character (:). </li>
+
+ <li> The seconds component of the time. </li>
+
+ </ol><p>All the numeric components above, other than the year, must be given as two <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII
+ digits</a> representing the number in base ten, zero-padded if necessary. The year must be
+ given as the shortest possible string of four or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a> representing the
+ number in base ten, zero-padded if necessary.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s source file's last modification date and time must be derived from
+ relevant features of the networking protocols used, e.g. from the value of the HTTP <code title=http-last-modified>Last-Modified</code> header of the document, or from metadata in the
+ file system for local files. If the last modification date and time are not known, the attribute
+ must return the current date and time in the above format.</p>
+
+ <hr></div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-readyState><a href=#dom-document-readystate>readyState</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns "<code title="">loading</code>" while the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is loading, "<code title="">interactive</code>" once it is finished parsing but still loading sub-resources, and
+ "<code title="">complete</code>" once it has loaded.</p>
+ <p>The <code title=event-readystatechange><a href=#event-readystatechange>readystatechange</a></code> event fires on the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object when this value changes.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Each document has a <dfn id=current-document-readiness>current document readiness</dfn>. When a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object
+ is created, it must have its <a href=#current-document-readiness>current document readiness</a> set to the string "<code title="">loading</code>" if the document is associated with an <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>, an
+ <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>, or an XSLT processor, and to the string "<code title="">complete</code>"
+ otherwise. Various algorithms during page loading affect this value. When the value is set, the
+ user agent must <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-readystatechange><a href=#event-readystatechange>readystatechange</a></code> at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is said to have an <dfn id=active-parser>active parser</dfn> if it is associated with an
+ <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> or an <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> that has not yet been <a href=#stop-parsing title="stop
+ parsing">stopped</a> or <a href=#abort-a-parser title="abort a parser">aborted</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-readystate title=dom-document-readyState><code>readyState</code></dfn> IDL attribute must, on
+ getting, return the <a href=#current-document-readiness>current document readiness</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=dom-tree-accessors><span class=secno>3.1.3 </span><dfn>DOM tree accessors</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p><dfn id=the-html-element-0>The <code>html</code> element</dfn> of a document is the document's root element, if there
+ is one and it's an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, or null otherwise.</p>
+
+ <hr><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-head><a href=#dom-document-head>head</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns <a href=#the-head-element-0>the <code>head</code> element</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p><dfn id=the-head-element-0>The <code>head</code> element</dfn> of a document is the first <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element
+ that is a child of <a href=#the-html-element-0>the <code>html</code> element</a>, if there is one, or null
+ otherwise.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-head title=dom-document-head><code>head</code></dfn> attribute, on getting, must return
+ <a href=#the-head-element-0>the <code>head</code> element</a> of the document (a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element or
+ null).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-title><a href=#document.title>title</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the document's title, as given by <a href=#the-title-element-0>the <code>title</code> element</a> for
+ HTML and as given by the SVG <code title="">title</code> element for SVG.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to update the document's title. If there is no appropriate element to update, the
+ new value is ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p><dfn id=the-title-element-0>The <code>title</code> element</dfn> of a document is the first <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element
+ in the document (in tree order), if there is one, or null otherwise.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=document.title title=dom-document-title><code>title</code></dfn> attribute
+ must, on getting, run the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#root-element>root element</a> is an <code><a href=#svg>svg</a></code> element in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG
+ namespace</a>, then let <var title="">value</var> be a concatenation of the data of all the
+ child <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes of the first <code title="">title</code> element in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG
+ namespace</a> that is a child of the <a href=#root-element>root element</a>. <a href=#refsSVG>[SVG]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, let <var title="">value</var> be a concatenation of the data of all the child
+ <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes of <a href=#the-title-element-0>the <code>title</code> element</a>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a>, or the empty string if <a href=#the-title-element-0>the <code>title</code> element</a> is
+ null.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#strip-and-collapse-whitespace>Strip and collapse whitespace</a> in <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>On setting, the steps corresponding to the first matching condition in the following list must
+ be run:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <a href=#root-element>root element</a> is an <code><a href=#svg>svg</a></code> element in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG
+ namespace</a> <a href=#refsSVG>[SVG]</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">element</var> be the first <code title="">title</code> element in
+ the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a> that is a child of the <a href=#root-element>root element</a>, if any. If
+ there isn't one, create a <code title="">title</code> element in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG
+ namespace</a>, append it to the <a href=#root-element>root element</a>, and let <var title="">element</var> be that element. <a href=#refsSVG>[SVG]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Act as if the <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute of <var title="">element</var> was
+ set to the new value being assigned.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#root-element>root element</a> is in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <a href=#the-title-element-0>the <code>title</code> element</a> is null and <a href=#the-head-element-0>the <code>head</code>
+ element</a> is null, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#the-title-element-0>the <code>title</code> element</a> is null, then create a new
+ <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element and <a href=#concept-node-append title=concept-node-append>append</a> it to <a href=#the-head-element-0>the
+ <code>head</code> element</a>, and let <var title="">element</var> be the newly created
+ element; otherwise, let <var title="">element</var> be <a href=#the-title-element-0>the <code>title</code>
+ element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Act as if the <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute of <var title="">element</var> was
+ set to the new value being assigned.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Do nothing.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+
+ <hr><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-body><a href=#dom-document-body>body</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to replace <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the new value is not a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> or <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element, this will throw
+ a <code><a href=#hierarchyrequesterror>HierarchyRequestError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p><dfn id=the-body-element-0>The body element</dfn> of a document is the first child of <a href=#the-html-element-0>the <code>html</code>
+ element</a> that is either a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element or a <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element. If
+ there is no such element, it is null.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-body title=dom-document-body><code>body</code></dfn> attribute, on getting, must return
+ <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a> of the document (either a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element, a
+ <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element, or null). On setting, the following algorithm must be run:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- if changes are requested:
+ http://lxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/content/html/document/src/nsHTMLDocument.cpp
+ search for ::GetBody ::SetBody
+ http://trac.webkit.org/projects/webkit/browser/trunk/WebCore/html/HTMLDocument.cpp
+ search for ::setBody
+ http://trac.webkit.org/projects/webkit/browser/trunk/WebCore/dom/Document.cpp
+ search for ::body
+ --><li>If the new value is not a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> or <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element, then throw a
+ <code><a href=#hierarchyrequesterror>HierarchyRequestError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if the new value is the same as <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a>, do nothing. Abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a> is not null, then replace that element with the
+ new value in the DOM, as if the root element's <code title="">replaceChild()</code> method had
+ been called with the new value and <a href=#the-body-element-0 title="the body element">the incumbent body
+ element</a> as its two arguments respectively, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if there is no root element, throw a <code><a href=#hierarchyrequesterror>HierarchyRequestError</a></code> exception
+ and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a> is null, but there's a root element. Append
+ the new value to the root element.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <hr><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-images><a href=#dom-document-images>images</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-embeds><a href=#dom-document-embeds>embeds</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-plugins><a href=#dom-document-plugins>plugins</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Return an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-links><a href=#dom-document-links>links</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements
+ in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that have <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>
+ attributes.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-forms><a href=#dom-document-forms>forms</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Return an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-scripts><a href=#dom-document-scripts>scripts</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Return an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <!-- these all return the same object each time because of a rule in the collection section -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-images title=dom-document-images><code>images</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node, whose filter matches only
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-embeds title=dom-document-embeds><code>embeds</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node, whose filter matches only
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-plugins title=dom-document-plugins><code>plugins</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ same object as that returned by the <code title=dom-document-embeds><a href=#dom-document-embeds>embeds</a></code>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-links title=dom-document-links><code>links</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node, whose filter matches only
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements with <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attributes and
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements with <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-forms title=dom-document-forms><code>forms</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node, whose filter matches only
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-scripts title=dom-document-scripts><code>scripts</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node, whose filter matches only
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <hr></div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">collection</var> = <var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-getElementsByName><a href=#dom-document-getelementsbyname>getElementsByName</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code> of elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that have a <code title="">name</code> attribute with the value <var title="">name</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-getelementsbyname title=dom-document-getElementsByName><code>getElementsByName(<var title="">name</var>)</code></dfn> method takes a string <var title="">name</var>, and must
+ return a <a href=#live>live</a> <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code> containing all the <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> in
+ that document that have a <code title="">name</code> attribute whose value is equal to the <var title="">name</var> argument (in a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> manner), in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a>. When the method is invoked on a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object again with the same
+ argument, the user agent may return the same as the object returned by the earlier call. In other
+ cases, a new <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code> object must be returned.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-document-cssElementMap><a href=#dom-document-csselementmap>cssElementMap</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#domelementmap>DOMElementMap</a></code> object for the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> representing the
+ current <a href=#css-element-reference-identifier title="CSS element reference identifier">CSS element reference
+ identifiers</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-csselementmap title=dom-document-cssElementMap><code>cssElementMap</code></dfn> IDL attribute
+ allows authors to define <a href=#css-element-reference-identifier title="CSS element reference identifier">CSS element reference
+ identifiers</a>, which are used in certain CSS features to override the normal <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a>-based mapping. <a href=#refsCSSIMAGES>[CSSIMAGES]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created, it must be associated with an initially-empty <dfn id=css-id-overrides-list>CSS
+ ID overrides list</dfn>, which consists of a list of mappings each of which consists of a string
+ name mapped to an <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code> node.</p>
+
+ <p>Each entry in the <a href=#css-id-overrides-list>CSS ID overrides list</a>, while it is in the list and is either
+ <a href=#in-a-document title="in a Document">in the <code>Document</code></a> or is an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, defines a <a href=#css-element-reference-identifier>CSS element reference
+ identifier</a> mapping the given name to the given <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code>. <a href=#refsCSSIMAGES>[CSSIMAGES]</a></p>
+
+ <p>On getting, the <code title=dom-document-cssElementMap><a href=#dom-document-csselementmap>cssElementMap</a></code> IDL attribute
+ must return a <code><a href=#domelementmap>DOMElementMap</a></code> object, associated with the following algorithms, which
+ expose the current mappings:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The algorithm for getting the list of name-element mappings</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#css-id-overrides-list>CSS ID overrides list</a>, maintaining the order
+ in which the entries were originally added to the list.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The algorithm for mapping a name to a certain element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">name</var> be the name passed to the algorithm and <var title="">element</var> be the <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code> passed to the algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">element</var> is null, run the algorithm for deleting mappings by name,
+ passing it <var title="">name</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if there is an entry in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#css-id-overrides-list>CSS ID overrides
+ list</a> whose name is <var title="">name</var>, replace its current value with <var title="">element</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, add a mapping to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#css-id-overrides-list>CSS ID overrides list</a>
+ whose name is <var title="">name</var> and whose element is <var title="">element</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The algorithm for deleting mappings by name</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If there is an entry in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#css-id-overrides-list>CSS ID overrides list</a> whose
+ name is the name passed to this algorithm, remove it. This also undefines the <a href=#css-element-reference-identifier>CSS element
+ reference identifier</a> for that name. <a href=#refsCSSIMAGES>[CSSIMAGES]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The same object must be returned each time.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-currentScript><a href=#dom-document-currentscript>currentScript</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element that is currently executing. In the case of reentrant
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> execution, returns the one that most recently started executing amongst
+ those that have not yet finished executing.</p>
+
+ <p>Returns null if the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not currently executing a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ element (e.g. because the running script is an event handler, or a timeout).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-currentscript title=dom-document-currentScript><code>currentScript</code></dfn> attribute, on
+ getting, must return the value to which it was most recently initialized. When the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created, the <code title=dom-document-currentScript><a href=#dom-document-currentscript>currentScript</a></code> must be initialised to null.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p id=dom-document-namedItem-which>The <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> interface <a href=#support-named-properties title="support
+ named properties">supports named properties</a>. The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> at
+ any moment consist of the values of the <code title="">name</code> content attributes of
+ all the
+ <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code>,
+ <a href=#exposed>exposed</a> <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, and
+ <a href=#exposed>exposed</a> <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that have non-empty <code title="">name</code> content
+ attributes, and the values of the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> content attributes of all the
+ <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> and
+ <a href=#exposed>exposed</a> <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that have non-empty <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> content
+ attributes, and the values of the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> content attributes of all the
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>
+ elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that have both non-empty <code title=attr-name>name</code> content attributes and non-empty <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code>
+ content attributes. The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> must be in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>,
+ ignoring later duplicates, with values from <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attributes coming
+ before values from <code title="">name</code> attributes when the same element contributes
+ both.</p>
+
+ <p>To <a href=#determine-the-value-of-a-named-property>determine the value of a named property</a> <var title="">name</var> when <dfn id=dom-document-nameditem title=dom-document-namedItem>the <code>Document</code> object is indexed for property
+ retrieval</dfn>, the user agent must return the value obtained using the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">elements</var> be the list of <a href=#dom-document-nameditem-filter title=dom-document-namedItem-filter>named elements</a> with the name <var title="">name</var> in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.
+
+ <p class=note>There will be at least one such element, by definition.<!-- (If there wasn't,
+ then this algorithm wouldn't have been invoked by Web IDL.) --></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">elements</var> has only one element, and that element is an
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element, then return the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object of the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested
+ browsing context</a> represented by that <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element, and abort these
+ steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">elements</var> has only one element, return that element and
+ abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise return an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node,
+ whose filter matches only <a href=#dom-document-nameditem-filter title=dom-document-namedItem-filter>named elements</a> with
+ the name <var title="">name</var>.</p> <!-- the same one each time is returned, because of the
+ rule under collections -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <!--
+ Note that this named getter overrides built-in properties, as in:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E%0D%0A...%3Ciframe%20name%3Dbody%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E%3Cscript%3Ew(document.body)%3C%2Fscript%3E
+ This is what the "OverrideBuiltins" bit means in the IDL.
+ -->
+
+ </ol><p><dfn id=dom-document-nameditem-filter title=dom-document-nameditem-filter>Named elements</dfn> with the name <var title="">name</var>, for the purposes of the above algorithm, are those that are either:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code>, <a href=#exposed>exposed</a> <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, or <a href=#exposed>exposed</a> <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements that
+ have a <code title=attr-name>name</code> content attribute whose value is <var title="">name</var>, or</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> or <a href=#exposed>exposed</a> <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> content attribute whose value is <var title="">name</var>, or</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> content attribute
+ whose value is <var title="">name</var>, and that have a non-empty <code title=attr-name>name</code>
+ content attribute present also.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>An <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element is said to be <dfn id=exposed>exposed</dfn> if it has
+ no <a href=#exposed>exposed</a> <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> ancestor, and, for <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements, is
+ additionally either not showing its <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a> or has no <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> descendants.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p class=note>The <code title=dom-document-dir><a href=#dom-document-dir>dir</a></code> attribute on the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> interface is defined along with the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code>
+ content attribute.</p>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl> <!-- very deprecated API; use XHR instead -->
+
+ <h4 id=loading-xml-documents><span class=secno>3.1.4 </span>Loading XML documents</h4>
+
+ <pre class=idl>partial interface <dfn id=xmldocument>XMLDocument</dfn> {
+<!--SYNCLOAD attribute boolean <span title="dom-XMLDocument-async">async</span>;
+--> boolean <a href=#dom-xmldocument-load title=dom-XMLDocument-load>load</a>(DOMString url);
+};</pre>
+
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/576 -->
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/577 -->
+ <!-- http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/dom/level0/document/load/001.html -->
+
+<!--SYNCLOAD
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-XMLDocument-async"><code>async</code></dfn> attribute must initially be
+ true. On getting, it must return its current value. On setting, its current value must be changed
+ to the new value.</p>
+-->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-xmldocument-load title=dom-XMLDocument-load><code>load(<var title="">url</var>)</code></dfn> method
+ must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!--SYNCLOAD
+ <li><p>If <code title="dom-XMLDocument-async">async</code> is set to false and the <var
+ title="">document</var> is <span>load-blocked</span>, return false and abort these
+ steps.</p></li>
+--><li><p>Let <var title="">document</var> be the <code><a href=#xmldocument>XMLDocument</a></code> object on which the
+ method was invoked.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the method's first argument, relative to the
+ <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>. If this is not
+ successful, throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort these steps. Otherwise, let <var title="">url</var> be the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of <var title="">url</var> is not the same as the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> of <var title="">document</var>, throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception
+ and abort these steps.</li>
+
+<!--SYNCLOAD
+ <li><p>If <code title="dom-XMLDocument-async">async</code> is set to false, let <var
+ title="">document</var> be <dfn>load-blocked</dfn>.</p></li>
+-->
+
+ <li><p>Remove all child nodes of <var title="">document</var>, without firing any mutation
+ events.</li> <!-- as of 2010-07-26, only Opera fired mutation events here. -->
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#current-document-readiness>current document readiness</a> of <var title="">document</var> to "<code title="">loading</code>".</li>
+
+ <li><p><!--SYNCLOAD If <code title="dom-XMLDocument-async">async</code> is set to true, then
+ run--> Run the remainder of these steps asynchronously, and return true from the
+ method.<!--SYNCLOAD Otherwise, continue running these steps without yet returning.--></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">success</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fetch>Fetch</a><!--FETCH--> <var title="">url</var> from the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of
+ <var title="">document</var>, using the <a href=#api-referrer-source>API referrer source</a> specified by the
+ <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>, with the <i title="">synchronous flag</i> set and the <i title="">force same-origin flag</i> set.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the fetch attempt was successful, and the resource's <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a> is an <a href=#xml-mime-type>XML MIME type</a>, then run
+ these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Create a new <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> associated with the <var title="">result</var>
+ document.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pass this parser the fetched document.</li> <!-- no worries about scripts running;
+ there's no browsing context for the document so scripts are automatically disabled -->
+
+ <li><p>If there is an XML well-formedness or XML namespace well-formedness error, then remove
+ all child nodes from <var title="">result</var>. Otherwise let <var title="">success</var> be
+ true.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><!--SYNCLOAD If <code title="dom-XMLDocument-async">async</code> is set to true, then
+ <span>queue--> <a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to run the following steps. <!--SYNCLOAD Otherwise, run
+ them synchronously.--></p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <a href=#current-document-readiness>current document readiness</a> of <var title="">document</var> to
+ "<code title="">complete</code>".</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace all the children of <var title="">document</var> by the children of <var title="">result</var> (even if it has no children), firing mutation events as if a
+ <code><a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a></code> containing the new children had been inserted.</li> <!-- as
+ of 2010-07-26, both Firefox and Opera fired mutation events here. -->
+
+ <!-- If the document doesn't have no nodes here, at time of writing, Opera would leave the new
+ nodes and drop the parsed ones, while Firefox would basically abort instead, failing to fire
+ the 'load' event -->
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at <var title="">document</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+<!--SYNCLOAD
+ <li><p>If <code title="dom-XMLDocument-async">async</code> was set to false when this algorithm
+ started, let <var title="">document</var> be no longer <span>load-blocked</span>.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <code title="dom-XMLDocument-async">async</code> was set to false when this algorithm
+ started, return <var title="">success</var>.</p></li>
+-->
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+ <h3 id=elements><span class=secno>3.2 </span>Elements</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=semantics-0><span class=secno>3.2.1 </span>Semantics</h4>
+
+ <p>Elements, attributes, and attribute values in HTML are defined (by this specification) to have
+ certain meanings (semantics). For example, the <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> element represents an ordered list,
+ and the <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> attribute represents the language of the content.</p>
+
+ <p>These definitions allow HTML processors, such as Web browsers or search engines, to present and
+ use documents and applications in a wide variety of contexts that the author might not have
+ considered.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>As a simple example, consider a Web page written by an author who only considered desktop
+ computer Web browsers:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;My Page&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Welcome to my page&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I like cars and lorries and have a big Jeep!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Where I live&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I live in a small hut on a mountain!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Because HTML conveys <em>meaning</em>, rather than presentation, the same
+ page can also be used by a small browser on a mobile phone, without any change to the page.
+ Instead of headings being in large letters as on the desktop, for example, the browser on the
+ mobile phone might use the same size text for the whole the page, but with the headings in
+ bold.</p>
+
+ <p>But it goes further than just differences in screen size: the same page could equally be used
+ by a blind user using a browser based around speech synthesis, which instead of displaying the
+ page on a screen, reads the page to the user, e.g. using headphones. Instead of large text for
+ the headings, the speech browser might use a different volume or a slower voice.</p>
+
+ <p>That's not all, either. Since the browsers know which parts of the page are the headings, they
+ can create a document outline that the user can use to quickly navigate around the document,
+ using keys for "jump to next heading" or "jump to previous heading". Such features are especially
+ common with speech browsers, where users would otherwise find quickly navigating a page quite
+ difficult.</p>
+
+ <p>Even beyond browsers, software can make use of this information. Search engines can use the
+ headings to more effectively index a page, or to provide quick links to subsections of the page
+ from their results. Tools can use the headings to create a table of contents (that is in fact how
+ this very specification's table of contents is generated).</p>
+
+ <p>This example has focused on headings, but the same principle applies to all of the semantics
+ in HTML.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Authors must not use elements, attributes, or attribute values for purposes other than their
+ appropriate intended semantic purpose, as doing so prevents software from correctly processing the
+ page.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, the following snippet, intended to represent the heading of a
+ corporate site, is non-conforming because the second line is not intended to
+ be a heading of a subsection, but merely a subheading or subtitle (a
+ subordinate heading for the same section).</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;ACME Corporation&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;The leaders in arbitrary fast delivery since 1920&lt;/h2&gt;
+ ...</pre>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element is intended for these kinds of situations:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;ACME Corporation&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;The leaders in arbitrary fast delivery since 1920&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;/hgroup&gt;
+ ...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The document in this next example is similarly non-conforming, despite
+ being syntactically correct, because the data placed in the cells is clearly
+ not tabular data, and the <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code> element mis-used:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html lang="en-GB"&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt; &lt;title&gt; Demonstration &lt;/title&gt; &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; My favourite animal is the cat. &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;
+ &mdash;&lt;a href="http://example.org/~ernest/"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Ernest&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,
+ in an essay from 1992
+ &lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;/table&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This would make software that relies on these semantics fail: for example,
+ a speech browser that allowed a blind user to navigate tables in the document
+ would report the quote above as a table, confusing the user; similarly, a
+ tool that extracted titles of works from pages would extract "Ernest" as the
+ title of a work, even though it's actually a person's name, not a title.</p>
+
+ <p>A corrected version of this document might be:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html lang="en-GB"&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt; &lt;title&gt; Demonstration &lt;/title&gt; &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; My favourite animal is the cat. &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &mdash;&lt;a href="http://example.org/~ernest/"&gt;Ernest&lt;/a&gt;,
+ in an essay from 1992
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Authors must not use elements, attributes, or attribute values that are not permitted by this
+ specification or <a href=#other-applicable-specifications>other applicable specifications</a>, as doing so makes it significantly
+ harder for the language to be extended in the future.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the next example, there is a non-conforming attribute value ("carpet") and a non-conforming
+ attribute ("texture"), which is not permitted by this specification:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;label&gt;Carpet: &lt;input type="carpet" name="c" texture="deep pile"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here would be an alternative and correct way to mark this up:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;Carpet: &lt;input type="text" class="carpet" name="c" data-texture="deep pile"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Through scripting and using other mechanisms, the values of attributes, text, and indeed the
+ entire structure of the document may change dynamically while a user agent is processing it. The
+ semantics of a document at an instant in time are those represented by the state of the document
+ at that instant in time, and the semantics of a document can therefore change over time. User
+ agents <span class=impl>must</span> update their presentation of the document as this
+ occurs.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>HTML has a <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> element that describes a progress bar. If its
+ "value" attribute is dynamically updated by a script, the UA would update the rendering to show
+ the progress changing.</p>
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <h4 id=elements-in-the-dom><span class=secno>3.2.2 </span>Elements in the DOM</h4>
+
+ <p>The nodes representing <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> in the DOM <span class=impl>must</span>
+ implement, and expose to scripts, the interfaces listed for them in the relevant sections of this
+ specification. This includes <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> in <a href=#xml-documents>XML documents</a>, even when
+ those documents are in another context (e.g. inside an XSLT transform).</p>
+
+ <p>Elements in the DOM <dfn id=represents title=represents>represent</dfn> things; that is, they have
+ intrinsic <em>meaning</em>, also known as semantics.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, an <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> element represents an ordered list.</p>
+
+ <p>The basic interface, from which all the <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>' interfaces inherit, <span class=impl>and which must be used by elements that have no additional requirements,</span> is
+ the <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlelement>HTMLElement</dfn> : <a href=#element>Element</a> {
+ // metadata attributes
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-title title=dom-title>title</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-lang title=dom-lang>lang</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-translate title=dom-translate>translate</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-dir title=dom-dir>dir</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#domstringmap>DOMStringMap</a> <a href=#dom-dataset title=dom-dataset>dataset</a>;
+
+ // <a href=#microdata>microdata</a>
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-itemscope title=dom-itemScope>itemScope</a>;
+ [PutForwards=<span title=dom-DOMSettableTokenList-value>value</span>] readonly attribute <a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-itemtype title=dom-itemType>itemType</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-itemid title=dom-itemId>itemId</a>;
+ [PutForwards=<span title=dom-DOMSettableTokenList-value>value</span>] readonly attribute <a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-itemref title=dom-itemRef>itemRef</a>;
+ [PutForwards=<span title=dom-DOMSettableTokenList-value>value</span>] readonly attribute <a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-itemprop title=dom-itemProp>itemProp</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlpropertiescollection>HTMLPropertiesCollection</a> <a href=#dom-properties title=dom-properties>properties</a>;
+ attribute any <a href=#dom-itemvalue title=dom-itemValue>itemValue</a>; // acts as DOMString on setting
+
+ // <a href=#editing>user interaction</a>
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-hidden title=dom-hidden>hidden</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-click title=dom-click>click</a>();
+ attribute long <a href=#dom-tabindex title=dom-tabindex>tabIndex</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-focus title=dom-focus>focus</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-blur title=dom-blur>blur</a>();
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-accesskey title=dom-accessKey>accessKey</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-accesskeylabel title=dom-accessKeyLabel>accessKeyLabel</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-draggable title=dom-draggable>draggable</a>;
+ [PutForwards=<span title=dom-DOMSettableTokenList-value>value</span>] readonly attribute <a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-dropzone title=dom-dropzone>dropzone</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-contenteditable title=dom-contentEditable>contentEditable</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-iscontenteditable title=dom-isContentEditable>isContentEditable</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#htmlmenuelement>HTMLMenuElement</a>? <a href=#dom-contextmenu title=dom-contextMenu>contextMenu</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-spellcheck title=dom-spellcheck>spellcheck</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-forcespellcheck title=dom-forceSpellCheck>forceSpellCheck</a>();
+
+ // <a href=#command-api>command API</a>
+ readonly attribute DOMString? <a href=#dom-command-ro-commandtype title=dom-command-ro-commandType>commandType</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString? <a href=#dom-command-ro-commandlabel title=dom-command-ro-commandLabel>commandLabel</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString? <a href=#dom-command-ro-commandicon title=dom-command-ro-commandIcon>commandIcon</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean? <a href=#dom-command-ro-commandhidden title=dom-command-ro-commandHidden>commandHidden</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean? <a href=#dom-command-ro-commanddisabled title=dom-command-ro-commandDisabled>commandDisabled</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean? <a href=#dom-command-ro-commandchecked title=dom-command-ro-commandChecked>commandChecked</a>;<!-- v2COMMAND
+ readonly attribute <span>HTMLCollection</span> <span title="dom-command-ro-commandTriggers">commandTriggers</span>;-->
+};
+<a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> implements <a href=#globaleventhandlers>GlobalEventHandlers</a>;
+
+interface <dfn id=htmlunknownelement>HTMLUnknownElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> { };</pre>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code> interface holds methods and attributes related to a number of
+ disparate features, and the members of this interface are therefore described in various different
+ sections of this specification.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#htmlunknownelement>HTMLUnknownElement</a></code> interface must be used for <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> that
+ are not defined by this specification (or <a href=#other-applicable-specifications>other applicable specifications</a>).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <h4 id=element-definitions><span class=secno>3.2.3 </span>Element definitions</h4>
+
+ <p>Each element in this specification has a definition that includes the following
+ information:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A list of <a href=#content-categories title="content categories">categories</a> to which the element belongs.
+ These are used when defining the <a href=#content-models>content models</a> for each element.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A <em>non-normative</em> description of where the element can be used. This information is
+ redundant with the content models of elements that allow this one as a child, and is provided
+ only as a convenience.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For simplicity, only the most specific expectations are listed. For example, an
+ element that is both <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> and <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> can be used
+ anywhere that either <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> or <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected, but
+ since anywhere that <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected, <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is also
+ expected (since all <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>), only "where
+ <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected" will be listed.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A normative description of what content must be included as children and descendants of
+ the element.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A <em>non-normative</em> description of whether, in the <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code> syntax, the
+ <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start</a> and <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end</a> tags can
+ be omitted. This information is redundant with the normative requirements given in the <a href=#syntax-tag-omission title=syntax-tag-omission>optional tags</a> section, and is provided in the element
+ definitions only as a convenience.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A normative list of attributes that may be specified on the element (except where
+ otherwise disallowed), along with non-normative descriptions of those attributes. (The content to
+ the left of the dash is normative, the content to the right of the dash is not.)</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A normative definition of a DOM interface that such elements must implement.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>This is then followed by a description of what the element <a href=#represents>represents</a>, along with
+ any additional normative conformance criteria that may apply to authors<span class=impl title=""> and implementations</span>. Examples are sometimes also included.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=attributes><span class=secno>3.2.3.1 </span>Attributes</h5>
+
+ <p id=attribute-text>Except where otherwise specified, attributes on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>
+ may have any string value, including the empty string. Except where explicitly stated, there is no
+ restriction on what text can be specified in such attributes.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=content-models><span class=secno>3.2.4 </span><dfn>Content models</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>Each element defined in this specification has a content model: a description of the element's
+ expected <a href=#concept-html-contents title=concept-html-contents>contents</a>. An <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> must have contents that match the requirements described in the element's content
+ model. The <dfn id=concept-html-contents title=concept-html-contents>contents</dfn> of an element are its children in the
+ DOM, except for <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> elements, where the children are those in the <a href=#template-contents>template
+ contents</a> (a separate <code><a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a></code> assigned to the element when the element
+ is created).</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a> are always allowed between elements.
+ User agents represent these characters between elements in the source markup as <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code>
+ nodes in the DOM.<!-- not a conf criteria since the parser now requires this --> Empty
+ <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes and <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes consisting of just sequences of those
+ characters are considered <dfn id=inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#inter-element-whitespace>Inter-element whitespace</a>, comment nodes, and processing instruction nodes must be
+ ignored when establishing whether an element's contents match the element's content model or not,
+ and must be ignored when following algorithms that define document and element semantics.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Thus, an element <var title="">A</var> is said to be <i>preceded or followed</i>
+ by a second element <var title="">B</var> if <var title="">A</var> and <var title="">B</var> have
+ the same parent node and there are no other element nodes or <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes (other than
+ <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a>) between them. Similarly, a node is the <i>only child</i> of
+ an element if that element contains no other nodes other than <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element
+ whitespace</a>, comment nodes, and processing instruction nodes.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors must not use <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> anywhere except where they are explicitly
+ allowed, as defined for each element, or as explicitly required by other specifications. For XML
+ compound documents, these contexts could be inside elements from other namespaces, if those
+ elements are defined as providing the relevant contexts.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>For example, the Atom specification defines a <code title="">content</code> element. When its
+ <code title="">type</code> attribute has the value <code title="">xhtml</code>, the Atom
+ specification requires that it contain a single HTML <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element. Thus, a
+ <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element is allowed in that context, even though this is not explicitly
+ normatively stated by this specification. <a href=#refsATOM>[ATOM]</a></p>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>In addition, <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> may be orphan nodes (i.e. without a parent node).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, creating a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element and storing it in a global variable in a
+ script is conforming, even though <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> elements are otherwise only supposed to be used
+ inside <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <pre>var data = {
+ name: "Banana",
+ cell: document.createElement('td'),
+};</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=kinds-of-content><span class=secno>3.2.4.1 </span>Kinds of content</h5>
+
+ <p>Each element in HTML falls into zero or more <dfn id=content-categories title="content categories">categories</dfn>
+ that group elements with similar characteristics together. The following broad categories are used
+ in this specification:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><a href=#metadata-content>Metadata content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#sectioning-content>Sectioning content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#heading-content>Heading content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#embedded-content-category>Embedded content</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a></li>
+ </ul><p class=note>Some elements also fall into other categories, which are defined in other parts of
+ this specification.</p>
+
+ <p>These categories are related as follows:</p>
+
+ <!-- The following image is decorative; the 'as follows' bit above refers to the paragraph after it, which entirely duplicates the content of
+ this image. So setting an alt="" on this would be bogus (indeed, it would be non-conforming and bad for accessibility.) -->
+ <p><object width=1000 height=288 data=images/content-venn.svg><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/content-venn.png width=512 alt="" height=288></object></p>
+
+ <p>Sectioning content, heading content, phrasing content, embedded content, and interactive
+ content are all types of flow content. Metadata is sometimes flow content. Metadata and
+ interactive content are sometimes phrasing content. Embedded content is also a type of phrasing
+ content, and sometimes is interactive content.</p>
+
+ <p>Other categories are also used for specific purposes, e.g. form controls are specified using a
+ number of categories to define common requirements. Some elements have unique requirements and do
+ not fit into any particular category.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=metadata-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.1 </span>Metadata content</h6>
+
+ <p><dfn id=metadata-content>Metadata content</dfn> is content that sets up the presentation or behavior of the rest of
+ the content, or that sets up the relationship of the document with other documents, or that
+ conveys other "out of band" information.</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code></li>
+ </ul><p>Elements from other namespaces whose semantics are primarily metadata-related (e.g. RDF) are
+ also <a href=#metadata-content>metadata content</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Thus, in the XML serialization, one can use RDF, like this:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
+ xmlns:r="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Hedral's Home Page&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;r:RDF&gt;
+ &lt;Person xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#"
+ r:about="http://hedral.example.com/#"&gt;
+ &lt;fullName&gt;Cat Hedral&lt;/fullName&gt;
+ &lt;mailbox r:resource="mailto:hedral@damowmow.com"/&gt;
+ &lt;personalTitle&gt;Sir&lt;/personalTitle&gt;
+ &lt;/Person&gt;
+ &lt;/r:RDF&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My home page&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I like playing with string, I guess. Sister says squirrels are fun
+ too so sometimes I follow her to play with them.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This isn't possible in the HTML serialization, however.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=flow-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.2 </span>Flow content</h6>
+
+ <p>Most elements that are used in the body of documents and applications are categorised as
+ <dfn id=flow-content>flow content</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> (if it is a descendant of a <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> element)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#math>math</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-style-scoped><a href=#attr-style-scoped>scoped</a></code> attribute is present)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sup</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#svg>svg</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code></li>
+ <li><a href=#text-content title="text content">Text</a></li>
+ </ul><h6 id=sectioning-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.3 </span>Sectioning content</h6>
+
+ <p><dfn id=sectioning-content>Sectioning content</dfn> is content that defines the scope of <a href=#heading-content title="heading
+ content">headings</a> and <a href=#the-footer-element title=footer>footers</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code></li>
+ </ul><p>Each <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a> element potentially has a heading and an
+ <a href=#outline>outline</a>. See the section on <a href=#headings-and-sections>headings and sections</a> for further
+ details.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>There are also certain elements that are <a href=#sectioning-root title="sectioning root">sectioning
+ roots</a>. These are distinct from <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a>, but they can also have an
+ <a href=#outline>outline</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=heading-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.4 </span>Heading content</h6>
+
+ <p><dfn id=heading-content>Heading content</dfn> defines the header of a section (whether explicitly marked up using
+ <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a> elements, or implied by the heading content itself).</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code></li>
+ </ul><h6 id=phrasing-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.5 </span>Phrasing content</h6>
+
+ <p><dfn id=phrasing-content>Phrasing content</dfn> is the text of the document, as well as elements that mark up that
+ text at the intra-paragraph level. Runs of <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> form <a href=#paragraph title=paragraph>paragraphs</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> (if it is a descendant of a <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> element)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#math>math</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sup</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#svg>svg</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code></li>
+ <li><a href=#text-content title="text content">Text</a></li>
+ </ul><p class=note>Most elements that are categorised as phrasing content can only contain elements
+ that are themselves categorised as phrasing content, not any flow content.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=text-content title="text content">Text</dfn>, in the context of content models, means either nothing,
+ or <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes. <a href=#text-content title="text content">Text</a> is sometimes used as a content
+ model on its own, but is also <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>, and can be <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element
+ whitespace</a> (if the <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes are empty or contain just <a href=#space-character title="space
+ character">space characters</a>).</p>
+
+ <p><code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes and attribute values must consist of <a href=#unicode-character title="Unicode
+ character">Unicode characters</a>, must not contain U+0000 characters, must not contain
+ permanently undefined Unicode characters (noncharacters), and must not contain <a href=#control-characters>control characters</a>
+ other than <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.
+
+ <!--<code>Text</code> nodes and attribute values may begin with an <i>isolated combining
+ character</i>.--> <!-- commented out since nothing disallows it currently, so it's implicit;
+ however, if we ever make charmod a normative reference, this will be needed to override it -->
+ <!-- see also https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=13502#c22 -->
+
+ This specification includes extra constraints on the exact value of <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes and
+ attribute values depending on their precise context.
+
+ <!-- <a href="#refsUNICODE">[UNICODE]</a>-->
+
+ </p>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=embedded-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.6 </span>Embedded content</h6>
+
+ <p><dfn id=embedded-content-category>Embedded content</dfn> is content that imports another
+ resource into the document, or content from another vocabulary that
+ is inserted into the document.</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#math>math</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#svg>svg</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code></li>
+ </ul><p>Elements that are from namespaces other than the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a> and that convey
+ content but not metadata, are <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> for the purposes of the content models
+ defined in this specification. (For example, MathML, or SVG.)</p>
+
+ <p>Some embedded content elements can have <dfn id=fallback-content>fallback content</dfn>: content that is to be used
+ when the external resource cannot be used (e.g. because it is of an unsupported format). The
+ element definitions state what the fallback is, if any.</p>
+ <!-- we might not need to define fallback content at all. consider removing it if we don't end up
+ using it anywhere (e.g. Selection) -->
+
+
+ <h6 id=interactive-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.7 </span>Interactive content</h6>
+
+<!--
+TESTS:
+http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C%21DOCTYPE%20html%3E%0A%3Cp%20tabindex%3D1%3Etest%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22%22%3E%20%3Cem%3Etest%3C/em%3E%20%3C/a%3E%0A%3Cscript%3E%0A%20function%20test%20%28e%29%20%7B%20w%28e.type%20+%20%27%20on%20%27%20+%20e.target.tagName%20+%20%27%20through%20%27%20+%20e.currentTarget.tagName%29%3B%20%7D%0A%20document.getElementsByTagName%28%27a%27%29%5B0%5D.addEventListener%28%27click%27%2C%20test%2C%20false%29%3B%0A%20document.getElementsByTagName%28%27a%27%29%5B0%5D.addEventListener%28%27DOMActivate%27%2C%20test%2C%20false%29%3B%0A%20document.getElementsByTagName%28%27p%27%29%5B0%5D.addEventListener%28%27click%27%2C%20test%2C%20false%29%3B%0A%20document.getElementsByTagName%28%27p%27%29%5B0%5D.addEventListener%28%27DOMActivate%27%2C%20test%2C%20false%29%3B%0A%3C/script%3E%0A
+http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C%21DOCTYPE%20HTML%3E%0A%3Ca%20href%3Dhttp%3A//google.com/%20target%3Da%3EA%3C/a%3E%3Ca%20href%3Dhttp%3A//yahoo.com/%20target%3Db%3EB%3C/a%3E%3Cbr%3E%0A%3Ciframe%20name%3Da%3E%3C/iframe%3E%3Ciframe%20name%3Db%3E%3C/iframe%3E%0A%3Cscript%3E%0A%20var%20a%20%3D%20document.getElementsByTagName%28%27a%27%29%5B0%5D%3B%0A%20var%20b%20%3D%20document.getElementsByTagName%28%27a%27%29%5B1%5D%3B%0A%20a.appendChild%28b%29%3B%0A%3C/script%3E
+http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C%21DOCTYPE%20HTML%3E%0A%3Cform%20action%3D%22http%3A//google.com/%22%20onsubmit%3D%22w%28%27onsubmit%27%29%22%3E%3Cem%3EA%3C/em%3E%3C/form%3E%0A%3Cscript%3E%0Adocument.getElementsByTagName%28%27form%27%29%5B0%5D.attachEvent%28%27onsubmit%27%2C%20function%20%28%29%20%7B%20w%28%27submit%20fired%27%29%20%7D%29%3B%0Adocument.getElementsByTagName%28%27form%27%29%5B0%5D.fireEvent%28%27onsubmit%27%29%3B%0A%3C/script%3E
+http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C%21DOCTYPE%20HTML%3E%0A%3Cform%20action%3D%22http%3A//google.com/%22%3EX%3C/form%3E%0A%3Cscript%3E%0Avar%20evt%20%3D%20document.createEvent%28%22Events%22%29%3B%0Aevt.initEvent%28%22submit%22%2C%20true%2C%20true%29%3B%0Adocument.getElementsByTagName%28%27form%27%29%5B0%5D.dispatchEvent%28evt%29%3B%0A%3C/script%3E
+-->
+
+ <p><dfn id=interactive-content>Interactive content</dfn> is content that is specifically intended for user
+ interaction.</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> attribute is present)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attribute is present)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is <em>not</em> in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attribute is present)<!-- see also comment in <object> element section --></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code></li>
+ <li><a href=#sorting-interface-th-element title="sorting interface th element">sorting interface <code>th</code> elements</a></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> attribute is present)</li>
+ </ul><p>The <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute can also make any element into
+ <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=palpable-content-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.8 </span>Palpable content</h6>
+
+ <p>As a general rule, elements whose content model allows any <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> or
+ <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> should have at least one node in its <a href=#concept-html-contents title=concept-html-contents>contents</a> that is <dfn id=palpable-content>palpable content</dfn> and that does
+ not have the <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute specified.</p>
+
+ <p>This requirement is not a hard requirement, however, as there are many cases where an element
+ can be empty legitimately, for example when it is used as a placeholder which will later be filled
+ in by a script, or when the element is part of a template and would on most pages be filled in but
+ on some pages is not relevant.</p>
+
+ <p>Conformance checkers are encouraged to provide a mechanism for authors to find elements that
+ fail to fulfill this requirement, as an authoring aid.</p>
+
+ <p>The following elements are palpable content:</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> attribute is present)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> (if the element's children include at least one name-value group)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is <em>not</em> in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#math>math</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#toolbar-state title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> (if the element's children include at least one <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sup</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#svg>svg</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> (if the element's children include at least one <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code></li>
+ <li><a href=#text-content title="text content">Text</a> that is not <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a></li>
+ </ul><h6 id=script-supporting-elements-0><span class=secno>3.2.4.1.9 </span>Script-supporting elements</h6>
+
+ <p><dfn id=script-supporting-elements>Script-supporting elements</dfn> are those that do not <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> anything themselves (i.e. they are not rendered), but are
+ used to support scripts, e.g. to provide functionality for the user.</p>
+
+ <p>The following elements are script-supporting elements:</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></li>
+ </ul><h5 id=transparent-content-models><span class=secno>3.2.4.2 </span>Transparent content models</h5>
+
+ <p>Some elements are described as <dfn id=transparent>transparent</dfn>; they have "transparent" in the
+ description of their content model. The content model of a <a href=#transparent>transparent</a> element is
+ derived from the content model of its parent element: the elements required in the part of the
+ content model that is "transparent" are the same elements as required in the part of the content
+ model of the parent of the transparent element in which the transparent element finds itself.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For instance, an <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> element inside a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element cannot contain an
+ <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element, because the part of the <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element's content model that
+ allows <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> elements is the part that allows <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>, and the
+ <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element is not <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--(as far as I can tell, there's no way to violate this requirement
+ without first violating the earlier requirement)
+ <p>Furthermore, when a content model includes a part that is "transparent", those parts must not
+ contain content that would not be conformant if all transparent elements in the tree were
+ replaced, in their parent element, by the <span title="concept-html-contents">contents</span> in
+ the "transparent" part of their content model, retaining order.</p>
+
+ <div class="example">
+
+ <p>Consider the following markup fragment:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p>Hello &lt;a href="world.html">&lt;em>wonderful&lt;/em> world&lt;/a>!&lt;/p></pre>
+
+ <p>Its DOM looks like the following:</p>
+
+ <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code>p</code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">Hello </span></li><li class="t1"><code>a</code> <span class="t2" title=""><code class="attribute name">href</code>="<code class="attribute value">world.html</code>"</span><ul><li class="t1"><code>em</code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">wonderful</span></li></ul></li><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title=""> world</span></li></ul></li><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">!</span></li></ul></li></ul>
+
+ <p>The content model of the <code>a</code> element is <span>transparent</span>. To see if its
+ contents are conforming, therefore, the element is replaced by its contents:</p>
+
+ <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code>p</code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">Hello </span></li><li class="t1"><code>em</code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">wonderful</span></li></ul></li><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title=""> world</span></li><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">!</span></li></ul></li></ul>
+
+ <p>Since that is conforming, the contents of the <code>a</code> are conforming in the original
+ fragment (there is no complication regarding the various parts of the <code>p</code> element's
+ content model, since that element's content model has only one part).</p>
+
+ </div>
+-->
+
+ <p class=note>In some cases, where transparent elements are nested in each other, the process
+ has to be applied iteratively.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider the following markup fragment:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;object&gt;&lt;param&gt;&lt;ins&gt;&lt;map&gt;&lt;a href="/"&gt;Apples&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/map&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>To check whether "Apples" is allowed inside the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element, the content models are
+ examined. The <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element's content model is transparent, as is the <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code>
+ element's, as is the <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> element's, as is the part of the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ element's in which the <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> element is found. The <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element is
+ found in the <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element, whose content model is <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>. Thus,
+ "Apples" is allowed, as text is phrasing content.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>When a transparent element has no parent, then the part of its content model that is
+ "transparent" must instead be treated as accepting any <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=paragraphs><span class=secno>3.2.4.3 </span>Paragraphs</h5>
+
+ <p class=note>The term <a href=#paragraph>paragraph</a> as defined in this section is used for more than
+ just the definition of the <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element. The <a href=#paragraph>paragraph</a> concept defined here
+ is used to describe how to interpret documents. The <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element is merely one of
+ several ways of marking up a <a href=#paragraph>paragraph</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- note: the actual definition is below -->
+ <p>A <dfn id=paragraph>paragraph</dfn> is typically a run of <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> that forms a block
+ of text with one or more sentences that discuss a particular topic, as in typography, but can also
+ be used for more general thematic grouping. For instance, an address is also a paragraph, as is a
+ part of a form, a byline, or a stanza in a poem.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, there are two paragraphs in a section. There is also a heading,
+ which contains phrasing content that is not a paragraph. Note how the comments and
+ <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a> do not form paragraphs.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Example of paragraphs&lt;/h1&gt;
+ This is the &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; paragraph in this example.
+ &lt;p&gt;This is the second.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;!-- This is not a paragraph. --&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Paragraphs in <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> are defined relative to what the document looks like
+ without the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> elements
+ complicating matters, since those elements, with their hybrid content models, can straddle
+ paragraph boundaries, as shown in the first two examples below.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Generally, having elements straddle paragraph boundaries is best avoided.
+ Maintaining such markup can be difficult.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example takes the markup from the earlier example and puts <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements around some of the markup to show that the text was changed (though in
+ this case, the changes admittedly don't make much sense). Notice how this example has exactly the
+ same paragraphs as the previous one, despite the <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements
+ &mdash; the <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> element straddles the heading and the first paragraph, and the
+ <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> element straddles the boundary between the two paragraphs.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;ins&gt;&lt;h1&gt;Example of paragraphs&lt;/h1&gt;
+ This is the &lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt; paragraph in&lt;/ins&gt; this example&lt;del&gt;.
+ &lt;p&gt;This is the second.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/del&gt;
+ &lt;!-- This is not a paragraph. --&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">view</var> be a view of the DOM that replaces all <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> elements in the document with their <a href=#concept-html-contents title=concept-html-contents>contents</a>. Then, in <var title="">view</var>, for each run
+ of sibling <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> nodes uninterrupted by other types of content, in an
+ element that accepts content other than <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> as well as <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing
+ content</a>, let <var title="">first</var> be the first node of the run, and let <var title="">last</var> be the last node of the run. For each such run that consists of at least one
+ node that is neither <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> nor <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a>, a
+ paragraph exists in the original DOM from immediately before <var title="">first</var> to
+ immediately after <var title="">last</var>. (Paragraphs can thus span across <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> elements.)</p>
+
+ <p>Conformance checkers may warn authors of cases where they have paragraphs that overlap each
+ other (this can happen with <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>, and
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> elements, and indirectly through elements in other namespaces that allow HTML
+ to be further embedded therein, like <code><a href=#svg>svg</a></code> or <code><a href=#math>math</a></code>).</p>
+ <!-- example below -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#paragraph>paragraph</a> is also formed explicitly by <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element can be used to wrap individual paragraphs when there
+ would otherwise not be any content other than phrasing content to separate the paragraphs from
+ each other.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the link spans half of the first paragraph, all of the heading
+ separating the two paragraphs, and half of the second paragraph. It straddles the paragraphs and
+ the heading.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;header&gt;
+ Welcome!
+ &lt;a href="about.html"&gt;
+ This is home of...
+ &lt;h1&gt;The Falcons!&lt;/h1&gt;
+ The Lockheed Martin multirole jet fighter aircraft!
+ &lt;/a&gt;
+ This page discusses the F-16 Fighting Falcon's innermost secrets.
+&lt;/header&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here is another way of marking this up, this time showing the paragraphs explicitly, and
+ splitting the one link element into three:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Welcome! &lt;a href="about.html"&gt;This is home of...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a href="about.html"&gt;The Falcons!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="about.html"&gt;The Lockheed Martin multirole jet
+ fighter aircraft!&lt;/a&gt; This page discusses the F-16 Fighting
+ Falcon's innermost secrets.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/header&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <!-- I don't know if there's a better way to deal with this, but if there is, let me know... -->
+
+ <p>It is possible for paragraphs to overlap when using certain elements that define fallback
+ content. For example, in the following section:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My Cats&lt;/h1&gt;
+ You can play with my cat simulator.
+ &lt;object data="cats.sim"&gt;
+ To see the cat simulator, use one of the following links:
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="cats.sim"&gt;Download simulator file&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://sims.example.com/watch?v=LYds5xY4INU"&gt;Use online simulator&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ Alternatively, upgrade to the Mellblom Browser.
+ &lt;/object&gt;
+ I'm quite proud of it.
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>There are five paragraphs:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li>The paragraph that says "You can play with my cat simulator. <i title="">object</i> I'm
+ quite proud of it.", where <i title="">object</i> is the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li>The paragraph that says "To see the cat simulator, use one of the following links:".</li>
+
+ <li>The paragraph that says "Download simulator file".</li>
+
+ <li>The paragraph that says "Use online simulator".</li>
+
+ <li>The paragraph that says "Alternatively, upgrade to the Mellblom Browser.".</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The first paragraph is overlapped by the other four. A user agent that supports the "cats.sim"
+ resource will only show the first one, but a user agent that shows the fallback will confusingly
+ show the first sentence of the first paragraph as if it was in the same paragraph as the second
+ one, and will show the last paragraph as if it was at the start of the second sentence of the
+ first paragraph.</p>
+
+ <p>To avoid this confusion, explicit <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> elements can be used. For example:</p>
+
+ <!-- My Fish -->
+ <pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My Cats&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;You can play with my cat simulator.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;object data="cats.sim"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;To see the cat simulator, use one of the following links:&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="cats.sim"&gt;Download simulator file&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://sims.example.com/watch?v=LYds5xY4INU"&gt;Use online simulator&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Alternatively, upgrade to the Mellblom Browser.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/object&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I'm quite proud of it.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=global-attributes><span class=secno>3.2.5 </span><dfn>Global attributes</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>The following attributes are common to and may be specified on all <a href=#html-elements>HTML
+ elements</a><span class=impl> (even those not defined in this specification)</span>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title=attr-accesskey><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>accesskey</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-contenteditable><a href=#attr-contenteditable>contenteditable</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-contextmenu><a href=#attr-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-draggable><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>draggable</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-itemid><a href=#attr-itemid>itemid</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-itemref><a href=#attr-itemref>itemref</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-itemtype><a href=#attr-itemtype>itemtype</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-spellcheck><a href=#attr-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-style><a href=#the-style-attribute>style</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-translate><a href=#attr-translate>translate</a></code></li>
+ </ul><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>These attributes are only defined by this specification as attributes for <a href=#html-elements>HTML
+ elements</a>. When this specification refers to elements having these attributes, elements from
+ namespaces that are not defined as having these attributes must not be considered as being
+ elements with these attributes.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, in the following XML fragment, the "<code title="">bogus</code>" element does not
+ have a <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute as defined in this specification, despite
+ having an attribute with the literal name "<code title="">dir</code>". Thus, <a href=#the-directionality>the
+ directionality</a> of the inner-most <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code> element is '<a href=#concept-rtl title=concept-rtl>rtl</a>', inherited from the <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element indirectly through
+ the "<code title="">bogus</code>" element.</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" dir="rtl"&gt;
+ &lt;bogus xmlns="http://example.net/ns" dir="ltr"&gt;
+ &lt;span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"&gt;
+ &lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/bogus&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>To enable assistive technology products to expose a more fine-grained interface than is
+ otherwise possible with HTML elements and attributes, a set of <a href=#wai-aria title=WAI-ARIA>annotations
+ for assistive technology products</a> can be specified (the ARIA <code title=attr-aria-role><a href=#attr-aria-role>role</a></code> and <code title=attr-aria-*>aria-*</code> attributes). <a href=#refsARIA>[ARIA]</a></p>
+
+ <hr><p>The following <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event handler content attributes</a> may be specified on any <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title=handler-onabort><a href=#handler-onabort>onabort</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onautocomplete><a href=#handler-onautocomplete>onautocomplete</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onautocompleteerror><a href=#handler-onautocompleteerror>onautocompleteerror</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onblur><a href=#handler-onblur>onblur</a></code>*</li>
+ <li><code title=handler-oncancel><a href=#handler-oncancel>oncancel</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-oncanplay><a href=#handler-oncanplay>oncanplay</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-oncanplaythrough><a href=#handler-oncanplaythrough>oncanplaythrough</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onchange><a href=#handler-onchange>onchange</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onclick><a href=#handler-onclick>onclick</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onclose><a href=#handler-onclose>onclose</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-oncontextmenu><a href=#handler-oncontextmenu>oncontextmenu</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-oncuechange><a href=#handler-oncuechange>oncuechange</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-ondblclick><a href=#handler-ondblclick>ondblclick</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-ondrag><a href=#handler-ondrag>ondrag</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-ondragend><a href=#handler-ondragend>ondragend</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-ondragenter><a href=#handler-ondragenter>ondragenter</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-ondragexit><a href=#handler-ondragexit>ondragexit</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-ondragleave><a href=#handler-ondragleave>ondragleave</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-ondragover><a href=#handler-ondragover>ondragover</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-ondragstart><a href=#handler-ondragstart>ondragstart</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-ondrop><a href=#handler-ondrop>ondrop</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-ondurationchange><a href=#handler-ondurationchange>ondurationchange</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onemptied><a href=#handler-onemptied>onemptied</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onended><a href=#handler-onended>onended</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onerror><a href=#handler-onerror>onerror</a></code>*</li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onfocus><a href=#handler-onfocus>onfocus</a></code>*</li>
+ <li><code title=handler-oninput><a href=#handler-oninput>oninput</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-oninvalid><a href=#handler-oninvalid>oninvalid</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onkeydown><a href=#handler-onkeydown>onkeydown</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onkeypress><a href=#handler-onkeypress>onkeypress</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onkeyup><a href=#handler-onkeyup>onkeyup</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onload><a href=#handler-onload>onload</a></code>*</li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onloadeddata><a href=#handler-onloadeddata>onloadeddata</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onloadedmetadata><a href=#handler-onloadedmetadata>onloadedmetadata</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onloadstart><a href=#handler-onloadstart>onloadstart</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onmousedown><a href=#handler-onmousedown>onmousedown</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onmouseenter><a href=#handler-onmouseenter>onmouseenter</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onmouseleave><a href=#handler-onmouseleave>onmouseleave</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onmousemove><a href=#handler-onmousemove>onmousemove</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onmouseout><a href=#handler-onmouseout>onmouseout</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onmouseover><a href=#handler-onmouseover>onmouseover</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onmouseup><a href=#handler-onmouseup>onmouseup</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onmousewheel><a href=#handler-onmousewheel>onmousewheel</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onpause><a href=#handler-onpause>onpause</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onplay><a href=#handler-onplay>onplay</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onplaying><a href=#handler-onplaying>onplaying</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onprogress><a href=#handler-onprogress>onprogress</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onratechange><a href=#handler-onratechange>onratechange</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onreset><a href=#handler-onreset>onreset</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onresize><a href=#handler-onresize>onresize</a></code>*</li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onscroll><a href=#handler-onscroll>onscroll</a></code>*</li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onseeked><a href=#handler-onseeked>onseeked</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onseeking><a href=#handler-onseeking>onseeking</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onselect><a href=#handler-onselect>onselect</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onshow><a href=#handler-onshow>onshow</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onsort><a href=#handler-onsort>onsort</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onstalled><a href=#handler-onstalled>onstalled</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onsubmit><a href=#handler-onsubmit>onsubmit</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onsuspend><a href=#handler-onsuspend>onsuspend</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-ontimeupdate><a href=#handler-ontimeupdate>ontimeupdate</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-ontoggle><a href=#handler-ontoggle>ontoggle</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onvolumechange><a href=#handler-onvolumechange>onvolumechange</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=handler-onwaiting><a href=#handler-onwaiting>onwaiting</a></code></li>
+ </ul><p class=note>The attributes marked with an asterisk have a different meaning when specified on
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements as those elements expose <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object with the same names.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>While these attributes apply to all elements, they are not useful on all elements.
+ For example, only <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> will ever receive a <code title=event-media-volumechange><a href=#event-media-volumechange>volumechange</a></code> event fired by the user agent.</p>
+
+ <hr><p><a href=#custom-data-attribute title="custom data attribute">Custom data attributes</a> (e.g. <code title="">data-foldername</code> or <code title="">data-msgid</code>) can be specified on any <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a>, to store custom data specific to the page.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>In <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>, elements in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a> may have an <code title="">xmlns</code> attribute specified, if, and only if, it has the exact value
+ "<code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</code>". This does not apply to <a href=#xml-documents>XML
+ documents</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In HTML, the <code title="">xmlns</code> attribute has absolutely no effect. It is
+ basically a talisman. It is allowed merely to make migration to and from XHTML mildly easier. When
+ parsed by an <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>, the attribute ends up in no namespace, not the
+ "<code>http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/</code>" namespace like namespace declaration attributes in
+ XML do.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In XML, an <code title="">xmlns</code> attribute is part of the namespace
+ declaration mechanism, and an element cannot actually have an <code title="">xmlns</code>
+ attribute in no namespace specified.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The XML specification also allows the use of the <code title=attr-xml-space>xml:space</code>
+ attribute in the <a href=#xml-namespace>XML namespace</a> on any element in an <a href=#xml-documents title="XML documents">XML
+ document</a>. This attribute has no effect on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>, as the default
+ behavior in HTML is to preserve whitespace. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>There is no way to serialise the <code title=attr-xml-space>xml:space</code>
+ attribute on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> in the <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code> syntax.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-id-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.1 </span>The <dfn title=attr-id><code>id</code></dfn> attribute</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute specifies its element's <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>unique identifier (ID)</a>. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The value must be unique amongst all the <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>IDs</a> in the element's
+ <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a> and must contain at least one character. The value must not contain any
+ <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- space characters are disallowed because space-separated lists of IDs otherwise would not be
+ able to reach all valid IDs -->
+
+ <p class=note>There are no other restrictions on what form an ID can take; in particular, IDs
+ can consist of just digits, start with a digit, start with an underscore, consist of just
+ punctuation, etc.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>An element's <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>unique identifier</a> can be used for a
+ variety of purposes, most notably as a way to link to specific parts of a document using fragment
+ identifiers, as a way to target an element when scripting, and as a way to style a specific
+ element from CSS.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Identifiers are opaque strings. Particular meanings should not be derived from the value of the
+ <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-title-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.2 </span>The <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-title title=attr-title><code>title</code></dfn> attribute <a href=#represents>represents</a> advisory
+ information for the element, such as would be appropriate for a tooltip. On a link, this could be
+ the title or a description of the target resource; on an image, it could be the image credit or a
+ description of the image; on a paragraph, it could be a footnote or commentary on the text; on a
+ citation, it could be further information about the source; on <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a>,
+ it could be a label for, or instructions for, use of the element; and so forth. The value is
+ text.</p>
+
+ <!-- search for title-warning if modifying this paragraph -->
+ <p class=note>Relying on the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute is currently
+ discouraged as many user agents do not expose the attribute in an accessible manner as required by
+ this specification (e.g. requiring a pointing device such as a mouse to cause a tooltip to appear,
+ which excludes keyboard-only users and touch-only users, such as anyone with a modern phone or
+ tablet).</p>
+
+ <p>If this attribute is omitted from an element, then it implies that the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute of the nearest ancestor <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> with a <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute set is also relevant to this
+ element. Setting the attribute overrides this, explicitly stating that the advisory information of
+ any ancestors is not relevant to this element. Setting the attribute to the empty string indicates
+ that the element has no advisory information.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute's value contains U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
+ characters, the content is split into multiple lines. Each U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character
+ represents a line break.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Caution is advised with respect to the use of newlines in <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>For instance, the following snippet actually defines an abbreviation's expansion <em>with a
+ line break in it</em>:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;p&gt;My logs show that there was some interest in &lt;abbr title="Hypertext
+Transport Protocol"&gt;HTTP&lt;/abbr&gt; today.&lt;/p&gt;</pre> <!-- DO NOT REWRAP THIS LINE -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Some elements, such as <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>, define
+ additional semantics for the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute beyond the semantics
+ described above.</p> <!-- the other two are <code>style</code> and <code>dfn</code> -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=advisory-information>advisory information</dfn> of an element is the value that the following algorithm
+ returns, with the algorithm being aborted once a value is returned. When the algorithm returns the
+ empty string, then there is no advisory information.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element, then: if the element has a <code title="">title</code> attribute, <!-- not attr-title --> return the value of that attribute,
+ otherwise, return the empty string.</li> <!-- note: <code>input</code> doesn't do this -->
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the element has a <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute, then
+ return its value.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the element has a parent element, then return the parent element's
+ <a href=#advisory-information>advisory information</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, return the empty string.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>User agents should inform the user when elements have <a href=#advisory-information>advisory information</a>,
+ otherwise the information would not be discoverable.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-title title=dom-title><code>title</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-lang-and-xml:lang-attributes><span class=secno>3.2.5.3 </span>The <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> and <code title=attr-xml-lang><a href=#attr-xml-lang>xml:lang</a></code> attributes</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-lang title=attr-lang><code>lang</code></dfn> attribute (in no namespace) specifies the
+ primary language for the element's contents and for any of the element's attributes that contain
+ text. Its value must be a valid BCP 47 language tag, or the empty string. Setting the attribute to
+ the empty string indicates that the primary language is unknown<!-- UA conformance requirements
+ for this are below -->. <a href=#refsBCP47>[BCP47]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-xml-lang title=attr-xml-lang><code title="">lang</code></dfn> attribute in the <a href=#xml-namespace>XML
+ namespace</a> is defined in XML. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If these attributes are omitted from an element, then the language of this element is the same
+ as the language of its parent element, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> attribute in no namespace may be used on any <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#attr-xml-lang title=attr-xml-lang><code title="">lang</code> attribute in the <span>XML
+ namespace</span></a> may be used on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> in <a href=#xml-documents>XML documents</a>,
+ as well as elements in other namespaces if the relevant specifications allow it (in particular,
+ MathML and SVG allow <a href=#attr-xml-lang title=attr-xml-lang><code title="">lang</code> attributes in the
+ <span>XML namespace</span></a> to be specified on their elements). If both the <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> attribute in no namespace and the <a href=#attr-xml-lang title=attr-xml-lang><code title="">lang</code> attribute in the <span>XML namespace</span></a> are specified on the same
+ element, they must have exactly the same value when compared in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> manner.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors must not use the <a href=#attr-xml-lang title=attr-xml-lang><code title="">lang</code> attribute in
+ the <span>XML namespace</span></a> on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> in <a href=#html-documents>HTML
+ documents</a>. To ease migration to and from XHTML, authors may specify an attribute in no
+ namespace with no prefix and with the literal localname "<code title="">xml:lang</code>" on
+ <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> in <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>, but such attributes must only be
+ specified if a <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> attribute in no namespace is also specified,
+ and both attributes must have the same value when compared in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> manner.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The attribute in no namespace with no prefix and with the literal localname "<code title="">xml:lang</code>" has no effect on language processing.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>To determine the <dfn id=language>language</dfn> of a node, user agents must look at the nearest ancestor
+ element (including the element itself if the node is an element) that has a <a href=#attr-xml-lang title=attr-xml-lang><code title="">lang</code> attribute in the <span>XML
+ namespace</span></a> set or is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a> and has a
+ <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> in no namespace attribute set. That attribute specifies the
+ language of the node (regardless of its value).</p>
+
+ <p>If both the <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> attribute in no namespace and the <a href=#attr-xml-lang title=attr-xml-lang><code title="">lang</code> attribute in the <span>XML
+ namespace</span></a> are set on an element, user agents must use the <a href=#attr-xml-lang title=attr-xml-lang><code title="">lang</code> attribute in the <span>XML
+ namespace</span></a>, and the <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> attribute in no namespace
+ must be <a href=#ignore title=ignore>ignored</a> for the purposes of determining the element's
+ language.</p>
+
+ <p>If neither the node nor any of the node's ancestors, including the <a href=#root-element>root element</a>,
+ have either attribute set, but there is a <a href=#pragma-set-default-language>pragma-set default language</a> set, then that
+ is the language of the node. If there is no <a href=#pragma-set-default-language>pragma-set default language</a> set, then
+ language information from a higher-level protocol (such as HTTP), if any, must be used as the
+ final fallback language instead. In the absence of any such language information, and in cases
+ where the higher-level protocol reports multiple languages, the language of the node is unknown,
+ and the corresponding language tag is the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>If the resulting value is not a recognised language tag, then it must be treated as an unknown
+ language having the given language tag, distinct from all other languages. For the purposes of
+ round-tripping or communicating with other services that expect language tags, user agents should
+ pass unknown language tags through unmodified, and tagged as being BCP 47 language tags, so that
+ subsequent services do not interpret the data as another type of language description. <a href=#refsBCP47>[BCP47]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=example>Thus, for instance, an element with <code title="">lang="xyzzy"</code> would be
+ matched by the selector <code title="">:lang(xyzzy)</code> (e.g. in CSS), but it would not be
+ matched by <code title="">:lang(abcde)</code>, even though both are equally invalid. Similarly, if
+ a Web browser and screen reader working in unison communicated about the language of the element,
+ the browser would tell the screen reader that the language was "xyzzy", even if it knew it was
+ invalid, just in case the screen reader actually supported a language with that tag after all.
+ Even if the screen reader supported both BCP 47 and another syntax for encoding language names,
+ and in that other syntax the string "xyzzy" was a way to denote the Belarusian language, it would
+ be <em>incorrect</em> for the screen reader to then start treating text as Belarusian, because
+ "xyzzy" is not how Belarusian is described in BCP 47 codes (BCP 47 uses the code "be" for
+ Belarusian).</p>
+
+ <p>If the resulting value is the empty string, then it must be interpreted as meaning that the
+ language of the node is explicitly unknown.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>User agents may use the element's language to determine proper processing or rendering (e.g. in
+ the selection of appropriate fonts or pronunciations, for dictionary selection, or for the user
+ interfaces of form controls such as date pickers). <!--User agents must not use the element's
+ language to determine text directionality. (commented out because text directionality is a
+ rendering-level concern.)--></p>
+
+ <!-- Date pickers would use the language information for determining the language of months, for
+ example. They should use the page's _locale_ to figure out the format itself, not the language.
+ There's currently no way to determine the page's locale except by guessing from the charset and
+ language... -->
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-lang title=dom-lang><code>lang</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> content attribute in no namespace.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-translate-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.4 </span>The <code title=attr-translate><a href=#attr-translate>translate</a></code> attribute</h5>
+
+ <!-- v2: a way to translate the declensions of the word(s), but keep the actual roots the same
+ for examples, see https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=17954 -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-translate title=attr-translate><code>translate</code></dfn> attribute is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated
+ attribute</a> that is used to specify whether an element's attribute values and the values of
+ its <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node children are to be translated when the page is localized, or whether to
+ leave them unchanged.</p>
+
+ <p>The attribute's keywords are the empty string, <code title="">yes</code>, and <code title="">no</code>. The empty string and the <code title="">yes</code> keyword map to the
+ <i>yes</i> state. The <code title="">no</code> keyword maps to the <i>no</i> state. In addition,
+ there is a third state, the <i>inherit</i> state, which is the <i>missing value default</i> (and
+ the <i>invalid value default</i>).</p>
+
+ <p>Each element (even non-HTML elements) has a <dfn id=translation-mode>translation mode</dfn>, which is in either the
+ <a href=#translate-enabled>translate-enabled</a> state or the <a href=#no-translate>no-translate</a> state. If an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a>'s <code title=attr-translate><a href=#attr-translate>translate</a></code>
+ attribute is in the <i>yes</i> state, then the element's <a href=#translation-mode>translation mode</a> is in the
+ <a href=#translate-enabled>translate-enabled</a> state; otherwise, if the element's <code title=attr-translate><a href=#attr-translate>translate</a></code> attribute is in the <i>no</i> state, then the element's
+ <a href=#translation-mode>translation mode</a> is in the <a href=#no-translate>no-translate</a> state. Otherwise, either the
+ element's <code title=attr-translate><a href=#attr-translate>translate</a></code> attribute is in the <i>inherit</i> state,
+ or the element is not an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a> and thus does not have a
+ <code title=attr-translate><a href=#attr-translate>translate</a></code> attribute; in either case, the element's
+ <a href=#translation-mode>translation mode</a> is in the same state as its parent element's, if any, or in the
+ <a href=#translate-enabled>translate-enabled</a> state, if the element is a <a href=#root-element>root element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When an element is in the <dfn id=translate-enabled>translate-enabled</dfn> state, the element's <a href=#translatable-attributes>translatable
+ attributes</a> and the values of its <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node children are to be translated when
+ the page is localized.</p>
+
+ <p>When an element is in the <dfn id=no-translate>no-translate</dfn> state, the element's attribute values and the
+ values of its <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node children are to be left as-is when the page is localized,
+ e.g. because the element contains a person's name or a the name of a computer program.</p>
+
+ <p>The following attributes are <dfn id=translatable-attributes>translatable attributes</dfn>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title=attr-th-abbr><a href=#attr-th-abbr>abbr</a></code> on <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</li>
+ <li><code title="">alt</code> on <code title=attr-area-alt><a href=#attr-area-alt>area</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>img</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>input</a></code> elements</li>
+ <li><code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> on <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> elements, if the <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attribute specifies a metadata name whose value is known to be translatable</li>
+ <li><code title="">download</code> on <code title=attr-a-download>a</code> and
+ <code title=attr-area-download>area</code> elements</li>
+ <li><code title="">label</code> on <code title=attr-menuitem-label><a href=#attr-menuitem-label>menuitem</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-menu-label><a href=#attr-menu-label>menu</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-optgroup-label><a href=#attr-optgroup-label>optgroup</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-option-label><a href=#attr-option-label>option</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-track-label><a href=#attr-track-label>track</a></code> elements</li>
+ <li><code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>; must be "translated" to match the language used in the translation</li>
+ <li><code title="">placeholder</code> on <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>input</a></code> and
+ <code title=attr-textarea-placeholder><a href=#attr-textarea-placeholder>textarea</a></code> elements</li>
+ <li><code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> on <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements; must be parsed and recursively processed</li>
+ <li><code title=attr-style><a href=#the-style-attribute>style</a></code> on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>; must be parsed and recursively processed (e.g. for the values of 'content' properties)</li>
+ <li><code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> on all <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a></li>
+ <li><code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> on <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements with a
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in the <a href="#button-state-(type=button)" title=attr-input-type-button>Button</a> state
+ or the <a href="#reset-button-state-(type=reset)" title=attr-input-type-reset>Reset Button</a> state</li>
+ <!-- <input value> on other types is excluded since we can't predict if it interferes with server-side processing -->
+ </ul><p>Other specifications may define other attributes that are also <a href=#translatable-attributes>translatable
+ attributes</a>. For example, ARIA would define the <code title=attr-aria-label>aria-label</code> attribute as translatable.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-translate title=dom-translate><code>translate</code></dfn> IDL attribute must, on getting,
+ return true if the element's <a href=#translation-mode>translation mode</a> is <a href=#translate-enabled>translate-enabled</a>, and
+ false otherwise. On setting, it must set the content attribute's value to "<code title="">yes</code>" if the new value is true, and set the content attribute's value to "<code title="">no</code>" otherwise.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, everything in the document is to be translated when the page is localized,
+ except the sample keyboard input and sample program output:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt; &lt;!-- default on the root element is translate=yes --&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;The Bee Game&lt;/title&gt; &lt;!-- implied translate=yes inherited from ancestors --&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The Bee Game is a text adventure game in English.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;When the game launches, the first thing you should do is type
+ &lt;kbd <strong>translate=no</strong>&gt;eat honey&lt;/kbd&gt;. The game will respond with:&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;pre&gt;&lt;samp <strong>translate=no</strong>&gt;Yum yum! That was some good honey!&lt;/samp&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)><span class=secno>3.2.5.5 </span>The <dfn title=attr-xml-base><code>xml:base</code></dfn> attribute (XML only)</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-xml-base><a href=#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)>xml:base</a></code> attribute is defined in XML Base. <a href=#refsXMLBASE>[XMLBASE]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-xml-base><a href=#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)>xml:base</a></code> attribute may be used on <a href=#html-elements>HTML
+ elements</a> of <a href=#xml-documents>XML documents</a>. Authors must not use the <code title=attr-xml-base><a href=#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)>xml:base</a></code> attribute on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> in <a href=#html-documents>HTML
+ documents</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-dir-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.6 </span>The <dfn title=attr-dir><code>dir</code></dfn> attribute</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute specifies the element's text directionality.
+ The attribute is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a> with the following keywords and states:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The <dfn id=attr-dir-ltr title=attr-dir-ltr><code>ltr</code></dfn> keyword, which maps to the <dfn id=attr-dir-ltr-state title=attr-dir-ltr-state>ltr</dfn> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Indicates that the contents of the element are explicitly directionally isolated
+ left-to-right text.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=attr-dir-rtl title=attr-dir-rtl><code>rtl</code></dfn> keyword, which maps to the <dfn id=attr-dir-rtl-state title=attr-dir-rtl-state>rtl</dfn> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Indicates that the contents of the element are explicitly directionally isolated
+ right-to-left text.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=attr-dir-auto title=attr-dir-auto><code>auto</code></dfn> keyword, which maps to the <dfn id=attr-dir-auto-state title=attr-dir-auto-state>auto</dfn> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Indicates that the contents of the element are explicitly directionally isolated text, but
+ that the direction is to be determined programmatically using the contents of the element (as
+ described below).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The heuristic used by this state is very crude (it just looks at the first
+ character with a strong directionality, in a manner analogous to the Paragraph Level
+ determination in the bidirectional algorithm). Authors are urged to only use this value as a
+ last resort when the direction of the text is truly unknown and no better server-side heuristic
+ can be applied. <a href=#refsBIDI>[BIDI]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>For <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> elements, the heuristic is
+ applied on a per-paragraph level.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The attribute has no <i>invalid value default</i> and no <i>missing value default</i>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p><dfn id=the-directionality>The directionality</dfn> of an element (any element, not just an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML
+ elements">HTML element</a>) is either '<dfn id=concept-ltr title=concept-ltr>ltr</dfn>' or '<dfn id=concept-rtl title=concept-rtl>rtl</dfn>', and is determined as per the first appropriate set of steps from
+ the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the element's <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-dir-ltr-state title=attr-dir-ltr-state>ltr</a> state</dt>
+
+ <dt>If the element is a <a href=#root-element>root element</a> and the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code>
+ attribute is not in a defined state (i.e. it is not present or has an invalid value)</dt>
+
+ <dt>If the element is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</a> state, and the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code>
+ attribute is not in a defined state (i.e. it is not present or has an invalid value)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p><a href=#the-directionality>The directionality</a> of the element is '<a href=#concept-ltr title=concept-ltr>ltr</a>'.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element's <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-dir-rtl-state title=attr-dir-rtl-state>rtl</a> state</dt>
+
+ <dd><p><a href=#the-directionality>The directionality</a> of the element is '<a href=#concept-rtl title=concept-rtl>rtl</a>'.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the element is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a>, <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a>,
+ <a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</a>, <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a>, or <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a>
+ state, and the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-dir-auto-state title=attr-dir-auto-state>auto</a> state</dt>
+
+ <dt>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element and the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code>
+ attribute is in the <a href=#attr-dir-auto-state title=attr-dir-auto-state>auto</a> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> contains a character of
+ bidirectional character type AL or R, and there is no character of bidirectional character type
+ L anywhere before it in the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, then
+ <a href=#the-directionality>the directionality</a> of the element is '<a href=#concept-rtl title=concept-rtl>rtl</a>'. <a href=#refsBIDI>[BIDI]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is not the empty
+ string, or if the element is a <a href=#root-element>root element</a>, <a href=#the-directionality>the directionality</a> of the
+ element is '<a href=#concept-ltr title=concept-ltr>ltr</a>'.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#the-directionality>the directionality</a> of the element is the same as the element's parent
+ element's <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">directionality</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+
+ <dt>If the element's <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-dir-auto-state title=attr-dir-auto-state>auto</a> state</dt>
+
+ <dt>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code> element and the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code>
+ attribute is not in a defined state (i.e. it is not present or has an invalid value)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Find the first character in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> that matches the following criteria:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>The character is from a <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node that is a descendant of the element whose
+ <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">directionality</a> is being determined.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The character is of bidirectional character type L, AL, or R. <a href=#refsBIDI>[BIDI]</a></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The character is not in a <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node that has an ancestor element that is a
+ descendant of the element whose <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">directionality</a> is
+ being determined and that is either:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>A <code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code> element.
+ <li>A <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element.
+ <li>A <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element.
+ <li>A <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element.
+ <li>An element with a <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute in a defined state.
+ </ul></li>
+
+ </ul><p>If such a character is found and it is of bidirectional character type AL or R, <a href=#the-directionality>the
+ directionality</a> of the element is '<a href=#concept-rtl title=concept-rtl>rtl</a>'.</p>
+
+ <p>If such a character is found and it is of bidirectional character type L, <a href=#the-directionality>the
+ directionality</a> of the element is '<a href=#concept-ltr title=concept-ltr>ltr</a>'.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the element is empty and is not a <a href=#root-element>root element</a>, <a href=#the-directionality>the
+ directionality</a> of the element is the same as the element's parent element's <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">directionality</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#the-directionality>the directionality</a> of the element is '<a href=#concept-ltr title=concept-ltr>ltr</a>'.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element has a parent element and the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute is
+ not in a defined state (i.e. it is not present or has an invalid value)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p><a href=#the-directionality>The directionality</a> of the element is the same as the element's parent
+ element's <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">directionality</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ </dl><p class=note>Since the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute is only defined for
+ <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>, it cannot be present on elements from other namespaces. Thus, elements
+ from other namespaces always just inherit their <a href=#the-directionality title="the
+ directionality">directionality</a> from their parent element, or, if they don't have one,
+ default to '<a href=#concept-ltr title=concept-ltr>ltr</a>'.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>This attribute <a href=#bidireq>has rendering requirements involving the
+ bidirectional algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=directionality-of-the-attribute title="directionality of the attribute">directionality of an attribute</dfn> of an
+ <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a>, which is used when the text of that attribute is
+ to be included in the rendering in some manner, is determined as per the first appropriate set of
+ steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the attribute is a <a href=#directionality-capable-attribute>directionality-capable attribute</a> and the element's <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-dir-auto-state title=attr-dir-auto-state>auto</a>
+ state</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Find the first character (in logical order) of the attribute's value that is of bidirectional
+ character type L, AL, or R. <a href=#refsBIDI>[BIDI]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If such a character is found and it is of bidirectional character type AL or R, the
+ <a href=#directionality-of-the-attribute>directionality of the attribute</a> is '<a href=#concept-rtl title=concept-rtl>rtl</a>'.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the <a href=#directionality-of-the-attribute>directionality of the attribute</a> is '<a href=#concept-ltr title=concept-ltr>ltr</a>'.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href=#directionality-of-the-attribute>directionality of the attribute</a> is the same as <a href=#the-directionality title="the
+ directionality">the element's directionality</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The following attributes are <dfn id=directionality-capable-attribute title="directionality-capable
+ attribute">directionality-capable attributes</dfn>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title=attr-th-abbr><a href=#attr-th-abbr>abbr</a></code> on <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</li>
+ <li><code title="">alt</code> on <code title=attr-area-alt><a href=#attr-area-alt>area</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>img</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>input</a></code> elements</li>
+ <li><code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> on <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> elements, if the <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attribute specifies a metadata name whose value is primarily intended to be human-readable rather than machine-readable</li>
+ <li><code title="">label</code> on <code title=attr-menuitem-label><a href=#attr-menuitem-label>menuitem</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-menu-label><a href=#attr-menu-label>menu</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-optgroup-label><a href=#attr-optgroup-label>optgroup</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-option-label><a href=#attr-option-label>option</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-track-label><a href=#attr-track-label>track</a></code> elements</li>
+ <li><code title="">placeholder</code> on <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>input</a></code> and
+ <code title=attr-textarea-placeholder><a href=#attr-textarea-placeholder>textarea</a></code> elements</li>
+ <li><code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> on all <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a></li>
+ </ul><hr><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-dir><a href=#dom-dir>dir</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns <a href=#the-html-element-0>the <code>html</code> element</a>'s <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute's value, if any.</p>
+ <p>Can be set, to either "<code title="">ltr</code>", "<code title="">rtl</code>", or "<code title="">auto</code>" to replace <a href=#the-html-element-0>the <code>html</code> element</a>'s <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute's value.</p>
+ <p>If there is no <a href=#the-html-element-0 title="the html element"><code>html</code> element</a>, returns the empty string and ignores new values.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-dir title=dom-dir><code>dir</code></dfn> IDL attribute on an element must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> content attribute of that element,
+ <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-dir title=dom-document-dir><code>dir</code></dfn> IDL attribute on <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ objects must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> content attribute of
+ <a href=#the-html-element-0>the <code>html</code> element</a>, if any, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>. If
+ there is no such element, then the attribute must return the empty string and do nothing on
+ setting.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>Authors are strongly encouraged to use the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code>
+ attribute to indicate text direction rather than using CSS, since that way their documents will
+ continue to render correctly even in the absence of CSS (e.g. as interpreted by search
+ engines).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This markup fragment is of an IM conversation.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p dir=auto class="u1"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;Student&lt;/bdi&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; How do you write "What's your name?" in Arabic?&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p dir=auto class="u2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;Teacher&lt;/bdi&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &#x645;&#x627; &#x627;&#x633;&#x645;&#x643;&#x61f;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p dir=auto class="u1"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;Student&lt;/bdi&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; Thanks.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p dir=auto class="u2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;Teacher&lt;/bdi&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; That's written "&#x634;&#x643;&#x631;&#x64b;&#x627;".&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p dir=auto class="u2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;Teacher&lt;/bdi&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; Do you know how to write "Please"?&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p dir=auto class="u1"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;Student&lt;/bdi&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; "&#x645;&#x646; &#x641;&#x636;&#x644;&#x643;", right?&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+<!--
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<style>
+ div { border: groove #FFFF99; padding: 0.25em; width: 22em; background: #FFFFEE; color: black; }
+ p { margin: 0.25em 0; font: 1em/1 InaiMathi; color: purple; }
+ .u1 { color: teal; }
+</style>
+<div>
+<p dir=ltr class="u1"><b><bdi>Student</bdi>:</b> How do you write "What's your name?" in Arabic?</p>
+<p dir=rtl class="u2"><b><bdi>Teacher</bdi>:</b> &#x645;&#x627; &#x627;&#x633;&#x645;&#x643;&#x61f;</p>
+<p dir=ltr class="u1"><b><bdi>Student</bdi>:</b> Thanks.</p>
+<p dir=ltr class="u2"><b><bdi>Teacher</bdi>:</b> That's written "&#x634;&#x643;&#x631;&#x64b;&#x627;".</p>
+<p dir=ltr class="u2"><b><bdi>Teacher</bdi>:</b> Do you know how to write "Please"?</p>
+<p dir=rtl class="u1"><b><bdi>Student</bdi>:</b> "&#x645;&#x646; &#x641;&#x636;&#x644;&#x643;", right?</p>
+-->
+
+ <p>Given a suitable style sheet and the default alignment styles for the <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element,
+ namely to align the text to the <i>start edge</i> of the paragraph, the resulting rendering could
+ be as follows:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/im.png width=366 alt="Each paragraph rendered as a separate block, with the paragraphs left-aligned except the second paragraph and the last one, which would be right aligned, with the usernames ('Student' and 'Teacher' in this example) flush right, with a colon to their left, and the text first to the left of that." height=157></p>
+
+ <p>As noted earlier, the <code title=attr-dir-auto><a href=#attr-dir-auto>auto</a></code> value is not a panacea. The
+ final paragraph in this example is misinterpreted as being right-to-left text, since it begins
+ with an Arabic character, which causes the "right?" to be to the left of the Arabic text.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=classes><span class=secno>3.2.5.7 </span>The <dfn title=attr-class><code>class</code></dfn> attribute</h5>
+
+ <p>Every <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a> may have a <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code> attribute specified.</p>
+
+ <p>The attribute, if specified, must have a value that is a <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>set of space-separated
+ tokens</a> representing the various classes that the element belongs to.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The classes that an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a> has assigned to it consists
+ of all the classes returned when the value of the <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code> attribute
+ is <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on spaces">split on spaces</a>. (Duplicates are ignored.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>Assigning classes to an element affects class matching in selectors in CSS, the
+ <code title=dom-document-getElementsByClassName>getElementsByClassName()</code> method in the
+ DOM, and other such features.</p>
+
+ <p>There are no additional restrictions on the tokens authors can use in the <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code> attribute, but authors are encouraged to use values that describe
+ the nature of the content, rather than values that describe the desired presentation of the
+ content.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p class=note>The <dfn id=dom-classname title=dom-className><code>className</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-classlist title=dom-classList><code>classList</code></dfn> IDL attributes, defined in the DOM
+ specification, <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code> content attribute.
+ <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-style-attribute><span class=secno>3.2.5.8 </span>The <dfn title=attr-style><code>style</code></dfn> attribute</h5>
+
+ <p>All <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> may have the <code title=attr-style><a href=#the-style-attribute>style</a></code> content
+ attribute set. This is a <a href=#css-styling-attribute>CSS styling attribute</a> as defined by the CSS Styling
+ Attribute Syntax specification. <a href=#refsCSSATTR>[CSSATTR]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>In user agents that support CSS, the attribute's value must be parsed when the attribute is
+ added or has its value changed<!-- so dynamic changes to the base URL don't affect the CSS -->,
+ according to the rules given for <a href=#css-styling-attribute title="CSS styling attribute">CSS styling
+ attributes</a>. <a href=#refsCSSATTR>[CSSATTR]</a></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Documents that use <code title=attr-style><a href=#the-style-attribute>style</a></code> attributes on any of their elements
+ must still be comprehensible and usable if those attributes were removed.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In particular, using the <code title=attr-style><a href=#the-style-attribute>style</a></code> attribute to hide
+ and show content, or to convey meaning that is otherwise not included in the document, is
+ non-conforming. (To hide and show content, use the <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code>
+ attribute.)</p>
+
+ <hr><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-style><a href=#dom-style>style</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#cssstyledeclaration>CSSStyleDeclaration</a></code> object for the element's <code title=attr-style><a href=#the-style-attribute>style</a></code> attribute.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-style title=dom-style><code>style</code></dfn> IDL attribute is defined in the CSS Object
+ Model (CSSOM) specification. <a href=#refsCSSOM>[CSSOM]</a></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the words that refer to colors are marked up using the
+ <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code> element and the <code title=attr-style><a href=#the-style-attribute>style</a></code> attribute to make those
+ words show up in the relevant colors in visual media.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;My sweat suit is &lt;span style="color: green; background:
+transparent"&gt;green&lt;/span&gt; and my eyes are &lt;span style="color: blue;
+background: transparent"&gt;blue&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=embedding-custom-non-visible-data-with-the-data-*-attributes><span class=secno>3.2.5.9 </span><dfn>Embedding custom non-visible data</dfn> with the <code title=attr-data-*><a href=#attr-data-*>data-*</a></code> attributes</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=custom-data-attribute>custom data attribute</dfn> is an attribute in no namespace whose name starts with the
+ string "<dfn id=attr-data-* title=attr-data-*><code>data-</code></dfn>", has at least one character after the
+ hyphen, is <a href=#xml-compatible>XML-compatible</a>, and contains no <a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters>uppercase ASCII letters</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>All attribute names on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> in <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>
+ get ASCII-lowercased automatically, so the restriction on ASCII uppercase letters doesn't affect
+ such documents.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#custom-data-attribute title="custom data attribute">Custom data attributes</a> are intended to store custom
+ data private to the page or application, for which there are no more appropriate attributes or
+ elements.</p>
+
+ <p>These attributes are not intended for use by software that is independent of the site that uses
+ the attributes.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For instance, a site about music could annotate list items representing tracks in an album
+ with custom data attributes containing the length of each track. This information could then be
+ used by the site itself to allow the user to sort the list by track length, or to filter the list
+ for tracks of certain lengths.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;ol&gt;
+ &lt;li data-length="2m11s"&gt;Beyond The Sea&lt;/li&gt;
+ ...
+&lt;/ol&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>It would be inappropriate, however, for the user to use generic software not associated with
+ that music site to search for tracks of a certain length by looking at this data.</p>
+
+ <p>This is because these attributes are intended for use by the site's own scripts, and are not a
+ generic extension mechanism for publicly-usable metadata.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Every <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a> may have any number of <a href=#custom-data-attribute title="custom data attribute">custom data attributes</a> specified, with any value.</p>
+
+ <hr><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-dataset><a href=#dom-dataset>dataset</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#domstringmap>DOMStringMap</a></code> object for the element's <code title=attr-data-*><a href=#attr-data-*>data-*</a></code> attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>Hyphenated names become camel-cased. For example, <code title="">data-foo-bar=""</code>
+ becomes <code title="">element.dataset.fooBar</code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-dataset title=dom-dataset><code>dataset</code></dfn> IDL attribute provides convenient
+ accessors for all the <code title=attr-data-*><a href=#attr-data-*>data-*</a></code> attributes on an element. On
+ getting, the <code title=dom-dataset><a href=#dom-dataset>dataset</a></code> IDL attribute must return a
+ <code><a href=#domstringmap>DOMStringMap</a></code> object, associated with the following algorithms, which expose these
+ attributes on their element:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The algorithm for getting the list of name-value pairs</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <ol><li>Let <var title="">list</var> be an empty list of name-value
+ pairs.</li>
+
+ <li>For each content attribute on the element whose first five characters are the string "<code title="">data-</code>" and whose remaining characters (if any) do not include any
+ <a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters>uppercase ASCII letters</a>, in the order that those attributes are listed in the
+ element's <a href=#attribute-list>attribute list</a>, add a name-value pair to <var title="">list</var> whose
+ name is the attribute's name with the first five characters removed and whose value is the
+ attribute's value.</li>
+
+ <li>For each name in <var title="">list</var>, for each U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) in the
+ name that is followed by a <a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">lowercase ASCII letter</a>,
+ remove the U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) and replace the character that followed it by the
+ same character <a href=#converted-to-ascii-uppercase>converted to ASCII uppercase</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Return <var title="">list</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>The algorithm for setting names to certain values</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <ol><li>Let <var title="">name</var> be the name passed to the algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li>Let <var title="">value</var> be the value passed to the algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li>If <var title="">name</var> contains a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) followed by a
+ <a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">lowercase ASCII letter</a>, throw a
+ <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>For each <a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">uppercase ASCII letter</a> in <var title="">name</var>, insert a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) before the character and
+ replace the character with the same character <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Insert the string <code title="">data-</code> at the front of <var title="">name</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>Set the value of the attribute with the name <var title="">name</var>, to the value <var title="">value</var>, replacing any previous value if the attribute already existed. If <code title="">setAttribute()</code> would have thrown an exception when setting an attribute with
+ the name <var title="">name</var>, then this must throw the same exception.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>The algorithm for deleting names</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <ol><li>Let <var title="">name</var> be the name passed to the algorithm.</li>
+
+<!--(can't happen while the DOMStringMap deleter has no name)
+ <li>If <var title="">name</var> contains a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) followed by a
+ <span title="lowercase ASCII letters">lowercase ASCII letter</span>, throw a
+ <code>SyntaxError</code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+-->
+
+ <li>For each <a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">uppercase ASCII letter</a> in <var title="">name</var>, insert a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) before the character and
+ replace the character with the same character <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Insert the string <code title="">data-</code> at the front of <var title="">name</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>Remove the attribute with the name <var title="">name</var>, if such an attribute exists.
+ Do nothing otherwise.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This algorithm will only get invoked by the Web IDL specification for names that
+ are given by the earlier algorithm for getting the list of name-value pairs. <a href=#refsWEBIDL>[WEBIDL]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The same object must be returned each time.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>If a Web page wanted an element to represent a space ship, e.g. as part of a game, it would
+ have to use the <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code> attribute along with <code title=attr-data-*><a href=#attr-data-*>data-*</a></code> attributes:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div class="spaceship" data-ship-id="92432"
+ data-weapons="laser 2" data-shields="50%"
+ data-<!---->x="30" data-y="10" data-z="90"&gt;
+ &lt;button class="fire"
+ onclick="spaceships[this.parentNode.dataset.shipId].fire()"&gt;
+ Fire
+ &lt;/button&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Notice how the hyphenated attribute name becomes camel-cased in the API.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Authors should carefully design such extensions so that when the attributes are ignored and any
+ associated CSS dropped, the page is still usable.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents must not derive any implementation behavior from these attributes or values.
+ Specifications intended for user agents must not define these attributes to have any meaningful
+ values.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>JavaScript libraries may use the <a href=#custom-data-attribute title="custom data attribute">custom data
+ attributes</a>, as they are considered to be part of the page on which they are used. Authors
+ of libraries that are reused by many authors are encouraged to include their name in the attribute
+ names, to reduce the risk of clashes. Where it makes sense, library authors are also encouraged to
+ make the exact name used in the attribute names customizable, so that libraries whose authors
+ unknowingly picked the same name can be used on the same page, and so that multiple versions of a
+ particular library can be used on the same page even when those versions are not mutually
+ compatible.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, a library called "DoQuery" could use attribute names like <code title="">data-doquery-range</code>, and a library called "jJo" could use attributes names like
+ <code title="">data-jjo-range</code>. The jJo library could also provide an API to set which
+ prefix to use (e.g. <code title="">J.setDataPrefix('j2')</code>, making the attributes have names
+ like <code title="">data-j2-range</code>).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=requirements-relating-to-the-bidirectional-algorithm><span class=secno>3.2.6 </span>Requirements relating to the bidirectional algorithm</h4>
+
+ <h5 id=authoring-conformance-criteria-for-bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-characters><span class=secno>3.2.6.1 </span>Authoring conformance criteria for bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters</h5>
+
+ <p><a href=#text-content>Text content</a> in <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> with <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes in their
+ <a href=#concept-html-contents title=concept-html-contents>contents</a>, and text in attributes of <a href=#html-elements>HTML
+ elements</a> that allow free-form text, may contain characters in the ranges U+202A to U+202E
+ and U+2066 to U+2069 (the bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters). However, the use of
+ these characters is restricted so that any embedding or overrides generated by these characters do
+ not start and end with different parent elements, and so that all such embeddings and overrides
+ are explicitly terminated by a U+202C POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING character. This helps reduce
+ incidences of text being reused in a manner that has unforeseen effects on the bidirectional
+ algorithm. <a href=#refsBIDI>[BIDI]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The aforementioned restrictions are defined by specifying that certain parts of documents form
+ <a href=#bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-character-ranges>bidirectional-algorithm formatting character ranges</a>, and then imposing a requirement
+ on such ranges.</p>
+
+ <p>The strings resulting from applying the following algorithm to an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML
+ elements">HTML element</a> <var title="">element</var> are <a href=#bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-character-ranges>bidirectional-algorithm
+ formatting character ranges</a>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be an empty list of strings.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">string</var> be an empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">node</var> be the first child node of <var title="">element</var>, if
+ any, or null otherwise.</li>
+
+ <!-- while node != null do -->
+ <li><p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">node</var> is null, jump to the step labeled
+ <i>end</i>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Process <var title="">node</var> according to the first matching step from the following
+ list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Append the text data of <var title="">node</var> to <var title="">string</var>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code> element</dt>
+ <dt>If <var title="">node</var> is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a> that is
+ <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> but that is not also <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>If <var title="">string</var> is not the empty string, push <var title="">string</var>
+ onto <var title="">output</var>, and let <var title="">string</var> be empty string.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>Do nothing.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">node</var> be <var title="">node</var>'s next sibling, if any, or null
+ otherwise.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Jump to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+ <!-- end while -->
+
+ <li><p><i>End</i>: If <var title="">string</var> is not the empty string, push <var title="">string</var> onto <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">output</var> as the <a href=#bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-character-ranges>bidirectional-algorithm formatting
+ character ranges</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The value of a namespace-less attribute of an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a>
+ is a <a href=#bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-character-ranges title="bidirectional-algorithm formatting character ranges">bidirectional-algorithm
+ formatting character range</a>.</p>
+
+<!--(this is unnecessarily pedantic)
+ <p>The text data of a comment node is a <span title="bidirectional-algorithm formatting character
+ ranges">bidirectional-algorithm formatting character range</span>.</p>
+-->
+
+ <p>Any strings that, as described above, are <dfn id=bidirectional-algorithm-formatting-character-ranges>bidirectional-algorithm formatting character
+ ranges</dfn> must match the <code title="">string</code> production in the following ABNF, the
+ character set for which is Unicode. <a href=#refsABNF>[ABNF]</a></p>
+
+ <pre>string = *( plaintext ( embedding / override / isolation ) ) plaintext
+embedding = ( lre / rle ) string pdf
+override = ( lro / rlo ) string pdf
+isolation = ( lri / rli / fsi ) string pdi
+lre = %x202A ; U+202A LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING
+rle = %x202B ; U+202B RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING
+lro = %x202D ; U+202D LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE
+rlo = %x202E ; U+202E RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE
+pdf = %x202C ; U+202C POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING
+lri = %x2066 ; U+2066 LEFT-TO-RIGHT ISOLATE
+rli = %x2067 ; U+2067 RIGHT-TO-LEFT ISOLATE
+fsi = %x2068 ; U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE
+pdi = %x2069 ; U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE
+plaintext = *( %x0000-2029 / %x202F-2065 / %x206A-10FFFF )
+ ; any string with no bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters</pre>
+
+ <p class=note>While the U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE character implicitly also ends open
+ embeddings and overrides, text that relies on this implicit scope closure is not conforming to
+ this specification. All strings of embeddings, overrides, and isolations need to be explicitly
+ terminated to conform to this section's requirements.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Authors are encouraged to use the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute, the
+ <code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code> element, and the <code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code> element, rather than maintaining the
+ bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters manually. The bidirectional-algorithm formatting
+ characters interact poorly with CSS.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=user-agent-conformance-criteria><span class=secno>3.2.6.2 </span>User agent conformance criteria</h5>
+
+ <p>User agents must implement the Unicode bidirectional algorithm to determine the proper ordering
+ of characters when rendering documents and parts of documents. <a href=#refsBIDI>[BIDI]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The mapping of HTML to the Unicode bidirectional algorithm must be done in one of three ways.
+ Either the user agent must implement CSS, including in particular the CSS 'unicode-bidi',
+ 'direction', and 'content' properties, and must have, in its user agent style sheet, the rules
+ using those properties given in this specification's <a href=#rendering>rendering</a> section,
+ or, alternatively, the user agent must act as if it implemented just the aforementioned properties
+ and had a user agent style sheet that included all the aforementioned rules, but without letting
+ style sheets specified in documents override them, or, alternatively, the user agent must
+ implement another styling language with equivalent semantics. <a href=#refsCSSWM>[CSSWM]</a> <a href=#refsCSSGC>[CSSGC]</a></p>
+
+ <p id=bidireq>The following elements and attributes have requirements defined by the <a href=#rendering>rendering</a> section that, due to the requirements in this section, are
+ requirements on all user agents (not just those that <a href=#renderingUA>support the suggested
+ default rendering</a>):</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code> element</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code> element</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code> element</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> element</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code> element</li>
+ </ul></div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=wai-aria><span class=secno>3.2.7 </span><dfn>WAI-ARIA</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>Authors may use the ARIA <code title=attr-aria-role><a href=#attr-aria-role>role</a></code> and <code title=attr-aria-*>aria-*</code> attributes on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>, in accordance with
+ the requirements described in the ARIA specifications, except where these conflict with the
+ <a href=#strong-native-semantics>strong native semantics</a> or are equal to the <a href=#default-implicit-aria-semantics>default implicit ARIA
+ semantics</a> described below. These exceptions are intended to prevent authors from making
+ assistive technology products report nonsensical states that do not represent the actual state of
+ the document. <a href=#refsARIA>[ARIA]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Authors must not set the ARIA <code title=attr-aria-role><a href=#attr-aria-role>role</a></code> and <code title=attr-aria-*>aria-*</code> attributes in a manner that conflicts with the semantics
+ described in the following table, except that the <code title=attr-aria-role-presentation>presentation</code> role may always be used. Authors must not
+ set the ARIA <code title=attr-aria-role><a href=#attr-aria-role>role</a></code> and <code title=attr-aria-*>aria-*</code> attributes to values that match the <a href=#default-implicit-aria-semantics>default implicit ARIA
+ semantics</a> defined in the following two tables.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents must implement ARIA semantics on all <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>, as defined in the
+ ARIA specifications. The <a href=#default-implicit-aria-semantics>default implicit ARIA semantics</a> defined below must be
+ recognised by implementations for the purposes of ARIA processing. <a href=#refsARIAIMPL>[ARIAIMPL]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The ARIA attributes defined in the ARIA specifications, and the <a href=#strong-native-semantics>strong
+ native semantics</a> and <a href=#default-implicit-aria-semantics>default implicit ARIA semantics</a> defined below, do not
+ have any effect on CSS pseudo-class matching, user interface modalities that don't use assistive
+ technologies, or the default actions of user interaction events as described in this
+ specification.</p> <!-- this is a truism, in that there are no requirements that require that
+ those attributes have such an effect, and no requirements that relax the requirements on those
+ effects such that they could be affected by those attributes -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The following table defines the <a href=#strong-native-semantics>strong native semantics</a> and corresponding
+ <a href=#default-implicit-aria-semantics>default implicit ARIA semantics</a> that apply to <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>. Each
+ language feature (element or attribute) in a cell in the first column implies the ARIA semantics
+ (any role, states, and properties) given in the cell in the second column of the same row. <span class=impl>When multiple rows apply to an element, the role from the last row to define a role
+ must be applied, and the states and properties from all the rows must be combined.</span></p>
+
+ <table id=table-aria-strong><thead><tr><th>Language feature
+
+ <th><a href=#strong-native-semantics>Strong native semantics</a> and <a href=#default-implicit-aria-semantics>default implicit ARIA semantics</a>
+
+ <tbody><tr><td><code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element that creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-link>link</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-listbox>listbox</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-multiselectable>aria-multiselectable</code> property set to "false"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-expanded>aria-expanded</code> state set to "true" if the element's
+ <code title=attr-details-open><a href=#attr-details-open>open</a></code> attribute is present, and set to "false" otherwise
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element without an <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code> attribute
+
+ <td>The <code title=attr-aria-hidden>aria-hidden</code> state set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-group>group</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>, with the <code title=attr-aria-hidden>aria-hidden</code> state set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-level>aria-level</code> property set to the element's <a href=#outline-depth>outline
+ depth</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-separator>separator</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute's value is empty
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-presentation>presentation</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-checked>aria-checked</code> state set to "mixed" if the element's
+ <code title=dom-input-indeterminate><a href=#dom-input-indeterminate>indeterminate</a></code> IDL attribute is true, or "true" if
+ the element's <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> is true, or "false" otherwise
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#color-state-(type=color)" title=attr-input-type-color>Color</a> state
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#date-state-(type=date)" title=attr-input-type-date>Date</a> state
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)" title=attr-input-type-datetime>Date and Time</a> state
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)" title=attr-input-type-datetime-local>Local Date and Time</a> state
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a> state with no <a href=#concept-input-list title=concept-input-list>suggestions source element</a>
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-textbox>textbox</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)" title=attr-input-type-file>File Upload</a> state
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#month-state-(type=month)" title=attr-input-type-month>Month</a> state
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a> state
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-spinbutton>spinbutton</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute, the <code title=attr-aria-valuemax>aria-valuemax</code> property set to the element's <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>, the <code title=attr-aria-valuemin>aria-valuemin</code> property set to the element's <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>, and, if the result of applying the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for
+ parsing floating-point number values</a> to the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is a number, with the <code title=attr-aria-valuenow>aria-valuenow</code> property set to that number
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#password-state-(type=password)" title=attr-input-type-password>Password</a> state
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-textbox>textbox</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> state
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-checked>aria-checked</code> state set to "true" if the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> is true, or "false" otherwise
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#range-state-(type=range)" title=attr-input-type-range>Range</a> state and the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute not specified
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-slider>slider</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-valuemax>aria-valuemax</code> property set to the element's <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>, the <code title=attr-aria-valuemin>aria-valuemin</code> property set to the element's <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>, and the <code title=attr-aria-valuenow>aria-valuenow</code> property set to the result of applying the
+ <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing floating-point number values</a> to the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, if that results in a number, or the <a href=#concept-input-value-default-range title=concept-input-value-default-range>default value</a> otherwise
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#range-state-(type=range)" title=attr-input-type-range>Range</a> state and the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute not specified
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-valuemax>aria-valuemax</code> property set to the element's <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>, and the <code title=attr-aria-valuemin>aria-valuemin</code> property set to the element's <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>
+
+ <!-- ARIA doesn't currently support a single element with two slider values, so leave the rest
+ undefined for now -->
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#reset-button-state-(type=reset)" title=attr-input-type-reset>Reset Button</a> state
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-button>button</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state with no <a href=#concept-input-list title=concept-input-list>suggestions source element</a>
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-textbox>textbox</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#submit-button-state-(type=submit)" title=attr-input-type-submit>Submit Button</a> state
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-button>button</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</a> state with no <a href=#concept-input-list title=concept-input-list>suggestions source element</a>
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-textbox>textbox</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state with no <a href=#concept-input-list title=concept-input-list>suggestions source element</a>
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-textbox>textbox</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a>, <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a>, <a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</a>, <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a>, or
+ <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a> states with a <a href=#concept-input-list title=concept-input-list>suggestions source element</a>
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-combobox>combobox</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-owns>aria-owns</code> property set to the same value as the <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code> attribute, and the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#time-state-(type=time)" title=attr-input-type-time>Time</a> state
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a> state with no <a href=#concept-input-list title=concept-input-list>suggestions source element</a>
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-textbox>textbox</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#week-state-(type=week)" title=attr-input-type-week>Week</a> state
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>, with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element that is <a href=#concept-input-required title=concept-input-required>required</a>
+
+ <td>The <code title=attr-aria-required>aria-required</code> state set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element that creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-link>link</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute in the
+ <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup menu</a> state
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-navigation>navigation</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>, with the <code title=attr-aria-hidden>aria-hidden</code> state set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element that is in a <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of
+ options</a>
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-selected>aria-selected</code> and <code title=attr-aria-checked>aria-checked</code> states set to "true" if the element's <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> is true, and "false" otherwise
+
+ <!-- we set -selected for when the role is option, and -checked for when it's menuitemradio;
+ hopefully having them set when they don't apply is a no-op (the ARIA spec doesn't seem clear
+ about this) -->
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element that represents a suggestion in a <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element
+ or that is in a <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> of a
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code>
+ attribute or a <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> greater than 1
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-option>option</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-progressbar>progressbar</code> role, with, if the progress bar
+ is determinate, the <code title=attr-aria-valuemax>aria-valuemax</code> property set to the
+ maximum value of the progress bar, the <code title=attr-aria-valuemin>aria-valuemin</code>
+ property set to zero, and the <code title=attr-aria-valuenow>aria-valuenow</code> property
+ set to the current value of the progress bar
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>, with the <code title=attr-aria-hidden>aria-hidden</code> state set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-listbox>listbox</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-multiselectable>aria-multiselectable</code> property set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element with no <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code>
+ attribute and with a <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> equal to 1
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-multiselectable>aria-multiselectable</code> property set to "false"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element with no <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code>
+ attribute and with a <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> greater than 1
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-listbox>listbox</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-multiselectable>aria-multiselectable</code> property set to "false"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-select-required><a href=#attr-select-required>required</a></code> attribute
+
+ <td>The <code title=attr-aria-required>aria-required</code> state set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>, with the <code title=attr-aria-hidden>aria-hidden</code> state set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-summary-element>summary</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-grid>grid</code> role with the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-rowgroup>rowgroup</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-gridcell>gridcell</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>, with the <code title=attr-aria-hidden>aria-hidden</code> state set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-textbox>textbox</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-multiline>aria-multiline</code> property set to "true", and the <code title=attr-aria-readonly>aria-readonly</code> property set to "true" if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-textarea-readonly><a href=#attr-textarea-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-textarea-required><a href=#attr-textarea-required>required</a></code> attribute
+
+ <td>The <code title=attr-aria-required>aria-required</code> state set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-rowgroup>rowgroup</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-rowgroup>rowgroup</code> role
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element that is a <a href=#sorting-capable-th-element>sorting-capable <code>th</code> element</a> whose <a href=#column-key-ordinality>column key ordinality</a> is 1
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-columnheader>columnheader</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-sort>aria-sort</code> state set to "ascending" if the element's <a href=#column-sort-direction>column
+ sort direction</a> is <i>normal</i>, and "descending" otherwise.
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-row>row</code> role
+
+ <tr><td>Element that is <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>
+
+ <td>The <code title=attr-aria-disabled>aria-disabled</code> state set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td>Element that is <a href=#inert>inert</a>
+
+ <td>The <code title=attr-aria-hidden>aria-hidden</code> state set to "true" <!-- change this
+ to something more appropriate when if something comes along -->
+
+ <tr><td>Element with a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute
+
+ <td>The <code title=attr-aria-hidden>aria-hidden</code> state set to "true"
+
+ <tr><td>Element that is a <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation>candidate for constraint validation</a> but that does not <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfy its constraints</a>
+
+ <td>The <code title=attr-aria-invalid>aria-invalid</code> state set to "true"
+
+ </table><p>Some <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> have native semantics that can be overridden. The following
+ table lists these elements and their <a href=#default-implicit-aria-semantics>default implicit ARIA semantics</a>, along with the
+ restrictions that apply to those elements. Each language feature (element or attribute) in a cell
+ in the first column implies, unless otherwise overridden, the ARIA semantic (role, state, or
+ property) given in the cell in the second column of the same row, but this semantic may be
+ overridden under the conditions listed in the cell in the third column of that row. In addition,
+ any element may be given the <code title=attr-aria-role-presentation>presentation</code> role,
+ regardless of the restrictions below.</p>
+
+ <table id=table-aria-weak><thead><tr><th>Language feature
+
+ <th>Default implicit ARIA semantic
+
+ <th>Restrictions
+
+ <tbody><tr><td><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element that creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-link>link</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-link>link</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-menuitem>menuitem</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-tab>tab</code>,
+ or <code title=attr-aria-role-treeitem>treeitem</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <td>If specified, role must be <code title=attr-aria-role-contentinfo>contentinfo</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-article>article</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-article>article</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-document>document</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-application>application</code>, or <code title=attr-aria-role-main>main</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-complementary>complementary</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-complementary>complementary</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-note>note</code>, or <code title=attr-aria-role-search>search</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <td>If specified, role must be <code title=attr-aria-role-application>application</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-button>button</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-button>button</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-menuitem>menuitem</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-group>group</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be a role that supports <code title=attr-aria-expanded>aria-expanded</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-dialog>dialog</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-alert>alert</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-alertdialog>alertdialog</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-application>application</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-contentinfo>contentinfo</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-dialog>dialog</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-document>document</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-log>log</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-main>main</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-marquee>marquee</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-region>region</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-search>search</code>, or
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-status>status</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <td>If specified, role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-application>application</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-document>document</code>, or <code title=attr-aria-role-img>img</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <td>If specified, role must be <code title=attr-aria-role-contentinfo>contentinfo</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> element that does not have an <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> ancestor
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-level>aria-level</code> property set to the element's <a href=#outline-depth>outline
+ depth</a>
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> or <code title=attr-aria-role-tab>tab</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code> element that does not have an <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> ancestor
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-level>aria-level</code> property set to the element's <a href=#outline-depth>outline
+ depth</a>
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> or <code title=attr-aria-role-tab>tab</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code> element that does not have an <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> ancestor
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-level>aria-level</code> property set to the element's <a href=#outline-depth>outline
+ depth</a>
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> or <code title=attr-aria-role-tab>tab</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code> element that does not have an <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> ancestor
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-level>aria-level</code> property set to the element's <a href=#outline-depth>outline
+ depth</a>
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> or <code title=attr-aria-role-tab>tab</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code> element that does not have an <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> ancestor
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-level>aria-level</code> property set to the element's <a href=#outline-depth>outline
+ depth</a>
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> or <code title=attr-aria-role-tab>tab</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> element that does not have an <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> ancestor
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> role, with the <code title=attr-aria-level>aria-level</code> property set to the element's <a href=#outline-depth>outline
+ depth</a>
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-heading>heading</code> or <code title=attr-aria-role-tab>tab</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <td>If specified, role must be <code title=attr-aria-role-banner>banner</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <td>If specified, role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-application>application</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-document>document</code>, or <code title=attr-aria-role-img>img</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute's value is absent
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-img>img</code> role
+
+ <td>No restrictions
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute's value is
+ present and not empty
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-img>img</code> role
+
+ <td>No restrictions
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#button-state-(type=button)" title=attr-input-type-button>Button</a> state
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-button>button</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-button>button</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-menuitem>menuitem</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-checkbox>checkbox</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-checkbox>checkbox</code> or <code title=attr-aria-role-menuitemcheckbox>menuitemcheckbox</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-button>button</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-button>button</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-menuitem>menuitem</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in
+ the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> state
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-radio>radio</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-radio>radio</code> or <code title=attr-aria-role-menuitemradio>menuitemradio</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element whose parent is an <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-listitem>listitem</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-listitem>listitem</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-menuitemcheckbox>menuitemcheckbox</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-menuitemradio>menuitemradio</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-option>option</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-tab>tab</code>, or
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-treeitem>treeitem</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-main>main</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-document>document</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-application>application</code>, or <code title=attr-aria-role-main>main</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute in the
+ <a href=#toolbar-state title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-toolbar>toolbar</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-directory>directory</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-list>list</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-listbox>listbox</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-menu>menu</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-menubar>menubar</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-tablist>tablist</code>, <code title="attr-aria-role-toolbar
+ ">toolbar</code>, or <code title=attr-aria-role-tree>tree</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <td>If specified, role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-application>application</code>, <code title=attr-aria-role-document>document</code>, or <code title=attr-aria-role-img>img</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-list>list</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-directory>directory</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-group>group</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-list>list</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-listbox>listbox</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-menu>menu</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-menubar>menubar</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-tablist>tablist</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-toolbar>toolbar</code>, or
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-tree>tree</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element that is in a <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of
+ options</a> of a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element with no <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute and with a <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> equal to 1
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-option>option</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-option>option</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-menuitem>menuitem</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-menuitemradio>menuitemradio</code>, or
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-separator>separator</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-status>status</code> role
+
+ <td>No restrictions
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-region>region</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-alert>alert</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-alertdialog>alertdialog</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-application>application</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-contentinfo>contentinfo</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-dialog>dialog</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-document>document</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-log>log</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-main>main</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-marquee>marquee</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-region>region</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-search>search</code>, or
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-status>status</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element with no <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code>
+ attribute and with a <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> equal to 1
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-listbox>listbox</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-listbox>listbox</code> or
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-menu>menu</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element that is not a <a href=#sorting-capable-th-element>sorting-capable <code>th</code> element</a> or whose <a href=#column-key-ordinality>column key ordinality</a> is not 1
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-gridcell>gridcell</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-columnheader>columnheader</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-rowheader>rowheader</code>, or
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-gridcell>gridcell</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> element
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-list>list</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-directory>directory</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-group>group</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-list>list</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-listbox>listbox</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-menu>menu</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-menubar>menubar</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-tablist>tablist</code>,
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-toolbar>toolbar</code>, or
+ <code title=attr-aria-role-tree>tree</code>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element
+
+ <td><a href=#concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>No role</a>
+
+ <td>If specified, role must be <code title=attr-aria-role-application>application</code>
+
+ <tr><td><a href=#the-body-element-0>The body element</a>
+
+ <td><code title=attr-aria-role-document>document</code> role
+
+ <td>Role must be either <code title=attr-aria-role-document>document</code> or <code title=attr-aria-role-application>application</code>
+
+ </table><p>The entry "<dfn id=concept-role-none title=concept-role-none>no role</dfn>", when used as a <a href=#strong-native-semantics title="strong
+ native semantics">strong native semantic</a>, means that no role other than <code title=attr-aria-role-presentation>presentation</code> can be used. When used as a <a href=#default-implicit-aria-semantics title="default implicit ARIA semantics">default implicit ARIA semantic</a>, it means the user
+ agent has no default mapping to ARIA roles. (However, it probably will have its own mappings to
+ the accessibility layer.)</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Conformance checkers are encouraged to phrase errors such that authors are encouraged to use
+ more appropriate elements rather than remove accessibility annotations. For example, if an
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element is marked as having the <code title=attr-aria-role-button>button</code>
+ role, a conformance checker could say "Use a more appropriate element to represent a button, for
+ example a <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element or an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element" rather than "The <code title=attr-aria-role-button>button</code> role cannot be used with <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements".</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>These features can be used to make accessibility tools render content to their users in more
+ useful ways. For example, ASCII art, which is really an image, appears to be text, and in the
+ absence of appropriate annotations would end up being rendered by screen readers as a very
+ painful reading of lots of punctuation. Using the features described in this section, one can
+ instead make the ATs skip the ASCII art and just read the caption:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure <strong>role="img" aria-labelledby="fish-caption"</strong>&gt; <!-- that's "l a b e l l e d" with TWO "l"s -->
+ &lt;pre&gt;
+ o .'`/
+ ' / (
+ O .-'` ` `'-._ .')
+ _/ (o) '. .' /
+ ) ))) &gt;&lt; &lt;
+ `\ |_\ _.' '. \
+ '-._ _ .-' '.)
+ jgs `\__\
+ &lt;/pre&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption <strong>id="fish-caption"</strong>&gt;
+ Joan G. Stark, "&lt;cite&gt;fish&lt;/cite&gt;".
+ October 1997. ASCII on electrons. 28&times;8.
+ &lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;
+ </pre>
+
+ <!-- source: http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/7373/aquatic.htm#fish -->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h2 id=semantics><span class=secno>4 </span>The elements of HTML</h2>
+
+ <h3 id=the-root-element><span class=secno>4.1 </span>The root element</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=the-html-element><span class=secno>4.1.1 </span>The <dfn><code>html</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As the root element of a document.</dd>
+ <dd>Wherever a subdocument fragment is allowed in a compound document.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element followed by a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>An <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> can be omitted
+ if the first thing inside the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element is not a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>An <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element is not immediately followed by a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>Application cache manifest</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlhtmlelement>HTMLHtmlElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ // <a href="#HTMLHtmlElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the root of an HTML document.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors are encouraged to specify a <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> attribute on the root
+ <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, giving the document's language. This aids speech synthesis tools to
+ determine what pronunciations to use, translation tools to determine what rules to use, and so
+ forth.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:Offline Web Applications-->
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-html-manifest title=attr-html-manifest><code>manifest</code></dfn> attribute gives the address of
+ the document's <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>manifest</a>, if there is one. If the attribute is present,
+ the attribute's value must be a <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by
+ spaces</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code> attribute only <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>has an effect</a> during the early stages of document load.
+ Changing the attribute dynamically thus has no effect (and thus, no DOM API is provided for this
+ attribute).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For the purposes of <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>application cache
+ selection</a>, later <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> elements cannot affect the <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolving of relative URLs</a> in <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code>
+ attributes, as the attributes are processed before those elements are seen.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=dom-applicationCache><a href=#dom-applicationcache>window.applicationCache</a></code> IDL
+ attribute provides scripted access to the offline <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> mechanism.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element in the following example declares that the document's language
+ is English.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
+<strong>&lt;html lang="en"&gt;</strong>
+&lt;head&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Swapping Songs&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;/head&gt;
+&lt;body&gt;
+&lt;h1&gt;Swapping Songs&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Tonight I swapped some of the songs I wrote with some friends, who
+gave me some of the songs they wrote. I love sharing my music.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;
+<strong>&lt;/html&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=document-metadata><span class=secno>4.2 </span>Document metadata</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=the-head-element><span class=secno>4.2.1 </span>The <dfn><code>head</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As the first element in an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>If the document is <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a> or if title information is available from a higher-level protocol: Zero or more elements of <a href=#metadata-content>metadata content</a>, of which no more than one is a <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element and no more than one is a <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>Otherwise: One or more elements of <a href=#metadata-content>metadata content</a>, of which exactly one is a <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element and no more than one is a <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> can be omitted if
+ the element is empty, or if the first thing inside the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element is an
+ element.</dd>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element is not immediately followed by a <a href=#space-character>space character</a> or a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlheadelement>HTMLHeadElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a collection of metadata for the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The collection of metadata in a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element can be large or small. Here is an
+ example of a very short one:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!doctype html&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;A document with a short head&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ ...</pre>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of a longer one:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;HTML&gt;
+ &lt;HEAD&gt;
+ &lt;META CHARSET="UTF-8"&gt;
+ &lt;BASE HREF="http://www.example.com/"&gt;
+ &lt;TITLE&gt;An application with a long head&lt;/TITLE&gt;
+ &lt;LINK REL="STYLESHEET" HREF="default.css"&gt;
+ &lt;LINK REL="STYLESHEET ALTERNATE" HREF="big.css" TITLE="Big Text"&gt;
+ &lt;SCRIPT SRC="support.js"&gt;&lt;/SCRIPT&gt;
+ &lt;META NAME="APPLICATION-NAME" CONTENT="Long headed application"&gt;
+ &lt;/HEAD&gt;
+ &lt;BODY&gt;
+ ...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element is a required child in most situations, but when a
+ higher-level protocol provides title information, e.g. in the Subject line of an e-mail when HTML
+ is used as an e-mail authoring format, the <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element can be omitted.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-title-element><span class=secno>4.2.2 </span>The <dfn><code>title</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#metadata-content>Metadata content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>In a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element containing no other <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#text-content title="text content">Text</a> that is not <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltitleelement>HTMLTitleElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-title-text title=dom-title-text>text</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the document's title or name. Authors
+ should use titles that identify their documents even when they are used out of context, for
+ example in a user's history or bookmarks, or in search results. The document's title is often
+ different from its first heading, since the first heading does not have to stand alone when taken
+ out of context.</p>
+
+ <p>There must be no more than one <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element per document.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If it's reasonable for the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> to have no title, then the
+ <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element is probably not required. See the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element's content
+ model for a description of when the element is required.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">title</var> . <code title=dom-title-text><a href=#dom-title-text>text</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the contents of the element, ignoring child nodes that aren't <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code>
+ nodes.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to replace the element's children with the given value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The IDL attribute <dfn id=dom-title-text title=dom-title-text><code>text</code></dfn> must return a
+ concatenation of the contents of all the <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes that are children of the
+ <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element (ignoring any other nodes such as comments or elements), in tree order.
+ On setting, it must act the same way as the <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here are some examples of appropriate titles, contrasted with the top-level headings that
+ might be used on those same pages.</p>
+
+ <pre> &lt;title&gt;Introduction to The Mating Rituals of Bees&lt;/title&gt;
+ ...
+ &lt;h1&gt;Introduction&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;This companion guide to the highly successful
+ &lt;cite&gt;Introduction to Medieval Bee-Keeping&lt;/cite&gt; book is...</pre>
+
+ <p>The next page might be a part of the same site. Note how the title describes the subject
+ matter unambiguously, while the first heading assumes the reader knows what the context is and
+ therefore won't wonder if the dances are Salsa or Waltz:</p>
+
+ <pre> &lt;title&gt;Dances used during bee mating rituals&lt;/title&gt;
+ ...
+ &lt;h1&gt;The Dances&lt;/h1&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The string to use as the document's title is given by the <code title=dom-document-title><a href=#document.title>document.title</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents should use the document's title when referring to the document in their user
+ interface. When the contents of a <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element are used in this way, <a href=#the-directionality>the
+ directionality</a> of that <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element should be used to set the directionality
+ of the document's title in the user interface.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-base-element><span class=secno>4.2.3 </span>The <dfn><code>base</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#metadata-content>Metadata content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>In a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element containing no other <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#document-base-url>Document base URL</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-base-target><a href=#attr-base-target>target</a></code> &mdash; Default <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> for <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> and <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlbaseelement>HTMLBaseElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-base-href title=dom-base-href>href</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-base-target title=dom-base-target>target</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element allows authors to specify the <a href=#document-base-url>document base URL</a> for
+ the purposes of <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving relative URLs</a>, and the name of the
+ default <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> for the purposes of <a href=#following-hyperlinks>following hyperlinks</a>. The
+ element does not <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> any content beyond this
+ information.</p>
+
+ <p>There must be no more than one <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element per document.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element must have either an <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute, a <code title=attr-base-target><a href=#attr-base-target>target</a></code> attribute, or both.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-base-href title=attr-base-href><code>href</code></dfn> content attribute, if specified, must
+ contain a <a href=#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element, if it has an <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> attribute,
+ must come before any other elements in the tree that have attributes defined as taking <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a>, except the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element (its <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code> attribute isn't affected by <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code>
+ elements).</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>If there are multiple <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> elements with <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> attributes, all but the first are ignored.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-base-target title=attr-base-target><code>target</code></dfn> attribute, if specified, must
+ contain a <a href=#valid-browsing-context-name-or-keyword>valid browsing context name or keyword</a>, which specifies which
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is to be used as the default when <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a> and <a href=#the-form-element title=form>forms</a> in the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> cause <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element, if it has a <code title=attr-base-target><a href=#attr-base-target>target</a></code>
+ attribute, must come before any elements in the tree that represent <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>If there are multiple <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> elements with <code title=attr-base-target><a href=#attr-base-target>target</a></code> attributes, all but the first are ignored.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element that is the first <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element with an <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> content attribute in a particular <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has a
+ <dfn id=frozen-base-url>frozen base URL</dfn>. The <a href=#frozen-base-url>frozen base URL</a> must be <a href=#set-the-frozen-base-url title="set the frozen
+ base URL">set</a>, synchronously, whenever any of the following situations occur:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>The <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element becomes the first <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a> with an <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> content attribute in its
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li>The <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element is the first <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a> with an <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> content attribute in its
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and its <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> content attribute is
+ changed.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>To <dfn id=set-the-frozen-base-url>set the <span>frozen base URL</span></dfn>, <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a URL">resolve</a>
+ the value of the element's <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> content attribute relative to
+ the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#fallback-base-url>fallback base URL</a>; if this is successful, set the
+ <a href=#frozen-base-url>frozen base URL</a> to the <a href=#resulting-absolute-url>resulting absolute URL</a>, otherwise, set the
+ <a href=#frozen-base-url>frozen base URL</a> to the <a href=#fallback-base-url>fallback base URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-base-href title=dom-base-href><code>href</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must return
+ the result of running the following algorithm:
+
+ <ol><!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1715 --><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> content
+ attribute, then return the <a href=#document-base-url>document base URL</a> and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">fallback base url</var> be the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#fallback-base-url>fallback
+ base URL</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">url</var> be the value of the <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute of the <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a URL">Resolve</a> <var title="">url</var> relative to <var title="">fallback base url</var> (thus, the <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> attribute isn't affected by <code title=attr-xml-base><a href=#the-xml:base-attribute-(xml-only)>xml:base</a></code> attributes or <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> elements).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the previous step was successful, return the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> and
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, return the empty string.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <code title=dom-base-href><a href=#dom-base-href>href</a></code> IDL attribute, on setting, must set the <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code> content attribute to the given new value.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-base-target title=dom-base-target><code>target</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element is used to set the <a href=#document-base-url>document base
+ URL</a>:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;This is an example for the &amp;lt;base&amp;gt; element&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;base href="http://www.example.com/news/index.html"&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Visit the &lt;a href="archives.html"&gt;archives&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The link in the above example would be a link to "<code title="">http://www.example.com/news/archives.html</code>".</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-link-element><span class=secno>4.2.4 </span>The <dfn><code>link</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#metadata-content>Metadata content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present: <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present: <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#metadata-content>metadata content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dd>In a <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element that is a child of a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present: where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>href</a></code> &mdash; Address of the <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-link-crossorigin><a href=#attr-link-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> &mdash; How the element handles crossorigin requests</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code> &mdash; Relationship between the document containing the hyperlink and the destination resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-link-media><a href=#attr-link-media>media</a></code> &mdash; Applicable media</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-link-hreflang><a href=#attr-link-hreflang>hreflang</a></code> &mdash; Language of the linked resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-link-type><a href=#attr-link-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Hint for the type of the referenced resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-link-sizes><a href=#attr-link-sizes>sizes</a></code> &mdash; Sizes of the icons (for <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code>="<code title=rel-icon><a href=#rel-icon>icon</a></code>")</dd>
+ <dd>Also, the <code title=attr-link-title><a href=#attr-link-title>title</a></code> attribute <a href=#attr-link-title title=attr-link-title>has special semantics</a> on this element: Title of the link; alternative style sheet set name.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmllinkelement>HTMLLinkElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-link-href title=dom-link-href>href</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-link-crossorigin title=dom-link-crossOrigin>crossOrigin</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-link-rel title=dom-link-rel>rel</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#domtokenlist>DOMTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-link-rellist title=dom-link-relList>relList</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-link-media title=dom-link-media>media</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-link-hreflang title=dom-link-hreflang>hreflang</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-link-type title=dom-link-type>type</a>;
+ [PutForwards=<span title=dom-DOMSettableTokenList-value>value</span>] readonly attribute <a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-link-sizes title=dom-link-sizes>sizes</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLLinkElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};
+<a href=#htmllinkelement>HTMLLinkElement</a> implements <a href=#linkstyle>LinkStyle</a>;</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element allows authors to link their document to other resources.</p>
+
+ <p>The destination of the link(s) is given by the <dfn id=attr-link-href title=attr-link-href><code>href</code></dfn> attribute, which must be present and must contain a
+ <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>. <span class=impl>If the <code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>href</a></code> attribute is absent, then the element does not define a
+ link.</span></p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element must have either a <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code> attribute
+ or an <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute, but not both.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code> attribute is used, the element is
+ restricted to the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element. When used with the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute, the element can be used both in the
+ <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element and in the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> of the page, subject to the constraints of
+ the microdata model.</p>
+
+ <p>The types of link indicated (the relationships) are given by the value of the <dfn id=attr-link-rel title=attr-link-rel><code>rel</code></dfn> attribute, which, if present, must have a value that
+ is a <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>set of space-separated tokens</a>. The <a href=#linkTypes>allowed keywords and
+ their meanings</a> are defined in a later section. <span class=impl>If the <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code> attribute is absent, has no keywords, or if none of the keywords
+ used are allowed according to the definitions in this specification, then the element does not
+ create any links.</span></p>
+
+ <p>Two categories of links can be created using the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element: <a href=#external-resource-link title="external resource link">Links to external resources</a> and <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a>. The <a href=#linkTypes>link types section</a> defines
+ whether a particular link type is an external resource or a hyperlink. One <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>
+ element can create multiple links (of which some might be external resource links and some might
+ be hyperlinks); exactly which and how many links are created depends on the keywords given in the
+ <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code> attribute. User agents must process the links on a per-link
+ basis, not a per-element basis.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Each link created for a <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element is handled separately. For
+ instance, if there are two <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements with <code title="">rel="stylesheet"</code>,
+ they each count as a separate external resource, and each is affected by its own attributes
+ independently. Similarly, if a single <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code> attribute with the value <code title="">next stylesheet</code>,
+ it creates both a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> (for the <code title=rel-next><a href=#link-type-next>next</a></code> keyword) and
+ an <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a> (for the <code title=rel-stylesheet><a href=#link-type-stylesheet>stylesheet</a></code>
+ keyword), and they are affected by other attributes (such as <code title=attr-link-media><a href=#attr-link-media>media</a></code> or <code title=attr-link-title><a href=#attr-link-title>title</a></code>)
+ differently.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, the following <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element creates two hyperlinks (to the same
+ page):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;link rel="author license" href="/about"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The two links created by this element are one whose semantic is that the target page has
+ information about the current page's author, and one whose semantic is that the target page has
+ information regarding the license under which the current page is provided.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-link-crossorigin title=attr-link-crossorigin><code>crossorigin</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#cors-settings-attribute>CORS
+ settings attribute</a>. It is intended for use with external resource links.</p>
+
+ <p>The exact behavior for links to external resources depends on the exact relationship, as
+ defined for the relevant link type. Some of the attributes control whether or not the external
+ resource is to be applied (as defined below).</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>For external resources that are represented in the DOM (for example, style sheets), the DOM
+ representation must be made available (modulo cross-origin restrictions) even if the resource is
+ not applied. To <dfn id=concept-link-obtain title=concept-link-obtain>obtain the resource</dfn>, the user agent must
+ run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>href</a></code> attribute's value is the empty string,
+ then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the <a href=#url>URL</a> given by the <code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>href</a></code> attribute, relative to the element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the previous step fails, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Do a <a href=#potentially-cors-enabled-fetch>potentially CORS-enabled fetch</a><!--FETCH--> of the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>, with the <i>mode</i> being the current state of the element's <code title=attr-link-crossorigin><a href=#attr-link-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> content attribute, the <i title="">origin</i>
+ being the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and the
+ <i>default origin behaviour</i> set to <i>taint</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The resource obtained in this fashion can be either <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a> or
+ <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>User agents may opt to only try to obtain such resources when they are needed, instead of
+ pro-actively <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching</a> all the external resources that are not
+ applied.</p>
+
+ <p>The semantics of the protocol used (e.g. HTTP) must be followed when fetching external
+ resources. (For example, redirects will be followed and 404 responses will cause the external
+ resource to not be applied.)</p>
+
+ <!-- the next few paragraph are similar to text in the <style> element section -->
+ <p>Once the attempts to obtain the resource and its <a href=#critical-subresources>critical subresources</a> are
+ complete, the user agent must, if the loads were successful, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element, or, if the resource or one of its <a href=#critical-subresources>critical subresources</a>
+ failed to completely load for any reason (e.g. DNS error, HTTP 404 response, a connection being
+ prematurely closed, unsupported Content-Type), <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element.
+ Non-network errors in processing the resource or its subresources (e.g. CSS parse errors, PNG
+ decoding errors) are not failures for the purposes of this paragraph.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for these <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM
+ manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The element must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of the element's document until all the
+ attempts to obtain the resource and its <a href=#critical-subresources>critical subresources</a> are complete.
+ (Resources that the user agent has not yet attempted to obtain, e.g. because it is waiting for the
+ resource to be needed, do not <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a>.)</p>
+
+ <hr><p id=linkui>Interactive user agents may provide users with a means to <a href=#following-hyperlinks title="following
+ hyperlinks">follow the hyperlinks</a> created using the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element, somewhere
+ within their user interface. The exact interface is not defined by this specification, but it
+ could include the following information (obtained from the element's attributes, again as defined
+ below), in some form or another (possibly simplified), for each hyperlink created with each
+ <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element in the document:</p>
+
+ <ul><!-- the order here is the order that makes most sense for a UI --><li>The relationship between this document and the resource (given by the <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code> attribute)</li>
+
+ <li>The title of the resource (given by the <code title=attr-link-title><a href=#attr-link-title>title</a></code>
+ attribute).</li>
+
+ <li>The address of the resource (given by the <code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute).</li>
+
+ <li>The language of the resource (given by the <code title=attr-link-hreflang><a href=#attr-link-hreflang>hreflang</a></code>
+ attribute).</li>
+
+ <li>The optimum media for the resource (given by the <code title=attr-link-media><a href=#attr-link-media>media</a></code>
+ attribute).</li>
+
+ </ul><p>User agents could also include other information, such as the type of the resource (as given by
+ the <code title=attr-link-type><a href=#attr-link-type>type</a></code> attribute).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>Hyperlinks created with the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element and its <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code> attribute apply to the whole page. This contrasts with the <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code> attribute of <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements,
+ which indicates the type of a link whose context is given by the link's location within the
+ document.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-link-media title=attr-link-media><code>media</code></dfn> attribute says which media the
+ resource applies to. The value must be a <a href=#valid-media-query>valid media query</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the link is a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> then the <code title=attr-link-media><a href=#attr-link-media>media</a></code>
+ attribute is purely advisory, and describes for which media the document in question was
+ designed.</p>
+
+ <p>However, if the link is an <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a>, then the <code title=attr-link-media><a href=#attr-link-media>media</a></code> attribute is prescriptive. The user agent must apply the
+ external resource when the <code title=attr-link-media><a href=#attr-link-media>media</a></code> attribute's value
+ <a href=#matches-the-environment>matches the environment</a> and the other relevant conditions apply, and must not apply
+ it otherwise.</p><!-- note similar text in <style> element section -->
+
+ <p class=note>The external resource might have further restrictions defined within that limit
+ its applicability. For example, a CSS style sheet might have some <code title="">@media</code>
+ blocks. This specification does not override such further restrictions or requirements.</p><!--
+ note similar text in <style> element section -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p id=default-media>The default, if the <code title=attr-link-media><a href=#attr-link-media>media</a></code> attribute is
+ omitted, is "<code title="">all</code>", meaning that by default links apply to all media.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-link-hreflang title=attr-link-hreflang><code>hreflang</code></dfn> attribute on the
+ <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element has the same semantics as the <a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><code>hreflang</code> attribute on <code>a</code> and
+ <code>area</code> elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-link-type title=attr-link-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute gives the <a href=#mime-type>MIME
+ type</a> of the linked resource. It is purely advisory. The value must be a <a href=#valid-mime-type>valid MIME
+ type</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For <a href=#external-resource-link title="external resource link">external resource links</a>, the <code title=attr-link-type><a href=#attr-link-type>type</a></code> attribute is used as a hint to user agents so that they can
+ avoid fetching resources they do not support. <span class=impl>If the attribute is present, then
+ the user agent must assume that the resource is of the given type (even if that is not a
+ <a href=#valid-mime-type>valid MIME type</a>, e.g. the empty string). If the attribute is omitted, but the
+ external resource link type has a default type defined, then the user agent must assume that the
+ resource is of that type. If the UA does not support the given <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> for the
+ given link relationship, then the UA should not <a href=#concept-link-obtain title=concept-link-obtain>obtain</a>
+ the resource; if the UA does support the given <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> for the given link
+ relationship, then the UA should <a href=#concept-link-obtain title=concept-link-obtain>obtain</a> the resource at
+ the appropriate time as specified for the <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a>'s particular type.
+ If the attribute is omitted, and the external resource link type does not have a default type
+ defined, but the user agent would <a href=#concept-link-obtain title=concept-link-obtain>obtain</a> the resource if
+ the type was known and supported, then the user agent should <a href=#concept-link-obtain title=concept-link-obtain>obtain</a> the resource under the assumption that it will be
+ supported.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents must not consider the <code title=attr-link-type><a href=#attr-link-type>type</a></code> attribute
+ authoritative &mdash; upon fetching the resource, user agents must not use the <code title=attr-link-type><a href=#attr-link-type>type</a></code> attribute to determine its actual type. Only the actual type
+ (as defined in the next paragraph) is used to determine whether to <em>apply</em> the resource,
+ not the aforementioned assumed type.</p>
+
+ <p id=concept-link-type-sniffing>If the external resource link type defines rules for processing
+ the resource's <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a>, then those rules apply.
+ Otherwise, if the resource is expected to be an image, user agents may apply the <a href=#content-type-sniffing:-image title="Content-Type sniffing: image">image sniffing rules</a>, with the <var title="">official
+ type</var> being the type determined from the resource's <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type
+ metadata</a>, and use the resulting sniffed type of the resource as if it was the actual type.
+ Otherwise, if neither of these conditions apply or if the user agent opts not to apply the image
+ sniffing rules, then the user agent must use the resource's <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a> to determine the type of the resource. If there
+ is no type metadata, but the external resource link type has a default type defined, then the user
+ agent must assume that the resource is of that type.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=rel-stylesheet><a href=#link-type-stylesheet>stylesheet</a></code> link type defines rules for
+ processing the resource's <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Once the user agent has established the type of the resource, the user agent must apply the
+ resource if it is of a supported type and the other relevant conditions apply, and must ignore the
+ resource otherwise.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>If a document contains style sheet links labeled as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;link rel="stylesheet" href="A" type="text/plain"&gt;
+&lt;link rel="stylesheet" href="B" type="text/css"&gt;
+&lt;link rel="stylesheet" href="C"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>...then a compliant UA that supported only CSS style sheets would fetch the B and C files, and
+ skip the A file (since <code>text/plain</code> is not the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> for CSS style
+ sheets).</p>
+
+ <p>For files B and C, it would then check the actual types returned by the server. For those that
+ are sent as <code>text/css</code>, it would apply the styles, but for those labeled as
+ <code>text/plain</code>, or any other type, it would not.</p>
+
+ <p>If one of the two files was returned without a <a href=#content-type>Content-Type</a> metadata, or with a
+ syntactically incorrect type like <code title="">Content-Type:&nbsp;"null"</code>, then the
+ default type for <code title=rel-stylesheet><a href=#link-type-stylesheet>stylesheet</a></code> links would kick in. Since that
+ default type is <code title="">text/css</code>, the style sheet <em>would</em> nonetheless be
+ applied.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-link-title title=attr-link-title><code>title</code></dfn> attribute gives the title of the
+ link. With one exception, it is purely advisory. The value is text. The exception is for style
+ sheet links, where the <code title=attr-link-title><a href=#attr-link-title>title</a></code> attribute defines
+ <a href=#alternative-style-sheet-sets>alternative style sheet sets</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-link-title><a href=#attr-link-title>title</a></code> attribute on <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>
+ elements differs from the global <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute of most other
+ elements in that a link without a title does not inherit the title of the parent element: it
+ merely has no title.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-link-sizes><a href=#attr-link-sizes>sizes</a></code> attribute is used with the <code title=rel-icon><a href=#rel-icon>icon</a></code> link type. The attribute must not be specified on <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>
+ elements that do not have a <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code> attribute that specifies the
+ <code title=rel-icon><a href=#rel-icon>icon</a></code> keyword.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> of <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements that create <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a> is to run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- c.f. <a> and <area>'s similar sections --><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>,
+ then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#following-hyperlinks title="following hyperlinks">Follow the hyperlink</a> created by the
+ <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>HTTP <code title=http-link>Link:</code> headers, if supported, must be assumed to come before
+ any links in the document, in the order that they were given in the HTTP message. These headers
+ are to be processed according to the rules given in the relevant specifications. <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a> <a href=#refsWEBLINK>[WEBLINK]</a></p> <!-- WEBLINK is ref for Link:
+ header -->
+
+ <p class=note>Registration of relation types in HTTP Link: headers is distinct from <a href=#linkTypes>HTML link types</a>, and thus their semantics can be different from same-named
+ HTML types.</p>
+
+ <p>The IDL attributes <dfn id=dom-link-href title=dom-link-href><code>href</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-link-rel title=dom-link-rel><code>rel</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-link-media title=dom-link-media><code>media</code></dfn>,
+ <dfn id=dom-link-hreflang title=dom-link-hreflang><code>hreflang</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-link-type title=dom-link-type><code>type</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-link-sizes title=dom-link-sizes><code>sizes</code></dfn> each must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective
+ content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-link-crossorigin title=dom-link-crossOrigin><code>crossOrigin</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-link-crossorigin><a href=#attr-link-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> content attribute,
+ <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The IDL attribute <dfn id=dom-link-rellist title=dom-link-rellist><code>relList</code></dfn> <span class=impl>must</span> <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#linkstyle>LinkStyle</a></code> interface is also implemented by this element. <a href=#refsCSSOM>[CSSOM]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, a set of <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements provide some style sheets:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!-- a persistent style sheet --&gt;
+&lt;link rel="stylesheet" href="default.css"&gt;
+
+&lt;!-- the preferred alternate style sheet --&gt;
+&lt;link rel="stylesheet" href="green.css" title="Green styles"&gt;
+
+&lt;!-- some alternate style sheets --&gt;
+&lt;link rel="alternate stylesheet" href="contrast.css" title="High contrast"&gt;
+&lt;link rel="alternate stylesheet" href="big.css" title="Big fonts"&gt;
+&lt;link rel="alternate stylesheet" href="wide.css" title="Wide screen"&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows how you can specify versions of the page that use alternative
+ formats, are aimed at other languages, and that are intended for other media:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;link rel=alternate href="/en/html" hreflang=en type=text/html title="English HTML"&gt;
+&lt;link rel=alternate href="/fr/html" hreflang=fr type=text/html title="French HTML"&gt;
+&lt;link rel=alternate href="/en/html/print" hreflang=en type=text/html media=print title="English HTML (for printing)"&gt;
+&lt;link rel=alternate href="/fr/html/print" hreflang=fr type=text/html media=print title="French HTML (for printing)"&gt;
+&lt;link rel=alternate href="/en/pdf" hreflang=en type=application/pdf title="English PDF"&gt;
+&lt;link rel=alternate href="/fr/pdf" hreflang=fr type=application/pdf title="French PDF"&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-meta-element><span class=secno>4.2.5 </span>The <dfn id=meta><code>meta</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#metadata-content>Metadata content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present: <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present: <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-meta-charset><a href=#attr-meta-charset>charset</a></code> attribute is present, or if the element's <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type>Encoding declaration state</a>: in a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code> attribute is present but not in the <a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type>Encoding declaration state</a>: in a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code> attribute is present but not in the <a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type>Encoding declaration state</a>: in a <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element that is a child of a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attribute is present: where <a href=#metadata-content>metadata content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present: where <a href=#metadata-content>metadata content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present: where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> &mdash; Metadata name</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code> &mdash; Pragma directive</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> &mdash; Value of the element</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-meta-charset><a href=#attr-meta-charset>charset</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#character-encoding-declaration>Character encoding declaration</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlmetaelement>HTMLMetaElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-meta-name title=dom-meta-name>name</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-meta-httpequiv title=dom-meta-httpEquiv>httpEquiv</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-meta-content title=dom-meta-content>content</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLMetaElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> various kinds of metadata that cannot be
+ expressed using the <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>,
+ and <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element can represent document-level metadata with the <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attribute, pragma directives with the <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code> attribute, and the file's <a href=#character-encoding-declaration>character encoding
+ declaration</a> when an HTML document is serialised to string form (e.g. for transmission over
+ the network or for disk storage) with the <code title=attr-meta-charset><a href=#attr-meta-charset>charset</a></code>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Exactly one of the <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code>, <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code>, <code title=attr-meta-charset><a href=#attr-meta-charset>charset</a></code>,
+ and <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attributes must be specified.</p>
+
+ <p>If either <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code>, <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code>, or <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> is
+ specified, then the <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> attribute must also be
+ specified. Otherwise, it must be omitted.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-meta-charset title=attr-meta-charset><code>charset</code></dfn> attribute specifies the character
+ encoding used by the document. This is a <a href=#character-encoding-declaration>character encoding declaration</a>. If the
+ attribute is present in an <a href=#xml-documents title="XML documents">XML document</a>, its value must be an
+ <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">UTF-8</code>" (and the
+ document is therefore forced to use UTF-8 as its encoding).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-meta-charset><a href=#attr-meta-charset>charset</a></code> attribute on the
+ <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element has no effect in XML documents, and is only allowed in order to
+ facilitate migration to and from XHTML.</p>
+
+ <p>There must not be more than one <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-meta-charset><a href=#attr-meta-charset>charset</a></code> attribute per document.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-meta-content title=attr-meta-content><code>content</code></dfn> attribute gives the value of the
+ document metadata or pragma directive when the element is used for those purposes. The allowed
+ values depend on the exact context, as described in subsequent sections of this specification.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element has a <dfn id=attr-meta-name title=attr-meta-name><code>name</code></dfn>
+ attribute, it sets document metadata. Document metadata is expressed in terms of name-value pairs,
+ the <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attribute on the <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element giving the
+ name, and the <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> attribute on the same element giving
+ the value. The name specifies what aspect of metadata is being set; valid names and the meaning of
+ their values are described in the following sections. If a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> attribute, then the value part of the metadata name-value
+ pair is the empty string.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-meta-name title=dom-meta-name><code>name</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-meta-content title=dom-meta-content><code>content</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ respective content attributes of the same name. The IDL attribute <dfn id=dom-meta-httpequiv title=dom-meta-httpEquiv><code>httpEquiv</code></dfn> must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content
+ attribute <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=standard-metadata-names><span class=secno>4.2.5.1 </span>Standard metadata names</h5>
+
+ <p>This specification defines a few names for the <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code>
+ attribute of the <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Names are case-insensitive<span class=impl>, and must be compared in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> manner</span>.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=meta-application-name title=meta-application-name><code>application-name</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value must be a short free-form string giving the name of the Web application that the
+ page represents. If the page is not a Web application, the <code title=meta-application-name><a href=#meta-application-name>application-name</a></code> metadata name must not be used.
+ Translations of the Web application's name may be given, using the <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang></a></code> attribute to specify the language of each name.</p>
+
+ <p>There must not be more than one <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element with a given <a href=#language>language</a>
+ and with its <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attribute set to the value <code title=meta-application-name><a href=#meta-application-name>application-name</a></code> per document.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents may use the application name in UI in preference to the page's
+ <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code>, since the title might include status messages and the like relevant to the
+ status of the page at a particular moment in time instead of just being the name of the
+ application.</p>
+
+ <p>To find the application name to use given an ordered list of languages (e.g. British English,
+ American English, and English), user agents must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">languages</var> be the list of languages.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">default language</var> be the <a href=#language>language</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#root-element-of-a-document-object title="root element of a Document object">root element</a>,
+ if any, and if that language is not unknown.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a <var title="">default language</var>, and if it is not the same language
+ as any of the languages in <var title="">languages</var>, append it to <var title="">languages</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">winning language</var> be the first language in <var title="">languages</var> for which there is a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element in the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that has its <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attribute set to
+ the value <code title=meta-application-name><a href=#meta-application-name>application-name</a></code> and whose
+ <a href=#language>language</a> is the language in question.</p>
+
+ <p>If none of the languages have such a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element, then abort these steps;
+ there's no given application name.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return the value of the <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> attribute of the
+ first <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> that
+ has its <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attribute set to the value <code title=meta-application-name><a href=#meta-application-name>application-name</a></code> and whose <a href=#language>language</a> is <var title="">winning language</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This algorithm would be used by a browser when it needs a name for the page, for
+ instance, to label a bookmark. The languages it would provide to the algorithm would be the
+ user's preferred languages.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=meta-author title=meta-author><code>author</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The value must be a free-form string giving the name of one of the page's
+ authors.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=meta-description title=meta-description><code>description</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The value must be a free-form string that describes the page. The value must be
+ appropriate for use in a directory of pages, e.g. in a search engine. There must not be more than
+ one <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element with its <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attribute set to
+ the value <code title=meta-description><a href=#meta-description>description</a></code> per document.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=meta-generator title=meta-generator><code>generator</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value must be a free-form string that identifies one of the software packages used to
+ generate the document. This value must not be used on pages whose markup is not generated by
+ software, e.g. pages whose markup was written by a user in a text editor.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is what a tool called "Frontweaver" could include in its output, in the page's
+ <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element, to identify itself as the tool used to generate the page:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;meta name=generator content="Frontweaver 8.2"&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=meta-keywords title=meta-keywords><code>keywords</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value must be a <a href=#set-of-comma-separated-tokens>set of comma-separated tokens</a>, each of which is a keyword
+ relevant to the page.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This page about typefaces on British motorways uses a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element to specify
+ some keywords that users might use to look for the page:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Typefaces on UK motorways&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;meta name="keywords" content="british,type face,font,fonts,highway,highways"&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ ...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>Many search engines do not consider such keywords, because this feature has
+ historically been used unreliably and even misleadingly as a way to spam search engine results
+ in a way that is not helpful for users.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>To obtain the list of keywords that the author has specified as applicable to the page, the
+ user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">keywords</var> be an empty list.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code>
+ attribute and a <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> attribute and whose <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attribute's value is <code title=meta-keywords><a href=#meta-keywords>keywords</a></code>, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#split-a-string-on-commas title="split a string on commas">Split the value of the element's <code title=attr-meta-content>content</code> attribute on commas</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add the resulting tokens, if any, to <var title="">keywords</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove any duplicates from <var title="">keywords</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">keywords</var>. This is the list of keywords that the author has
+ specified as applicable to the page.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>User agents should not use this information when there is insufficient confidence in the
+ reliability of the value.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For instance, it would be reasonable for a content management system to use
+ the keyword information of pages within the system to populate the index of a site-specific
+ search engine, but a large-scale content aggregator that used this information would likely find
+ that certain users would try to game its ranking mechanism through the use of inappropriate
+ keywords.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=other-metadata-names><span class=secno>4.2.5.2 </span>Other metadata names</h5>
+
+ <p><dfn id=concept-meta-extensions title=concept-meta-extensions>Extensions to the predefined set of metadata names</dfn>
+ may be registered in the <a href=http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/MetaExtensions>WHATWG Wiki
+ MetaExtensions page</a>. <a href=#refsWHATWGWIKI>[WHATWGWIKI]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Anyone is free to edit the WHATWG Wiki MetaExtensions page at any time to add a type. These new
+ names must be specified with the following information:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Keyword</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The actual name being defined. The name should not be confusingly similar to any other
+ defined name (e.g. differing only in case).</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Brief description</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A short non-normative description of what the metadata name's meaning is, including the
+ format the value is required to be in.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Specification</dt>
+
+ <dd>A link to a more detailed description of the metadata name's semantics and requirements. It
+ could be another page on the Wiki, or a link to an external page.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Synonyms</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A list of other names that have exactly the same processing requirements. Authors should
+ not use the names defined to be synonyms, they are only intended to allow user agents to support
+ legacy content. Anyone may remove synonyms that are not used in practice; only names that need to
+ be processed as synonyms for compatibility with legacy content are to be registered in this
+ way.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Status</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>One of the following:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Proposed</dt>
+
+ <dd>The name has not received wide peer review and approval. Someone has proposed it and is, or
+ soon will be, using it.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Ratified</dt>
+
+ <dd>The name has received wide peer review and approval. It has a specification that
+ unambiguously defines how to handle pages that use the name, including when they use it in
+ incorrect ways.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Discontinued</dt>
+
+ <dd>The metadata name has received wide peer review and it has been found wanting. Existing
+ pages are using this metadata name, but new pages should avoid it. The "brief description" and
+ "specification" entries will give details of what authors should use instead, if anything.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>If a metadata name is found to be redundant with existing values, it should be removed and
+ listed as a synonym for the existing value.</p>
+
+ <p>If a metadata name is registered in the "proposed" state for a period of a month or more
+ without being used or specified, then it may be removed from the registry.</p>
+
+ <p>If a metadata name is added with the "proposed" status and found to be redundant with
+ existing values, it should be removed and listed as a synonym for the existing value. If a
+ metadata name is added with the "proposed" status and found to be harmful, then it should be
+ changed to "discontinued" status.</p>
+
+ <p>Anyone can change the status at any time, but should only do so in accordance with the
+ definitions above.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Conformance checkers must use the information given on the WHATWG Wiki MetaExtensions page to
+ establish if a value is allowed or not: values defined in this specification or marked as
+ "proposed" or "ratified" must be accepted, whereas values marked as "discontinued" or not listed
+ in either this specification or on the aforementioned page must be rejected as invalid.
+ Conformance checkers may cache this information (e.g. for performance reasons or to avoid the use
+ of unreliable network connectivity).</p>
+
+ <p>When an author uses a new metadata name not defined by either this specification or the Wiki
+ page, conformance checkers should offer to add the value to the Wiki, with the details described
+ above, with the "proposed" status.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Metadata names whose values are to be <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> must not be proposed or
+ accepted. Links must be represented using the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element, not the <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=pragma-directives><span class=secno>4.2.5.3 </span>Pragma directives</h5>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=attr-meta-http-equiv title=attr-meta-http-equiv><code>http-equiv</code></dfn> attribute is specified
+ on a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element, the element is a pragma directive.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code> attribute is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated
+ attribute</a>. The following table lists the keywords defined for this attribute. The states
+ given in the first cell of the rows with keywords give the states to which those keywords map.
+ <span class=impl>Some of the keywords are non-conforming, as noted in the last
+ column.</span></p>
+
+<!-- things that are neither conforming nor do anything are commented out -->
+ <table id=table-http-equiv><thead><tr><th>State
+ <th>Keyword
+ <th>Notes
+ <tbody><tr class=impl><td><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-language title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-language>Content Language</a>
+ <td><code title="">content-language</code>
+ <td>Non-conforming
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type>Encoding declaration</a>
+ <td><code title="">content-type</code>
+ <td>
+<!--
+ <tr class="impl">
+ <td><span title="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-script-type">Content-Script-Type</span>
+ <td><code title="">Content-Script-Type</code>
+ <td>Non-conforming
+ <tr class="impl">
+ <td><span title="attr-meta-http-equiv-content-style-type">Content-Style-Type</span>
+ <td><code title="">Content-Style-Type</code>
+ <td>Non-conforming
+-->
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-default-style title=attr-meta-http-equiv-default-style>Default style</a>
+ <td><code title="">default-style</code>
+ <td>
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh title=attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh>Refresh</a>
+ <td><code title="">refresh</code>
+ <td>
+ <tr class=impl><td><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-set-cookie title=attr-meta-http-equiv-set-cookie>Cookie setter</a>
+ <td><code title="">set-cookie</code>
+ <td>Non-conforming
+ </table><!--
+DATA: According to Henri's validator stats, here are common
+non-conforming values used by people who validate (sample of 400
+pages):
+
+COUNT ERROR
+ 20 Bad value "Content-Language" for attribute "http-equiv" on element "meta".
+ 17 Bad value "Content-Style-Type" for attribute "http-equiv" on element "meta".
+ 12 Bad value "Expires" for attribute "http-equiv" on element "meta".
+ 11 Bad value "Pragma" for attribute "http-equiv" on element "meta".
+ 11 Bad value "imagetoolbar" for attribute "http-equiv" on element "meta".
+ 10 Bad value "Content-Script-Type" for attribute "http-equiv" on element "meta".
+ 10 Bad value "content-language" for attribute "http-equiv" on element "meta".
+ [...]
+http://hsivonen.iki.fi/test/moz/analysis.txt
+
+Here's some more data, this time from Philip`, on a sample of 15k pages.
+
+ COUNT VALUE
+ 1181 Content-Language
+ 430 Content-Style-Type
+ 342 imagetoolbar
+ 276 content-language
+ 269 Pragma
+ 260 expires
+ 227 Expires
+ 211 pragma
+ 146 Content-Script-Type
+ 132 keywords
+ 119 Page-Enter
+ 116 description
+ 106 reply-to
+ 102 Cache-Control
+ [...]
+http://philip.html5.org/data/meta-http-equiv.txt
+
+These numbers are low; further study is required to establish what
+people expect to have work and what is necessary.
+--><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element is <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a document">inserted
+ into the document</a>, if its <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code> attribute is
+ present and represents one of the above states, then the user agent must run the algorithm
+ appropriate for that state, as described in the following list:</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <dl><dt class=impl><dfn id=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-language title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-language>Content language state</dfn>
+ (<code title="">http-equiv="content-language"</code>)
+
+ <dd class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>This feature is non-conforming. Authors are encouraged to use the <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> attribute instead.</p>
+
+ <p>This pragma sets the <dfn id=pragma-set-default-language>pragma-set default language</dfn>. Until such a pragma is
+ successfully processed, there is no <a href=#pragma-set-default-language>pragma-set default language</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/html/meta/content-language/ -->
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code>
+ attribute, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element's <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> attribute contains a
+ U+002C COMMA character (,) then abort these steps.</li><!-- if you remove this,
+ un-comment-out the corresponding bits in the step below. -->
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the value of the element's <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> point at the first character of <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are not<!--neither--> <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a><!-- nor a U+002C COMMA character
+ (,)-->.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the string that resulted from the previous
+ step.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidate</var> is the empty string, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#pragma-set-default-language>pragma-set default language</a> to <var title="">candidate</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the value consists of multiple space-separated tokens, tokens after the
+ first are ignored.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This pragma is almost, but not quite, entirely unlike the HTTP
+ <code>Content-Language</code> header of the same name. <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type>Encoding declaration state</dfn> (<code title="">http-equiv="content-type"</code>)
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type>Encoding declaration state</a> is just
+ an alternative form of setting the <code title=meta-charset>charset</code> attribute: it is a
+ <a href=#character-encoding-declaration>character encoding declaration</a>. <span class=impl>This state's user agent
+ requirements are all handled by the parsing section of the specification.</span></p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> elements with an <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code>
+ attribute in the <a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type>Encoding declaration
+ state</a>, the <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> attribute must have a value
+ that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for a string that consists of: the literal
+ string "<code title="">text/html;</code>", optionally followed by any number of <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>, followed by the literal string "<code title="">charset=</code>", followed by one of the <a href=#encoding-label title="encoding label">labels</a> of
+ the <a href=#encoding title=encoding>character encoding</a> of the <a href=#character-encoding-declaration>character encoding
+ declaration</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A document must not contain both a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element with an <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code> attribute in the <a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type>Encoding declaration state</a> and a
+ <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element with the <code title=attr-meta-charset><a href=#attr-meta-charset>charset</a></code> attribute
+ present.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type>Encoding declaration state</a> may be
+ used in <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>, but elements with an <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code> attribute in that state must not be used in
+ <a href=#xml-documents>XML documents</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-meta-http-equiv-default-style title=attr-meta-http-equiv-default-style>Default style state</dfn> (<code title="">http-equiv="default-style"</code>)
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This pragma sets the name of the default <a href=#alternative-style-sheet-sets title="alternative style sheet
+ sets">alternative style sheet set</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code>
+ attribute, or if that attribute's value is the empty string, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#preferred-style-sheet-set>preferred style sheet set</a> to the value of the element's <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> attribute. <a href=#refsCSSOM>[CSSOM]</a></li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh title=attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh>Refresh state</dfn> (<code title="">http-equiv="refresh"</code>)
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This pragma acts as timed redirect.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <ol><!-- TESTS: http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/html/meta/refresh/ --><!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/734 --><li><p>If another <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element with an <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code> attribute in the <a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh title=attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh>Refresh state</a> has already been successfully
+ processed (i.e. when it was inserted the user agent processed it and reached the last step of
+ this list of steps), then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code>
+ attribute, or if that attribute's value is the empty string, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the value of the element's <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> point at the first character of <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, and
+ parse the resulting string using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a>. If
+ the sequence of characters collected is the empty string, then no number will have been parsed;
+ abort these steps. Otherwise, let <var title="">time</var> be the parsed number.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a> and
+ U+002E FULL STOP characters (.). Ignore any collected characters.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">url</var> be the address of the current page.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character in <var title="">input</var> pointed to by <var title="">position</var>
+ is a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) or a U+002C COMMA character (,), then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character. Otherwise, jump to the last step.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character in <var title="">input</var> pointed to by <var title="">position</var>
+ is a U+0055 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U character (U) or a U+0075 LATIN SMALL LETTER U character
+ (u), then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character. Otherwise, jump to the
+ last step.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character in <var title="">input</var> pointed to by <var title="">position</var>
+ is a U+0052 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R character (R) or a U+0072 LATIN SMALL LETTER R character
+ (r), then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character. Otherwise, jump to the
+ last step.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character in <var title="">input</var> pointed to by <var title="">position</var>
+ is s U+004C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L character (L) or a U+006C LATIN SMALL LETTER L character
+ (l), then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character. Otherwise, jump to the
+ last step.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character in <var title="">input</var> pointed to by <var title="">position</var>
+ is a U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=), then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character.
+ Otherwise, jump to the last step.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character in <var title="">input</var> pointed to by <var title="">position</var>
+ is either a U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (') or U+0022 QUOTATION MARK character ("), then let
+ <var title="">quote</var> be that character, and advance <var title="">position</var> to the
+ next character. Otherwise, let <var title="">quote</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">url</var> be equal to the substring of <var title="">input</var> from
+ the character at <var title="">position</var> to the end of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">quote</var> is not the empty string, and there is a character in <var title="">url</var> equal to <var title="">quote</var>, then truncate <var title="">url</var> at
+ that character, so that it and all subsequent characters are removed.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Strip any trailing <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a> from the end of
+ <var title="">url</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Strip any U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab), U+000A LINE FEED (LF), and U+000D CARRIAGE
+ RETURN (CR) characters from <var title="">url</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the <var title="">url</var> value to an
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, relative to the <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element. If this fails, abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Perform one or more of the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>
+
+ <p>After the refresh has come due (as defined below), if the user has not canceled the
+ redirect and if the <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active
+ sandboxing flag set</a> does not have the <a href=#sandboxed-automatic-features-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed automatic features browsing
+ context flag</a> set, <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV meta refresh--> the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to <var title="">url</var>, with
+ <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>, and with the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> as the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of the previous paragraph, a refresh is said to have come due as soon as
+ the <em>later</em> of the following two conditions occurs:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>At least <var title="">time</var> seconds have elapsed since the document has
+ <a href=#completely-loaded>completely loaded</a>, adjusted to take into account user or user agent
+ preferences.</li>
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/774 -->
+
+ <li>At least <var title="">time</var> seconds have elapsed since the <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code>
+ element was <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a document">inserted into the
+ <code>Document</code></a>, adjusted to take into account user or user agent
+ preferences.</li>
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/772 -->
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li><p>Provide the user with an interface that, when selected, <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigates</a><!--DONAV meta refresh--> a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to
+ <var title="">url</var>, with the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> as
+ the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Do nothing.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>In addition, the user agent may, as with anything, inform the user of any and all aspects
+ of its operation, including the state of any timers, the destinations of any timed redirects,
+ and so forth.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> elements with an <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code>
+ attribute in the <a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh title=attr-meta-http-equiv-refresh>Refresh state</a>, the <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> attribute must have a value consisting either of:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>just a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a>, or</li>
+
+ <li>a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a>, followed by a U+003B SEMICOLON character
+ (;)<!--(add this at some point once the browsers all support it) or a U+002C COMMA character
+ (,)-->, followed by one or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>, followed
+ by a substring that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">URL</code>", followed by a U+003D EQUALS SIGN character (=), followed by a <a href=#valid-url>valid
+ URL</a> that does not start with a literal U+0027 APOSTROPHE (') or U+0022 QUOTATION MARK
+ (") character.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>In the former case, the integer represents a number of seconds before the page is to be
+ reloaded; in the latter case the integer represents a number of seconds before the page is to be
+ replaced by the page at the given <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A news organization's front page could include the following markup in the page's
+ <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element, to ensure that the page automatically reloads from the server every
+ five minutes:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="300"&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A sequence of pages could be used as an automated slide show by making each page refresh to
+ the next page in the sequence, using markup such as the following:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="20; URL=page4.html"&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt class=impl><dfn id=attr-meta-http-equiv-set-cookie title=attr-meta-http-equiv-set-cookie>Cookie setter</dfn> (<code title="">http-equiv="set-cookie"</code>)
+
+ <dd class=impl>
+
+ <p>This pragma sets an HTTP cookie. <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a></p>
+
+ <p>It is non-conforming. Real HTTP headers should be used instead.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code>
+ attribute, or if that attribute's value is the empty string, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#obtain-the-storage-mutex>Obtain the storage mutex</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Act as if <a href=#receives-a-set-cookie-string title="receives a set-cookie-string">receiving a
+ set-cookie-string</a> for <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> via a "non-HTTP" API,
+ consisting of the value of the element's <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code>
+ attribute encoded as UTF-8. <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a> <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl><p>There must not be more than one <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element with any particular state in the
+ document at a time.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=other-pragma-directives><span class=secno>4.2.5.4 </span>Other pragma directives</h5>
+
+ <p><dfn id=concept-http-equiv-extensions title=concept-http-equiv-extensions>Extensions to the predefined set of pragma
+ directives</dfn> may, under certain conditions, be registered in the <a href=http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/PragmaExtensions>WHATWG Wiki PragmaExtensions page</a>. <a href=#refsWHATWGWIKI>[WHATWGWIKI]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Such extensions must use a name that is identical to an HTTP header registered in the Permanent
+ Message Header Field Registry, and must have behavior identical to that described for the HTTP
+ header. <a href=#refsIANAPERMHEADERS>[IANAPERMHEADERS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Pragma directives corresponding to headers describing metadata, or not requiring specific user
+ agent processing, must not be registered; instead, use <a href=#concept-meta-extensions title=concept-meta-extensions>metadata names</a>. Pragma directives corresponding to headers
+ that affect the HTTP processing model (e.g. caching) must not be registered, as they would result
+ in HTTP-level behavior being different for user agents that implement HTML than for user agents
+ that do not.</p>
+
+ <p>Anyone is free to edit the WHATWG Wiki PragmaExtensions page at any time to add a pragma
+ directive satisfying these conditions. Such registrations must specify the following
+ information:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Keyword</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The actual name being defined. The name must match a previously-registered HTTP name with
+ the same requirements.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Brief description</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A short non-normative description of the purpose of the pragma directive.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Specification</dt>
+
+ <dd>A link to the specification defining the corresponding HTTP header.</dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Conformance checkers must use the information given on the WHATWG Wiki PragmaExtensions page to
+ establish if a value is allowed or not: values defined in this specification or listed on the
+ aforementioned page must be accepted, whereas values not listed in either this specification or on
+ the aforementioned page must be rejected as invalid. Conformance checkers may cache this
+ information (e.g. for performance reasons or to avoid the use of unreliable network
+ connectivity).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=charset><span class=secno>4.2.5.5 </span>Specifying the document's character encoding</h5>
+
+ <!-- READ ME WHEN EDITING: if we ever move this to the "writing HTML" section, then we have to
+ duplicate the requirements in the parsing section for conformance checkers, and we have to make
+ sure that the requirements for charset="" apply even in XML, for the polyglot
+ hack. -->
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=character-encoding-declaration>character encoding declaration</dfn> is a mechanism by which the <a href=#encoding title=encoding>character encoding</a> used to store or transmit a document is specified.</p>
+
+ <p>The following restrictions apply to <a href=#character-encoding-declaration title="character encoding declaration">character
+ encoding declarations</a>:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The character encoding name given must be an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ one of the <a href=#encoding-label title="encoding label">labels</a> of the <a href=#encoding title=encoding>character
+ encoding</a> used to serialise the file. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></li>
+
+ <li>The character encoding declaration must be serialised without the use of <a href=#syntax-charref title=syntax-charref>character references</a> or character escapes of any kind.</li>
+
+ <li id=charset1024><span id=charset512 title="">The element containing the character encoding
+ declaration must be serialised completely within the first 1024 bytes of the
+ document.</span></li> <!-- span is for historical reasons, to keep an old ID alive -->
+
+ </ul><p>In addition, due to a number of restrictions on <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> elements, there can only be
+ one <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code>-based character encoding declaration per document.</p> <!-- conformance
+ criteria for this one are given in the XML spec, the <meta> section just after defining
+ charset="", and the character encoding pragma section. Note that you _can_ have two character
+ encoding declarations per document, if the document is an XML document and one is an XML
+ declaration, the other is <meta charset>, and the encoding is UTF-8. -->
+
+ <p>If an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML document</a> does not start with a BOM, and its
+ <a href=#encoding>encoding</a> is not explicitly given by <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type
+ metadata</a>, and the document is not <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a>, then the character encoding used must be
+ an <a href=#ascii-compatible-character-encoding>ASCII-compatible character encoding</a>, and the encoding must be specified using a
+ <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-meta-charset><a href=#attr-meta-charset>charset</a></code> attribute or a
+ <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element with an <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code> attribute
+ in the <a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type>Encoding declaration state</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A character encoding declaration is required (either in the <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a> or explicitly in the file) even if the encoding
+ is US-ASCII, because a character encoding is needed to process non-ASCII characters entered by the
+ user in forms, in URLs generated by scripts, and so forth.</p>
+
+ <p>If the document is <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code>
+ document</a>, the document must not have a <a href=#character-encoding-declaration>character encoding declaration</a>. (In
+ this case, the source is already decoded, since it is part of the document that contained the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>.)</p>
+
+ <p>If an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML document</a> contains a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element
+ with a <code title=attr-meta-charset><a href=#attr-meta-charset>charset</a></code> attribute or a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element
+ with an <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code> attribute in the <a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type title=attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type>Encoding declaration state</a>, then the character
+ encoding used must be an <a href=#ascii-compatible-character-encoding>ASCII-compatible character encoding</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors should use UTF-8. Conformance checkers may advise authors against using legacy
+ encodings. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Authoring tools should default to using UTF-8 for newly-created documents. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Encodings in which a series of bytes in the range 0x20 to 0x7E can encode characters other than
+ the corresponding characters in the range U+0020 to U+007E represent a potential security
+ vulnerability: a user agent that does not support the encoding (or does not support the label used
+ to declare the encoding, or does not use the same mechanism to detect the encoding of unlabeled
+ content as another user agent) might end up interpreting technically benign plain text content as
+ HTML tags and JavaScript. Authors should therefore not use these encodings. For example, this
+ applies to encodings in which the bytes corresponding to "<code title="">&lt;script&gt;</code>" in
+ ASCII can encode a different string. Authors should not use such encodings, which are known to
+ include JIS_C6226-1983<!-- aka JIS-X-0208, x-JIS0208 -->, JIS_X0212-1990<!-- aka JIS-X-0212 -->,
+ HZ-GB-2312<!-- has crazy handling of ASCII "~" -->, JOHAB <!-- a supplementary encoding in KS C
+ 5601-1992 Annex 3 (= KS X 1001:1998 Annex 3) --> (Windows code page 1361), encodings based on
+ ISO-2022<!-- http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20090628#l-422 and
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-October/023797.html -->, and encodings
+ based on EBCDIC. Furthermore, authors must not use the CESU-8, UTF-7, BOCU-1 and SCSU encodings,
+ which also fall into this category; these encodings were never intended for use for Web content.
+ <a href=#refsRFC1345>[RFC1345]</a><!-- for the JIS types -->
+ <a href=#refsRFC1842>[RFC1842]</a><!-- HZ-GB-2312 -->
+ <a href=#refsRFC1468>[RFC1468]</a><!-- ISO-2022-JP -->
+ <a href=#refsRFC2237>[RFC2237]</a><!-- ISO-2022-JP-1 -->
+ <a href=#refsRFC1554>[RFC1554]</a><!-- ISO-2022-JP-2 -->
+ <a href=#refsCP50220>[CP50220]</a><!-- CP50220, the compatibility replacement for ISO-2022-JP -->
+ <a href=#refsRFC1922>[RFC1922]</a><!-- ISO-2022-CN and ISO-2022-CN-EXT -->
+ <a href=#refsRFC1557>[RFC1557]</a><!-- ISO-2022-KR -->
+ <a href=#refsCESU8>[CESU8]</a>
+ <a href=#refsUTF7>[UTF7]</a>
+ <a href=#refsBOCU1>[BOCU1]</a>
+ <a href=#refsSCSU>[SCSU]</a>
+ <!-- no idea what to reference for JOHAB or EBCDIC, so... -->
+ </p>
+
+ <p>Authors should not use UTF-32, as the encoding detection algorithms described in this
+ specification intentionally do not distinguish it from UTF-16. <a href=#refsUNICODE>[UNICODE]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>Using non-UTF-8 encodings can have unexpected results on form submission and URL
+ encodings, which use the <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a> by default.</p>
+
+ <p>In XHTML, the XML declaration should be used for inline character encoding information, if
+ necessary.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In HTML, to declare that the character encoding is UTF-8, the author could include the
+ following markup near the top of the document (in the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;meta charset="utf-8"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In XML, the XML declaration would be used instead, at the very top of the markup:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-style-element><span class=secno>4.2.6 </span>The <dfn><code>style</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#metadata-content>Metadata content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-style-scoped><a href=#attr-style-scoped>scoped</a></code> attribute is present: <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-style-scoped><a href=#attr-style-scoped>scoped</a></code> attribute is absent: where <a href=#metadata-content>metadata content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-style-scoped><a href=#attr-style-scoped>scoped</a></code> attribute is absent: in a <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element that is a child of a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-style-scoped><a href=#attr-style-scoped>scoped</a></code> attribute is present: where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected, but before any other <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> other than <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a> and <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> elements, and not as the child of an element whose content model is <a href=#transparent>transparent</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Depends on the value of the <code title=attr-style-type><a href=#attr-style-type>type</a></code> attribute, but must match requirements described in prose below.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-style-media><a href=#attr-style-media>media</a></code> &mdash; Applicable media</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-style-type><a href=#attr-style-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Type of embedded resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-style-scoped><a href=#attr-style-scoped>scoped</a></code> &mdash; Whether the styles apply to the entire document or just the parent subtree</dd>
+ <dd>Also, the <code title=attr-style-title><a href=#attr-style-title>title</a></code> attribute <a href=#attr-style-title title=attr-style-title>has special semantics</a> on this element: Alternative style sheet set name.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlstyleelement>HTMLStyleElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-style-media title=dom-style-media>media</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-style-type title=dom-style-type>type</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-style-scoped title=dom-style-scoped>scoped</a>;
+};
+<a href=#htmlstyleelement>HTMLStyleElement</a> implements <a href=#linkstyle>LinkStyle</a>;</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element allows authors to embed style information in their documents.
+ The <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element is one of several inputs to the styling processing
+ model. The element does not <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> content for the
+ user.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-style-type title=attr-style-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute gives the styling language.
+ If the attribute is present, its value must be a <a href=#valid-mime-type>valid MIME type</a> that designates a
+ styling language. The <code title="">charset</code> parameter must not be specified. The default
+ value for the <code title=attr-style-type><a href=#attr-style-type>type</a></code> attribute, which is used if the attribute
+ is absent, is "<code title="">text/css</code>". <a href=#refsRFC2318>[RFC2318]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <!-- similar paragraph is also present in the <script> element section --> <p>When examining types
+ to determine if they support the language, user agents must not ignore unknown MIME parameters
+ &mdash; types with unknown parameters must be assumed to be unsupported. The <code title="">charset</code> parameter must be treated as an unknown parameter for the purpose of
+ comparing <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> here.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-style-media title=attr-style-media><code>media</code></dfn> attribute says which media the
+ styles apply to. The value must be a <a href=#valid-media-query>valid media query</a>. <span class=impl>The user
+ agent must apply the styles when the <code title=attr-style-media><a href=#attr-style-media>media</a></code> attribute's
+ value <a href=#matches-the-environment>matches the environment</a> and the other relevant conditions apply, and must not
+ apply them otherwise.</span></p><!-- note similar text in <link> element section -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>The styles might be further limited in scope, e.g. in CSS with the use of <code title="">@media</code> blocks. This specification does not override such further restrictions or
+ requirements.</p><!-- note similar text in <link> element section -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p id=style-default-media>The default, if the <code title=attr-style-media><a href=#attr-style-media>media</a></code>
+ attribute is omitted, is "<code title="">all</code>", meaning that by default styles apply to all
+ media.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-style-scoped title=attr-style-scoped><code>scoped</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. If present, it indicates that the styles are intended just for the subtree
+ rooted at the <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element's parent element, as opposed to the whole
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-style-scoped><a href=#attr-style-scoped>scoped</a></code> attribute is present and the element has a
+ parent element, then the <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element must precede any <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> in
+ its parent element other than <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a> and other <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>
+ elements, and the parent element's content model must not have a <a href=#transparent>transparent</a>
+ component.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This implies that scoped <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> elements cannot be children of, e.g.,
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> elements, even when those are used as <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>
+ containers.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element <em>without</em> a <code title=attr-style-scoped><a href=#attr-style-scoped>scoped</a></code> attribute is restricted to appearing in the
+ <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> of the document.</p>
+
+ <p>A style sheet declared by a <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element that has a <code title=attr-style-scoped><a href=#attr-style-scoped>scoped</a></code> attribute and has a parent node that is an element is
+ <i>scoped</i>, with the <i>scoping root</i> being the <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element's parent
+ element. <a href=#refsCSSSCOPED>[CSSSCOPED]</a></p>
+
+ <!-- <p class="note">Currently, this is only defined for CSS.</p> -->
+
+ <p id=title-on-style>The <dfn id=attr-style-title title=attr-style-title><code>title</code></dfn> attribute on
+ <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> elements defines <a href=#alternative-style-sheet-sets>alternative style sheet sets</a>. If the
+ <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-style-title><a href=#attr-style-title>title</a></code> attribute, then it
+ has no title; the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute of ancestors does not apply to
+ the <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element. <a href=#refsCSSOM>[CSSOM]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-style-title><a href=#attr-style-title>title</a></code> attribute on <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>
+ elements, like the <code title=attr-link-title><a href=#attr-link-title>title</a></code> attribute on <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>
+ elements, differs from the global <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute in that a
+ <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> block without a title does not inherit the title of the parent element: it
+ merely has no title.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> of a <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element must match the <code title="">style</code> production in the following ABNF, the character set for which is Unicode. <a href=#refsABNF>[ABNF]</a></p>
+
+ <pre>style = no-c-start *( c-start no-c-end c-end no-c-start )
+no-c-start = &lt; any string that doesn't contain a substring that matches c-start &gt;
+c-start = "&lt;!--"
+no-c-end = &lt; any string that doesn't contain a substring that matches c-end &gt;
+c-end = "--&gt;"</pre>
+
+ <!-- Unmatched comment-like syntax is invalid on a temporary basis,
+ waiting for IE, WebKit, and Opera to fix their parsing bug
+ whereby such comments trigger a weird escape in which </style>
+ is ignored. Otherwise, parsing behaviour in those browsers
+ could differ substantially from the parsing behaviour of HTML5.
+ Once everyone follows the HTML5 spec, we can drop this
+ requirement.
+ -->
+
+ <hr><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Whenever one of the following conditions occur:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>the element is popped off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> of an <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a> or <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>,
+
+ <li>the element is not on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> of an <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>
+ or <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>, and it is <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a
+ document">inserted into a document</a> or <a href=#remove-an-element-from-a-document title="remove an element from a
+ document">removed from a document</a>,
+
+ <li>the element is not on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> of an <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>
+ or <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>, and one of its child nodes is modified by a script,
+
+ </ul><p>...the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to invoke the <dfn id=update-a-style-block>update a <code>style</code>
+ block</dfn> algorithm that applies for the style sheet language specified by the element's <code title=attr-style-type><a href=#attr-style-type>type</a></code> attribute, passing it the element's <dfn id=style-data>style
+ data</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>For styling languages that consist of pure text (as opposed to XML), a <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>
+ element's <a href=#style-data>style data</a> is the concatenation of the contents of all the
+ <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes that are children of the <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element (not any other nodes
+ such as comments or elements), in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>. For XML-based styling languages, the
+ <a href=#style-data>style data</a> consists of all the child nodes of the <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#update-a-style-block>update a <code>style</code> block</a> algorithm for CSS (<code>text/css</code>) is
+ as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">element</var> be the <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">element</var> has an <a href=#associated-css-style-sheet>associated CSS style sheet</a>, <a href=#remove-a-css-style-sheet title="remove a CSS style sheet">remove the CSS style sheet</a> in question.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">element</var> is not <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a>, then abort
+ these steps.</li> <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2740 -->
+
+ <!-- note that the browsing context isn't needed: http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2739 -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#create-a-css-style-sheet>Create a CSS style sheet</a> with the following properties:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-type title=concept-css-style-sheet-type>type</a></dt>
+ <dd><p><code title="">text/css</code></dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-owner-node title=concept-css-style-sheet-owner-node>owner node</a></dt>
+ <dd><p><var title="">element</var></dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-media title=concept-css-style-sheet-media>media</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-style-media><a href=#attr-style-media>media</a></code> attribute of <var title="">element</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is a reference to the (possibly absent at this time) attribute, rather
+ than a copy of the attribute's current value. The CSSOM specification defines what happens
+ when the attribute is dynamically set, changed, or removed.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-title title=concept-css-style-sheet-title>title</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-style-title><a href=#attr-style-title>title</a></code> attribute of <var title="">element</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Again, this is a <em>reference</em> to the attribute.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-alternate-flag title=concept-css-style-sheet-alternate-flag>alternate flag</a></dt>
+ <dd><p>Unset.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-origin-clean-flag title=concept-css-style-sheet-origin-clean-flag>origin-clean flag</a></dt>
+ <dd><p>Set.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-location title=concept-css-style-sheet-location>location</a></dt>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-parent-css-style-sheet title=concept-css-style-sheet-parent-CSS-style-sheet>parent CSS style sheet</a></dt>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-owner-css-rule title=concept-css-style-sheet-owner-CSS-rule>owner CSS rule</a></dt>
+ <dd><p>null</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-disabeld-flag title=concept-css-style-sheet-disabeld-flag>disabled flag</a></dt>
+ <dd><p>Left at its default value.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-css-rules title=concept-css-style-sheet-CSS-rules>CSS rules</a></dt>
+ <dd><p>Left uninitialized.</dd>
+
+ </dl><!-- <p>All <span title="URL">URLs</span> found by the styling language's processor must be
+ <span title="resolve a url">resolved</span>, relative to the element (or as defined by the
+ styling language), when the processor is invoked.</p>--><!-- so dynamic changes to the base URL
+ don't affect the CSS --></li>
+
+ </ol><p>This specification does not define any other styling language's <i><a href=#update-a-style-block>update a <code>style</code>
+ block</a></i> algorithm.</p>
+
+ <!-- the next few paragraph are similar to text in the <link> section -->
+ <p>Once the attempts to obtain the style sheet's <a href=#critical-subresources>critical subresources</a>, if any, are
+ complete, or, if the style sheet has no <a href=#critical-subresources>critical subresources</a>, once the style sheet
+ has been parsed and processed, the user agent must, if the loads were successful or there were
+ none, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element, or, if one of the style sheet's
+ <a href=#critical-subresources>critical subresources</a> failed to completely load for any reason (e.g. DNS error, HTTP
+ 404 response, a connection being prematurely closed, unsupported Content-Type), <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at
+ the <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element. Non-network errors in processing the style sheet or its
+ subresources (e.g. CSS parse errors, PNG decoding errors) are not failures for the purposes of
+ this paragraph.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for these <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM
+ manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The element must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of the element's document until all the
+ attempts to obtain the style sheet's <a href=#critical-subresources>critical subresources</a>, if any, are complete.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>This specification does not specify a style system, but CSS is expected to be
+ supported by most Web browsers. <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-style-media title=dom-style-media><code>media</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-style-type title=dom-style-type><code>type</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-style-scoped title=dom-style-scoped><code>scoped</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#linkstyle>LinkStyle</a></code> interface is also implemented by this element. <a href=#refsCSSOM>[CSSOM]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following document has its stress emphasis styled as bright red text rather than italics
+ text, while leaving titles of works and Latin words in their default italics. It shows how using
+ appropriate elements enables easier restyling of documents.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
+&lt;html lang="en-US"&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;My favorite book&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;style&gt;
+ body { color: black; background: white; }
+ em { font-style: normal; color: red; }
+ &lt;/style&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My &lt;em&gt;favorite&lt;/em&gt; book of all time has &lt;em&gt;got&lt;/em&gt; to be
+ &lt;cite&gt;A Cat's Life&lt;/cite&gt;. It is a book by P. Rahmel that talks
+ about the &lt;i lang="la"&gt;Felis Catus&lt;/i&gt; in modern human society.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=interactions-of-styling-and-scripting><span class=secno>4.2.7 </span>Interactions of styling and scripting</h4>
+
+ <p>Style sheets, whether added by a <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element, an
+ <code>&lt;?xml-stylesheet&gt;</code> PI, an HTTP <code title=http-link>Link:</code> header, or some
+ other mechanism, have a <dfn id=style-sheet-ready>style sheet ready</dfn> flag, which is initially unset.</p>
+
+ <p>When a style sheet is ready to be applied, its <a href=#style-sheet-ready>style sheet ready</a> flag must be set.
+ If the style sheet referenced no other resources (e.g. it was an internal style sheet given by a
+ <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element with no <code title="">@import</code> rules), then the style rules must
+ be synchronously made available to script; otherwise, the style rules must only be made available
+ to script once the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> reaches its <i>update the rendering</i> step.</p>
+
+ <p>A style sheet in the context of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of an <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> or
+ <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> is said to be <dfn id=a-style-sheet-that-is-blocking-scripts>a style sheet that is blocking scripts</dfn> if the
+ element was created by that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s parser, and the element is either a
+ <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element or a <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element that was an <a href=#link-type-stylesheet title=rel-stylesheet>external resource link that contributes to the styling processing
+ model</a> when the element was created by the parser, and the element's style sheet was enabled
+ when the element was created by the parser, and the element's <a href=#style-sheet-ready>style sheet ready</a> flag
+ is not yet set, and, the last time the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> reached step 1, the element was
+ <a href=#in-a-document title="in a document">in that <code>Document</code></a>, and the user agent hasn't given
+ up on that particular style sheet yet. A user agent may give up on a style sheet at any time.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Giving up on a style sheet before the style sheet loads, if the style sheet
+ eventually does still load, means that the script might end up operating with incorrect
+ information. For example, if a style sheet sets the color of an element to green, but a script
+ that inspects the resulting style is executed before the sheet is loaded, the script will find
+ that the element is black (or whatever the default color is), and might thus make poor choices
+ (e.g. deciding to use black as the color elsewhere on the page, instead of green). Implementors
+ have to balance the likelihood of a script using incorrect information with the performance impact
+ of doing nothing while waiting for a slow network request to finish.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <dfn id=has-a-style-sheet-that-is-blocking-scripts>has a style sheet that is blocking scripts</dfn> if there is
+ either <a href=#a-style-sheet-that-is-blocking-scripts>a style sheet that is blocking scripts</a> in the context of that
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, or if that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> that
+ has a <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent browsing context</a>, and the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of that
+ <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent browsing context</a> itself <a href=#has-a-style-sheet-that-is-blocking-scripts>has a style sheet that is blocking
+ scripts</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <dfn id=has-no-style-sheet-that-is-blocking-scripts>has no style sheet that is blocking scripts</dfn> if it does not
+ <a href=#has-a-style-sheet-that-is-blocking-scripts title="has a style sheet that is blocking scripts">have a style sheet that is blocking
+ scripts</a> as defined in the previous paragraph.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=sections><span class=secno>4.3 </span>Sections</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=the-body-element><span class=secno>4.3.1 </span>The <dfn><code>body</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#sectioning-root>Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As the second element in an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> can be omitted
+ if the element is empty, or if the first thing inside the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element is not a
+ <a href=#space-character>space character</a> or a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>, except if the
+ first thing inside the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element is a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element. <!-- Note that even if
+ the </head> end tag is present, the parser makes <style> and <script> elements between </head> and
+ <body> end up in the <head> instead of implying the <body> --></dd>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element is not immediately followed by a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-onafterprint><a href=#handler-window-onafterprint>onafterprint</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-onbeforeprint><a href=#handler-window-onbeforeprint>onbeforeprint</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-onbeforeunload><a href=#handler-window-onbeforeunload>onbeforeunload</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-onhashchange><a href=#handler-window-onhashchange>onhashchange</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-onlanguagechange><a href=#handler-window-onlanguagechange>onlanguagechange</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-onmessage><a href=#handler-window-onmessage>onmessage</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-onoffline><a href=#handler-window-onoffline>onoffline</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-ononline><a href=#handler-window-ononline>ononline</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-onpagehide><a href=#handler-window-onpagehide>onpagehide</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-onpageshow><a href=#handler-window-onpageshow>onpageshow</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-onpopstate><a href=#handler-window-onpopstate>onpopstate</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-onstorage><a href=#handler-window-onstorage>onstorage</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=handler-window-onunload><a href=#handler-window-onunload>onunload</a></code></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlbodyelement>HTMLBodyElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLBodyElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};
+<a href=#htmlbodyelement>HTMLBodyElement</a> implements <a href=#windoweventhandlers>WindowEventHandlers</a>;</pre>
+</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the main content of the document.</p>
+
+ <p>In conforming documents, there is only one <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element. The <code title=dom-document-body><a href=#dom-document-body>document.body</a></code> IDL attribute provides scripts with easy access to
+ a document's <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>Some DOM operations (for example, parts of the <a href=#dnd>drag and drop</a> model)
+ are defined in terms of "<a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a>". This refers to a particular element in
+ the DOM, as per the definition of the term, and not any arbitrary <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element exposes as <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event handler content attributes</a> a number
+ of the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object. It also mirrors their
+ <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=handler-onblur><a href=#handler-onblur>onblur</a></code>, <code title=handler-onerror><a href=#handler-onerror>onerror</a></code>,
+ <code title=handler-onfocus><a href=#handler-onfocus>onfocus</a></code>, <code title=handler-onload><a href=#handler-onload>onload</a></code>, <code title=handler-onresize><a href=#handler-onresize>onresize</a></code>, and <code title=handler-onscroll><a href=#handler-onscroll>onscroll</a></code>
+ <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, exposed on the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>
+ element, replace the generic <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> with the same names normally supported by
+ <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Thus, for example, a bubbling <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> event
+ dispatched on a child of <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a> of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> would first
+ trigger the <code title=handler-onerror><a href=#handler-onerror>onerror</a></code> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event handler content
+ attributes</a> of that element, then that of the root <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, and only
+ <em>then</em> would it trigger the <code title=handler-onerror><a href=#handler-onerror>onerror</a></code> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">event handler content attribute</a> on the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element. This is because the event would bubble from the target, to the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>, to the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code>, to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, to the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>, and the <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a> on the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> is watching the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> not the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>. A regular event
+ listener attached to the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> using <code title="">addEventListener()</code>,
+ however, would be run when the event bubbled through the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> and not when it reaches
+ the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This page updates an indicator to show whether or not the user is online:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Online or offline?&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ function update(online) {
+ document.getElementById('status').textContent =
+ online ? 'Online' : 'Offline';
+ }
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body ononline="update(true)"
+ onoffline="update(false)"
+ onload="update(navigator.onLine)"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;You are: &lt;span id="status"&gt;(Unknown)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-article-element><span class=secno>4.3.2 </span>The <dfn><code>article</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#sectioning-content>Sectioning content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a complete, or self-contained,
+ composition in a document, page, application, or site and that is, in principle, independently
+ distributable or reusable, e.g. in syndication. This could be a forum post, a magazine or
+ newspaper article, a blog entry, a user-submitted comment, an interactive widget or gadget, or any
+ other independent item of content.</p>
+
+ <!-- for context regarding "site", see http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20130306#l-152 -->
+
+ <p>When <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> elements are nested, the inner <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> elements
+ represent articles that are in principle related to the contents of the outer article. For
+ instance, a blog entry on a site that accepts user-submitted comments could represent the comments
+ as <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> elements nested within the <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element for the blog
+ entry.</p>
+
+ <p>Author information associated with an <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element (q.v. the
+ <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> element) does not apply to nested <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>When used specifically with content to be redistributed in syndication, the
+ <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element is similar in purpose to the <code title="">entry</code> element in
+ Atom. <a href=#refsATOM>[ATOM]</a>
+
+ <p class=note>The schema.org microdata vocabulary can be used to provide the publication date
+ for an <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element, using one of the CreativeWork subtypes.</p>
+
+ <p>When the main content of the page (i.e. excluding footers, headers, navigation blocks, and
+ sidebars) is all one single self-contained composition, that content may be marked with an
+ <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>, but it is technically redundant in that case (since it's self-evident that
+ the page is a single composition, as it is a single document).</p>
+
+ <div id=article-example class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows a blog post using the <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element, with some schema.org
+ annotations:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting"&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1 itemprop="headline"&gt;The Very First Rule of Life&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2009-10-09"&gt;3 days ago&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;link itemprop="url" href="?comments=0"&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;If there's a microphone anywhere near you, assume it's hot and
+ sending whatever you're saying to the world. Seriously.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;<em>...</em>&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;a itemprop="discussionUrl" href="?comments=1"&gt;Show comments...&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here is that same blog post, but showing some of the comments:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting"&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1 itemprop="headline"&gt;The Very First Rule of Life&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2009-10-09"&gt;3 days ago&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;link itemprop="url" href="?comments=0"&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;If there's a microphone anywhere near you, assume it's hot and
+ sending whatever you're saying to the world. Seriously.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;<em>...</em>&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Comments&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;article itemprop="comment" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/UserComments" id="c1"&gt;
+ &lt;link itemprop="url" href="#c1"&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Posted by: &lt;span itemprop="creator" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;George Washington&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;time itemprop="commentTime" datetime="2009-10-10"&gt;15 minutes ago&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Yeah! Especially when talking about your lobbyist friends!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;article itemprop="comment" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/UserComments" id="c2"&gt;
+ &lt;link itemprop="url" href="#c2"&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Posted by: &lt;span itemprop="creator" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;George Hammond&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;time itemprop="commentTime" datetime="2009-10-10"&gt;5 minutes ago&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Hey, you have the same first name as me.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Notice the use of <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code> to give the information for each comment (such as who
+ wrote it and when): the <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code> element <em>can</em> appear at the start of its
+ section when appropriate, such as in this case. (Using <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code> in this case wouldn't
+ be wrong either; it's mostly a matter of authoring preference.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-section-element><span class=secno>4.3.3 </span>The <dfn><code>section</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#sectioning-content>Sectioning content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a generic section of a document or
+ application. A section, in this context, is a thematic grouping of content, typically with a
+ heading.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Examples of sections would be chapters, the various tabbed pages in a tabbed
+ dialog box, or the numbered sections of a thesis. A Web site's home page could be split into
+ sections for an introduction, news items, and contact information.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Authors are encouraged to use the <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element instead of the
+ <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> element when it would make sense to syndicate the contents of the
+ element.</p>
+
+ <p class=note id=use-div-for-wrappers>The <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> element is not a generic
+ container element. When an element is needed only for styling purposes or as a convenience for
+ scripting, authors are encouraged to use the <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element instead. A general rule is
+ that the <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> element is appropriate only if the element's contents would be
+ listed explicitly in the document's <a href=#outline>outline</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, we see an article (part of a larger Web page) about apples,
+ containing two short sections.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Apples&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Tasty, delicious fruit!&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;/hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Red Delicious&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;These bright red apples are the most common found in many
+ supermarkets.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Granny Smith&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;These juicy, green apples make a great filling for
+ apple pies.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Notice how the use of <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> means that the author can use <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>
+ elements throughout, without having to worry about whether a particular section is at the top
+ level, the second level, the third level, and so on.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is a graduation programme with two sections, one for the list of people graduating, and
+ one for the description of the ceremony. (The markup in this example features an uncommon style
+ sometimes used to minimise the amount of <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a>.)</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE Html&gt;
+&lt;Html
+ &gt;&lt;Head
+ &gt;&lt;Title
+ &gt;Graduation Ceremony Summer 2022&lt;/Title
+ &gt;&lt;/Head
+ &gt;&lt;Body
+ &gt;&lt;H1
+ &gt;Graduation&lt;/H1
+ &gt;&lt;Section
+ &gt;&lt;H1
+ &gt;Ceremony&lt;/H1
+ &gt;&lt;P
+ &gt;Opening Procession&lt;/P
+ &gt;&lt;P
+ &gt;Speech by Validactorian&lt;/P
+ &gt;&lt;P
+ &gt;Speech by Class President&lt;/P
+ &gt;&lt;P
+ &gt;Presentation of Diplomas&lt;/P
+ &gt;&lt;P
+ &gt;Closing Speech by Headmaster&lt;/P
+ &gt;&lt;/Section
+ &gt;&lt;Section
+ &gt;&lt;H1
+ &gt;Graduates&lt;/H1
+ &gt;&lt;Ul
+ &gt;&lt;Li
+ &gt;Molly Carpenter&lt;/Li
+ &gt;&lt;Li
+ &gt;Anastasia Luccio&lt;/Li
+ &gt;&lt;Li
+ &gt;Ebenezar McCoy&lt;/Li
+ &gt;&lt;Li
+ &gt;Karrin Murphy&lt;/Li
+ &gt;&lt;Li
+ &gt;Thomas Raith&lt;/Li
+ &gt;&lt;Li
+ &gt;Susan Rodriguez&lt;/Li
+ &gt;&lt;/Ul
+ &gt;&lt;/Section
+ &gt;&lt;/Body
+&gt;&lt;/Html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a book author has marked up some sections as chapters and some as appendices,
+ and uses CSS to style the headers in these two classes of section differently. The whole book is
+ wrapped in an <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element as part of an even larger document containing other
+ books.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article class="book"&gt;
+ &lt;style&gt;
+ section { border: double medium; margin: 2em; }
+ section.chapter h1 { font: 2em Roboto, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; }
+ section.appendix h1 { font: small-caps 2em Roboto, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; }
+ &lt;/style&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My Book&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;A sample with not much content&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;/hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;Published by Dummy Publicorp Ltd.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;section class="chapter"&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My First Chapter&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;This is the first of my chapters. It doesn't say much.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;But it has two paragraphs!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section class="chapter"&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;It Continutes: The Second Chapter&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Bla dee bla, dee bla dee bla. Boom.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section class="chapter"&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Chapter Three: A Further Example&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;It's not like a battle between brightness and earthtones would go
+ unnoticed.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;But it might ruin my story.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section class="appendix"&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Appendix A: Overview of Examples&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;These are demonstrations.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section class="appendix"&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Appendix B: Some Closing Remarks&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Hopefully this long example shows that you &lt;em&gt;can&lt;/em&gt; style
+ sections, so long as they are used to indicate actual sections.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-nav-element><span class=secno>4.3.4 </span>The <dfn><code>nav</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#sectioning-content>Sectioning content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>, but with no <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a section of a page that links to other
+ pages or to parts within the page: a section with navigation links.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Not all groups of links on a page need to be in a <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code> element &mdash;
+ the element is primarily intended for sections that consist of major navigation blocks. In
+ particular, it is common for footers to have a short list of links to various pages of a site,
+ such as the terms of service, the home page, and a copyright page. The <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code> element
+ alone is sufficient for such cases; while a <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code> element can be used in such cases, it
+ is usually unnecessary.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>User agents (such as screen readers) that are targeted at users who can benefit
+ from navigation information being omitted in the initial rendering, or who can benefit from
+ navigation information being immediately available, can use this element as a way to determine
+ what content on the page to initially skip or provide on request (or both).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, there are two <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code> elements, one for primary navigation
+ around the site, and one for secondary navigation around the page itself.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;The Wiki Center Of Exampland&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/events"&gt;Current Events&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ <em>...more...</em>
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Demos in Exampland&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Written by A. N. Other.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="#public"&gt;Public demonstrations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="#destroy"&gt;Demolitions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ <em>...more...</em>
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+ &lt;div&gt;
+ &lt;section id="public"&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Public demonstrations&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;<em>...more...</em>&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section id="destroy"&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Demolitions&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;<em>...more...</em>&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ <em>...more...</em>
+ &lt;/div&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="?edit"&gt;Edit&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="?delete"&gt;Delete&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="?Rename"&gt;Rename&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&copy; copyright 1998 Exampland Emperor&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the page has several places where links are present, but only one of
+ those places is considered a navigation section.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Blog"&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Wake up sheeple!&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="news.html"&gt;News&lt;/a&gt; -
+ &lt;a href="blog.html"&gt;Blog&lt;/a&gt; -
+ &lt;a href="forums.html"&gt;Forums&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Last Modified: &lt;span itemprop="dateModified"&gt;2009-04-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Navigation&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="articles.html"&gt;Index of all articles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="today.html"&gt;Things sheeple need to wake up for today&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="successes.html"&gt;Sheeple we have managed to wake&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;main&gt;
+ &lt;article itemprop="blogPosts" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting"&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1 itemprop="headline"&gt;My Day at the Beach&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;main itemprop="articleBody"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Today I went to the beach and had a lot of fun.&lt;/p&gt;
+ <em>...more content...</em>
+ &lt;/main&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Posted &lt;time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2009-10-10"&gt;Thursday&lt;/time&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ <em>...more blog posts...</em>
+ &lt;/main&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Copyright &copy;
+ &lt;span itemprop="copyrightYear"&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="copyrightHolder"&gt;The Example Company&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="about.html"&gt;About&lt;/a&gt; -
+ &lt;a href="policy.html"&gt;Privacy Policy&lt;/a&gt; -
+ &lt;a href="contact.html"&gt;Contact Us&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Notice the <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code> elements being used to wrap all the contents of the page other
+ than the header and footer, and all the contents of the blog entry other than its header and
+ footer.</p>
+
+ <p>You can also see microdata annotations in the above example that use the schema.org vocabulary
+ to provide the publication date and other metadata about the blog post.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code> element doesn't have to contain a list, it can contain other kinds of
+ content as well. In this navigation block, links are provided in prose:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Navigation&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;You are on my home page. To the north lies &lt;a href="/blog"&gt;my
+ blog&lt;/a&gt;, from whence the sounds of battle can be heard. To the east
+ you can see a large mountain, upon which many &lt;a
+ href="/school"&gt;school papers&lt;/a&gt; are littered. Far up thus mountain
+ you can spy a little figure who appears to be me, desperately
+ scribbling a &lt;a href="/school/thesis"&gt;thesis&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;To the west are several exits. One fun-looking exit is labeled &lt;a
+ href="http://games.example.com/"&gt;"games"&lt;/a&gt;. Another more
+ boring-looking exit is labeled &lt;a
+ href="http://isp.example.net/"&gt;ISP&trade;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;To the south lies a dark and dank &lt;a href="/about"&gt;contacts
+ page&lt;/a&gt;. Cobwebs cover its disused entrance, and at one point you
+ see a rat run quickly out of the page.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/nav&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-aside-element><span class=secno>4.3.5 </span>The <dfn><code>aside</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#sectioning-content>Sectioning content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>, but with no <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a section of a page that consists of
+ content that is tangentially related to the content around the <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code> element, and
+ which could be considered separate from that content. Such sections are often represented as
+ sidebars in printed typography.</p>
+
+ <p>The element can be used for typographical effects like pull quotes or sidebars, for
+ advertising, for groups of <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code> elements, and for other content that is considered
+ separate from the main content of the page.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>It's not appropriate to use the <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code> element just for
+ parentheticals, since those are part of the main flow of the document.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows how an aside is used to mark up background material on Switzerland
+ in a much longer news story on Europe.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Switzerland&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Switzerland, a land-locked country in the middle of geographic
+ Europe, has not joined the geopolitical European Union, though it is
+ a signatory to a number of European treaties.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows how an aside is used to mark up a pull quote in a longer
+ article.</p>
+
+ <pre>...
+
+&lt;p&gt;He later joined a large company, continuing on the same work.
+&lt;q&gt;I love my job. People ask me what I do for fun when I'm not at
+work. But I'm paid to do my hobby, so I never know what to
+answer. Some people wonder what they would do if they didn't have to
+work... but I know what I would do, because I was unemployed for a
+year, and I filled that time doing exactly what I do now.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;q&gt; People ask me what I do for fun when I'm not at work. But I'm
+ paid to do my hobby, so I never know what to answer. &lt;/q&gt;
+&lt;/aside&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;Of course his work &mdash; or should that be hobby? &mdash;
+isn't his only passion. He also enjoys other pleasures.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following extract shows how <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code> can be used for blogrolls and other side
+ content on a blog:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My wonderful blog&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My tagline&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;!-- <em>this aside contains two sections that are tangentially related
+ to the page, namely, links to other blogs, and links to blog posts
+ from this blog</em> --&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My blogroll&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.example.com/"&gt;Example Blog&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Archives&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;ol reversed&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/last-post"&gt;My last post&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/first-post"&gt;My first post&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/ol&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+ &lt;/aside&gt;
+ &lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;!-- <em>this aside is tangentially related to the page also, it
+ contains twitter messages from the blog author</em> --&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Twitter Feed&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;blockquote cite="http://twitter.example.net/t31351234"&gt;
+ I'm on vacation, writing my blog.
+ &lt;/blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;blockquote cite="http://twitter.example.net/t31219752"&gt;
+ I'm going to go on vacation soon.
+ &lt;/blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;/aside&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;!-- <em>this is a blog post</em> --&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My last post&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;This is my last post.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/last-post" rel=bookmark&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;!-- <em>this is also a blog post</em> --&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My first post&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;This is my first post.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;!-- <em>this aside is about the blog post, since it's inside the
+ &lt;article&gt; element; it would be wrong, for instance, to put the
+ blogroll here, since the blogroll isn't really related to this post
+ specifically, only to the page as a whole</em> --&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Posting&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;While I'm thinking about it, I wanted to say something about
+ posting. Posting is fun!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/aside&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/first-post" rel=bookmark&gt;Permalink&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;a href="/archives"&gt;Archives&lt;/a&gt; &mdash;
+ &lt;a href="/about"&gt;About me&lt;/a&gt; &mdash;
+ &lt;a href="/copyright"&gt;Copyright&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements><span class=secno>4.3.6 </span>The <dfn id=the-h1-element><code>h1</code></dfn>, <dfn id=the-h2-element><code>h2</code></dfn>, <dfn id=the-h3-element><code>h3</code></dfn>, <dfn id=the-h4-element><code>h4</code></dfn>, <dfn id=the-h5-element><code>h5</code></dfn>, and
+ <dfn id=the-h6-element><code>h6</code></dfn> elements</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#heading-content>Heading content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of an <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlheadingelement>HTMLHeadingElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ // <a href="#HTMLHeadingElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>These elements <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> headings for their sections.</p>
+
+ <p>The semantics and meaning of these elements are defined in the section on <a href=#headings-and-sections>headings and
+ sections</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>These elements have a <dfn id=rank>rank</dfn> given by the number in their name. The <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>
+ element is said to have the highest rank, the <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> element has the lowest rank, and two
+ elements with the same name have equal rank.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>As far as their respective document outlines (their heading and section structures) are
+ concerned, these two snippets are semantically equivalent:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+&lt;h1&gt;Let's call it a draw(ing surface)&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;h2&gt;Diving in&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;h2&gt;Simple shapes&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;h2&gt;Canvas coordinates&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;h3&gt;Canvas coordinates diagram&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;h2&gt;Paths&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Let's call it a draw(ing surface)&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Diving in&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Simple shapes&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Canvas coordinates&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Canvas coordinates diagram&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Paths&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Authors might prefer the former style for its terseness, or the latter style for its
+ convenience in the face of heavy editing; which is best is purely an issue of preferred authoring
+ style.</p>
+
+ <p>The two styles can be combined, for compatibility with legacy tools while still
+ future-proofing for when that compatibility is no longer needed. This third snippet again has the
+ same outline as the previous two:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Let's call it a draw(ing surface)&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Diving in&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Simple shapes&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Canvas coordinates&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h3&gt;Canvas coordinates diagram&lt;/h3&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Paths&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-hgroup-element><span class=secno>4.3.7 </span>The <dfn><code>hgroup</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#heading-content>Heading content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>One or more <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code>, and <span>script-supporting</span> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the heading of a section, which
+ consists of all the <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> element children of the
+ <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element. The element is used to group a set of
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> elements when the heading has multiple levels, such as
+ subheadings, alternative titles, or taglines.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#rank>rank</a> of an <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element is the rank of the highest-ranked
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> element descendant of the <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element, if
+ there are any such elements, or otherwise the same as for an <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> element (the highest
+ rank). Other elements of <a href=#heading-content>heading content</a> in the <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element indicate
+ subheadings or subtitles.</p>
+
+ <p>The section on <a href=#headings-and-sections>headings and sections</a> defines how <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> elements are
+ assigned to individual sections.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here are some examples of valid headings.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;The reality dysfunction&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Space is not the only void&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;/hgroup&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre>&lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Dr. Strangelove&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;/hgroup&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The point of using <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> in these examples is to mask the <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>
+ element (which acts as a secondary title) from the <a href=#outline>outline</a> algorithm.</p>
+ <!-- http://www.brucelawson.co.uk/2009/html-5-is-a-mess/#comment-618895 -->
+
+ <p>How a user agent exposes such multi-level headings in user interfaces (e.g. in tables of
+ contents or search results) is left open to implementors, as it is a user interface issue. The
+ first example above could be rendered as:</p>
+
+ <pre>The reality dysfunction: Space is not the only void</pre>
+
+ <p>Alternatively, it could look like this:
+
+ <pre>The reality dysfunction (Space is not the only void)</pre>
+
+ <p>In interfaces where a title can be rendered on multiple lines, it could be rendered as
+ follows, maybe with the first line in a bigger font size:</p>
+
+ <pre>The reality dysfunction
+Space is not the only void</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-header-element><span class=secno>4.3.8 </span>The <dfn><code>header</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>, but with no <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a group of introductory or navigational
+ aids.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code> element is intended to usually contain the section's heading
+ (an <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> element or an <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element), but this is
+ not required. The <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code> element can also be used to wrap a section's table of
+ contents, a search form, or any relevant logos.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here are some sample headers. This first one is for a game:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Welcome to...&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Voidwars!&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;/header&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The following snippet shows how the element can be used to mark
+ up a specification's header:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.2&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;W3C Working Draft 27 October 2004&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;/hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;This version:&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVG12-20041027/"&gt;http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVG12-20041027/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Previous version:&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVG12-20040510/"&gt;http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/WD-SVG12-20040510/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Latest version of SVG 1.2:&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG12/"&gt;http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG12/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Latest SVG Recommendation:&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/"&gt;http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Editor:&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;Dean Jackson, W3C, &lt;a href="mailto:dean@w3.org"&gt;dean@w3.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Authors:&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;See &lt;a href="#authors"&gt;Author List&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;/dl&gt;
+ &lt;p class="copyright"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notic <em>...</em>
+&lt;/header&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code> element is not <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a>; it doesn't
+ introduce a new section.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, the page has a page heading given by the <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> element, and two
+ subsections whose headings are given by <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code> elements. The content after the
+ <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code> element is still part of the last subsection started in the
+ <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code> element, because the <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code> element doesn't take part in the
+ <a href=#outline>outline</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Little Green Guys With Guns&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/games"&gt;Games&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/forum"&gt;Forum&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="/download"&gt;Download&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Important News&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;!-- this starts a second subsection --&gt;
+ &lt;!-- this is part of the subsection entitled "Important News" --&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;To play today's games you will need to update your client.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Games&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;!-- this starts a third subsection --&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;You have three active games:&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;!-- this is still part of the subsection entitled "Games" --&gt;
+ ...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-footer-element><span class=secno>4.3.9 </span>The <dfn><code>footer</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>, but with no <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a footer for its nearest ancestor
+ <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a> or <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning root</a> element. A footer typically
+ contains information about its section such as who wrote it, links to related documents, copyright
+ data, and the like.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code> element contains entire sections, they <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> appendices, indexes, long colophons, verbose license
+ agreements, and other such content.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Contact information for the author or editor of a section belongs in an
+ <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> element, possibly itself inside a <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>. Bylines and other
+ information that could be suitable for both a <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code> or a <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code> can be
+ placed in either (or neither). The primary purpose of these elements is merely to help the author
+ write self-explanatory markup that is easy to maintain and style; they are not intended to impose
+ specific structures on authors.</p>
+
+ <p>Footers don't necessarily have to appear at the <em>end</em> of a section, though they usually
+ do.</p>
+
+ <p>When the nearest ancestor <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a> or <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning root</a>
+ element is <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a>, then it applies to the whole page.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code> element is not <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a>; it doesn't
+ introduce a new section.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is a page with two footers, one at the top and one at the bottom, with the same
+ content:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="../"&gt;Back to index...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Lorem ipsum&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;The ipsum of all lorems&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;/hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;A dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod
+ tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim
+ veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex
+ ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in
+ voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla
+ pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in
+ culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="../"&gt;Back to index...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example which shows the <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code> element being used both for a site-wide
+ footer and for a section footer.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;HTML&gt;&lt;HEAD&gt;
+&lt;TITLE&gt;The Ramblings of a Scientist&lt;/TITLE&gt;
+&lt;BODY&gt;
+&lt;H1&gt;The Ramblings of a Scientist&lt;/H1&gt;
+&lt;ARTICLE&gt;
+ &lt;H1&gt;Episode 15&lt;/H1&gt;
+ &lt;VIDEO SRC="/fm/015.ogv" CONTROLS PRELOAD&gt;
+ &lt;P&gt;&lt;A HREF="/fm/015.ogv"&gt;Download video&lt;/A&gt;.&lt;/P&gt;
+ &lt;/VIDEO&gt;
+ &lt;FOOTER&gt; &lt;!-- footer for article --&gt;
+ &lt;P&gt;Published &lt;TIME DATETIME="2009-10-21T18:26-07:00"&gt;on 2009/10/21 at 6:26pm&lt;/TIME&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
+ &lt;/FOOTER&gt;
+&lt;/ARTICLE&gt;
+&lt;ARTICLE&gt;
+ &lt;H1&gt;My Favorite Trains&lt;/H1&gt;
+ &lt;P&gt;I love my trains. My favorite train of all time is a K&ouml;f.&lt;/P&gt;
+ &lt;P&gt;It is fun to see them pull some coal cars because they look so
+ dwarfed in comparison.&lt;/P&gt;
+ &lt;FOOTER&gt; &lt;!-- footer for article --&gt;
+ &lt;P&gt;Published &lt;TIME DATETIME="2009-09-15T14:54-07:00"&gt;on 2009/09/15 at 2:54pm&lt;/TIME&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
+ &lt;/FOOTER&gt;
+&lt;/ARTICLE&gt;
+&lt;FOOTER&gt; &lt;!-- site wide footer --&gt;
+ &lt;NAV&gt;
+ &lt;P&gt;&lt;A HREF="/credits.html"&gt;Credits&lt;/A&gt; &mdash;
+ &lt;A HREF="/tos.html"&gt;Terms of Service&lt;/A&gt; &mdash;
+ &lt;A HREF="/index.html"&gt;Blog Index&lt;/A&gt;&lt;/P&gt;
+ &lt;/NAV&gt;
+ &lt;P&gt;Copyright &copy; 2009 Gordon Freeman&lt;/P&gt;
+&lt;/FOOTER&gt;
+&lt;/BODY&gt;
+&lt;/HTML&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Some site designs have what is sometimes referred to as "fat footers" &mdash; footers that
+ contain a lot of material, including images, links to other articles, links to pages for sending
+ feedback, special offers... in some ways, a whole "front page" in the footer.</p>
+
+ <p>This fragment shows the bottom of a page on a site with a "fat footer":</p>
+
+ <pre>...
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Articles&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="images/somersaults.jpeg" alt=""&gt; Go to the gym with
+ our somersaults class! Our teacher Jim takes you through the paces
+ in this two-part article. &lt;a href="articles/somersaults/1"&gt;Part
+ 1&lt;/a&gt; &middot; &lt;a href="articles/somersaults/2"&gt;Part 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="images/kindplus.jpeg"&gt; Tired of walking on the edge of
+ a clif&lt;!-- sic --&gt;? Our guest writer Lara shows you how to bumble
+ your way through the bars. &lt;a href="articles/kindplus/1"&gt;Read
+ more...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="images/crisps.jpeg"&gt; The chips are down, now all
+ that's left is a potato. What can you do with it? &lt;a
+ href="articles/crisps/1"&gt;Read more...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="/about"&gt;About us...&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="/feedback"&gt;Send feedback!&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="/sitemap"&gt;Sitemap&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;Copyright &copy; 2015 The Snacker &mdash;
+ &lt;a href="/tos"&gt;Terms of Service&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-address-element><span class=secno>4.3.10 </span>The <dfn><code>address</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>, but with no <a href=#heading-content>heading
+ content</a> descendants, no <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a>
+ descendants, and no <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the contact information for its
+ nearest <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element ancestor. If that is <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body
+ element</a>, then the contact information applies to the document as a whole.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>For example, a page at the W3C Web site related to HTML might
+ include the following contact information:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;ADDRESS&gt;
+ &lt;A href="../People/Raggett/"&gt;Dave Raggett&lt;/A&gt;,
+ &lt;A href="../People/Arnaud/"&gt;Arnaud Le Hors&lt;/A&gt;,
+ contact persons for the &lt;A href="Activity"&gt;W3C HTML Activity&lt;/A&gt;
+&lt;/ADDRESS&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> element must not be used to represent arbitrary addresses (e.g. postal
+ addresses), unless those addresses are in fact the relevant contact information. (The
+ <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element is the appropriate element for marking up postal addresses in general.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> element must not contain information other than contact
+ information.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>For example, the following is non-conforming use of the
+ <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> element:</p>
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;ADDRESS&gt;Last Modified: 1999/12/24 23:37:50&lt;/ADDRESS&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Typically, the <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> element would be included along with other information in a
+ <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The contact information for a node <var title="">node</var> is a collection of
+ <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> elements defined by the first applicable entry from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">node</var> is an <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element</dt>
+ <dt>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The contact information consists of all the <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> elements that have <var title="">node</var> as an ancestor and do not have another <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element ancestor that is a descendant of <var title="">node</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">node</var> has an ancestor element that is an <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element</dt>
+ <dt>If <var title="">node</var> has an ancestor element that is a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The contact information of <var title="">node</var> is the same as the contact information of
+ the nearest <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element ancestor, whichever is
+ nearest.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">node</var>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has <a href=#the-body-element-0 title="the body element">a body
+ element</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The contact information of <var title="">node</var> is the same as the contact information of
+ <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>There is no contact information for <var title="">node</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>User agents may expose the contact information of a node to the user, or use it for other
+ purposes, such as indexing sections based on the sections' contact information.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example the footer contains contact information and a copyright notice.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;address&gt;
+ For more details, contact
+ &lt;a href="mailto:js@example.com"&gt;John Smith&lt;/a&gt;.
+ &lt;/address&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&copy; copyright 2038 Example Corp.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/footer&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=headings-and-sections><span class=secno>4.3.11 </span><dfn>Headings and sections</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> elements and the <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element are
+ headings.</p>
+
+ <p>The first element of <a href=#heading-content>heading content</a> in an element of <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning
+ content</a> <a href=#represents>represents</a> the heading for that section. Subsequent headings of equal
+ or higher <a href=#rank>rank</a> start new (implied) sections, headings of lower <a href=#rank>rank</a>
+ start implied subsections that are part of the previous one. In both cases, the element
+ <a href=#represents>represents</a> the heading of the implied section.</p>
+
+ <p>Certain elements are said to be <dfn id=sectioning-root title="sectioning root">sectioning roots</dfn>, including
+ <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> elements. These elements can have their own outlines,
+ but the sections and headings inside these elements do not contribute to the outlines of their
+ ancestors.</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code></li>
+ </ul><!-- a root element isn't a sectioning root. This means, for instance, that you don't get an
+ outline if you just have a random XML file with <html:h1> elements in it. Other vocabs need to
+ define what their sectioning root is. --><p><a href=#sectioning-content>Sectioning content</a> elements are always considered subsections of their nearest
+ ancestor <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning root</a> or their nearest ancestor element of <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning
+ content</a>, whichever is nearest, regardless of what implied sections other headings may have
+ created.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>For the following fragment:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Foo&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Bar&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;h3&gt;Bla&lt;/h3&gt;
+ &lt;/blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Baz&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Quux&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h3&gt;Thud&lt;/h3&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Grunt&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+ <p>...the structure would be:</p>
+ <ol><li>
+ Foo (heading of explicit <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> section, containing the "Grunt" paragraph)
+ <ol><li>
+ Bar (heading starting implied section, containing a block quote and the "Baz" paragraph)
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Quux (heading starting implied section with no content other than the heading itself)
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Thud (heading of explicit <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> section)
+ </li>
+ </ol></li>
+ </ol><p>Notice how the <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> ends the earlier implicit section so that a later
+ paragraph ("Grunt") is back at the top level.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Sections may contain headings of any <a href=#rank>rank</a>, but authors are strongly encouraged to
+ either use only <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> elements, or to use elements of the appropriate <a href=#rank>rank</a>
+ for the section's nesting level.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors are also encouraged to explicitly wrap sections in elements of <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning
+ content</a>, instead of relying on the implicit sections generated by having multiple headings
+ in one element of <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>For example, the following is correct:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h4&gt;Apples&lt;/h4&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Apples are fruit.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Taste&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;They taste lovely.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h6&gt;Sweet&lt;/h6&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Red apples are sweeter than green ones.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Color&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Apples come in various colors.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>However, the same document would be more clearly expressed as:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Apples&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Apples are fruit.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Taste&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;They taste lovely.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h3&gt;Sweet&lt;/h3&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Red apples are sweeter than green ones.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Color&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Apples come in various colors.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Both of the documents above are semantically identical and would produce the same outline in
+ compliant user agents.</p>
+
+ <p>This third example is also semantically identical, and might be easier to maintain (e.g. if
+ sections are often moved around in editing):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Apples&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Apples are fruit.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Taste&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;They taste lovely.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Sweet&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Red apples are sweeter than green ones.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Color&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Apples come in various colors.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This final example would need explicit style rules to be rendered well in legacy browsers.
+ Legacy browsers without CSS support would render all the headings as top-level headings.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=outlines><span class=secno>4.3.11.1 </span>Creating an outline</h5>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <!-- v2 idea: It would be nice if there was a way to use this to autogenerate a table of contents
+ or some such -->
+
+ <p>This section defines an algorithm for creating an outline for a <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a>
+ element or a <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning root</a> element. It is defined in terms of a walk over the nodes
+ of a DOM tree, in tree order, with each node being visited when it is <i>entered</i> and when it
+ is <i>exited</i> during the walk.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=outline>outline</dfn> for a <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a> element or a <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning
+ root</a> element consists of a list of one or more potentially nested <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>sections</a>. The element for which an <a href=#outline>outline</a> is created
+ is said to be <dfn id="the-outline's-owner">the outline's owner</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-section title=concept-section>section</dfn> is a container that corresponds to some nodes in
+ the original DOM tree. Each section can have one heading associated with it, and can contain any
+ number of further nested sections. <span class=impl>The algorithm for the outline also
+ associates each node in the DOM tree with a particular section and potentially a heading.</span>
+ (The sections in the outline aren't <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> elements, though some may correspond to
+ such elements &mdash; they are merely conceptual sections.)</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following markup fragment:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;A&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;B&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;C&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;D&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;E&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;F&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>...results in the following outline being created for the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> node (and thus the
+ entire document):</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li>
+ <p>Section created for <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> node.</p>
+ <p>Associated with heading "A".</p>
+ <p>Also associated with paragraph "B".</p>
+ <p>Nested sections:</p>
+ <ol class=brief><li>
+ <p>Section implied for first <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code> element.</p>
+ <p>Associated with heading "C".</p>
+ <p>Also associated with paragraph "D".</p>
+ <p>No nested sections.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>Section implied for second <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code> element.</p>
+ <p>Associated with heading "E".</p>
+ <p>Also associated with paragraph "F".</p>
+ <p>No nested sections.</p>
+ </li>
+ </ol></li>
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The algorithm that must be followed during a walk of a DOM subtree rooted at a <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning
+ content</a> element or a <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning root</a> element to determine that element's
+ <a href=#outline>outline</a> is as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">current outline target</var> be null. (It holds the element whose
+ <a href=#outline>outline</a> is being created.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current section</var> be null. (It holds a pointer to a <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a>, so that elements in the DOM can all be associated with a
+ section.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a stack to hold elements, which is used to handle nesting. Initialise this stack to
+ empty.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Walk over the DOM in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, starting with the <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning
+ content</a> element or <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning root</a> element at the root of the subtree for
+ which an outline is to be created, and trigger the first relevant step below for each element as
+ the walk enters and exits it.</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>When exiting an element, if that element is the element at the top of the stack</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p class=note>The element being exited is a <a href=#heading-content>heading content</a> element or an
+ element with a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Pop that element from the stack.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the top of the stack is a <a href=#heading-content>heading content</a> element or an element with a
+ <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Do nothing.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>When entering an element with a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Push the element being entered onto the stack. (This causes the algorithm to skip that
+ element and any descendants of the element.)</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>When entering a <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">current outline target</var> is not null, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <var title="">current section</var> has no heading, create an implied
+ heading and let that be the heading for the <var title="">current section</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Push <var title="">current outline target</var> onto the stack.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current outline target</var> be the element that is being
+ entered.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current section</var> be a newly created <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> for the <var title="">current outline target</var>
+ element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Associate <var title="">current outline target</var> with <var title="">current
+ section</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let there be a new <a href=#outline>outline</a> for the new <var title="">current outline
+ target</var>, initialised with just the new <var title="">current section</var> as the only
+ <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> in the outline.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>When exiting a <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a> element, if the stack is not empty</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <var title="">current section</var> has no heading, create an implied heading
+ and let that be the heading for the <var title="">current section</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop the top element from the stack, and let the <var title="">current outline
+ target</var> be that element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current section</var> be the last section in the
+ <a href=#outline>outline</a> of the <var title="">current outline target</var> element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the <a href=#outline>outline</a> of the <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a> element being
+ exited to the <var title="">current section</var>. (This does not change which section is
+ the last section in the <a href=#outline>outline</a>.)</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>When entering a <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning root</a> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">current outline target</var> is not null, push <var title="">current outline target</var> onto the stack.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current outline target</var> be the element that is being
+ entered.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current outline target</var>'s <i>parent section</i> be <var title="">current section</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current section</var> be a newly created <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> for the <var title="">current outline target</var>
+ element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let there be a new <a href=#outline>outline</a> for the new <var title="">current outline
+ target</var>, initialised with just the new <var title="">current section</var> as the only
+ <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> in the outline.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>When exiting a <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning root</a> element, if the stack is not empty</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <var title="">current section</var> has no heading, create an implied heading
+ and let that be the heading for the <var title="">current section</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current section</var> be <var title="">current outline
+ target</var>'s <i>parent section</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop the top element from the stack, and let the <var title="">current outline
+ target</var> be that element.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>When exiting a <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a> element or a <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning root</a>
+ element (when the stack is empty)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p class=note>The <var title="">current outline target</var> is the element being exited,
+ and it is the <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a> element or a <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning root</a>
+ element at the root of the subtree for which an outline is being generated.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">current section</var> has no heading, create an implied heading and
+ let that be the heading for the <var title="">current section</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Skip to the next step in the overall set of steps. (The walk is over.)</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>When entering a <a href=#heading-content>heading content</a> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">current section</var> has no heading, let the element being entered be
+ the heading for the <var title="">current section</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the element being entered has a <a href=#rank>rank</a> equal to or higher than the
+ heading of the last section of the <a href=#outline>outline</a> of the <var title="">current outline
+ target</var>, or if the heading of the last section of the <a href=#outline>outline</a> of the <var title="">current outline target</var> is an implied heading, then create a new <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> and append it to the <a href=#outline>outline</a> of the <var title="">current outline target</var> element, so that this new section is the new last
+ section of that outline. Let <var title="">current section</var> be that new section. Let the
+ element being entered be the new heading for the <var title="">current section</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">candidate section</var> be <var title="">current
+ section</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Heading loop</i>: If the element being entered has a <a href=#rank>rank</a> lower than
+ the <a href=#rank>rank</a> of the heading of the <var title="">candidate section</var><!-- the
+ first time through, it won't be, but maybe on a subsequent pass it is -->, then create a new
+ <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a>, and append it to <var title="">candidate
+ section</var>. (This does not change which section is the last section in the outline.) Let
+ <var title="">current section</var> be this new section. Let the element being entered be the
+ new heading for the <var title="">current section</var>. Abort these substeps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new candidate section</var> be the <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> that contains <var title="">candidate section</var> in
+ the <a href=#outline>outline</a> of <var title="">current outline target</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">candidate section</var> be <var title="">new candidate
+ section</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the step labeled <i>heading loop</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Push the element being entered onto the stack. (This causes the algorithm to skip any
+ descendants of the element.)</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Recall that <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> has the <em>highest</em> rank, and <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code>
+ has the lowest rank.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Do nothing.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p id=associatedSection>In addition, whenever the walk exits a node, after doing the steps
+ above, if the node is not associated with a <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> yet,
+ associate the node with the <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> <var title="">current
+ section</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Associate all nodes with the heading of the <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a>
+ with which they are associated, if any.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The tree of sections created by the algorithm above, or a proper subset thereof, must be used
+ when generating document outlines, for example when generating tables of contents.</p>
+
+ <p>The outline created for <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a> of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is the
+ <a href=#outline>outline</a> of the entire document.</p>
+
+ <p>When creating an interactive table of contents, entries should jump the user to the relevant
+ <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a> element, if the <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> was
+ created for a real element in the original document, or to the relevant <a href=#heading-content>heading
+ content</a> element, if the <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> in the tree was
+ generated for a heading in the above process.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Selecting the first <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> of the document
+ therefore always takes the user to the top of the document, regardless of where the first heading
+ in the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> is to be found.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=outline-depth>outline depth</dfn> of a <a href=#heading-content>heading content</a> element associated with a <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> <var title="">section</var> is the number of <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>sections</a> that are ancestors of <var title="">section</var> in the
+ outermost <a href=#outline>outline</a> that <var title="">section</var> finds itself in when the <a href=#outline title=outline>outlines</a> of its <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s elements are created, plus 1. The
+ <a href=#outline-depth>outline depth</a> of a <a href=#heading-content>heading content</a> element not associated with a <a href=#concept-section title=concept-section>section</a> is 1.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should provide default headings for sections that do not have explicit section
+ headings.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider the following snippet:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Hello world.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My cat is cute.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/aside&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Although it contains no headings, this snippet has three sections: a document (the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>) with two subsections (a <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code> and an <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code>). A user
+ agent could present the outline as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li>Untitled document
+ <ol><li>Navigation</li>
+ <li>Sidebar</li>
+ </ol></li>
+ </ol><p>These default headings ("Untitled document", "Navigation", "Sidebar") are not specified by
+ this specification, and might vary with the user's language, the page's language, the user's
+ preferences, the user agent implementor's preferences, etc.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>The following JavaScript function shows how the tree walk could be implemented. The <var title="">root</var> argument is the root of the tree to walk (either a <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning
+ content</a> element or a <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning root</a> element), and the <var title="">enter</var> and <var title="">exit</var> arguments are callbacks that are called with
+ the nodes as they are entered and exited. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <pre>function (root, enter, exit) {
+ var node = root;
+ start: while (node) {
+ enter(node);
+ if (node.firstChild) {
+ node = node.firstChild;
+ continue start;
+ }
+ while (node) {
+ exit(node);
+ if (node == root) {
+ node = null;
+ } else if (node.nextSibling) {
+ node = node.nextSibling;
+ continue start;
+ } else {
+ node = node.parentNode;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=sample-outlines><span class=secno>4.3.11.2 </span>Sample outlines</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following document shows a straight-forward application of the <a href=#outline>outline</a>
+ algorithm. First, here is the document, which is a book with very short chapters and
+ subsections:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;The Tax Book (all in one page)&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;h1&gt;The Tax Book&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;h2&gt;Earning money&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Earning money is good.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3&gt;Getting a job&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;To earn money you typically need a job.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2&gt;Spending money&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Spending is what money is mainly used for.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3&gt;Cheap things&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Buying cheap things often not cost-effective.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h3&gt;Expensive things&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;The most expensive thing is often not the most cost-effective either.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2&gt;Investing money&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;You can lend your money to other people.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h2&gt;Losing money&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;If you spend money or invest money, sooner or later you will lose money.
+&lt;h3&gt;Poor judgement&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Usually if you lose money it's because you made a mistake.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This book would form the following outline:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li> The Tax Book
+ <ol class=brief><li> Earning money
+ <ol class=brief><li> Getting a job
+ </ol><li> Spending money
+ <ol class=brief><li> Cheap things
+ <li> Expensive things
+ </ol><li> Investing money
+ <li> Losing money
+ <ol class=brief><li> Poor judgement
+ </ol></ol></ol><p>Notice that the <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element does not participate in the outline.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is a similar document, but this time using <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> elements to get the same
+ effect:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;The Tax Book (all in one page)&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;h1&gt;The Tax Book&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Earning money&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Earning money is good.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Getting a job&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;To earn money you typically need a job.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Spending money&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Spending is what money is mainly used for.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Cheap things&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Buying cheap things often not cost-effective.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Expensive things&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The most expensive thing is often not the most cost-effective either.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Investing money&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;You can lend your money to other people.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Losing money&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;If you spend money or invest money, sooner or later you will lose money.
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Poor judgement&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Usually if you lose money it's because you made a mistake.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This book would form the same outline:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li> The Tax Book
+ <ol class=brief><li> Earning money
+ <ol class=brief><li> Getting a job
+ </ol><li> Spending money
+ <ol class=brief><li> Cheap things
+ <li> Expensive things
+ </ol><li> Investing money
+ <li> Losing money
+ <ol class=brief><li> Poor judgement
+ </ol></ol></ol></div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A document can contain multiple top-level headings:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Alphabetic Fruit&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;h1&gt;Apples&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Pomaceous.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h1&gt;Bananas&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Edible.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;h1&gt;Carambola&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Star.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This would form the following simple outline consisting of three top-level sections:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li> Apples
+ <li> Bananas
+ <li> Carambola
+ </ol><p>Effectively, the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element is split into three.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Mixing both the <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> model and the
+ <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>/<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> model can lead to some unintuitive results.</p>
+
+ <p>Consider for example the following, which is just the previous example but with the contents
+ of the (implied) <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> wrapped in a <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Alphabetic Fruit&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Apples&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Pomaceous.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Bananas&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Edible.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Carambola&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Star.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The resulting outline would be:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li> <i>(untitled page)</i>
+ <ol class=brief><li> Apples
+ <li> Bananas
+ <li> Carambola
+ </ol></ol><p>This result is described as <i>unintuitive</i> because it results in three subsections even
+ though there's only one <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> element. Effectively, the <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> is
+ split into three, just like the implied <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element in the previous example.</p>
+
+ <p>(In this example, "<i>(untitled page)</i>" is the implied heading for the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>
+ element, since it has no explicit heading.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Headings never rise above other sections. Thus, in the following example, the first
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> does not actually describe the page header; it describes the header for the
+ second half of the page:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Feathers on The Site of Encyclopedic Knowledge&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;A plea from our caretakers&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Please, we beg of you, send help! We're stuck in the server room!&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;h1&gt;Feathers&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Epidermal growths.&lt;/p&gt;
+</pre>
+
+ <p>The resulting outline would be:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li> <i>(untitled page)</i>
+ <ol class=brief><li> A plea from our caretakers
+ </ol><li> Feathers
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Thus, when an <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element starts with a <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code> block and only later
+ has its heading, the result is that the <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code> block is not part of the same section as
+ the rest of the <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> in the outline. For instance, take this document:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;We're adopting a child! &mdash; Ray's blog&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;h1&gt;Ray's blog&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;a href="?t=-1d"&gt;Yesterday&lt;/a&gt;;
+ &lt;a href="?t=-7d"&gt;Last week&lt;/a&gt;;
+ &lt;a href="?t=-1m"&gt;Last month&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;We're adopting a child!&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;main&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;As of today, Janine and I have signed the papers to become
+ the proud parents of baby Diane! We've been looking forward to
+ this day for weeks.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/main&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The resulting outline would be:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li> Ray's blog
+ <ol class=brief><li> <i>Untitled article</i>
+ <ol class=brief><li> <i>Untitled navigation section</i>
+ </ol><li> We're adopting a child!
+ </ol></ol><p>Also worthy of note in this example is that the <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code>
+ elements have no effect whatsoever on the document outline.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element can be used for subheadings. For example:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Chronotype: CS Student&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt; The morning &lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt; 06:00 to 12:00 &lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;/hgroup&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;We sleep.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt; The afternoon &lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt; 12:00 to 18:00 &lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;/hgroup&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;We study.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Additional Commentary&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;h3&gt;Because not all this is necessarily true&lt;/h3&gt;
+ &lt;h6&gt;Ok it's almost certainly not true&lt;/h6&gt;
+&lt;/hgroup&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Yeah we probably play, rather than study.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt; The evening &lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt; 18:00 to 00:00 &lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;/hgroup&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;We play.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt; The night &lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt; 00:00 to 06:00 &lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;/hgroup&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;We play some more.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The resulting outline would be:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li> The morning <small>06:00 to 12:00</small>
+ <li> The afternoon <small>12:00 to 18:00</small>
+ <ol class=brief><li> Additional Commentary <small>Because not all this is necessarily true <small>Ok it's almost certainly not true</small></small>
+ </ol><li> The evening <small>18:00 to 00:00</small>
+ <li> The night <small>00:00 to 06:00</small>
+ </ol><p>Exactly how this is represented by user agents, as most interface issues, is left as a matter
+ of implementation preference, but the key part is that the <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code>'s descendant
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> elements are what form the element's heading. Thus, the
+ following would be equally valid:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li> The morning &mdash; 06:00 to 12:00
+ <li> The afternoon &mdash; 12:00 to 18:00
+ <ol class=brief><li> Additional Commentary &mdash; Because not all this is necessarily true &mdash; Ok it's almost certainly not true
+ </ol><li> The evening &mdash; 18:00 to 00:00
+ <li> The night &mdash; 00:00 to 06:00
+ </ol><p>But so would the following:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li> The morning
+ <li> The afternoon
+ <ol class=brief><li> Additional Commentary
+ </ol><li> The evening
+ <li> The night
+ </ol><p>The following would also be valid, though maybe less practical in most contexts:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li> <p>The morning
+ <p> 06:00 to 12:00
+ <li> <p>The afternoon
+ <p> 12:00 to 18:00
+ <ol class=brief><li> <p> Additional Commentary
+ <p> Because not all this is necessarily true
+ <p> Ok it's almost certainly not true
+ </ol><li> <p>The evening
+ <p> 18:00 to 00:00
+ <li> <p>The night
+ <p> 00:00 to 06:00
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=usage-summary-0><span class=secno>4.3.12 </span>Usage summary</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <table class=vertical-summary-table><thead><tr><th rowspan=2>Element
+ <th>Purpose
+ <tr><th>Example
+ <tbody><tr><td rowspan=2><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>
+ <td>The main content of the document.
+ <tr><td><pre class=example>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt; &lt;title&gt;Steve Hill's Home Page&lt;/title&gt; &lt;/head&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;body&gt;</strong> &lt;p&gt;Hard Trance is My Life.&lt;/p&gt; <strong>&lt;/body&gt;</strong>
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <tr><td rowspan=2><code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>
+ <td>A complete, or self-contained, composition in a document, page, application, or site and that is, in principle, independently distributable or reusable, e.g. in syndication. This could be a forum post, a magazine or newspaper article, a blog entry, a user-submitted comment, an interactive widget or gadget, or any other independent item of content.
+ <tr><td><pre class=example><strong>&lt;article&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;img src="/tumblr_masqy2s5yn1rzfqbpo1_500.jpg" alt="Yellow smiley face with the caption 'masif'"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My fave Masif tee so far!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;Posted 2 days ago&lt;/footer&gt;
+<strong>&lt;/article&gt;</strong>
+<strong>&lt;article&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;img src="/tumblr_m9tf6wSr6W1rzfqbpo1_500.jpg" alt=""&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Happy 2nd birthday Masif Saturdays!!!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;Posted 3 weeks ago&lt;/footer&gt;
+<strong>&lt;/article&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ <tr><td rowspan=2><code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>
+ <td>A generic section of a document or application. A section, in this context, is a thematic grouping of content, typically with a heading.
+ <tr><td><pre class=example>&lt;h1&gt;Biography&lt;/h1&gt;
+<strong>&lt;section&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;h1&gt;The facts&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;1500+ shows, 14+ countries&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong>&lt;/section&gt;</strong>
+<strong>&lt;section&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;h1&gt;2010/2011 figures per year&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;100+ shows, 8+ countries&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong>&lt;/section&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ <tr><td rowspan=2><code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>
+ <td>A section of a page that links to other pages or to parts within the page: a section with navigation links.
+ <tr><td><pre class=example><strong>&lt;nav&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/biog.html"&gt;Bio&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/discog.html"&gt;Discog&lt;/a&gt;
+<strong>&lt;/nav&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ <tr><td rowspan=2><code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code>
+ <td>A section of a page that consists of content that is tangentially related to the content around the <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code> element, and which could be considered separate from that content. Such sections are often represented as sidebars in printed typography.
+ <tr><td><pre class=example>&lt;h1&gt;Music&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;As any burner can tell you, the event has a lot of trance.&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong>&lt;aside&gt;</strong>You can buy the music we played at our &lt;a href="buy.html"&gt;playlist page&lt;/a&gt;.<strong>&lt;/aside&gt;</strong>
+&lt;p&gt;This year we played a kind of trance that originated in Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands in the mid 90s.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <tr><td rowspan=2><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code>
+ <td>A section heading
+ <tr><td><pre class=example><strong>&lt;h1&gt;</strong>The Guide To Music On The Playa<strong>&lt;/h1&gt;</strong>
+<strong>&lt;h2&gt;</strong>The Main Stage<strong>&lt;/h2&gt;</strong>
+&lt;p&gt;If you want to play on a stage, you should bring one.&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong>&lt;h2&gt;</strong>Amplified Music<strong>&lt;/h2&gt;</strong>
+&lt;p&gt;Amplifiers up to 300W or 90dB are welcome.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <tr><td rowspan=2><code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code>
+ <td>The heading of a section, which consists of all the <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> element children of the <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element. The element is used to group a set of <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> elements when the heading has multiple levels, such as subheadings, alternative titles, or taglines.
+ <tr><td><pre class=example><strong>&lt;hgroup&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;h1&gt;Burning Music&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;The Guide To Music On The Playa&lt;/h2&gt;
+<strong>&lt;/hgroup&gt;</strong>
+&lt;section&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;hgroup&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;h1&gt;Main Stage&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;The Fiction Of A Music Festival&lt;/h2&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;/hgroup&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;p&gt;If you want to play on a stage, you should bring one.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;section&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;hgroup&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;h1&gt;Loudness!&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Questions About Amplified Music&lt;/h2&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;/hgroup&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;p&gt;Amplifiers up to 300W or 90dB are welcome.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <tr><td rowspan=2><code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>
+ <td>A group of introductory or navigational aids.
+ <tr><td><pre class=example>&lt;article&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;header&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;h1&gt;Hard Trance is My Life&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;By DJ Steve Hill and Technikal&lt;/p&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;/header&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;p&gt;The album with the amusing punctuation has red artwork.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <tr><td rowspan=2><code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>
+ <td>A footer for its nearest ancestor <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a> or <a href=#sectioning-root>sectioning root</a> element. A footer typically contains information about its section such as who wrote it, links to related documents, copyright data, and the like.
+ <tr><td><pre class=example>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Hard Trance is My Life&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The album with the amusing punctuation has red artwork.&lt;/p&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;footer&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;p&gt;Artists: DJ Steve Hill and Technikal&lt;/p&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;/footer&gt;</strong>
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ </table><h5 id=article-or-section><span class=secno>4.3.12.1 </span>Article or section?</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> forms part of something else. An <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> is its own thing.
+ But how does one know which is which? Mostly the real answer is "it depends on author intent".</p>
+
+ <p>For example, one could imagine a book with a "Granny Smith" chapter that just said "These
+ juicy, green apples make a great filling for apple pies."; that would be a <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>
+ because there'd be lots of other chapters on (maybe) other kinds of apples.</p>
+
+ <p>On the other hand, one could imagine a tweet or reddit comment or tumblr post or newspaper
+ classified ad that just said "Granny Smith. These juicy, green apples make a great filling for
+ apple pies."; it would then be <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>s because that was the whole thing.</p>
+
+ <p>A comment on an article is not part of the <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> on which it is commenting,
+ therefore it is its own <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=grouping-content><span class=secno>4.4 </span>Grouping content</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=the-p-element><span class=secno>4.4.1 </span>The <dfn><code>p</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element is immediately followed by an <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code>, element, or if there is no more content in the parent element and the parent
+ element is not an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlparagraphelement>HTMLParagraphElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ // <a href="#HTMLParagraphElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a <a href=#paragraph>paragraph</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>While paragraphs are usually represented in visual media by blocks of text that
+ are physically separated from adjacent blocks through blank lines, a style sheet or user agent
+ would be equally justified in presenting paragraph breaks in a different manner, for instance
+ using inline pilcrows (&para;).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>The following examples are conforming HTML fragments:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The little kitten gently seated himself on a piece of
+carpet. Later in his life, this would be referred to as the time the
+cat sat on the mat.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+ <pre>&lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt;Personal information&lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;Name: &lt;input name="n"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;&lt;input name="anon" type="checkbox"&gt; Hide from other users&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Address: &lt;textarea name="a"&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;</pre>
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;There was once an example from Femley,&lt;br&gt;
+Whose markup was of dubious quality.&lt;br&gt;
+The validator complained,&lt;br&gt;
+So the author was pained,&lt;br&gt;
+To move the error from the markup to the rhyming.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element should not be used when a more specific element is more
+ appropriate.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example is technically correct:</p>
+
+<pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;!-- ... --&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Last modified: 2001-04-23&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Author: fred@example.com&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>However, it would be better marked-up as:</p>
+
+<pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;!-- ... --&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;Last modified: 2001-04-23&lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;address&gt;Author: fred@example.com&lt;/address&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Or:</p>
+
+<pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;!-- ... --&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Last modified: 2001-04-23&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;address&gt;Author: fred@example.com&lt;/address&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>List elements (in particular, <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> elements) cannot be children
+ of <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> elements. When a sentence contains a bulleted list, therefore, one might wonder
+ how it should be marked up.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>For instance, this fantastic sentence has bullets relating to</p>
+ <ul><li>wizards,
+ <li>faster-than-light travel, and
+ <li>telepathy,
+ </ul><p>and is further discussed below.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The solution is to realise that a <i><a href=#paragraph>paragraph</a></i>, in HTML terms, is not a logical concept,
+ but a structural one. In the fantastic example above, there are actually <em>five</em> <a href=#paragraph title=paragraph>paragraphs</a> as defined by this specification: one before the list, one
+ for each bullet, and one after the list.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The markup for the above example could therefore be:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;For instance, this fantastic sentence has bullets relating to&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;wizards,
+ &lt;li&gt;faster-than-light travel, and
+ &lt;li&gt;telepathy,
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;and is further discussed below.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Authors wishing to conveniently style such "logical" paragraphs consisting of multiple
+ "structural" paragraphs can use the <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element instead of the <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Thus for instance the above example could become the following:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div&gt;For instance, this fantastic sentence has bullets relating to
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;wizards,
+ &lt;li&gt;faster-than-light travel, and
+ &lt;li&gt;telepathy,
+&lt;/ul&gt;
+and is further discussed below.&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This example still has five structural paragraphs, but now the author can style just the
+ <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> instead of having to consider each part of the example separately.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-hr-element><span class=secno>4.4.2 </span>The <dfn><code>hr</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlhrelement>HTMLHRElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ // <a href="#HTMLHRElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a <a href=#paragraph>paragraph</a>-level thematic
+ break, e.g. a scene change in a story, or a transition to another topic within a section of a
+ reference book.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following fictional extract from a project manual shows two sections that use the
+ <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element to separate topics within the section.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Communication&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;There are various methods of communication. This section
+ covers a few of the important ones used by the project.&lt;/p&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;hr&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;p&gt;Communication stones seem to come in pairs and have mysterious
+ properties:&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;They can transfer thoughts in two directions once activated
+ if used alone.&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;If used with another device, they can transfer one's
+ consciousness to another body.&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;If both stones are used with another device, the
+ consciousnesses switch bodies.&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;hr&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;p&gt;Radios use the electromagnetic spectrum in the meter range and
+ longer.&lt;/p&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;hr&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;p&gt;Signal flares use the electromagnetic spectrum in the
+ nanometer range.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Food&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;All food at the project is rationed:&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Potatoes&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;Two per day&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Soup&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;One bowl per day&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;/dl&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;hr&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;p&gt;Cooking is done by the chefs on a set rotation.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>There is no need for an <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element between the sections themselves, since the
+ <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> elements and the <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> elements imply thematic changes
+ themselves.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following extract from <cite>Pandora's Star</cite> by Peter F. Hamilton shows two
+ paragraphs that precede a scene change and the paragraph that follows it. The scene change,
+ represented in the printed book by a gap containing a solitary centered star between the second
+ and third paragraphs, is here represented using the <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <!-- ISBN 1-4050-0020-1; bottom of page 14 -->
+
+ <pre lang=en-GB>&lt;p&gt;Dudley was ninety-two, in his second life, and fast approaching
+time for another rejuvenation. Despite his body having the physical
+age of a standard fifty-year-old, the prospect of a long degrading
+campaign within academia was one he regarded with dread. For a
+supposedly advanced civilization, the Intersolar Commonwealth could be
+appallingly backward at times, not to mention cruel.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Maybe it won't be that bad&lt;/i&gt;, he told himself. The lie was
+comforting enough to get him through the rest of the night's
+shift.&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong>&lt;hr&gt;</strong>
+&lt;p&gt;The Carlton AllLander drove Dudley home just after dawn. Like the
+astronomer, the vehicle was old and worn, but perfectly capable of
+doing its job. It had a cheap diesel engine, common enough on a
+semi-frontier world like Gralmond, although its drive array was a
+thoroughly modern photoneural processor. With its high suspension and
+deep-tread tyres it could plough along the dirt track to the
+observatory in all weather and seasons, including the metre-deep snow
+of Gralmond's winters.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element does not affect the document's
+ <a href=#outline>outline</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-pre-element><span class=secno>4.4.3 </span>The <dfn><code>pre</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlpreelement>HTMLPreElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ // <a href="#HTMLPreElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a block of preformatted text, in which
+ structure is represented by typographic conventions rather than by elements.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In <a href=#syntax>the HTML syntax</a>, a leading newline character immediately following
+ the <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> element start tag is stripped.</p>
+
+ <p>Some examples of cases where the <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> element could be used:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>Including an e-mail, with paragraphs indicated by blank lines, lists indicated by lines
+ prefixed with a bullet, and so on.</li>
+
+ <li>Including fragments of computer code, with structure indicated according to the conventions
+ of that language.</li>
+
+ <li>Displaying ASCII art.</li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>Authors are encouraged to consider how preformatted text will be experienced when
+ the formatting is lost, as will be the case for users of speech synthesizers, braille displays,
+ and the like. For cases like ASCII art, it is likely that an alternative presentation, such as a
+ textual description, would be more universally accessible to the readers of the document.</p>
+
+ <p>To represent a block of computer code, the <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> element can be used with a
+ <code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code> element; to represent a block of computer output the <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> element
+ can be used with a <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code> element. Similarly, the <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> element can be used
+ within a <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> element to indicate text that the user is to enter.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>This element <a href=#bidireq>has rendering requirements involving the
+ bidirectional algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following snippet, a sample of computer code is presented.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;This is the &lt;code&gt;Panel&lt;/code&gt; constructor:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;function Panel(element, canClose, closeHandler) {
+ this.element = element;
+ this.canClose = canClose;
+ this.closeHandler = function () { if (closeHandler) closeHandler() };
+}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following snippet, <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> elements are mixed in the
+ contents of a <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> element to show a session of Zork I.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;samp&gt;You are in an open field west of a big white house with a boarded
+front door.
+There is a small mailbox here.
+
+&gt;&lt;/samp&gt; &lt;kbd&gt;open mailbox&lt;/kbd&gt;
+
+&lt;samp&gt;Opening the mailbox reveals:
+A leaflet.
+
+&gt;&lt;/samp&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following shows a contemporary poem that uses the <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> element to preserve its
+ unusual formatting, which forms an intrinsic part of the poem itself.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;pre&gt; maxling
+
+it is with a heart
+ heavy
+
+that i admit loss of a feline
+ so loved
+
+a friend lost to the
+ unknown
+ (night)
+
+~cdr 11dec07&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-blockquote-element><span class=secno>4.4.4 </span>The <dfn><code>blockquote</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#sectioning-root>Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-blockquote-cite><a href=#attr-blockquote-cite>cite</a></code> &mdash; Link to the source of the quotation or more information about the edit</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlquoteelement>HTMLQuoteElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-quote-cite title=dom-quote-cite>cite</a>;
+};</pre>
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#htmlquoteelement>HTMLQuoteElement</a></code> interface is
+ also used by the <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> element.</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a section that is quoted from
+ another source.</p>
+
+ <p>Content inside a <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code> must be quoted from another source, whose address, if
+ it has one, may be cited in the <dfn id=attr-blockquote-cite title=attr-blockquote-cite><code>cite</code></dfn>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-blockquote-cite><a href=#attr-blockquote-cite>cite</a></code> attribute is present, it must be a
+ <a href=#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>. <span class=impl>To obtain the
+ corresponding citation link, the value of the attribute must be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolved</a> relative to the element.</span> User agents may allow users to follow such
+ citation links, but they are primarily intended for private use (e.g. by server-side scripts
+ collecting statistics about a site's use of quotations), not for readers.</p>
+
+ <p>The content of a <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code> may be abbreviated or may have context added in the
+ conventional manner for the text's language.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, in English this is traditionally done using square brackets. Consider a page with
+ the sentence "Fred ate the cracker. He then said he liked apples and fish."; it could be quoted
+ as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;[Fred] then said he liked [...] fish.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/blockquote&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Attribution for the quotation, if any, must be placed outside the <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>
+ element.</p> <!-- Eventually someone is going to ask about quotes that are self-attributing, e.g.
+ someone quoting an e-mail with full headers... -->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, here the attribution is given in a paragraph after the quote:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I contend that we are both atheists. I just believe in one fewer
+ god than you do. When you understand why you dismiss all the other
+ possible gods, you will understand why I dismiss yours.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/blockquote&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&mdash; Stephen Roberts&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The other examples below show other ways of showing attribution.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-quote-cite title=dom-quote-cite><code>cite</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the element's <code title="">cite</code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here a <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code> element is used in conjunction with a <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>
+ element and its <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> to clearly relate a quote to its attribution (which is
+ not part of the quote and therefore doesn't belong inside the <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>
+ itself):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The truth may be puzzling. It may take some work to grapple with.
+ It may be counterintuitive. It may contradict deeply held
+ prejudices. It may not be consonant with what we desperately want to
+ be true. But our preferences do not determine what's true. We have a
+ method, and that method helps us to reach not absolute truth, only
+ asymptotic approaches to the truth &mdash; never there, just closer
+ and closer, always finding vast new oceans of undiscovered
+ possibilities. Cleverly designed experiments are the key.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Carl Sagan, in "&lt;cite&gt;Wonder and Skepticism&lt;/cite&gt;", from
+ the &lt;cite&gt;Skeptical Enquirer&lt;/cite&gt; Volume 19, Issue 1 (January-February
+ 1995)&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This next example shows the use of <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code> alongside <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;His next piece was the aptly named &lt;cite&gt;Sonnet 130&lt;/cite&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;blockquote cite="http://quotes.example.org/s/sonnet130.html"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun,&lt;br&gt;
+ Coral is far more red, than her lips red,&lt;br&gt;
+ ...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows how a forum post could use <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code> to show what post a user
+ is replying to. The <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element is used for each post, to mark up the
+ threading.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;&lt;a href="http://bacon.example.com/?blog=109431"&gt;Bacon on a crowbar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;&lt;strong&gt;t3yw&lt;/strong&gt; 12 points 1 hour ago&lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I bet a narwhal would love that.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="?pid=29578"&gt;permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;&lt;strong&gt;greg&lt;/strong&gt; 8 points 1 hour ago&lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;I bet a narwhal would love that.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Dude narwhals don't eat bacon.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="?pid=29579"&gt;permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;&lt;strong&gt;t3yw&lt;/strong&gt; 15 points 1 hour ago&lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;I bet a narwhal would love that.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Dude narwhals don't eat bacon.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Next thing you'll be saying they don't get capes and wizard
+ hats either!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="?pid=29580"&gt;permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;&lt;strong&gt;boing&lt;/strong&gt; -5 points 1 hour ago&lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;narwhals are worse than ceiling cat&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="?pid=29581"&gt;permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;&lt;strong&gt;fred&lt;/strong&gt; 1 points 23 minutes ago&lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;I bet a narwhal would love that.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I bet they'd love to peel a banana too.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;&lt;a href="?pid=29582"&gt;permalink&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows the use of a <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code> for short snippets, demonstrating that
+ one does not have to use <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> elements inside <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code> elements:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;He began his list of "lessons" with the following:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;blockquote&gt;One should never assume that his side of
+the issue will be recognized, let alone that it will
+be conceded to have merits.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;He continued with a number of similar points, ending with:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;blockquote&gt;Finally, one should be prepared for the threat
+of breakdown in negotiations at any given moment and not
+be cowed by the possibility.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;We shall now discuss these points...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note><a href=#conversations>Examples of how to represent a conversation</a> are shown
+ in a later section; it is not appropriate to use the <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>
+ elements for this purpose.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-ol-element><span class=secno>4.4.5 </span>The <dfn><code>ol</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element's children include at least one <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element: <a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Zero or more <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> and <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-ol-reversed><a href=#attr-ol-reversed>reversed</a></code> &mdash; Number the list backwards</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-ol-start><a href=#attr-ol-start>start</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#ordinal-value>Ordinal value</a> of the first item</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-ol-type><a href=#attr-ol-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Kind of list marker</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlolistelement>HTMLOListElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-ol-reversed title=dom-ol-reversed>reversed</a>;
+ attribute long <a href=#dom-ol-start title=dom-ol-start>start</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-ol-type title=dom-ol-type>type</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLOListElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a list of items, where the items have been
+ intentionally ordered, such that changing the order would change the meaning of the document.</p>
+
+ <p>The items of the list are the <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element child nodes of the <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>
+ element, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-ol-reversed title=attr-ol-reversed><code>reversed</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. If present, it indicates that the list is a descending list (..., 3, 2, 1). If
+ the attribute is omitted, the list is an ascending list (1, 2, 3, ...).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-ol-start title=attr-ol-start><code>start</code></dfn> attribute, if present, must be a
+ <a href=#valid-integer>valid integer</a> giving the <a href=#ordinal-value>ordinal value</a> of the first list item.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-ol-start><a href=#attr-ol-start>start</a></code> attribute is present, user agents must <a href=#rules-for-parsing-integers title="rules for parsing integers">parse it as an integer</a>, in order to determine the
+ attribute's value. The default value, used if the attribute is missing or if the value cannot be
+ converted to a number according to the referenced algorithm, is 1 if the element has no <code title=attr-ol-reversed><a href=#attr-ol-reversed>reversed</a></code> attribute, and is the number of child <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code>
+ elements otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The first item in the list has the <a href=#ordinal-value>ordinal value</a> given by the <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>
+ element's <code title=attr-ol-start><a href=#attr-ol-start>start</a></code> attribute, unless that <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element
+ has a <code title=attr-li-value><a href=#attr-li-value>value</a></code> attribute with a value that can be successfully
+ parsed, in which case it has the <a href=#ordinal-value>ordinal value</a> given by that <code title=attr-li-value><a href=#attr-li-value>value</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Each subsequent item in the list has the <a href=#ordinal-value>ordinal value</a> given by its <code title=attr-li-value><a href=#attr-li-value>value</a></code> attribute, if it has one, or, if it doesn't, the <a href=#ordinal-value>ordinal
+ value</a> of the previous item, plus one if the <code title=attr-ol-reversed><a href=#attr-ol-reversed>reversed</a></code>
+ is absent, or minus one if it is present.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-ol-type title=attr-ol-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute can be used to specify the kind
+ of marker to use in the list, in the cases where that matters (e.g. because items are to be
+ referenced by their number/letter). The attribute, if specified, must have a value that is a
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for one of the characters given in the first cell of one of the
+ rows of the following table. <span class=impl>The <code title=attr-ol-type><a href=#attr-ol-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute represents the state given in the cell in the second column of the row whose first cell
+ matches the attribute's value; if none of the cells match, or if the attribute is omitted, then
+ the attribute represents the <a href=#attr-ol-type-state-decimal title=attr-ol-type-state-decimal>decimal</a>
+ state.</span></p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Keyword
+ <th>State
+ <th>Description
+ <th colspan=8>Examples for values 1-3 and 3999-4001
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=attr-ol-type-keyword-decimal title=attr-ol-type-keyword-decimal><code>1</code></dfn> (U+0031)
+ <td><dfn id=attr-ol-type-state-decimal title=attr-ol-type-state-decimal>decimal</dfn>
+ <td>Decimal numbers
+ <td class=eg><samp>1.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>2.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>3.</samp> <td class=eg>... <td class=eg><samp>3999.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>4000.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>4001.</samp> <td class=eg>...
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-ol-type-keyword-lower-alpha title=attr-ol-type-keyword-lower-alpha><code>a</code></dfn> (U+0061)
+ <td><dfn id=attr-ol-type-state-lower-alpha title=attr-ol-type-state-lower-alpha>lower-alpha</dfn>
+ <td>Lowercase latin alphabet
+ <td class=eg><samp>a.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>b.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>c.</samp> <td class=eg>... <td class=eg><samp>ewu.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>ewv.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>eww.</samp> <td class=eg>...
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-ol-type-keyword-upper-alpha title=attr-ol-type-keyword-upper-alpha><code>A</code></dfn> (U+0041)
+ <td><dfn id=attr-ol-type-state-upper-alpha title=attr-ol-type-state-upper-alpha>upper-alpha</dfn>
+ <td>Uppercase latin alphabet
+ <td class=eg><samp>A.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>B.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>C.</samp> <td class=eg>... <td class=eg><samp>EWU.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>EWV.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>EWW.</samp> <td class=eg>...
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-ol-type-keyword-lower-roman title=attr-ol-type-keyword-lower-roman><code>i</code></dfn> (U+0069)
+ <td><dfn id=attr-ol-type-state-lower-roman title=attr-ol-type-state-lower-roman>lower-roman</dfn>
+ <td>Lowercase roman numerals
+ <td class=eg><samp>i.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>ii.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>iii.</samp> <td class=eg>... <td class=eg><samp>mmmcmxcix.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>i&#x305;v&#x305;.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>i&#x305;v&#x305;i.</samp> <td class=eg>...
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-ol-type-keyword-upper-roman title=attr-ol-type-keyword-upper-roman><code>I</code></dfn> (U+0049)
+ <td><dfn id=attr-ol-type-state-upper-roman title=attr-ol-type-state-upper-roman>upper-roman</dfn>
+ <td>Uppercase roman numerals
+ <td class=eg><samp>I.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>II.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>III.</samp> <td class=eg>... <td class=eg><samp>MMMCMXCIX.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>I&#x305;V&#x305;.</samp> <td class=eg><samp>I&#x305;V&#x305;I.</samp> <td class=eg>...
+ </table><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents should render the items of the list in a manner consistent with the state of the
+ <code title=attr-ol-type><a href=#attr-ol-type>type</a></code> attribute of the <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> element. Numbers less than
+ or equal to zero should always use the decimal system regardless of the <code title=attr-ol-type><a href=#attr-ol-type>type</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For CSS user agents, a mapping for this attribute to the 'list-style-type' CSS
+ property is given <a href=#decohints>in the rendering section</a> (the mapping is
+ straightforward: the states above have the same names as their corresponding CSS values).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- v2: resuming numbering of lists from previous lists? -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-ol-reversed title=dom-ol-reversed><code>reversed</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-ol-start title=dom-ol-start><code>start</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-ol-type title=dom-ol-type><code>type</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ respective content attributes of the same name. The <code title=dom-ol-start><a href=#dom-ol-start>start</a></code> IDL
+ attribute has the same default as its content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following markup shows a list where the order matters, and where the <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>
+ element is therefore appropriate. Compare this list to the equivalent list in the <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code>
+ section to see an example of the same items using the <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;I have lived in the following countries (given in the order of when
+I first lived there):&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ol&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;Switzerland
+ &lt;li&gt;United Kingdom
+ &lt;li&gt;United States
+ &lt;li&gt;Norway
+&lt;/ol&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Note how changing the order of the list changes the meaning of the document. In the following
+ example, changing the relative order of the first two items has changed the birthplace of the
+ author:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;I have lived in the following countries (given in the order of when
+I first lived there):&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ol&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;United Kingdom
+ &lt;li&gt;Switzerland
+ &lt;li&gt;United States
+ &lt;li&gt;Norway
+&lt;/ol&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-ul-element><span class=secno>4.4.6 </span>The <dfn><code>ul</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element's children include at least one <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element: <a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Zero or more <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> and <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlulistelement>HTMLUListElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ // <a href="#HTMLUListElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a list of items, where the order of the
+ items is not important &mdash; that is, where changing the order would not materially change the
+ meaning of the document.</p>
+
+ <p>The items of the list are the <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element child nodes of the <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following markup shows a list where the order does not matter, and where the
+ <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> element is therefore appropriate. Compare this list to the equivalent list in the
+ <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> section to see an example of the same items using the <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;I have lived in the following countries:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;Norway
+ &lt;li&gt;Switzerland
+ &lt;li&gt;United Kingdom
+ &lt;li&gt;United States
+&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Note that changing the order of the list does not change the meaning of the document. The
+ items in the snippet above are given in alphabetical order, but in the snippet below they are
+ given in order of the size of their current account balance in 2007, without changing the meaning
+ of the document whatsoever:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;I have lived in the following countries:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;Switzerland
+ &lt;li&gt;Norway
+ &lt;li&gt;United Kingdom
+ &lt;li&gt;United States
+&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-li-element><span class=secno>4.4.7 </span>The <dfn><code>li</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Inside <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Inside <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Inside <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#toolbar-state title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>An <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element is immediately followed by another <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element or if there is
+ no more content in the parent element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd>If the element is a child of an <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> element: <code title=attr-li-value><a href=#attr-li-value>value</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#ordinal-value>Ordinal value</a> of the list item</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmllielement>HTMLLIElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute long <a href=#dom-li-value title=dom-li-value>value</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLLIElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a list item. If its parent element is an
+ <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element, then the element is an item of the
+ parent element's list, as defined for those elements. Otherwise, the list item has no defined
+ list-related relationship to any other <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the parent element is an <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> element, then the <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element has an
+ <dfn id=ordinal-value>ordinal value</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-li-value title=attr-li-value><code>value</code></dfn> attribute, if present, must be a
+ <a href=#valid-integer>valid integer</a> giving the <a href=#ordinal-value>ordinal value</a> of the list item.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-li-value><a href=#attr-li-value>value</a></code> attribute is present, user agents must <a href=#rules-for-parsing-integers title="rules for parsing integers">parse it as an integer</a>, in order to determine the
+ attribute's value. If the attribute's value cannot be converted to a number, the attribute must be
+ treated as if it was absent. The attribute has no default value.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-li-value><a href=#attr-li-value>value</a></code> attribute is processed relative to the element's
+ parent <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> element (q.v.), if there is one. If there is not, the attribute has no
+ effect.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-li-value title=dom-li-value><code>value</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the value of the <code title=attr-li-value><a href=#attr-li-value>value</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example, the top ten movies are listed (in reverse order). Note the way the list
+ is given a title by using a <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element and its <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;The top 10 movies of all time&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;ol&gt;
+ &lt;li value="10"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Josie and the Pussycats&lt;/cite&gt;, 2001&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li value="9"&gt;&lt;cite lang="sh"&gt;&TScy;&rcy;&ncy;&acy; &mcy;&acy;&chcy;&kcy;&acy;, &bcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy; &mcy;&acy;&chcy;&ocy;&rcy;&lt;/cite&gt;, 1998&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li value="8"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;A Bug's Life&lt;/cite&gt;, 1998&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li value="7"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Toy Story&lt;/cite&gt;, 1995&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li value="6"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Monsters, Inc&lt;/cite&gt;, 2001&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li value="5"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Cars&lt;/cite&gt;, 2006&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li value="4"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Toy Story 2&lt;/cite&gt;, 1999&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li value="3"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Finding Nemo&lt;/cite&gt;, 2003&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li value="2"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The Incredibles&lt;/cite&gt;, 2004&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li value="1"&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Ratatouille&lt;/cite&gt;, 2007&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The markup could also be written as follows, using the <code title=attr-ol-reversed><a href=#attr-ol-reversed>reversed</a></code> attribute on the <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;The top 10 movies of all time&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;ol reversed&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Josie and the Pussycats&lt;/cite&gt;, 2001&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite lang="sh"&gt;&TScy;&rcy;&ncy;&acy; &mcy;&acy;&chcy;&kcy;&acy;, &bcy;&iecy;&lcy;&icy; &mcy;&acy;&chcy;&ocy;&rcy;&lt;/cite&gt;, 1998&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;A Bug's Life&lt;/cite&gt;, 1998&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Toy Story&lt;/cite&gt;, 1995&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Monsters, Inc&lt;/cite&gt;, 2001&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Cars&lt;/cite&gt;, 2006&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Toy Story 2&lt;/cite&gt;, 1999&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Finding Nemo&lt;/cite&gt;, 2003&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;The Incredibles&lt;/cite&gt;, 2004&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Ratatouille&lt;/cite&gt;, 2007&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>While it is conforming to include heading elements (e.g. <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>) inside
+ <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> elements, it likely does not convey the semantics that the author intended. A
+ heading starts a new section, so a heading in a list implicitly splits the list into spanning
+ multiple sections.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-dl-element><span class=secno>4.4.8 </span>The <dfn><code>dl</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element's children include at least one name-value group: <a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Zero or more groups each consisting of one or more <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> elements followed by one or more <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> elements, optionally intermixed with <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmldlistelement>HTMLDListElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ // <a href="#HTMLDListElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> an association list consisting of zero or
+ more name-value groups (a description list). A name-value group consists of one or more names
+ (<code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> elements) followed by one or more values (<code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> elements), ignoring any
+ nodes other than <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> elements. Within a single <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code>
+ element, there should not be more than one <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element for each name.</p>
+
+ <p>Name-value groups may be terms and definitions, metadata topics and values, questions and
+ answers, or any other groups of name-value data.</p>
+
+ <p>The values within a group are alternatives; multiple paragraphs forming part of the same value
+ must all be given within the same <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The order of the list of groups, and of the names and values within each group, may be
+ significant.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element is empty, it contains no groups.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element has one or more non-<a href=#inter-element-whitespace title="inter-element
+ whitespace">whitespace</a> <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node children, or has child elements that are
+ neither <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> nor <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> elements, all such <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes and
+ elements, as well as their descendants (including any <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code>
+ elements), do not form part of any groups in that <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element has one or more <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element children but no
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element children, then it consists of one group with names but no values.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element has one or more <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element children but no
+ <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element children, then it consists of one group with values but no names.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element's first <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element child is a
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element, then the first group has no associated name.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element's last <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element child is a
+ <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element, then the last group has no associated value.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>When a <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element doesn't match its content model, it is often due to
+ accidentally using <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> elements in the place of <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> elements and vice
+ versa. Conformance checkers can spot such mistakes and might be able to advise authors how to
+ correctly use the markup.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, one entry ("Authors") is linked to two values ("John" and
+ "Luke").</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; Authors
+ &lt;dd&gt; John
+ &lt;dd&gt; Luke
+ &lt;dt&gt; Editor
+ &lt;dd&gt; Frank
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, one definition is linked to two terms.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt lang="en-US"&gt; &lt;dfn&gt;color&lt;/dfn&gt; &lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dt lang="en-GB"&gt; &lt;dfn&gt;colour&lt;/dfn&gt; &lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt; A sensation which (in humans) derives from the ability of
+ the fine structure of the eye to distinguish three differently
+ filtered analyses of a view. &lt;/dd&gt;
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example illustrates the use of the <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element to mark up metadata
+ of sorts. At the end of the example, one group has two metadata labels ("Authors" and "Editors")
+ and two values ("Robert Rothman" and "Daniel Jackson").</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; Last modified time &lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt; 2004-12-23T23:33Z &lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; Recommended update interval &lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt; 60s &lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; Authors &lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; Editors &lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt; Robert Rothman &lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt; Daniel Jackson &lt;/dd&gt;
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows the <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element used to give a set of instructions.
+ The order of the instructions here is important (in the other examples, the order of the blocks
+ was not important).</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Determine the victory points as follows (use the
+first matching case):&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; If you have exactly five gold coins &lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt; You get five victory points &lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; If you have one or more gold coins, and you have one or more silver coins &lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt; You get two victory points &lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; If you have one or more silver coins &lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt; You get one victory point &lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; Otherwise &lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt; You get no victory points &lt;/dd&gt;
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following snippet shows a <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element being used as a glossary. Note the use
+ of <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code> to indicate the word being defined.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;Apartment&lt;/dfn&gt;, n.&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;An execution context grouping one or more threads with one or
+ more COM objects.&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;Flat&lt;/dfn&gt;, n.&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;A deflated tire.&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;Home&lt;/dfn&gt;, n.&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;The user's login directory.&lt;/dd&gt;
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element is inappropriate for marking up dialogue. <a href=#conversations>Examples of how to mark up dialogue</a> are shown below.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-dt-element><span class=secno>4.4.9 </span>The <dfn><code>dt</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Before <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> elements inside <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>, but with no <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>, <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a>, or <a href=#heading-content>heading content</a> descendants.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element is immediately followed by another <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element or a
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the term, or name, part of a
+ term-description group in a description list (<code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element itself, when used in a <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element, does
+ not indicate that its contents are a term being defined, but this can be indicated using the
+ <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows a list of frequently asked questions (a FAQ) marked up using the
+ <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element for questions and the <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element for answers.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;FAQ&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;What do we want?&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;Our data.&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;When do we want it?&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;Now.&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Where is it?&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;We are not sure.&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;/dl&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-dd-element><span class=secno>4.4.10 </span>The <dfn><code>dd</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>After <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> elements inside <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element is immediately followed by another <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element or a
+ <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the description, definition, or value, part
+ of a term-description group in a description list (<code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> element).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> can be used to define a vocabulary list, like in a dictionary. In the
+ following example, each entry, given by a <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> with a <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code>, has several
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code>s, showing the various parts of the definition.</p>
+
+ <!-- the actual pronunciations below are nonsense. -->
+ <pre>&lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;happiness&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd class="pronunciation"&gt;/'h&aelig; p. nes/&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dd class="part-of-speech"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;n.&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;The state of being happy.&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;Good fortune; success. &lt;q&gt;Oh &lt;b&gt;happiness&lt;/b&gt;! It worked!&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;&lt;dfn&gt;rejoice&lt;/dfn&gt;&lt;/dt&gt;
+ &lt;dd class="pronunciation"&gt;/ri jois'/&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;&lt;i class="part-of-speech"&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;v.intr.&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/i&gt; To be delighted oneself.&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dd&gt;&lt;i class="part-of-speech"&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;v.tr.&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/i&gt; To cause one to be delighted.&lt;/dd&gt;
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-figure-element><span class=secno>4.4.11 </span>The <dfn><code>figure</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#sectioning-root>Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Either: One <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> element followed by <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: <a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a> followed by one <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: <a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><!-- v2: Add a <credit> element for photo credits --><p>The <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> some <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>,
+ optionally with a caption, that is self-contained (like a complete sentence) and is typically
+ referenced as a single unit from the main flow of the document.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Self-contained in this context does not necessarily mean independent. For example,
+ each sentence in a paragraph is self-contained; an image that is part of a sentence would be
+ inappropriate for <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>, but an entire sentence made of images would be fitting.</p>
+
+ <p>The element can thus be used to annotate illustrations, diagrams, photos, code listings, etc.</p>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> is referred to from the main content of the document by identifying
+ it by its caption (e.g. by figure number), it enables such content to be easily moved away from
+ that primary content, e.g. to the side of the page, to dedicated pages, or to an appendix, without
+ affecting the flow of the document.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element is referenced by its relative position, e.g. "in the
+ photograph above" or "as the next figure shows", then moving the figure would disrupt the page's
+ meaning. Authors are encouraged to consider using labels to refer to figures, rather than using
+ such relative references, so that the page can easily be restyled without affecting the page's
+ meaning.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <span class=impl>first</span> <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> element child of the element, if
+ any, represents the caption of the <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element's contents. If there is no child
+ <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> element, then there is no caption.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element's contents are part of the surrounding flow. If the purpose of
+ the page is to display the figure, for example a photograph on an image sharing site, the
+ <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> elements can be used to explicitly provide a
+ caption for that figure. For content that is only tangentially related, or that serves a separate
+ purpose than the surrounding flow, the <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code> element should be used (and can itself
+ wrap a <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>). For example, a pull quote that repeats content from an
+ <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> would be more appropriate in an <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code> than in a
+ <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>, because it isn't part of the content, it's a repetition of the content for
+ the purposes of enticing readers or highlighting key topics.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows the <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element to mark up a code listing.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;In &lt;a href="#l4"&gt;listing 4&lt;/a&gt; we see the primary core interface
+API declaration.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;figure id="l4"&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Listing 4. The primary core interface API declaration.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;interface PrimaryCore {
+ boolean verifyDataLine();
+ void sendData(in sequence&amp;lt;byte&gt; data);
+ void initSelfDestruct();
+}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;The API is designed to use UTF-8.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here we see a <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element to mark up a photo that is the main content of the
+ page (as in a gallery).</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Bubbles at work &mdash; My Gallery&trade;&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;img src="bubbles-work.jpeg"
+ alt="Bubbles, sitting in his office chair, works on his
+ latest project intently."&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Bubbles at work&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;
+&lt;nav&gt;&lt;a href="19414.html"&gt;Prev&lt;/a&gt; &mdash; &lt;a href="19416.html"&gt;Next&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nav&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, we see an image that is <em>not</em> a figure, as well as an image and a
+ video that are. The first image is literally part of the example's second sentence, so it's not a
+ self-contained unit, and thus <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> would be inappropriate.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h2&gt;Malinko's comics&lt;/h2&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;This case centered on some sort of "intellectual property"
+infringement related to a comic (see Exhibit A). The suit started
+after a trailer ending with these words:
+
+&lt;blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;img src="promblem-packed-action.png" alt="ROUGH COPY! Promblem-Packed Action!"&gt;
+&lt;/blockquote&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;...was aired. A lawyer, armed with a Bigger Notebook, launched a
+preemptive strike using snowballs. A complete copy of the trailer is
+included with Exhibit B.
+
+&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;img src="ex-a.png" alt="Two squiggles on a dirty piece of paper."&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Exhibit A. The alleged &lt;cite&gt;rough copy&lt;/cite&gt; comic.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;
+
+&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;video src="ex-b.mov"&gt;&lt;/video&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Exhibit B. The &lt;cite&gt;Rough Copy&lt;/cite&gt; trailer.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;The case was resolved out of court.</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, a part of a poem is marked up using <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves&lt;br&gt;
+ Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;&lt;br&gt;
+ All mimsy were the borogoves,&lt;br&gt;
+ And the mome raths outgrabe.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Jabberwocky&lt;/cite&gt; (first verse). Lewis Carroll, 1832-98&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, which could be part of a much larger work discussing a castle, nested
+ <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> elements are used to provide both a group caption and individual captions for
+ each figure in the group:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;The castle through the ages: 1423, 1858, and 1999 respectively.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Etching. Anonymous, ca. 1423.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;img src="castle1423.jpeg" alt="The castle has one tower, and a tall wall around it."&gt;
+ &lt;/figure&gt;
+ &lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Oil-based paint on canvas. Maria Towle, 1858.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;img src="castle1858.jpeg" alt="The castle now has two towers and two walls."&gt;
+ &lt;/figure&gt;
+ &lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Film photograph. Peter Jankle, 1999.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;img src="castle1999.jpeg" alt="The castle lies in ruins, the original tower all that remains in one piece."&gt;
+ &lt;/figure&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The previous example could also be more succintly written as follows (using <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attributes in place of the nested
+ <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>/<code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> pairs):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;img src="castle1423.jpeg" title="Etching. Anonymous, ca. 1423."
+ alt="The castle has one tower, and a tall wall around it."&gt;
+ &lt;img src="castle1858.jpeg" title="Oil-based paint on canvas. Maria Towle, 1858."
+ alt="The castle now has two towers and two walls."&gt;
+ &lt;img src="castle1999.jpeg" title="Film photograph. Peter Jankle, 1999."
+ alt="The castle lies in ruins, the original tower all that remains in one piece."&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;The castle through the ages: 1423, 1858, and 1999 respectively.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The figure is sometimes referenced only implicitly from the content:</p>
+
+ <!-- from http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/15/us-usa-fiscal-idUSBRE98N11220131015 -->
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Fiscal negotiations stumble in Congress as deadline nears&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;img src="obama-reid.jpeg" alt="Obama and Reid sit together smiling in the Oval Office."&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Barrak Obama and Harry Reid. White House press photograph.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;/figure&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Negotiations in Congress to end the fiscal impasse sputtered on Tuesday, leaving both chambers
+ grasping for a way to reopen the government and raise the country's borrowing authority with a
+ Thursday deadline drawing near.&lt;/p&gt;
+ ...
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-figcaption-element><span class=secno>4.4.12 </span>The <dfn><code>figcaption</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As the first or last child of a <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a caption or legend for the rest of
+ the contents of the <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> element's parent <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element<span class=impl>, if any</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-main-element><span class=secno>4.4.13 </span>The <dfn><code>main</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code> element can be used as a container for the dominant contents of another
+ element. It <a href=#represents>represents</a> its children.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code> element is distinct from the <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> elements in that the <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code> element does not contribute to the
+ document <a href=#outline>outline</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, the author has used a presentation where each component of the page is
+ rendered in a box. To wrap the main content of the page (as opposed to the header, the footer,
+ the navigation bar, and a sidebar), the <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code> element is used.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;RPG System 17&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;style&gt;
+ header, nav, aside, main, footer {
+ margin: 0.5em; border: thin solid; padding: 0.5em;
+ background: #EFF; color: black; box-shadow: 0 0 0.25em #033;
+ }
+ h1, h2, p { margin: 0; }
+ nav, main { float: left; }
+ aside { float: right; }
+ footer { clear: both; }
+&lt;/style&gt;
+&lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;System Eighteen&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;/header&gt;
+&lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;a href="../16/"&gt;&slarr; System 17&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;a href="../18/"&gt;RPXIX &srarr;&lt;/a&gt;
+&lt;/nav&gt;
+&lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;This system has no HP mechanic, so there's no healing.
+&lt;/aside&gt;
+&lt;main&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Character creation&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Attributes (magic, strength, agility) are purchased at the cost of one point per level.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Rolls&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Each encounter, roll the dice for all your skills. If you roll more than the opponent, you win.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/main&gt;
+&lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Copyright &copy; 2013
+&lt;/footer&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-div-element><span class=secno>4.4.14 </span>The <dfn><code>div</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmldivelement>HTMLDivElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ // <a href="#HTMLDivElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element has no special meaning at all. It <a href=#represents>represents</a> its
+ children. It can be used with the <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code>, <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code>, and <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attributes to mark up
+ semantics common to a group of consecutive elements.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Authors are strongly encouraged to view the <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element as an element
+ of last resort, for when no other element is suitable. Use of more appropriate elements instead of
+ the <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element leads to better accessibility for readers and easier maintainability
+ for authors.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, a blog post would be marked up using <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>, a chapter using
+ <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>, a page's navigation aids using <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>, and a group of form
+ controls using <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>On the other hand, <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> elements can be useful for stylistic purposes or to wrap
+ multiple paragraphs within a section that are all to be annotated in a similar way. In the
+ following example, we see <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> elements used as a way to set the language of two
+ paragraphs at once, instead of setting the language on the two paragraph elements separately:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article lang="en-US"&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My use of language and my cats&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My cat's behavior hasn't changed much since her absence, except
+ that she plays her new physique to the neighbors regularly, in an
+ attempt to get pets.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;div lang="en-GB"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My other cat, coloured black and white, is a sweetie. He followed
+ us to the pool today, walking down the pavement with us. Yesterday
+ he apparently visited our neighbours. I wonder if he recognises that
+ their flat is a mirror image of ours.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Hm, I just noticed that in the last paragraph I used British
+ English. But I'm supposed to write in American English. So I
+ shouldn't say "pavement" or "flat" or "colour"...&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/div&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I should say "sidewalk" and "apartment" and "color"!&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h3 id=text-level-semantics><span class=secno>4.5 </span>Text-level semantics</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=the-a-element><span class=secno>4.5.1 </span>The <dfn><code>a</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#transparent>Transparent</a>, but there must be no <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a> descendant.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> &mdash; Address of the <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#browsing-context>Browsing context</a> for <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code> &mdash; Whether to download the resource instead of navigating to it, and its file name if so</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> to ping</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code> &mdash; Relationship between the document containing the hyperlink and the destination resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>hreflang</a></code> &mdash; Language of the linked resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Hint for the type of the referenced resource</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlanchorelement>HTMLAnchorElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-a-target title=dom-a-target>target</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-a-download title=dom-a-download>download</a>;
+ [PutForwards=<span title=dom-DOMSettableTokenList-value>value</span>] attribute <a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-a-ping title=dom-a-ping>ping</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-a-rel title=dom-a-rel>rel</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#domtokenlist>DOMTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-a-rellist title=dom-a-relList>relList</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-a-hreflang title=dom-a-hreflang>hreflang</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-a-type title=dom-a-type>type</a>;
+
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-a-text title=dom-a-text>text</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLAnchorElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};
+<a href=#htmlanchorelement>HTMLAnchorElement</a> implements <a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a>;</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>If the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element has an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute,
+ then it <a href=#represents>represents</a> a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> (a hypertext anchor) labeled by its
+ contents.</p>
+
+ <!-- v2: Eric Meyer requests the ability to nest links so that a big hyperlink, e.g. representing
+ a calendar event, can be clickable, while within it there are subareas that represent links to
+ distinct areas, e.g. a link to see photos of the event, or to edit the event, or some such. -->
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute,
+ then the element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a placeholder for where a link might otherwise have been
+ placed, if it had been relevant, consisting of just the element's contents.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code>, <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code>, <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code>, <code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>hreflang</a></code>, and <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code>
+ attributes must be omitted if the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute is not
+ present.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is specified on an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element,
+ then the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute must also be specified.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>If a site uses a consistent navigation toolbar on every page, then the link that would
+ normally link to the page itself could be marked up using an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="/news"&gt;News&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt; &lt;a&gt;Examples&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt; &lt;a href="/legal"&gt;Legal&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;/nav&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>, <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code>, <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code>, and <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code>
+ attributes affect what happens when users <a href=#following-hyperlinks title="following hyperlinks">follow
+ hyperlinks</a> or <a href=#downloading-hyperlinks title="downloading hyperlinks">download hyperlinks</a> created using
+ the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element. The <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code>, <code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>hreflang</a></code>, and <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code>
+ attributes may be used to indicate to the user the likely nature of the target resource before the
+ user follows the link.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> of <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements that create <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a> is to run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- c.f. <area>'s similar section, also <link>'s --><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>, then abort these steps.</li>
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2033 -->
+ <!-- http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/html/navigation/iframe/002.html -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If either the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code> attribute and the algorithm is not <a href=#allowed-to-show-a-popup>allowed
+ to show a popup</a>, or the element's <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code>
+ attribute is present and applying <a href=#the-rules-for-choosing-a-browsing-context-given-a-browsing-context-name>the rules for choosing a browsing context given a
+ browsing context name</a>, using the value of the <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code> attribute as the browsing context name, would result
+ in there not being a chosen browsing context, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If there is an <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>, throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidaccesserror>InvalidAccessError</a></code> exception.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort these steps without following the hyperlink.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the target of the <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event is an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>
+ element with an <code title=attr-img-ismap><a href=#attr-img-ismap>ismap</a></code> attribute specified, then server-side
+ image map processing must be performed, as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C%21DOCTYPE%20html%3E%0A...%3Ca%20href%3D%22%23%22%3E%3Cimg%20ismap%20usemap%3D%22%23a%22%20src%3D/resources/images/smallcats%3E%3C/a%3E%0A%3Cmap%20name%3Da%3E%3Carea%20shape%3Drect%20coords%3D0%2C0%2C50%2C50%20href%3Db%3E%3C/map%3E --><li>If the <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event was a real pointing-device-triggered
+ <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event on the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element, then let <var title="">x</var> be the distance in CSS pixels from the left edge of the image's left border,
+ if it has one, or the left edge of the image otherwise, to the location of the click, and let
+ <var title="">y</var> be the distance in CSS pixels from the top edge of the image's top
+ border, if it has one, or the top edge of the image otherwise, to the location of the click.
+ Otherwise, let <var title="">x</var> and <var title="">y</var> be zero.</li>
+
+ <li>Let the <dfn id=hyperlink-suffix><var>hyperlink suffix</var></dfn> be a U+003F QUESTION MARK character, the
+ value of <var title="">x</var> expressed as a base-ten integer using <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>,
+ a U+002C COMMA character (,), and the value of <var title="">y</var> expressed as a base-ten
+ integer using <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Finally, the user agent must <a href=#following-hyperlinks title="following hyperlinks">follow the
+ hyperlink</a> or <a href=#downloading-hyperlinks title="downloading hyperlinks">download the hyperlink</a> created by
+ the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element, as determined by the <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code> attribute and any expressed user preference. If
+ the steps above defined a <var><a href=#hyperlink-suffix>hyperlink suffix</a></var>, then take that into account when following
+ or downloading the hyperlink.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">a</var> . <code title=dom-a-text><a href=#dom-a-text>text</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Same as <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The IDL attributes <dfn id=dom-a-download title=dom-a-download><code>download</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-a-ping title=dom-a-ping><code>ping</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-a-target title=dom-a-target><code>target</code></dfn>,
+ <dfn id=dom-a-rel title=dom-a-rel><code>rel</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-a-hreflang title=dom-a-hreflang><code>hreflang</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-a-type title=dom-a-type><code>type</code></dfn>, must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content
+ attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The IDL attribute <dfn id=dom-a-rellist title=dom-a-rellist><code>relList</code></dfn> must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-a-text title=dom-a-text><code>text</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must return the
+ same value as the <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute on the element, and on setting, must act
+ as if the <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute on the element had been set to the new value.</p>
+
+ <hr><!-- concept-uu --><p>The <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element also supports the <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface. <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When the element is created, and whenever the element's <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> content attribute is set, changed, or removed, the user
+ agent must invoke the element's <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface's <a href=#concept-uu-set-the-input title=concept-uu-set-the-input>set the input</a> algorithm with the value of the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> content attribute, if any, or the empty string otherwise,
+ as the given value.</p>
+
+ <p>The element's <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface's <a href=#concept-uu-get-the-base title=concept-uu-get-the-base>get the
+ base</a> algorithm must simply return <a href="#the-element's-base-url">the element's base URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The element's <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface's <a href=#concept-uu-query-encoding title=concept-uu-query-encoding>query
+ encoding</a> is the <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the element's <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface invokes its <a href=#concept-uu-update title=concept-uu-update>update steps</a> with a string <var title="">value</var>, the user
+ agent must set the element's <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> content attribute to
+ the string <var title="">value</var>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element may be wrapped around entire paragraphs, lists, tables, and so
+ forth, even entire sections, so long as there is no interactive content within (e.g. buttons or
+ other links). This example shows how this can be used to make an entire advertising block into a
+ link:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;aside class="advertising"&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Advertising&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;a href="http://ad.example.com/?adid=1929&amp;amp;pubid=1422"&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Mellblomatic 9000!&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Turn all your widgets into mellbloms!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Only $9.99 plus shipping and handling.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;a href="http://ad.example.com/?adid=375&amp;amp;pubid=1422"&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;The Mellblom Browser&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Web browsing at the speed of light.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;No other browser goes faster!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;/a&gt;
+&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-em-element><span class=secno>4.5.2 </span>The <dfn><code>em</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> stress emphasis of its contents.</p>
+
+ <p>The level of stress that a particular piece of content has is given by its number of ancestor
+ <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>The placement of stress emphasis changes the meaning of the sentence. The element thus forms an
+ integral part of the content. The precise way in which stress is used in this way depends on the
+ language.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>These examples show how changing the stress emphasis changes the meaning. First, a general
+ statement of fact, with no stress:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Cats are cute animals.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>By emphasizing the first word, the statement implies that the kind of animal under discussion
+ is in question (maybe someone is asserting that dogs are cute):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cats&lt;/em&gt; are cute animals.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Moving the stress to the verb, one highlights that the truth of the entire sentence is in
+ question (maybe someone is saying cats are not cute):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Cats &lt;em&gt;are&lt;/em&gt; cute animals.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>By moving it to the adjective, the exact nature of the cats is reasserted (maybe someone
+ suggested cats were <em>mean</em> animals):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Cats are &lt;em&gt;cute&lt;/em&gt; animals.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Similarly, if someone asserted that cats were vegetables, someone correcting this might
+ emphasise the last word:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Cats are cute &lt;em&gt;animals&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>By emphasizing the entire sentence, it becomes clear that the speaker is fighting hard to get
+ the point across. This kind of stress emphasis also typically affects the punctuation, hence the
+ exclamation mark here.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cats are cute animals!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Anger mixed with emphasizing the cuteness could lead to markup such as:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cats are &lt;em&gt;cute&lt;/em&gt; animals!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code> element isn't a generic "italics" element. Sometimes, text is intended to
+ stand out from the rest of the paragraph, as if it was in a different mood or voice. For this,
+ the <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code> element is more appropriate.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code> element also isn't intended to convey importance; for that purpose, the
+ <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> element is more appropriate.</p>
+
+ <!--
+
+ Thus the following is a bad use of <em>:
+
+ <p><em>Note</em>: ...</p>
+
+ You should use <strong> or <i> for this instead (depending on
+ exactly what you're doing).
+
+ -->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-strong-element><span class=secno>4.5.3 </span>The <dfn><code>strong</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> strong importance, seriousness, or
+ urgency for its contents.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Importance</strong>: The <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> element can be used in a heading, caption,
+ or paragraph to distinguish the part that really matters from other parts that might be more
+ detailed, more jovial, or merely boilerplate. (This is distinct from marking up subheadings, for
+ which the <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element is appropriate.)</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, the first word of the previous paragraph is marked up with
+ <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> to distinguish it from the more detailed text in the rest of the
+ paragraph.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Seriousness</strong>: The <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> element can be used to mark up a warning
+ or caution notice.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Urgency</strong>: The <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> element can be used to denote contents that
+ the user needs to see sooner than other parts of the document.</p>
+
+ <p>The relative level of importance of a piece of content is given by its number of ancestor
+ <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> elements; each <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> element increases the importance of its
+ contents.</p>
+
+ <p>Changing the importance of a piece of text with the <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> element does not change
+ the meaning of the sentence.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, the word "chapter" and the actual chapter number are mere boilerplate, and the actual
+ name of the chapter is marked up with <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code>:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;Chapter 1: &lt;strong&gt;The Praxis&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the name of the diagram in the caption is marked up with
+ <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code>, to distinguish it from boilerplate text (before) and the description
+ (after):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figcaption&gt;Figure 1. &lt;strong&gt;Ant colony dynamics&lt;/strong&gt;. The ants in this colony are
+affected by the heat source (upper left) and the food source (lower right).&lt;/figcaption&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In this example, the heading is really "Flowers, Bees, and Honey", but the author has added a
+ light-hearted addition to the heading. The <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> element is thus used to mark up
+ the first part to distinguish it from the latter part.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Flowers, Bees, and Honey&lt;/strong&gt; and other things I don't understand&lt;/h1&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>Here is an example of a warning notice in a game, with the
+ various parts marked up according to how important they are:</p>
+ <!-- DO NOT REFLOW THIS EXAMPLE it has been carefully balanced -->
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Warning.&lt;/strong&gt; This dungeon is dangerous.
+&lt;strong&gt;Avoid the ducks.&lt;/strong&gt; Take any gold you find.
+&lt;strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Do not take any of the diamonds&lt;/strong&gt;,
+they are explosive and &lt;strong&gt;will destroy anything within
+ten meters.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; You have been warned.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, the <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> element is used to denote the part of the text that
+ the user is intended to read first.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Welcome to Remy, the reminder system.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Your tasks for today:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Turn off the oven.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Put out the trash.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Do the laundry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-small-element><span class=secno>4.5.4 </span>The <dfn><code>small</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> side comments such as small print.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Small print typically features disclaimers, caveats, legal restrictions, or
+ copyrights. Small print is also sometimes used for attribution, or for satisfying licensing
+ requirements.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code> element does not "de-emphasize" or lower the importance of
+ text emphasized by the <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code> element or marked as important with the <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code>
+ element. To mark text as not emphasized or important, simply do not mark it up with the
+ <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> elements respectively.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code> element should not be used for extended spans of text, such as multiple
+ paragraphs, lists, or sections of text. It is only intended for short runs of text. The text of a
+ page listing terms of use, for instance, would not be a suitable candidate for the
+ <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code> element: in such a case, the text is not a side comment, it is the main content
+ of the page.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code> element must not be used for subheadings; for that purpose, use the
+ <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, the <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code> element is used to indicate that value-added tax is
+ not included in a price of a hotel room:</p>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Single room
+ &lt;dd&gt;199 &euro; &lt;small&gt;breakfast included, VAT not included&lt;/small&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Double room
+ &lt;dd&gt;239 &euro; &lt;small&gt;breakfast included, VAT not included&lt;/small&gt;
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this second example, the <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code> element is used for a side comment in an
+ article.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Example Corp today announced record profits for the
+second quarter &lt;small&gt;(Full Disclosure: Foo News is a subsidiary of
+Example Corp)&lt;/small&gt;, leading to speculation about a third quarter
+merger with Demo Group.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This is distinct from a sidebar, which might be multiple paragraphs long and is removed from
+ the main flow of text. In the following example, we see a sidebar from the same article. This
+ sidebar also has small print, indicating the source of the information in the sidebar.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Example Corp&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;This company mostly creates small software and Web
+ sites.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The Example Corp company mission is "To provide entertainment
+ and news on a sample basis".&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;Information obtained from &lt;a
+ href="http://example.com/about.html"&gt;example.com&lt;/a&gt; home
+ page.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this last example, the <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code> element is marked as being <em>important</em>
+ small print.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;small&gt;Continued use of this service will result in a kiss.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-s-element><span class=secno>4.5.5 </span>The <dfn><code>s</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> contents that are no longer accurate or no
+ longer relevant.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code> element is not appropriate when indicating document edits; to
+ mark a span of text as having been removed from a document, use the <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example a recommended retail price has been marked as no longer relevant as the
+ product in question has a new sale price.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Buy our Iced Tea and Lemonade!&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;s&gt;Recommended retail price: $3.99 per bottle&lt;/s&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Now selling for just $2.99 a bottle!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-cite-element><span class=secno>4.5.6 </span>The <dfn><code>cite</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the title of a work (e.g.
+ a book,
+ a paper,
+ an essay,
+ a poem,
+ a score,
+ a song,
+ a script,
+ a film,
+ a TV show,
+ a game,
+ a sculpture,
+ a painting,
+ a theatre production,
+ a play,
+ an opera,
+ a musical,
+ an exhibition,
+ a legal case report,
+ a computer program, <!-- "a software package" ? -->
+ etc). This can be a work that is being quoted or referenced in detail (i.e. a citation), or it can
+ just be a work that is mentioned in passing.</p>
+
+ <p>A person's name is not the title of a work &mdash; even if people call that person a piece of
+ work &mdash; and the element must therefore not be used to mark up people's names. (In some cases,
+ the <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element might be appropriate for names; e.g. in a gossip article where the
+ names of famous people are keywords rendered with a different style to draw attention to them. In
+ other cases, if an element is <em>really</em> needed, the <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code> element can be
+ used.)</p>
+
+<!--(some people argue a ship is a work)
+ <p>A ship is similarly not a work, and the element must not be used to mark up ship names (the
+ <code>i</code> element can be used for that purpose).</p>
+-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This next example shows a typical use of the <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;My favorite book is &lt;cite&gt;The Reality Dysfunction&lt;/cite&gt; by
+Peter F. Hamilton. My favorite comic is &lt;cite&gt;Pearls Before
+Swine&lt;/cite&gt; by Stephan Pastis. My favorite track is &lt;cite&gt;Jive
+Samba&lt;/cite&gt; by the Cannonball Adderley Sextet.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This is correct usage:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;According to the Wikipedia article &lt;cite&gt;HTML&lt;/cite&gt;, as it
+stood in mid-February 2008, leaving attribute values unquoted is
+unsafe. This is obviously an over-simplification.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The following, however, is incorrect usage, as the <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code> element here is
+ containing far more than the title of the work:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;!-- do not copy this example, it is an example of bad usage! --&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;According to &lt;cite&gt;the Wikipedia article on HTML&lt;/cite&gt;, as it
+stood in mid-February 2008, leaving attribute values unquoted is
+unsafe. This is obviously an over-simplification.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code> element is obviously a key part of any citation in a bibliography, but
+ it is only used to mark the title:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;cite&gt;Universal Declaration of Human Rights&lt;/cite&gt;, United Nations,
+December 1948. Adopted by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III).&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>A <em>citation</em> is not a <em>quote</em> (for which the <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> element
+ is appropriate).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This is incorrect usage, because <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code> is not for quotes:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;p&gt;&lt;cite&gt;This is wrong!&lt;/cite&gt;, said Ian.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This is also incorrect usage, because a person is not a work:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;p&gt;&lt;q&gt;This is still wrong!&lt;/q&gt;, said &lt;cite&gt;Ian&lt;/cite&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The correct usage does not use a <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;q&gt;This is correct&lt;/q&gt;, said Ian.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>As mentioned above, the <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element might be relevant for marking names as being
+ keywords in certain kinds of documents:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;And then &lt;b&gt;Ian&lt;/b&gt; said &lt;q&gt;this might be right, in a
+gossip column, maybe!&lt;/q&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-q-element><span class=secno>4.5.7 </span>The <dfn><code>q</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-q-cite><a href=#attr-q-cite>cite</a></code> &mdash; Link to the source of the quotation or more information about the edit</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlquoteelement>HTMLQuoteElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> some <a href=#phrasing-content title="phrasing content">phrasing
+ content</a> quoted from another source.</p>
+
+ <p>Quotation punctuation (such as quotation marks) that is quoting the contents of the element
+ must not appear immediately before, after, or inside <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> elements; they will be
+ inserted into the rendering by the user agent.</p>
+
+ <p>Content inside a <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> element must be quoted from another source, whose address, if
+ it has one, may be cited in the <dfn id=attr-q-cite title=attr-q-cite><code>cite</code></dfn> attribute. The
+ source may be fictional, as when quoting characters in a novel or screenplay.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-q-cite><a href=#attr-q-cite>cite</a></code> attribute is present, it must be a <a href=#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid URL
+ potentially surrounded by spaces</a>. <span class=impl>To obtain the corresponding citation
+ link, the value of the attribute must be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolved</a> relative to
+ the element.</span> User agents may allow users to follow such citation links, but they are
+ primarily intended for private use (e.g. by server-side scripts collecting statistics about a
+ site's use of quotations), not for readers.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> element must not be used in place of quotation marks that do not represent
+ quotes; for example, it is inappropriate to use the <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> element for marking up
+ sarcastic statements.</p>
+
+ <p>The use of <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> elements to mark up quotations is entirely optional; using explicit
+ quotation punctuation without <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> elements is just as correct.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is a simple example of the use of the <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The man said &lt;q&gt;Things that are impossible just take
+longer&lt;/q&gt;. I disagreed with him.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example with both an explicit citation link in the <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> element, and an
+ explicit citation outside:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The W3C page &lt;cite&gt;About W3C&lt;/cite&gt; says the W3C's
+mission is &lt;q cite="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/"&gt;To lead the
+World Wide Web to its full potential by developing protocols and
+guidelines that ensure long-term growth for the Web&lt;/q&gt;. I
+disagree with this mission.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the quotation itself contains a quotation:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;In &lt;cite&gt;Example One&lt;/cite&gt;, he writes &lt;q&gt;The man
+said &lt;q&gt;Things that are impossible just take longer&lt;/q&gt;. I
+disagreed with him&lt;/q&gt;. Well, I disagree even more!&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, quotation marks are used instead of the <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;His best argument was &#x275d;I disagree&#x275e;, which
+I thought was laughable.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, there is no quote &mdash; the quotation marks are used to name a
+ word. Use of the <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code> element in this case would be inappropriate.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The word "ineffable" could have been used to describe the disaster
+resulting from the campaign's mismanagement.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-dfn-element><span class=secno>4.5.8 </span>The <dfn><code>dfn</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>, but there must be no <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd>Also, the <code title=attr-dfn-title><a href=#attr-dfn-title>title</a></code> attribute <a href=#attr-dfn-title title=attr-dfn-title>has special semantics</a> on this element: Full term or expansion of abbreviation.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the defining instance of a term. The <a href=#paragraph title=paragraph>paragraph</a>, <a href=#the-dl-element title=dl>description list group</a>, or <a href=#sectioning-content title="sectioning content">section</a> that is the nearest ancestor of the <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code>
+ element must also contain the definition(s) for the <a href=#defining-term title="defining term">term</a> given
+ by the <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=defining-term>Defining term</dfn>: If the <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code> element has a <dfn id=attr-dfn-title title=attr-dfn-title><code>title</code></dfn> attribute, then the exact value of that attribute
+ is the term being defined. Otherwise, if it contains exactly one element child node and no child
+ <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes, and that child element is an <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-abbr-title><a href=#attr-abbr-title>title</a></code> attribute, then the exact value of <em>that</em> attribute is
+ the term being defined. Otherwise, it is the exact <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code> element that gives the term being defined.</p>
+
+ <!-- note that this means <dfn>x \n x</dfn> won't match <span>x x</span> -->
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-dfn-title><a href=#attr-dfn-title>title</a></code> attribute of the <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code> element is
+ present, then it must contain only the term being defined.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute of ancestor elements does not
+ affect <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element that links to a <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code> element represents an instance of
+ the term defined by the <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following fragment, the term "Garage Door Opener" is first defined in the first
+ paragraph, then used in the second. In both cases, its abbreviation is what is actually
+ displayed.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The <strong>&lt;dfn&gt;&lt;abbr title="Garage Door Opener"&gt;GDO&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;</strong>
+is a device that allows off-world teams to open the iris.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;!-- ... later in the document: --&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Teal'c activated his <strong>&lt;abbr title="Garage Door Opener"&gt;GDO&lt;/abbr&gt;</strong>
+and so Hammond ordered the iris to be opened.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>With the addition of an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element, the reference can be made explicit:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;dfn <strong>id=gdo</strong>&gt;&lt;abbr title="Garage Door Opener"&gt;GDO&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;
+is a device that allows off-world teams to open the iris.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;!-- ... later in the document: --&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Teal'c activated his <strong>&lt;a href=#gdo&gt;</strong>&lt;abbr title="Garage Door Opener"&gt;GDO&lt;/abbr&gt;<strong>&lt;/a&gt;</strong>
+and so Hammond ordered the iris to be opened.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-abbr-element><span class=secno>4.5.9 </span>The <dfn><code>abbr</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd>Also, the <code title=attr-abbr-title><a href=#attr-abbr-title>title</a></code> attribute <a href=#attr-abbr-title title=attr-abbr-title>has special semantics</a> on this element: Full term or expansion of abbreviation.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> an abbreviation or acronym, optionally
+ with its expansion. The <dfn id=attr-abbr-title title=attr-abbr-title><code>title</code></dfn> attribute may be
+ used to provide an expansion of the abbreviation. The attribute, if specified, must contain an
+ expansion of the abbreviation, and nothing else.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The paragraph below contains an abbreviation marked up with the <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code> element.
+ This paragraph <a href=#defining-term title="defining term">defines the term</a> "Web Hypertext Application
+ Technology Working Group".</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;dfn id=whatwg&gt;&lt;abbr
+title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group"&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/dfn&gt;
+is a loose unofficial collaboration of Web browser manufacturers and
+interested parties who wish to develop new technologies designed to
+allow authors to write and deploy Applications over the World Wide
+Web.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>An alternative way to write this would be:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;dfn id=whatwg&gt;Web Hypertext Application Technology
+Working Group&lt;/dfn&gt; (&lt;abbr
+title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group"&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt;)
+is a loose unofficial collaboration of Web browser manufacturers and
+interested parties who wish to develop new technologies designed to
+allow authors to write and deploy Applications over the World Wide
+Web.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This paragraph has two abbreviations. Notice how only one is defined; the other, with no
+ expansion associated with it, does not use the <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The
+&lt;abbr title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group"&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt;
+started working on HTML5 in 2004.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This paragraph links an abbreviation to its definition.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href="#whatwg"&gt;&lt;abbr
+title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group"&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
+community does not have much representation from Asia.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This paragraph marks up an abbreviation without giving an expansion, possibly as a hook to
+ apply styles for abbreviations (e.g. smallcaps).</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Philip` and Dashiva both denied that they were going to
+get the issue counts from past revisions of the specification to
+backfill the &lt;abbr&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt; issue graph.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>If an abbreviation is pluralized, the expansion's grammatical number (plural vs singular) must
+ match the grammatical number of the contents of the element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here the plural is outside the element, so the expansion is in the singular:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Two &lt;abbr title="Working Group"&gt;WG&lt;/abbr&gt;s worked on
+this specification: the &lt;abbr&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt; and the
+&lt;abbr&gt;HTMLWG&lt;/abbr&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here the plural is inside the element, so the expansion is in the plural:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Two &lt;abbr title="Working Groups"&gt;WGs&lt;/abbr&gt; worked on
+this specification: the &lt;abbr&gt;WHATWG&lt;/abbr&gt; and the
+&lt;abbr&gt;HTMLWG&lt;/abbr&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Abbreviations do not have to be marked up using this element. It is expected to be useful in
+ the following cases:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>Abbreviations for which the author wants to give expansions, where using the
+ <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute is an
+ alternative to including the expansion inline (e.g. in parentheses).</li>
+
+ <li>Abbreviations that are likely to be unfamiliar to the document's readers, for which authors
+ are encouraged to either mark up the abbreviation using an <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute or include the expansion inline in the text the first
+ time the abbreviation is used.</li>
+
+ <li>Abbreviations whose presence needs to be semantically annotated, e.g. so that they can be
+ identified from a style sheet and given specific styles, for which the <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code> element
+ can be used without a <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ </ul><p title=note>Providing an expansion in a <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute once
+ will not necessarily cause other <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code> elements in the same document with the same
+ contents but without a <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute to behave as if they had
+ the same expansion. Every <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code> element is independent.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-ruby-element><span class=secno>4.5.10 </span>The <dfn><code>ruby</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>See prose.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element allows one or more spans of phrasing content to be marked with
+ ruby annotations. Ruby annotations are short runs of text presented alongside base text, primarily
+ used in East Asian typography as a guide for pronunciation or to include other annotations. In
+ Japanese, this form of typography is also known as <i>furigana</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The content model of <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> elements consists of one or more of the following
+ sequences:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li>One or the other of the following:
+ <ul class=brief><li><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>, but with no <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> elements and with no <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element descendants
+ <li>A single <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element that itself has no <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element descendants
+ </ul><li>One or the other of the following:
+ <ul class=brief><li>One or more <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> elements
+ <li>An <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element followed by one or more <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> elements, each of which is itself followed by an <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element
+ </ul></ol><!-- ( ( phrasing-content | <ruby> ) ( <rt>+ | <rp> ( <rt> <rp> )+ ) )+ // with further ruby descendant restrictions --><p>The <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> elements can be used for a variety of kinds of
+ annotations, including in particular (though by no means limited to) those described below. For
+ more details on Japanese Ruby in particular, and how to render Ruby for Japanese, see
+ <cite>Requirements for Japanese Text Layout</cite>. <a href=#refsJLREQ>[JLREQ]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>At the time of writing, CSS does not yet provide a way to fully control the
+ rendering of the HTML <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element. It is hoped that CSS will be extended to support
+ the styles described below in due course.</p>
+
+ <!-- examples in the following list are mostly based on those in http://www.w3.org/International/datespace/2010/02/jlreq-examples/ -->
+
+ <dl><dt>Mono-ruby for individual base characters in Japanese
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>One or more hiragana or katakana characters (the ruby annotation) are placed with each
+ ideographic character (the base text). This is used to provide readings of kanji characters.
+
+ <div class=example> <!-- B as in BASE -->
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;B&lt;rt&gt;annotation&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>In this example, notice how each annotation corresponds to a single base character.
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;&#x541b;&lt;rt&gt;&#x304f;&#x3093;&lt;/ruby&gt;&lt;ruby&gt;&#x5b50;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3057;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x306f;&lt;ruby&gt;&#x548c;&lt;rt&gt;&#x308f;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x3057;&#x3066;&lt;ruby&gt;&#x540c;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3069;&#x3046;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x305c;&#x305a;&#x3002;</pre>
+ <p lang=ja><ruby>&#x541b;<rt>&#x304f;&#x3093;</ruby><ruby>&#x5b50;<rt>&#x3057;</ruby>&#x306f;<ruby>&#x548c;<rt>&#x308f;</ruby>&#x3057;&#x3066;<ruby>&#x540c;<rt>&#x3069;&#x3046;</ruby>&#x305c;&#x305a;&#x3002;
+ <p>This example can also be written as follows, using one <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element with two
+ segments of base text and two annotations (one for each) rather than two back-to-back
+ <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> elements each with one base text segment and annotation (as in the markup
+ above):
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;&#x541b;&lt;rt&gt;&#x304f;&#x3093;&lt;/rt&gt;&#x5b50;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3057;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x306f;&lt;ruby&gt;&#x548c;&lt;rt&gt;&#x308f;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x3057;&#x3066;&lt;ruby&gt;&#x540c;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3069;&#x3046;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x305c;&#x305a;&#x3002;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Mono-ruby for compound words (jukugo)
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This is similar to the previous case: each ideographic character in the compound word (the
+ base text) has its reading given in hiragana or katakana characters (the ruby annotation). The
+ difference is that the base text segments form a compound word rather than being separate from
+ each other.
+
+ <div class=example> <!-- B as in BASE -->
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;B&lt;rt&gt;annotation&lt;/rt&gt;B&lt;rt&gt;annotation&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>In this example, notice again how each annotation corresponds to a single base character. In this example, each compound word (jukugo) corresponds to a single <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element.</p>
+ <p>The rendering here is expected to be that each annotation be placed over (or next to, in vertical text) the corresponding base character, with the annotations not overhanging any of the adjacent characters.</p>
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;&#x9b3c;&lt;rt&gt;&#x304d;&lt;/rt&gt;&#x9580;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3082;&#x3093;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x306e;&lt;ruby&gt;&#x65b9;&lt;rt&gt;&#x307b;&#x3046;&lt;/rt&gt;&#x89d2;&lt;rt&gt;&#x304c;&#x304f;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x3092;&lt;ruby&gt;&#x51dd;&lt;rt&gt;&#x304e;&#x3087;&#x3046;&lt;/rt&gt;&#x8996;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3057;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x3059;&#x308b;</pre>
+ <p lang=ja><ruby>&#x9b3c;<rt>&#x304d;</rt>&#x9580;<rt>&#x3082;&#x3093;</ruby>&#x306e;<ruby>&#x65b9;<rt>&#x307b;&#x3046;</rt>&#x89d2;<rt>&#x304c;&#x304f;</ruby>&#x3092;<ruby>&#x51dd;<rt>&#x304e;&#x3087;&#x3046;</rt>&#x8996;<rt>&#x3057;</ruby>&#x3059;&#x308b;
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Jukugo-ruby
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This is semantically identical to the previous case (each individual ideographic character in
+ the base compound word has its reading given in an annotation in hiragana or katakana
+ characters), but the rendering is the more complicated Jukugo Ruby rendering.
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>This is the same example as above for mono-ruby for compound words. The different rendering is expected to be achieved using different styling (e.g. in CSS), and is not shown here.</p>
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;&#x9b3c;&lt;rt&gt;&#x304d;&lt;/rt&gt;&#x9580;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3082;&#x3093;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x306e;&lt;ruby&gt;&#x65b9;&lt;rt&gt;&#x307b;&#x3046;&lt;/rt&gt;&#x89d2;&lt;rt&gt;&#x304c;&#x304f;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x3092;&lt;ruby&gt;&#x51dd;&lt;rt&gt;&#x304e;&#x3087;&#x3046;&lt;/rt&gt;&#x8996;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3057;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x3059;&#x308b;</pre>
+ <!-- Once CSS is updated to describe this, invoke the CSS and unhide this -->
+ <!--
+ <p lang=ja><ruby>&#39740;<rt>&#12365;</rt>&#38272;<rt>&#12418;&#12435;</rt></ruby>&#12398;<ruby>&#26041;<rt>&#12411;&#12358;</rt>&#35282;<rt>&#12364;&#12367;</rt></ruby>&#12434;<ruby>&#20957;<rt>&#12366;&#12423;&#12358;</rt>&#35222;<rt>&#12375;</rt></ruby>&#12377;&#12427;
+ -->
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>For more details on <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/jlreq/#positioning_of_jukugoruby>Jukugo Ruby rendering</a>, see
+ Appendix F in the <cite>Requirements for Japanese Text Layout</cite>. <a href=#refsJLREQ>[JLREQ]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Group ruby for describing meanings
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The annotation describes the meaning of the base text, rather than (or in addition to) the
+ pronunciation. As such, both the base text and the annotation can be multiple characters long.
+
+ <div class=example> <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;BASE&lt;rt&gt;annotation&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre> </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>Here a compound ideographic word has its corresponding katakana given as an annotation.
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;&#x5883;&#x754c;&#x9762;&lt;rt&gt;&#x30a4;&#x30f3;&#x30bf;&#x30fc;&#x30d5;&#x30a7;&#x30fc;&#x30b9;&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>
+ <p lang=ja><ruby>&#x5883;&#x754c;&#x9762;<rt>&#x30a4;&#x30f3;&#x30bf;&#x30fc;&#x30d5;&#x30a7;&#x30fc;&#x30b9;</ruby></div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>Here a compound ideographic word has its translation in English provided as an annotation.
+ <pre>&lt;ruby lang="ja"&gt;&#x7de8;&#x96c6;&#x8005;&lt;rt lang="en"&gt;editor&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>
+ <p><ruby lang=ja>&#x7de8;&#x96c6;&#x8005;<rt lang=en>editor</ruby></div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Group ruby for Jukuji readings
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A phonetic reading that corresponds to multiple base characters, because a one-to-one mapping
+ would be difficult. (In English, the words "Colonel" and "Lieutenant" are examples of words
+ where a direct mapping of pronunciation to individual letters is, in some dialects, rather
+ unclear.)
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>In this example, the name of a species of flowers has a phonetic reading provided using group ruby:
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;&#x7d2b;&#x967d;&#x82b1;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3042;&#x3058;&#x3055;&#x3044;&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>
+ <p lang=ja><ruby>&#x7d2b;&#x967d;&#x82b1;<rt>&#x3042;&#x3058;&#x3055;&#x3044;</ruby></div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Text with both phonetic and semantic annotations (double-sided ruby)
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sometimes, ruby styles described above are combined.
+
+ <p>If this results in two annotations covering the same single base segment, then the
+ annotations can just be placed back to back.
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;BASE&lt;rt&gt;annotation 1&lt;rt&gt;annotation 2&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;B&lt;rt&gt;a&lt;rt&gt;a&lt;/ruby&gt;&lt;ruby&gt;A&lt;rt&gt;a&lt;rt&gt;a&lt;/ruby&gt;&lt;ruby&gt;S&lt;rt&gt;a&lt;rt&gt;a&lt;/ruby&gt;&lt;ruby&gt;E&lt;rt&gt;a&lt;rt&gt;a&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this contrived example, some symbols are given names in English and French.
+
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;
+ &hearts; &lt;rt&gt; Heart &lt;rt lang=fr&gt; C&oelig;ur
+ &#x2618; &lt;rt&gt; Shamrock &lt;rt lang=fr&gt; Tr&egrave;fle
+ &sext; &lt;rt&gt; Star &lt;rt lang=fr&gt; &Eacute;toile
+&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>In more complication situations such as following examples, a nested <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code>
+ element is used to give the inner annotations, and then that whole <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> is then
+ given an annotation at the "outer" level.
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;&lt;ruby&gt;B&lt;rt&gt;a&lt;/rt&gt;A&lt;rt&gt;n&lt;/rt&gt;S&lt;rt&gt;t&lt;/rt&gt;E&lt;rt&gt;n&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;&lt;rt&gt;annotation&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>Here both a phonetic reading and the meaning are given in ruby annotations. The annotation on the nested <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element gives a mono-ruby phonetic annotation for each base character, while the annotation in the <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element that is a child of the outer <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element gives the meaning using hiragana.
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;&lt;ruby&gt;&#x6771;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3068;&#x3046;&lt;/rt&gt;&#x5357;&lt;rt&gt;&#x306a;&#x3093;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;&lt;rt&gt;&#x305f;&#x3064;&#x307f;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x306e;&#x65b9;&#x89d2;</pre>
+ <p lang=ja><ruby><ruby>&#x6771;<rt>&#x3068;&#x3046;</rt>&#x5357;<rt>&#x306a;&#x3093;</ruby><rt>&#x305f;&#x3064;&#x307f;</ruby>&#x306e;&#x65b9;&#x89d2;
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>This is the same example, but the meaning is given in English instead of Japanese:
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;&lt;ruby&gt;&#x6771;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3068;&#x3046;&lt;/rt&gt;&#x5357;&lt;rt&gt;&#x306a;&#x3093;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;&lt;rt lang=en&gt;Southeast&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;&#x306e;&#x65b9;&#x89d2;</pre>
+ <p lang=ja><ruby><ruby>&#x6771;<rt>&#x3068;&#x3046;</rt>&#x5357;<rt>&#x306a;&#x3093;</ruby><rt lang=en>Southeast</ruby>&#x306e;&#x65b9;&#x89d2;
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><hr><p>Within a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element that does not have a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element ancestor,
+ content is segmented and segments are placed into three categories: base text segments, annotation
+ segments, and ignored segments. Ignored segments do not form part of the document's semantics
+ (they consist of some <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a> and <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> elements, the
+ latter of which are used for legacy user agents that do not support ruby at all). Base text
+ segments can overlap (with a limit of two segments overlapping any one position in the DOM, and
+ with any segment having an earlier start point than an overlapping segment also having an equal or
+ later end point, and any segment have a later end point than an overlapping segment also having an
+ equal or earlier start point<!-- if anyone can find a better way of phrasing this parenthetical,
+ do let me know! -->). Annotation segments correspond to <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> elements. Each annotation
+ segment can be associated with a base text segment, and each base text segment can have annotation
+ segments associated with it. (In a conforming document, each base text segment is associated with
+ at least one annotation segment, and each annotation segment is associated with one base text
+ segment.) A <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the union of the segments of base
+ text it contains, along with the mapping from those base text segments to annotation segments.
+ Segments are described in terms of DOM ranges; annotation segment ranges always consist of exactly
+ one element. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+
+ <p>At any particular time, the segmentation and categorisation of content of a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code>
+ element is the result that would be obtained from running the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">base text segments</var> be an empty list of base text segments, each
+ potentially with a list of base text subsegments.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">annotation segments</var> be an empty list of annotation segments, each
+ potentially being associated with a base text segment or subsegment.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">root</var> be the <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element for which the algorithm is
+ being run.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">root</var> has a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element ancestor, then jump to the
+ step labeled <i>end</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current parent</var> be <var title="">root</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">index</var> be 0.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">start index</var> be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">parent start index</var> be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current base text</var> be null.</li>
+
+
+ <!-- This is spaghetti code. If someone can work out a way to phrase this that is as unambiguous
+ but maps more cleanly to structured code, please let me know. -->
+
+
+ <li><p><i>Start mode</i>: If <var title="">index</var> is equal to or greater than the number of
+ child nodes in <var title="">current parent</var>, then jump to the step labeled <i>end
+ mode</i>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">index</var>th node in <var title="">current parent</var> is an
+ <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element, jump to the step labeled <i>annotation
+ mode</i>.</li>
+
+ <!-- if we get here then the first node in a ruby element or after an <rt> or <rp> is something
+ we want in a base text -->
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">start index</var> to the value of <var title="">index</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Base mode</i>: If the <var title="">index</var>th node in <var title="">current
+ parent</var> is a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element, and if <var title="">current parent</var> is the
+ same element as <var title="">root</var>, then <a href=#push-a-ruby-level>push a ruby level</a> and then jump to
+ the step labeled <i>start mode</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">index</var>th node in <var title="">current parent</var> is an
+ <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element, then <a href=#set-the-current-base-text>set the current base text</a> and then
+ jump to the step labeled <i>annotation mode</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">index</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Base mode post-increment</i>: If <var title="">index</var> is equal to or greater than
+ the number of child nodes in <var title="">current parent</var>, then jump to the step labeled
+ <i>end mode</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Jump back to the step labeled <i>base mode</i>.</li>
+
+
+ <li><p><i>Annotation mode</i>: If the <var title="">index</var>th node in <var title="">current
+ parent</var> is an <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element, then <a href=#push-a-ruby-annotation>push a ruby annotation</a> and jump to
+ the step labeled <i>annotation mode increment</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">index</var>th node in <var title="">current parent</var> is an
+ <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element, jump to the step labeled <i>annotation mode increment</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">index</var>th node in <var title="">current parent</var> is not a
+ <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node, or is a <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node that is not <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element
+ whitespace</a>, then jump to the step labeled <i>base mode</i>.</li>
+
+ <!-- index points at whitespace -->
+
+ <li><p><i>Annotation mode increment</i>: Let <var title="">lookahead index</var> be <var title="">index</var> plus one.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Annotation mode white-space skipper</i>: If <var title="">lookahead index</var> is
+ equal to the number of child nodes in <var title="">current parent</var> then jump to the step
+ labeled <i>end mode</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">lookahead index</var>th node in <var title="">current parent</var> is
+ an <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element or an <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element, then set <var title="">index</var> to
+ <var title="">lookahead index</var> and jump to the step labeled <i>annotation mode</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">lookahead index</var>th node in <var title="">current parent</var> is
+ not a <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node, or is a <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node that is not <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element
+ whitespace</a>, then jump to the step labeled <i>base mode</i> (without further incrementing
+ <var title="">index</var>, so the <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a> seen so far becomes part
+ of the next base text segment).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">lookahead index</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Jump to the step labeled <i>annotation mode white-space skipper</i>.</li>
+
+
+ <li><p><i>End mode</i>: If <var title="">current parent</var> is not the same element as <var title="">root</var>, then <a href=#pop-a-ruby-level>pop a ruby level</a> and jump to the step labeled <i>base mode
+ post-increment</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>End</i>: Return <var title="">base text segments</var> and <var title="">annotation
+ segments</var>. Any content of the <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element not described by segments in either
+ of those lists is implicitly in an <i>ignored segment</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the steps above say to <dfn id=set-the-current-base-text>set the current base text</dfn>, it means to run the following
+ steps at that point in the algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">text range</var> be a DOM range whose <a href=#concept-range-start title=concept-range-start>start</a> is the <a href=#concept-range-bp title=concept-range-bp>boundary
+ point</a> (<var title="">current parent</var>, <var title="">start index</var>) and whose
+ <a href=#concept-range-end title=concept-range-end>end</a> is the <a href=#concept-range-bp title=concept-range-bp>boundary
+ point</a> (<var title="">current parent</var>, <var title="">index</var>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new text segment</var> be a base text segment described by the range
+ <var title="">annotation range</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">new text segment</var> to <var title="">base text
+ segments</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current base text</var> be <var title="">new text
+ segment</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">start index</var> be null.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the steps above say to <dfn id=push-a-ruby-level>push a ruby level</dfn>, it means to run the following steps
+ at that point in the algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">current parent</var> be the <var title="">index</var>th node in <var title="">current parent</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">index</var> be 0.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">saved start index</var> to the value of <var title="">start
+ index</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">start index</var> be null.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the steps above say to <dfn id=pop-a-ruby-level>pop a ruby level</dfn>, it means to run the following steps at
+ that point in the algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">index</var> be the position of <var title="">current parent</var> in
+ <var title="">root</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current parent</var> be <var title="">root</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">index</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">start index</var> to the value of <var title="">saved start
+ index</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">saved start index</var> be null.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the steps above say to <dfn id=push-a-ruby-annotation>push a ruby annotation</dfn>, it means to run the following
+ steps at that point in the algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">rt</var> be the <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element that is the <var title="">index</var>th node of <var title="">current parent</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">annotation range</var> be a DOM range whose <a href=#concept-range-start title=concept-range-start>start</a> is the <a href=#concept-range-bp title=concept-range-bp>boundary
+ point</a> (<var title="">current parent</var>, <var title="">index</var>) and whose <a href=#concept-range-end title=concept-range-end>end</a> is the <a href=#concept-range-bp title=concept-range-bp>boundary point</a>
+ (<var title="">current parent</var>, <var title="">index</var> plus one) (i.e. that contains only
+ <var title="">rt</var>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new annotation segment</var> be an annotation segment described by the
+ range <var title="">annotation range</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">current base text</var> is not null, associate <var title="">new
+ annotation segment</var> with <var title="">current base text</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">new annotation segment</var> to <var title="">annotation
+ segments</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><div class=example>
+
+ <!-- this is the hiragana for the word "kanji" ("chinese character") in japanese -->
+ <!-- in japanese, ruby-like typography is called "furigana" -->
+
+ <p>In this example, each ideograph in the Japanese text <span lang=ja title="">&#x6f22;&#x5b57;</span> is annotated with its reading in hiragana.</p>
+
+ <pre lang=ja>...
+&lt;ruby&gt;&#x6f22;&lt;rt&gt;&#x304b;&#x3093;&lt;/rt&gt;&#x5b57;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3058;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;
+...</pre>
+
+ <p>This might be rendered as:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-ruby-ja.png width=171 alt="The two main ideographs, each with its annotation in hiragana rendered in a smaller font above it." height=78></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <!-- this is the zhuyin fuhao (aka bopomofo) for the word "hanzi" ("chinese character") in traditional chinese, as used in taiwan -->
+
+ <p>In this example, each ideograph in the traditional Chinese text <span lang=zh-TW title="">&#x6f22;&#x5b57;</span> is annotated with its bopomofo reading.</p>
+
+ <pre lang=zh-TW>&lt;ruby&gt;&#x6f22;&lt;rt&gt;&#x310f;&#x3122;&#x2cb;&lt;/rt&gt;&#x5b57;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3117;&#x2cb;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This might be rendered as:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-ruby-bopomofo.png width=78 alt="The two main ideographs, each with its bopomofo annotation rendered in a smaller font next to it." height=100></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <!-- this is the pinyin for the word "hanzi" ("chinese character") in simplified chinese, as used in mainland china -->
+
+ <p>In this example, each ideograph in the simplified Chinese text <span lang=zh-CN title="">&#x6c49;&#x5b57;</span> is annotated with its pinyin reading.</p>
+
+ <pre lang=zh-CN>...&lt;ruby&gt;&#x6c49;&lt;rt&gt;h&agrave;n&lt;/rt&gt;&#x5b57;&lt;rt&gt;z&igrave;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;...</pre>
+
+ <p>This might be rendered as:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-ruby-pinyin.png width=173 alt="The two main ideographs, each with its pinyin annotation rendered in a smaller font above it." height=79></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- Note: Examples are 32px/16px Stone Sans Sem ITC TT -->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this more contrived example, the acronym "HTML" has four annotations: one for the whole
+ acronym, briefly describing what it is, one for the letters "HT" expanding them to "Hypertext",
+ one for the letter "M" expanding it to "Markup", and one for the letter "L" expanding it to
+ "Language".</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;
+ &lt;ruby&gt;HT&lt;rt&gt;Hypertext&lt;/rt&gt;M&lt;rt&gt;Markup&lt;/rt&gt;L&lt;rt&gt;Language&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;
+ &lt;rt&gt;An abstract language for describing documents and applications
+&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-rt-element><span class=secno>4.5.11 </span>The <dfn><code>rt</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>An <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element is immediately followed by an <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element,
+ or if there is no more content in the parent element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element marks the ruby text component of a ruby annotation. When it is the
+ child of a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element, it doesn't <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a>
+ anything itself, but the <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element uses it as part of determining what <em>it</em>
+ <a href=#represents>represents</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element that is not a child of a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element
+ <a href=#represents>represents</a> the same thing as its children.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-rp-element><span class=secno>4.5.12 </span>The <dfn><code>rp</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element, either immediately before or immediately after an <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>An <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element is immediately followed by an <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element,
+ or if there is no more content in the parent element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element can be used to provide parentheses or other content around a ruby
+ text component of a ruby annotation, to be shown by user agents that don't support ruby
+ annotations.</p>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element <span class=impl>that is a child of a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code>
+ element</span> <a href=#represents>represents</a> nothing. <span class=impl>An <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element
+ whose parent element is not a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> its
+ children.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The example above, in which each ideograph in the text <span lang=ja title="">&#x6f22;&#x5b57;</span> is annotated with its phonetic reading, could be expanded to
+ use <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> so that in legacy user agents the readings are in parentheses:</p>
+
+ <pre lang=ja>...
+&lt;ruby&gt;&#x6f22;&lt;rp&gt; (&lt;/rp&gt;&lt;rt&gt;&#x304b;&#x3093;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;rp&gt;) &lt;/rp&gt;&#x5b57;&lt;rp&gt; (&lt;/rp&gt;&lt;rt&gt;&#x3058;&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;rp&gt;) &lt;/rp&gt;&lt;/ruby&gt;
+...</pre>
+
+ <p>In conforming user agents the rendering would be as above, but in user agents that do not
+ support ruby, the rendering would be:</p>
+
+ <pre lang=ja>... &#x6f22; (&#x304b;&#x3093;) &#x5b57; (&#x3058;) ...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>When there are multiple annotations for a segment, <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> elements can also be placed
+ between the annotations. Here is another copy of an earlier contrived example showing some
+ symbols with names given in English and French, but this time with <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> elements as
+ well:
+
+ <pre>&lt;ruby&gt;
+&hearts;&lt;rp&gt;: &lt;/rp&gt;&lt;rt&gt;Heart&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;rp&gt;, &lt;/rp&gt;&lt;rt lang=fr&gt;C&oelig;ur&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;rp&gt;.&lt;/rp&gt;
+&#x2618;&lt;rp&gt;: &lt;/rp&gt;&lt;rt&gt;Shamrock&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;rp&gt;, &lt;/rp&gt;&lt;rt lang=fr&gt;Tr&egrave;fle&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;rp&gt;.&lt;/rp&gt;
+&sext;&lt;rp&gt;: &lt;/rp&gt;&lt;rt&gt;Star&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;rp&gt;, &lt;/rp&gt;&lt;rt lang=fr&gt;&Eacute;toile&lt;/rt&gt;&lt;rp&gt;.&lt;/rp&gt;
+&lt;/ruby&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This would make the example render as follows in non-ruby-capable user agents:
+
+ <pre>&hearts;: Heart, <span lang=fr>C&oelig;ur</span>. &#x2618;: Shamrock, <span lang=fr>Tr&egrave;fle</span>. &sext;: Star, <span lang=fr>&Eacute;toile</span>.</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-data-element><span class=secno>4.5.13 </span>The <dfn><code>data</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-data-value><a href=#attr-data-value>value</a></code> &mdash; Machine-readable value</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmldataelement>HTMLDataElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-data-value title=dom-data-value>value</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> its contents, along with a
+ machine-readable form of those contents in the <code title=attr-data-value><a href=#attr-data-value>value</a></code>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-data-value title=attr-data-value><code>value</code></dfn> attribute must be present. Its value
+ must be a representation of the element's contents in a machine-readable format.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>When the value is date- or time-related, the more specific <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code>
+ element can be used instead.</p>
+
+ <p>The element can be used for several purposes.</p>
+
+ <p>When combined with microformats or the <a href=#microdata>microdata attributes</a> defined in
+ this specification, the element serves to provide both a machine-readable value for the purposes
+ of data processors, and a human-readable value for the purposes of rendering in a Web browser. In
+ this case, the format to be used in the <code title=attr-data-value><a href=#attr-data-value>value</a></code> attribute is
+ determined by the microformats or microdata vocabulary in use.</p>
+
+ <p>The element can also, however, be used in conjunction with scripts in the page, for when a
+ script has a literal value to store alongside a human-readable value. In such cases, the format to
+ be used depends only on the needs of the script. (The <code title=attr-data-*><a href=#attr-data-*>data-*</a></code>
+ attributes can also be useful in such situations.)</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-data-value title=dom-data-value><code>value</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, a short table has its numeric values encoded using <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code> so that the
+ <a href=#table-sorting-model>table sorting model</a> can provide a sorting mechanism on each column, despite the
+ numbers being presented in textual form in one column and in a decomposed form in another.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table sortable&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt; Game &lt;th&gt; Corporations &lt;th&gt; Map Size
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 1830 &lt;td&gt; &lt;data value="8"&gt;Eight&lt;/data&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;data value="93"&gt;19+74 hexes (93 total)&lt;/data&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 1856 &lt;td&gt; &lt;data value="11"&gt;Eleven&lt;/data&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;data value="99"&gt;12+87 hexes (99 total)&lt;/data&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 1870 &lt;td&gt; &lt;data value="10"&gt;Ten&lt;/data&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;data value="149"&gt;4+145 hexes (149 total)&lt;/data&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-time-element><span class=secno>4.5.14 </span>The <dfn><code>time</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-time-datetime><a href=#attr-time-datetime>datetime</a></code> &mdash; Machine-readable value</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltimeelement>HTMLTimeElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-time-datetime title=dom-time-dateTime>dateTime</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> its contents, along with a
+ machine-readable form of those contents in the <code title=attr-time-datetime><a href=#attr-time-datetime>datetime</a></code>
+ attribute. The kind of content is limited to various kinds of dates, times, time-zone offsets, and
+ durations, as described below.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-time-datetime title=attr-time-datetime><code>datetime</code></dfn> attribute may be present. If
+ present, its value must be a representation of the element's contents in a machine-readable
+ format.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element that does not have a <code title=attr-time-datetime><a href=#attr-time-datetime>datetime</a></code> content attribute must not have any element
+ descendants.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=datetime-value>datetime value</dfn> of a <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element is the value of the element's
+ <code title=attr-time-datetime><a href=#attr-time-datetime>datetime</a></code> content attribute, if it has one, or the
+ element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code>, if it does not.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a> of a <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element must match one of the following
+ syntaxes.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>A <a href=#valid-month-string>valid month string</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>A <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>A <a href=#valid-yearless-date-string>valid yearless date string</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;11-12&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>A <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;14:54&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;14:54:39&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;14:54:39.929&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>A <a href=#valid-local-date-and-time-string>valid local date and time string</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T14:54&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T14:54:39&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T14:54:39.929&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 14:54&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 14:54:39&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 14:54:39.929&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p class=note>Times with dates but without a time zone offset are useful for specifying events
+ that are observed at the same specific time in each time zone, throughout a day. For example,
+ the 2020 new year is celebrated at 2020-01-01 00:00 in each time zone, not at the same precise
+ moment across all time zones. For events that occur at the same time across all time zones, for
+ example a videoconference meeting, a <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a> is likely
+ more useful.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>A <a href=#valid-time-zone-offset-string>valid time-zone offset string</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;Z&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;+0000&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;+00:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;-0800&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;-08:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p class=note>For times without dates (or times referring to events that recur on multiple
+ dates), specifying the geographic location that controls the time is usually more useful than
+ specifying a time zone offset, because geographic locations change time zone offsets with
+ daylight savings time. In some cases, geographic locations even change time zone, e.g. when the
+ boundaries of those time zones are redrawn, as happened with Samoa at the end of 2011. There
+ exists a time zone database that describes the boundaries of time zones and what rules apply
+ within each such zone, known as the <i>time zone database</i>. <a href=#refsTZDATABASE>[TZDATABASE]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>A <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T14:54Z&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T14:54:39Z&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T14:54:39.929Z&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T14:54+0000&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T14:54:39+0000&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T14:54:39.929+0000&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T14:54+00:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T14:54:39+00:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T14:54:39.929+00:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T06:54-0800&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T06:54:39-0800&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T06:54:39.929-0800&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T06:54-08:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T06:54:39-08:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12T06:54:39.929-08:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 14:54Z&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 14:54:39Z&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 14:54:39.929Z&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 14:54+0000&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 14:54:39+0000&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 14:54:39.929+0000&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 14:54+00:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 14:54:39+00:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 14:54:39.929+00:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 06:54-0800&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 06:54:39-0800&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 06:54:39.929-0800&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 06:54-08:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 06:54:39-08:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-11-12 06:54:39.929-08:00&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p class=note>Times with dates and a time zone offset are useful for specifying specific
+ events, or recurring virtual events where the time is not anchored to a specific geographic
+ location. For example, the precise time of an asteroid impact, or a particular meeting in a
+ series of meetings held at 1400 UTC every day, regardless of whether any particular part of the
+ world is observing daylight savings time or not. For events where the precise time varies by the
+ local time zone offset of a specific geographic location, a <a href=#valid-local-date-and-time-string>valid local date and time
+ string</a> combined with that geographic location is likely more useful.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>A <a href=#valid-week-string>valid week string</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011-W46&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Four or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, at least one of which is not U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;2011&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;0001&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>A <a href=#valid-duration-string>valid duration string</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;PT4H18M3S&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre class=example>&lt;time&gt;4h 18m 3s&lt;/time&gt;</pre>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id="machine-readable-equivalent-of-the-element's-contents">machine-readable equivalent of the element's contents</dfn> must be obtained from the
+ element's <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a> by using the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <a href=#parse-a-month-string title="parse a month string">parsing a month string</a> from the element's
+ <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a> returns a <a href=#concept-month title=concept-month>month</a>, that is the
+ machine-readable equivalent; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#parse-a-date-string title="parse a date string">parsing a date string</a> from the element's
+ <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a> returns a <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a>, that is the
+ machine-readable equivalent; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#parse-a-yearless-date-string title="parse a yearless date string">parsing a yearless date string</a> from
+ the element's <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a> returns a <a href=#concept-yearless-date title=concept-yearless-date>yearless
+ date</a>, that is the machine-readable equivalent; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#parse-a-time-string title="parse a time string">parsing a time string</a> from the element's
+ <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a> returns a <a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a>, that is the
+ machine-readable equivalent; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#parse-a-local-date-and-time-string title="parse a local date and time string">parsing a local date and time
+ string</a> from the element's <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a> returns a <a href=#concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>local date and time</a>, that is the machine-readable
+ equivalent; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#parse-a-time-zone-offset-string title="parse a time-zone offset string">parsing a time-zone offset string</a>
+ from the element's <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a> returns a <a href=#concept-timezone title=concept-timezone>time-zone
+ offset</a>, that is the machine-readable equivalent; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#parse-a-global-date-and-time-string title="parse a global date and time string">parsing a global date and time
+ string</a> from the element's <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a> returns a <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a>, that is the machine-readable equivalent;
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#parse-a-week-string title="parse a week string">parsing a week string</a> from the element's
+ <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a> returns a <a href=#concept-week title=concept-week>week</a>, that is the
+ machine-readable equivalent; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element's <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a> consists of only <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>,
+ at least one of which is not U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0), then the machine-readable equivalent is the
+ base-ten interpretation of those digits, representing a year; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#parse-a-duration-string title="parse a duration string">parsing a duration string</a> from the
+ element's <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a> returns a <a href=#concept-duration title=concept-duration>duration</a>,
+ that is the machine-readable equivalent; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>There is no machine-readable equivalent.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>The algorithms referenced above are intended to be designed such that for any
+ arbitrary string <var title="">s</var>, only one of the algorithms returns a value. A more
+ efficient approach might be to create a single algorithm that parses all these data types in one
+ pass; developing such an algorithm is left as an exercise to the reader.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-time-datetime title=dom-time-dateTime><code>dateTime</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-time-datetime><a href=#attr-time-datetime>datetime</a></code> content
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element can be used to encode dates, for example in microformats. The
+ following shows a hypothetical way of encoding an event using a variant on hCalendar that uses
+ the <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div class="vevent"&gt;
+ &lt;a class="url" href="http://www.web2con.com/"&gt;http://www.web2con.com/&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;span class="summary"&gt;Web 2.0 Conference&lt;/span&gt;:
+ &lt;time class="dtstart" datetime="2005-10-05"&gt;October 5&lt;/time&gt; -
+ &lt;time class="dtend" datetime="2005-10-07"&gt;7&lt;/time&gt;,
+ at the &lt;span class="location"&gt;Argent Hotel, San Francisco, CA&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, a fictional microdata vocabulary based on the Atom vocabulary is used with the
+ <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element to mark up a blog post's publication date.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article itemscope itemtype="http://n.example.org/rfc4287"&gt;
+ &lt;h1 itemprop="title"&gt;Big tasks&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;Published &lt;time itemprop="published" datetime="2009-08-29"&gt;two days ago&lt;/time&gt;.&lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="content"&gt;Today, I went out and bought a bike for my kid.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, another article's publication date is marked up using <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code>, this
+ time using the schema.org microdata vocabulary:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting"&gt;
+ &lt;h1 itemprop="headline"&gt;Small tasks&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;Published &lt;time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2009-08-30"&gt;yesterday&lt;/time&gt;.&lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="articleBody"&gt;I put a bike bell on his bike.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following snippet, the <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element is used to encode a date in the
+ ISO8601 format, for later processing by a script:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Our first date was &lt;time datetime="2006-09-23"&gt;a Saturday&lt;/time&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In this second snippet, the value includes a time:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;We stopped talking at &lt;time datetime="2006-09-24T05:00-07:00"&gt;5am the next morning&lt;/time&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>A script loaded by the page (and thus privy to the page's internal convention of marking up
+ dates and times using the <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element) could scan through the page and look at all
+ the <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> elements therein to create an index of dates and times.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, this element conveys the string "Tuesday" with the additional semantic that the
+ 12th of November 2011 is the meaning that corresponds to "Tuesday":</p>
+
+ <pre>Today is &lt;time datetime="2011-11-12"&gt;Tuesday&lt;/time&gt;.</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a specific time in the Pacific Standard Time timezone is specified:</p>
+
+ <pre>Your next meeting is at &lt;time datetime="2011-11-12T15:00-08:00"&gt;3pm&lt;/time&gt;.</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-code-element><span class=secno>4.5.15 </span>The <dfn><code>code</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a fragment of computer code. This could
+ be an XML element name, a file name, a computer program, or any other string that a computer would
+ recognize.</p>
+
+ <p>There is no formal way to indicate the language of computer code being marked up. Authors who
+ wish to mark <code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code> elements with the language used, e.g. so that syntax highlighting
+ scripts can use the right rules, can use the <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code> attribute, e.g.
+ by adding a class prefixed with "<code title="">language-</code>" to the element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows how the element can be used in a paragraph to mark up element
+ names and computer code, including punctuation.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code&gt;code&lt;/code&gt; element represents a fragment of computer
+code.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;When you call the &lt;code&gt;activate()&lt;/code&gt; method on the
+&lt;code&gt;robotSnowman&lt;/code&gt; object, the eyes glow.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;The example below uses the &lt;code&gt;begin&lt;/code&gt; keyword to indicate
+the start of a statement block. It is paired with an &lt;code&gt;end&lt;/code&gt;
+keyword, which is followed by the &lt;code&gt;.&lt;/code&gt; punctuation character
+(full stop) to indicate the end of the program.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows how a block of code could be marked up using the <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code>
+ and <code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code class="language-pascal"&gt;var i: Integer;
+begin
+ i := 1;
+end.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>A class is used in that example to indicate the language used.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>See the <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> element for more details.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-var-element><span class=secno>4.5.16 </span>The <dfn><code>var</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a variable. This could be an actual
+ variable in a mathematical expression or programming context, an identifier representing a
+ constant, a symbol identifying a physical quantity, a function parameter, or just be a term used
+ as a placeholder in prose.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>In the paragraph below, the letter "n" is being used as a
+ variable in prose:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;If there are &lt;var&gt;n&lt;/var&gt; pipes leading to the ice
+cream factory then I expect at &lt;em&gt;least&lt;/em&gt; &lt;var&gt;n&lt;/var&gt;
+flavors of ice cream to be available for purchase!&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>For mathematics, in particular for anything beyond the simplest of expressions, MathML is more
+ appropriate. However, the <code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code> element can still be used to refer to specific
+ variables that are then mentioned in MathML expressions.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, an equation is shown, with a legend that references the variables in the
+ equation. The expression itself is marked up with MathML, but the variables are mentioned in the
+ figure's legend using <code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;math&gt;
+ &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;
+ &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;
+ &lt;msqrt&gt;
+ &lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;b&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;
+ &lt;mi&gt;+&lt;/mi&gt;
+ &lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;
+ &lt;/msqrt&gt;
+ &lt;/math&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;
+ Using Pythagoras' theorem to solve for the hypotenuse &lt;var&gt;a&lt;/var&gt; of
+ a triangle with sides &lt;var&gt;b&lt;/var&gt; and &lt;var&gt;c&lt;/var&gt;
+ &lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, the equation describing mass-energy equivalence is used in a sentence, and the
+ <code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code> element is used to mark the variables and constants in that equation:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Then he turned to the blackboard and picked up the chalk. After a few moment's
+thought, he wrote &lt;var&gt;E&lt;/var&gt; = &lt;var&gt;m&lt;/var&gt; &lt;var&gt;c&lt;/var&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. The teacher
+looked pleased.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-samp-element><span class=secno>4.5.17 </span>The <dfn><code>samp</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> sample or quoted output from another
+ program or computing system.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>See the <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> elements for more details.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This element can be contrasted with the <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code> element, which can be
+ used to provide immediate output in a Web application.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>This example shows the <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code> element being used
+ inline:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The computer said &lt;samp&gt;Too much cheese in tray
+two&lt;/samp&gt; but I didn't know what that meant.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This second example shows a block of sample output. Nested <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> elements allow for the styling of specific elements of the sample output using a
+ style sheet. There's also a few parts of the <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code> that are annotated with even more
+ detailed markup, to enable very precise styling. To achieve this, <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code> elements are
+ used.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;samp&gt;&lt;span class="prompt"&gt;jdoe@mowmow:~$&lt;/span&gt; &lt;kbd&gt;ssh demo.example.com&lt;/kbd&gt;
+Last login: Tue Apr 12 09:10:17 2005 from mowmow.example.com on pts/1
+Linux demo 2.6.10-grsec+gg3+e+fhs6b+nfs+gr0501+++p3+c4a+gr2b-reslog-v6.189 #1 SMP Tue Feb 1 11:22:36 PST 2005 i686 unknown
+
+&lt;span class="prompt"&gt;jdoe@demo:~$&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class="cursor"&gt;_&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/samp&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-kbd-element><span class=secno>4.5.18 </span>The <dfn><code>kbd</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> user input (typically keyboard input,
+ although it may also be used to represent other input, such as voice commands).</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> element is nested inside a <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code> element, it represents
+ the input as it was echoed by the system.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> element <em>contains</em> a <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code> element, it represents
+ input based on system output, for example invoking a menu item.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> element is nested inside another <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> element, it
+ represents an actual key or other single unit of input as appropriate for the input mechanism.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here the <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> element is used to indicate keys to press:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;To make George eat an apple, press &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;Shift&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;F3&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In this second example, the user is told to pick a particular menu item. The outer
+ <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> element marks up a block of input, with the inner <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> elements
+ representing each individual step of the input, and the <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code> elements inside them
+ indicating that the steps are input based on something being displayed by the system, in this
+ case menu labels:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;To make George eat an apple, select
+ &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;&lt;samp&gt;File&lt;/samp&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;|&lt;kbd&gt;&lt;samp&gt;Eat Apple...&lt;/samp&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;
+&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Such precision isn't necessary; the following is equally fine:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;To make George eat an apple, select &lt;kbd&gt;File | Eat Apple...&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-sub-and-sup-elements><span class=secno>4.5.19 </span>The <dfn id=the-sub-element><code>sub</code></dfn> and <dfn id=the-sup-element><code>sup</code></dfn> elements</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Use <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sup</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a superscript and the <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code>
+ element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a subscript.</p>
+
+ <p>These elements must be used only to mark up typographical conventions with specific meanings,
+ not for typographical presentation for presentation's sake. For example, it would be inappropriate
+ for the <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sup</a></code> elements to be used in the name of the LaTeX
+ document preparation system. In general, authors should use these elements only if the
+ <em>absence</em> of those elements would change the meaning of the content.</p>
+
+ <p>In certain languages, superscripts are part of the typographical conventions for some
+ abbreviations.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The most beautiful women are
+&lt;span lang="fr"&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;M&lt;sup&gt;lle&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt; Gwendoline&lt;/span&gt; and
+&lt;span lang="fr"&gt;&lt;abbr&gt;M&lt;sup&gt;me&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt; Denise&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code> element can be used inside a <code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code> element, for variables that
+ have subscripts.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, the <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code> element is used to represent the subscript that identifies the
+ variable in a family of variables:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The coordinate of the &lt;var&gt;i&lt;/var&gt;th point is
+(&lt;var&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;&lt;var&gt;i&lt;/var&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/var&gt;, &lt;var&gt;y&lt;sub&gt;&lt;var&gt;i&lt;/var&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/var&gt;).
+For example, the 10th point has coordinate
+(&lt;var&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/var&gt;, &lt;var&gt;y&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/var&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Mathematical expressions often use subscripts and superscripts. Authors are encouraged to use
+ MathML for marking up mathematics, but authors may opt to use <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sup</a></code> if detailed mathematical markup is not desired. <a href=#refsMATHML>[MATHML]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <pre>&lt;var&gt;E&lt;/var&gt;=&lt;var&gt;m&lt;/var&gt;&lt;var&gt;c&lt;/var&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</pre>
+ <pre>f(&lt;var&gt;x&lt;/var&gt;, &lt;var&gt;n&lt;/var&gt;) = log&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;var&gt;x&lt;/var&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;var&gt;n&lt;/var&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-i-element><span class=secno>4.5.20 </span>The <dfn><code>i</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a span of text in an alternate voice or
+ mood, or otherwise offset from the normal prose in a manner indicating a different quality of
+ text, such as a taxonomic designation, a technical term, an idiomatic phrase from another
+ language, transliteration, a thought, or a ship name in Western texts.</p>
+
+ <p>Terms in languages different from the main text should be annotated with <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> attributes (or, in XML, <a href=#attr-xml-lang title=attr-xml-lang><code title="">lang</code> attributes in the <span>XML namespace</span></a>).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>The examples below show uses of the <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code> element:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;i class="taxonomy"&gt;Felis silvestris catus&lt;/i&gt; is cute.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;The term &lt;i&gt;prose content&lt;/i&gt; is defined above.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;There is a certain &lt;i lang="fr"&gt;je ne sais quoi&lt;/i&gt; in the air.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+ <p>In the following example, a dream sequence is marked up using
+ <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code> elements.</p>
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Raymond tried to sleep.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;The ship sailed away on Thursday&lt;/i&gt;, he
+dreamt. &lt;i&gt;The ship had many people aboard, including a beautiful
+princess called Carey. He watched her, day-in, day-out, hoping she
+would notice him, but she never did.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Finally one night he picked up the courage to speak with
+her&mdash;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Raymond woke with a start as the fire alarm rang out.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Authors can use the <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code> attribute on the <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>
+ element to identify why the element is being used, so that if the style of a particular use (e.g.
+ dream sequences as opposed to taxonomic terms) is to be changed at a later date, the author
+ doesn't have to go through the entire document (or series of related documents) annotating each
+ use.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors are encouraged to consider whether other elements might be more applicable than the
+ <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code> element, for instance the <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code> element for marking up stress emphasis,
+ or the <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code> element to mark up the defining instance of a term.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Style sheets can be used to format <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code> elements, just like any other
+ element can be restyled. Thus, it is not the case that content in <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code> elements will
+ necessarily be italicized.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-b-element><span class=secno>4.5.21 </span>The <dfn><code>b</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a span of text to which attention is being
+ drawn for utilitarian purposes without conveying any extra importance and with no implication of
+ an alternate voice or mood, such as key words in a document abstract, product names in a review,
+ actionable words in interactive text-driven software, or an article lede.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows a use of the <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element to highlight key words without
+ marking them up as important:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The &lt;b&gt;frobonitor&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;barbinator&lt;/b&gt; components are fried.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, objects in a text adventure are highlighted as being special by use
+ of the <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;You enter a small room. Your &lt;b&gt;sword&lt;/b&gt; glows
+brighter. A &lt;b&gt;rat&lt;/b&gt; scurries past the corner wall.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Another case where the <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element is appropriate is in marking up the lede (or
+ lead) sentence or paragraph. The following example shows how a <a href=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/north_east/7101506.stm>BBC article about
+ kittens adopting a rabbit as their own</a> could be marked up:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Kittens 'adopted' by pet rabbit&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;b class="lede"&gt;Six abandoned kittens have found an
+ unexpected new mother figure &mdash; a pet rabbit.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Veterinary nurse Melanie Humble took the three-week-old
+ kittens to her Aberdeen home.&lt;/p&gt;
+<i>[...]</i></pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>As with the <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code> element, authors can use the <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code>
+ attribute on the <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element to identify why the element is being used, so that if the
+ style of a particular use is to be changed at a later date, the author doesn't have to go through
+ annotating each use.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element should be used as a last resort when no other element is more
+ appropriate. In particular, headings should use the <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> to <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> elements,
+ stress emphasis should use the <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code> element, importance should be denoted with the
+ <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> element, and text marked or highlighted should use the <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following would be <em>incorrect</em> usage:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;WARNING!&lt;/b&gt; Do not frob the barbinator!&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In the previous example, the correct element to use would have been <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code>, not
+ <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>Style sheets can be used to format <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> elements, just like any other
+ element can be restyled. Thus, it is not the case that content in <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> elements will
+ necessarily be boldened.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-u-element><span class=secno>4.5.22 </span>The <dfn><code>u</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a span of text with an unarticulated, though
+ explicitly rendered, non-textual annotation, such as labeling the text as being a proper name in
+ Chinese text (a Chinese proper name mark), or labeling the text as being misspelt.</p>
+
+ <p>In most cases, another element is likely to be more appropriate: for marking stress emphasis,
+ the <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code> element should be used; for marking key words or phrases either the
+ <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element or the <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code> element should be used, depending on the context;
+ for marking book titles, the <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code> element should be used<!-- even for the Chinese
+ wavy underline 'book title mark' -->; for labeling text with explicit textual annotations, the
+ <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element should be used; for labeling ship names in Western texts, the
+ <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code> element should be used.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The default rendering of the <code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code> element in visual presentations
+ clashes with the conventional rendering of hyperlinks (underlining). Authors are encouraged to
+ avoid using the <code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code> element where it could be confused for a hyperlink.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-mark-element><span class=secno>4.5.23 </span>The <dfn><code>mark</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><!-- v2: attribute that means "highlight this on the scrollbar" --><p>The <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a run of text in one document marked or
+ highlighted for reference purposes, due to its relevance in another context. When used in a
+ quotation or other block of text referred to from the prose, it indicates a highlight that was not
+ originally present but which has been added to bring the reader's attention to a part of the text
+ that might not have been considered important by the original author when the block was originally
+ written, but which is now under previously unexpected scrutiny. When used in the main prose of a
+ document, it indicates a part of the document that has been highlighted due to its likely
+ relevance to the user's current activity.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows how the <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code> element can be used to bring attention to a
+ particular part of a quotation:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p lang="en-US"&gt;Consider the following quote:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;blockquote lang="en-GB"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Look around and you will find, no-one's really
+ &lt;mark&gt;colour&lt;/mark&gt; blind.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/blockquote&gt;
+&lt;p lang="en-US"&gt;As we can tell from the &lt;em&gt;spelling&lt;/em&gt; of the word,
+the person writing this quote is clearly not American.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>(If the goal was to mark the element as misspelt, however, the <code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code> element,
+ possibly with a class, would be more appropriate.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Another example of the <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code> element is highlighting parts of a document that are
+ matching some search string. If someone looked at a document, and the server knew that the user
+ was searching for the word "kitten", then the server might return the document with one paragraph
+ modified as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;I also have some &lt;mark&gt;kitten&lt;/mark&gt;s who are visiting me
+these days. They're really cute. I think they like my garden! Maybe I
+should adopt a &lt;mark&gt;kitten&lt;/mark&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following snippet, a paragraph of text refers to a specific part of a code
+ fragment.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The highlighted part below is where the error lies:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;var i: Integer;
+begin
+ i := &lt;mark&gt;1.1&lt;/mark&gt;;
+end.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This is separate from <em>syntax highlighting</em>, for which <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code> is more
+ appropriate. Combining both, one would get:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The highlighted part below is where the error lies:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=keyword&gt;var&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=ident&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span class=type&gt;Integer&lt;/span&gt;;
+&lt;span class=keyword&gt;begin&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;span class=ident&gt;i&lt;/span&gt; := &lt;span class=literal&gt;&lt;mark&gt;1.1&lt;/mark&gt;&lt;/span&gt;;
+&lt;span class=keyword&gt;end&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This is another example showing the use of <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code> to highlight a part of quoted
+ text that was originally not emphasized. In this example, common typographic conventions have led
+ the author to explicitly style <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code> elements in quotes to render in italics.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;style scoped&gt;
+ blockquote mark, q mark {
+ font: inherit; font-style: italic;
+ text-decoration: none;
+ background: transparent; color: inherit;
+ }
+ .bubble em {
+ font: inherit; font-size: larger;
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ }
+ &lt;/style&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;She knew&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Did you notice the subtle joke in the joke on panel 4?&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;p class="bubble"&gt;I didn't &lt;em&gt;want&lt;/em&gt; to believe. &lt;mark&gt;Of course
+ on some level I realised it was a known-plaintext attack.&lt;/mark&gt; But I
+ couldn't admit it until I saw for myself.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/blockquote&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;(Emphasis mine.) I thought that was great. It's so pedantic, yet it
+ explains everything neatly.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Note, incidentally, the distinction between the <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code> element in this example, which
+ is part of the original text being quoted, and the <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code> element, which is
+ highlighting a part for comment.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows the difference between denoting the <em>importance</em> of a span
+ of text (<code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code>) as opposed to denoting the <em>relevance</em> of a span of text
+ (<code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code>). It is an extract from a textbook, where the extract has had the parts
+ relevant to the exam highlighted. The safety warnings, important though they may be, are
+ apparently not relevant to the exam.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h3&gt;Wormhole Physics Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;mark&gt;A wormhole in normal conditions can be held open for a
+maximum of just under 39 minutes.&lt;/mark&gt; Conditions that can increase
+the time include a powerful energy source coupled to one or both of
+the gates connecting the wormhole, and a large gravity well (such as a
+black hole).&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;mark&gt;Momentum is preserved across the wormhole. Electromagnetic
+radiation can travel in both directions through a wormhole,
+but matter cannot.&lt;/mark&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;When a wormhole is created, a vortex normally forms.
+&lt;strong&gt;Warning: The vortex caused by the wormhole opening will
+annihilate anything in its path.&lt;/strong&gt; Vortexes can be avoided when
+using sufficiently advanced dialing technology.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;mark&gt;An obstruction in a gate will prevent it from accepting a
+wormhole connection.&lt;/mark&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-bdi-element><span class=secno>4.5.24 </span>The <dfn><code>bdi</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd>Also, the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> global attribute has special semantics on this element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a span of text that is to be isolated from
+ its surroundings for the purposes of bidirectional text formatting. <a href=#refsBIDI>[BIDI]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> global attribute defaults to <code title=attr-dir-auto><a href=#attr-dir-auto>auto</a></code> on this element (it never inherits from the parent element like
+ with other elements).</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>This element <a href=#bidireq>has rendering requirements involving the
+ bidirectional algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This element is especially useful when embedding user-generated content with an unknown
+ directionality.</p>
+
+ <p>In this example, usernames are shown along with the number of posts that the user has
+ submitted. If the <code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code> element were not used, the username of the Arabic user would
+ end up confusing the text (the bidirectional algorithm would put the colon and the number "3"
+ next to the word "User" rather than next to the word "posts").</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;User &lt;bdi&gt;jcranmer&lt;/bdi&gt;: 12 posts.
+ &lt;li&gt;User &lt;bdi&gt;hober&lt;/bdi&gt;: 5 posts.
+ &lt;li&gt;User &lt;bdi&gt;<bdo dir=rtl>&#x625;&#x64a;&#x627;&#x646;</bdo>&lt;/bdi&gt;: 3 posts.
+&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-bdo-element><span class=secno>4.5.25 </span>The <dfn><code>bdo</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd>Also, the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> global attribute has special semantics on this element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> explicit text directionality formatting
+ control for its children. It allows authors to override the Unicode bidirectional algorithm by
+ explicitly specifying a direction override. <a href=#refsBIDI>[BIDI]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Authors must specify the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute on this element, with the
+ value <code title=attr-dir-ltr><a href=#attr-dir-ltr>ltr</a></code> to specify a left-to-right override and with the value <code title=attr-dir-rtl><a href=#attr-dir-rtl>rtl</a></code> to
+ specify a right-to-left override. The <code title=attr-dir-auto><a href=#attr-dir-auto>auto</a></code> value must not be specified.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>This element <a href=#bidireq>has rendering requirements involving the
+ bidirectional algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-span-element><span class=secno>4.5.26 </span>The <dfn><code>span</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlspanelement>HTMLSpanElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code> element doesn't mean anything on its own,
+ but can be useful when used together with the <a href=#global-attributes>global
+ attributes</a>, e.g. <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code>, <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code>, or <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code>.
+ It <a href=#represents>represents</a> its children.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a code fragment is marked up using
+ <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code> elements and <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code> attributes so that its keywords and
+ identifiers can be color-coded from CSS:</p>
+
+ <!-- extract from http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/Gallery/vlc-dvd_css-c.txt -->
+
+ <pre>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code class="lang-c"&gt;&lt;span class="keyword"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class="ident"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt; = 0; &lt;span class="ident"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt; &amp;lt; 256; &lt;span class="ident"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;++) {
+ &lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t3&lt;/span&gt; = (&lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t3&lt;/span&gt; &amp; 0x1ffff) | (&lt;span class="ident"&gt;j&lt;/span&gt; &amp;lt;&amp;lt; 17);
+ &lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t6&lt;/span&gt; = (((((((&lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t3&lt;/span&gt; &gt;&gt; 3) ^ &lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t3&lt;/span&gt;) &gt;&gt; 1) ^ &lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t3&lt;/span&gt;) &gt;&gt; 8) ^ &lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t3&lt;/span&gt;) &gt;&gt; 5) &amp; 0xff;
+ &lt;span class="keyword"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t6&lt;/span&gt; == &lt;span class="ident"&gt;i_t1&lt;/span&gt;)
+ &lt;span class="keyword"&gt;break&lt;/span&gt;;
+}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-br-element><span class=secno>4.5.27 </span>The <dfn><code>br</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlbrelement>HTMLBRElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ // <a href="#HTMLBRElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a line break.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>While line breaks are usually represented in visual media by physically moving
+ subsequent text to a new line, a style sheet or user agent would be equally justified in causing
+ line breaks to be rendered in a different manner, for instance as green dots, or as extra
+ spacing.</p>
+
+ <p><code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code> elements must be used only for line breaks that are actually part of the
+ content, as in poems or addresses.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example is correct usage of the <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;P. Sherman&lt;br&gt;
+42 Wallaby Way&lt;br&gt;
+Sydney&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p><code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code> elements must not be used for separating thematic groups in a paragraph.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following examples are non-conforming, as they abuse the <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a ...&gt;34 comments.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
+&lt;a ...&gt;Add a comment.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name: &lt;input name="name"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;br&gt;
+&lt;label&gt;Address: &lt;input name="address"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here are alternatives to the above, which are correct:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a ...&gt;34 comments.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;a ...&gt;Add a comment.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name: &lt;input name="name"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Address: &lt;input name="address"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>If a <a href=#paragraph>paragraph</a> consists of nothing but a single <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code> element, it
+ represents a placeholder blank line (e.g. as in a template). Such blank lines must not be used for
+ presentation purposes.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Any content inside <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code> elements must not be considered part of the surrounding
+ text.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This element <a href=#bidireq>has rendering requirements involving the
+ bidirectional algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-wbr-element><span class=secno>4.5.28 </span>The <dfn><code>wbr</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a line break opportunity.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, someone is quoted as saying something which, for effect, is written
+ as one long word. However, to ensure that the text can be wrapped in a readable fashion, the
+ individual words in the quote are separated using a <code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;So then he pointed at the tiger and screamed
+"there&lt;wbr&gt;is&lt;wbr&gt;no&lt;wbr&gt;way&lt;wbr&gt;you&lt;wbr&gt;are&lt;wbr&gt;ever&lt;wbr&gt;going&lt;wbr&gt;to&lt;wbr&gt;catch&lt;wbr&gt;me"!&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, especially long lines of code in a program listing have suggested wrapping points given
+ using <code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;pre&gt;...
+Heading heading = Helm.HeadingFactory(HeadingCoordinates[1], &lt;wbr&gt;HeadingCoordinates[2], &lt;wbr&gt;HeadingCoordinates[3], &lt;wbr&gt;HeadingCoordinates[4]);
+Course course = Helm.CourseFactory(Heading, &lt;wbr&gt;Maps.MapFactoryFromHeading(heading), &lt;wbr&gt;Speeds.GetMaximumSpeed().ConvertToWarp());
+...&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Any content inside <code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code> elements must not be considered part of the surrounding
+ text.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This element <a href=#bidireq>has rendering requirements involving the
+ bidirectional algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=usage-summary><span class=secno>4.5.29 </span>Usage summary</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Element
+ <th>Purpose
+ <th>Example
+ <tbody><tr><td><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>
+ <td>Hyperlinks
+ <td><pre class=example>Visit my <strong>&lt;a href="drinks.html"&gt;drinks&lt;/a&gt;</strong> page.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code>
+ <td>Stress emphasis
+ <td><pre class=example>I must say I <strong>&lt;em&gt;adore&lt;/em&gt;</strong> lemonade.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code>
+ <td>Importance
+ <td><pre class=example>This tea is <strong>&lt;strong&gt;very hot&lt;/strong&gt;</strong>.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code>
+ <td>Side comments
+ <td><pre class=example>These grapes are made into wine. <strong>&lt;small&gt;Alcohol is addictive.&lt;/small&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code>
+ <td>Inaccurate text
+ <td><pre class=example>Price: <strong>&lt;s&gt;&pound;4.50&lt;/s&gt;</strong> &pound;2.00!</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code>
+ <td>Titles of works
+ <td><pre class=example>The case <strong>&lt;cite&gt;Hugo v. Danielle&lt;/cite&gt;</strong> is relevant here.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code>
+ <td>Quotations
+ <td><pre class=example>The judge said <strong>&lt;q&gt;You can drink water from the fish tank&lt;/q&gt;</strong> but advised against it.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code>
+ <td>Defining instance
+ <td><pre class=example>The term <strong>&lt;dfn&gt;organic food&lt;/dfn&gt;</strong> refers to food produced without synthetic chemicals.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code>
+ <td>Abbreviations
+ <td><pre class=example>Organic food in Ireland is certified by the <strong>&lt;abbr title="Irish Organic Farmers and Growers Association"&gt;IOFGA&lt;/abbr&gt;</strong>.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code>
+ <td>Ruby annotations
+ <td><pre class=example><strong>&lt;ruby&gt; OJ &lt;rp&gt;(&lt;rt&gt;Orange Juice&lt;rp&gt;)&lt;/ruby&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code>
+ <td>Machine-readable equivalent
+ <td><pre class=example>Available starting today! <strong>&lt;data value="UPC:022014640201"&gt;North Coast Organic Apple Cider&lt;/data&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code>
+ <td>Machine-readable equivalent of date- or time-related data
+ <td><pre class=example>Available starting on <strong>&lt;time datetime="2011-11-12"&gt;November 12th&lt;/time&gt;</strong>!</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code>
+ <td>Computer code
+ <td><pre class=example>The <strong>&lt;code&gt;fruitdb&lt;/code&gt;</strong> program can be used for tracking fruit production.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code>
+ <td>Variables
+ <td><pre class=example>If there are <strong>&lt;var&gt;n&lt;/var&gt;</strong> fruit in the bowl, at least <strong>&lt;var&gt;n&lt;/var&gt;</strong>&divide;2 will be ripe.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code>
+ <td>Computer output
+ <td><pre class=example>The computer said <strong>&lt;samp&gt;Unknown error -3&lt;/samp&gt;</strong>.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code>
+ <td>User input
+ <td><pre class=example>Hit <strong>&lt;kbd&gt;F1&lt;/kbd&gt;</strong> to continue.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code>
+ <td>Subscripts
+ <td><pre class=example>Water is H<strong>&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</strong>O.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sup</a></code>
+ <td>Superscripts
+ <td><pre class=example>The Hydrogen in heavy water is usually <strong>&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;</strong>H.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>
+ <td>Alternative voice
+ <td><pre class=example>Lemonade consists primarily of <strong>&lt;i&gt;Citrus limon&lt;/i&gt;</strong>.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>
+ <td>Keywords
+ <td><pre class=example>Take a <strong>&lt;b&gt;lemon&lt;/b&gt;</strong> and squeeze it with a <strong>&lt;b&gt;juicer&lt;/b&gt;</strong>.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code>
+ <td>Annotations
+ <td><pre class=example>The mixture of apple juice and <strong>&lt;u class="spelling"&gt;eldeflower&lt;/u&gt;</strong> juice is very pleasant.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code>
+ <td>Highlight
+ <td><pre class=example>Elderflower cordial, with one <strong>&lt;mark&gt;part&lt;/mark&gt;</strong> cordial to ten <strong>&lt;mark&gt;part&lt;/mark&gt;</strong>s water, stands a<strong>&lt;mark&gt;part&lt;/mark&gt;</strong> from the rest.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code>
+ <td>Text directionality isolation
+ <td><pre class=example>The recommended restaurant is <strong>&lt;bdi lang=""&gt;My Juice Caf&eacute; (At The Beach)&lt;/bdi&gt;</strong>.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code>
+ <td>Text directionality formatting
+ <td><pre class=example>The proposal is to write English, but in reverse order. "Juice" would become "<strong>&lt;bdo dir=rtl&gt;Juice&lt;/bdo&gt;</strong>"</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code>
+ <td>Other
+ <td><pre class=example>In French we call it <strong>&lt;span lang="fr"&gt;sirop de sureau&lt;/span&gt;</strong>.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code>
+ <td>Line break
+ <td><pre class=example>Simply Orange Juice Company<strong>&lt;br&gt;</strong>Apopka, FL 32703<strong>&lt;br&gt;</strong>U.S.A.</pre>
+
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code>
+ <td>Line breaking opportunity
+ <td><pre class=example>www.simply<strong>&lt;wbr&gt;</strong>orange<strong>&lt;wbr&gt;</strong>juice.com</pre>
+
+ </table><h3 id=edits><span class=secno>4.6 </span>Edits</h3>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements represent edits to the document.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-ins-element><span class=secno>4.6.1 </span>The <dfn><code>ins</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#transparent>Transparent</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-mod-cite><a href=#attr-mod-cite>cite</a></code> &mdash; Link to the source of the quotation or more information about the edit</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-mod-datetime><a href=#attr-mod-datetime>datetime</a></code> &mdash; Date and (optionally) time of the change</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses the <code><a href=#htmlmodelement>HTMLModElement</a></code> interface.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> an addition to the document.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following represents the addition of a single paragraph:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;ins&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; I like fruit. &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/ins&gt;
+&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>As does the following, because everything in the <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code> element here counts as
+ <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> and therefore there is just one <a href=#paragraph>paragraph</a>:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;ins&gt;
+ Apples are &lt;em&gt;tasty&lt;/em&gt;.
+ &lt;/ins&gt;
+ &lt;ins&gt;
+ So are pears.
+ &lt;/ins&gt;
+&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p><code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> elements should not cross <a href=#paragraph title=paragraph>implied paragraph</a>
+ boundaries.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example represents the addition of two paragraphs, the second of which was
+ inserted in two parts. The first <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> element in this example thus crosses a
+ paragraph boundary, which is considered poor form.</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;!-- don't do this --&gt;
+ &lt;ins datetime="2005-03-16 00:00Z"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; I like fruit. &lt;/p&gt;
+ Apples are &lt;em&gt;tasty&lt;/em&gt;.
+ &lt;/ins&gt;
+ &lt;ins datetime="2007-12-19 00:00Z"&gt;
+ So are pears.
+ &lt;/ins&gt;
+&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here is a better way of marking this up. It uses more elements, but none of the elements cross
+ implied paragraph boundaries.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;ins datetime="2005-03-16 00:00Z"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; I like fruit. &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/ins&gt;
+ &lt;ins datetime="2005-03-16 00:00Z"&gt;
+ Apples are &lt;em&gt;tasty&lt;/em&gt;.
+ &lt;/ins&gt;
+ &lt;ins datetime="2007-12-19 00:00Z"&gt;
+ So are pears.
+ &lt;/ins&gt;
+&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>
+
+ <!-- Those dates aren't random. They're the start and end of something. Can you guess what? -->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-del-element><span class=secno>4.6.2 </span>The <dfn><code>del</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#transparent>Transparent</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-mod-cite><a href=#attr-mod-cite>cite</a></code> &mdash; Link to the source of the quotation or more information about the edit</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-mod-datetime><a href=#attr-mod-datetime>datetime</a></code> &mdash; Date and (optionally) time of the change</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses the <code><a href=#htmlmodelement>HTMLModElement</a></code> interface.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a removal from the document.</p>
+
+ <p><code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements should not cross <a href=#paragraph title=paragraph>implied paragraph</a>
+ boundaries.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following shows a "to do" list where items that have been done are crossed-off with the
+ date and time of their completion.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;To Do&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;Empty the dishwasher&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;del datetime="2009-10-11T01:25-07:00"&gt;Watch Walter Lewin's lectures&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;del datetime="2009-10-10T23:38-07:00"&gt;Download more tracks&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;Buy a printer&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=attributes-common-to-ins-and-del-elements><span class=secno>4.6.3 </span>Attributes common to <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-mod-cite title=attr-mod-cite><code>cite</code></dfn> attribute may be used to specify the
+ address of a document that explains the change. When that document is long, for instance the
+ minutes of a meeting, authors are encouraged to include a fragment identifier pointing to the
+ specific part of that document that discusses the change.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-mod-cite><a href=#attr-mod-cite>cite</a></code> attribute is present, it must be a <a href=#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid
+ URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a> that explains the change. <span class=impl>To obtain
+ the corresponding citation link, the value of the attribute must be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolved</a> relative to the element.</span> User agents may allow users to follow such
+ citation links, but they are primarily intended for private use (e.g. by server-side scripts
+ collecting statistics about a site's edits), not for readers.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-mod-datetime title=attr-mod-datetime><code>datetime</code></dfn> attribute may be used to specify
+ the time and date of the change.</p>
+
+ <p>If present, the <code title=attr-mod-datetime><a href=#attr-mod-datetime>datetime</a></code> attribute's value must be a
+ <a href=#valid-date-string-with-optional-time>valid date string with optional time</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents must parse the <code title=attr-mod-datetime><a href=#attr-mod-datetime>datetime</a></code> attribute according
+ to the <a href=#parse-a-date-or-time-string>parse a date or time string</a> algorithm. If that doesn't return a <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a> or a <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a>,
+ then the modification has no associated timestamp (the value is non-conforming; it is not a
+ <a href=#valid-date-string-with-optional-time>valid date string with optional time</a>). Otherwise, the modification is marked as
+ having been made at the given <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a> or <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a>. If the given value is a <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a> then user agents should use the associated
+ time-zone offset information to determine which time zone to present the given datetime in.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>This value <span class=impl>may be shown to the user, but it</span> is primarily intended for
+ private use.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements <span class=impl>must</span> implement the
+ <code><a href=#htmlmodelement>HTMLModElement</a></code> interface:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlmodelement>HTMLModElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-mod-cite title=dom-mod-cite>cite</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-mod-datetime title=dom-mod-dateTime>dateTime</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mod-cite title=dom-mod-cite><code>cite</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the element's <code title=attr-mod-cite><a href=#attr-mod-cite>cite</a></code> content attribute. The <dfn id=dom-mod-datetime title=dom-mod-dateTime><code>dateTime</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ element's <code title=attr-mod-datetime><a href=#attr-mod-datetime>datetime</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=edits-and-paragraphs><span class=secno>4.6.4 </span>Edits and paragraphs</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Since the <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements do not affect <a href=#paragraph title=paragraph>paragraphing</a>, it is possible, in some cases where paragraphs are <a href=#paragraph title=paragraph>implied</a> (without explicit <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> elements), for an
+ <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> element to span both an entire paragraph or other
+ non-<a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> elements and part of another paragraph. For example:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;ins&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ This is a paragraph that was inserted.
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ This is another paragraph whose first sentence was inserted
+ at the same time as the paragraph above.
+ &lt;/ins&gt;
+ This is a second sentence, which was there all along.
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>By only wrapping some paragraphs in <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> elements, one can even get the end of one
+ paragraph, a whole second paragraph, and the start of a third paragraph to be covered by the same
+ <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> element (though this is very confusing, and not considered
+ good practice):</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;section&gt;
+ This is the first paragraph. &lt;ins&gt;This sentence was
+ inserted.
+ &lt;p&gt;This second paragraph was inserted.&lt;/p&gt;
+ This sentence was inserted too.&lt;/ins&gt; This is the
+ third paragraph in this example.
+ &lt;!-- (don't do this) --&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>However, due to the way <a href=#paragraph title=paragraph>implied paragraphs</a> are defined, it is
+ not possible to mark up the end of one paragraph and the start of the very next one using the same
+ <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> element. You instead have to use one (or two) <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>
+ element(s) and two <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements, as for example:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;This is the first paragraph. &lt;del&gt;This sentence was
+ deleted.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;del&gt;This sentence was deleted too.&lt;/del&gt; That
+ sentence needed a separate &amp;lt;del&amp;gt; element.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Partly because of the confusion described above, authors are strongly encouraged to always mark
+ up all paragraphs with the <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element, instead of having <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements that cross <a href=#paragraph title=paragraph>implied paragraphs</a>
+ boundaries.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=edits-and-lists><span class=secno>4.6.5 </span>Edits and lists</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The content models of the <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> elements do not allow
+ <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements as children. Lists always represent all their
+ items, including items that would otherwise have been marked as deleted.</p>
+
+ <p>To indicate that an item is inserted or deleted, an <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code>
+ element can be wrapped around the contents of the <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element. To indicate that an
+ item has been replaced by another, a single <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element can have one or more
+ <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements followed by one or more <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, a list that started empty had items added and removed from it over
+ time. The bits in the example that have been emphasized show the parts that are the "current"
+ state of the list. The list item numbers don't take into account the edits, though.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;Stop-ship bugs&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;ol&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;ins datetime="2008-02-12T15:20Z"&gt;<em>Bug 225:
+ Rain detector doesn't work in snow</em>&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;del datetime="2008-03-01T20:22Z"&gt;&lt;ins datetime="2008-02-14T12:02Z"&gt;Bug 228:
+ Water buffer overflows in April&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;ins datetime="2008-02-16T13:50Z"&gt;<em>Bug 230:
+ Water heater doesn't use renewable fuels</em>&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;del datetime="2008-02-20T21:15Z"&gt;&lt;ins datetime="2008-02-16T14:25Z"&gt;Bug 232:
+ Carbon dioxide emissions detected after startup&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, a list that started with just fruit was replaced by a list with just
+ colors.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;List of &lt;del&gt;fruits&lt;/del&gt;&lt;ins&gt;colors&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;del&gt;Lime&lt;/del&gt;&lt;ins&gt;Green&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;del&gt;Apple&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;Orange&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;del&gt;Pear&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;ins&gt;Teal&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;del&gt;Lemon&lt;/del&gt;&lt;ins&gt;Yellow&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;Olive&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;ins&gt;Purple&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=edits-and-tables><span class=secno>4.6.6 </span>Edits and tables</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The elements that form part of the table model have complicated content model requirements that
+ do not allow for the <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements, so indicating edits to a
+ table can be difficult.</p>
+
+ <p>To indicate that an entire row or an entire column has been added or removed, the entire
+ contents of each cell in that row or column can be wrapped in <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code>
+ elements (respectively).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, a table's row has been added:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt; Game name &lt;th&gt; Game publisher &lt;th&gt; Verdict
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; Diablo 2 &lt;td&gt; Blizzard &lt;td&gt; 8/10
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; Portal &lt;td&gt; Valve &lt;td&gt; 10/10
+<strong> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;ins&gt;Portal 2&lt;/ins&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;ins&gt;Valve&lt;/ins&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;ins&gt;10/10&lt;/ins&gt;</strong>
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here, a column has been removed (the time at which it was removed is given also, as is a link
+ to the page explaining why):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt; Game name &lt;th&gt; Game publisher &lt;th&gt; <strong>&lt;del cite="/edits/r192" datetime="2011-05-02 14:23Z"&gt;Verdict&lt;/del&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; Diablo 2 &lt;td&gt; Blizzard &lt;td&gt; <strong>&lt;del cite="/edits/r192" datetime="2011-05-02 14:23Z"&gt;8/10&lt;/del&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; Portal &lt;td&gt; Valve &lt;td&gt; <strong>&lt;del cite="/edits/r192" datetime="2011-05-02 14:23Z"&gt;10/10&lt;/del&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; Portal 2 &lt;td&gt; Valve &lt;td&gt; <strong>&lt;del cite="/edits/r192" datetime="2011-05-02 14:23Z"&gt;10/10&lt;/del&gt;</strong>
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Generally speaking, there is no good way to indicate more complicated edits (e.g. that a cell
+ was removed, moving all subsequent cells up or to the left).</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=embedded-content><span class=secno>4.7 </span>Embedded content</h3>
+
+<!--
+
+License for the imported HTML spec:
+
+ Written by Ian Hickson (Google, ian@hixie.ch)
+ Parts (c) Copyright 2004-2014 Apple Inc., Mozilla Foundation, and Opera Software ASA
+ You are granted a license to use, reproduce and create derivative works of this document
+
+License for the contributions to this file as of 2014-05-06:
+
+ To the extent possible under law, the editors have waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.
+ In addition, as of 6 May 2014, the editors have made this specification available under the Open Web Foundation Agreement Version 1.0,
+ which is available at http://www.openwebfoundation.org/legal/the-owf-1-0-agreements/owfa-1-0.
+
+-->
+
+<!--
+
+This file is being maintained at https://github.com/ResponsiveImagesCG/picture-element/blob/gh-pages/source
+
+It is integrated into the WHATWG HTML spec: http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/edits.html#embedded-content
+
+Editor: Simon Pieters <simonp@opera.com>, Opera Software
+
+-->
+
+ <!-- START OF PICTURE SECTION -->
+
+ <p class=XXX>The <a href=http://picture.responsiveimages.org/>picture element specification</a>
+ will be folded in to this specification, replacing some of the requirements in this section.</p>
+
+ <!-- <h4>The <dfn><code>picture</code></dfn> * element</h4> -->
+
+ <!-- <h4>The <dfn><code>imgcandidate</code></dfn> * element</h4> --> <!--(or whatever it gets called)-->
+
+ <h4 id=the-img-element><span class=secno>4.7.1 </span>The <dfn><code>img</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#embedded-content-category>Embedded content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#form-associated-element>Form-associated element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element has a <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attribute: <a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> &mdash; Replacement text for use when images are not available</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> &mdash; Address of the resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code> &mdash; Images to use in different situations (e.g. high-resolution displays, small monitors, etc)</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-img-crossorigin><a href=#attr-img-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> &mdash; How the element handles crossorigin requests</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> &mdash; Name of <a href=#image-map>image map</a> to use</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-img-ismap><a href=#attr-img-ismap>ismap</a></code> &mdash; Whether the image is a server-side image map</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> &mdash; Horizontal dimension</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code> &mdash; Vertical dimension</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>[NamedConstructor=<a href=#dom-image title=dom-image>Image</a>(optional unsigned long width, optional unsigned long height)]
+interface <dfn id=htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-img-alt title=dom-img-alt>alt</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-img-src title=dom-img-src>src</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-img-srcset title=dom-img-srcset>srcset</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-img-crossorigin title=dom-img-crossOrigin>crossOrigin</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-img-usemap title=dom-img-useMap>useMap</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-img-ismap title=dom-img-isMap>isMap</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-img-width title=dom-img-width>width</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-img-height title=dom-img-height>height</a>;
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-img-naturalwidth title=dom-img-naturalWidth>naturalWidth</a>;
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-img-naturalheight title=dom-img-naturalHeight>naturalHeight</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-img-complete title=dom-img-complete>complete</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLImageElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>An <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element represents an image.</p>
+
+ <!-- v2 ideas for <img>:
+
+ * Maps sites would like to know which images are already cached, so that they can use images
+ that are vaguely suitable while they wait for the most appropriate image to download.
+
+ Almost like lowsrc="", except that many images might be appropriate.
+
+ Slight hitch: their images are at a different origin, and we don't want to allow arbitrary
+ cross-origin inspection (privacy leak risk). So it will require them to do CORS opt-in.
+
+ * See note at rel=noreferrer.
+
+ -->
+
+ <p>The image given by the <dfn id=attr-img-src title=attr-img-src><code>src</code></dfn> and <dfn id=attr-img-srcset title=attr-img-srcset><code>srcset</code></dfn> attributes is the embedded content; the value of
+ the <dfn id=attr-img-alt title=attr-img-alt><code>alt</code></dfn> attribute provides equivalent content for
+ those who cannot process images or who have image loading disabled (i.e. it is the
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>The requirements on the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute's value are described
+ <a href=#alt>in the next section</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute must be present, and must contain a
+ <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a> referencing a non-interactive,
+ optionally animated, image resource that is neither paged nor scripted.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code> attribute may also be present. If present, its
+ value must consist of one or more <a href=#image-candidate-string title="image candidate string">image candidate
+ strings</a>, each separated from the next by a U+002C COMMA character (,). This attribute
+ allows authors to provide alternative images for environments with smaller screens or screens with
+ higher pixel densities.</p>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code> attribute allows authors to provide a set of
+ images to handle graphical displays of varying dimensions and pixel densities.</p>
+
+ <p>The attribute essentially takes a comma-separated list of URLs each with one or more
+ descriptors giving the maximum viewport dimensions and pixel density allowed to use the image.
+ From the available options, the user agent then picks the most appropriate image. If the viewport
+ dimensions or pixel density changes, the user agent can replace the image data with a new image
+ on the fly.</p>
+
+ <p>To specify an image, give first a URL, then one or more descriptors of the form 100w, 100h, or
+ 2x, where "100w" means "maximum viewport width of 100 CSS pixels", "100h" is the same but for
+ height, and "2x" means "maximum pixel density of 2 device pixels per CSS pixel".</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>An <dfn id=image-candidate-string>image candidate string</dfn> consists of the following components, in order, with the
+ further restrictions described below this list:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-non-empty-url>valid non-empty URL</a> referencing a non-interactive, optionally animated, image
+ resource that is neither paged nor scripted.</li>
+
+ <li>Zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally a <i>width descriptor</i>, consisting of: a <a href=#space-character>space character</a>, a
+ <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> representing the <i>width descriptor value</i>, and a
+ U+0077 LATIN SMALL LETTER W character.</li>
+
+ <li>Zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally a <i>height descriptor</i>, consisting of: a <a href=#space-character>space character</a>, a
+ <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> representing the <i>height descriptor value</i>, and a
+ U+0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER H character.</li>
+
+ <li>Zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally a <i>pixel density descriptor</i>, consisting of: a <a href=#space-character>space character</a>,
+ a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a> giving a number greater than zero representing the
+ <i>pixel density descriptor value</i>, and a U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X character.</li>
+
+ <li>Zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Each <a href=#image-candidate-string>image candidate string</a> must have at least one of the three optional
+ descriptors. There must not be two <a href=#image-candidate-string title="image candidate string">image candidate
+ strings</a> in a <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code> attribute whose <i>width
+ descriptor value</i>, <i>height descriptor value</i>, and <i>pixel density descriptor value</i>
+ are each identical to their counterpart in the other <a href=#image-candidate-string>image candidate string</a>; for the
+ purposes of this requirement, omitted <i>width descriptors</i> and <i>height descriptors</i> are
+ considered to have the value "Infinity", and omitted <i>pixel density descriptors</i> are
+ considered to have the value 1.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a banner that takes half the viewport is provided in two versions, one for
+ wide screen and one for narrow screens.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;&lt;img alt="The Breakfast Combo"
+ src="banner.jpeg"
+ srcset="banner-HD.jpeg 2x, banner-phone.jpeg 100w, banner-phone-HD.jpeg 100w 2x"&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The requirements above imply that images can be static bitmaps (e.g. PNGs, GIFs,
+ JPEGs), single-page vector documents (single-page PDFs, XML files with an SVG root element),
+ animated bitmaps (APNGs, animated GIFs), animated vector graphics (XML files with an SVG root
+ element that use declarative SMIL animation), and so forth. However, these definitions preclude
+ SVG files with script, multipage PDF files, interactive MNG files, HTML documents, plain text
+ documents, and so forth. <a href=#refsPNG>[PNG]</a> <a href=#refsGIF>[GIF]</a> <a href=#refsJPEG>[JPEG]</a> <a href=#refsPDF>[PDF]</a> <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a> <a href=#refsAPNG>[APNG]</a> <!-- <a href="#refsAGIF">[AGIF]</a> --> <a href=#refsSVG>[SVG]</a>
+ <a href=#refsMNG>[MNG]</a> </p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element must not be used as a layout tool. In particular, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>
+ elements should not be used to display transparent images, as such images rarely convey meaning and
+ rarely add anything useful to the document.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-img-crossorigin title=attr-img-crossorigin><code>crossorigin</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#cors-settings-attribute>CORS
+ settings attribute</a>. Its purpose is to allow images from third-party sites that allow
+ cross-origin access to be used with <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>An <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> is always in one of the following states:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=img-none title=img-none>Unavailable</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>The user agent hasn't obtained any image data.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=img-inc title=img-inc>Partially available</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>The user agent has obtained some of the image data.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=img-all title=img-all>Completely available</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>The user agent has obtained all of the image data and at least the image dimensions are
+ available.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=img-error title=img-error>Broken</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>The user agent has obtained all of the image data that it can, but it cannot even decode the
+ image enough to get the image dimensions (e.g. the image is corrupted, or the format is not
+ supported, or no data could be obtained).</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element is either in the <a href=#img-inc title=img-inc>partially
+ available</a> state or in the <a href=#img-all title=img-all>completely available</a> state, it is
+ said to be <dfn id=img-available title=img-available>available</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element is initially <a href=#img-none title=img-none>unavailable</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element is <a href=#img-available title=img-available>available</a>, it
+ <a href=#provides-a-paint-source>provides a paint source</a> whose width is the image's intrinsic width, whose height is
+ the image's intrinsic height, and whose appearance is the intrinsic appearance of the image.</p>
+
+ <p>In a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> where <a href=#concept-bc-noscript title=concept-bc-noscript>scripting is
+ disabled</a>, user agents may obtain images immediately or on demand. In a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> where <a href=#concept-bc-noscript title=concept-bc-noscript>scripting is enabled</a>, user agents
+ must obtain images immediately.</p>
+
+ <p>A user agent that obtains images immediately must synchronously <a href=#update-the-image-data>update the image
+ data</a> of an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element whenever that element is created with a <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute, a <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code>
+ attribute, or both. A user agent that obtains images immediately must also synchronously
+ <a href=#update-the-image-data>update the image data</a> of an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element whenever that element has its
+ <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code>, <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code>, or <code title=attr-img-crossorigin><a href=#attr-img-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> attribute set, changed, or removed, and whenever
+ that element's <a href=#concept-node-adopt-ext title=concept-node-adopt-ext>adopting steps</a> are run.</p> <!-- Note
+ how this does NOT happen when the base URL changes (except for when adopted into a new doc) -->
+
+ <p>A user agent that obtains images on demand must <a href=#update-the-image-data>update the image data</a> of an
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element whenever it needs the image data (i.e. on demand), but only if the
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> or <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>srcset</a></code> attribute, and only if the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element is in the
+ <a href=#img-none title=img-none>unavailable</a> state. When an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code>, <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code>, or <code title=attr-img-crossorigin><a href=#attr-img-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> attribute set, changed, or removed, and whenever
+ that element's <a href=#concept-node-adopt-ext title=concept-node-adopt-ext>adopting steps</a> are run, if the user
+ agent only obtains images on demand, the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element must return to the <a href=#img-none title=img-none>unavailable</a> state.</p> <!-- Note how this does NOT happen when the base
+ URL changes. -->
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element has a <dfn id=last-selected-source>last selected source</dfn>, which must initially be
+ null, and a <dfn id=current-pixel-density>current pixel density</dfn>, which must initially be undefined.</p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element has a <a href=#current-pixel-density>current pixel density</a> that is not 1.0, the
+ element's image data must be treated as if its resolution, in device pixels per CSS pixels, was
+ the <a href=#current-pixel-density>current pixel density</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if the <a href=#current-pixel-density>current pixel density</a> is 3.125, that means
+ that there are 300 device pixels per CSS inch, and thus if the image data is 300x600, it has an
+ intrinsic dimension of 96 CSS pixels by 192 CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object must have a <dfn id=list-of-available-images>list of available images</dfn>. Each image
+ in this list is identified by a tuple consisting of an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, a <a href=#cors-settings-attribute>CORS
+ settings attribute</a> mode, and, if the mode is not <a href=#attr-crossorigin-none title=attr-crossorigin-none>No
+ CORS</a>, an <a href=#origin>origin</a>. User agents may copy entries from one <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ object's <a href=#list-of-available-images>list of available images</a> to another at any time (e.g. when the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created, user agents can add to it all the images that are loaded in
+ other <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s), but must not change the keys of entries copied in this way when
+ doing so. User agents may also remove images from such lists at any time (e.g. to save
+ memory).</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=update-the-image-data>update the image data</dfn> of an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element, it
+ must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Return the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element to the <a href=#img-none title=img-none>unavailable</a>
+ state.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If an instance of the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching</a> algorithm is still running for
+ this element, then abort that algorithm, discarding any pending <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> generated by that algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Forget the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's current image data, if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the user agent cannot support images, or its support for images has been disabled, then
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the element has a <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code> attribute specified, then
+ let <var title="">selected source</var> and <var title="">selected pixel density</var> be the
+ URL and pixel density that results from <a href=#processing-the-image-candidates>processing the image candidates</a>,
+ respectively.
+
+ Otherwise, if the element has a <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute specified and
+ its value is not the empty string, let <var title="">selected source</var> be the value of the
+ element's <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute, and <var title="">selected pixel
+ density</var> be 1.0. Otherwise, let <var title="">selected source</var> be null and <var title="">selected pixel density</var> be undefined.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's <a href=#last-selected-source>last selected source</a> be <var title="">selected source</var> and the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's <a href=#current-pixel-density>current pixel
+ density</a> be <var title="">selected pixel density</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">selected source</var> is not null, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> <var title="">selected source</var>, relative
+ to the element. If that is not successful, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">key</var> be a tuple consisting of the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>, the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's <code title=attr-img-crossorigin><a href=#attr-img-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code>
+ attribute's mode, and, if that mode is not <a href=#attr-crossorigin-none title=attr-crossorigin-none>No CORS</a>,
+ the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's <a href=#origin>origin</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#list-of-available-images>list of available images</a> contains an entry for <var title="">key</var>, then set the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element to the <a href=#img-all title=img-all>completely
+ available</a> state, update the presentation of the image appropriately, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element, and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Asynchronously <a href=#await-a-stable-state>await a stable state</a>, allowing the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that invoked this algorithm to continue. The <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous
+ section</a> consists of all the remaining steps of this algorithm until the algorithm says the
+ <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> has ended. (Steps in <a href=#synchronous-section title="synchronous
+ section">synchronous sections</a> are marked with &#x231b;.)</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>&#x231b; If another instance of this algorithm for this <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element was started
+ after this instance (even if it aborted and is no longer running), then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Only the last instance takes effect, to avoid multiple requests when, for
+ example, the <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code>, <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code>,
+ and <code title=attr-img-crossorigin><a href=#attr-img-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> attributes are all set in
+ succession.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>&#x231b; If <var title="">selected source</var> is null, then set the element to the <a href=#img-error title=img-error>broken</a> state, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element, and
+ abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>&#x231b; <a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-progress-event>fire a progress event</a> named <code title=event-loadstart><a href=#event-loadstart>loadstart</a></code> at
+ the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>&#x231b; Do a <a href=#potentially-cors-enabled-fetch>potentially CORS-enabled fetch</a><!--FETCH--> of the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> that resulted from the earlier step, with the <i>mode</i> being the current state of
+ the element's <code title=attr-img-crossorigin><a href=#attr-img-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> content attribute, the <i title="">origin</i> being the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and the <i>default origin behaviour</i> set to <i>taint</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The resource obtained in this fashion, if any, is the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's image data.
+ It can be either <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a> or <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a>; this affects
+ the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the image itself (e.g. when used on a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>).</p>
+
+ <!-- same text in <input type=image> section and similar text elsewhere -->
+ <p>Fetching the image must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of the element's document until the
+ <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by the
+ <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> once the resource has been <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> (<a href=#img-load>defined below</a>) has been run.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>This, unfortunately, can be used to perform a rudimentary port scan of the
+ user's local network (especially in conjunction with scripting, though scripting isn't actually
+ necessary to carry out such an attack). User agents may implement <a href=#origin title=origin>cross-origin</a> access control policies that are stricter than those
+ described above to mitigate this attack, but unfortunately such policies are typically not
+ compatible with existing Web content.</p>
+
+ <p>If the resource is <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a>, each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>
+ that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>
+ while the image is being <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> must <a href=#fire-a-progress-event>fire a progress
+ event</a> named <code title=event-progress><a href=#event-progress>progress</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>End the <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>, continuing the remaining steps asynchronously,
+ but without missing any data from the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>As soon as possible, jump to the first applicable entry from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the resource type is <code><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>multipart/x-mixed-replace</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The next <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a
+ task">queued</a> by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> while the image is being <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> must set the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's state to <a href=#img-inc title=img-inc>partially available</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a
+ task">queued</a> by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> while the image is being <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> must update the presentation of the image, but as each new body
+ part comes in, it must replace the previous image. Once one body part has been completely
+ decoded, the user agent must set the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element to the <a href=#img-all title=img-all>completely available</a> state and <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire
+ a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=event-progress><a href=#event-progress>progress</a></code> and <code title=event-loadend><a href=#event-loadend>loadend</a></code> events are not fired for
+ <code><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>multipart/x-mixed-replace</a></code> image streams.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the resource type and data corresponds to a supported image format, <a href=#img-determine-type>as described below</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The next <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a
+ task">queued</a> by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> while the image is being <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> must set the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's state to <a href=#img-inc title=img-inc>partially available</a>.</p>
+
+ <p id=img-load>That <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>, and each subsequent <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>, that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by the
+ <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> while the image is being <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> must update the presentation of the image appropriately (e.g. if
+ the image is a progressive JPEG, each packet can improve the resolution of the image).</p>
+
+ <p>Furthermore, the last <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a
+ task">queued</a> by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> once the resource has been
+ <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> must additionally run the steps for the matching entry in
+ the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the download was successful and the user agent was able to determine the image's width
+ and height</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element to the <a href=#img-all title=img-all>completely
+ available</a> state.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Add the image to the <a href=#list-of-available-images>list of available images</a> using the key <var title="">key</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the resource is <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a>: <a href=#fire-a-progress-event>fire a progress event</a>
+ named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the resource is <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a>: <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named
+ <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the resource is <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a>: <a href=#fire-a-progress-event>fire a progress event</a>
+ named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>loadend</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the resource is <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a>: <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named
+ <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>loadend</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1222 -->
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element to the <a href=#img-error title=img-error>broken</a>
+ state.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the resource is <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a>: <a href=#fire-a-progress-event>fire a progress event</a>
+ named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the resource is <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a>: <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named
+ <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the resource is <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a>: <a href=#fire-a-progress-event>fire a progress event</a>
+ named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>loadend</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the resource is <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a>: <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named
+ <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>loadend</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Either the image data is corrupted in some fatal way such that the image dimensions cannot
+ be obtained, or the image data is not in a supported file format; the user agent must set the
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element to the <a href=#img-error title=img-error>broken</a> state, abort the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching</a> algorithm, discarding any pending <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> generated by that algorithm, and then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to first <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element and then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-loadend><a href=#event-loadend>loadend</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol><p>While a user agent is running the above algorithm for an element <var title="">x</var>, there
+ must be a strong reference from the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> to the element <var title="">x</var>, even if that element is not <a href=#in-a-document title="in a Document">in</a> its
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element is in the <a href=#img-all title=img-all>completely available</a>
+ state <em>and</em> the user agent can decode the media data without errors, then the
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element is said to be <dfn id=img-good title=img-good>fully decodable</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>Whether the image is fetched successfully or not (e.g. whether the response code was a 2xx code
+ <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or equivalent</a>) must be ignored when determining
+ the image's type and whether it is a valid image.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This allows servers to return images with error responses, and have them
+ displayed.</p>
+
+ <p id=img-determine-type>The user agent should apply the <a href=#content-type-sniffing:-image title="Content-Type sniffing:
+ image">image sniffing rules</a> to determine the type of the image, with the image's <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>associated Content-Type headers</a> giving the <var title="">official
+ type</var>. If these rules are not applied, then the type of the image must be the type given by
+ the image's <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>associated Content-Type headers</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must not support non-image resources with the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element (e.g. XML
+ files whose root element is an HTML element). User agents must not run executable code (e.g.
+ scripts) embedded in the image resource. User agents must only display the first page of a
+ multipage resource (e.g. a PDF file). User agents must not allow the resource to act in an
+ interactive fashion, but should honor any animation in the resource.</p>
+
+ <p>This specification does not specify which image types are to be supported.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=processing-the-image-candidates title="processing the image candidates">process the
+ image candidates</dfn> of an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code> attribute, the user agent must run the following steps,
+ which return a URL and pixel density (null and undefined respectively if no selection can be
+ made):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the value of the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">raw candidates</var> be an initially empty ordered list of <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> with associated unparsed descriptors. The order of entries in the list is
+ the order in which entries are added to the list.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Splitting loop</i>: <a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are not <a href=#space-character title="space
+ character">space characters</a>, and let that be <var title="">url</var>.</li> <!-- if
+ /url/ is empty, we're at the end of the string -->
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">url</var> is empty, then jump to the step labeled <i>descriptor
+ parser</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are not U+002C COMMA characters (,),
+ and let that be <var title="">descriptors</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">url</var> to <var title="">raw candidates</var>, associated with <var title="">descriptors</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, then jump to
+ the step labeled <i>descriptor parser</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character in <var title="">input</var>
+ (skipping past the U+002C COMMA character (,) separating this candidate from the next).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the step labeled <i>splitting loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Descriptor parser</i>: Let <var title="">candidates</var> be an initially empty ordered
+ list of <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> each with an associated pixel density, and optionally an
+ associated width, height, or both. The order of entries in the list is the order in which entries
+ are added to the list.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each entry in <var title="">raw candidates</var> with <a href=#url>URL</a> <var title="">url</var> associated with the unparsed descriptors <var title="">unparsed
+ descriptors</var>, in the order they were originally added to the list, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">descriptor list</var> be the result of <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on
+ spaces">splitting <var title="">unparsed descriptors</var> on spaces</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">error</var> be <i>no</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">width</var> be <i>absent</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">height</var> be <i>absent</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">density</var> be <i>absent</i>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each token in <var title="">descriptor list</var>, run the appropriate set of steps
+ from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the token consists of a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> followed by a U+0077 LATIN SMALL LETTER W character</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">width</var> is not <i>absent</i>, then let <var title="">error</var> be <i>yes</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Apply the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> to the token. Let
+ <var title="">width</var> be the result.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the token consists of a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> followed by a U+0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER H character</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">height</var> is not <i>absent</i>,
+ then let <var title="">error</var> be <i>yes</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Apply the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative
+ integers</a> to the token. Let <var title="">height</var>
+ be the result.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the token consists of a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a> followed by a U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X character</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">density</var> is not <i>absent</i>, then let <var title="">error</var> be <i>yes</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Apply the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing floating-point number values</a> to the token.
+ Let <var title="">density</var> be the result.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">width</var> is still <i>absent</i>, set it to Infinity.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">height</var> is still <i>absent</i>, set it to Infinity.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">density</var> is still <i>absent</i>, set it to 1.0.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">error</var> is still <i>no</i>, then add an entry to <var title="">candidates</var> whose <a href=#url>URL</a> is <var title="">url</var>, associated with a
+ width <var title="">width</var>, a height <var title="">height</var>, and a pixel density <var title="">density</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute whose
+ value is not the empty string, then run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">url</var> be the value of the element's <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add an entry to <var title="">candidates</var> whose <a href=#url>URL</a> is <var title="">url</var>, associated with a width Infinity, a height Infinity, and a pixel density
+ 1.0.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidates</var> is empty, return null as the URL and undefined as the
+ pixel density and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If an entry <var title="">b</var> in <var title="">candidates</var> has the same
+ associated width, height, and pixel density as an earlier entry <var title="">a</var> in <var title="">candidates</var>, then remove entry <var title="">b</var>. Repeat this step until none
+ of the entries in <var title="">candidates</var> have the same associated width, height, and
+ pixel density as an earlier entry.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Optionally, return the <a href=#url>URL</a> of an entry in <var title="">candidates</var> chosen
+ by the user agent, and that entry's associated pixel density, and then abort these steps. The
+ user agent may apply any algorithm or heuristic in its selection of an entry for the purposes of
+ this step.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This allows a user agent to override the default algorithm (as described in
+ subsequent steps) in case the user agent has a reason to do so. For example, it would allow the
+ user agent in highly bandwidth-constrained conditions to intentionally opt to use an image
+ intended for a smaller screen size, on the assumption that it'll probably be good enough.
+ Implementors are urged to avoid doing this if at all possible, to let authors have predictable
+ results. The results of using an image intended for a different viewport size can be, at a
+ minimum, aesthetically displeasing.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This clause is not necessary to select images that are of lower pixel density
+ than the display can handle, because the definition of pixel density below is also left up to
+ the user agent. This step is only needed to allow user agents to pick images intended for
+ viewports with other dimensions.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">max width</var> be the width of the viewport, and let <var title="">max
+ height</var> be the height of the viewport. <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>If there are any entries in <var title="">candidates</var> that have an associated width
+ that is less than <var title="">max width</var>, then remove them, unless that would remove all
+ the entries, in which case remove only the entries whose associated width is less than the
+ greatest such width.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there are any entries in <var title="">candidates</var> that have an associated height
+ that is less than <var title="">max height</var>, then remove them, unless that would remove all
+ the entries, in which case remove only the entries whose associated height is less than the
+ greatest such height.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there are any entries in <var title="">candidates</var> that have an associated pixel
+ density that is less than a user-agent-defined value giving the nominal pixel density of the
+ display, then remove them, unless that would remove all the entries, in which case remove only
+ the entries whose associated pixel density is less than the greatest such pixel density.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove all the entries in <var title="">candidates</var> that have an associated width
+ that is greater than the smallest such width.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove all the entries in <var title="">candidates</var> that have an associated height
+ that is greater than the smallest such height.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove all the entries in <var title="">candidates</var> that have an associated pixel
+ density that is greater than the smallest such pixel density.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the sole remaining entry in <var title="">candidates</var>,
+ and that entry's associated pixel density.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The user agent may at any time run the following algorithm to update an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>
+ element's image in order to react to changes in the environment. (User agents are <em>not
+ required</em> to ever run this algorithm; for example, if the user is not looking at the page any
+ more, the user agent might want to wait until the user has returned to the page before determining
+ which image to use, in case the environment changes again in the meantime.)</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Asynchronously <a href=#await-a-stable-state>await a stable state</a>. The <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>
+ consists of all the remaining steps of this algorithm until the algorithm says the
+ <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> has ended. (Steps in <a href=#synchronous-section title="synchronous
+ section">synchronous sections</a> are marked with &#x231b;.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; If the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element does not have a <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code> attribute specified, is not in the <a href=#img-all title=img-all>completely available</a> state, has image data whose resource type is
+ <code><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>multipart/x-mixed-replace</a></code>, or if its <a href=#update-the-image-data>update the image data</a> algorithm is
+ running, then abort this algorithm.</li> <!-- we don't support replacing push-JPEG images
+ because defining what happens with the tasks and events and so on in that case would become
+ implausibly complicated. -->
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Let <var title="">selected source</var> and <var title="">selected pixel
+ density</var> be the URL and pixel density that results from <a href=#processing-the-image-candidates>processing the image
+ candidates</a>, respectively.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; If <var title="">selected source</var> is null, then abort these steps.</li>
+ <!-- not sure this can ever actually happen -->
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; If <var title="">selected source</var> and <var title="">selected pixel
+ density</var> are the same as the element's <a href=#last-selected-source>last selected source</a> and <a href=#current-pixel-density>current
+ pixel density</a>, then abort these steps.</li> <!-- note that this check happens before
+ base URL resolution, so changing the base URL doesn't trigger an update if nothing else changed
+ -->
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> <var title="">selected source</var>,
+ relative to the element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Let <var title="">CORS mode</var> be the state of the element's <code title=attr-img-crossorigin><a href=#attr-img-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> content attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; If the <a href=#resolve-a-url>resolve a URL</a> algorithm is not successful, abort these
+ steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>End the <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>, continuing the remaining steps
+ asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Do a <a href=#potentially-cors-enabled-fetch>potentially CORS-enabled fetch</a><!--FETCH--> of the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>, with the <i>mode</i> being <var title="">CORS mode</var>, the <i title="">origin</i>
+ being the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and the
+ <i>default origin behaviour</i> set to <i>taint</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If this download fails in any way (other than the response code not being a 2xx code, as
+ mentioned earlier), or if the image format is unsupported (as determined by applying the <a href=#content-type-sniffing:-image title="Content-Type sniffing: image">image sniffing rules</a>, again as mentioned earlier),
+ or if the resource type is <code><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>multipart/x-mixed-replace</a></code>, then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, wait for the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm to queue its last task, and then
+ continue with these steps. The data obtained in this way is used in the steps below.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code>, <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code>, or <code title=attr-img-crossorigin><a href=#attr-img-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code>
+ attributes have been set, changed, or removed since this algorithm started, then abort these
+ steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's <a href=#last-selected-source>last selected source</a> be <var title="">selected source</var> and the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's <a href=#current-pixel-density>current pixel
+ density</a> be <var title="">selected pixel density</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's image data with the resource obtained by the
+ earlier step of this algorithm. It can be either <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a> or
+ <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a>; this affects the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the image itself (e.g.
+ when used on a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>).</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title="">load</code> at the
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue
+ a task">queued</a> by algorithms in this section is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task
+ source</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>What an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element represents depends on the <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute and the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute is set and the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute is set to the empty string</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The image is either decorative or supplemental to the rest of the content, redundant with
+ some other information in the document.</p>
+
+ <p>If the image is <a href=#img-available title=img-available>available</a> and the user agent is configured
+ to display that image, then the element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the element's image data.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the element <a href=#represents>represents</a> nothing, and may be omitted completely from
+ the rendering. User agents may provide the user with a notification that an image is present but
+ has been omitted from the rendering.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute is set and the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute is set to a value that isn't empty</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The image is a key part of the content; the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute
+ gives a textual equivalent or replacement for the image.</p>
+
+ <p>If the image is <a href=#img-available title=img-available>available</a> and the user agent is configured
+ to display that image, then the element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the element's image data.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the text given by the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute. User agents may provide the user with a notification
+ that an image is present but has been omitted from the rendering.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute is set and the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute is not</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The image might be a key part of the content, and there is no textual equivalent of the image
+ available.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In a conforming document, the absence of the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute indicates that the image is a key part of the content
+ but that a textual replacement for the image was not available when the image was generated.</p>
+
+ <p>If the image is <a href=#img-available title=img-available>available</a> and the user agent is configured
+ to display that image, then the element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the element's image data.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the user agent should display some sort of indicator that there is an image that
+ is not being rendered, and may, if requested by the user, or if so configured, or when required
+ to provide contextual information in response to navigation, provide caption information for the
+ image, derived as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- when editing this list, search for the two other occurrences of 'critical-no-alt' --><!-- NOTE: the order of these steps is important; it's intended to make the innermost caption
+ override the outer ones --><li><p>If the image has a <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute whose value is not
+ the empty string, then the value of that attribute is the caption information; abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+<!--CLEANUP-->
+ <li><p>If the image is a descendant of a <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element that has a child
+ <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> element, and, ignoring the <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> element and its
+ descendants, the <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element has no <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> descendants other
+ than <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a> and the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element, then the contents of the first such
+ <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> element are the caption information; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>There is no caption information.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute is not set and either the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute is set to the empty string or the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute is not set at all</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The element <a href=#represents>represents</a> nothing.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the text given by the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute does not represent advisory information.
+ User agents must not present the contents of the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute
+ in the same way as content of the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may always provide the user with the option to display any image, or to prevent any
+ image from being displayed. User agents may also apply heuristics to help the user make use of the
+ image when the user is unable to see it, e.g. due to a visual disability or because they are using
+ a text terminal with no graphics capabilities. Such heuristics could include, for instance,
+ optical character recognition (OCR) of text found within the image.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>While user agents are encouraged to repair cases of missing <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attributes, authors must not rely on such behavior. <a href=#alt>Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images</a> are described
+ in detail below.</p>
+
+ <p>The <em>contents</em> of <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements, if any, are ignored for the purposes of
+ rendering.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attribute,
+ if present, can indicate that the image has an associated
+ <a href=#image-map>image map</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-img-ismap title=attr-img-ismap><code>ismap</code></dfn>
+ attribute, when used on an element that is a descendant of an
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element with an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute, indicates by its
+ presence that the element provides access to a server-side image
+ map. This affects how events are handled on the corresponding
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-img-ismap><a href=#attr-img-ismap>ismap</a></code> attribute is a
+ <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a>. The attribute must not be specified
+ on an element that does not have an ancestor <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element
+ with an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element supports <a href=#dimension-attributes>dimension
+ attributes</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-img-alt title=dom-img-alt><code>alt</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-img-src title=dom-img-src><code>src</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-img-srcset title=dom-img-srcset><code>srcset</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-img-crossorigin title=dom-img-crossOrigin><code>crossOrigin</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-img-crossorigin><a href=#attr-img-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> content attribute,
+ <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-img-usemap title=dom-img-useMap><code>useMap</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-img-ismap title=dom-img-isMap><code>isMap</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the <code title=attr-img-ismap><a href=#attr-img-ismap>ismap</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">image</var> . <code title=dom-img-width><a href=#dom-img-width>width</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">image</var> . <code title=dom-img-height><a href=#dom-img-height>height</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+<!--CLEANUP-->
+ <p>These attributes return the actual rendered dimensions of the
+ image, or zero if the dimensions are not known.</p>
+
+ <p>They can be set, to change the corresponding content
+ attributes.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">image</var> . <code title=dom-img-naturalWidth><a href=#dom-img-naturalwidth>naturalWidth</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">image</var> . <code title=dom-img-naturalHeight><a href=#dom-img-naturalheight>naturalHeight</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+<!--CLEANUP-->
+ <p>These attributes return the intrinsic dimensions of the image,
+ or zero if the dimensions are not known.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">image</var> . <code title=dom-img-complete><a href=#dom-img-complete>complete</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+<!--CLEANUP-->
+ <p>Returns true if the image has been completely downloaded or if
+ no image is specified; otherwise, returns false.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">image</var> = new <code title=dom-image><a href=#dom-image>Image</a></code>( [ <var title="">width</var> [, <var title="">height</var> ] ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+<!--CLEANUP-->
+ <p>Returns a new <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element, with the <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> and <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code> attributes set to the values
+ passed in the relevant arguments, if applicable.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The IDL attributes <dfn id=dom-img-width title=dom-img-width><code>width</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-img-height title=dom-img-height><code>height</code></dfn> must return the rendered width and height of the
+ image, in CSS pixels, if the image is <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a>, and is being rendered to a
+ visual medium; or else the intrinsic width and height of the image, in CSS pixels, if the image is
+ <i title=img-available><a href=#img-available>available</a></i> but not being rendered to a visual medium; or else 0, if
+ the image is not <i title=img-available><a href=#img-available>available</a></i>. <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>On setting, they must act as if they <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflected</a> the respective
+ content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The IDL attributes <dfn id=dom-img-naturalwidth title=dom-img-naturalWidth><code>naturalWidth</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-img-naturalheight title=dom-img-naturalHeight><code>naturalHeight</code></dfn> must return the intrinsic width and
+ height of the image, in CSS pixels, if the image is <i title=img-available><a href=#img-available>available</a></i>, or
+ else 0. <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The IDL attribute <dfn id=dom-img-complete title=dom-img-complete><code>complete</code></dfn> must return true if
+ any of the following conditions is true:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>Both the <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute and the <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code> attribute are omitted.
+
+ <li>The <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code> attribute is omitted and the <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute's value is the empty string. <!-- we only have this
+ hack for src="", not srcset=""; present but empty or bogus srcset="" still means complete=false
+ if it's not in the img-error state -->
+
+ <li>The final <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a
+ task">queued</a> by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> once the resource has been <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> has been <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a>.
+
+ <li>The <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element is <a href=#img-all title=img-all>completely available</a>.
+
+ <li>The <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element is <a href=#img-error title=img-error>broken</a>.
+
+ </ul><p>Otherwise, the attribute must return false.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The value of <code title=dom-img-complete><a href=#dom-img-complete>complete</a></code> can thus change while
+ a <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> is executing.</p>
+
+ <p>A constructor is provided for creating <code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code> objects (in addition to
+ the factory methods from DOM such as <code title="">createElement()</code>): <dfn id=dom-image title=dom-image><code>Image(<var title="">width</var>, <var title="">height</var>)</code></dfn>.
+ When invoked as a constructor, this must return a new <code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code> object (a new
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element). If the <var title="">width</var> argument is present, the new object's
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> content attribute must be set to <var title="">width</var>. If the <var title="">height</var> argument is also present, the new object's
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code> content attribute must be set to <var title="">height</var>. The element's document must be the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which the interface object of
+ the invoked constructor is found.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A single image can have different appropriate alternative text depending on the context.</p>
+
+ <p>In each of the following cases, the same image is used, yet the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> text is different each time. The image is the coat of arms of the
+ Carouge municipality in the canton Geneva in Switzerland.</p>
+
+ <p>Here it is used as a supplementary icon:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;I lived in &lt;img src="carouge.svg" alt=""&gt; Carouge.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here it is used as an icon representing the town:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Home town: &lt;img src="carouge.svg" alt="Carouge"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here it is used as part of a text on the town:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Carouge has a coat of arms.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="carouge.svg" alt="The coat of arms depicts a lion, sitting in front of a tree."&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;It is used as decoration all over the town.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here it is used as a way to support a similar text where the description is given as well as,
+ instead of as an alternative to, the image:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Carouge has a coat of arms.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="carouge.svg" alt=""&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;The coat of arms depicts a lion, sitting in front of a tree.
+It is used as decoration all over the town.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here it is used as part of a story:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;He picked up the folder and a piece of paper fell out.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="carouge.svg" alt="Shaped like a shield, the paper had a
+red background, a green tree, and a yellow lion with its tongue
+hanging out and whose tail was shaped like an S."&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;He stared at the folder. S! The answer he had been looking for all
+this time was simply the letter S! How had he not seen that before? It all
+came together now. The phone call where Hector had referred to a lion's tail,
+the time Marco had stuck his tongue out...&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here it is not known at the time of publication what the image will be, only that it will be a
+ coat of arms of some kind, and thus no replacement text can be provided, and instead only a brief
+ caption for the image is provided, in the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The last user to have uploaded a coat of arms uploaded this one:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="last-uploaded-coat-of-arms.cgi" title="User-uploaded coat of arms."&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Ideally, the author would find a way to provide real replacement text even in this case, e.g.
+ by asking the previous user. Not providing replacement text makes the document more difficult to
+ use for people who are unable to view images, e.g. blind users, or users or very low-bandwidth
+ connections or who pay by the byte, or users who are forced to use a text-only Web browser.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here are some more examples showing the same picture used in different contexts, with
+ different appropriate alternate texts each time.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My cats&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Fluffy&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Fluffy is my favorite.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;img src="fluffy.jpg" alt="She likes playing with a ball of yarn."&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;She's just too cute.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Miles&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My other cat, Miles just eats and sleeps.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Photography&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Shooting moving targets indoors&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The trick here is to know how to anticipate; to know at what speed and
+ what distance the subject will pass by.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;img src="fluffy.jpg" alt="A cat flying by, chasing a ball of yarn, can be
+ photographed quite nicely using this technique."&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Nature by night&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;To achieve this, you'll need either an extremely sensitive film, or
+ immense flash lights.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;About me&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;My pets&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I've got a cat named Fluffy and a dog named Miles.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;img src="fluffy.jpg" alt="Fluffy, my cat, tends to keep itself busy."&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My dog Miles and I like go on long walks together.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;music&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;After our walks, having emptied my mind, I like listening to Bach.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Fluffy and the Yarn&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Fluffy was a cat who liked to play with yarn. He also liked to jump.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;aside&gt;&lt;img src="fluffy.jpg" alt="" title="Fluffy"&gt;&lt;/aside&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;He would play in the morning, he would play in the evening.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- END OF PICTURE SECTION -->
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=alt><span class=secno>4.7.1.1 </span>Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for images</h5>
+
+
+ <h6 id=general-guidelines><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.1 </span>General guidelines</h6>
+
+ <p>Except where otherwise specified, the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute must be
+ specified and its value must not be empty; the value must be an appropriate replacement for the
+ image. The specific requirements for the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute depend on
+ what the image is intended to represent, as described in the following sections.</p>
+
+ <p>The most general rule to consider when writing alternative text is the following: <strong>the
+ intent is that replacing every image with the text of its <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code>
+ attribute not change the meaning of the page</strong>.</p>
+
+ <p>So, in general, alternative text can be written by considering what one would have written had
+ one not been able to include the image.</p>
+
+ <p>A corollary to this is that the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute's value should
+ never contain text that could be considered the image's <em><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></em>, <em><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></em>, or
+ <em><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></em>. It is supposed to contain replacement text that could be used by users
+ <em>instead</em> of the image; it is not meant to supplement the image. The <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute can be used for supplemental information.</p>
+
+ <p>Another corollary is that the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute's value should
+ not repeat information that is already provided in the prose next to the image.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>One way to think of alternative text is to think about how you would read the page
+ containing the image to someone over the phone, without mentioning that there is an image present.
+ Whatever you say instead of the image is typically a good start for writing the alternative
+ text.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=a-link-or-button-containing-nothing-but-the-image><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.2 </span>A link or button containing nothing but the image</h6>
+
+ <p>When an <a href=#the-a-element>a</a> element that creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>, or a <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>
+ element, has no textual content but contains one or more images, the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attributes must contain text that together convey the purpose of
+ the link or button.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a user is asked to pick his preferred color from a list of three. Each color
+ is given by an image, but for users who have configured their user agent not to display images,
+ the color names are used instead:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;Pick your color&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="green.html"&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="green.jpeg" alt="Green"&gt;</strong>&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="blue.html"&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="blue.jpeg" alt="Blue"&gt;</strong>&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="red.html"&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="red.jpeg" alt="Red"&gt;</strong>&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, each button has a set of images to indicate the kind of color output desired
+ by the user. The first image is used in each case to give the alternative text.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;button name="rgb"&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="red" alt="RGB"&gt;&lt;img src="green" alt=""&gt;&lt;img src="blue" alt=""&gt;</strong>&lt;/button&gt;
+&lt;button name="cmyk"&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="cyan" alt="CMYK"&gt;&lt;img src="magenta" alt=""&gt;&lt;img src="yellow" alt=""&gt;&lt;img src="black" alt=""&gt;</strong>&lt;/button&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Since each image represents one part of the text, it could also be written like this:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;button name="rgb"&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="red" alt="R"&gt;&lt;img src="green" alt="G"&gt;&lt;img src="blue" alt="B"&gt;</strong>&lt;/button&gt;
+&lt;button name="cmyk"&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="cyan" alt="C"&gt;&lt;img src="magenta" alt="M"&gt;&lt;img src="yellow" alt="Y"&gt;&lt;img src="black" alt="K"&gt;</strong>&lt;/button&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>However, with other alternative text, this might not work, and putting all the alternative
+ text into one image in each case might make more sense:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;button name="rgb"&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="red" alt="sRGB profile"&gt;&lt;img src="green" alt=""&gt;&lt;img src="blue" alt=""&gt;</strong>&lt;/button&gt;
+&lt;button name="cmyk"&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="cyan" alt="CMYK profile"&gt;&lt;img src="magenta" alt=""&gt;&lt;img src="yellow" alt=""&gt;&lt;img src="black" alt=""&gt;</strong>&lt;/button&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=a-phrase-or-paragraph-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-charts,-diagrams,-graphs,-maps,-illustrations><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.3 </span>A phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical representation: charts, diagrams, graphs, maps, illustrations</h6>
+
+ <p>Sometimes something can be more clearly stated in graphical form, for example as a flowchart, a
+ diagram, a graph, or a simple map showing directions. In such cases, an image can be given using
+ the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element, but the lesser textual version must still be given, so that users
+ who are unable to view the image (e.g. because they have a very slow connection, or because they
+ are using a text-only browser, or because they are listening to the page being read out by a
+ hands-free automobile voice Web browser, or simply because they are blind) are still able to
+ understand the message being conveyed.</p>
+
+ <p>The text must be given in the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute, and must convey
+ the same message as the image specified in the <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>It is important to realise that the alternative text is a <em>replacement</em> for the image,
+ not a description of the image.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example we have <a href=images/parsing-model-overview.png>a flowchart</a>
+ in image form, with text in the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute rephrasing the
+ flowchart in prose form:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;In the common case, the data handled by the tokenization stage
+comes from the network, but it can also come from script.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="images/parsing-model-overview.png" alt="The Network
+passes data to the Input Stream Preprocessor, which passes it to the
+Tokenizer, which passes it to the Tree Construction stage. From there,
+data goes to both the DOM and to Script Execution. Script Execution is
+linked to the DOM, and, using document.write(), passes data to the
+Tokenizer."&gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here's another example, showing a good solution and a bad solution to the problem of including
+ an image in a description.</p>
+
+ <p>First, here's the good solution. This sample shows how the alternative text should just be
+ what you would have put in the prose if the image had never existed.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!-- This is the correct way to do things. --&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;
+ You are standing in an open field west of a house.
+ <strong>&lt;img src="house.jpeg" alt="The house is white, with a boarded front door."&gt;</strong>
+ There is a small mailbox here.
+&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Second, here's the bad solution. In this incorrect way of doing things, the alternative text
+ is simply a description of the image, instead of a textual replacement for the image. It's bad
+ because when the image isn't shown, the text doesn't flow as well as in the first example.</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;!-- <em>This is the wrong way to do things.</em> --&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;
+ You are standing in an open field west of a house.
+ &lt;img src="house.jpeg" alt="A white house, with a boarded front door."&gt;
+ There is a small mailbox here.
+&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Text such as "Photo of white house with boarded door" would be equally bad alternative text
+ (though it could be suitable for the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute or in the
+ <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> element of a <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> with this image).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=a-short-phrase-or-label-with-an-alternative-graphical-representation:-icons,-logos><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.4 </span>A short phrase or label with an alternative graphical representation: icons, logos</h6>
+
+ <p>A document can contain information in iconic form. The icon is intended to help users of visual
+ browsers to recognise features at a glance.</p>
+
+ <p>In some cases, the icon is supplemental to a text label conveying the same meaning. In those
+ cases, the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute must be present but must be empty.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here the icons are next to text that conveys the same meaning, so they have an empty <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/help/"&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="/icons/help.png" alt=""&gt;</strong> Help&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/configure/"&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="/icons/configuration.png" alt=""&gt;</strong>
+ Configuration Tools&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/nav&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>In other cases, the icon has no text next to it describing what it means; the icon is supposed
+ to be self-explanatory. In those cases, an equivalent textual label must be given in the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, posts on a news site are labeled with an icon indicating their topic.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Ratatouille wins &lt;i&gt;Best Movie of the Year&lt;/i&gt; award&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="movies.png" alt="Movies"&gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Pixar has won yet another &lt;i&gt;Best Movie of the Year&lt;/i&gt; award,
+ making this its 8th win in the last 12 years.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Latest TWiT episode is online&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="podcasts.png" alt="Podcasts"&gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The latest TWiT episode has been posted, in which we hear
+ several tech news stories as well as learning much more about the
+ iPhone. This week, the panelists compare how reflective their
+ iPhones' Apple logos are.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Many pages include logos, insignia, flags, or emblems, which stand for a particular entity such
+ as a company, organization, project, band, software package, country, or some such.</p>
+
+ <p>If the logo is being used to represent the entity, e.g. as a page heading, the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute must contain the name of the entity being represented by
+ the logo. The <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute must <em>not</em> contain text like
+ the word "logo", as it is not the fact that it is a logo that is being conveyed, it's the entity
+ itself.</p>
+
+ <p>If the logo is being used next to the name of the entity that it represents, then the logo is
+ supplemental, and its <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute must instead be empty.</p>
+
+ <p>If the logo is merely used as decorative material (as branding, or, for example, as a side
+ image in an article that mentions the entity to which the logo belongs), then the entry below on
+ purely decorative images applies. If the logo is actually being discussed, then it is being used
+ as a phrase or paragraph (the description of the logo) with an alternative graphical
+ representation (the logo itself), and the first entry above applies.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following snippets, all four of the above cases are present. First, we see a logo used
+ to represent a company:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="XYZ.gif" alt="The XYZ company"&gt;</strong>&lt;/h1&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Next, we see a paragraph which uses a logo right next to the company name, and so doesn't have
+ any alternative text:
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;News&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;We have recently been looking at buying the <strong>&lt;img src="alpha.gif"
+ alt=""&gt; &Alpha;&Beta;&Gamma; company</strong>, a small Greek company
+ specializing in our type of product.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In this third snippet, we have a logo being used in an aside, as part of the larger article
+ discussing the acquisition:</p>
+
+<pre> <strong>&lt;aside&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="alpha-large.gif" alt=""&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/aside&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;p&gt;The &Alpha;&Beta;&Gamma; company has had a good quarter, and our
+ pie chart studies of their accounts suggest a much bigger blue slice
+ than its green and orange slices, which is always a good sign.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Finally, we have an opinion piece talking about a logo, and the logo is therefore described in
+ detail in the alternative text.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Consider for a moment their logo:&lt;/p&gt;
+
+<strong>&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/images/logo" alt="It consists of a green circle with a
+green question mark centered inside it."&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</strong>
+
+&lt;p&gt;How unoriginal can you get? I mean, oooooh, a question mark, how
+&lt;em&gt;revolutionary&lt;/em&gt;, how utterly &lt;em&gt;ground-breaking&lt;/em&gt;, I'm
+sure everyone will rush to adopt those specifications now! They could
+at least have tried for some sort of, I don't know, sequence of
+rounded squares with varying shades of green and bold white outlines,
+at least that would look good on the cover of a blue book.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This example shows how the alternative text should be written such that if the image isn't <i title=img-available><a href=#img-available>available</a></i>, and the text is used instead, the text flows seamlessly into
+ the surrounding text, as if the image had never been there in the first place.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=text-that-has-been-rendered-to-a-graphic-for-typographical-effect><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.5 </span>Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect</h6>
+
+ <p>Sometimes, an image just consists of text, and the purpose of the image is not to highlight the
+ actual typographic effects used to render the text, but just to convey the text itself.</p>
+
+ <p>In such cases, the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute must be present but must
+ consist of the same text as written in the image itself.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider a graphic containing the text "Earth Day", but with the letters all decorated with
+ flowers and plants. If the text is merely being used as a heading, to spice up the page for
+ graphical users, then the correct alternative text is just the same text "Earth Day", and no
+ mention need be made of the decorations:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="earthdayheading.png" alt="Earth Day"&gt;</strong>&lt;/h1&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>An illuminated manuscript might use graphics for some of its images. The alternative text in
+ such a situation is just the character that the image represents.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="initials/o.svg" alt="O"&gt;nce upon a time and a long long time ago, late at
+night, when it was dark, over the hills, through the woods, across a great ocean, in a land far
+away, in a small house, on a hill, under a full moon...</pre> <!-- The End. -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>When an image is used to represent a character that cannot otherwise be represented in Unicode,
+ for example gaiji, itaiji, or new characters such as novel currency symbols, the alternative text
+ should be a more conventional way of writing the same thing, e.g. using the phonetic hiragana or
+ katakana to give the character's pronunciation.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example from 1997, a new-fangled currency symbol that looks like a curly E with two
+ bars in the middle instead of one is represented using an image. The alternative text gives the
+ character's pronunication.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Only &lt;img src="euro.png" alt="euro "&gt;5.99!</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>An image should not be used if Unicode characters would serve an identical purpose. Only when
+ the text cannot be directly represented using Unicode, e.g. because of decorations or because the
+ character is not in the Unicode character set (as in the case of gaiji), would an image be
+ appropriate.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If an author is tempted to use an image because their default system font does not
+ support a given character, then Web Fonts are a better solution than images.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=a-graphical-representation-of-some-of-the-surrounding-text><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.6 </span>A graphical representation of some of the surrounding text</h6>
+
+ <p>In many cases, the image is actually just supplementary, and its presence merely reinforces the
+ surrounding text. In these cases, the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute must be
+ present but its value must be the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>In general, an image falls into this category if removing the image doesn't make the page any
+ less useful, but including the image makes it a lot easier for users of visual browsers to
+ understand the concept.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A flowchart that repeats the previous paragraph in graphical form:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The Network passes data to the Input Stream Preprocessor, which
+passes it to the Tokenizer, which passes it to the Tree Construction
+stage. From there, data goes to both the DOM and to Script Execution.
+Script Execution is linked to the DOM, and, using document.write(),
+passes data to the Tokenizer.&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong>&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="images/parsing-model-overview.png" alt=""&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ <p>In these cases, it would be wrong to include alternative text that consists of just a caption.
+ If a caption is to be included, then either the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute
+ can be used, or the <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> elements can be used. In the
+ latter case, the image would in fact be a phrase or paragraph with an alternative graphical
+ representation, and would thus require alternative text.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!-- Using the title="" attribute --&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;The Network passes data to the Input Stream Preprocessor, which
+passes it to the Tokenizer, which passes it to the Tree Construction
+stage. From there, data goes to both the DOM and to Script Execution.
+Script Execution is linked to the DOM, and, using document.write(),
+passes data to the Tokenizer.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="images/parsing-model-overview.png" alt=""
+ title="Flowchart representation of the parsing model."&gt;</strong>&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!-- Using &lt;figure&gt; and &lt;figcaption&gt; --&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;The Network passes data to the Input Stream Preprocessor, which
+passes it to the Tokenizer, which passes it to the Tree Construction
+stage. From there, data goes to both the DOM and to Script Execution.
+Script Execution is linked to the DOM, and, using document.write(),
+passes data to the Tokenizer.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;figure&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;img src="images/parsing-model-overview.png" alt="The Network leads to
+ the Input Stream Preprocessor, which leads to the Tokenizer, which
+ leads to the Tree Construction stage. The Tree Construction stage
+ leads to two items. The first is Script Execution, which leads via
+ document.write() back to the Tokenizer. The second item from which
+ Tree Construction leads is the DOM. The DOM is related to the Script
+ Execution."&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Flowchart representation of the parsing model.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;!-- This is WRONG. Do not do this. Instead, do what the above examples do. --&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;The Network passes data to the Input Stream Preprocessor, which
+passes it to the Tokenizer, which passes it to the Tree Construction
+stage. From there, data goes to both the DOM and to Script Execution.
+Script Execution is linked to the DOM, and, using document.write(),
+passes data to the Tokenizer.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="images/parsing-model-overview.png"
+ alt="Flowchart representation of the parsing model."&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;!-- Never put the image's caption in the alt="" attribute! --&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A graph that repeats the previous paragraph in graphical form:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;According to a study covering several billion pages,
+about 62% of documents on the Web in 2007 triggered the Quirks
+rendering mode of Web browsers, about 30% triggered the Almost
+Standards mode, and about 9% triggered the Standards mode.&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong>&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="rendering-mode-pie-chart.png" alt=""&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id="a-purely-decorative-image-that-doesn't-add-any-information"><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.7 </span>A purely decorative image that doesn't add any information</h6>
+
+ <p>If an image is decorative but isn't especially page-specific &mdash; for example an image that
+ forms part of a site-wide design scheme &mdash; the image should be specified in the site's CSS,
+ not in the markup of the document.</p>
+
+ <p>However, a decorative image that isn't discussed by the surrounding text but still has some
+ relevance can be included in a page using the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element. Such images are
+ decorative, but still form part of the content. In these cases, the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute must be present but its value must be the empty
+ string.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Examples where the image is purely decorative despite being relevant would include things like
+ a photo of the Black Rock City landscape in a blog post about an event at Burning Man, or an
+ image of a painting inspired by a poem, on a page reciting that poem. The following snippet shows
+ an example of the latter case (only the first verse is included in this snippet):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;The Lady of Shalott&lt;/h1&gt;
+<strong>&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="shalott.jpeg" alt=""&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</strong>
+&lt;p&gt;On either side the river lie&lt;br&gt;
+Long fields of barley and of rye,&lt;br&gt;
+That clothe the wold and meet the sky;&lt;br&gt;
+And through the field the road run by&lt;br&gt;
+To many-tower'd Camelot;&lt;br&gt;
+And up and down the people go,&lt;br&gt;
+Gazing where the lilies blow&lt;br&gt;
+Round an island there below,&lt;br&gt;
+The island of Shalott.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-no-links><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.8 </span>A group of images that form a single larger picture with no links</h6>
+
+ <p>When a picture has been sliced into smaller image files that are then displayed together to
+ form the complete picture again, one of the images must have its <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute set as per the relevant rules that would be appropriate
+ for the picture as a whole, and then all the remaining images must have their <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute set to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, a picture representing a company logo for <span title="">XYZ
+ Corp</span> has been split into two pieces, the first containing the letters "XYZ" and the second
+ with the word "Corp". The alternative text ("XYZ Corp") is all in the first image.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="logo1.png" alt="XYZ Corp"&gt;&lt;img src="logo2.png" alt=""&gt;</strong>&lt;/h1&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, a rating is shown as three filled stars and two empty stars. While
+ the alternative text could have been "&bigstar;&bigstar;&bigstar;&star;&star;", the author has
+ instead decided to more helpfully give the rating in the form "3 out of 5". That is the
+ alternative text of the first image, and the rest have blank alternative text.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Rating: &lt;meter max=5 value=3&gt;<strong>&lt;img src="1" alt="3 out of 5"
+ &gt;&lt;img src="1" alt=""&gt;&lt;img src="1" alt=""&gt;&lt;img src="0" alt=""
+ &gt;&lt;img src="0" alt=""&gt;</strong>&lt;/meter&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=a-group-of-images-that-form-a-single-larger-picture-with-links><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.9 </span>A group of images that form a single larger picture with links</h6>
+
+ <p>Generally, <a href=#image-map title="image map">image maps</a> should be used instead of slicing an image
+ for links.</p>
+
+ <p>However, if an image is indeed sliced and any of the components of the sliced picture are the
+ sole contents of links, then one image per link must have alternative text in its <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute representing the purpose of the link.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, a picture representing the flying spaghetti monster emblem, with
+ each of the left noodly appendages and the right noodly appendages in different images, so that
+ the user can pick the left side or the right side in an adventure.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;The Church&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;You come across a flying spaghetti monster. Which side of His
+Noodliness do you wish to reach out for?&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong>&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="?go=left" &gt;&lt;img src="fsm-left.png" alt="Left side. "&gt;&lt;/a
+ &gt;&lt;img src="fsm-middle.png" alt=""
+ &gt;&lt;a href="?go=right"&gt;&lt;img src="fsm-right.png" alt="Right side."&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=a-key-part-of-the-content><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.10 </span>A key part of the content</h6>
+
+ <p>In some cases, the image is a critical part of the content. This could be the case, for
+ instance, on a page that is part of a photo gallery. The image is the whole <em>point</em> of the
+ page containing it.</p>
+
+ <p>How to provide alternative text for an image that is a key part of the content depends on the
+ image's provenance.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The general case</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>When it is possible for detailed alternative text to be provided, for example if the image is
+ part of a series of screenshots in a magazine review, or part of a comic strip, or is a
+ photograph in a blog entry about that photograph, text that can serve as a substitute for the
+ image must be given as the contents of the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A screenshot in a gallery of screenshots for a new OS, with some alternative text:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;img src="KDE%20Light%20desktop.png"
+ alt="The desktop is blue, with icons along the left hand side in
+ two columns, reading System, Home, K-Mail, etc. A window is
+ open showing that menus wrap to a second line if they
+ cannot fit in the window. The window has a list of icons
+ along the top, with an address bar below it, a list of
+ icons for tabs along the left edge, a status bar on the
+ bottom, and two panes in the middle. The desktop has a bar
+ at the bottom of the screen with a few buttons, a pager, a
+ list of open applications, and a clock."&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Screenshot of a KDE desktop.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A graph in a financial report:</p>
+
+ <pre><strong>&lt;img src="sales.gif"
+ title="Sales graph"
+ alt="From 1998 to 2005, sales increased by the following percentages
+ with each year: 624%, 75%, 138%, 40%, 35%, 9%, 21%"&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ <p>Note that "sales graph" would be inadequate alternative text for a sales graph. Text that
+ would be a good <em><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></em> is not generally suitable as replacement text.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Images that defy a complete description</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>In certain cases, the nature of the image might be such that providing thorough alternative
+ text is impractical. For example, the image could be indistinct, or could be a complex fractal,
+ or could be a detailed topographical map.</p>
+
+ <p>In these cases, the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute must contain some
+ suitable alternative text, but it may be somewhat brief.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Sometimes there simply is no text that can do justice to an image. For example, there is
+ little that can be said to usefully describe a Rorschach inkblot test. However, a description,
+ even if brief, is still better than nothing:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;img src="/commons/a/a7/Rorschach1.jpg" alt="A shape with left-right
+ symmetry with indistinct edges, with a small gap in the center, two
+ larger gaps offset slightly from the center, with two similar gaps
+ under them. The outline is wider in the top half than the bottom
+ half, with the sides extending upwards higher than the center, and
+ the center extending below the sides."&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;A black outline of the first of the ten cards
+ in the Rorschach inkblot test.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Note that the following would be a very bad use of alternative text:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;!-- This example is wrong. Do not copy it. --&gt;
+&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;img src="/commons/a/a7/Rorschach1.jpg" alt="A black outline
+ of the first of the ten cards in the Rorschach inkblot test."&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;A black outline of the first of the ten cards
+ in the Rorschach inkblot test.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Including the caption in the alternative text like this isn't useful because it effectively
+ duplicates the caption for users who don't have images, taunting them twice yet not helping
+ them any more than if they had only read or heard the caption once.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Another example of an image that defies full description is a fractal, which, by definition,
+ is infinite in detail.</p>
+
+ <p>The following example shows one possible way of providing alternative text for the full view
+ of an image of the Mandelbrot set.</p>
+
+ <pre><strong>&lt;img src="ms1.jpeg" alt="The Mandelbrot set appears as a cardioid with
+its cusp on the real axis in the positive direction, with a smaller
+bulb aligned along the same center line, touching it in the negative
+direction, and with these two shapes being surrounded by smaller bulbs
+of various sizes."&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Similarly, a photograph of a person's face, for example in a biography, can be considered
+ quite relevant and key to the content, but it can be hard to fully substitute text for </p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section class="bio"&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;A Biography of Isaac Asimov&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Born &lt;b&gt;Isaak Yudovich Ozimov&lt;/b&gt; in 1920, Isaac was a prolific author.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="headpics/asimov.jpeg" alt="Isaac Asimov had dark hair, a tall forehead, and wore glasses.
+ Later in life, he wore long white sideburns."&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Asimov was born in Russia, and moved to the US when he was three years old.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;...
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In such cases it is unnecessary (and indeed discouraged) to include a reference to the
+ presence of the image itself in the alternative text, since such text would be redundant with
+ the browser itself reporting the presence of the image. For example, if the alternative text
+ was "A photo of Isaac Asimov", then a conforming user agent might read that out as "(Image) A
+ photo of Isaac Asimov" rather than the more useful "(Image) Isaac Asimov had dark hair, a tall
+ forehead, and wore glasses...".</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=unknown-images>Images whose contents are not known</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>In some unfortunate cases, there might be no alternative text available at all, either
+ because the image is obtained in some automated fashion without any associated alternative text
+ (e.g. a Webcam), or because the page is being generated by a script using user-provided images
+ where the user did not provide suitable or usable alternative text (e.g. photograph sharing
+ sites), or because the author does not himself know what the images represent (e.g. a blind
+ photographer sharing an image on his blog).</p>
+
+ <p>In such cases, the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute may be omitted, but one of
+ the following conditions must be met as well:</p>
+
+ <ul><!-- when editing this list, search for the two other occurrences of 'critical-no-alt' --><!-- NOTE: the order of these steps is important; it's intended to encourage using <figcaption>
+ rather than title="" --><li id=figcaption-as-alt-condition><p>The <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element is in a
+ <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element that contains a <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> element that contains
+ content other than <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a>, and, ignoring the
+ <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> element and its descendants, the <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element has no
+ <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> descendants other than <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a> and the
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute is present and has a non-empty
+ value.</p>
+
+ <!-- search for title-warning if modifying this paragraph -->
+ <p class=note>Relying on the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute is currently
+ discouraged as many user agents do not expose the attribute in an accessible manner as
+ required by this specification (e.g. requiring a pointing device such as a mouse to cause a
+ tooltip to appear, which excludes keyboard-only users and touch-only users, such as anyone
+ with a modern phone or tablet).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>Such cases are to be kept to an absolute minimum. If there is even the slightest
+ possibility of the author having the ability to provide real alternative text, then it would not
+ be acceptable to omit the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A photo on a photo-sharing site, if the site received the image with no metadata other than
+ the caption, could be marked up as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;img src="1100670787_6a7c664aef.jpg"&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Bubbles traveled everywhere with us.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>It would be better, however, if a detailed description of the important parts of the image
+ obtained from the user and included on the page.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A blind user's blog in which a photo taken by the user is shown. Initially, the user might
+ not have any idea what the photo he took shows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;I took a photo&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I went out today and took a photo!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;figure&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;img src="photo2.jpeg"&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;A photograph taken blindly from my front porch.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;/figure&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Eventually though, the user might obtain a description of the image from his friends and
+ could then include alternative text:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;I took a photo&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I went out today and took a photo!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;figure&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;img src="photo2.jpeg" alt="The photograph shows my squirrel
+ feeder hanging from the edge of my roof. It is half full, but there
+ are no squirrels around. In the background, out-of-focus trees fill the
+ shot. The feeder is made of wood with a metal grate, and it contains
+ peanuts. The edge of the roof is wooden too, and is painted white
+ with light blue streaks."&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;A photograph taken blindly from my front porch.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;/figure&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Sometimes the entire point of the image is that a textual description is not available, and
+ the user is to provide the description. For instance, the point of a CAPTCHA image is to see if
+ the user can literally read the graphic. Here is one way to mark up a CAPTCHA (note the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;What does this image say?
+<strong>&lt;img src="captcha.cgi?id=8934" title="CAPTCHA"&gt;</strong>
+&lt;input type=text name=captcha&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+(If you cannot see the image, you can use an &lt;a
+href="?audio"&gt;audio&lt;/a&gt; test instead.)&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Another example would be software that displays images and asks for alternative text
+ precisely for the purpose of then writing a page with correct alternative text. Such a page
+ could have a table of images, like this:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt; Image &lt;th&gt; Description
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; <strong>&lt;img src="2421.png" title="Image 640 by 100, filename 'banner.gif'"&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;input name="alt2421"&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; <strong>&lt;img src="2422.png" title="Image 200 by 480, filename 'ad3.gif'"&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;input name="alt2422"&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Notice that even in this example, as much useful information as possible is still included
+ in the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>Since some users cannot use images at all (e.g. because they have a very slow
+ connection, or because they are using a text-only browser, or because they are listening to the
+ page being read out by a hands-free automobile voice Web browser, or simply because they are
+ blind), the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute is only allowed to be omitted rather
+ than being provided with replacement text when no alternative text is available and none can be
+ made available, as in the above examples. Lack of effort from the part of the author is not an
+ acceptable reason for omitting the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=an-image-not-intended-for-the-user><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.11 </span>An image not intended for the user</h6>
+
+ <p>Generally authors should avoid using <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements for purposes other than showing
+ images.</p>
+
+ <p>If an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element is being used for purposes other than showing an image, e.g. as
+ part of a service to count page views, then the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute
+ must be the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>In such cases, the <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> and <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code> attributes should both be set to zero.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=an-image-in-an-e-mail-or-private-document-intended-for-a-specific-person-who-is-known-to-be-able-to-view-images><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.12 </span>An image in an e-mail or private document intended for a specific person who is known to be able to view images</h6>
+
+ <p><i>This section does not apply to documents that are publicly accessible, or whose target
+ audience is not necessarily personally known to the author, such as documents on a Web site,
+ e-mails sent to public mailing lists, or software documentation.</i></p>
+
+ <p>When an image is included in a private communication (such as an HTML e-mail) aimed at a
+ specific person who is known to be able to view images, the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code>
+ attribute may be omitted. However, even in such cases authors are strongly urged to include
+ alternative text (as appropriate according to the kind of image involved, as described in the
+ above entries), so that the e-mail is still usable should the user use a mail client that does not
+ support images, or should the document be forwarded on to other users whose abilities might not
+ include easily seeing images.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h6 id=guidance-for-markup-generators><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.13 </span>Guidance for markup generators</h6>
+
+ <p>Markup generators (such as WYSIWYG authoring tools) should, wherever possible, obtain
+ alternative text from their users. However, it is recognised that in many cases, this will not be
+ possible.</p>
+
+ <p>For images that are the sole contents of links, markup generators should examine the link
+ target to determine the title of the target, or the URL of the target, and use information
+ obtained in this manner as the alternative text.</p>
+
+ <p>For images that have captions, markup generators should use the <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> elements, or the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute, to
+ provide the image's caption.</p>
+
+ <p>As a last resort, implementors should either set the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code>
+ attribute to the empty string, under the assumption that the image is a purely decorative image
+ that doesn't add any information but is still specific to the surrounding content, or omit the
+ <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute altogether, under the assumption that the image is
+ a key part of the content.</p>
+
+ <p>Markup generators may specify a <dfn id=attr-img-generator-unable-to-provide-required-alt title=attr-img-generator-unable-to-provide-required-alt><code>generator-unable-to-provide-required-alt</code></dfn>
+ attribute on <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements for which they have been unable to obtain alternative text
+ and for which they have therefore omitted the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute. The
+ value of this attribute must be the empty string. Documents containing such attributes are not
+ conforming, but conformance checkers will <a href=#guidance-for-conformance-checkers>silently
+ ignore</a> this error.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is intended to avoid markup generators from being pressured into replacing
+ the error of omitting the <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute with the even more
+ egregious error of providing phony alternative text, because state-of-the-art automated
+ conformance checkers cannot distinguish phony alternative text from correct alternative text.</p>
+
+ <p>Markup generators should generally avoid using the image's own file name as the alternative
+ text. Similarly, markup generators should avoid generating alternative text from any content that
+ will be equally available to presentation user agents (e.g. Web browsers).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is because once a page is generated, it will typically not be updated,
+ whereas the browsers that later read the page can be updated by the user, therefore the browser is
+ likely to have more up-to-date and finely-tuned heuristics than the markup generator did when
+ generating the page.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h6 id=guidance-for-conformance-checkers><span class=secno>4.7.1.1.14 </span>Guidance for conformance checkers</h6>
+
+ <p>A conformance checker must report the lack of an <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code>
+ attribute as an error unless one of the conditions listed below applies:</p>
+
+ <ul><!-- when editing this list, search for the two other occurrences of 'critical-no-alt' --><li><p>The <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element is in a <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element that satisfies <a href=#figcaption-as-alt-condition>the conditions described above</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute with a
+ value that is not the empty string (also as <a href=#unknown-images>described
+ above</a>).</li>
+
+ <!-- the following are additional entries not included in the aforementioned list, as they apply
+ only to conformance checkers -->
+
+ <li><p>The conformance checker has been configured to assume that the document is an e-mail or
+ document intended for a specific person who is known to be able to view images.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element has a (non-conforming) <code title=attr-img-generator-unable-to-provide-required-alt><a href=#attr-img-generator-unable-to-provide-required-alt>generator-unable-to-provide-required-alt</a></code>
+ attribute whose value is the empty string. A conformance checker that is not reporting the lack
+ of an <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute as an error must also not report the
+ presence of the empty <code title=attr-img-generator-unable-to-provide-required-alt><a href=#attr-img-generator-unable-to-provide-required-alt>generator-unable-to-provide-required-alt</a></code>
+ attribute as an error. (This case does not represent a case where the document is conforming,
+ only that the generator could not determine appropriate alternative text &mdash; validators are
+ not required to show an error in this case, because such an error might encourage markup
+ generators to include bogus alternative text purely in an attempt to silence validators.
+ Naturally, conformance checkers <em>may</em> report the lack of an <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code> attribute as an error even in the presence of the <code title=attr-img-generator-unable-to-provide-required-alt><a href=#attr-img-generator-unable-to-provide-required-alt>generator-unable-to-provide-required-alt</a></code>
+ attribute; for example, there could be a user option to report <em>all</em> conformance errors
+ even those that might be the more or less inevitable result of using a markup
+ generator.)</li>
+
+ </ul></div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-iframe-element><span class=secno>4.7.2 </span>The <dfn><code>iframe</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#embedded-content-category>Embedded content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Text that conforms to <a href=#iframe-content-model>the requirements given in the prose</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-iframe-src><a href=#attr-iframe-src>src</a></code> &mdash; Address of the resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> &mdash; A document to render in the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-iframe-name><a href=#attr-iframe-name>name</a></code> &mdash; Name of <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code> &mdash; Security rules for nested content</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-iframe-seamless><a href=#attr-iframe-seamless>seamless</a></code> &mdash; Whether to apply the document's styles to the nested content</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-iframe-allowfullscreen><a href=#attr-iframe-allowfullscreen>allowfullscreen</a></code> &mdash; Whether to allow the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>'s contents to use <code title=dom-element-requestFullscreen><a href=#dom-element-requestfullscreen>requestFullscreen()</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> &mdash; Horizontal dimension</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code> &mdash; Vertical dimension</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmliframeelement>HTMLIFrameElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-iframe-src title=dom-iframe-src>src</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-iframe-srcdoc title=dom-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-iframe-name title=dom-iframe-name>name</a>;
+ [PutForwards=<span title=dom-DOMSettableTokenList-value>value</span>] readonly attribute <a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-iframe-sandbox title=dom-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-iframe-seamless title=dom-iframe-seamless>seamless</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-iframe-allowfullscreen title=dom-iframe-allowFullscreen>allowFullscreen</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-dim-width title=dom-dim-width>width</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-dim-height title=dom-dim-height>height</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#document>Document</a>? <a href=#dom-iframe-contentdocument title=dom-iframe-contentDocument>contentDocument</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a>? <a href=#dom-iframe-contentwindow title=dom-iframe-contentWindow>contentWindow</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLIFrameElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><!-- INTRO --><p>The <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <!-- SRC/SRCDOC -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-iframe-src title=attr-iframe-src><code>src</code></dfn> attribute gives the address of a page
+ that the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> is to contain. The attribute, if present, must be a
+ <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>. If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> is specified on an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element, then the
+ <code title=attr-iframe-src><a href=#attr-iframe-src>src</a></code> attribute must also be specified.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-iframe-srcdoc title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><code>srcdoc</code></dfn> attribute gives the content of
+ the page that the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> is to contain. The value of the attribute
+ is the source of <dfn id=an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code>
+ document</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements in <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>, the <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute, if present, must have a value using <a href=#syntax>the
+ HTML syntax</a> that consists of the following syntactic components, in the given order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Any number of <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comments</a> and <a href=#space-character title="space
+ character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally, a <a href=#syntax-doctype title=syntax-doctype>DOCTYPE</a>.
+
+ <li>Any number of <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comments</a> and <a href=#space-character title="space
+ character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The root element, in the form of an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> <a href=#syntax-elements title=syntax-elements>element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Any number of <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comments</a> and <a href=#space-character title="space
+ character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>For <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements in <a href=#xml-documents>XML documents</a>, the <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute, if present, must have a value that matches the
+ production labeled <code title="">document</code> in the XML specification. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here a blog uses the <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute in conjunction
+ with the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code> and <code title=attr-iframe-seamless><a href=#attr-iframe-seamless>seamless</a></code> attributes described below to provide users of user
+ agents that support this feature with an extra layer of protection from script injection in the
+ blog post comments:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;I got my own magazine!&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;After much effort, I've finally found a publisher, and so now I
+ have my own magazine! Isn't that awesome?! The first issue will come
+ out in September, and we have articles about getting food, and about
+ getting in boxes, it's going to be great!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Written by &lt;a href="/users/cap"&gt;cap&lt;/a&gt;, 1 hour ago.
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt; Thirteen minutes ago, &lt;a href="/users/ch"&gt;ch&lt;/a&gt; wrote: &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;iframe seamless sandbox srcdoc="&lt;p&gt;did you get a cover picture yet?"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt; Nine minutes ago, &lt;a href="/users/cap"&gt;cap&lt;/a&gt; wrote: &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;iframe seamless sandbox srcdoc="&lt;p&gt;Yeah, you can see it &lt;a href=&amp;quot;/gallery?mode=cover&amp;amp;amp;page=1&amp;quot;&gt;in my gallery&lt;/a&gt;."&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt; Five minutes ago, &lt;a href="/users/ch"&gt;ch&lt;/a&gt; wrote: &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;iframe seamless sandbox srcdoc="&lt;p&gt;hey that's earl's table.
+&lt;p&gt;you should get earl&amp;amp;amp;me on the next cover."&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Notice the way that quotes have to be escaped (otherwise the <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute would end prematurely), and the way raw
+ ampersands (e.g. in URLs or in prose) mentioned in the sandboxed content have to be
+ <em>doubly</em> escaped &mdash; once so that the ampersand is preserved when originally parsing
+ the <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute, and once more to prevent the
+ ampersand from being misinterpreted when parsing the sandboxed content.</p>
+
+ <p>Furthermore, notice that since the <a href=#syntax-doctype title=syntax-doctype>DOCTYPE</a> is optional in
+ <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document title="an iframe srcdoc document"><code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> documents</a>, and the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements have <a href=#syntax-tag-omission>optional
+ start and end tags</a>, and the <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element is also optional in <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document title="an iframe
+ srcdoc document"><code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code>
+ documents</a>, the markup in a <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute can be
+ relatively succint despite representing an entire document, since only the contents of the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element need appear literally in the syntax. The other elements are still
+ present, but only by implication.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>In <a href=#syntax>the HTML syntax</a>, authors need only remember to use U+0022
+ QUOTATION MARK characters (") to wrap the attribute contents and then to escape all U+0022
+ QUOTATION MARK (") and U+0026 AMPERSAND (&amp;) characters, and to specify the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code> attribute, to ensure safe embedding of content.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Due to restrictions of <a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>the XHTML syntax</a>, in XML the U+003C LESS-THAN
+ SIGN character (&lt;) needs to be escaped as well. In order to prevent <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#AVNormalize>attribute-value normalization</a>, some of XML's
+ whitespace characters &mdash; specifically U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab), U+000A LINE FEED
+ (LF), and U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) &mdash; also need to be escaped. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the <code title=attr-iframe-src><a href=#attr-iframe-src>src</a></code> attribute and the <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute are both specified together, the <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute takes priority. This allows authors to provide
+ a fallback <a href=#url>URL</a> for legacy user agents that do not support the <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><!-- SRC/SRCDOC PROCESSING MODEL --><p>When an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element is <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a document">inserted
+ into a document</a>, the user agent must create a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, and
+ then <a href=#process-the-iframe-attributes>process the <code>iframe</code> attributes</a> for the "first time".</p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element is <a href=#remove-an-element-from-a-document title="remove an element from a document">removed
+ from a document</a>, the user agent must <a href=#a-browsing-context-is-discarded title="a browsing context is
+ discarded">discard</a> the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This happens without any <code title=event-unload><a href=#event-unload>unload</a></code> events firing
+ (the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> and its <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> are <em title="a browsing
+ context is discarded"><a href=#a-browsing-context-is-discarded>discarded</a></em>, not <em title="unload a document"><a href=#unload-a-document>unloaded</a></em>).</p>
+
+ <!-- START of section that's very similar to <frame> -->
+
+ <p>Whenever an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element with a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> has its
+ <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute set, changed, or removed, the user agent
+ must <a href=#process-the-iframe-attributes>process the <code>iframe</code> attributes</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, whenever an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element with a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>
+ but with no <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute specified has its <code title=attr-iframe-src><a href=#attr-iframe-src>src</a></code> attribute set, changed, or removed, the user agent must
+ <a href=#process-the-iframe-attributes>process the <code>iframe</code> attributes</a>.</p> <!-- It doesn't happen when the base
+ URL is changed, though. -->
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=process-the-iframe-attributes>process the <code>iframe</code> attributes</dfn>, it must run
+ the first appropriate steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute is specified</dt>
+
+ <dd><p><a href=#navigate>Navigate</a><!--DONAV iframe--> the element's <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a>
+ to a resource whose <a href=#content-type>Content-Type</a> is <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code>, whose <a href=#url>URL</a>
+ is <code><a href=#about:srcdoc>about:srcdoc</a></code>, and whose data consists of the value of the attribute. The
+ resulting <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> must be considered <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise, if the element has no <code title=attr-iframe-src><a href=#attr-iframe-src>src</a></code> attribute
+ specified, and the user agent is processing the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>'s attributes for the "first
+ time"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to run the <a href=#iframe-load-event-steps>iframe load event steps</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for this <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> is the
+ <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the value of the <code title=attr-iframe-src><a href=#attr-iframe-src>src</a></code> attribute is missing, or its
+ value is the empty string, let <var title="">url</var> be the string
+ "<code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>".</p>
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2641 -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolve</a> the value of the <code title=attr-iframe-src><a href=#attr-iframe-src>src</a></code> attribute, relative to the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If that is not successful, then let <var title="">url</var> be the string
+ "<code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>". Otherwise, let <var title="">url</var> be the resulting
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there exists an <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context>ancestor browsing context</a> whose <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a>'s <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">address</a>, ignoring fragment
+ identifiers, is equal to <var title="">url</var>, then abort these steps.</p>
+ <!-- http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/html/frames/iframes/ 008.html and 009.html -->
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1969 -->
+ <!-- I'm assuming that "resolve" will normalise things like scheme and hostname case -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#navigate>Navigate</a><!--DONAV iframe--> the element's <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a>
+ to <var title="">url</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Any <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> required of the user agent in the <a href=#process-the-iframe-attributes>process
+ the <code>iframe</code> attributes</a> algorithm must be completed as an <a href=#explicit-self-navigation-override>explicit
+ self-navigation override</a> and with the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's document's
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> as the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Furthermore, if the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the element's <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing
+ context</a> before such a <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> was not <a href=#completely-loaded>completely
+ loaded</a> at the time of the new <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a>, then the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> must be completed with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, if the <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a>'s <a href=#session-history>session history</a> contained
+ only one <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> when the <a href=#process-the-iframe-attributes>process the <code>iframe</code> attributes</a>
+ algorithm was invoked, and that was the <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> created
+ when the <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a> was created, then any <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> required of the user agent in that algorithm must be completed
+ with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>.</p> <!-- see also the note near similar text for the
+ location.assign() method -->
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> is marked as <a href=#completely-loaded>completely
+ loaded</a>, the user agent must synchronously run the <a href=#iframe-load-event-steps>iframe load event steps</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event is also fired at the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element when it is created if no other data is loaded in it.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has an <dfn id=iframe-load-in-progress>iframe load in progress</dfn> flag and a <dfn id=mute-iframe-load>mute
+ iframe load</dfn> flag. When a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created, these flags must be unset for
+ that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=iframe-load-event-steps>iframe load event steps</dfn> are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">child document</var> be the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">child document</var> has its <a href=#mute-iframe-load>mute iframe load</a> flag set,
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">child document</var>'s <a href=#iframe-load-in-progress>iframe load in progress</a>
+ flag.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Unset <var title="">child document</var>'s <a href=#iframe-load-in-progress>iframe load in progress</a>
+ flag.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=warning>This, in conjunction with scripting, can be used to probe the URL space of the
+ local network's HTTP servers. User agents may implement <a href=#origin title=origin>cross-origin</a>
+ access control policies that are stricter than those described above to mitigate this attack, but
+ unfortunately such policies are typically not compatible with existing Web content.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a> is
+ not <a href=#ready-for-post-load-tasks>ready for post-load tasks</a>, and when anything in the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> is <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load event">delaying the load event</a> of the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>'s
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>, and when the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>'s
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is in the <a href=#delaying-load-events-mode>delaying <code title=event-load>load</code> events
+ mode</a>, the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of its document.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If, during the handling of the <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event, the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> in the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> is again <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigated</a>, that will further <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- END of section that's very similar to <frame> -->
+
+ <p class=note>If, when the element is created, the <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code> attribute is not set, and the <code title=attr-iframe-src><a href=#attr-iframe-src>src</a></code> attribute is either also not set or set but its value cannot be
+ <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolved</a>, the browsing context will remain at the initial
+ <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> page.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the user <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigates</a> away from this page, the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>'s corresponding <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object will proxy new
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects for new <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects, but the <code title=attr-iframe-src><a href=#attr-iframe-src>src</a></code> attribute will not change.</p>
+
+
+ <hr><!-- NAME --><p>The <dfn id=attr-iframe-name title=attr-iframe-name><code>name</code></dfn> attribute, if present, must be a
+ <a href=#valid-browsing-context-name>valid browsing context name</a>. The given value is used to name the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested
+ browsing context</a>. <span class=impl>When the browsing context is created, if the attribute
+ is present, the <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> must be set to the value of this attribute;
+ otherwise, the <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> must be set to the empty string.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Whenever the <code title=attr-iframe-name><a href=#attr-iframe-name>name</a></code> attribute is set, the nested
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#browsing-context-name title="browsing context name">name</a> must be changed to
+ the new value. If the attribute is removed, the <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> must be set to
+ the empty string.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr><!-- SANDBOX --><p>The <dfn id=attr-iframe-sandbox title=attr-iframe-sandbox><code>sandbox</code></dfn> attribute, when specified,
+ enables a set of extra restrictions on any content hosted by the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>. Its value
+ must be an <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a> that are <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a>. The allowed values are <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-forms><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-forms>allow-forms</a></code>, <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-pointer-lock><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-pointer-lock>allow-pointer-lock</a></code>, <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-popups><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-popups>allow-popups</a></code>, <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin>allow-same-origin</a></code>, <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts>allow-scripts</a></code>, and <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-top-navigation><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-top-navigation>allow-top-navigation</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the attribute is set, the content is treated as being from a unique <a href=#origin>origin</a>,
+ forms, scripts, and various potentially annoying APIs are disabled, links are prevented from
+ targeting other <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing contexts</a>, and plugins are secured.
+ The <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin>allow-same-origin</a></code> keyword causes
+ the content to be treated as being from its real origin instead of forcing it into a unique
+ origin; the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-top-navigation><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-top-navigation>allow-top-navigation</a></code>
+ keyword allows the content to <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> its <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>;
+ and the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-forms><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-forms>allow-forms</a></code>, <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-pointer-lock><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-pointer-lock>allow-pointer-lock</a></code>, <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-popups><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-popups>allow-popups</a></code> and <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts>allow-scripts</a></code> keywords re-enable forms, the
+ pointer lock API, popups, and scripts respectively. <a href=#refsPOINTERLOCK>[POINTERLOCK]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=warning>Setting both the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts>allow-scripts</a></code> and <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin>allow-same-origin</a></code> keywords together when the
+ embedded page has the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the page containing the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>
+ allows the embedded page to simply remove the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code>
+ attribute and then reload itself, effectively breaking out of the sandbox altogether.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>These flags only take effect when the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> of
+ the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> is <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigated</a>. Removing them, or removing the
+ entire <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code> attribute, has no effect on an
+ already-loaded page.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>Potentially hostile files should not be served from the same server as the file
+ containing the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element. Sandboxing hostile content is of minimal help if an
+ attacker can convince the user to just visit the hostile content directly, rather than in the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>. To limit the damage that can be caused by hostile HTML content, it should be
+ served from a separate dedicated domain. Using a different domain ensures that scripts in the
+ files are unable to attack the site, even if the user is tricked into visiting those pages
+ directly, without the protection of the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <!-- v2: Add a new attribute that enables new restrictions, e.g.:
+ - disallow cross-origin loads of any kind (networking
+ override that only allows same-origin URLs or about:,
+ javascript:, data:)
+ - block access to 'parent.frames' from sandbox
+ -->
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code>
+ attribute has its <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> created (before the initial
+ <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created), and when an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>
+ element's <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code> attribute is set or changed while it
+ has a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, the user agent must <a href=#parse-a-sandboxing-directive title="parse a sandboxing
+ directive">parse the sandboxing directive</a> using the attribute's value as the <var title="">input</var>, the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>'s
+ <a href=#iframe-sandboxing-flag-set><code>iframe</code> sandboxing flag set</a> as the output, and, if the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> has an <code title=attr-iframe-allowfullscreen><a href=#attr-iframe-allowfullscreen>allowfullscreen</a></code>
+ attribute, the <var title="">allow fullscreen flag</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code>
+ attribute is removed while it has a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, the user agent must
+ empty the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>'s
+ <a href=#iframe-sandboxing-flag-set><code>iframe</code> sandboxing flag set</a> as the output.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, some completely-unknown, potentially hostile, user-provided HTML content is
+ embedded in a page. Because it is served from a separate domain, it is affected by all the normal
+ cross-site restrictions. In addition, the embedded page has scripting disabled, plugins disabled,
+ forms disabled, and it cannot navigate any frames or windows other than itself (or any frames or
+ windows it itself embeds).</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;We're not scared of you! Here is your content, unedited:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;iframe sandbox src="http://usercontent.example.net/getusercontent.cgi?id=12193"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p class=warning>It is important to use a separate domain so that if the attacker convinces the
+ user to visit that page directly, the page doesn't run in the context of the site's origin, which
+ would make the user vulnerable to any attack found in the page.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a gadget from another site is embedded. The gadget has scripting and forms
+ enabled, and the origin sandbox restrictions are lifted, allowing the gadget to communicate with
+ its originating server. The sandbox is still useful, however, as it disables plugins and popups,
+ thus reducing the risk of the user being exposed to malware and other annoyances.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;iframe sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts"
+ src="http://maps.example.com/embedded.html"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Suppose a file A contained the following fragment:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;iframe sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-forms" src=B&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Suppose that file B contained an iframe also:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;iframe sandbox="allow-scripts" src=C&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Further, suppose that file C contained a link:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;a href=D&gt;Link&lt;/a&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>For this example, suppose all the files were served as <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Page C in this scenario has all the sandboxing flags set. Scripts are disabled, because the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> in A has scripts disabled, and this overrides the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts>allow-scripts</a></code> keyword set on the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> in B. Forms are also disabled, because the inner <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> (in B)
+ does not have the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-forms><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-forms>allow-forms</a></code> keyword
+ set.</p>
+
+ <p>Suppose now that a script in A removes all the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code> attributes in A <!--grammar-check-override--> and B.
+ This would change nothing immediately. If the user clicked the link in C, loading page D into the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> in B, page D would now act as if the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> in B had the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin>allow-same-origin</a></code> and <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-forms><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-forms>allow-forms</a></code> keywords set, because that was the
+ state of the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> in the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> in A when page B was
+ loaded.</p>
+
+ <p>Generally speaking, dynamically removing or changing the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code> attribute is ill-advised, because it can make it quite
+ hard to reason about what will be allowed and what will not.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr><!-- SEAMLESS --><p>The <dfn id=attr-iframe-seamless title=attr-iframe-seamless><code>seamless</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. When specified, it indicates that the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is to be rendered in a manner that makes it appear to be part of the
+ containing document (seamlessly included in the parent document).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p id=inclusion>An HTML inclusion is effected using this attribute as in the following example.
+ In this case, the inclusion is of a site-wide navigation bar. Any links in the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> will, in new user agents, be automatically opened in the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>'s parent browsing context; for legacy user agents, the site could also
+ include a <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-base-target><a href=#attr-base-target>target</a></code>
+ attribute with the value <code title="">_parent</code>. Similarly, in new user agents the styles
+ of the parent page will be automatically applied to the contents of the frame, but to support
+ legacy user agents authors might wish to include the styles explicitly.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Mirror Mirror &mdash; MovieInfo&trade;&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Mirror Mirror&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Part of the MovieInfo&trade; Database&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;/hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;iframe seamless src="nav.inc"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+&lt;/header&gt;
+...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element is said to be <dfn id=in-seamless-mode>in seamless mode</dfn> when all of the
+ following conditions are met:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The <code title=attr-iframe-seamless><a href=#attr-iframe-seamless>seamless</a></code> attribute is set on the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element, and
+
+ <li>The <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's owner <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag
+ set</a> does not have the <a href=#sandboxed-seamless-iframes-flag>sandboxed seamless iframes flag</a> set, and
+
+ <li>Either:
+
+ <ul><li>The <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a> has the <a href=#same-origin>same
+ origin</a> as the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, or
+
+ <li>The <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s <em><a href=#the-address-element><span title="the
+ document's address">address</span></a></em> has the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, or
+
+ <li>The <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a> is <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an
+ <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a>.
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ </ul><p>When an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element is <a href=#in-seamless-mode>in seamless mode</a>, the following
+ requirements apply:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>The user agent must set the <dfn id=seamless-browsing-context-flag>seamless browsing context flag</dfn> to true for that
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>. This will <a href=#seamlessLinks>cause links to open in the
+ parent browsing context</a> unless an <a href=#explicit-self-navigation-override>explicit self-navigation override</a> is used
+ (<code title="">target="_self"</code>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Media queries in the context of the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ (e.g. on <code title=attr-style-media><a href=#attr-style-media>media</a></code> attributes of <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> elements in
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s in that <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>) must be evaluated with respect to the nearest
+ <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context>ancestor browsing context</a> that is not itself being <a href=#browsing-context-nested-through title="browsing context
+ nested through">nested through</a> an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> that is <a href=#in-seamless-mode>in seamless
+ mode</a>. <a href=#refsMQ>[MQ]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>In a CSS-supporting user agent: the user agent must add all the style sheets that apply to
+ the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element to the cascade of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, at the appropriate cascade
+ levels, before any style sheets specified by the document itself.</li>
+
+ <li><p>In a CSS-supporting user agent: the user agent must, for the purpose of CSS property
+ inheritance only, treat the root element of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> as being a child of the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element. (Thus inherited properties on the root element of the document in
+ the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> will inherit the computed values of those properties on the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element instead of taking their initial values.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>In visual media, in a CSS-supporting user agent: the user agent should set the intrinsic
+ width of the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> to the width that the element would have if it was a
+ non-replaced block-level element with 'width: auto', unless that width would be zero (e.g. if the
+ element is floating or absolutely positioned), in which case the user agent should set the
+ intrinsic width of the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> to the shrink-to-fit width of the root element (if
+ any) of the content rendered in the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>In visual media, in a CSS-supporting user agent: the user agent should set the intrinsic
+ height of the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> to the shortest height that would make the content rendered in
+ the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> at its current width (as given in the previous bullet point) have no
+ scrollable overflow at its bottom edge<!--, if the scrolling position was such that the top of
+ the viewport for the content rendered in the <code>iframe</code> was aligned with the origin of
+ that content's canvas-->. Scrollable overflow is any overflow that would increase the range to
+ which a scrollbar or other scrolling mechanism can scroll.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>In visual media, in a CSS-supporting user agent: the user agent must force the height of the
+ initial containing block of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a> of the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> to zero.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is intended to get around the otherwise circular dependency of percentage
+ dimensions that depend on the height of the containing block, thus affecting the height of the
+ document's bounding box, thus affecting the height of the viewport, thus affecting the size of
+ the initial containing block.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>In speech media, the user agent should render the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>
+ without announcing that it is a separate document.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>User agents should, in general, act as if the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>'s <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> was part of the document that the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> is in, if any.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example if the user agent supports listing all the links in a document,
+ links in "seamlessly" nested documents would be included in that list without being
+ significantly distinguished from links in the document itself.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's
+ <a href=#cross-boundary-event-parent>cross-boundary event parent</a> is the <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a>. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></li>
+
+ </ul><p>If the attribute is not specified, or if the <a href=#origin>origin</a> conditions listed above are
+ not met, then the user agent should render the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> in a manner
+ that is clearly distinguishable as a separate <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, and the
+ <a href=#seamless-browsing-context-flag>seamless browsing context flag</a> must be set to false for that <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>It is important that user agents recheck the above conditions whenever the
+ <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> changes, such that the <a href=#seamless-browsing-context-flag>seamless browsing context flag</a> gets unset
+ if the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> is <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigated</a> to another
+ origin.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The attribute can be set or removed dynamically, with the rendering updating in
+ tandem.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-contenteditable><a href=#attr-contenteditable>contenteditable</a></code> attribute does not
+ propagate into <code title=attr-iframe-seamless><a href=#attr-iframe-seamless>seamless</a></code> <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>s.</p>
+
+
+ <hr><!-- FULLSCREEN --><p>The <dfn id=attr-iframe-allowfullscreen title=attr-iframe-allowfullscreen><code>allowfullscreen</code></dfn> attribute is a
+ <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a>. When specified, it indicates that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects in
+ the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> are to be allowed to use <code title=dom-element-requestFullscreen><a href=#dom-element-requestfullscreen>requestFullscreen()</a></code> (if it's not blocked for other
+ reasons, e.g. there is another ancestor <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> without this attribute set).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> is used to embed a player from a video site. The <code title=attr-iframe-allowfullscreen><a href=#attr-iframe-allowfullscreen>allowfullscreen</a></code> attribute is needed to enable the
+ player to show its video full-screen.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/usericons/1627591962735"&gt; &lt;b&gt;Fred Flintstone&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/posts/3095182851" rel=bookmark&gt;12:44&lt;/a&gt; &mdash; &lt;a href="#acl-3095182851"&gt;Private Post&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;main&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Check out my new ride!&lt;/p&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;iframe src="https://video.example.com/embed?id=92469812" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;/main&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr><!-- DIM ATTRIBUTES --><p>The <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element supports <a href=#dimension-attributes>dimension attributes</a> for cases where the
+ embedded content has specific dimensions (e.g. ad units have well-defined dimensions).</p>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element never has <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a>, as it will always
+ create a nested <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, regardless of whether the specified initial
+ contents are successfully used.</p>
+
+
+ <hr><!-- FALLBACK --><p>Descendants of <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements represent nothing. (In legacy user agents that do
+ not support <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements, the contents would be parsed as markup that could act as
+ fallback content.)</p>
+
+ <p id=iframe-content-model>When used in <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>, the allowed content model
+ of <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements is text, except that invoking the <a href=#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm>HTML fragment parsing
+ algorithm</a> with the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element as the <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element and the text contents as the <var title="">input</var> must result in a list of nodes that are all <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>,
+ with no <a href=#parse-error title="parse error">parse errors</a> having occurred, with no <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ elements being anywhere in the list or as descendants of elements in the list, and with all the
+ elements in the list (including their descendants) being themselves conforming.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element must be empty in <a href=#xml-documents>XML documents</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> treats markup inside <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements as
+ text.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><!-- DOM --><p>The IDL attributes <dfn id=dom-iframe-src title=dom-iframe-src><code>src</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-iframe-srcdoc title=dom-iframe-srcdoc><code>srcdoc</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-iframe-name title=dom-iframe-name><code>name</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-iframe-sandbox title=dom-iframe-sandbox><code>sandbox</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-iframe-seamless title=dom-iframe-seamless><code>seamless</code></dfn> must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective
+ content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-iframe-allowfullscreen title=dom-iframe-allowFullscreen><code>allowFullscreen</code></dfn> IDL attribute
+ must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-iframe-allowfullscreen><a href=#attr-iframe-allowfullscreen>allowfullscreen</a></code>
+ content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-iframe-contentdocument title=dom-iframe-contentDocument><code>contentDocument</code></dfn> IDL attribute
+ must return the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, if any and if its
+ <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> is the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script
+ origin</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>, or null otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-iframe-contentwindow title=dom-iframe-contentWindow><code>contentWindow</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ return the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object of the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested
+ browsing context</a>, if any, or null otherwise.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of a page using an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> to include advertising from an
+ advertising broker:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;iframe src="http://ads.example.com/?customerid=923513721&amp;amp;format=banner"
+ width="468" height="60"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-embed-element><span class=secno>4.7.3 </span>The <dfn><code>embed</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+<!-- (v2?)
+ we have all kinds of quirks we should define if they come up during
+ testing, as e.g. shown in:
+ http://mxr.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/source/layout/generic/nsObjectFrame.cpp
+ http://trac.webkit.org/browser/trunk/WebCore/html/HTMLEmbedElement.cpp
+ http://trac.webkit.org/browser/trunk/WebCore/rendering/RenderPartObject.cpp (updateWidget)
+ e.g. - 240x200 default
+ - the attributes/params are sent in a name-value pair list as follows (for Gecko):
+ + attributes of the element, in source order
+ + a synthesised 'src' attribute, if there was no 'src' but
+ there was a 'data', with the value of the 'data' attribute
+ + the params, in source order
+ (WebKit does something different still)
+ - the HIDDEN attribute (might be moot now)
+-->
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#embedded-content-category>Embedded content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code> &mdash; Address of the resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-embed-type><a href=#attr-embed-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Type of embedded resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> &mdash; Horizontal dimension</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code> &mdash; Vertical dimension</dd>
+ <dd>Any other attribute that has no namespace (see prose).</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlembedelement>HTMLEmbedElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-embed-src title=dom-embed-src>src</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-embed-type title=dom-embed-type>type</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-dim-width title=dom-dim-width>width</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-dim-height title=dom-dim-height>height</a>;
+ <a href=#dom-embed-caller title=dom-embed-caller>legacycaller</a> any (any... arguments);
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLEmbedElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ <div class=impl>
+ <p>Depending on the type of content instantiated by the
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element, the node may also support other
+ interfaces.</p>
+ </div>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element provides an integration point for an external (typically
+ non-HTML) application or interactive content.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-embed-src title=attr-embed-src><code>src</code></dfn> attribute gives the address of the
+ resource being embedded. The attribute, if present, must contain a <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL
+ potentially surrounded by spaces</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is specified on an
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element, then the <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code> attribute must also
+ be specified.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-embed-type title=attr-embed-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute, if present, gives the
+ <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> by which the plugin to instantiate is selected. The value must be a
+ <a href=#valid-mime-type>valid MIME type</a>. If both the <code title=attr-embed-type><a href=#attr-embed-type>type</a></code> attribute and
+ the <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code> attribute are present, then the <code title=attr-embed-type><a href=#attr-embed-type>type</a></code> attribute must specify the same type as the <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>explicit Content-Type metadata</a> of the resource given by the <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>While any of the following conditions are occurring, any <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> instantiated for
+ the element must be removed, and the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a>
+ nothing:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><p>The element has neither a <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code> attribute nor a <code title=attr-embed-type><a href=#attr-embed-type>type</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The element has a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> ancestor.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The element has an ancestor <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element that is <em>not</em> showing its
+ <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a>.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>An <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element is said to be <dfn id=concept-embed-active title=concept-embed-active>potentially
+ active</dfn> when the following conditions are all met simultaneously:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>The element is <a href=#in-a-document title="in a document">in a <code>Document</code></a> or was <a href=#in-a-document title="in a document">in a <code>Document</code></a> the last time the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>
+ reached step 1.</li>
+
+ <li>The element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The element has either a <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code> attribute set or a <code title=attr-embed-type><a href=#attr-embed-type>type</a></code> attribute set (or both).</li>
+
+ <li>The element's <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code> attribute is either absent or its value
+ is not the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li>The element is not a descendant of a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The element is not a descendant of an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element that is not showing its
+ <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The element is <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a>, or was <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a> the last time
+ the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> reached step 1.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>Whenever an <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element that was not <a href=#concept-embed-active title=concept-embed-active>potentially active</a> becomes <a href=#concept-embed-active title=concept-embed-active>potentially active</a>, and whenever a <a href=#concept-embed-active title=concept-embed-active>potentially active</a> <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element that is
+ remaining <a href=#concept-embed-active title=concept-embed-active>potentially active</a> and has its <code title=attr-embed-type><a href=#attr-embed-type>src</a></code> attribute set, changed, or removed or its <code title=attr-embed-type><a href=#attr-embed-type>type</a></code> attribute set, changed, or removed, the user agent must
+ <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> using the <dfn id=embed-task-source>embed task source</dfn> to run <a href=#the-embed-element-setup-steps>the
+ <code>embed</code> element setup steps</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=the-embed-element-setup-steps>The <code>embed</code> element setup steps</dfn> are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If another <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> has since been queued to run <a href=#the-embed-element-setup-steps>the
+ <code>embed</code> element setup steps</a> for this element, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the element has a <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code> attribute set</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The user agent must <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolve</a> the value of the element's
+ <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code> attribute, relative to the element. If that is
+ successful, the user agent should <a href=#fetch>fetch</a><!--FETCH--> the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>, from the element's <a href=#browsing-context-scope-origin>browsing context scope origin</a> if it has one<!--
+ potentially http-origin privacy sensitive -->. The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that
+ is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> once
+ the resource has been <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> must run the following steps:</p>
+ <!-- Note that this doesn't happen when the base URL changes. -->
+
+ <ol><li><p>If another <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> has since been queued to run
+ <a href=#the-embed-element-setup-steps>the <code>embed</code> element setup steps</a> for this element, then abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Determine the <dfn id=concept-embed-type title=concept-embed-type>type of the content</dfn> being embedded, as
+ follows (stopping at the first substep that determines the type):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element has a <code title=attr-embed-type><a href=#attr-embed-type>type</a></code> attribute, and that
+ attribute's value is a type that a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> supports, then the value of the
+ <code title=attr-embed-type><a href=#attr-embed-type>type</a></code> attribute is the <a href=#concept-embed-type title=concept-embed-type>content's type</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- if we get to this point we know we can successfully parsed the URL, since this algorithm is
+ only used after fetching the resource in the steps above -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if applying the <a href=#url-parser>URL parser</a> algorithm to the <a href=#url>URL</a> of
+ the specified resource (after any redirects) results in a <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> whose
+ <a href=#concept-url-path title=concept-url-path>path</a> component matches a pattern that a
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> supports, then the <a href=#concept-embed-type title=concept-embed-type>content's
+ type</a> is the type that that plugin can handle.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, a plugin might say that it can handle resources with <a href=#concept-url-path title=concept-url-path>path</a> components that end with the four character string
+ "<code title="">.swf</code>".</p>
+
+ <!-- it's sad that we have to do extension sniffing. sigh. -->
+ <!-- see also <object> which has a similar step -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the specified resource has <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>explicit
+ Content-Type metadata</a>, then that is the <a href=#concept-embed-type title=concept-embed-type>content's
+ type</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, the content has no <a href=#concept-embed-type title=concept-embed-type>type</a> and there
+ can be no appropriate <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> for it.</li>
+
+ <!-- This algorithm is a monument to bad design. Go legacy! -->
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the previous step determined that the <a href=#concept-embed-type title=concept-embed-type>content's
+ type</a> is <code title="">image/svg+xml</code>, then run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element is not associated with a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>, associate the element with a newly created <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>, and, if the element has a <code title=attr-embed-name><a href=#attr-embed-name>name</a></code>
+ attribute, set the <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> of the element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested
+ browsing context</a> to the value of this attribute.</p>
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2291 - dynamic changes to 'name' don't do anything -->
+
+ <li><p><a href=#navigate>Navigate</a><!--DONAV embed--> the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> to
+ the fetched resource, with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>, and with the
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element's document's <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> as the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source
+ browsing context</a>. (The <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code> attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element doesn't get updated if the browsing context gets further
+ navigated to other locations.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element now <a href=#represents>represents</a> its associated
+ <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, find and instantiate an appropriate <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> based on the <a href=#concept-embed-type title=concept-embed-type>content's type</a>, and hand that <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> the
+ content of the resource, replacing any previously instantiated plugin for the element. The
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element now represents this <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> instance.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Once the resource or plugin has completely loaded, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the
+ element.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Whether the resource is fetched successfully or not (e.g. whether the response code was a
+ 2xx code <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or equivalent</a>) must be ignored
+ when determining the <a href=#concept-embed-type title=concept-embed-type>content's type</a> and when handing
+ the resource to the plugin.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This allows servers to return data for plugins even with error responses (e.g.
+ HTTP 500 Internal Server Error codes can still contain plugin data).</p>
+
+ <p>Fetching the resource must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of the element's document.</p>
+ <!-- if we add load/error events, then replace the previous paragraph with the text one: -->
+ <!-- similar text in various places -->
+ <!--<p>Fetching the resource must <span>delay the load event</span> of the element's document
+ until the final <span title="concept-task">task</span> that is <span title="queue a
+ task">queued</span> by the <span>networking task source</span> once the resource has been
+ <span title="fetch">fetched</span> has been run.</p>-->
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the element has no <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code> attribute set</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The user agent should find and instantiate an appropriate <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> based on the
+ value of the <code title=attr-embed-type><a href=#attr-embed-type>type</a></code> attribute. The <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>
+ element now represents this <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> instance.</p>
+
+ <p>Once the plugin is completely loaded, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element has no <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a>. If the user agent can't
+ find a suitable plugin when attempting to find and instantiate one for the algorithm above, then
+ the user agent must use a default plugin. This default could be as simple as saying "Unsupported
+ Format".</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever an <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element that was <a href=#concept-embed-active title=concept-embed-active>potentially
+ active</a> stops being <a href=#concept-embed-active title=concept-embed-active>potentially active</a>, any
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> that had been instantiated for that element must be unloaded.</p>
+
+ <p id=sandboxPluginEmbed>When a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> is to be instantiated but it cannot be <a href=#concept-plugin-secure title=concept-plugin-secure>secured</a> and the <a href=#sandboxed-plugins-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed plugins browsing context
+ flag</a> is set on the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active
+ sandboxing flag set</a>, then the user agent must not instantiate the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>, and
+ must instead render the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element in a manner that conveys that the
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> was disabled. The user agent may offer the user the option to override the
+ sandbox and instantiate the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> anyway; if the user invokes such an option, the
+ user agent must act as if the conditions above did not apply for the purposes of this element.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>Plugins that cannot be <a href=#concept-plugin-secure title=concept-plugin-secure>secured</a> are
+ disabled in sandboxed browsing contexts because they might not honor the restrictions imposed by
+ the sandbox (e.g. they might allow scripting even when scripting in the sandbox is disabled). User
+ agents should convey the danger of overriding the sandbox to the user if an option to do so is
+ provided.</p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element represents a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>: if the
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>
+ is not <a href=#ready-for-post-load-tasks>ready for post-load tasks</a>, and when anything is <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load
+ event">delaying the load event</a> of the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element's <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>, and when the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element's
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is in the <a href=#delaying-load-events-mode>delaying <code title=event-load>load</code>
+ events mode</a>, the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of its
+ document.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> mentioned in this
+ section is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Any namespace-less attribute other than <code title=attr-embed-name><a href=#attr-embed-name>name</a></code>, <code title=attr-embed-align><a href=#attr-embed-align>align</a></code>, <code title=attr-embed-hspace><a href=#attr-embed-hspace>hspace</a></code>, and <code title=attr-embed-vspace><a href=#attr-embed-vspace>vspace</a></code> <!-- when editing, see also note below --> may be
+ specified on the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element, so long as its name is <a href=#xml-compatible>XML-compatible</a>
+ and contains no <a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters>uppercase ASCII letters</a>. These attributes are then passed as
+ parameters to the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>All attributes in <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a> get lowercased automatically, so the
+ restriction on uppercase letters doesn't affect such documents.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The four exceptions are to exclude legacy attributes that have side-effects beyond
+ just sending parameters to the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The user agent should pass the names and values of all the attributes of the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>
+ element that have no namespace to the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> used, when one is instantiated.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#htmlembedelement>HTMLEmbedElement</a></code> object representing the element must expose the scriptable
+ interface of the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> instantiated for the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element, if any. At a
+ minimum, this interface must implement the <dfn id=dom-embed-caller title=dom-embed-caller>legacy caller
+ operation</dfn>. (It is suggested that the default behavior of this legacy caller operation, e.g.
+ the behavior of the default plugin's legacy caller operation, be to throw a
+ <code><a href=#notsupportederror>NotSupportedError</a></code> exception.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element supports <a href=#dimension-attributes>dimension attributes</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The IDL attributes <dfn id=dom-embed-src title=dom-embed-src><code>src</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-embed-type title=dom-embed-type><code>type</code></dfn> each must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective
+ content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here's a way to embed a resource that requires a proprietary plugin, like Flash:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;embed src="catgame.swf"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>If the user does not have the plugin (for example if the plugin vendor doesn't support the
+ user's platform), then the user will be unable to use the resource.</p>
+
+ <p>To pass the plugin a parameter "quality" with the value "high", an attribute can be
+ specified:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;embed src="catgame.swf" quality="high"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This would be equivalent to the following, when using an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element
+ instead:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;object data="catgame.swf"&gt;
+ &lt;param name="quality" value="high"&gt;
+&lt;/object&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-object-element><span class=secno>4.7.4 </span>The <dfn><code>object</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#embedded-content-category>Embedded content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element has a <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attribute: <a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd> <!-- also when showing a plugin or a nested browsing context, but checking that statically is hard...) -->
+ <dd><a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>Listed</a>, <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>, and <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Zero or more <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> elements, then, <a href=#transparent>transparent</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> &mdash; Address of the resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Type of embedded resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-object-typemustmatch><a href=#attr-object-typemustmatch>typemustmatch</a></code> &mdash; Whether the <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute and the <a href=#content-type>Content-Type</a> value need to match for the resource to be used</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-object-name><a href=#attr-object-name>name</a></code> &mdash; Name of <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> &mdash; Name of <a href=#image-map>image map</a> to use</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> &mdash; Associates the control with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> &mdash; Horizontal dimension</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code> &mdash; Vertical dimension</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlobjectelement>HTMLObjectElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-object-data title=dom-object-data>data</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-object-type title=dom-object-type>type</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-object-typemustmatch title=dom-object-typeMustMatch>typeMustMatch</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-object-name title=dom-object-name>name</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-object-usemap title=dom-object-useMap>useMap</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a>? <a href=#dom-fae-form title=dom-fae-form>form</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-dim-width title=dom-dim-width>width</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-dim-height title=dom-dim-height>height</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#document>Document</a>? <a href=#dom-object-contentdocument title=dom-object-contentDocument>contentDocument</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a>? <a href=#dom-object-contentwindow title=dom-object-contentWindow>contentWindow</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate title=dom-cva-willValidate>willValidate</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#validitystate>ValidityState</a> <a href=#dom-cva-validity title=dom-cva-validity>validity</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage title=dom-cva-validationMessage>validationMessage</a>;
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity title=dom-cva-checkValidity>checkValidity</a>();
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity title=dom-cva-reportValidity>reportValidity</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity>setCustomValidity</a>(DOMString error);
+
+ <a href=#dom-object-caller title=dom-object-caller>legacycaller</a> any (any... arguments);
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLObjectElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ <div class=impl>
+ <p>Depending on the type of content instantiated by the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element, the node also supports other
+ interfaces.</p>
+ </div>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element can represent an external resource, which, depending on the
+ type of the resource, will either be treated as an image, as a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>, or as an external resource to be processed by a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-object-data title=attr-object-data><code>data</code></dfn> attribute, if present, specifies the
+ address of the resource. If present, the attribute must be a <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL potentially
+ surrounded by spaces</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>Authors who reference resources from other <a href=#origin title=origin>origins</a>
+ that they do not trust are urged to use the <code title=attr-object-typemustmatch><a href=#attr-object-typemustmatch>typemustmatch</a></code> attribute defined below. Without that
+ attribute, it is possible in certain cases for an attacker on the remote host to use the plugin
+ mechanism to run arbitrary scripts, even if the author has used features such as the Flash
+ "allowScriptAccess" parameter.</p> <!-- for example, if the user doesn't have flash installed but
+ does have java installed, and the remote site unexpectedly returns java instead of flash, then
+ java will run, and it will ignore the allowScriptAccess thing -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-object-type title=attr-object-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute, if present, specifies the
+ type of the resource. If present, the attribute must be a <a href=#valid-mime-type>valid MIME type</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>At least one of either the <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> attribute or the <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute must be present.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is specified on an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ element, then the <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> attribute must also be specified.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-object-typemustmatch title=attr-object-typemustmatch><code>typemustmatch</code></dfn> attribute is a
+ <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a> whose presence indicates that the resource specified by the <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> attribute is only to be used if the value of the <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute and the <a href=#content-type>Content-Type</a> of the
+ aforementioned resource match.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-object-typemustmatch><a href=#attr-object-typemustmatch>typemustmatch</a></code> attribute must not be
+ specified unless both the <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> attribute and the <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute are present.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-object-name title=attr-object-name><code>name</code></dfn> attribute, if present, must be a
+ <a href=#valid-browsing-context-name>valid browsing context name</a>. The given value is used to name the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested
+ browsing context</a>, if applicable.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Whenever one of the following conditions occur:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>the element is created,
+
+ <li>the element is popped off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> of an <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a> or <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>,
+
+ <li>the element is not on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> of an <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>
+ or <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>, and it is either <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a
+ document">inserted into a document</a> or <a href=#remove-an-element-from-a-document title="remove an element from a
+ document">removed from a document</a>,
+
+ <li>the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> changes whether it is <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>,
+
+ <li>one of the element's ancestor <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements changes to or from showing its
+ <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a>,
+
+ <li>the element's <code title=attr-object-classid><a href=#attr-object-classid>classid</a></code> attribute is set, changed, or
+ removed,
+
+ <li>the element's <code title=attr-object-classid><a href=#attr-object-classid>classid</a></code> attribute is not present, and
+ its <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> attribute is set, changed, or removed,
+
+ <li>neither the element's <code title=attr-object-classid><a href=#attr-object-classid>classid</a></code> attribute nor its
+ <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> attribute are present, and its <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute is set, changed, or removed,
+
+ <li>the element changes from <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a> to not being rendered, or vice versa,
+
+ </ul><!-- Changing the base URL doesn't trigger this. --><p>...the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to run the following steps to (re)determine
+ what the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element represents. This <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>
+ being <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> or actively running must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load
+ event</a> of the element's document. <!--As described in the algorithm, once the algorithm
+ starts fetching a resource, the fetch is what starts delaying the load event. But to tide us over
+ from when the parser finds the <object> element and the fetching begins, we have to block the load
+ event like this, lest the parse end before this task gets run.--></p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the user has indicated a preference that this <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element's <a href=#fallback-content>fallback
+ content</a> be shown instead of the element's usual behavior, then jump to the step below
+ labeled <i>fallback</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For example, a user could ask for the element's <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a> to
+ be shown because that content uses a format that the user finds more accessible.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the element has an ancestor <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, or has an ancestor
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element that is <em>not</em> showing its <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a>, or
+ if the element is not <a href=#in-a-document title="in a document">in a <code>Document</code></a> with a
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, or if the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not <a href=#fully-active>fully
+ active</a>, or if the element is still in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> of an
+ <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> or <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>, or if the element is not <a href=#being-rendered>being
+ rendered</a>, then jump to the step below labeled <i>fallback</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- what if it's not in the document? if that should prevent plugin instantiation, then here
+ just skip to the last step -->
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-object-classid><a href=#attr-object-classid>classid</a></code> attribute is present, and has a
+ value that isn't the empty string, then: if the user agent can find a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>
+ suitable according to the value of the <code title=attr-object-classid><a href=#attr-object-classid>classid</a></code>
+ attribute, and either <a href=#sandboxPluginObject>plugins aren't being sandboxed</a> or that
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> can be <a href=#concept-plugin-secure title=concept-plugin-secure>secured</a>, then that
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> <a href=#object-plugin>should be used</a>, and the value of the <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> attribute, if any, should be passed to the
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>. If no suitable <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> can be found, or if the
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> reports an error, jump to the step below labeled <i>fallback</i>.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ case insensitive:
+ is "clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000" -> application/x-shockwave-flash
+ is "clsid:cfcdaa03-8be4-11cf-b84b-0020afbbccfa" -> audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin
+ is "clsid:02bf25d5-8c17-4b23-bc80-d3488abddc6b" -> video/quicktime
+ is "clsid:166b1bca-3f9c-11cf-8075-444553540000" -> application/x-director
+ is "clsid:6bf52a52-394a-11d3-b153-00c04f79faa6" -> application/x-mplayer2
+ starts with "java:" -> application/x-java-vm
+ starts with "clsid:" -> application/x-oleobject
+ -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <!-- (v2?)
+ we may have to define magic fallback to <param> if it turns out to
+ be needed in testing:
+ <hyatt> apparently your url can come from <param>
+ <hyatt> not just the data attribute
+ <hyatt> our code looks for params with "src", "movie", "code" and "url"
+ <hyatt> and also tries to find the type on a param
+ <Hixie> oh that's you trying to have hacky activex support
+ <Hixie> opera does that too
+ <hyatt> yeah we support activex versions of plugins that are common
+ <hyatt> like flash and quicktime and realaudio
+ <Hixie> that would be a step 1b. if no data attribute, then look for a <param> to get you a URL instead.
+ <Hixie> and if you find one, carry on as if that was your data="".
+ -->
+
+ <li><p>If the <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> attribute is present and its value is
+ not the empty string, then:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute is present and its value is
+ not a type that the user agent supports, and is not a type that the user agent can find a
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> for, then the user agent may jump to the step below labeled <i>fallback</i>
+ without fetching the content to examine its real type.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the <a href=#url>URL</a> specified by the <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> attribute, relative to the element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If that failed, <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the element, then jump to the step below labeled
+ <i>fallback</i>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#fetch>Fetch</a><!--FETCH--> the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, from the element's
+ <a href=#browsing-context-scope-origin>browsing context scope origin</a> if it has one<!-- potentially http-origin privacy
+ sensitive -->.</p>
+
+ <!-- similar text in various places -->
+ <p>Fetching the resource must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of the element's document
+ until the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a
+ task">queued</a> by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> once the resource has been
+ <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> (defined next) has been run.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> networking model, this
+ <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> operation is not for a <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a> (though it might
+ end up being used for one after all, as defined below).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the resource is not yet available (e.g. because the resource was not available in the
+ cache, so that loading the resource required making a request over the network), then jump to
+ the step below labeled <i>fallback</i>. The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is
+ <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> once the
+ resource is available must restart this algorithm from this step. Resources can load
+ incrementally; user agents may opt to consider a resource "available" whenever enough data has
+ been obtained to begin processing the resource.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the load failed (e.g. there was an HTTP 404 error, there was a DNS error), <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire
+ a simple event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the element, then jump to
+ the step below labeled <i>fallback</i>.</li>
+
+ <li id=object-type-detection>
+
+ <p>Determine the <var title="">resource type</var>, as follows:</p>
+
+<!-- Hopefully this step is exactly equivalent to the following:
+
+ START
+ |
+ V
+ Is there a Content-Type and is the UA going to obey it blindly?
+ | |
+ | YES | NO
+ | V YES
+ | Is there a type="" attribute whose value is a plugin type? ============================================-.
+ | | |
+ | | NO |
+ | V NO YES |
+ | Is there a Content type? ========-> Is there a type="" attribute? ==========> Let TYPE be type="" |
+ | | | attribute value |
+ | | YES | NO | |
+ V NO V | V |
+ +-<============== Is it text/plain or application/octet-stream? `==> Let TYPE be =====>+ |
+ | | | Sniffed type | |
+ | | text/plain | octet-stream V |
+ | V YES V Is TYPE |
+ | Does the page sniff as binary? ======> Is there a type="" attribute? application/octet-stream? |
+ | | | | | | |
+ | | NO | YES | NO | YES | NO |
+ | | | YES V V | |
+ | | application/octet-stream? =====> Extension that is plugin type? | |
+ | | | | | | |
+ | | | NO | NO | YES | |
+ | | V | | | |
+ | | Type attribute is XML or YES V | | |
+ | | doesn't start with image/* ======> FALLBACK | | |
+ | | and is not a plugin type? | | |
+ | | | | | |
+ | | | NO | | V
+ V V V V V Use
+ Use Use Use it (will be Use Use type=""
+ Content-Type text/plain bitmap or plugin) extension TYPE attribute
+ | | | | | |
+ | V V V V |
+ `================->-+========================================>-+==============>-+-<============-+-<==============+-<======'
+ |
+ V
+ Continue following rules in the spec, which might
+ result in a plugin, a browsing context, an image,
+ or using fallback, depending on the UA and the type.
+
+
+ "Extension that is plugin type?" means "Is there an extension that matches one that a plugin supports?".
+ Plugins are not allowed to register text/plain or application/octet-stream.
+
+-->
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let the <var title="">resource type</var> be unknown.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute and a <code title=attr-object-typemustmatch><a href=#attr-object-typemustmatch>typemustmatch</a></code> attribute, and
+ the resource has <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>associated Content-Type metadata</a>, and the
+ type specified in <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>the resource's Content-Type metadata</a> is
+ an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the value of the element's <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute, then let <var title="">resource type</var>
+ be that type and jump to the step below labeled <i>handler</i>.</p>
+
+ <!-- do we need to <span>strip leading and trailing whitespace</span> from anything here?
+ collapse sequences of spaces? drop parameters? -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-object-typemustmatch><a href=#attr-object-typemustmatch>typemustmatch</a></code> attribute, jump to the step below
+ labeled <i>handler</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- by request: http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=8479 -->
+
+ <p>If the user agent is configured to strictly obey Content-Type headers for this resource,
+ and the resource has <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>associated Content-Type metadata</a>,
+ then let the <var title="">resource type</var> be the type specified in <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>the resource's Content-Type metadata</a>, and jump to the step below
+ labeled <i>handler</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>This can introduce a vulnerability, wherein a site is trying to embed a
+ resource that uses a particular plugin, but the remote site overrides that and instead
+ furnishes the user agent with a resource that triggers a different plugin with different
+ security characteristics. <!-- e.g. the example given above, where the site is expecting
+ Flash with allowScriptAccess=never, and instead gets back Java with its unrestricted DOM
+ access --></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is a <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute present on the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element, and that attribute's value is not a type that the user agent
+ supports, but it <em>is</em> a type that a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> supports, then let the <var title="">resource type</var> be the type specified in that <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute, and jump to the step below labeled
+ <i>handler</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the appropriate set of steps from the following
+ list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the resource has <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>associated Content-Type
+ metadata</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">binary</var> be false.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the type specified in <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>the resource's Content-Type
+ metadata</a> is "<code>text/plain</code>", and the result of applying the <a href=#content-type-sniffing:-text-or-binary title="Content-Type sniffing: text or binary">rules for distinguishing if a resource is
+ text or binary</a> to the resource is that the resource is not
+ <code>text/plain</code>, then set <var title="">binary</var> to true.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the type specified in <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>the resource's Content-Type
+ metadata</a> is "<code>application/octet-stream</code>", then set <var title="">binary</var> to true.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">binary</var> is false, then let the <var title="">resource
+ type</var> be the type specified in <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>the resource's
+ Content-Type metadata</a>, and jump to the step below labeled <i>handler</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is a <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute present on the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element, and its value is not <code>application/octet-stream</code>,
+ then run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the attribute's value is a type that a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> supports, or the
+ attribute's value is a type that starts with "<code>image/</code>" that is not also an
+ <a href=#xml-mime-type>XML MIME type</a>, then let the <var title="">resource type</var> be the type
+ specified in that <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Jump to the step below labeled <i>handler</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise, if the resource does not have <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>associated
+ Content-Type metadata</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If there is a <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute present on the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element, then let the <var title="">tentative type</var> be the type
+ specified in that <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">tentative type</var> be the <a href=#content-type-sniffing-0 title="content-type
+ sniffing">sniffed type of the resource</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">tentative type</var> is <em>not</em>
+ <code>application/octet-stream</code>, then let <var title="">resource type</var> be
+ <var title="">tentative type</var> and jump to the step below labeled
+ <i>handler</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- if we get to this point we know we can successfully parsed the URL, since this
+ algorithm is only used after fetching the resource in the steps above -->
+
+ <p>If applying the <a href=#url-parser>URL parser</a> algorithm to the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the
+ specified resource (after any redirects) results in a <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> whose <a href=#concept-url-path title=concept-url-path>path</a> component matches a pattern that a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>
+ supports, then let <var title="">resource type</var> be the type that that plugin can
+ handle.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, a plugin might say that it can handle resources with <a href=#concept-url-path title=concept-url-path>path</a> components that end with the four character string
+ "<code title="">.swf</code>".</p>
+
+ <!-- it's sad that we have to do extension sniffing. sigh. -->
+ <!-- see also <embed> which has a similar step -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>It is possible for this step to finish, or for one of the substeps above to
+ jump straight to the next step, with <var title="">resource type</var> still being unknown. In
+ both cases, the next step will trigger fallback.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Handler</i>: Handle the content as given by the first of the following cases that
+ matches:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <var title="">resource type</var> is not a type that the user agent supports, but
+ it <em>is</em> a type that a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> supports</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If <a href=#sandboxPluginObject>plugins are being sandboxed</a> and the plugin that
+ supports <var title="">resource type</var> cannot be <a href=#concept-plugin-secure title=concept-plugin-secure>secured</a>, jump to the step below labeled <i>fallback</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the user agent should <a href=#object-plugin>use the plugin that supports
+ <var title="">resource type</var></a> and pass the content of the resource to that
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>. If the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> reports an error, then jump to the step
+ below labeled <i>fallback</i>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the <var title="">resource type</var> is an <a href=#xml-mime-type>XML MIME type</a>, or
+ <!-- (redundant with the next one) if the <var title="">resource type</var> is HTML, or -->
+ if the <var title="">resource type</var> does not start with "<code>image/</code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element must be associated with a newly created <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested
+ browsing context</a>, if it does not already have one.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the given resource is not <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>, the
+ element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> must then be <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigated</a><!--DONAV object--> to that resource, with
+ <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>, and with the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element's document's
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> as the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>. (The <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> attribute of the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element doesn't
+ get updated if the browsing context gets further navigated to other locations.)</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the given resource <em>is</em> <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>, then,
+ instead, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a>
+ named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element. <span class=note>No <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event is fired at the
+ <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> document itself.</span></p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-object-name><a href=#attr-object-name>name</a></code> attribute is present, the
+ <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> must be set to the value of this attribute; otherwise,
+ the <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> must be set to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In certain situations, e.g. if the resource was <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> from an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> but it is an HTML file
+ with a <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code> attribute that points to a different
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>application cache manifest</a>, the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> will be restarted so
+ as to load the resource afresh from the network or a different <a href=#application-cache>application
+ cache</a>. Even if the resource is then found to have a different type, it is still used
+ as part of a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>: only the <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm
+ is restarted, not this <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> algorithm.</p>
+
+ <!-- note that malformed XML files don't cause fallback -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the <var title="">resource type</var> starts with "<code>image/</code>", and support
+ for images has not been disabled</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Apply the <a href=#content-type-sniffing:-image title="content-type sniffing: image">image sniffing</a> rules to
+ determine the type of the image.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the specified image. The image is
+ not a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the image cannot be rendered, e.g. because it is malformed or in an unsupported
+ format, jump to the step below labeled <i>fallback</i>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The given <var title="">resource type</var> is not supported. Jump to the step below
+ labeled <i>fallback</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the previous step ended with the <var title="">resource type</var> being
+ unknown, this is the case that is triggered.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>The element's contents are not part of what the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element
+ represents.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Abort these steps. Once the resource is completely loaded, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the
+ element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> attribute is absent but the <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute is present, and the user agent can find a
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> suitable according to the value of the <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute, and either <a href=#sandboxPluginObject>plugins aren't being sandboxed</a> or the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> can be
+ <a href=#concept-plugin-secure title=concept-plugin-secure>secured</a>, then that <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> <a href=#object-plugin>should be used</a>. If these conditions cannot be met, or if the
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> reports an error, jump to the step below labeled <i>fallback</i>. Otherwise
+ abort these steps; once the plugin is completely loaded, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire
+ a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the element.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Fallback</i>: The <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the element's
+ children, ignoring any leading <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> element children. This is the element's
+ <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a>. If the element has an instantiated <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>, then
+ unload it.</li>
+
+ </ol><p id=object-plugin>When the algorithm above instantiates a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>, the user agent
+ should pass to the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> used the names and values of all the attributes on the
+ element, in the order they were added to the element, with the attributes added by the parser
+ being ordered in source order, followed by a parameter named "PARAM" whose value is null, followed
+ by all the names and values of <a href=#concept-param-parameter title=concept-param-parameter>parameters</a> given by
+ <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> elements that are children of the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element, in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a>. If the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> supports a scriptable interface, the
+ <code><a href=#htmlobjectelement>HTMLObjectElement</a></code> object representing the element should expose that interface. The
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>. The
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> is not a nested <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p id=sandboxPluginObject>Plugins are considered sandboxed for the purpose of an
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element if the <a href=#sandboxed-plugins-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed plugins browsing context flag</a> is set on
+ the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag
+ set</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Due to the algorithm above, the contents of <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements act as <a href=#fallback-content>fallback
+ content</a>, used only when referenced resources can't be shown (e.g. because it returned a 404
+ error). This allows multiple <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements to be nested inside each other,
+ targeting multiple user agents with different capabilities, with the user agent picking the first
+ one it supports.</p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element represents a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>: if the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>
+ is not <a href=#ready-for-post-load-tasks>ready for post-load tasks</a>, and when anything is <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load
+ event">delaying the load event</a> of the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element's <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>, and when the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element's
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is in the <a href=#delaying-load-events-mode>delaying <code title=event-load>load</code>
+ events mode</a>, the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of its
+ document.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> mentioned in this
+ section is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever the <code title=attr-object-name><a href=#attr-object-name>name</a></code> attribute is set, if the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element has a nested <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, its <a href=#browsing-context-name title="browsing
+ context name">name</a> must be changed to the new value. If the attribute is removed, if the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element has a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, the <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context
+ name</a> must be set to the empty string.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attribute, if present while the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element represents an image, can indicate that the object has an associated
+ <a href=#image-map>image map</a>. <span class=impl>The attribute must be ignored if the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element doesn't represent an image.</span></p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute is used to explicitly associate the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element with its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements are always <a href=#barred-from-constraint-validation>barred
+ from constraint validation</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element supports <a href=#dimension-attributes>dimension attributes</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The IDL attributes <dfn id=dom-object-data title=dom-object-data><code>data</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-object-type title=dom-object-type><code>type</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-object-name title=dom-object-name><code>name</code></dfn> each must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective
+ content attributes of the same name. The <dfn id=dom-object-typemustmatch title=dom-object-typeMustMatch><code>typeMustMatch</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-object-typemustmatch><a href=#attr-object-typemustmatch>typemustmatch</a></code> content
+ attribute. The <dfn id=dom-object-usemap title=dom-object-useMap><code>useMap</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-object-contentdocument title=dom-object-contentDocument><code>contentDocument</code></dfn> IDL attribute
+ must return the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, if any and if its
+ <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> is the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script
+ origin</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>, or null otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-object-contentwindow title=dom-object-contentWindow><code>contentWindow</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ return the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object of the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested
+ browsing context</a>, if it has one; otherwise, it must return null.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-cva-willValidate><a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate>willValidate</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-validationMessage><a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage>validationMessage</a></code> attributes, and the <code title=dom-cva-checkValidity><a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity>checkValidity()</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-reportValidity><a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity>reportValidity()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity()</a></code> methods, are part of the
+ <a href=#the-constraint-validation-api>constraint validation API</a>. The <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code> IDL attribute
+ is part of the element's forms API.</p>
+
+ <p>All <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements have a <dfn id=dom-object-caller title=dom-object-caller>legacy caller
+ operation</dfn>. If the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element has an instantiated <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> that
+ supports a scriptable interface that defines a legacy caller operation, then that must be the
+ behavior of the object's legacy caller operation. Otherwise, the object's legacy caller operation
+ must be to throw a <code><a href=#notsupportederror>NotSupportedError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, a Java applet is embedded in a page using the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ element. (Generally speaking, it is better to avoid using applets like these and instead use
+ native JavaScript and HTML to provide the functionality, since that way the application will work
+ on all Web browsers without requiring a third-party plugin. Many devices, especially embedded
+ devices, do not support third-party technologies like Java.)</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;object type="application/x-java-applet"&gt;
+ &lt;param name="code" value="MyJavaClass"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;You do not have Java available, or it is disabled.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/object&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;My Java Clock&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, an HTML page is embedded in another using the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;object data="clock.html"&gt;&lt;/object&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;My HTML Clock&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows how a plugin can be used in HTML (in this case the Flash plugin,
+ to show a video file). Fallback is provided for users who do not have Flash enabled, in this case
+ using the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element to show the video for those using user agents that support
+ <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>, and finally providing a link to the video for those who have neither Flash
+ nor a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>-capable browser.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Look at my video:
+ &lt;object type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;
+ &lt;param name=movie value="http://video.example.com/library/watch.swf"&gt;
+ &lt;param name=allowfullscreen value=true&gt;
+ &lt;param name=flashvars value="http://video.example.com/vids/315981"&gt;
+ &lt;video controls src="http://video.example.com/vids/315981"&gt;
+ &lt;a href="http://video.example.com/vids/315981"&gt;View video&lt;/a&gt;.
+ &lt;/video&gt;
+ &lt;/object&gt;
+&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-param-element><span class=secno>4.7.5 </span>The <dfn><code>param</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element, before any <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-param-name><a href=#attr-param-name>name</a></code> &mdash; Name of parameter</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-param-value><a href=#attr-param-value>value</a></code> &mdash; Value of parameter</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlparamelement>HTMLParamElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-param-name title=dom-param-name>name</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-param-value title=dom-param-value>value</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLParamElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> element defines parameters for plugins invoked by <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ elements. It does not <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> anything on its own.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-param-name title=attr-param-name><code>name</code></dfn> attribute gives the name of the
+ parameter.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-param-value title=attr-param-value><code>value</code></dfn> attribute gives the value of the
+ parameter.</p>
+
+ <p>Both attributes must be present. They may have any value.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If both attributes are present, and if the parent element of the <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> is an
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element, then the element defines a <dfn id=concept-param-parameter title=concept-param-parameter>parameter</dfn> with the given name-value pair.</p>
+
+ <p>If either the name or value of a <a href=#concept-param-parameter title=concept-param-parameter>parameter</a> defined
+ by a <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> element that is the child of an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element that
+ <a href=#represents>represents</a> an instantiated <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> changes, and if that
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> is communicating with the user agent using an API that features the ability to
+ update the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> when the name or value of a <a href=#concept-param-parameter title=concept-param-parameter>parameter</a> so changes, then the user agent must
+ appropriately exercise that ability to notify the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> of the change.</p>
+
+ <p>The IDL attributes <dfn id=dom-param-name title=dom-param-name><code>name</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-param-value title=dom-param-value><code>value</code></dfn> must both <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective
+ content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows how the <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> element can be used to pass a parameter
+ to a plugin, in this case the O3D plugin.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html lang="en"&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;O3D Utah Teapot&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;object type="application/vnd.o3d.auto"&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;param name="o3d_features" value="FloatingPointTextures"&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;img src="o3d-teapot.png"
+ title="3D Utah Teapot illustration rendered using O3D."
+ alt="When O3D renders the Utah Teapot, it appears as a squat
+ teapot with a shiny metallic finish on which the
+ surroundings are reflected, with a faint shadow caused by
+ the lighting."&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;To see the teapot actually rendered by O3D on your
+ computer, please download and install the &lt;a
+ href="http://code.google.com/apis/o3d/docs/gettingstarted.html#install"&gt;O3D plugin&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/object&gt;
+ &lt;script src="o3d-teapot.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Video and Audio-->
+ <h4 id=the-video-element><span class=secno>4.7.6 </span>The <dfn id=video><code>video</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#embedded-content-category>Embedded content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element has a <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> attribute: <a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>If the element has a <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute:
+ zero or more <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> elements, then
+ <a href=#transparent>transparent</a>, but with no <a href=#media-element>media element</a> descendants.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element does not have a <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute: zero or more <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> elements, then
+ zero or more <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> elements, then
+ <a href=#transparent>transparent</a>, but with no <a href=#media-element>media element</a> descendants.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> &mdash; Address of the resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-crossorigin><a href=#attr-media-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> &mdash; How the element handles crossorigin requests</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-video-poster><a href=#attr-video-poster>poster</a></code> &mdash; Poster frame to show prior to video playback</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code> &mdash; Hints how much buffering the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> will likely need</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code> &mdash; Hint that the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> can be started automatically when the page is loaded</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> &mdash; Groups <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> together with an implicit <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-loop><a href=#attr-media-loop>loop</a></code> &mdash; Whether to loop the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-muted><a href=#attr-media-muted>muted</a></code> &mdash; Whether to mute the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> by default</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> &mdash; Show user agent controls</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> &mdash; Horizontal dimension</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code> &mdash; Vertical dimension</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlvideoelement>HTMLVideoElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlmediaelement>HTMLMediaElement</a> {
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-dim-width title=dom-dim-width>width</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-dim-height title=dom-dim-height>height</a>;
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-video-videowidth title=dom-video-videoWidth>videoWidth</a>;
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-video-videoheight title=dom-video-videoHeight>videoHeight</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-video-poster title=dom-video-poster>poster</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>A <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element is used for playing videos or movies, and audio files with
+ captions.</p>
+
+ <p>Content may be provided inside the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element<span class=impl>. User agents
+ should not show this content to the user</span>; it is intended for older Web browsers which do
+ not support <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>, so that legacy video plugins can be tried, or to show text to the
+ users of these older browsers informing them of how to access the video contents.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In particular, this content is not intended to address accessibility concerns. To
+ make video content accessible to the partially sighted, the blind, the hard-of-hearing, the deaf,
+ and those with other physical or cognitive disabilities, a variety of features are available.
+ Captions can be provided, either embedded in the video stream or as external files using the
+ <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element. Sign-language tracks can be provided, again either embedded in the
+ video stream or by synchronizing multiple <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> elements using the <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> attribute or a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>
+ object. Audio descriptions can be provided, either as a separate track embedded in the video
+ stream, or a separate audio track in an <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element <a href=#slaved-media-elements title="slaved media
+ elements">slaved</a> to the same controller as the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element(s), or in text
+ form using a <a href=#webvtt-file>WebVTT file</a> referenced using the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element and
+ synthesized into speech by the user agent. WebVTT can also be used to provide chapter titles. For
+ users who would rather not use a media element at all, transcripts or other textual alternatives
+ can be provided by simply linking to them in the prose near the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element is a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> whose <a href=#media-data>media data</a> is
+ ostensibly video data, possibly with associated audio data.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code>, <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code>, <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code>, <code title=attr-media-loop><a href=#attr-media-loop>loop</a></code>, <code title=attr-media-muted><a href=#attr-media-muted>muted</a></code>, and <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code>
+ attributes are <a href=#media-element-attributes title="media element attributes">the attributes common to all media
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-video-poster title=attr-video-poster><code>poster</code></dfn> attribute gives the address of an
+ image file that the user agent can show while no video data is available. The attribute, if
+ present, must contain a <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the specified resource is to be used, then, when the element is created or when the <code title=attr-video-poster><a href=#attr-video-poster>poster</a></code> attribute is set, changed, or removed, the user agent must
+ run the following steps to determine the element's <dfn id=poster-frame>poster frame</dfn> (regardless of the
+ value of the element's <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a>):</p> <!-- thus it is unaffected by changes
+ to the base URL. -->
+
+ <ol><li><p>If there is an existing instance of this algorithm running for this <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>
+ element, abort that instance of this algorithm without changing the <a href=#poster-frame>poster
+ frame</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code title=attr-video-poster><a href=#attr-video-poster>poster</a></code> attribute's value is the empty string
+ or if the attribute is absent, then there is no <a href=#poster-frame>poster frame</a>; abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the <code title=attr-video-poster><a href=#attr-video-poster>poster</a></code> attribute's value relative to the element. If this fails,
+ then there is no <a href=#poster-frame>poster frame</a>; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fetch>Fetch</a><!--FETCH--> the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, from the element's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#origin>origin</a>. This must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of the
+ element's document.</li>
+
+ <!-- could define how to sniff for an image here -->
+
+ <li><p>If an image is thus obtained, the <a href=#poster-frame>poster frame</a> is that image. Otherwise,
+ there is no <a href=#poster-frame>poster frame</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p class=note>The image given by the <code title=attr-video-poster><a href=#attr-video-poster>poster</a></code> attribute,
+ the <i><a href=#poster-frame>poster frame</a></i>, is intended to be a representative frame of the video (typically one of
+ the first non-blank frames) that gives the user an idea of what the video is like.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>A <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element represents what is given for the first matching condition in the
+ list below:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>When no video data is available (the element's <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is either <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>, or <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code> but no video data has yet been obtained at
+ all, or the element's <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is any
+ subsequent value but the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> does not have a video channel)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> its <a href=#poster-frame>poster frame</a>, if any,
+ or else transparent black with no intrinsic dimensions.</dd>
+
+ <dt>When the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element is <a href=#dom-media-paused title=dom-media-paused>paused</a>, the <a href=#current-playback-position title="current playback position">current playback position</a> is the first frame of video,
+ and the element's <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> is set</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> its <a href=#poster-frame>poster frame</a>, if any,
+ or else the first frame of the video.</dd>
+
+ <dt>When the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element is <a href=#dom-media-paused title=dom-media-paused>paused</a>, and the
+ frame of video corresponding to the <a href=#current-playback-position title="current playback position">current playback
+ position</a> is not available (e.g. because the video is seeking or buffering)</dt>
+
+ <dt>When the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element is neither <a href=#potentially-playing>potentially playing</a> nor <a href=#dom-media-paused title=dom-media-paused>paused</a> (e.g. when seeking or stalled)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the last frame of the video to have
+ been rendered.</dd>
+
+ <dt>When the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element is <a href=#dom-media-paused title=dom-media-paused>paused</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>The <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the frame of video corresponding to
+ the <a href=#current-playback-position title="current playback position">current playback position</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise (the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element has a video channel and is <a href=#potentially-playing>potentially
+ playing</a>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the frame of video at the continuously
+ increasing <a href=#current-playback-position title="current playback position">"current" position</a>. When the
+ <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> changes such that the last frame rendered is no longer the
+ frame corresponding to the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> in the video, the new frame
+ must be rendered.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>Which frame in a video stream corresponds to a particular playback position is
+ defined by the video stream's format.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element also <a href=#represents>represents</a> any <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track
+ cue">text track cues</a> whose <a href=#text-track-cue-active-flag>text track cue active flag</a> is set and whose
+ <a href=#text-track>text track</a> is in the <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track showing">showing</a> mode, and any
+ audio from the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, at the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any audio associated with the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> must, if played, be played
+ synchronised with the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>, at the element's <a href=#effective-media-volume>effective
+ media volume</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>In addition to the above, the user agent may provide messages to the user (such as "buffering",
+ "no video loaded", "error", or more detailed information) by overlaying text or icons on the video
+ or other areas of the element's playback area, or in another appropriate manner.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents that cannot render the video may instead make the element <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> a link to an external video playback utility or to the video
+ data itself.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element's <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> has a video channel, the
+ element <a href=#provides-a-paint-source>provides a paint source</a> whose width is the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>'s
+ <a href=#concept-video-intrinsic-width title=concept-video-intrinsic-width>intrinsic width</a>, whose height is the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>'s <a href=#concept-video-intrinsic-height title=concept-video-intrinsic-height>intrinsic
+ height</a>, and whose appearance is the frame of video corresponding to the <a href=#current-playback-position title="current playback position">current playback position</a>, if that is available, or else
+ (e.g. when the video is seeking or buffering) its previous appearance, if any, or else (e.g.
+ because the video is still loading the first frame) blackness.</p>
+
+ <hr></div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">video</var> . <code title=dom-video-videoWidth><a href=#dom-video-videowidth>videoWidth</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">video</var> . <code title=dom-video-videoHeight><a href=#dom-video-videoheight>videoHeight</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>These attributes return the intrinsic dimensions of the video,
+ or zero if the dimensions are not known.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-video-intrinsic-width title=concept-video-intrinsic-width>intrinsic width</dfn> and <dfn id=concept-video-intrinsic-height title=concept-video-intrinsic-height>intrinsic height</dfn> of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>
+ are the dimensions of the resource in CSS pixels after taking into account the resource's
+ dimensions, aspect ratio, clean aperture, resolution, and so forth, as defined for the format used
+ by the resource. If an anamorphic format does not define how to apply the aspect ratio to the
+ video data's dimensions to obtain the "correct" dimensions, then the user agent must apply the
+ ratio by increasing one dimension and leaving the other unchanged.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-video-videowidth title=dom-video-videoWidth><code>videoWidth</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return
+ the <a href=#concept-video-intrinsic-width title=concept-video-intrinsic-width>intrinsic width</a> of the video in CSS pixels.
+ The <dfn id=dom-video-videoheight title=dom-video-videoHeight><code>videoHeight</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return
+ the <a href=#concept-video-intrinsic-height title=concept-video-intrinsic-height>intrinsic height</a> of the video in CSS
+ pixels. If the element's <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>, then the attributes must return 0.</p>
+
+ <p id=dimUpdate>Whenever the <a href=#concept-video-intrinsic-width title=concept-video-intrinsic-width>intrinsic width</a>
+ or <a href=#concept-video-intrinsic-height title=concept-video-intrinsic-height>intrinsic height</a> of the video changes
+ (including, for example, because the <a href=#dom-videotrack-selected title=dom-VideoTrack-selected>selected video
+ track</a> was changed), if the element's <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code>
+ attribute is not <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>, the user agent must
+ <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-resize><a href=#event-media-resize>resize</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element supports <a href=#dimension-attributes>dimension attributes</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>In the absence of style rules to the contrary, video content should be rendered inside the
+ element's playback area such that the video content is shown centered in the playback area at the
+ largest possible size that fits completely within it, with the video content's aspect ratio being
+ preserved. Thus, if the aspect ratio of the playback area does not match the aspect ratio of the
+ video, the video will be shown letterboxed or pillarboxed. Areas of the element's playback area
+ that do not contain the video represent nothing.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In user agents that implement CSS, the above requirement can be implemented by
+ using the <a href=#video-object-fit>style rule suggested in the rendering section</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The intrinsic width of a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element's playback area is the intrinsic width of
+ the <a href=#poster-frame>poster frame</a>, if that is available and the element currently
+ <a href=#represents>represents</a> its poster frame; otherwise, it is the <a href=#concept-video-intrinsic-width title=concept-video-intrinsic-width>intrinsic width</a> of the video resource, if that is
+ available; otherwise the intrinsic width is missing.</p>
+
+ <p>The intrinsic height of a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element's playback area is the intrinsic height of
+ the <a href=#poster-frame>poster frame</a>, if that is available and the element currently
+ <a href=#represents>represents</a> its poster frame; otherwise it is the <a href=#concept-video-intrinsic-height title=concept-video-intrinsic-height>intrinsic height</a> of the video resource, if that is
+ available; otherwise the intrinsic height is missing.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#default-object-size>default object size</a> is a width of 300 CSS pixels and a height of 150 CSS
+ pixels. <a href=#refsCSSIMAGES>[CSSIMAGES]</a></p>
+
+ <hr><p>User agents should provide controls to enable or disable the display of closed captions, audio
+ description tracks, and other additional data associated with the video stream, though such
+ features should, again, not interfere with the page's normal rendering.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may allow users to view the video content in manners more suitable to the user
+ (e.g. full-screen or in an independent resizable window). As for the other user interface
+ features, controls to enable this should not interfere with the page's normal rendering unless the
+ user agent is <a href=#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user title="expose a user interface to the user">exposing a user interface</a>.
+ In such an independent context, however, user agents may make full user interfaces visible, with,
+ e.g., play, pause, seeking, and volume controls, even if the <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> attribute is absent.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may allow video playback to affect system features that could interfere with the
+ user's experience; for example, user agents could disable screensavers while video playback is in
+ progress.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-video-poster title=dom-video-poster><code>poster</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-video-poster><a href=#attr-video-poster>poster</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows how to detect when a video has failed to play correctly:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;script&gt;
+ function failed(e) {
+ // video playback failed - show a message saying why
+ switch (e.target.error.code) {
+ case e.target.error.MEDIA_ERR_ABORTED:
+ alert('You aborted the video playback.');
+ break;
+ case e.target.error.MEDIA_ERR_NETWORK:
+ alert('A network error caused the video download to fail part-way.');
+ break;
+ case e.target.error.MEDIA_ERR_DECODE:
+ alert('The video playback was aborted due to a corruption problem or because the video used features your browser did not support.');
+ break;
+ case e.target.error.MEDIA_ERR_SRC_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+ alert('The video could not be loaded, either because the server or network failed or because the format is not supported.');
+ break;
+ default:
+ alert('An unknown error occurred.');
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;video src="tgif.vid" autoplay controls onerror="failed(event)"&gt;&lt;/video&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="tgif.vid"&gt;Download the video file&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <!--CODECS
+
+ <div class="impl">
+
+ <h5>Video and audio codecs for <code>video</code> elements</h5>
+
+ <p>User agents may support any video and audio codecs and container formats.</p>
+
+ <p class="note">Certain user agents might support no codecs at all, e.g. text browsers running
+ over SSH connections.</p>
+
+ <!- - similar note in audio codecs section - ->
+ <p class="note">Implementations are free to implement support for video codecs either natively, or
+ using platform-specific APIs, or using plugins: this specification does not specify how codecs are
+ to be implemented.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ (when replacing this text, also fix "- -" nested comments)-->
+
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-audio-element><span class=secno>4.7.7 </span>The <dfn id=audio><code>audio</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#embedded-content-category>Embedded content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element has a <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> attribute: <a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element has a <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> attribute: <a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>If the element has a <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute:
+zero or more <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> elements, then
+<a href=#transparent>transparent</a>, but with no <a href=#media-element>media element</a> descendants.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element does not have a <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute: zero or more <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> elements, then
+ zero or more <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> elements, then
+ <a href=#transparent>transparent</a>, but with no <a href=#media-element>media element</a> descendants.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> &mdash; Address of the resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-crossorigin><a href=#attr-media-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> &mdash; How the element handles crossorigin requests</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code> &mdash; Hints how much buffering the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> will likely need</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code> &mdash; Hint that the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> can be started automatically when the page is loaded</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> &mdash; Groups <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> together with an implicit <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-loop><a href=#attr-media-loop>loop</a></code> &mdash; Whether to loop the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-muted><a href=#attr-media-muted>muted</a></code> &mdash; Whether to mute the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> by default</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> &mdash; Show user agent controls</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>[NamedConstructor=<a href=#dom-audio title=dom-Audio>Audio</a>(optional DOMString src)]
+interface <dfn id=htmlaudioelement>HTMLAudioElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlmediaelement>HTMLMediaElement</a> {};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>An <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a sound or audio stream.</p>
+
+ <!-- v2 (actually v3) suggestions:
+ * Audio syntesis. Use cases from Charles Pritchard:
+ > Use a sound of varying pitch to hint to a user the location of their
+ > mouse (is it hovering over a button, is it x/y pixels away from the edge
+ > of the screen, how close is it to the center).
+ >
+ > Alter the pitch of a sound to make a very cheap midi instrument.
+ >
+ > Pre-mix a few generated sounds, because the client processor is slow.
+ >
+ > Alter the pitch of an actual audio recording, and pre-mix it, to give
+ > different sounding voices to pre-recorded readings of a single text. As
+ > has been tried for "male" "female" sound fonts.
+ >
+ > Support very simple audio codecs, and programmable synthesizers.
+ -->
+
+ <p>Content may be provided inside the <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element<span class=impl>. User agents
+ should not show this content to the user</span>; it is intended for older Web browsers which do
+ not support <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>, so that legacy audio plugins can be tried, or to show text to the
+ users of these older browsers informing them of how to access the audio contents.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In particular, this content is not intended to address accessibility concerns. To
+ make audio content accessible to the deaf or to those with other physical or cognitive
+ disabilities, a variety of features are available. If captions or a sign language video are
+ available, the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element can be used instead of the <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element to
+ play the audio, allowing users to enable the visual alternatives. Chapter titles can be provided
+ to aid navigation, using the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element and a <a href=#webvtt-file>WebVTT file</a>. And,
+ naturally, transcripts or other textual alternatives can be provided by simply linking to them in
+ the prose near the <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element is a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> whose <a href=#media-data>media data</a> is
+ ostensibly audio data.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code>, <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code>, <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code>, <code title=attr-media-loop><a href=#attr-media-loop>loop</a></code>, <code title=attr-media-muted><a href=#attr-media-muted>muted</a></code>, and <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code>
+ attributes are <a href=#media-element-attributes title="media element attributes">the attributes common to all media
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element is <a href=#potentially-playing>potentially playing</a>, it must have its audio
+ data played synchronised with the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>, at the element's
+ <a href=#effective-media-volume>effective media volume</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element is not <a href=#potentially-playing>potentially playing</a>, audio must not play
+ for the element.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">audio</var> = new <code title=dom-Audio><a href=#dom-audio>Audio</a></code>( [ <var title="">url</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a new <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element, with the <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute set to the value passed in the argument, if applicable.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A constructor is provided for creating <code><a href=#htmlaudioelement>HTMLAudioElement</a></code> objects (in addition to
+ the factory methods from DOM such as <code title="">createElement()</code>): <dfn id=dom-audio title=dom-Audio><code>Audio(<var title="">src</var>)</code></dfn>. When invoked as a
+ constructor, it must return a new <code><a href=#htmlaudioelement>HTMLAudioElement</a></code> object (a new <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>
+ element). The element must be created with its <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code>
+ attribute set to the literal value "<code title=attr-media-preload-auto><a href=#attr-media-preload-auto>auto</a></code>". If the
+ <var title="">src</var> argument is present, the object created must be created with its <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> content attribute set to the provided value (this will <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm-at-creation>cause the user agent to invoke</a> the object's
+ <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection algorithm</a> before returning).
+ The element's document must be the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which the interface object of the invoked
+ constructor is found.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <!--CODECS
+
+ <div class="impl">
+
+ <h5>Audio codecs for <code>audio</code> elements</h5>
+
+ <p>User agents may support any audio codecs and container formats.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must support the WAVE container format with audio encoded using the 16 bit PCM (LE)
+ codec, at sampling frequencies of 11.025kHz, 22.050kHz, and 44.100kHz, and for both mono and
+ stereo. <a href="#- -refsWAVE">[WAVE]</a></p>
+
+ <!- -
+ <dt id="- -refsWAVE">WAVE</dt>
+ <dd>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAV? </dd>
+ - ->
+
+ <!- - similar note in video codecs section - ->
+ <p class="note">Implementations are free to implement support for audio codecs either natively, or
+ using platform-specific APIs, or using plugins: this specification does not specify how codecs are
+ to be implemented.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ (when replacing this text, also fix "- -" nested comments)-->
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-source-element><span class=secno>4.7.8 </span>The <dfn><code>source</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, before any <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>
+ or <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-source-src><a href=#attr-source-src>src</a></code> &mdash; Address of the resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-source-type><a href=#attr-source-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Type of embedded resource</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlsourceelement>HTMLSourceElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-source-src title=dom-source-src>src</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-source-type title=dom-source-type>type</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> element allows authors to specify multiple alternative <a href=#media-resource title="media resource">media resources</a> for <a href=#media-element title="media element">media
+ elements</a>. It does not <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> anything on its own.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-source-src title=attr-source-src><code>src</code></dfn> attribute gives the address of the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>. The value must be a <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded
+ by spaces</a>. This attribute must be present.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Dynamically modifying a <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> element and its attribute when the
+ element is already inserted in a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element will have no
+ effect. To change what is playing, just use the <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute
+ on the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> directly, possibly making use of the <code title=dom-navigator-canPlayType><a href=#dom-navigator-canplaytype>canPlayType()</a></code> method to pick from amongst available
+ resources. Generally, manipulating <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> elements manually after the document has
+ been parsed is an unnecessarily complicated approach.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-source-type title=attr-source-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute gives the type of the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, to help the user agent determine if it can play this <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a> before fetching it. If specified, its value must be a <a href=#valid-mime-type>valid MIME
+ type</a>. The <code title="">codecs</code> parameter, which certain MIME types define, might be
+ necessary to specify exactly how the resource is encoded. <a href=#refsRFC4281>[RFC4281]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following list shows some examples of how to use the <code title="">codecs=</code> MIME
+ parameter in the <code title=attr-source-type><a href=#attr-source-type>type</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>H.264 Constrained baseline profile video (main and extended video compatible) level 3 and Low-Complexity AAC audio in MP4 container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.42E01E, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>H.264 Extended profile video (baseline-compatible) level 3 and Low-Complexity AAC audio in MP4 container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.58A01E, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>H.264 Main profile video level 3 and Low-Complexity AAC audio in MP4 container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.4D401E, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>H.264 'High' profile video (incompatible with main, baseline, or extended profiles) level 3 and Low-Complexity AAC audio in MP4 container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.64001E, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>MPEG-4 Visual Simple Profile Level 0 video and Low-Complexity AAC audio in MP4 container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="mp4v.20.8, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile Level 0 video and Low-Complexity AAC audio in MP4 container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="mp4v.20.240, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>MPEG-4 Visual Simple Profile Level 0 video and AMR audio in 3GPP container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.3gp' type='video/3gpp; codecs="mp4v.20.8, samr"'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Theora video and Vorbis audio in Ogg container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.ogv' type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>Theora video and Speex audio in Ogg container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.ogv' type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, speex"'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>Vorbis audio alone in Ogg container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='audio.ogg' type='audio/ogg; codecs=vorbis'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>Speex audio alone in Ogg container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='audio.spx' type='audio/ogg; codecs=speex'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>FLAC audio alone in Ogg container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='audio.oga' type='audio/ogg; codecs=flac'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>Dirac video and Vorbis audio in Ogg container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.ogv' type='video/ogg; codecs="dirac, vorbis"'&gt;</pre></dd>
+
+<!-- awaiting definition by the Matroska guys:
+ <dt>Theora video and Vorbis audio in Matroska container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mkv' type='video/x-matroska; codecs="theora, vorbis"'></pre></dd>
+-->
+
+<!-- awaiting definition by the Ogg or BBC guys:
+ <dt>Dirac video and Vorbis audio in Matroska container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mkv' type='video/x-matroska; codecs='></pre></dd>
+-->
+
+<!-- awaiting definition by the Microsoft guys:
+ <dt>WMV9 video and WMA 2 audio in ASF container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.wmv' type='video/x-ms-wmv; codecs='></pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>WMV8 video and WMA 2 audio in ASF container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.wmv' type='video/x-ms-wmv; codecs='></pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>VC-1 video and WMA 10 Pro audio in ASF container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.wmv' type='video/x-ms-wmv; codecs='></pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>XviD video and MP3 audio in AVI container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.avi' type='video/x-msvideo; codecs='></pre></dd>
+
+ <dt>Motion-JPEG video and uncompressed PCM audio in AVI container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.avi' type='video/x-msvideo; codecs='></pre></dd>
+-->
+
+<!-- awaiting definition by Real:
+ <dt>Real Video 10 video and High-Efficiency AAC audio in Real Media container</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.rm' type='application/vnd.rn-realmedia; codecs='></pre></dd>
+-->
+
+<!-- undefined:
+ <dt>MPEG-1 video and MPEG-1 Audio Layer II audio in MPEG-1 program stream</dt>
+ <dd><pre>&lt;source src='video.mpg' type='video/mpeg; codecs='></pre></dd>
+-->
+
+ </dl></div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> element is inserted as a child of a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> that
+ has no <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute and whose <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> has the value <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code>, the user agent must invoke the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>'s <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection
+ algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The IDL attributes <dfn id=dom-source-src title=dom-source-src><code>src</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-source-type title=dom-source-type><code>type</code></dfn> must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content
+ attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>If the author isn't sure if user agents will all be able to render the media resources
+ provided, the author can listen to the <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> event on the last
+ <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> element and trigger fallback behavior:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;script&gt;
+ function fallback(video) {
+ // replace &lt;video&gt; with its contents
+ while (video.hasChildNodes()) {
+ if (video.firstChild instanceof HTMLSourceElement)
+ video.removeChild(video.firstChild);
+ else
+ video.parentNode.insertBefore(video.firstChild, video);
+ }
+ video.parentNode.removeChild(video);
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;video controls autoplay&gt;
+ &lt;source src='video.mp4' type='video/mp4; codecs="avc1.42E01E, mp4a.40.2"'&gt;
+ &lt;source src='video.ogv' type='video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"'
+ onerror="fallback(parentNode)"&gt;
+ ...
+&lt;/video&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Video Text Tracks-->
+ <h4 id=the-track-element><span class=secno>4.7.9 </span>The <dfn><code>track</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, before any <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>kind</a></code> &mdash; The type of text track</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-track-src><a href=#attr-track-src>src</a></code> &mdash; Address of the resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-track-srclang><a href=#attr-track-srclang>srclang</a></code> &mdash; Language of the text track</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-track-label><a href=#attr-track-label>label</a></code> &mdash; User-visible label</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-track-default><a href=#attr-track-default>default</a></code> &mdash; Enable the track if no other <a href=#text-track>text track</a> is more suitable</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltrackelement>HTMLTrackElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-track-kind title=dom-track-kind>kind</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-track-src title=dom-track-src>src</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-track-srclang title=dom-track-srclang>srclang</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-track-label title=dom-track-label>label</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-track-default title=dom-track-default>default</a>;
+
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-track-none title=dom-track-NONE>NONE</a> = 0;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-track-loading title=dom-track-LOADING>LOADING</a> = 1;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-track-loaded title=dom-track-LOADED>LOADED</a> = 2;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-track-error title=dom-track-ERROR>ERROR</a> = 3;
+ readonly attribute unsigned short <a href=#dom-track-readystate title=dom-track-readyState>readyState</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a> <a href=#dom-track-track title=dom-track-track>track</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element allows authors to specify explicit external timed <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> for <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a>. It
+ does not <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> anything on its own.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-track-kind title=attr-track-kind><code>kind</code></dfn> attribute is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated
+ attribute</a>. The following table lists the keywords defined for this attribute. The keyword
+ given in the first cell of each row maps to the state given in the second cell.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Keyword
+ <th>State
+ <th>Brief description
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=attr-track-kind-keyword-subtitles title=attr-track-kind-keyword-subtitles><code>subtitles</code></dfn>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-track-kind-subtitles title=attr-track-kind-subtitles>Subtitles</dfn>
+ <td>
+ Transcription or translation of the dialogue, suitable for when the sound is available but not understood (e.g. because the user does not understand the language of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>'s audio track).
+ Overlaid on the video.
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-track-kind-keyword-captions title=attr-track-kind-keyword-captions><code>captions</code></dfn>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-track-kind-captions title=attr-track-kind-captions>Captions</dfn>
+ <td>
+ Transcription or translation of the dialogue, sound effects, relevant musical cues, and other relevant audio information, suitable for when sound is unavailable or not clearly audible (e.g. because it is muted, drowned-out by ambient noise, or because the user is deaf).
+ Overlaid on the video; labeled as appropriate for the hard-of-hearing.
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-track-kind-keyword-descriptions title=attr-track-kind-keyword-descriptions><code>descriptions</code></dfn>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-track-kind-descriptions title=attr-track-kind-descriptions>Descriptions</dfn>
+ <td>
+ Textual descriptions of the video component of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, intended for audio synthesis when the visual component is obscured, unavailable, or not usable (e.g. because the user is interacting with the application without a screen while driving, or because the user is blind).
+ Synthesized as audio.
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-track-kind-keyword-chapters title=attr-track-kind-keyword-chapters><code>chapters</code></dfn>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-track-kind-chapters title=attr-track-kind-chapters>Chapters</dfn>
+ <td>
+ Chapter titles, intended to be used for navigating the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>.
+ Displayed as an interactive (potentially nested) list in the user agent's interface.
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-track-kind-keyword-metadata title=attr-track-kind-keyword-metadata><code>metadata</code></dfn>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-track-kind-metadata title=attr-track-kind-metadata>Metadata</dfn>
+ <td>
+ Tracks intended for use from script.
+ Not displayed by the user agent.
+ </table><p>The attribute may be omitted. The <i>missing value default</i> is the <a href=#attr-track-kind-subtitles title=attr-track-kind-subtitles>subtitles</a> state.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-track-src title=attr-track-src><code>src</code></dfn> attribute gives the address of the text
+ track data. The value must be a <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>.
+ This attribute must be present.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element has a <code title=attr-track-src><a href=#attr-track-src>src</a></code> attribute whose value is not the
+ empty string and whose value, when the attribute was set, could be successfully <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolved</a> relative to the element, then the element's <dfn id=track-url>track
+ URL</dfn> is the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>. Otherwise, the element's <a href=#track-url>track
+ URL</a> is the empty string.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>If the element's <a href=#track-url>track URL</a> identifies a <a href=#webvtt>WebVTT</a> resource, and the
+ element's <code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>kind</a></code> attribute is not in the <a href=#attr-track-kind-metadata title=attr-track-kind-metadata>metadata</a> state, then the <a href=#webvtt>WebVTT</a> file must be
+ a <a href=#webvtt-file-using-cue-text>WebVTT file using cue text</a>. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Furthermore, if the element's <a href=#track-url>track URL</a> identifies a <a href=#webvtt>WebVTT</a> resource,
+ and the element's <code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>kind</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-track-kind-chapters title=attr-track-kind-chapters>chapters</a> state, then the <a href=#webvtt>WebVTT</a> file must be
+ both a <a href=#webvtt-file-using-chapter-title-text>WebVTT file using chapter title text</a> and a <a href=#webvtt-file-using-only-nested-cues>WebVTT file using only nested
+ cues</a>. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-track-srclang title=attr-track-srclang><code>srclang</code></dfn> attribute gives the language of
+ the text track data. The value must be a valid BCP 47 language tag. This attribute must be present
+ if the element's <code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>kind</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-track-kind-subtitles title=attr-track-kind-subtitles>subtitles</a> state. <a href=#refsBCP47>[BCP47]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element has a <code title=attr-track-srclang><a href=#attr-track-srclang>srclang</a></code> attribute whose value is
+ not the empty string, then the element's <dfn id=track-language>track language</dfn> is the value of the attribute.
+ Otherwise, the element has no <a href=#track-language>track language</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-track-label title=attr-track-label><code>label</code></dfn> attribute gives a user-readable
+ title for the track. This title is used by user agents when listing <a href=#attr-track-kind-subtitles title=attr-track-kind-subtitles>subtitle</a>, <a href=#attr-track-kind-captions title=attr-track-kind-captions>caption</a>, and <a href=#attr-track-kind-descriptions title=attr-track-kind-descriptions>audio description</a> tracks in their user interface.</p>
+
+ <p>The value of the <code title=attr-track-label><a href=#attr-track-label>label</a></code> attribute, if the attribute is
+ present, must not be the empty string. Furthermore, there must not be two <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code>
+ element children of the same <a href=#media-element>media element</a> whose <code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>kind</a></code> attributes are in the same state, whose <code title=attr-track-srclang><a href=#attr-track-srclang>srclang</a></code> attributes are both missing or have values that
+ represent the same language, and whose <code title=attr-track-label><a href=#attr-track-label>label</a></code> attributes are
+ again both missing or both have the same value.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element has a <code title=attr-track-label><a href=#attr-track-label>label</a></code> attribute whose value is not
+ the empty string, then the element's <dfn id=track-label>track label</dfn> is the value of the attribute.
+ Otherwise, the element's <a href=#track-label>track label</a> is an empty string.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-track-default title=attr-track-default><code>default</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>, which, if specified, indicates that the track is to be enabled if the user's
+ preferences do not indicate that another track would be more appropriate.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#media-element>media element</a> must have no more than one <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element child
+ whose <code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>kind</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-track-kind-subtitles title=attr-track-kind-subtitles>subtitles</a> or <a href=#attr-track-kind-captions title=attr-track-kind-captions>captions</a> state and whose <code title=attr-track-default><a href=#attr-track-default>default</a></code> attribute is specified.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#media-element>media element</a> must have no more than one <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element child
+ whose <code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>kind</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-track-kind-descriptions title=attr-track-kind-descriptions>description</a> state and whose <code title=attr-track-default><a href=#attr-track-default>default</a></code> attribute is specified.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#media-element>media element</a> must have no more than one <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element child
+ whose <code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>kind</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-track-kind-chapters title=attr-track-kind-chapters>chapters</a> state and whose <code title=attr-track-default><a href=#attr-track-default>default</a></code> attribute is specified.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>There is no limit on the number of <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>kind</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-track-kind-metadata title=attr-track-kind-metadata>metadata</a> state and whose <code title=attr-track-default><a href=#attr-track-default>default</a></code> attribute is specified.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">track</var> . <code title=dom-track-readyState><a href=#dom-track-readystate>readyState</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#text-track-readiness-state>text track readiness state</a>,
+ represented by a number from the following list:</p>
+ <dl><dt><var title="">track</var> . <code title=dom-track-NONE><a href=#dom-track-none>NONE</a></code> (0)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-not-loaded>text track not loaded</a> state.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt><var title="">track</var> . <code title=dom-track-LOADING><a href=#dom-track-loading>LOADING</a></code> (1)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-loading>text track loading</a> state.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt><var title="">track</var> . <code title=dom-track-LOADED><a href=#dom-track-loaded>LOADED</a></code> (2)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-loaded>text track loaded</a> state.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt><var title="">track</var> . <code title=dom-track-ERROR><a href=#dom-track-error>ERROR</a></code> (3)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-failed-to-load>text track failed to load</a> state.</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">track</var> . <code title=dom-track-track><a href=#dom-track-track>track</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object corresponding to the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> of the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-track-readystate title=dom-track-readyState><code>readyState</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ numeric value corresponding to the <a href=#text-track-readiness-state>text track readiness state</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element's <a href=#text-track>text track</a>, as defined by the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-track-none title=dom-track-NONE><code>NONE</code></dfn> (numeric value 0)</dt>
+ <dd>The <a href=#text-track-not-loaded>text track not loaded</a> state.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-track-loading title=dom-track-LOADING><code>LOADING</code></dfn> (numeric value 1)</dt>
+ <dd>The <a href=#text-track-loading>text track loading</a> state.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-track-loaded title=dom-track-LOADED><code>LOADED</code></dfn> (numeric value 2)</dt>
+ <dd>The <a href=#text-track-loaded>text track loaded</a> state.</dd>
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-track-error title=dom-track-ERROR><code>ERROR</code></dfn> (numeric value 3)</dt>
+ <dd>The <a href=#text-track-failed-to-load>text track failed to load</a> state.</dd>
+ </dl><p>The <dfn id=dom-track-track title=dom-track-track><code>track</code></dfn> IDL attribute must, on getting,
+ return the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element's <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s corresponding
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-track-src title=dom-track-src><code>src</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-track-srclang title=dom-track-srclang><code>srclang</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-track-label title=dom-track-label><code>label</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-track-default title=dom-track-default><code>default</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ respective content attributes of the same name. The <dfn id=dom-track-kind title=dom-track-kind><code>kind</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content
+ attribute of the same name, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This video has subtitles in several languages:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;video src="brave.webm"&gt;
+ &lt;track kind=subtitles src=brave.en.vtt srclang=en label="English"&gt;
+ &lt;track kind=captions src=brave.en.hoh.vtt srclang=en label="English for the Hard of Hearing"&gt;
+ &lt;track kind=subtitles src=brave.fr.vtt srclang=fr lang=fr label="Fran&ccedil;ais"&gt;
+ &lt;track kind=subtitles src=brave.de.vtt srclang=de lang=de label="Deutsch"&gt;
+&lt;/video&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>(The <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> attributes on the last two describe the language of
+ the <code title=attr-track-label><a href=#attr-track-label>label</a></code> attribute, not the language of the subtitles
+ themselves. The language of the subtitles is given by the <code title=attr-track-srclang><a href=#attr-track-srclang>srclang</a></code> attribute.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:Video and Audio-->
+ <h4 id=media-elements><span class=secno>4.7.10 </span>Media elements</h4>
+
+ <p><dfn id=media-element title="media element">Media elements</dfn> (<code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>, in
+ this specification) implement the following interface:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>enum <dfn id=canplaytyperesult>CanPlayTypeResult</dfn> { "" /* <a href=#dom-canplaytyperesult-nil title=dom-CanPlayTypeResult-nil>empty string</a> */, "<a href=#dom-canplaytyperesult-maybe title=dom-CanPlayTypeResult-maybe>maybe</a>", "<a href=#dom-canplaytyperesult-probably title=dom-CanPlayTypeResult-probably>probably</a>" };
+interface <dfn id=htmlmediaelement>HTMLMediaElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+
+ // error state
+ readonly attribute <a href=#mediaerror>MediaError</a>? <a href=#dom-media-error title=dom-media-error>error</a>;
+
+ // network state
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-media-src title=dom-media-src>src</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-media-currentsrc title=dom-media-currentSrc>currentSrc</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-media-crossorigin title=dom-media-crossOrigin>crossOrigin</a>;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-media-network_empty title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY>NETWORK_EMPTY</a> = 0;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-media-network_idle title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE>NETWORK_IDLE</a> = 1;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-media-network_loading title=dom-media-NETWORK_LOADING>NETWORK_LOADING</a> = 2;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-media-network_no_source title=dom-media-NETWORK_NO_SOURCE>NETWORK_NO_SOURCE</a> = 3;
+ readonly attribute unsigned short <a href=#dom-media-networkstate title=dom-media-networkState>networkState</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-media-preload title=dom-media-preload>preload</a>;
+<!--v3BUF readonly attribute double <span title="dom-media-bufferingRate">bufferingRate</span>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <span title="dom-media-bufferingThrottled">bufferingThrottled</span>;
+--> readonly attribute <a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a> <a href=#dom-media-buffered title=dom-media-buffered>buffered</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-media-load title=dom-media-load>load</a>();
+ <a href=#canplaytyperesult>CanPlayTypeResult</a> <a href=#dom-navigator-canplaytype title=dom-navigator-canPlayType>canPlayType</a>(DOMString type);
+
+ // ready state
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-media-have_nothing title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING>HAVE_NOTHING</a> = 0;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-media-have_metadata title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA>HAVE_METADATA</a> = 1;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-media-have_current_data title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a> = 2;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-media-have_future_data title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a> = 3;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-media-have_enough_data title=dom-media-HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA>HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA</a> = 4;
+ readonly attribute unsigned short <a href=#dom-media-readystate title=dom-media-readyState>readyState</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-media-seeking title=dom-media-seeking>seeking</a>;
+
+ // playback state
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-media-currenttime title=dom-media-currentTime>currentTime</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-media-fastseek title=dom-media-fastSeek>fastSeek</a>(double time);
+ readonly attribute unrestricted double <a href=#dom-media-duration title=dom-media-duration>duration</a>;
+ <span>Date</span> <a href=#dom-media-getstartdate title=dom-media-getStartDate>getStartDate</a>();
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-media-paused title=dom-media-paused>paused</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-media-defaultplaybackrate title=dom-media-defaultPlaybackRate>defaultPlaybackRate</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-media-playbackrate title=dom-media-playbackRate>playbackRate</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a> <a href=#dom-media-played title=dom-media-played>played</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a> <a href=#dom-media-seekable title=dom-media-seekable>seekable</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-media-ended title=dom-media-ended>ended</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-media-autoplay title=dom-media-autoplay>autoplay</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-media-loop title=dom-media-loop>loop</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-media-play title=dom-media-play>play</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-media-pause title=dom-media-pause>pause</a>();
+
+ // media controller
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-media-mediagroup title=dom-media-mediaGroup>mediaGroup</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a>? <a href=#dom-media-controller title=dom-media-controller>controller</a>;
+
+ // controls
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-media-controls title=dom-media-controls>controls</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-media-volume title=dom-media-volume>volume</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-media-muted title=dom-media-muted>muted</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-media-defaultmuted title=dom-media-defaultMuted>defaultMuted</a>;
+
+ // tracks
+ readonly attribute <a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a> <a href=#dom-media-audiotracks title=dom-media-audioTracks>audioTracks</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a> <a href=#dom-media-videotracks title=dom-media-videoTracks>videoTracks</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a> <a href=#dom-media-texttracks title=dom-media-textTracks>textTracks</a>;
+ <a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a> <a href=#dom-media-addtexttrack title=dom-media-addTextTrack>addTextTrack</a>(<a href=#texttrackkind>TextTrackKind</a> kind, optional DOMString label = "", optional DOMString language = "");
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=media-element-attributes>media element attributes</dfn>, <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code>, <code title=attr-media-crossorigin><a href=#attr-media-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code>, <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code>, <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code>, <code title=attr-media-loop><a href=#attr-media-loop>loop</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-media-muted><a href=#attr-media-muted>muted</a></code>, and <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code>, apply to all <a href=#media-element title="media element">media
+ elements</a>. They are defined in this section.</p>
+
+ <!-- proposed v2 (actually v3!) features:
+ * frame forward / backwards / step(n) while paused
+ * per-frame control: get current frame; set current frame
+ * queue of content
+ - pause current stream and insert content at front of queue to play immediately
+ - pre-download another stream
+ - add stream(s) to play at end of current stream
+ - pause playback upon reaching a certain time
+ - playlists, with the ability to get metadata out of them (e.g. xspf)
+ * general meta data, implemented as getters (don't expose the whole thing)
+ - getMetadata(key: string, language: string) => HTMLImageElement or string
+ - onmetadatachanged (no context info)
+ - general custom metadata store (ratings, etc.)
+ * video: applying CSS filters
+ * an event to notify people of when the video size changes
+ (e.g. for chained Ogg streams of multiple independent videos)
+ (or for when the current video track changes)
+ * balance and 3D position audio
+ * audio filters
+ * audio synthesis (see <audio> section for use cases)
+ * feedback to the script on how well the video is playing
+ - frames per second?
+ - skipped frames per second?
+ - an event that reports playback difficulties?
+ - an arbitrary quality metric?
+ * bufferingRate/bufferingThrottled (see v3BUF)
+ * events for when the user agent's controls get shown or hidden
+ so that the author's controls can get away of the UA's
+ -->
+
+ <!-- v2 features that already have experimental implementations:
+ * webkitPreservesPitch (for when playbackRate != 1.0)
+ -->
+
+ <p><a href=#media-element title="media element">Media elements</a> are used to present audio data, or video and
+ audio data, to the user. This is referred to as <dfn id=media-data>media data</dfn> in this section, since this
+ section applies equally to <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> for audio or for
+ video.
+
+ The term <dfn id=media-resource>media resource</dfn> is used to refer to the complete set of media data, e.g. the
+ complete video file, or complete audio file.
+
+ </p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> can have multiple audio and video tracks. For the purposes of a
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, the video data of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is only that of the
+ currently selected track (if any) given by the element's <code title=dom-media-videoTracks><a href=#dom-media-videotracks>videoTracks</a></code> attribute, and the audio data of the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a> is the result of mixing all the currently enabled tracks (if any) given by the
+ element's <code title=dom-media-audioTracks><a href=#dom-media-audiotracks>audioTracks</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Both <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> elements can be used for both audio
+ and video. The main difference between the two is simply that the <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element has
+ no playback area for visual content (such as video or captions), whereas the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>
+ element does.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Except where otherwise explicitly specified, the <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for all the tasks
+ <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> in this section and its subsections is the <dfn id=media-element-event-task-source>media
+ element event task source</dfn> of the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> in question.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=error-codes><span class=secno>4.7.10.1 </span>Error codes</h5>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-error><a href=#dom-media-error>error</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#mediaerror>MediaError</a></code> object representing the current error state of the
+ element.</p>
+
+ <p>Returns null if there is no error.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>All <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> have an associated error status, which
+ records the last error the element encountered since its <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection algorithm</a> was last invoked. The
+ <dfn id=dom-media-error title=dom-media-error><code>error</code></dfn> attribute, on getting, must return the
+ <code><a href=#mediaerror>MediaError</a></code> object created for this last error, or null if there has not been an
+ error.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=mediaerror>MediaError</dfn> {
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-mediaerror-media_err_aborted title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_ABORTED>MEDIA_ERR_ABORTED</a> = 1;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-mediaerror-media_err_network title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_NETWORK>MEDIA_ERR_NETWORK</a> = 2;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-mediaerror-media_err_decode title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_DECODE>MEDIA_ERR_DECODE</a> = 3;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-mediaerror-media_err_src_not_supported title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_SRC_NOT_SUPPORTED>MEDIA_ERR_SRC_NOT_SUPPORTED</a> = 4;
+ readonly attribute unsigned short <a href=#dom-mediaerror-code title=dom-MediaError-code>code</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-error><a href=#dom-media-error>error</a></code> . <code title=dom-MediaError-code><a href=#dom-mediaerror-code>code</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current error's error code, from the list below.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mediaerror-code title=dom-MediaError-code><code>code</code></dfn> attribute of a
+ <code><a href=#mediaerror>MediaError</a></code> object must return the code for the error, which must be one of the
+ following:</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-mediaerror-media_err_aborted title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_ABORTED><code>MEDIA_ERR_ABORTED</code></dfn> (numeric value 1)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The fetching process for the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> was aborted by the user agent at the
+ user's request.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-mediaerror-media_err_network title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_NETWORK><code>MEDIA_ERR_NETWORK</code></dfn> (numeric value 2)</dt>
+
+ <dd>A network error of some description caused the user agent to stop fetching the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a>, after the resource was established to be usable.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-mediaerror-media_err_decode title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_DECODE><code>MEDIA_ERR_DECODE</code></dfn> (numeric value 3)</dt>
+
+ <dd>An error of some description occurred while decoding the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, after
+ the resource was established to be usable.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-mediaerror-media_err_src_not_supported title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_SRC_NOT_SUPPORTED><code>MEDIA_ERR_SRC_NOT_SUPPORTED</code></dfn> (numeric value 4)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> indicated by the <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute was not suitable.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=location-of-the-media-resource><span class=secno>4.7.10.2 </span>Location of the media resource</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-media-src title=attr-media-src><code>src</code></dfn> content attribute on <a href=#media-element title="media
+ element">media elements</a> gives the address of the media resource (video, audio) to show. The
+ attribute, if present, must contain a <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by
+ spaces</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is specified on the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>, then the <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute must also be
+ specified.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-media-crossorigin title=attr-media-crossorigin><code>crossorigin</code></dfn> content attribute on
+ <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> is a <a href=#cors-settings-attribute>CORS settings attribute</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p id=concept-media-load-algorithm-at-creation>If a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is created with a
+ <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute, the user agent must synchronously invoke the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection
+ algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute of a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is set
+ or changed, the user agent must invoke the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#media-element-load-algorithm>media element load
+ algorithm</a>. (<em>Removing</em> the <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute does
+ not do this, even if there are <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> elements present.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-src title=dom-media-src><code>src</code></dfn> IDL attribute on <a href=#media-element title="media
+ element">media elements</a> must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same
+ name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-crossorigin title=dom-media-crossOrigin><code>crossOrigin</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-media-crossorigin><a href=#attr-media-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> content
+ attribute, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-currentSrc><a href=#dom-media-currentsrc>currentSrc</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the address of the current <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Returns the empty string when there is no <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-currentsrc title=dom-media-currentSrc><code>currentSrc</code></dfn> IDL attribute is initially
+ the empty string. Its value is changed by the <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource
+ selection algorithm</a> defined below.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>There are two ways to specify a <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, the <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute, or <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> elements. The attribute
+ overrides the elements.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=mime-types><span class=secno>4.7.10.3 </span>MIME types</h5>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> can be described in terms of its <em>type</em>, specifically a
+ <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a>, in some cases with a <code title="">codecs</code> parameter. (Whether the
+ <code title="">codecs</code> parameter is allowed or not depends on the MIME type.) <a href=#refsRFC4281>[RFC4281]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Types are usually somewhat incomplete descriptions; for example "<code title="">video/mpeg</code>" doesn't say anything except what the container type is, and even a
+ type like "<code title="">video/mp4; codecs="avc1.42E01E, mp4a.40.2"</code>" doesn't
+ include information like the actual bitrate (only the maximum bitrate). Thus, given a type, a user
+ agent can often only know whether it <em>might</em> be able to play media of that type (with
+ varying levels of confidence), or whether it definitely <em>cannot</em> play media of that
+ type.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=a-type-that-the-user-agent-knows-it-cannot-render>A type that the user agent knows it cannot render</dfn> is one that describes a resource
+ that the user agent definitely does not support, for example because it doesn't recognise the
+ container type, or it doesn't support the listed codecs.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> "<code>application/octet-stream</code>" with no parameters is never
+ <a href=#a-type-that-the-user-agent-knows-it-cannot-render>a type that the user agent knows it cannot render</a>. User agents must treat that type
+ as equivalent to the lack of any explicit <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a>
+ when it is used to label a potential <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Only the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> "<code>application/octet-stream</code>" with no
+ parameters is special-cased here; if any parameter appears with it, it will be treated just like
+ any other <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a>. This is a deviation from the rule <!-- in RFC 2046, section 1,
+ paragraph 3 --> that unknown <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> parameters should be ignored.</p> <!-- but not
+ really a "willful violation" since it's not that the types are not being ignored, just that before
+ the type is handled as a type, there's a special case for a particular set of strings -->
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-navigator-canPlayType><a href=#dom-navigator-canplaytype>canPlayType</a></code>(<var title="">type</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the empty string (a negative response), "maybe", or "probably" based on how confident
+ the user agent is that it can play media resources of the given type.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator-canplaytype title=dom-navigator-canPlayType><code>canPlayType(<var title="">type</var>)</code></dfn> method must return <dfn id=dom-canplaytyperesult-nil title=dom-CanPlayTypeResult-nil>the
+ empty string</dfn> if <var title="">type</var> is <a href=#a-type-that-the-user-agent-knows-it-cannot-render>a type that the user agent knows it cannot
+ render</a> or is the type "<code>application/octet-stream</code>"; it must return "<dfn id=dom-canplaytyperesult-probably title=dom-CanPlayTypeResult-probably><code>probably</code></dfn>" if the user agent is confident
+ that the type represents a <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> that it can render if used in with this
+ <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element; and it must return "<dfn id=dom-canplaytyperesult-maybe title=dom-CanPlayTypeResult-maybe><code>maybe</code></dfn>" otherwise. Implementors are encouraged
+ to return "<code title=dom-CanPlayTypeResult-maybe><a href=#dom-canplaytyperesult-maybe>maybe</a></code>" unless the type can be
+ confidently established as being supported or not. Generally, a user agent should never return
+ "<code title=dom-CanPlayTypeResult-probably><a href=#dom-canplaytyperesult-probably>probably</a></code>" for a type that allows the <code title="">codecs</code> parameter if that parameter is not present.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This script tests to see if the user agent supports a (fictional) new format to dynamically
+ decide whether to use a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element or a plugin:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section id="video"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="playing-cats.nfv"&gt;Download video&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var videoSection = document.getElementById('video');
+ var videoElement = document.createElement('video');
+ var support = videoElement.canPlayType('video/x-new-fictional-format;codecs="kittens,bunnies"');
+ if (support != "probably" &amp;&amp; "New Fictional Video Plugin" in navigator.plugins) {
+ // not confident of browser support
+ // but we have a plugin
+ // so use plugin instead
+ videoElement = document.createElement("embed");
+ } else if (support == "") {
+ // no support from browser and no plugin
+ // do nothing
+ videoElement = null;
+ }
+ if (videoElement) {
+ while (videoSection.hasChildNodes())
+ videoSection.removeChild(videoSection.firstChild);
+ videoElement.setAttribute("src", "playing-cats.nfv");
+ videoSection.appendChild(videoElement);
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-source-type><a href=#attr-source-type>type</a></code> attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> element allows the user agent to avoid downloading resources that use formats
+ it cannot render.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=network-states><span class=secno>4.7.10.4 </span>Network states</h5>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current state of network activity for the element, from the codes in the list
+ below.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>As <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> interact with the network, their current
+ network activity is represented by the <dfn id=dom-media-networkstate title=dom-media-networkState><code>networkState</code></dfn> attribute. On getting, it must
+ return the current network state of the element, which must be one of the following values:</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-media-network_empty title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><code>NETWORK_EMPTY</code></dfn> (numeric value 0)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The element has not yet been initialized. All attributes are in their initial states.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-media-network_idle title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE><code>NETWORK_IDLE</code></dfn> (numeric value 1)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The element<span class=impl>'s <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource
+ selection algorithm</a> is active and</span> has selected a <a href=#media-resource title="media
+ resource">resource</a>, but it is not actually using the network at this time.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-media-network_loading title=dom-media-NETWORK_LOADING><code>NETWORK_LOADING</code></dfn> (numeric value 2)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The user agent is actively trying to download data.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-media-network_no_source title=dom-media-NETWORK_NO_SOURCE><code>NETWORK_NO_SOURCE</code></dfn> (numeric value 3)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The element<span class=impl>'s <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource
+ selection algorithm</a> is active, but it</span> has not yet found a <a href=#media-resource title="media
+ resource">resource</a> to use.</dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection algorithm</a> defined
+ below describes exactly when the <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code>
+ attribute changes value and what events fire to indicate changes in this state.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=loading-the-media-resource><span class=secno>4.7.10.5 </span>Loading the media resource</h5>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-load><a href=#dom-media-load>load</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Causes the element to reset and start selecting and loading a new <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>
+ from scratch.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>All <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> have an <dfn id=autoplaying-flag>autoplaying flag</dfn>,
+ which must begin in the true state, and a <dfn id=delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event flag</dfn>, which must
+ begin in the false state. While the <a href=#delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event flag</a> is true, the element
+ must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of its document.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-media-load title=dom-media-load><code>load()</code></dfn> method on a <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> is invoked, the user agent must run the <a href=#media-element-load-algorithm>media element load
+ algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=media-element-load-algorithm>media element load algorithm</dfn> consists of the following steps.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Abort any already-running instance of the <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection algorithm</a> for this
+ element.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there are any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> from the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>'s <a href=#media-element-event-task-source>media element event task source</a> in one of the <a href=#task-queue title="task
+ queue">task queues</a>, then remove those tasks.</p>
+
+<!--
+ <p>If there are any <span title="concept-task">tasks</span> that were <span title="queue a
+ task">queued</span> by the <span title="concept-media-load-algorithm">resource selection
+ algorithm</span> (including the algorithms that it itself invokes) for this same <span>media
+ element</span> from the <span>DOM manipulation task source</span> in one of the <span
+ title="task queue">task queues</span>, then remove those tasks.</p>
+-->
+
+ <p class=note>Basically, pending events and callbacks for the media element are discarded when
+ the media element starts loading a new resource.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> is set to <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_LOADING><a href=#dom-media-network_loading>NETWORK_LOADING</a></code> or <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE><a href=#dom-media-network_idle>NETWORK_IDLE</a></code>, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a
+ simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-abort><a href=#event-media-abort>abort</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code>
+ is not set to <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code>, then run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-emptied><a href=#event-media-emptied>emptied</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If a fetching process is in progress for the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>, the user agent should stop it.</li>
+
+ <!--(no point doing this, since we always call the resource selection algorithm synchronously
+ at the end of this algorithm, and that switches it to NETWORK_NO_SOURCE and sets the flag)
+ <li><p>Set the <code title="dom-media-networkState">networkState</code> attribute to <code
+ title="dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY">NETWORK_EMPTY</code>.</p></li>
+ <li><p>Set the element's <span>show poster flag</span> to true.</p></li>
+ -->
+
+ <li><p><a href="#forget-the-media-element's-media-resource-specific-tracks">Forget the media element's media-resource-specific tracks</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> is not set to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>, then set it to that state.
+ <!-- this can do the "report the controller state" thing -->
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute is false, then set it to
+ true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <code title=dom-media-seeking><a href=#dom-media-seeking>seeking</a></code> is true, set it to false.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> to 0.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#official-playback-position>official playback position</a> to 0.</p>
+
+ <p>If this changed the <a href=#official-playback-position>official playback position</a>, then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a>
+ to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#initial-playback-position>initial playback position</a> to 0.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline offset</a> to Not-a-Number (NaN).</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Update the <code title=dom-media-duration><a href=#dom-media-duration>duration</a></code> attribute to Not-a-Number
+ (NaN).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The user agent <a href=#durationChange>will not</a> fire a <code title=event-media-durationchange><a href=#event-media-durationchange>durationchange</a></code> event for this particular change of
+ the duration.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code title=dom-media-playbackRate><a href=#dom-media-playbackrate>playbackRate</a></code> attribute to the value of
+ the <code title=dom-media-defaultPlaybackRate><a href=#dom-media-defaultplaybackrate>defaultPlaybackRate</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code title=dom-media-error><a href=#dom-media-error>error</a></code> attribute to null and the
+ <a href=#autoplaying-flag>autoplaying flag</a> to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Invoke the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection algorithm</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p class=note>Playback of any previously playing <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> for this element
+ stops.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection algorithm</dfn> for a
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is as follows. This algorithm is always invoked synchronously, but one
+ of the first steps in the algorithm is to return and continue running the remaining steps
+ asynchronously, meaning that it runs in the background with scripts and other <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> running in parallel. In addition, this algorithm interacts
+ closely with the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> mechanism; in particular, it has <a href=#synchronous-section title="synchronous
+ section">synchronous sections</a> (which are triggered as part of the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>
+ algorithm). Steps in such sections are marked with &#x231b;.</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- precondition: networkState == NETWORK_EMPTY or we're coming straight from the algorithm above
+ (where setting it to empty is commented out) --><li><p>Set the element's <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> attribute to
+ the <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_NO_SOURCE><a href=#dom-media-network_no_source>NETWORK_NO_SOURCE</a></code> value.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the element's <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event flag</a> to true
+ (this <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load event">delays the load event</a>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Asynchronously <a href=#await-a-stable-state>await a stable state</a>, allowing the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that invoked this algorithm to continue. The <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous
+ section</a> consists of all the remaining steps of this algorithm until the algorithm says the
+ <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> has ended. (Steps in <a href=#synchronous-section title="synchronous
+ section">synchronous sections</a> are marked with &#x231b;.)</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>&#x231b; If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#blocked-on-parser>blocked-on-parser</a> flag is false,
+ then <a href=#populate-the-list-of-pending-text-tracks>populate the list of pending text tracks</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>&#x231b; If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute, then let <var title="">mode</var> be <i title="">attribute</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>&#x231b; Otherwise, if the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> does not have a <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute but has a <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> element child, then
+ let <var title="">mode</var> be <i title="">children</i> and let <var title="">candidate</var>
+ be the first such <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> element child in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>&#x231b; Otherwise the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has neither a <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute nor a <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> element child: set the
+ <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> to <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code><!-- no need to set the <span>show poster
+ flag</span> to true since we set it up there already -->, and abort these steps; the
+ <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> ends.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Set the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> to <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_LOADING><a href=#dom-media-network_loading>NETWORK_LOADING</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; <a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-loadstart><a href=#event-media-loadstart>loadstart</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">mode</var> is <i title="">attribute</i>, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>&#x231b; If the <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute's value is the empty string, then end the <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>, and jump
+ down to the <i title="">failed with attribute</i> step below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Let <var title="">absolute URL</var> be the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> that
+ would have resulted from <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> the <a href=#url>URL</a>
+ specified by the <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute's value relative to the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a> when the <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute was last
+ changed.</p> <!-- i.e. changing xml:base or <base> after src="" has no effect -->
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; If <var title="">absolute URL</var> was obtained successfully, set the <code title=dom-media-currentSrc><a href=#dom-media-currentsrc>currentSrc</a></code> attribute to <var title="">absolute
+ URL</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>End the <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>, continuing the remaining steps
+ asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">absolute URL</var> was obtained successfully, run the <a href=#concept-media-load-resource title=concept-media-load-resource>resource fetch algorithm</a> with <var title="">absolute
+ URL</var>. If that algorithm returns without aborting <em>this</em> one, then the load
+ failed.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i title="">Failed with attribute</i>: Reaching this step indicates that the media resource
+ failed to load or that the given <a href=#url>URL</a> could not be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolved</a>. <a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <code title=dom-media-error><a href=#dom-media-error>error</a></code> attribute to a new
+ <code><a href=#mediaerror>MediaError</a></code> object whose <code title=dom-MediaError-code><a href=#dom-mediaerror-code>code</a></code> attribute
+ is set to <code title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_SRC_NOT_SUPPORTED><a href=#dom-mediaerror-media_err_src_not_supported>MEDIA_ERR_SRC_NOT_SUPPORTED</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href="#forget-the-media-element's-media-resource-specific-tracks">Forget the media element's media-resource-specific tracks</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the element's <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> attribute
+ to the <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_NO_SOURCE><a href=#dom-media-network_no_source>NETWORK_NO_SOURCE</a></code> value.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the element's <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-error><a href=#event-media-error>error</a></code> at
+ the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the element's <a href=#delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event flag</a> to false. This stops <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load event">delaying the load event</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait for the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> queued by the previous step to have
+ executed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort these steps. Until the <code title=dom-media-load><a href=#dom-media-load>load()</a></code> method is
+ invoked or the <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code> attribute is changed, the element won't
+ attempt to load another resource.</li>
+ <!-- it took its ball and went home, sulking. -->
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, the <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> elements will be used; run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>&#x231b; Let <var title="">pointer</var> be a position defined by two adjacent nodes in the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s child list, treating the start of the list (before the first
+ child in the list, if any) and end of the list (after the last child in the list, if any) as
+ nodes in their own right. One node is the node before <var title="">pointer</var>, and the
+ other node is the node after <var title="">pointer</var>. Initially, let <var title="">pointer</var> be the position between the <var title="">candidate</var> node and the
+ next node, if there are any, or the end of the list, if it is the last node.</p>
+
+ <p>As nodes are inserted and removed into the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, <var title="">pointer</var> must be updated as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If a new node is inserted between the two nodes that define <var title="">pointer</var></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">pointer</var> be the point between the node before <var title="">pointer</var> and the new node. In other words, insertions at <var title="">pointer</var> go after <var title="">pointer</var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the node before <var title="">pointer</var> is removed</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">pointer</var> be the point between the node after <var title="">pointer</var> and the node before the node after <var title="">pointer</var>. In
+ other words, <var title="">pointer</var> doesn't move relative to the remaining nodes.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the node after <var title="">pointer</var> is removed</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">pointer</var> be the point between the node before <var title="">pointer</var> and the node after the node before <var title="">pointer</var>. Just
+ as with the previous case, <var title="">pointer</var> doesn't move relative to the remaining
+ nodes.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Other changes don't affect <var title="">pointer</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; <i>Process candidate</i>: If <var title="">candidate</var> does not have a
+ <code title=attr-source-src><a href=#attr-source-src>src</a></code> attribute, or if its <code title=attr-source-src><a href=#attr-source-src>src</a></code> attribute's value is the empty string, then end the
+ <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>, and jump down to the <i title="">failed with elements</i> step
+ below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Let <var title="">absolute URL</var> be the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> that
+ would have resulted from <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> the <a href=#url>URL</a>
+ specified by <var title="">candidate</var>'s <code title=attr-source-src><a href=#attr-source-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute's value relative to the <var title="">candidate</var> when the <code title=attr-source-src><a href=#attr-source-src>src</a></code> attribute was last changed.</p> <!-- i.e. changing xml:base
+ or <base> after src="" has no effect -->
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; If <var title="">absolute URL</var> was not obtained successfully, then end the
+ <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>, and jump down to the <i title="">failed with elements</i> step
+ below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; If <var title="">candidate</var> has a <code title=attr-source-type><a href=#attr-source-type>type</a></code> attribute whose value, when parsed as a <a href=#mime-type>MIME
+ type</a> (including any codecs described by the <code title="">codecs</code> parameter, for
+ types that define that parameter), represents <a href=#a-type-that-the-user-agent-knows-it-cannot-render>a type that the user agent knows it cannot
+ render</a>, then end the <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>, and jump down to the <i title="">failed with elements</i> step below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Set the <code title=dom-media-currentSrc><a href=#dom-media-currentsrc>currentSrc</a></code> attribute to <var title="">absolute URL</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>End the <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>, continuing the remaining steps
+ asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the <a href=#concept-media-load-resource title=concept-media-load-resource>resource fetch algorithm</a> with
+ <var title="">absolute URL</var>. If that algorithm returns without aborting <em>this</em> one,
+ then the load failed.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i title="">Failed with elements</i>: <a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the <var title="">candidate</var> element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Asynchronously <a href=#await-a-stable-state>await a stable state</a>. The <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>
+ consists of all the remaining steps of this algorithm until the algorithm says the
+ <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> has ended. (Steps in <a href=#synchronous-section title="synchronous
+ section">synchronous sections</a> are marked with &#x231b;.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; <a href="#forget-the-media-element's-media-resource-specific-tracks">Forget the media element's media-resource-specific
+ tracks</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; <i title="">Find next candidate</i>: Let <var title="">candidate</var> be
+ null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; <i title="">Search loop</i>: If the node after <var title="">pointer</var> is
+ the end of the list, then jump to the <i title="">waiting</i> step below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; If the node after <var title="">pointer</var> is a <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> element,
+ let <var title="">candidate</var> be that element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Advance <var title="">pointer</var> so that the node before <var title="">pointer</var> is now the node that was after <var title="">pointer</var>, and the node
+ after <var title="">pointer</var> is the node after the node that used to be after <var title="">pointer</var>, if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; If <var title="">candidate</var> is null, jump back to the <i title="">search
+ loop</i> step. Otherwise, jump back to the <i title="">process candidate</i> step.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; <i title="">Waiting</i>: Set the element's <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> attribute to the <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_NO_SOURCE><a href=#dom-media-network_no_source>NETWORK_NO_SOURCE</a></code> value.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Set the element's <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; <a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to set the element's <a href=#delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event
+ flag</a> to false. This stops <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load event">delaying the load
+ event</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>End the <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>, continuing the remaining steps
+ asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait until the node after <var title="">pointer</var> is a node other than the end of
+ the list. (This step might wait forever.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Asynchronously <a href=#await-a-stable-state>await a stable state</a>. The <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>
+ consists of all the remaining steps of this algorithm until the algorithm says the
+ <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> has ended. (Steps in <a href=#synchronous-section title="synchronous
+ section">synchronous sections</a> are marked with &#x231b;.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Set the element's <a href=#delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event flag</a> back to true (this
+ <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load event">delays the load event</a> again, in case it hasn't been
+ fired yet).</p>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Set the <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> back to <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_LOADING><a href=#dom-media-network_loading>NETWORK_LOADING</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Jump back to the <i title="">find next candidate</i> step above.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=concept-media-load-resource title=concept-media-load-resource>resource fetch algorithm</dfn> for a <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> and a given <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> is as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let the <var title="">current media resource</var> be the resource given by the
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> passed to this algorithm. This is now the element's <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove all <a href=#media-resource-specific-text-track title="media-resource-specific text track">media-resource-specific text
+ tracks</a> from the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-pending-text-tracks>list of pending text tracks</a>, if
+ any.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Optionally, run the following substeps. This is the expected behavior if the user agent
+ intends to not attempt to fetch the resource until the user requests it explicitly (e.g. as a way
+ to implement the <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code> attribute's <code title=attr-media-preload-none><a href=#attr-media-preload-none>none</a></code> keyword).</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> to <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE><a href=#dom-media-network_idle>NETWORK_IDLE</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-suspend><a href=#event-media-suspend>suspend</a></code> at the element.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to set the element's <a href=#delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event flag</a>
+ to false. This stops <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load event">delaying the load
+ event</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait for the task to be run.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait for an implementation-defined event (e.g. the user requesting that the media
+ element begin playback).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the element's <a href=#delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event flag</a> back to true (this <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load event">delays the load event</a> again, in case it hasn't been fired
+ yet).</p>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> to <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_LOADING><a href=#dom-media-network_loading>NETWORK_LOADING</a></code>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Perform a <a href=#potentially-cors-enabled-fetch>potentially CORS-enabled fetch</a><!--FETCH--> of the <var title="">current media resource</var>'s <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, with the <i>mode</i> being
+ the state of the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=attr-media-crossorigin><a href=#attr-media-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> content attribute, the <i title="">origin</i>
+ being the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and the
+ <i>default origin behaviour</i> set to <i>taint</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The resource obtained in this fashion, if any, contains the <a href=#media-data>media data</a>. It can
+ be <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a> or <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a>; this affects whether
+ subtitles referenced in the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> are exposed in the API and, for
+ <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> elements, whether a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> gets tainted when the video is drawn
+ on it.</p>
+
+ <p>While the load is not suspended (see below), every 350ms (&plusmn;200ms) or for every byte
+ received, whichever is <em>least</em> frequent, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-media-progress><a href=#event-media-progress>progress</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=stall-timeout>stall timeout</dfn> is a user-agent defined length of time, which should be about
+ three seconds. When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> that is actively attempting to obtain
+ <a href=#media-data>media data</a> has failed to receive any data for a duration equal to the <a href=#stall-timeout>stall
+ timeout</a>, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-media-stalled><a href=#event-media-stalled>stalled</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may allow users to selectively block or slow <a href=#media-data>media data</a> downloads.
+ When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s download has been blocked altogether, the user agent must
+ act as if it was stalled (as opposed to acting as if the connection was closed). The rate of the
+ download may also be throttled automatically by the user agent, e.g. to balance the download
+ with other connections sharing the same bandwidth.</p>
+
+ <p id=resourceSuspend>User agents may decide to not download more content at any time, e.g.
+ after buffering five minutes of a one hour media resource, while waiting for the user to decide
+ whether to play the resource or not, while waiting for user input in an interactive resource, or
+ when the user navigates away from the page. When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s download has
+ been suspended, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a>, to set the <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> to <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE><a href=#dom-media-network_idle>NETWORK_IDLE</a></code> and <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named
+ <code title=event-media-suspend><a href=#event-media-suspend>suspend</a></code> at the element. If and when downloading of the
+ resource resumes, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to set the <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> to <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_LOADING><a href=#dom-media-network_loading>NETWORK_LOADING</a></code>. Between the queuing of these tasks,
+ the load is suspended (so <code title=event-media-progress><a href=#event-media-progress>progress</a></code> events don't fire,
+ as described above).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code> attribute provides a hint
+ regarding how much buffering the author thinks is advisable, even in the absence of the <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent decides to completely stall a download, e.g. if it is waiting until the
+ user starts playback before downloading any further content, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to set the element's <a href=#delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event flag</a> to false. This stops
+ <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load event">delaying the load event</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The user agent may use whatever means necessary to fetch the resource (within the constraints
+ put forward by this and other specifications); for example, reconnecting to the server in the
+ face of network errors, using HTTP range retrieval requests, or switching to a streaming
+ protocol. The user agent must consider a resource erroneous only if it has given up trying to
+ fetch it.</p>
+
+ <p class=critical>This specification does not currently say whether or how to check the MIME
+ types of the media resources, or whether or how to perform file type sniffing using the actual
+ file data. Implementors differ in their intentions on this matter and it is therefore unclear
+ what the right solution is. In the absence of any requirement here, the HTTP specification's
+ strict requirement to follow the Content-Type header prevails ("Content-Type specifies the media
+ type of the underlying data." ... "If and only if the media type is not given by a Content-Type
+ field, the recipient MAY attempt to guess the media type via inspection of its content
+ and<!---->/<!---->or the name extension(s) of the URI used to identify the resource.").</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> to process
+ the data as it is being fetched must each immediately <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to run the first
+ appropriate steps from the following list. (A new task is used for this so that the work
+ described below occurs relative to the <a href=#media-element-event-task-source>media element event task source</a> rather than
+ the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>.)</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> cannot be fetched at all, due to network errors, causing the
+ user agent to give up trying to fetch the resource</dt>
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> can be fetched but is found by inspection to be in an
+ unsupported format, or can otherwise not be rendered at all</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>DNS errors, HTTP 4xx and 5xx errors (and equivalents in other protocols), and other fatal
+ network errors that occur before the user agent has established whether the <var title="">current media resource</var> is usable, as well as the file using an unsupported
+ container format, or using unsupported codecs for all the data, must cause the user agent to
+ execute the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>The user agent should cancel the fetching process.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort this subalgorithm, returning to the <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <!-- insert content sniffing here if we want to define that -->
+ <!-- (in practice I don't think that's necessary since it's not like you can do anything with
+ the resource if you sniff it as the wrong type) -->
+
+
+ <dt id=found-another-audio-track>If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is found to have an audio
+ track</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Create an <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> object to represent the audio track.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Update the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-audioTracks><a href=#dom-media-audiotracks>audioTracks</a></code> attribute's <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code>
+ object with the new <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">enable</var> be <i>unknown</i>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If either the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> or the address of the <var title="">current
+ media resource</var> indicate a particular set of audio tracks to enable, or if the user
+ agent has information that would facilitate the selection of specific audio tracks to
+ improve the user's experience, then: if this audio track is one of the ones to enable, then
+ set <var title="">enable</var> to <i>true</i>, otherwise, set <var title="">enable</var>
+ to <i>false</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>This could be triggered by <cite>Media Fragments URI</cite> fragment
+ identifier syntax, but it could also be triggered e.g. by the user agent selecting a 5.1
+ surround sound audio track over a stereo audio track. <a href=#refsMEDIAFRAG>[MEDIAFRAG]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">enable</var> is still <i>unknown</i>, then, if the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> does not yet have a selected audio track, then set <var title="">enable</var>
+ to <i>true</i>, otherwise, set <var title="">enable</var> to <i>false</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">enable</var> is <i>true</i>, then enable this audio track,
+ otherwise, do not enable this audio track.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>Fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-media-addtrack><a href=#event-media-addtrack>addtrack</a></code>, that does not bubble and is not cancelable, and
+ that uses the <code><a href=#trackevent>TrackEvent</a></code> interface, with the <code title=dom-TrackEvent-track><a href=#dom-trackevent-track>track</a></code> attribute initialised to the new
+ <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> object, at this <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=found-another-video-track>If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is found to have a video
+ track</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Create a <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> object to represent the video track.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Update the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-videoTracks><a href=#dom-media-videotracks>videoTracks</a></code> attribute's <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code>
+ object with the new <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">enable</var> be <i>unknown</i>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If either the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> or the address of the <var title="">current
+ media resource</var> indicate a particular set of video tracks to enable, or if the user
+ agent has information that would facilitate the selection of specific video tracks to
+ improve the user's experience, then: if this video track is the first such video track, then
+ set <var title="">enable</var> to <i>true</i>, otherwise, set <var title="">enable</var>
+ to <i>false</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>This could again be triggered by <cite>Media Fragments URI</cite>
+ fragment identifier syntax.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">enable</var> is still <i>unknown</i>, then, if the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> does not yet have a selected video track, then set <var title="">enable</var>
+ to <i>true</i>, otherwise, set <var title="">enable</var> to <i>false</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">enable</var> is <i>true</i>, then select this track and unselect any
+ previously selected video tracks, otherwise, do not select this video track. If other tracks
+ are unselected, then <a href=#toggle-video-track>a <code title=event-media-change>change</code> event will be fired.</a></li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>Fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-media-addtrack><a href=#event-media-addtrack>addtrack</a></code>, that does not bubble and is not cancelable, and that
+ uses the <code><a href=#trackevent>TrackEvent</a></code> interface, with the <code title=dom-TrackEvent-track><a href=#dom-trackevent-track>track</a></code> attribute initialised to the new
+ <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> object, at this <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=getting-media-metadata>Once enough of the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> has been fetched to
+ determine the duration of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, its dimensions, and other
+ metadata</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This indicates that the resource is usable. The user agent must follow these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p><a href=#defineTimeline>Establish the media timeline</a> for the purposes of the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback
+ position</a>, the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a>, and the <a href=#initial-playback-position>initial playback
+ position</a>, based on the <a href=#media-data>media data</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Update the <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline offset</a> to the date and time that corresponds to the zero
+ time in the <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a> established in the previous step, if any. If no
+ explicit time and date is given by the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, the <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline
+ offset</a> must be set to Not-a-Number (NaN).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> and the <a href=#official-playback-position>official playback
+ position</a> to the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Update the <code title=dom-media-duration><a href=#dom-media-duration>duration</a></code> attribute with the time of
+ the last frame of the resource, if known, on the <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a> established
+ above. If it is not known (e.g. a stream that is in principle infinite), update the <code title=dom-media-duration><a href=#dom-media-duration>duration</a></code> attribute to the value positive Infinity.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The user agent <a href=#durationChange>will</a> <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a>
+ to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-durationchange><a href=#event-media-durationchange>durationchange</a></code> at the element at this point.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> elements, set the <code title=dom-video-videoWidth><a href=#dom-video-videowidth>videoWidth</a></code> and <code title=dom-video-videoHeight><a href=#dom-video-videoheight>videoHeight</a></code> attributes, and <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a>
+ to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-resize><a href=#event-media-resize>resize</a></code> at
+ the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Further <code title=event-media-resize><a href=#event-media-resize>resize</a></code> events will be fired
+ if the dimensions subsequently change.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set the <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A <code title=event-media-loadedmetadata><a href=#event-media-loadedmetadata>loadedmetadata</a></code> DOM event
+ <a href=#fire-loadedmetadata>will be fired</a> as part of setting the <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute to a new value.</p>
+
+ <!-- this can also do the "report the controller state" thing -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">jumped</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#default-playback-start-position>default playback start position</a> is
+ greater than zero, then <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seek</a> to that time, and let <var title="">jumped</var> be true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#default-playback-start-position>default playback
+ start position</a> be zero.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If either the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> or the address of the <var title="">current
+ media resource</var> indicate a particular start time, then set the <a href=#initial-playback-position>initial playback
+ position</a> to that time and, if <var title="">jumped</var> is still false, <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seek</a> to that time and let <var title="">jumped</var> be
+ true.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, with media formats that support the <cite>Media Fragments
+ URI</cite> fragment identifier syntax, the fragment identifier can be used to indicate a
+ start position. <a href=#refsMEDIAFRAG>[MEDIAFRAG]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is no enabled audio track, then enable an audio track. This <a href=#toggle-audio-track>will cause a <code title=event-media-change>change</code> event
+ to be fired</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is no selected video track, then select a video track. This <a href=#toggle-video-track>will cause a <code title=event-media-change>change</code> event
+ to be fired</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, then:
+ if <var title="">jumped</var> is true and the <a href=#initial-playback-position>initial playback position</a>,
+ relative to the <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>'s timeline, is greater than the
+ <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>'s <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller position</a>, then
+ <a href=#seek-the-media-controller>seek the media controller</a> to the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#initial-playback-position>initial
+ playback position</a>, relative to the <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>'s timeline;
+ otherwise, <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seek</a> the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> to the
+ <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller position</a>, relative to the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s
+ timeline.</li> <!-- i.e. "bring the media element up to speed with its new media
+ controller" --> <!-- we do this because otherwise the fragment identifier initial position is
+ lost. Basically this means that if you are attached to a media controller when you load your
+ resource, and you have a fragment identifier with a start time, you'll jump the media
+ controller to that time if it's not already past it. (So if there are several, you'll jump
+ the media controller to the furthest one in the timeline.) --> <!-- note that this can also
+ trigger "report the controller state" since it can change the element's readyState -->
+
+ </ol><p>Once the <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute reaches <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code>, <a href=#fire-loadeddata>after
+ the <code title=event-media-loadeddata>loadeddata</code> event has been fired</a>, set the
+ element's <a href=#delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event flag</a> to false. This stops <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay
+ the load event">delaying the load event</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A user agent that is attempting to reduce network usage while still fetching
+ the metadata for each <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> would also stop buffering at this point,
+ following <a href=#resourceSuspend>the rules described previously</a>, which involve the
+ <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> attribute switching to the <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE><a href=#dom-media-network_idle>NETWORK_IDLE</a></code> value and a <code title=event-media-suspend><a href=#event-media-suspend>suspend</a></code> event firing.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The user agent is <em>required</em> to determine the duration of the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> and go through this step before playing.</p> <!-- actually defined
+ in the 'duration' section -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Once the entire <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> has been <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a>
+ (but potentially before any of it has been decoded)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-progress><a href=#event-media-progress>progress</a></code>
+ at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> to <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE><a href=#dom-media-network_idle>NETWORK_IDLE</a></code> and <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named
+ <code title=event-media-suspend><a href=#event-media-suspend>suspend</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the user agent ever discards any <a href=#media-data>media data</a> and then needs to resume the
+ network activity to obtain it again, then it must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to set the <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> to <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_LOADING><a href=#dom-media-network_loading>NETWORK_LOADING</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the user agent can keep the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> loaded, then the
+ algorithm will continue to its final step below, which aborts the algorithm.</p><!-- see FINAL
+ STEP below -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the connection is interrupted after some <a href=#media-data>media data</a> has been received,
+ causing the user agent to give up trying to fetch the resource</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Fatal network errors that occur after the user agent has established whether the <var title="">current media resource</var> is usable (i.e. once the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s
+ <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is no longer <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>) must cause the user agent to execute the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>The user agent should cancel the fetching process.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code title=dom-media-error><a href=#dom-media-error>error</a></code> attribute to a new
+ <code><a href=#mediaerror>MediaError</a></code> object whose <code title=dom-MediaError-code><a href=#dom-mediaerror-code>code</a></code> attribute
+ is set to <code title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_NETWORK><a href=#dom-mediaerror-media_err_network>MEDIA_ERR_NETWORK</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-error><a href=#event-media-error>error</a></code> at
+ the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the element's <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> attribute
+ to the <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE><a href=#dom-media-network_idle>NETWORK_IDLE</a></code> value.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the element's <a href=#delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event flag</a> to false. This stops <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load event">delaying the load event</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort the overall <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection
+ algorithm</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=fatal-decode-error>If the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> is corrupted</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Fatal errors in decoding the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> that occur after the user agent has
+ established whether the <var title="">current media resource</var> is usable must cause the
+ user agent to execute the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>The user agent should cancel the fetching process.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code title=dom-media-error><a href=#dom-media-error>error</a></code> attribute to a new
+ <code><a href=#mediaerror>MediaError</a></code> object whose <code title=dom-MediaError-code><a href=#dom-mediaerror-code>code</a></code> attribute
+ is set to <code title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_DECODE><a href=#dom-mediaerror-media_err_decode>MEDIA_ERR_DECODE</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-error><a href=#event-media-error>error</a></code> at
+ the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code>
+ attribute has a value equal to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>, set
+ the element's <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> attribute to the
+ <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code> value, set the element's
+ <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> to true, and <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-emptied><a href=#event-media-emptied>emptied</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, set the element's <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code>
+ attribute to the <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE><a href=#dom-media-network_idle>NETWORK_IDLE</a></code> value.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the element's <a href=#delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event flag</a> to false. This stops <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load event">delaying the load event</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort the overall <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection
+ algorithm</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> fetching process is aborted by the user</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The fetching process is aborted by the user, e.g. because the user
+ pressed a "stop" button, the user agent must execute the following steps. These steps are not
+ followed if the <code title=dom-media-load><a href=#dom-media-load>load()</a></code> method itself is invoked while
+ these steps are running, as the steps above handle that particular kind of abort.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>The user agent should cancel the fetching process.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code title=dom-media-error><a href=#dom-media-error>error</a></code> attribute to a new
+ <code><a href=#mediaerror>MediaError</a></code> object whose <code title=dom-MediaError-code><a href=#dom-mediaerror-code>code</a></code> attribute
+ is set to <code title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_ABORTED><a href=#dom-mediaerror-media_err_aborted>MEDIA_ERR_ABORTED</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-abort><a href=#event-media-abort>abort</a></code> at
+ the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code>
+ attribute has a value equal to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>, set
+ the element's <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> attribute to the
+ <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code> value, set the element's
+ <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> to true, and <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-emptied><a href=#event-media-emptied>emptied</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, set the element's <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code>
+ attribute to the <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE><a href=#dom-media-network_idle>NETWORK_IDLE</a></code> value.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the element's <a href=#delaying-the-load-event-flag>delaying-the-load-event flag</a> to false. This stops <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load event">delaying the load event</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort the overall <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection
+ algorithm</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=non-fatal-media-error>If the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> can be fetched but has non-fatal
+ errors or uses, in part, codecs that are unsupported, preventing the user agent from rendering
+ the content completely correctly but not preventing playback altogether</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The server returning data that is partially usable but cannot be optimally rendered must
+ cause the user agent to render just the bits it can handle, and ignore the rest.</p>
+
+ <!-- v2: fire a 'warning' event and set the 'error' flag to 'MEDIA_ERR_SUBOPTIMAL' or something -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=found-a-media-resource-specific-timed-track>If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is
+ found to declare a <a href=#media-resource-specific-text-track>media-resource-specific text track</a> that the user agent
+ supports</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> is <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a>, run the <a href=#steps-to-expose-a-media-resource-specific-text-track>steps to
+ expose a media-resource-specific text track</a> with the relevant data.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Cross-origin videos do not expose their subtitles, since that would allow
+ attacks such as hostile sites reading subtitles from confidential videos on a user's
+ intranet.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> has <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> the
+ last <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> as part of <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching</a> the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> (i.e. once the download has completed), if the fetching process
+ completes without errors, including decoding the media data, and if all of the data is available
+ to the user agent without network access, then, the user agent must move on to the next step.
+ This might never happen, e.g. when streaming an infinite resource such as Web radio, or if the
+ resource is longer than the user agent's ability to cache data.</p>
+
+ <p>While the user agent might still need network access to obtain parts of the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a>, the user agent must remain on this step.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if the user agent has discarded the first half of a video, the
+ user agent will remain at this step even once the <a href=#ended-playback title="ended playback">playback has
+ ended</a>, because there is always the chance the user will seek back to the start. In fact,
+ in this situation, once <a href=#ended-playback title="ended playback">playback has ended</a>, the user agent
+ will end up firing a <code title=event-media-suspend><a href=#event-media-suspend>suspend</a></code> event, as described
+ earlier.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <!-- this step is mentioned above, search for "FINAL STEP" -->
+ <li><p>If the user agent ever reaches this step (which can only happen if the entire resource
+ gets loaded and kept available): abort the overall <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection algorithm</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is to <dfn id="forget-the-media-element's-media-resource-specific-tracks">forget the media element's media-resource-specific
+ tracks</dfn>, the user agent must remove from the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text
+ tracks</a> all the <a href=#media-resource-specific-text-track title="media-resource-specific text track">media-resource-specific
+ text tracks</a>, then empty the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-audioTracks><a href=#dom-media-audiotracks>audioTracks</a></code> attribute's <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> object,
+ then empty the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-videoTracks><a href=#dom-media-videotracks>videoTracks</a></code>
+ attribute's <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object. No events (in particular, no <code title=event-media-removetrack><a href=#event-media-removetrack>removetrack</a></code> events) are fired as part of this; the <code title=event-media-error><a href=#event-media-error>error</a></code> and <code title=event-media-emptied><a href=#event-media-emptied>emptied</a></code>
+ events, fired by the algorithms that invoke this one, can be used instead.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-media-preload title=attr-media-preload><code>preload</code></dfn> attribute is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated
+ attribute</a>. The following table lists the keywords and states for the attribute &mdash; the
+ keywords in the left column map to the states in the cell in the second column on the same row as
+ the keyword. The attribute can be changed even once the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is being
+ buffered or played; the descriptions in the table below are to be interpreted with that in
+ mind.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Keyword
+ <th> State
+ <th> Brief description
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=attr-media-preload-none title=attr-media-preload-none><code>none</code></dfn>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-media-preload-none-state title=attr-media-preload-none-state>None</dfn>
+ <td>Hints to the user agent that either the author does not expect the user to need the media resource, or that the server wants to minimise unnecessary traffic.
+ This state does not provide a hint regarding how aggressively to actually download the media resource if buffering starts anyway (e.g. once the user hits "play").
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-media-preload-metadata title=attr-media-preload-metadata><code>metadata</code></dfn>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-media-preload-metadata-state title=attr-media-preload-metadata-state>Metadata</dfn>
+ <td>Hints to the user agent that the author does not expect the user to need the media resource, but that fetching the resource metadata (dimensions, track list, duration, etc), and maybe even the first few frames, is reasonable. If the user agent precisely fetches no more than the metadata, then the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> will end up with its <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute set to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code>; typically though, some frames will be obtained as well and it will probably be <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code> or <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code>.
+ When the media resource is playing, hints to the user agent that bandwidth is to be considered scarce, e.g. suggesting throttling the download so that the media data is obtained at the slowest possible rate that still maintains consistent playback.
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-media-preload-auto title=attr-media-preload-auto><code>auto</code></dfn>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-media-preload-auto-state title=attr-media-preload-auto-state>Automatic</dfn>
+ <td>Hints to the user agent that the user agent can put the user's needs first without risk to the server, up to and including optimistically downloading the entire resource.
+ </table><p>The empty string is also a valid keyword, and maps to the <a href=#attr-media-preload-auto-state title=attr-media-preload-auto-state>Automatic</a> state. The attribute's <i>missing value
+ default</i> is user-agent defined, though the <a href=#attr-media-preload-metadata-state title=attr-media-preload-metadata-state>Metadata</a> state is suggested as a compromise
+ between reducing server load and providing an optimal user experience.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Authors might switch the attribute from "<code title=attr-media-preload-none><a href=#attr-media-preload-none>none</a></code>" or "<code title=attr-media-preload-metadata><a href=#attr-media-preload-metadata>metadata</a></code>" to "<code title=attr-media-preload-auto><a href=#attr-media-preload-auto>auto</a></code>" dynamically once the user begins playback. For
+ example, on a page with many videos this might be used to indicate that the many videos are not to
+ be downloaded unless requested, but that once one <em>is</em> requested it is to be downloaded
+ aggressively.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code> attribute is intended to provide a hint to
+ the user agent about what the author thinks will lead to the best user experience. The attribute
+ may be ignored altogether, for example based on explicit user preferences or based on the
+ available connectivity.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-preload title=dom-media-preload><code>preload</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known
+ values</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code> attribute can override the
+ <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code> attribute (since if the media plays, it naturally
+ has to buffer first, regardless of the hint given by the <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code> attribute). Including both is not an error, however.</p>
+
+ <hr><!--v3BUF (when readding this, also add a domintro block)
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-media-bufferingRate"><code>bufferingRate</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ the average number of bits received per second for the current download over the past few seconds.
+ If there is no download in progress, the attribute must return 0.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-media-bufferingThrottled"><code>bufferingThrottled</code></dfn> attribute
+ must return true if the user agent is intentionally throttling the bandwidth used by the download
+ (including when throttling to zero to pause the download altogether), and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <hr>
+--><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-buffered><a href=#dom-media-buffered>buffered</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a></code> object that represents the ranges of the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a> that the user agent has buffered.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-buffered title=dom-media-buffered><code>buffered</code></dfn> attribute must return a new
+ static <a href=#normalised-timeranges-object>normalised <code>TimeRanges</code> object</a> that represents the ranges of the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, if any, that the user agent has buffered, at the time the attribute
+ is evaluated. Users agents must accurately determine the ranges available, even for media streams
+ where this can only be determined by tedious inspection.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Typically this will be a single range anchored at the zero point, but if, e.g. the
+ user agent uses HTTP range requests in response to seeking, then there could be multiple
+ ranges.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may discard previously buffered data.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Thus, a time position included within a range of the objects return by the <code title=dom-media-buffered><a href=#dom-media-buffered>buffered</a></code> attribute at one time can end up being not included in
+ the range(s) of objects returned by the same attribute at later times.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=offsets-into-the-media-resource><span class=secno>4.7.10.6 </span>Offsets into the media resource</h5>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-duration><a href=#dom-media-duration>duration</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the length of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, in seconds, assuming that the start of
+ the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is at time zero.</p>
+
+ <p>Returns NaN if the duration isn't available.</p>
+
+ <p>Returns Infinity for unbounded streams.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-currentTime><a href=#dom-media-currenttime>currentTime</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#official-playback-position>official playback position</a>, in seconds.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to seek to the given time.</p>
+
+ <p>Will throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if there is no selected <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a> or if there is a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> has a <dfn id=media-timeline>media timeline</dfn> that maps times (in seconds) to
+ positions in the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>. The origin of a timeline is its earliest defined
+ position. The duration of a timeline is its last defined position.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=defineTimeline title="establish the media timeline">Establishing the media
+ timeline</dfn>: If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> somehow specifies an explicit timeline whose
+ origin is not negative (i.e. gives each frame a specific time offset and gives the first frame a
+ zero or positive offset), then the <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a> should be that timeline. (Whether
+ the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> can specify a timeline or not depends on the <a href=#media-resource title="media
+ resource">media resource's</a> format.) If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> specifies an
+ explicit start time <em>and date</em>, then that time and date should be considered the zero point
+ in the <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a>; the <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline offset</a> will be the time and date,
+ exposed using the <code title=dom-media-getStartDate><a href=#dom-media-getstartdate>getStartDate()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> has a discontinuous timeline, the user agent must extend the
+ timeline used at the start of the resource across the entire resource, so that the <a href=#media-timeline>media
+ timeline</a> of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> increases linearly starting from the
+ <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a> (as defined below), even if the underlying <a href=#media-data>media
+ data</a> has out-of-order or even overlapping time codes.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if two clips have been concatenated into one video file, but the
+ video format exposes the original times for the two clips, the video data might expose a timeline
+ that goes, say, 00:15..00:29 and then 00:05..00:38. However, the user agent would not expose those
+ times; it would instead expose the times as 00:15..00:29 and 00:29..01:02, as a single video.</p>
+
+ <p>In the rare case of a <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> that does not have an explicit timeline, the
+ zero time on the <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a> should correspond to the first frame of the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>. In the even rarer case of a <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> with no
+ explicit timings of any kind, not even frame durations, the user agent must itself determine the
+ time for each frame in a user-agent-defined manner.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p class=note>An example of a file format with no explicit timeline but with explicit frame
+ durations is the Animated GIF format. An example of a file format with no explicit timings at all
+ is the JPEG-push format (<code><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>multipart/x-mixed-replace</a></code> with JPEG frames, often
+ used as the format for MJPEG streams).</p>
+
+ <p>If, in the case of a resource with no timing information, the user agent will nonetheless be
+ able to seek to an earlier point than the first frame originally provided by the server, then the
+ zero time should correspond to the earliest seekable time of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>;
+ otherwise, it should correspond to the first frame received from the server (the point in the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> at which the user agent began receiving the stream).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>At the time of writing, there is no known format that lacks explicit frame time
+ offsets yet still supports seeking to a frame before the first frame sent by the server.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider a stream from a TV broadcaster, which begins streaming on a sunny Friday afternoon in
+ October, and always sends connecting user agents the media data on the same media timeline, with
+ its zero time set to the start of this stream. Months later, user agents connecting to this
+ stream will find that the first frame they receive has a time with millions of seconds. The <code title=dom-media-getStartDate><a href=#dom-media-getstartdate>getStartDate()</a></code> method would always return the date that the
+ broadcast started; this would allow controllers to display real times in their scrubber (e.g.
+ "2:30pm") rather than a time relative to when the broadcast began ("8 months, 4 hours, 12
+ minutes, and 23 seconds").</p>
+
+ <p>Consider a stream that carries a video with several concatenated fragments, broadcast by a
+ server that does not allow user agents to request specific times but instead just streams the
+ video data in a predetermined order, with the first frame delivered always being identified as
+ the frame with time zero. If a user agent connects to this stream and receives fragments defined
+ as covering timestamps 2010-03-20 23:15:00 UTC to 2010-03-21 00:05:00 UTC and 2010-02-12 14:25:00
+ UTC to 2010-02-12 14:35:00 UTC, it would expose this with a <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a> starting
+ at 0s and extending to 3,600s (one hour). Assuming the streaming server disconnected at the end
+ of the second clip, the <code title=dom-media-duration><a href=#dom-media-duration>duration</a></code> attribute would then
+ return 3,600. The <code title=dom-media-getStartDate><a href=#dom-media-getstartdate>getStartDate()</a></code> method would return a
+ <code>Date</code> object with a time corresponding to 2010-03-20 23:15:00 UTC. However, if a
+ different user agent connected five minutes later, <em>it</em> would (presumably) receive
+ fragments covering timestamps 2010-03-20 23:20:00 UTC to 2010-03-21 00:05:00 UTC and 2010-02-12
+ 14:25:00 UTC to 2010-02-12 14:35:00 UTC, and would expose this with a <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a>
+ starting at 0s and extending to 3,300s (fifty five minutes). In this case, the <code title=dom-media-getStartDate><a href=#dom-media-getstartdate>getStartDate()</a></code> method would return a <code>Date</code> object
+ with a time corresponding to 2010-03-20 23:20:00 UTC.</p>
+
+ <p>In both of these examples, the <code title=dom-media-seekable><a href=#dom-media-seekable>seekable</a></code> attribute
+ would give the ranges that the controller would want to actually display in its UI; typically, if
+ the servers don't support seeking to arbitrary times, this would be the range of time from the
+ moment the user agent connected to the stream up to the latest frame that the user agent has
+ obtained; however, if the user agent starts discarding earlier information, the actual range
+ might be shorter.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>In any case, the user agent must ensure that the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a> (as
+ defined below) using the established <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a>, is greater than or equal to
+ zero.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a> also has an associated clock. Which clock is used is user-agent
+ defined, and may be <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>-dependent, but it should approximate the user's
+ wall clock.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>All the <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> that share <a href=#current-media-controller>current
+ media controller</a> use the same clock for their <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#media-element title="media element">Media elements</a> have a <dfn id=current-playback-position>current playback position</dfn>,
+ which must initially (i.e. in the absence of <a href=#media-data>media data</a>) be zero seconds. The
+ <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> is a time on the <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#media-element title="media element">Media elements</a> also have an <dfn id=official-playback-position>official playback
+ position</dfn>, which must initially be set to zero seconds. The <a href=#official-playback-position>official playback
+ position</a> is an approximation of the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> that is kept
+ stable while scripts are running.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#media-element title="media element">Media elements</a> also have a <dfn id=default-playback-start-position>default playback start
+ position</dfn>, which must initially be set to zero seconds. This time is used to allow the
+ element to be seeked even before the media is loaded.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <dfn id=show-poster-flag>show poster flag</dfn>. When a <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> is created, this flag must be set to true. This flag is used to control when the
+ user agent is to show a poster frame for a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element instead of showing the video
+ contents.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-currenttime title=dom-media-currentTime><code>currentTime</code></dfn> attribute must, on
+ getting, return the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#default-playback-start-position>default playback start position</a>,
+ unless that is zero, in which case it must return the element's <a href=#official-playback-position>official playback
+ position</a>. The returned value must be expressed in seconds. On setting, if the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, then the user agent must throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception; otherwise, if the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> is <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>, then it must set the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>'s <a href=#default-playback-start-position>default playback start position</a> to the new value; otherwise, it must
+ set the <a href=#official-playback-position>official playback position</a> to the new value and then <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seek</a> to the new value. The new value must be interpreted as being in
+ seconds.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#media-element title="media element">Media elements</a> have an <dfn id=initial-playback-position>initial playback position</dfn>,
+ which must initially (i.e. in the absence of <a href=#media-data>media data</a>) be zero seconds. The
+ <a href=#initial-playback-position>initial playback position</a> is updated when a <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is loaded.
+ The <a href=#initial-playback-position>initial playback position</a> is a time on the <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is a streaming resource, then the user agent might be unable
+ to obtain certain parts of the resource after it has expired from its buffer. Similarly, some
+ <a href=#media-resource title="media resource">media resources</a> might have a <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a> that
+ doesn't start at zero. The <dfn id=earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</dfn> is the earliest position in the
+ stream or resource that the user agent can ever obtain again. It is also a time on the <a href=#media-timeline>media
+ timeline</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a> is not explicitly exposed in the API;
+ it corresponds to the start time of the first range in the <code title=dom-media-seekable><a href=#dom-media-seekable>seekable</a></code> attribute's <code><a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a></code> object, if any, or
+ the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a> changes, then: if the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback
+ position</a> is before the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a>, the user agent must <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seek</a> to the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a>; otherwise, if
+ the user agent has not fired a <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> event at the
+ element in the past 15 to 250ms and is not still running event handlers for such an event, then
+ the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Because of the above requirement and the requirement in the <a href=#concept-media-load-resource title=concept-media-load-resource>resource fetch algorithm</a> that kicks in <a href=#getting-media-metadata>when the metadata of the clip becomes known</a>, the <a href=#current-playback-position>current
+ playback position</a> can never be less than the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- see https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=14492 -->
+ <!-- basically this is to handle very-long-running streams that use different video and audio
+ tracks per TV show -->
+
+ <p>If at any time the user agent learns that an audio or video track has ended and all <a href=#media-data>media
+ data</a> relating to that track corresponds to parts of the <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a> that
+ are <em>before</em> the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a>, the user agent may <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to first remove the track from the <code title=dom-media-audioTracks><a href=#dom-media-audiotracks>audioTracks</a></code>
+ attribute's <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> object or the <code title=dom-media-videoTracks><a href=#dom-media-videotracks>videoTracks</a></code> attribute's <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object as
+ appropriate and then <a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-media-removetrack><a href=#event-media-removetrack>removetrack</a></code>, that does not bubble and is not cancelable, and that
+ uses the <code><a href=#trackevent>TrackEvent</a></code> interface, with the <code title=dom-TrackEvent-track><a href=#dom-trackevent-track>track</a></code> attribute initialised to the <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> object representing the track, at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s
+ aforementioned <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> or <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-duration title=dom-media-duration><code>duration</code></dfn> attribute must return the time
+ of the end of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, in seconds, on the <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a>. If
+ no <a href=#media-data>media data</a> is available, then the attributes must return the Not-a-Number (NaN)
+ value. If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is not known to be bounded (e.g. streaming radio, or a
+ live event with no announced end time), then the attribute must return the positive Infinity
+ value.</p>
+
+ <p>The user agent must determine the duration of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> before playing
+ any part of the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> and before setting <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> to a value equal to or greater than <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code>, even if doing so requires fetching multiple
+ parts of the resource.</p>
+
+ <p id=durationChange>When the length of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> changes to a known value
+ (e.g. from being unknown to known, or from a previously established length to a new length) the
+ user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-durationchange><a href=#event-media-durationchange>durationchange</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>. (The
+ event is not fired when the duration is reset as part of loading a new media resource.) If the
+ duration is changed such that the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> ends up being greater
+ than the time of the end of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, then the user agent must also <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seek</a> to the time of the end of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>If an "infinite" stream ends for some reason, then the duration would change
+ from positive Infinity to the time of the last frame or sample in the stream, and the <code title=event-media-durationchange><a href=#event-media-durationchange>durationchange</a></code> event would be fired. Similarly, if the
+ user agent initially estimated the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>'s duration instead of determining
+ it precisely, and later revises the estimate based on new information, then the duration would
+ change and the <code title=event-media-durationchange><a href=#event-media-durationchange>durationchange</a></code> event would be
+ fired.</p>
+
+ <p>Some video files also have an explicit date and time corresponding to the zero time in the
+ <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a>, known as the <dfn id=timeline-offset>timeline offset</dfn>. Initially, the
+ <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline offset</a> must be set to Not-a-Number (NaN).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-getstartdate title=dom-media-getStartDate><code>getStartDate()</code></dfn> method must return <a href=#create-a-date-object title="create a Date object">a new <code>Date</code> object</a> representing the current
+ <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline offset</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-media-loop title=attr-media-loop><code>loop</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a> that, if specified, indicates that the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is to seek back
+ to the start of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> upon reaching the end.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-media-loop><a href=#attr-media-loop>loop</a></code> attribute has no effect while the element has a
+ <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-loop title=dom-media-loop><code>loop</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=ready-states><span class=secno>4.7.10.7 </span>Ready states</h5>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a value that expresses the current state of the element with respect to rendering the
+ <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>, from the codes in the list below.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p><a href=#media-element title="media element">Media elements</a> have a <i>ready state</i>, which describes to
+ what degree they are ready to be rendered at the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>. The
+ possible values are as follows; the ready state of a media element at any particular time is the
+ greatest value describing the state of the element:</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-media-have_nothing title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><code>HAVE_NOTHING</code></dfn> (numeric value 0)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>No information regarding the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is available. No data for the
+ <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> is available. <a href=#media-element title="media element">Media
+ elements</a> whose <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> attribute are set
+ to <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code> are always in the <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code> state.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-media-have_metadata title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><code>HAVE_METADATA</code></dfn> (numeric value 1)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Enough of the resource has been obtained that the duration of the resource is available.
+ In the case of a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element, the dimensions of the video are also available. The
+ API will no longer throw an exception when seeking. No <a href=#media-data>media data</a> is available for
+ the immediate <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-media-have_current_data title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><code>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</code></dfn> (numeric value 2)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Data for the immediate <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> is available, but either not
+ enough data is available that the user agent could successfully advance the <a href=#current-playback-position>current
+ playback position</a> in the <a href=#direction-of-playback>direction of playback</a> at all without immediately
+ reverting to the <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code> state, or there is no
+ more data to obtain in the <a href=#direction-of-playback>direction of playback</a>. For example, in video this
+ corresponds to the user agent having data from the current frame, but not the next frame, when
+ the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> is at the end of the current frame; and to when <a href=#ended-playback title="ended playback">playback has ended</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-media-have_future_data title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><code>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</code></dfn> (numeric value 3)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Data for the immediate <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> is available, as well as
+ enough data for the user agent to advance the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> in the
+ <a href=#direction-of-playback>direction of playback</a> at least a little without immediately reverting to the <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code> state, and <a href=#the-text-tracks-are-ready>the text tracks are
+ ready</a>. For example, in video this corresponds to the user agent having data for at least
+ the current frame and the next frame when the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> is at the
+ instant in time between the two frames, or to the user agent having the video data for the
+ current frame and audio data to keep playing at least a little when the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback
+ position</a> is in the middle of a frame. The user agent cannot be in this state if <a href=#ended-playback title="ended playback">playback has ended</a>, as the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>
+ can never advance in this case.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-media-have_enough_data title=dom-media-HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA><code>HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA</code></dfn> (numeric value 4)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>All the conditions described for the <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code> state are met, and, in addition,
+ either of the following conditions is also true:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The user agent estimates that data is being fetched at a rate where the <a href=#current-playback-position>current
+ playback position</a>, if it were to advance at the <a href=#effective-playback-rate>effective playback rate</a>,
+ would not overtake the available data before playback reaches the end of the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The user agent has entered a state where waiting longer will not result in further data
+ being obtained, and therefore nothing would be gained by delaying playback any further. (For
+ example, the buffer might be full.)</li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>In practice, the difference between <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code> and <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code> is negligible. Really the only time
+ the difference is relevant is when painting a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element onto a
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>, where it distinguishes the case where something will be drawn (<code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code> or greater) from the case where
+ nothing is drawn (<code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code> or less). Similarly,
+ the difference between <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code> (only
+ the current frame) and <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code> (at least
+ this frame and the next) can be negligible (in the extreme, only one frame). The only time that
+ distinction really matters is when a page provides an interface for "frame-by-frame"
+ navigation.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the ready state of a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> whose <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> is not <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code> changes, the user agent must follow the steps
+ given below:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Apply the first applicable set of substeps from the following list:</p>
+
+
+ <dl class=switch><!-- going up to metadata --><dt>If the previous ready state was <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>,
+ and the new ready state is <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd id=fire-loadedmetadata>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-loadedmetadata><a href=#event-media-loadedmetadata>loadedmetadata</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Before this task is run, as part of the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> mechanism, the
+ rendering will have been updated to resize the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element if appropriate.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- going up to current for the first time -->
+
+ <dt id=handling-first-frame-available>If the previous ready state was <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code> and the new ready state is <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code> or greater</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p id=fire-loadeddata>If this is the first time this occurs for this <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> since the <code title=dom-media-load><a href=#dom-media-load>load()</a></code> algorithm was last
+ invoked, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a>
+ named <code title=event-media-loadeddata><a href=#event-media-loadeddata>loadeddata</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the new ready state is <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code>
+ or <code title=dom-media-HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_enough_data>HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA</a></code>, then the relevant steps
+ below must then be run also.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- going down -->
+ <dt>If the previous ready state was <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code> or more, and the new ready state is
+ <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code> or less</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p id=fire-waiting-when-waiting>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> was <a href=#potentially-playing>potentially
+ playing</a> before its <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute
+ changed to a value lower than <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code>, and the element has not
+ <a href=#ended-playback>ended playback</a>, and playback has not <a href=#stopped-due-to-errors>stopped due to errors</a>,
+ <a href=#paused-for-user-interaction>paused for user interaction</a>, or <a href=#paused-for-in-band-content>paused for in-band content</a>, the user
+ agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> at the element, and <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a>
+ to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-waiting><a href=#event-media-waiting>waiting</a></code> at
+ the element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- going up to future -->
+ <dt>If the previous ready state was <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code> or less, and the new ready state
+ is <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named
+ <code title=event-media-canplay><a href=#event-media-canplay>canplay</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element's <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute is false, the user
+ agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-playing><a href=#event-media-playing>playing</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- going up to enough -->
+ <dt>If the new ready state is <code title=dom-media-HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_enough_data>HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the previous ready state was <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code> or less, the user agent must
+ <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-canplay><a href=#event-media-canplay>canplay</a></code> at the element, and, if the element's <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute is false, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-playing><a href=#event-media-playing>playing</a></code>
+ at the element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#autoplaying-flag>autoplaying flag</a> is true, and the <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute is true, and the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>
+ has an <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code> attribute specified, and the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a>
+ does not have the <a href=#sandboxed-automatic-features-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed automatic features browsing context flag</a> set, then
+ the user agent may also run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Set the <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute to false.</li>
+
+ <li>If the element's <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> is true, set it to false and run the
+ <i><a href=#time-marches-on>time marches on</a></i> steps.</li>
+
+ <li><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-play><a href=#event-media-play>play</a></code> at the element.</li>
+
+ <li><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-playing><a href=#event-media-playing>playing</a></code> at the element.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>User agents do not need to support autoplay, and it is suggested that user
+ agents honor user preferences on the matter. Authors are urged to use the <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code> attribute rather than using script to force the
+ video to play, so as to allow the user to override the behavior if so desired.</p>
+
+ <p>In any case, the user agent must finally <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-media-canplaythrough><a href=#event-media-canplaythrough>canplaythrough</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, then
+ <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</a> for the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p class=note>It is possible for the ready state of a media element to jump between these states
+ discontinuously. For example, the state of a media element can jump straight from <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code> to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_enough_data>HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA</a></code> without passing through the <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code> and <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code> states.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-readystate title=dom-media-readyState><code>readyState</code></dfn> IDL attribute must, on
+ getting, return the value described above that describes the current ready state of the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-media-autoplay title=attr-media-autoplay><code>autoplay</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. When present, the user agent <span class=impl>(as described in the algorithm
+ described herein)</span> will automatically begin playback of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> as
+ soon as it can do so without stopping.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Authors are urged to use the <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code>
+ attribute rather than using script to trigger automatic playback, as this allows the user to
+ override the automatic playback when it is not desired, e.g. when using a screen reader. Authors
+ are also encouraged to consider not using the automatic playback behavior at all, and instead to
+ let the user agent wait for the user to start playback explicitly.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-autoplay title=dom-media-autoplay><code>autoplay</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=playing-the-media-resource><span class=secno>4.7.10.8 </span>Playing the media resource</h5>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if playback is paused; false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-ended><a href=#dom-media-ended>ended</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if playback has reached the end of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-defaultPlaybackRate><a href=#dom-media-defaultplaybackrate>defaultPlaybackRate</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the default rate of playback, for when the user is not fast-forwarding or reversing
+ through the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the default rate of playback.</p>
+
+ <p>The default rate has no direct effect on playback, but if the user switches to a fast-forward
+ mode, when they return to the normal playback mode, it is expected that the rate of playback
+ will be returned to the default rate of playback.</p>
+
+ <p>When the element has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, the <code title=dom-media-defaultPlaybackRate><a href=#dom-media-defaultplaybackrate>defaultPlaybackRate</a></code> attribute is ignored and the
+ <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>'s <code title=dom-MediaController-defaultPlaybackRate><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-defaultplaybackrate>defaultPlaybackRate</a></code> is used instead.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-playbackRate><a href=#dom-media-playbackrate>playbackRate</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current rate playback, where 1.0 is normal speed.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the rate of playback.</p>
+
+ <p>When the element has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, the <code title=dom-media-playbackRate><a href=#dom-media-playbackrate>playbackRate</a></code> attribute is ignored and the <a href=#current-media-controller>current
+ media controller</a>'s <code title=dom-MediaController-playbackRate><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-playbackrate>playbackRate</a></code> is
+ used instead.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-played><a href=#dom-media-played>played</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a></code> object that represents the ranges of the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a> that the user agent has played.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-play><a href=#dom-media-play>play</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sets the <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute to false, loading the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> and beginning playback if necessary. If the playback had ended, will
+ restart it from the start.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-pause><a href=#dom-media-pause>pause</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sets the <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute to true, loading the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> if necessary.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-paused title=dom-media-paused><code>paused</code></dfn> attribute represents whether the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is paused or not. The attribute must initially be true.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is a <dfn id=blocked-media-element>blocked media element</dfn> if its <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is in the <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code> state, the <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code> state, or the <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code> state, or if the element has
+ <a href=#paused-for-user-interaction>paused for user interaction</a> or <a href=#paused-for-in-band-content>paused for in-band content</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is said to be <dfn id=potentially-playing>potentially playing</dfn> when its <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute is false, the element has not <a href=#ended-playback>ended
+ playback</a>, playback has not <a href=#stopped-due-to-errors>stopped due to errors</a>, the element either has no
+ <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> or has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> but is not
+ <a href=#blocked-on-its-media-controller>blocked on its media controller</a>, and the element is not a <a href=#blocked-media-element>blocked media
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A <code title=event-media-waiting><a href=#event-media-waiting>waiting</a></code> DOM event <a href=#fire-waiting-when-waiting>can be fired</a> as a result of an element that is
+ <a href=#potentially-playing>potentially playing</a> stopping playback due to its <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute changing to a value lower than <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is said to have <dfn id=ended-playback>ended playback</dfn> when:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The element's <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code> or greater, and
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Either:
+
+ <ul><li>The <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> is the end of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>,
+ and
+
+ <li>The <a href=#direction-of-playback>direction of playback</a> is forwards, and
+
+ <li>Either the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> does not have a <code title=attr-media-loop><a href=#attr-media-loop>loop</a></code> attribute specified, or the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has
+ a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>.
+
+ </ul><p>Or:
+
+ <ul><li>The <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> is the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a>,
+ and
+
+ <li>The <a href=#direction-of-playback>direction of playback</a> is backwards.
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ </ul><p>The <dfn id=dom-media-ended title=dom-media-ended><code>ended</code></dfn> attribute must return true if, the
+ last time the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> reached step 1, the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> had
+ <a href=#ended-playback>ended playback</a> and the <a href=#direction-of-playback>direction of playback</a> was forwards, and false
+ otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is said to have <dfn id=stopped-due-to-errors>stopped due to errors</dfn> when the
+ element's <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code> or greater, and the user agent <a href=#non-fatal-media-error>encounters a non-fatal error</a> during the processing of the
+ <a href=#media-data>media data</a>, and due to that error, is not able to play the content at the
+ <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is said to have <dfn id=paused-for-user-interaction>paused for user interaction</dfn> when its
+ <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute is false, the <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is either <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code> or <code title=dom-media-HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_enough_data>HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA</a></code> and the user agent has reached a point
+ in the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> where the user has to make a selection for the resource to
+ continue. If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> when this
+ happens, then the user agent must <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</a> for the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>. If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a
+ <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> when the user makes a selection, allowing playback to
+ resume, the user agent must similarly <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</a> for the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>It is possible for a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> to have both <a href=#ended-playback>ended playback</a> and
+ <a href=#paused-for-user-interaction>paused for user interaction</a> at the same time.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> that is <a href=#potentially-playing>potentially playing</a> stops playing
+ because it has <a href=#paused-for-user-interaction>paused for user interaction</a>, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is said to have <dfn id=paused-for-in-band-content>paused for in-band content</dfn> when its
+ <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute is false, the <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is either <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code> or <code title=dom-media-HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_enough_data>HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA</a></code> and the user agent has suspended
+ playback of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> in order to play content that is temporally anchored
+ to the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> and has a non-zero length, or to play content that is
+ temporally anchored to a segment of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> but has a length longer than
+ that segment. If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> when
+ this happens, then the user agent must <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</a> for the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>. If the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> when the user agent unsuspends
+ playback, the user agent must similarly <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</a> for the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>One example of when a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> would be <a href=#paused-for-in-band-content>paused for
+ in-band content</a> is when the user agent is playing <a href=#attr-track-kind-descriptions title=attr-track-kind-descriptions>audio descriptions</a> from an external WebVTT file, and
+ the synthesized speech generated for a cue is longer than the time between the <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track
+ cue start time</a> and the <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time>text track cue end time</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p id=reaches-the-end>When the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> reaches the end of the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> when the <a href=#direction-of-playback>direction of playback</a> is forwards, then the user
+ agent must follow these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <code title=attr-media-loop><a href=#attr-media-loop>loop</a></code>
+ attribute specified and does not have a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, then <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seek</a> to the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a> of the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> and abort these steps.</li> <!-- v2/v3: We should fire a
+ 'looping' event here to explain why this immediately fires a 'playing' event, otherwise the
+ 'playing' event that fires from the readyState going from HAVE_CURRENT_DATA back to
+ HAVE_FUTURE_DATA will seem inexplicable (since the normally matching 'ended' given below event
+ doesn't fire in the loop case). -->
+
+ <li><p>As defined above, the <code title=dom-media-ended><a href=#dom-media-ended>ended</a></code> IDL attribute starts
+ returning true once the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> returns to step 1.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> that, if the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> does not have a
+ <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, and the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has still <a href=#ended-playback>ended
+ playback</a>, and the <a href=#direction-of-playback>direction of playback</a> is still forwards, and <a href=#dom-media-paused title=dom-media-paused>paused</a> is false, changes <a href=#dom-media-paused title=dom-media-paused>paused</a> to true and <a href=#fire-a-simple-event title="fire a simple event">fires a
+ simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-pause><a href=#event-media-pause>pause</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-ended><a href=#event-media-ended>ended</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, then
+ <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</a> for the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> reaches the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible
+ position</a> of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> when the <a href=#direction-of-playback>direction of playback</a> is
+ backwards, then the user agent must only <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The word "reaches" here does not imply that the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback
+ position</a> needs to have changed during normal playback; it could be via <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seeking</a>, for instance.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-media-defaultplaybackrate title=dom-media-defaultPlaybackRate><code>defaultPlaybackRate</code></dfn> attribute
+ gives the desired speed at which the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is to play, as a multiple of its
+ intrinsic speed. The attribute is mutable: on getting it must return the last value it was set to,
+ or 1.0 if it hasn't yet been set; on setting the attribute must be set to the new value.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=dom-media-defaultPlaybackRate><a href=#dom-media-defaultplaybackrate>defaultPlaybackRate</a></code> is used
+ by the user agent when it <a href=#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user title="expose a user interface to the user">exposes a user
+ interface to the user</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-playbackrate title=dom-media-playbackRate><code>playbackRate</code></dfn> attribute gives the
+ <a href=#effective-playback-rate>effective playback rate</a> (assuming there is no <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>
+ overriding it), which is the speed at which the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> plays, as a multiple
+ of its intrinsic speed. If it is not equal to the <code title=dom-media-defaultPlaybackRate><a href=#dom-media-defaultplaybackrate>defaultPlaybackRate</a></code>, then the implication is that the
+ user is using a feature such as fast forward or slow motion playback. The attribute is mutable: on
+ getting it must return the last value it was set to, or 1.0 if it hasn't yet been set; on setting
+ the attribute must be set to the new value, and the playback will change speed (if the element is
+ <a href=#potentially-playing>potentially playing</a> and there is no <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>).</p>
+
+ <p id=rateUpdate>When the <code title=dom-media-defaultPlaybackRate><a href=#dom-media-defaultplaybackrate>defaultPlaybackRate</a></code>
+ or <code title=dom-media-playbackRate><a href=#dom-media-playbackrate>playbackRate</a></code> attributes change value (either by
+ being set by script or by being changed directly by the user agent, e.g. in response to user
+ control) the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named
+ <code title=event-media-ratechange><a href=#event-media-ratechange>ratechange</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=dom-media-defaultPlaybackRate><a href=#dom-media-defaultplaybackrate>defaultPlaybackRate</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-media-playbackRate><a href=#dom-media-playbackrate>playbackRate</a></code> attributes have no effect when the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>; the namesake attributes on
+ the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object are used instead in that situation.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-media-played title=dom-media-played><code>played</code></dfn> attribute must return a new static
+ <a href=#normalised-timeranges-object>normalised <code>TimeRanges</code> object</a> that represents the ranges of points on the
+ <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a> of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> reached through the usual monotonic
+ increase of the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> during normal playback, if any, at the time
+ the attribute is evaluated.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When the <dfn id=dom-media-play title=dom-media-play><code>play()</code></dfn> method on a <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> is invoked, the user agent must run the following steps.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> attribute has the value <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code>, invoke the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s
+ <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection algorithm</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#ended-playback title="ended playback">playback has ended</a> and the <a href=#direction-of-playback>direction of
+ playback</a> is forwards, and the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> does not have a <a href=#current-media-controller>current
+ media controller</a>, <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seek</a> to the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible
+ position</a> of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This <a href=#seekUpdate>will cause</a> the user agent to <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</p>
+ <!-- if we're already playing at this point, it might also fire 'waiting' -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, then
+ <a href=#bring-the-media-element-up-to-speed-with-its-new-media-controller>bring the media element up to speed with its new media controller</a>.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute is
+ true, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Change the value of <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> to false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> is true, set the element's <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster
+ flag</a> to false and run the <i><a href=#time-marches-on>time marches on</a></i> steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-play><a href=#event-media-play>play</a></code> at the element.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code>
+ attribute has the value <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>, <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code>, or <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code>, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-waiting><a href=#event-media-waiting>waiting</a></code> at the
+ element.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute has the value <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code> or <code title=dom-media-HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_enough_data>HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA</a></code>: <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-playing><a href=#event-media-playing>playing</a></code> at the
+ element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#autoplaying-flag>autoplaying flag</a> to false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, then
+ <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</a> for the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>When the <dfn id=dom-media-pause title=dom-media-pause><code>pause()</code></dfn> method is invoked, and when
+ the user agent is required to pause the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, the user agent must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> attribute has the value <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code>, invoke the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s
+ <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection algorithm</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the <a href=#internal-pause-steps>internal pause steps</a> for the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=internal-pause-steps>internal pause steps</dfn> for a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#autoplaying-flag>autoplaying flag</a> to false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute
+ is false, run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Change the value of <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> at the
+ element.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-media-pause><a href=#event-media-pause>pause</a></code>
+ at the element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#official-playback-position>official playback position</a> to the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback
+ position</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, then
+ <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</a> for the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=effective-playback-rate>effective playback rate</dfn> is not necessarily the element's <code title=dom-media-playbackRate><a href=#dom-media-playbackrate>playbackRate</a></code>. When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a
+ <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, its <a href=#effective-playback-rate>effective playback rate</a> is the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-playback-rate>media controller playback rate</a>. Otherwise, the
+ <a href=#effective-playback-rate>effective playback rate</a> is just the element's <code title=dom-media-playbackRate><a href=#dom-media-playbackrate>playbackRate</a></code>. Thus, the <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a> overrides the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#effective-playback-rate>effective playback rate</a> is positive or zero, then the <dfn id=direction-of-playback>direction of
+ playback</dfn> is forwards. Otherwise, it is backwards.</p>
+
+ <p id=media-playback>When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is <a href=#potentially-playing>potentially playing</a> and
+ its <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is a <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, its <a href=#current-playback-position>current
+ playback position</a> must increase monotonically at <a href=#effective-playback-rate>effective playback rate</a> units
+ of media time per unit time of the <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a>'s clock. (This specification always
+ refers to this as an <i>increase</i>, but that increase could actually be a <em>de</em>crease if
+ the <a href=#effective-playback-rate>effective playback rate</a> is negative.)</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#effective-playback-rate>effective playback rate</a> can be 0.0, in which case the
+ <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> doesn't move, despite playback not being paused (<code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> doesn't become true, and the <code title=event-media-pause><a href=#event-media-pause>pause</a></code> event doesn't fire).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This specification doesn't define how the user agent achieves the appropriate
+ playback rate &mdash; depending on the protocol and media available, it is plausible that the user
+ agent could negotiate with the server to have the server provide the media data at the appropriate
+ rate, so that (except for the period between when the rate is changed and when the server updates
+ the stream's playback rate) the client doesn't actually have to drop or interpolate any
+ frames.</p>
+
+ <p>Any time the user agent <a href=#await-a-stable-state title="await a stable state">provides a stable state</a>,
+ the <a href=#official-playback-position>official playback position</a> must be set to the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback
+ position</a>.</p> <!-- cross-ref is intentionally to the other term, to help find this -->
+
+ <p>While the <a href=#direction-of-playback>direction of playback</a> is backwards, any corresponding audio must be
+ <a href=#concept-media-muted title=concept-media-muted>muted</a>. While the <a href=#effective-playback-rate>effective playback rate</a> is
+ so low or so high that the user agent cannot play audio usefully, the corresponding audio must
+ also be <a href=#concept-media-muted title=concept-media-muted>muted</a>. If the <a href=#effective-playback-rate>effective playback
+ rate</a> is not 1.0, the user agent may apply pitch adjustments to the audio as necessary to
+ render it faithfully.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#media-element title="media element">Media elements</a> that are <a href=#potentially-playing>potentially playing</a>
+ while not <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a> must not play any video, but should play any
+ audio component. Media elements must not stop playing just because all references to them have
+ been removed; only once a media element is in a state where no further audio could ever be played
+ by that element may the element be garbage collected.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>It is possible for an element to which no explicit references exist to play audio,
+ even if such an element is not still actively playing: for instance, it could have a <a href=#current-media-controller>current
+ media controller</a> that still has references and can still be unpaused, or it could be
+ unpaused but stalled waiting for content to buffer.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Each <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <dfn id=list-of-newly-introduced-cues>list of newly introduced cues</dfn>, which must be
+ initially empty. Whenever a <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> is added to the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues title="text track
+ list of cues">list of cues</a> of a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that is in the <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text
+ tracks</a> for a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, that <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cue</a> must
+ be added to the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-newly-introduced-cues>list of newly introduced cues</a>. Whenever
+ a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> is added to the <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a> for a <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>, all of the <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> in that <a href=#text-track>text
+ track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues title="text track list of cues">list of cues</a> must be added to the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-newly-introduced-cues>list of newly introduced cues</a>. When a <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-newly-introduced-cues>list of newly introduced cues</a> has new cues added while the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> is not set, then the user agent must
+ run the <i><a href=#time-marches-on>time marches on</a></i> steps.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> is removed from the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues title="text track list of
+ cues">list of cues</a> of a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that is in the <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text
+ tracks</a> for a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, and whenever a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> is removed
+ from the <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a> of a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, if the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>'s <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> is not set, then the user agent must run the
+ <i><a href=#time-marches-on>time marches on</a></i> steps.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> of a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> changes (e.g.
+ due to playback or seeking), the user agent must run the <i><a href=#time-marches-on>time marches on</a></i> steps. If the
+ <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> changes while the steps are running, then the user agent
+ must wait for the steps to complete, and then must immediately rerun the steps. (These steps are
+ thus run as often as possible or needed &mdash; if one iteration takes a long time, this can cause
+ certain <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> to be skipped over as the user agent rushes ahead
+ to "catch up".)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=time-marches-on><i>time marches on</i></dfn> steps are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">current cues</var> be a list of <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track
+ cue">cues</a>, initialised to contain all the <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> of all
+ the <a href=#text-track-hidden title="text track hidden">hidden</a> or <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track
+ showing">showing</a> <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> of the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> (not the <a href=#text-track-disabled title="text track disabled">disabled</a> ones) whose <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time title="text track cue start time">start times</a> are less than or equal to the <a href=#current-playback-position>current
+ playback position</a> and whose <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time title="text track cue end time">end times</a> are
+ greater than the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">other cues</var> be a list of <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a>,
+ initialised to contain all the <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> of <a href=#text-track-hidden title="text
+ track hidden">hidden</a> and <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track showing">showing</a> <a href=#text-track title="text
+ track">text tracks</a> of the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> that are not present in <var title="">current cues</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">last time</var> be the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> at the
+ time this algorithm was last run for this <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, if this is not the first
+ time it has run.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> has, since the last time this algorithm was
+ run, only changed through its usual monotonic increase during normal playback, then let <var title="">missed cues</var> be the list of <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> in <var title="">other cues</var> whose <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time title="text track cue start time">start times</a> are
+ greater than or equal to <var title="">last time</var> and whose <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time title="text track cue end
+ time">end times</a> are less than or equal to the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>.
+ Otherwise, let <var title="">missed cues</var> be an empty list.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove all the <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> in <var title="">missed cues</var>
+ that are also in the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-newly-introduced-cues>list of newly introduced cues</a>, and
+ then empty the element's <a href=#list-of-newly-introduced-cues>list of newly introduced cues</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the time was reached through the usual monotonic increase of the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback
+ position</a> during normal playback, and if the user agent has not fired a <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> event at the element in the past 15 to 250ms and
+ is not still running event handlers for such an event, then the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> at the element. (In the other cases, such as
+ explicit seeks, relevant events get fired as part of the overall process of changing the
+ <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>.)</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The event thus is not to be fired faster than about 66Hz or slower than 4Hz
+ (assuming the event handlers don't take longer than 250ms to run). User agents are encouraged to
+ vary the frequency of the event based on the system load and the average cost of processing the
+ event each time, so that the UI updates are not any more frequent than the user agent can
+ comfortably handle while decoding the video.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If all of the <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> in <var title="">current cues</var>
+ have their <a href=#text-track-cue-active-flag>text track cue active flag</a> set, none of the <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track
+ cue">cues</a> in <var title="">other cues</var> have their <a href=#text-track-cue-active-flag>text track cue active
+ flag</a> set, and <var title="">missed cues</var> is empty, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the time was reached through the usual monotonic increase of the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback
+ position</a> during normal playback, and there are <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a>
+ in <var title="">other cues</var> that have their <a href=#text-track-cue-pause-on-exit-flag>text track cue pause-on-exit flag</a>
+ set and that either have their <a href=#text-track-cue-active-flag>text track cue active flag</a> set or are also in <var title="">missed cues</var>, then immediately <a href=#dom-media-pause title=dom-media-pause>pause</a> the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>. <!-- "pause" can in theory call load(), but never can it do so as
+ part of this invocation, since we wouldn't be in this algorithm if the media element was empty.
+ So, no need to couch all this in a task. --></p>
+
+ <p class=note>In the other cases, such as explicit seeks, playback is not paused by going past
+ the end time of a <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cue</a>, even if that <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track
+ cue">cue</a> has its <a href=#text-track-cue-pause-on-exit-flag>text track cue pause-on-exit flag</a> set.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">events</var> be a list of <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a>,
+ initially empty. Each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in this list will be associated
+ with a <a href=#text-track>text track</a>, a <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a>, and a time, which are used to
+ sort the list before the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> are queued.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">affected tracks</var> be a list of <a href=#text-track title="text track">text
+ tracks</a>, initially empty.</p>
+
+ <p>When the steps below say to <dfn id=prepare-an-event>prepare an event</dfn> named <var title="">event</var> for a
+ <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> <var title="">target</var> with a time <var title="">time</var>, the
+ user agent must run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">track</var> be the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> with which the <a href=#text-track-cue>text
+ track cue</a> <var title="">target</var> is associated.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a>
+ named <var title="">event</var> at <var title="">target</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add the newly created <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> to <var title="">events</var>, associated with the time <var title="">time</var>, the <a href=#text-track>text
+ track</a> <var title="">track</var>, and the <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> <var title="">target</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">track</var> to <var title="">affected tracks</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">text track cue</a> in <var title="">missed
+ cues</var>, <a href=#prepare-an-event>prepare an event</a> named <code title=event-media-enter><a href=#event-media-enter>enter</a></code> for the
+ <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> object with the <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track cue start time</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">text track cue</a> in <var title="">other
+ cues</var> that either has its <a href=#text-track-cue-active-flag>text track cue active flag</a> set or is in <var title="">missed cues</var>, <a href=#prepare-an-event>prepare an event</a> named <code title=event-media-exit><a href=#event-media-exit>exit</a></code> for the <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> object with the later of the
+ <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time>text track cue end time</a> and the <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track cue start time</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">text track cue</a> in <var title="">current
+ cues</var> that does not have its <a href=#text-track-cue-active-flag>text track cue active flag</a> set, <a href=#prepare-an-event>prepare an
+ event</a> named <code title=event-media-enter><a href=#event-media-enter>enter</a></code> for the <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code>
+ object with the <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track cue start time</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Sort the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> in <var title="">events</var> in ascending
+ time order (<a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> with earlier times first).</p>
+
+ <p>Further sort <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> in <var title="">events</var> that have
+ the same time by the relative <a href=#text-track-cue-order>text track cue order</a> of the <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track
+ cue">text track cues</a> associated with these <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Finally, sort <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> in <var title="">events</var> that have
+ the same time and same <a href=#text-track-cue-order>text track cue order</a> by placing <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> that fire <code title=event-media-enter><a href=#event-media-enter>enter</a></code> events before
+ those that fire <code title=event-media-exit><a href=#event-media-exit>exit</a></code> events.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">Queue</a> each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in
+ <var title="">events</var>, in list order.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Sort <var title="">affected tracks</var> in the same order as the <a href=#text-track title="text
+ track">text tracks</a> appear in the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text
+ tracks</a>, and remove duplicates.</p>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#text-track>text track</a> in <var title="">affected tracks</var>, in the list
+ order, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-cuechange><a href=#event-media-cuechange>cuechange</a></code> at the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object, and, if the
+ <a href=#text-track>text track</a> has a corresponding <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element, to then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a
+ simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-cuechange><a href=#event-media-cuechange>cuechange</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element as well.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#text-track-cue-active-flag>text track cue active flag</a> of all the <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track
+ cue">cues</a> in the <var title="">current cues</var>, and unset the <a href=#text-track-cue-active-flag>text track cue
+ active flag</a> of all the <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> in the <var title="">other
+ cues</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering>rules for updating the text track rendering</a> of each of the <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> in <var title="">affected tracks</var> that are <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track showing">showing</a>. For example, for <a href=#text-track title="text track">text
+ tracks</a> based on <a href=#webvtt>WebVTT</a>, the <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-display-of-webvtt-text-tracks>rules for updating the display of WebVTT
+ text tracks</a>. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a> </li>
+
+ </ol><p>For the purposes of the algorithm above, a <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> is considered to be part
+ of a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> only if it is listed in the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a>, not
+ merely if it is associated with the <a href=#text-track>text track</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> stops being a
+ <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a> document, then the playback will <a href=#media-playback>stop</a>
+ until the document is active again.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is <a href=#remove-an-element-from-a-document title="remove an element from a document">removed
+ from a <code>Document</code></a>, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Asynchronously <a href=#await-a-stable-state>await a stable state</a>, allowing the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that removed the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> from the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> to continue. The <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> consists of all the
+ remaining steps of this algorithm. (Steps in the <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> are marked with
+ &#x231b;.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a>,
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Run the <a href=#internal-pause-steps>internal pause steps</a> for the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</p>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=seeking><span class=secno>4.7.10.9 </span>Seeking</h5>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-seeking><a href=#dom-media-seeking>seeking</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the user agent is currently seeking.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-seekable><a href=#dom-media-seekable>seekable</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a></code> object that represents the ranges of the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a> to which it is possible for the user agent to seek.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-fastSeek><a href=#dom-media-fastseek>fastSeek</a></code>( <var title="">time</var> )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Seeks to near the given <var title="">time</var> as fast as possible, trading precision for
+ speed. (To seek to a precise time, use the <code title=dom-media-currentTime><a href=#dom-media-currenttime>currentTime</a></code> attribute.)</p>
+
+ <p>This does nothing if the media resource has not been loaded.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-seeking title=dom-media-seeking><code>seeking</code></dfn> attribute must initially have the
+ value false.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-fastseek title=dom-media-fastSeek><code>fastSeek()</code></dfn> method must <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seek</a> to the time given by the method's argument, with the
+ <i>approximate-for-speed</i> flag set.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seek</dfn> to a particular <var title="">new playback position</var> in the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, optionally with the
+ <i>approximate-for-speed</i> flag set, it means that the user agent must run the following steps.
+ This algorithm interacts closely with the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> mechanism; in particular, it has
+ a <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> (which is triggered as part of the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>
+ algorithm). Steps in that section are marked with &#x231b;.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> to false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code>
+ is <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element's <code title=dom-media-seeking><a href=#dom-media-seeking>seeking</a></code> IDL attribute is true,
+ then another instance of this algorithm is already running. Abort that other instance of the
+ algorithm without waiting for the step that it is running to complete.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code title=dom-media-seeking><a href=#dom-media-seeking>seeking</a></code> IDL attribute to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the seek was in response to a DOM method call or setting of an IDL attribute, then
+ continue the script. The remainder of these steps must be run asynchronously. With the exception
+ of the steps marked with &#x231b;, they could be aborted at any time by another instance of this
+ algorithm being invoked.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">new playback position</var> is later than the end of the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a>, then let it be the end of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> instead.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">new playback position</var> is less than the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible
+ position</a>, let it be that position instead.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the (possibly now changed) <var title="">new playback position</var> is not in one of
+ the ranges given in the <code title=dom-media-seekable><a href=#dom-media-seekable>seekable</a></code> attribute, then let it
+ be the position in one of the ranges given in the <code title=dom-media-seekable><a href=#dom-media-seekable>seekable</a></code> attribute that is the nearest to the <var title="">new
+ playback position</var>. If two positions both satisfy that constraint (i.e. the <var title="">new playback position</var> is exactly in the middle between two ranges in the <code title=dom-media-seekable><a href=#dom-media-seekable>seekable</a></code> attribute) then use the position that is closest to
+ the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>. If there are no ranges given in the <code title=dom-media-seekable><a href=#dom-media-seekable>seekable</a></code> attribute then set the <code title=dom-media-seeking><a href=#dom-media-seeking>seeking</a></code> IDL attribute to false and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <i>approximate-for-speed</i> flag is set, adjust the <var title="">new playback
+ position</var> to a value that will allow for playback to resume promptly. If <var title="">new
+ playback position</var> before this step is before <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>, then
+ the adjusted <var title="">new playback position</var> must also be before the <a href=#current-playback-position>current
+ playback position</a>. Similarly, if the <var title="">new playback position</var> before
+ this step is after <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>, then the adjusted <var title="">new
+ playback position</var> must also be after the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, the user agent could snap to the nearest key frame, so that it
+ doesn't have to spend time decoding then discarding intermediate frames before resuming
+ playback.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-seeking><a href=#event-media-seeking>seeking</a></code> at the element.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> to the given <var title="">new playback
+ position</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> was <a href=#potentially-playing>potentially playing</a>
+ immediately before it started seeking, but seeking caused its <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute to change to a value lower than <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code>, then a <code title=event-media-waiting><a href=#event-media-waiting>waiting</a></code> <a href=#fire-waiting-when-waiting>will be
+ fired</a> at the element.</p> <!-- also, timeupdate -->
+ <!-- also, it will do the "report the controller state" thing -->
+
+ <p class=note>This step sets the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>, and thus can
+ immediately trigger other conditions, such as the rules regarding when playback "<a href=#reaches-the-end>reaches the end of the media resource</a>" (part of the logic that
+ handles looping), even before the user agent is actually able to render the media data for that
+ position (as determined in the next step).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=dom-media-currentTime><a href=#dom-media-currenttime>currentTime</a></code> attribute does not
+ get updated asynchronously, as it returns the <a href=#official-playback-position>official playback position</a>, not the
+ <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait until the user agent has established whether or not the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> for
+ the <var title="">new playback position</var> is available, and, if it is, until it has decoded
+ enough data to play back that position.</p>
+ <!-- at which point, it will do the "port the controller state"
+ thing again -->
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#await-a-stable-state>Await a stable state</a>. The <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> consists of all
+ the remaining steps of this algorithm. (Steps in the <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> are marked
+ with &#x231b;.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Set the <code title=dom-media-seeking><a href=#dom-media-seeking>seeking</a></code> IDL attribute to
+ false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Run the <a href=#time-marches-on>time marches on</a> steps.</li>
+
+ <li id=seekUpdate><p>&#x231b; <a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a>
+ named <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> at the element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; <a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-seeked><a href=#event-media-seeked>seeked</a></code> at the element.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-media-seekable title=dom-media-seekable><code>seekable</code></dfn> attribute must return a new
+ static <a href=#normalised-timeranges-object>normalised <code>TimeRanges</code> object</a> that represents the ranges of the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, if any, that the user agent is able to seek to, at the time the
+ attribute is evaluated.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the user agent can seek to anywhere in the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, e.g.
+ because it is a simple movie file and the user agent and the server support HTTP Range requests,
+ then the attribute would return an object with one range, whose start is the time of the first
+ frame (the <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a>, typically zero), and whose end is the same as
+ the time of the first frame plus the <code title=dom-media-duration><a href=#dom-media-duration>duration</a></code> attribute's
+ value (which would equal the time of the last frame, and might be positive Infinity).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The range might be continuously changing, e.g. if the user agent is buffering a
+ sliding window on an infinite stream. This is the behavior seen with DVRs viewing live TV, for
+ instance.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#media-resource title="media resource">Media resources</a> might be internally scripted or
+ interactive. Thus, a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> could play in a non-linear fashion. If this
+ happens, the user agent must act as if the algorithm for <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seeking</a> was used whenever the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>
+ changes in a discontinuous fashion (so that the relevant events fire). If the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, then the user agent must <a href=#seek-the-media-controller>seek
+ the media controller</a> appropriately instead. </p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=media-resources-with-multiple-media-tracks><span class=secno>4.7.10.10 </span>Media resources with multiple media tracks</h5>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> can have multiple embedded audio and video tracks. For example,
+ in addition to the primary video and audio tracks, a <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> could have
+ foreign-language dubbed dialogues, director's commentaries, audio descriptions, alternative
+ angles, or sign-language overlays.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-audioTracks><a href=#dom-media-audiotracks>audioTracks</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> object representing the audio tracks available in the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-videoTracks><a href=#dom-media-videotracks>videoTracks</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object representing the video tracks available in the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-audiotracks title=dom-media-audioTracks><code>audioTracks</code></dfn> attribute of a
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a> must return a <a href=#live>live</a> <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> object
+ representing the audio tracks available in the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a>. The same object must be returned each time.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-videotracks title=dom-media-videoTracks><code>videoTracks</code></dfn> attribute of a
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a> must return a <a href=#live>live</a> <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object
+ representing the video tracks available in the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a>. The same object must be returned each time.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>There are only ever one <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> object and one
+ <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object per <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, even if another <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a> is loaded into the element: the objects are reused. (The <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code>
+ and <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> objects are not, though.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a script defines a function that takes a URL to a video and a reference to an
+ element where the video is to be placed. That function then tries to load the video, and, once it
+ is loaded, checks to see if there is a sign-language track available. If there is, it also
+ displays that track. Both tracks are just placed in the given container; it's assumed that styles
+ have been applied to make this work in a pretty way!</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;script&gt;
+ function loadVideo(url, container) {
+ var controller = new MediaController();
+ var video = document.createElement('video');
+ video.src = url;
+ video.autoplay = true;
+ video.controls = true;
+ video.controller = controller;
+ container.appendChild(video);
+ video.onloadedmetadata = function (event) {
+ for (var i = 0; i &lt; video.videoTracks.length; i += 1) {
+ if (video.videoTracks[i].kind == 'sign') {
+ var sign = document.createElement('video');
+ sign.src = url + '#track=' + video.videoTracks[i].id; <!-- should escape this probably -->
+ sign.autoplay = true;
+ sign.controller = controller;
+ container.appendChild(sign);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ };
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=audiotracklist-and-videotracklist-objects><span class=secno>4.7.10.10.1 </span><code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> and <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> objects</h6>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> and <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> interfaces are used by
+ attributes defined in the previous section.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-audiotracklist-length title=dom-AudioTrackList-length>length</a>;
+ getter <a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a> (unsigned long index);
+ <a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a>? <a href=#dom-audiotracklist-gettrackbyid title=dom-AudioTrackList-getTrackById>getTrackById</a>(DOMString id);
+
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-tracklist-onchange title=handler-TrackList-onchange>onchange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-tracklist-onaddtrack title=handler-TrackList-onaddtrack>onaddtrack</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-tracklist-onremovetrack title=handler-TrackList-onremovetrack>onremovetrack</a>;
+};
+
+interface <dfn id=audiotrack>AudioTrack</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-audiotrack-id title=dom-AudioTrack-id>id</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-audiotrack-kind title=dom-AudioTrack-kind>kind</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-audiotrack-label title=dom-AudioTrack-label>label</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-audiotrack-language title=dom-AudioTrack-language>language</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-audiotrack-enabled title=dom-AudioTrack-enabled>enabled</a>;
+};
+
+interface <dfn id=videotracklist>VideoTrackList</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-videotracklist-length title=dom-VideoTrackList-length>length</a>;
+ getter <a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a> (unsigned long index);
+ <a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a>? <a href=#dom-videotracklist-gettrackbyid title=dom-VideoTrackList-getTrackById>getTrackById</a>(DOMString id);
+ readonly attribute long <a href=#dom-videotracklist-selectedindex title=dom-VideoTrackList-selectedIndex>selectedIndex</a>;
+
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-tracklist-onchange title=handler-TrackList-onchange>onchange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-tracklist-onaddtrack title=handler-TrackList-onaddtrack>onaddtrack</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-tracklist-onremovetrack title=handler-TrackList-onremovetrack>onremovetrack</a>;
+};
+
+interface <dfn id=videotrack>VideoTrack</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-videotrack-id title=dom-VideoTrack-id>id</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-videotrack-kind title=dom-VideoTrack-kind>kind</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-videotrack-label title=dom-VideoTrack-label>label</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-videotrack-language title=dom-VideoTrack-language>language</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-videotrack-selected title=dom-VideoTrack-selected>selected</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-audioTracks><a href=#dom-media-audiotracks>audioTracks</a></code> . <code title=dom-AudioTrackList-length><a href=#dom-audiotracklist-length>length</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-videoTracks><a href=#dom-media-videotracks>videoTracks</a></code> . <code title=dom-VideoTrackList-length><a href=#dom-videotracklist-length>length</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the number of tracks in the list.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">audioTrack</var> = <var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-audioTracks><a href=#dom-media-audiotracks>audioTracks</a></code>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">videoTrack</var> = <var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-videoTracks><a href=#dom-media-videotracks>videoTracks</a></code>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the specified <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> or <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">audioTrack</var> = <var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-audioTracks><a href=#dom-media-audiotracks>audioTracks</a></code> . <code title=dom-AudioTrackList-getTrackById><a href=#dom-audiotracklist-gettrackbyid>getTrackById</a></code>( <var title="">id</var> )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">videoTrack</var> = <var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-videoTracks><a href=#dom-media-videotracks>videoTracks</a></code> . <code title=dom-VideoTrackList-getTrackById><a href=#dom-videotracklist-gettrackbyid>getTrackById</a></code>( <var title="">id</var> )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> or <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> object with the given identifier, or null if no track has that identifier.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">audioTrack</var> . <code title=dom-AudioTrack-id><a href=#dom-audiotrack-id>id</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">videoTrack</var> . <code title=dom-VideoTrack-id><a href=#dom-videotrack-id>id</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the ID of the given track. This is the ID that can be used with a fragment identifier
+ if the format supports the <cite>Media Fragments URI</cite> syntax, and that can be used with
+ the <code title="">getTrackById()</code> method. <a href=#refsMEDIAFRAG>[MEDIAFRAG]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">audioTrack</var> . <code title=dom-AudioTrack-kind><a href=#dom-audiotrack-kind>kind</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">videoTrack</var> . <code title=dom-VideoTrack-kind><a href=#dom-videotrack-kind>kind</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the category the given track falls into. The <a href=#dom-TrackList-getKind-categories>possible track categories</a> are given below.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">audioTrack</var> . <code title=dom-AudioTrack-label><a href=#dom-audiotrack-label>label</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">videoTrack</var> . <code title=dom-VideoTrack-label><a href=#dom-videotrack-label>label</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the label of the given track, if known, or the empty string otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">audioTrack</var> . <code title=dom-AudioTrack-language><a href=#dom-audiotrack-language>language</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">videoTrack</var> . <code title=dom-VideoTrack-language><a href=#dom-videotrack-language>language</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the language of the given track, if known, or the empty string otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">audioTrack</var> . <code title=dom-AudioTrack-enabled><a href=#dom-audiotrack-enabled>enabled</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the given track is active, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change whether the track is enabled or not. If multiple audio tracks are
+ enabled simultaneously, they are mixed.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-videoTracks><a href=#dom-media-videotracks>videoTracks</a></code> . <code title=dom-VideoTrackList-selectedIndex><a href=#dom-videotracklist-selectedindex>selectedIndex</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the index of the currently selected track, if any, or &minus;1 otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">videoTrack</var> . <code title=dom-VideoTrack-selected><a href=#dom-videotrack-selected>selected</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the given track is active, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change whether the track is selected or not. Either zero or one video track is
+ selected; selecting a new track while a previous one is selected will unselect the previous
+ one.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> object represents a dynamic list of zero or more audio tracks,
+ of which zero or more can be enabled at a time. Each audio track is represented by an
+ <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object represents a dynamic list of zero or more video tracks, of
+ which zero or one can be selected at a time. Each video track is represented by a
+ <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>Tracks in <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> and <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> objects must be
+ consistently ordered. If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is in a format that defines an order,
+ then that order must be used; otherwise, the order must be the relative order in which the tracks
+ are declared in the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>. The order used is called the <i>natural order</i>
+ of the list.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Each track in a <code>TrackList</code> thus has an index; the first has the index
+ 0, and each subsequent track is numbered one higher than the previous one. If a <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a> dynamically adds or removes audio or video tracks, then the indices of the tracks
+ will change dynamically. If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> changes entirely, then all the
+ previous tracks will be removed and replaced with new tracks.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-audiotracklist-length title=dom-AudioTrackList-length><code>AudioTrackList.length</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-videotracklist-length title=dom-VideoTrackList-length><code>VideoTrackList.length</code></dfn> attributes must return
+ the number of tracks represented by their objects at the time of getting.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> of <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> objects at any instant are the numbers from zero to the number of
+ tracks represented by the respective object minus one, if any tracks are represented. If an
+ <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> or <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object represents no tracks, it has no
+ <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>To <a href=#determine-the-value-of-an-indexed-property>determine the value of an indexed property</a> for a given index <var title="">index</var> in an <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> or <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object <var title="">list</var>, the user agent must return the <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> object that represents the <var title="">index</var>th track in <var title="">list</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-audiotracklist-gettrackbyid title=dom-AudioTrackList-getTrackById><code>AudioTrackList.getTrackById(<var title="">id</var>)</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-videotracklist-gettrackbyid title=dom-VideoTrackList-getTrackById><code>VideoTrackList.getTrackById(<var title="">id</var>)</code></dfn> methods must return the first <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> object (respectively) in the <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object (respectively) whose identifier is equal to the value of the
+ <var title="">id</var> argument (in the natural order of the list, as defined above). When no
+ tracks match the given argument, the methods must return null.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> and <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> objects represent specific tracks of a
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>. Each track can have an identifier, category, label, and language.
+ These aspects of a track are permanent for the lifetime of the track; even if a track is removed
+ from a <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>'s <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> or <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code>
+ objects, those aspects do not change.</p>
+
+ <p>In addition, <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> objects can each be enabled or disabled; this is the audio
+ track's <i>enabled state</i>. When an <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> is created, its <i>enabled state</i>
+ must be set to false (disabled). The <a href=#concept-media-load-resource title=concept-media-load-resource>resource fetch
+ algorithm</a> can override this.</p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, a single <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> object per <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object can
+ be selected, this is the video track's <i>selection state</i>. When a <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> is
+ created, its <i>selection state</i> must be set to false (not selected). The <a href=#concept-media-load-resource title=concept-media-load-resource>resource fetch algorithm</a> can override this.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-audiotrack-id title=dom-AudioTrack-id><code>AudioTrack.id</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-videotrack-id title=dom-VideoTrack-id><code>VideoTrack.id</code></dfn> attributes must return the identifier
+ of the track, if it has one, or the empty string otherwise. If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is
+ in a format that supports the <cite>Media Fragments URI</cite> fragment identifier syntax, the
+ identifier returned for a particular track must be the same identifier that would enable the track
+ if used as the name of a track in the track dimension of such a fragment identifier. <a href=#refsMEDIAFRAG>[MEDIAFRAG]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, in Ogg files, this would be the Name header field of the track. <a href=#refsOGGSKELETONHEADERS>[OGGSKELETONHEADERS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-audiotrack-kind title=dom-AudioTrack-kind><code>AudioTrack.kind</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-videotrack-kind title=dom-VideoTrack-kind><code>VideoTrack.kind</code></dfn> attributes must return the category
+ of the track, if it has one, or the empty string otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The category of a track is the string given in the first column of the table below that is the
+ most appropriate for the track based on the definitions in the table's second and third columns,
+ as determined by the metadata included in the track in the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>. The cell
+ in the third column of a row says what the category given in the cell in the first column of that
+ row applies to; a category is only appropriate for an audio track if it applies to audio tracks,
+ and a category is only appropriate for video tracks if it applies to video tracks. Categories must
+ only be returned for <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> objects if they are appropriate for audio, and must
+ only be returned for <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> objects if they are appropriate for video.</p>
+
+ <p>For Ogg files, the Role header field of the track gives the relevant metadata. For DASH media
+ resources, the <code title="">Role</code> element conveys the information. For WebM, only the
+ <code title="">FlagDefault</code> element currently maps to a value. <a href=#refsOGGSKELETONHEADERS>[OGGSKELETONHEADERS]</a> <a href=#refsDASH>[DASH]</a> <a href=#refsWEBMCG>[WEBMCG]</a></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <table id=dom-TrackList-getKind-categories><caption>Return values for <code title=dom-AudioTrack-kind><a href=#dom-audiotrack-kind>AudioTrack.kind</a></code> and <code title=dom-VideoTrack-kind><a href=#dom-videotrack-kind>VideoTrack.kind</a></code></caption>
+ <thead><tr><th>Category
+ <th>Definition
+ <th>Applies to...</th>
+ <th>Examples
+ <tbody><tr><td>"<dfn id=value-track-kind-alternate title=value-track-kind-alternate><code>alternative</code></dfn>"
+ <td>A possible alternative to the main track, e.g. a different take of a song (audio), or a different angle (video).
+ <td>Audio and video.
+ <td>Ogg: "audio/alternate" or "video/alternate"; DASH: "alternate" without "main" and "commentary" roles, and, for audio, without the "dub" role (other roles ignored).
+
+ <tr><td>"<dfn id=value-track-kind-caption title=value-track-kind-caption><code>captions</code></dfn>"
+ <td>A version of the main video track with captions burnt in. (For legacy content; new content would use text tracks.)
+ <td>Video only.
+ <td>DASH: "caption" and "main" roles together (other roles ignored).
+
+ <tr><td>"<dfn id=value-track-kind-descriptions title=value-track-kind-descriptions><code>descriptions</code></dfn>"
+ <td>An audio description of a video track.
+ <td>Audio only.
+ <td>Ogg: "audio/audiodesc".
+
+ <tr><td>"<dfn id=value-track-kind-main title=value-track-kind-main><code>main</code></dfn>"
+ <td>The primary audio or video track.
+ <td>Audio and video.
+ <td>Ogg: "audio/main" or "video/main"; WebM: the "FlagDefault" element is set; DASH: "main" role without "caption", "subtitle", and "dub" roles (other roles ignored).
+
+ <tr><td>"<dfn id=value-track-kind-main-desc title=value-track-kind-main-desc><code>main-desc</code></dfn>"
+ <td>The primary audio track, mixed with audio descriptions.
+ <td>Audio only.
+ <td>AC3 audio in MPEG-2 TS: bsmod=2 and full_svc=1. <!-- see https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=17797#c1 -->
+
+ <tr><td>"<dfn id=value-track-kind-sign title=value-track-kind-sign><code>sign</code></dfn>"
+ <td>A sign-language interpretation of an audio track.
+ <td>Video only.
+ <td>Ogg: "video/sign".
+
+ <tr><td>"<dfn id=value-track-kind-subtitle title=value-track-kind-subtitle><code>subtitles</code></dfn>"
+ <td>A version of the main video track with subtitles burnt in. (For legacy content; new content would use text tracks.)
+ <td>Video only.
+ <td>DASH: "subtitle" and "main" roles together (other roles ignored).
+
+ <tr><td>"<dfn id=value-track-kind-translation title=value-track-kind-translation><code>translation</code></dfn>"
+ <td>A translated version of the main audio track.
+ <td>Audio only.
+ <td>Ogg: "audio/dub". DASH: "dub" and "main" roles together (other roles ignored).
+
+ <tr><td>"<dfn id=value-track-kind-commentary title=value-track-kind-commentary><code>commentary</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Commentary on the primary audio or video track, e.g. a director's commentary.
+ <td>Audio and video.
+ <td>DASH: "commentary" role without "main" role (other roles ignored).
+
+ <tr><td>"<dfn id=value-track-kind-none title=value-track-kind-none><code></code></dfn>" (empty string)
+ <td>No explicit kind, or the kind given by the track's metadata is not recognised by the user agent.
+ <td>Audio and video.
+ <td>Any other track type, track role, or combination of track roles not described above.
+
+ </table><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-audiotrack-label title=dom-AudioTrack-label><code>AudioTrack.label</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-videotrack-label title=dom-VideoTrack-label><code>VideoTrack.label</code></dfn> attributes must return the label
+ of the track, if it has one, or the empty string otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-audiotrack-language title=dom-AudioTrack-language><code>AudioTrack.language</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-videotrack-language title=dom-VideoTrack-language><code>VideoTrack.language</code></dfn> attributes must return the
+ BCP 47 language tag of the language of the track, if it has one, or the empty string otherwise. If
+ the user agent is not able to express that language as a BCP 47 language tag (for example because
+ the language information in the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>'s format is a free-form string without
+ a defined interpretation), then the method must return the empty string, as if the track had no
+ language.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-audiotrack-enabled title=dom-AudioTrack-enabled><code>AudioTrack.enabled</code></dfn> attribute, on
+ getting, must return true if the track is currently enabled, and false otherwise. On setting, it
+ must enable the track if the new value is true, and disable it otherwise. (If the track is no
+ longer in an <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> object, then the track being enabled or disabled has no
+ effect beyond changing the value of the attribute on the <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code> object.)</p>
+
+ <p id=toggle-audio-track>Whenever an audio track in an <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> that was
+ disabled is enabled, and whenever one that was enabled is disabled, the user agent must
+ <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-change><a href=#event-media-change>change</a></code> at the <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-videotracklist-selectedindex title=dom-VideoTrackList-selectedIndex><code>VideoTrackList.selectedIndex</code></dfn> attribute
+ must return the index of the currently selected track, if any. If the <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code>
+ object does not currently represent any tracks, or if none of the tracks are selected, it must
+ instead return &minus;1.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-videotrack-selected title=dom-VideoTrack-selected><code>VideoTrack.selected</code></dfn> attribute, on
+ getting, must return true if the track is currently selected, and false otherwise. On setting, it
+ must select the track if the new value is true, and unselect it otherwise. If the track is in a
+ <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code>, then all the other <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> objects in that list must
+ be unselected. (If the track is no longer in a <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object, then the track
+ being selected or unselected has no effect beyond changing the value of the attribute on the
+ <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code> object.)</p>
+
+ <p id=toggle-video-track>Whenever a track in a <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> that was previously not selected is selected,
+ the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-change><a href=#event-media-change>change</a></code> at the <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code> object. This <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> must be <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> before the
+ <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that fires the <code title=event-media-resize><a href=#event-media-resize>resize</a></code> event, if any.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) <span class=impl>that must be</span> supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a>,
+ by all objects implementing the <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code> and <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code>
+ interfaces:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-tracklist-onchange title=handler-TrackList-onchange><code>onchange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-change><a href=#event-media-change>change</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-tracklist-onaddtrack title=handler-TrackList-onaddtrack><code>onaddtrack</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-addtrack><a href=#event-media-addtrack>addtrack</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-tracklist-onremovetrack title=handler-TrackList-onremovetrack><code>onremovetrack</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-removetrack><a href=#event-media-removetrack>removetrack</a></code>
+ </table><!-- v2 should also fire an event when the list changes (but note that that should be on the media element event task source) --></div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=selecting-specific-audio-and-video-tracks-declaratively><span class=secno>4.7.10.10.2 </span>Selecting specific audio and video tracks declaratively</h6>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-media-audioTracks><a href=#dom-media-audiotracks>audioTracks</a></code> and <code title=dom-media-videoTracks><a href=#dom-media-videotracks>videoTracks</a></code> attributes allow scripts to select which track
+ should play, but it is also possible to select specific tracks declaratively, by specifying
+ particular tracks in the fragment identifier of the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a>. The format of the fragment identifier depends on the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> of
+ the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>. <a href=#refsRFC2046>[RFC2046]</a> <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a video that uses a format that supports the <cite>Media Fragments URI</cite>
+ fragment identifier syntax is embedded in such a way that the alternative angles labeled
+ "Alternative" are enabled instead of the default video track. <a href=#refsMEDIAFRAG>[MEDIAFRAG]</a></p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;video src="myvideo#track=Alternative"&gt;&lt;/video&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=synchronising-multiple-media-elements><span class=secno>4.7.10.11 </span>Synchronising multiple media elements</h5>
+
+ <h6 id=introduction-0><span class=secno>4.7.10.11.1 </span>Introduction</h6>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#media-element>media element</a> can have a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>. A
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is an object that coordinates the playback of multiple <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a>, for instance so that a sign-language interpreter
+ track can be overlaid on a video track, with the two being kept in sync.</p>
+
+ <p>By default, a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has no <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>. An implicit
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> can be assigned using the <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> content attribute. An explicit
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> can be assigned directly using the <code title=dom-media-controller><a href=#dom-media-controller>controller</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#media-element title="media element">Media elements</a> with a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> are said
+ to be <i>slaved</i> to their controller. The <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> modifies the playback
+ rate and the playback volume of each of the <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a>
+ slaved to it, and ensures that when any of its slaved <a href=#media-element title="media element">media
+ elements</a> unexpectedly stall, the others are stopped at the same time.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is slaved to a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>, its playback
+ rate is fixed to that of the other tracks in the same <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>, and any
+ looping is disabled.</p>
+
+<!-- v2: add control to loop, add control to playback rate
+ <div class="example">
+
+ <p>In this example, two audio elements are slaved to the same (implicit) controller so that a
+ waltz played by one audio element is kept exactly synchronised to the "tick tock tock" sound of
+ the metronome played by the second element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;audio src="The%20Amelia%20Earhart%20Waltz.wav" controls autoplay mediagroup="song">&lt;/audio>
+&lt;audio src="metronomes/3-4.wav" autoplay loop mediagroup="song">&lt;/audio></pre>
+
+ <p>Assuming the song keeps a regular tempo throughout and assuming the metronome has the same
+ tempo, this works even though if the metronome file only has one measure's worth of "tick tock
+ tock", because the controller (implied by the <code
+ title="attr-media-mediagroup">mediagroup</code> attribute) guarantees that the two elements will
+ be kept synchronised, even if the user rewinds, jumps to a different part of the song, etc (the
+ user agent controls made available by the <code title="attr-media-controls">controls</code>
+ attribute on the song's <code>audio</code> element affect the <code>MediaController</code>'s
+ state).</p>
+
+ <p>If the metronome has the wrong rate, its rate can be adjusted by script separately from the
+ song's (using the <code title="dom-media-playbackRate">audio.playbackRate</code> IDL attribute).
+ The two elements will play back their <span>media data</span> at different rates, but the ratio
+ will again be controlled by the <code>MediaController</code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+-->
+
+
+ <h6 id=media-controllers><span class=secno>4.7.10.11.2 </span>Media controllers</h6>
+
+ <pre class=idl>enum <dfn id=mediacontrollerplaybackstate>MediaControllerPlaybackState</dfn> { "<a href=#dom-mediacontroller-waiting title=dom-MediaController-waiting>waiting</a>", "<a href=#dom-mediacontroller-playing title=dom-MediaController-playing>playing</a>", "<a href=#dom-mediacontroller-ended title=dom-MediaController-ended>ended</a>" };
+[<a href=#dom-mediacontroller title=dom-MediaController>Constructor</a>]
+interface <dfn id=mediacontroller>MediaController</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ readonly attribute unsigned short <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-readystate title=dom-MediaController-readyState>readyState</a>; // uses <a href=#htmlmediaelement>HTMLMediaElement</a>.<a href=#dom-media-readystate title=dom-media-readyState>readyState</a>'s values
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a> <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-buffered title=dom-MediaController-buffered>buffered</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a> <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-seekable title=dom-MediaController-seekable>seekable</a>;
+ readonly attribute unrestricted double <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-duration title=dom-MediaController-duration>duration</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-currenttime title=dom-MediaController-currentTime>currentTime</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-paused title=dom-MediaController-paused>paused</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#mediacontrollerplaybackstate>MediaControllerPlaybackState</a> <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-playbackstate title=dom-MediaController-playbackState>playbackState</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a> <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-played title=dom-MediaController-played>played</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-pause title=dom-MediaController-pause>pause</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-unpause title=dom-MediaController-unpause>unpause</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-play title=dom-MediaController-play>play</a>(); // calls play() on all media elements as well
+
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-defaultplaybackrate title=dom-MediaController-defaultPlaybackRate>defaultPlaybackRate</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-playbackrate title=dom-MediaController-playbackRate>playbackRate</a>;
+
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-volume title=dom-MediaController-volume>volume</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-mediacontroller-muted title=dom-MediaController-muted>muted</a>;
+
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-onemptied title=handler-MediaController-onemptied>onemptied</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-onloadedmetadata title=handler-MediaController-onloadedmetadata>onloadedmetadata</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-onloadeddata title=handler-MediaController-onloadeddata>onloadeddata</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-oncanplay title=handler-MediaController-oncanplay>oncanplay</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-oncanplaythrough title=handler-MediaController-oncanplaythrough>oncanplaythrough</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-onplaying title=handler-MediaController-onplaying>onplaying</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-onended title=handler-MediaController-onended>onended</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-onwaiting title=handler-MediaController-onwaiting>onwaiting</a>;
+
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-ondurationchange title=handler-MediaController-ondurationchange>ondurationchange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-ontimeupdate title=handler-MediaController-ontimeupdate>ontimeupdate</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-onplay title=handler-MediaController-onplay>onplay</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-onpause title=handler-MediaController-onpause>onpause</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-onratechange title=handler-MediaController-onratechange>onratechange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-mediacontroller-onvolumechange title=handler-MediaController-onvolumechange>onvolumechange</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">controller</var> = new <code title=dom-MediaController><a href=#dom-mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a new <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-controller><a href=#dom-media-controller>controller</a></code> [ = <var title="">controller</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> for the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, if any;
+ returns null otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to set an explicit <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>. Doing so removes the <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> attribute, if any.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-readyState><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-readystate>readyState</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the state that the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> was in the last time it fired events
+ as a result of <a href=#report-the-controller-state title="report the controller state">reporting the controller state</a>.
+ The values of this attribute are the same as for the <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute of <a href=#media-element title="media element">media
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-buffered><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-buffered>buffered</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a></code> object that represents the intersection of the time ranges
+ for which the user agent has all relevant media data for all the slaved <a href=#media-element title="media
+ element">media elements</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-seekable><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-seekable>seekable</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a></code> object that represents the intersection of the time ranges
+ into which the user agent can seek for all the slaved <a href=#media-element title="media element">media
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-duration><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-duration>duration</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the difference between the earliest playable moment and the latest playable moment
+ (not considering whether the data in question is actually buffered or directly seekable, but not
+ including time in the future for infinite streams). Will return zero if there is no media.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-currentTime><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-currenttime>currentTime</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>, in seconds, as a position between zero
+ time and the current <code title=dom-MediaController-duration><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-duration>duration</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to seek to the given time.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-paused><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-paused>paused</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if playback is paused; false otherwise. When this attribute is true, any
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a> slaved to this controller will be stopped.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-playbackState><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-playbackstate>playbackState</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the state that the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> was in the last time it fired events
+ as a result of <a href=#report-the-controller-state title="report the controller state">reporting the controller state</a>.
+ The value of this attribute is either "<code title=dom-MediaController-playing><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-playing>playing</a></code>", indicating that the media is actively
+ playing, "<code title=dom-MediaController-ended><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-ended>ended</a></code>", indicating that the media is
+ not playing because playback has reached the end of all the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a>,
+ or "<code title=dom-MediaController-waiting><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-waiting>waiting</a></code>", indicating that the media is not
+ playing for some other reason (e.g. the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is paused).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-pause><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-pause>pause</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sets the <code title=dom-MediaController-paused><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-paused>paused</a></code> attribute to true.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-unpause><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-unpause>unpause</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sets the <code title=dom-MediaController-paused><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-paused>paused</a></code> attribute to false.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-play><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-play>play</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sets the <code title=dom-MediaController-paused><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-paused>paused</a></code> attribute to false and
+ invokes the <code title=dom-media-play><a href=#dom-media-play>play()</a></code> method of each <a href=#slaved-media-elements title="slaved media
+ elements">slaved media element</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-played><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-played>played</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a></code> object that represents the union of the time ranges in all
+ the slaved <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> that have been played.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-defaultPlaybackRate><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-defaultplaybackrate>defaultPlaybackRate</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the default rate of playback.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the default rate of playback.</p>
+
+ <p>This default rate has no direct effect on playback, but if the user switches to a
+ fast-forward mode, when they return to the normal playback mode, it is expected that rate of
+ playback (<code title=dom-MediaController-playbackRate><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-playbackrate>playbackRate</a></code>) will be returned
+ to this default rate.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-playbackRate><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-playbackrate>playbackRate</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current rate of playback.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the rate of playback.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-volume><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-volume>volume</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current playback volume multiplier, as a number in the range 0.0 to 1.0, where
+ 0.0 is the quietest and 1.0 the loudest.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the volume multiplier.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception if the new value is not in the range 0.0 .. 1.0.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">controller</var> . <code title=dom-MediaController-muted><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-muted>muted</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if all audio is muted (regardless of other attributes either on the controller
+ or on any <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> slaved to this controller), and
+ false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change whether the audio is muted or not.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-element>media element</a> can have a <dfn id=current-media-controller>current media controller</dfn>, which is a
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object. When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is created without a <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> attribute, it does not have a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a>. (If it is created <em>with</em> such an attribute, then that attribute
+ initializes the <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, as defined below.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</dfn> of a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> are the <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> whose <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> is that
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>. All the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> of a
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> must use the same clock for their definition of their <a href=#media-timeline>media
+ timeline</a>'s unit time. When the user agent is required to act on each <a href=#slaved-media-elements title="slaved
+ media elements">slaved media element</a> in turn, they must be processed in the order that they
+ were last associated with the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-media-controller title=dom-media-controller><code>controller</code></dfn> attribute on a <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>, on getting, must return the element's <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, if
+ any, or null otherwise. On setting, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- very similar to the algorithm below for setting the content attribute --><li><p>Let <var title="">m</var> be the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> in question.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">old controller</var> be <var title="">m</var>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a>, if it currently has one, and null otherwise.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new controller</var> be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">m</var> have no <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, if it currently
+ has one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove the element's <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> content
+ attribute, if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the new value is null, then jump to the <i>update controllers</i> step below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">m</var>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> be the new
+ value.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new controller</var> be <var title="">m</var>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#bring-the-media-element-up-to-speed-with-its-new-media-controller>Bring the media element up to speed with its new media controller</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Update controllers</i>: If <var title="">old controller</var> and <var title="">new
+ controller</var> are the same (whether both null or both the same controller) then abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">old controller</var> is not null and still has one or more <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved
+ media elements</a>, then <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</a> for <var title="">old
+ controller</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">new controller</var> is not null, then <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller
+ state</a> for <var title="">new controller</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller title=dom-MediaController><code>MediaController()</code></dfn> constructor, when
+ invoked, must return a newly created <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-readystate title=dom-MediaController-readyState><code>readyState</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the value to which it was most recently set. When the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object
+ is created, the attribute must be set to the value 0 (<code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>). The value is updated by the <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the
+ controller state</a> algorithm below.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-seekable title=dom-MediaController-seekable><code>seekable</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ a new static <a href=#normalised-timeranges-object>normalised <code>TimeRanges</code> object</a> that represents the
+ intersection of the ranges of the <a href=#media-resource title="media resource">media resources</a> of the
+ <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> that the user agent is able to seek to, at the time the
+ attribute is evaluated.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-buffered title=dom-MediaController-buffered><code>buffered</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ a new static <a href=#normalised-timeranges-object>normalised <code>TimeRanges</code> object</a> that represents the
+ intersection of the ranges of the <a href=#media-resource title="media resource">media resources</a> of the
+ <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> that the user agent has buffered, at the time the attribute is
+ evaluated. Users agents must accurately determine the ranges available, even for media streams
+ where this can only be determined by tedious inspection.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-duration title=dom-MediaController-duration><code>duration</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ the <a href=#media-controller-duration>media controller duration</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Every 15 to 250ms, or whenever the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-duration>media controller
+ duration</a> changes, whichever happens least often, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-MediaController-durationchange><a href=#event-mediacontroller-durationchange>durationchange</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>. If the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-duration>media controller
+ duration</a> decreases such that the <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller position</a> is greater than the
+ <a href=#media-controller-duration>media controller duration</a>, the user agent must immediately <a href=#seek-the-media-controller>seek the media
+ controller</a> to <a href=#media-controller-duration>media controller duration</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-currenttime title=dom-MediaController-currentTime><code>currentTime</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller position</a> on getting, and on setting must <a href=#seek-the-media-controller>seek the
+ media controller</a> to the new value.</p>
+
+ <p>Every 15 to 250ms, or whenever the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller
+ position</a> changes, whichever happens least often, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-MediaController-timeupdate><a href=#event-mediacontroller-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is created it is a <dfn id=playing-media-controller>playing media controller</dfn>. It
+ can be changed into a <dfn id=paused-media-controller>paused media controller</dfn> and back either via the user agent's user
+ interface (when the element is <a href=#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user title="expose a user interface to the user">exposing a user
+ interface to the user</a>) or by script using the APIs defined in this section (see below).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-paused title=dom-MediaController-paused><code>paused</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ true if the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object is a <a href=#paused-media-controller>paused media controller</a>, and
+ false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-pause title=dom-MediaController-pause><code>pause()</code></dfn> method is invoked,
+ if the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is a <a href=#playing-media-controller>playing media controller</a> then the user agent
+ must change the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> into a <a href=#paused-media-controller>paused media controller</a>,
+ <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-MediaController-pause><a href=#event-mediacontroller-pause>pause</a></code> at the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>, and then
+ <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</a> of the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-unpause title=dom-MediaController-unpause><code>unpause()</code></dfn> method is
+ invoked, if the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is a <a href=#paused-media-controller>paused media controller</a>, the user
+ agent must change the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> into a <a href=#playing-media-controller>playing media controller</a>,
+ <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-MediaController-play><a href=#event-mediacontroller-play>play</a></code> at the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>, and then
+ <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</a> of the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-play title=dom-MediaController-play><code>play()</code></dfn> method is invoked, the
+ user agent must invoke the <code title=dom-media-play><a href=#dom-media-play>play()</a></code> method of each <a href=#slaved-media-elements title="slaved media elements">slaved media element</a> in turn, and then invoke the <code title=dom-MediaController-unpause><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-unpause>unpause</a></code> method of the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-playbackstate title=dom-MediaController-playbackState><code>playbackState</code></dfn> attribute
+ must return the value to which it was most recently set. When the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>
+ object is created, the attribute must be set to the value "<code title=dom-MediaController-waiting><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-waiting>waiting</a></code>". The value is updated by the <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the
+ controller state</a> algorithm below.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-played title=dom-MediaController-played><code>played</code></dfn> attribute must return a
+ new static <a href=#normalised-timeranges-object>normalised <code>TimeRanges</code> object</a> that represents the union of the
+ ranges of points on the <a href=#media-timeline title="media timeline">media timelines</a> of the <a href=#media-resource title="media resource">media resources</a> of the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> that the
+ user agent has so far reached through the usual monotonic increase of their <a href=#current-playback-position title="current
+ playback position">current playback positions</a> during normal playback, at the time the
+ attribute is evaluated.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> has a <dfn id=media-controller-default-playback-rate>media controller default playback rate</dfn> and a
+ <dfn id=media-controller-playback-rate>media controller playback rate</dfn>, which must both be set to 1.0 when the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object is created.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-defaultplaybackrate title=dom-MediaController-defaultPlaybackRate><code>defaultPlaybackRate</code></dfn>
+ attribute, on getting, must return the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-default-playback-rate>media controller
+ default playback rate</a>, and on setting, must set the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s
+ <a href=#media-controller-default-playback-rate>media controller default playback rate</a> to the new value, then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-MediaController-ratechange><a href=#event-mediacontroller-ratechange>ratechange</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-playbackrate title=dom-MediaController-playbackRate><code>playbackRate</code></dfn> attribute, on
+ getting, must return the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-playback-rate>media controller playback
+ rate</a>, and on setting, must set the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-playback-rate>media controller
+ playback rate</a> to the new value, then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-MediaController-ratechange><a href=#event-mediacontroller-ratechange>ratechange</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> has a <dfn id=media-controller-volume-multiplier>media controller volume multiplier</dfn>, which must
+ be set to 1.0 when the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object is created, and a <dfn id=media-controller-mute-override>media controller
+ mute override</dfn>, much must initially be false.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-volume title=dom-MediaController-volume><code>volume</code></dfn> attribute, on getting,
+ must return the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-volume-multiplier>media controller volume multiplier</a>,
+ and on setting, if the new value is in the range 0.0 to 1.0 inclusive, must set the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-volume-multiplier>media controller volume multiplier</a> to the new value
+ and <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-MediaController-volumechange><a href=#event-mediacontroller-volumechange>volumechange</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>. If the new value is outside the range 0.0 to 1.0 inclusive, then, on
+ setting, an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception must be thrown instead.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-muted title=dom-MediaController-muted><code>muted</code></dfn> attribute, on getting, must
+ return the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-mute-override>media controller mute override</a>, and on
+ setting, must set the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-mute-override>media controller mute override</a>
+ to the new value and <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-MediaController-volumechange><a href=#event-mediacontroller-volumechange>volumechange</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <a href=#media-resource title="media resource">media resources</a> of all the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media
+ elements</a> of a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> have a defined temporal relationship which
+ provides relative offsets between the zero time of each such <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>: for
+ <a href=#media-resource title="media resource">media resources</a> with a <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline offset</a>, their
+ relative offsets are the difference between their <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline offset</a>; the zero times of
+ all the <a href=#media-resource title="media resource">media resources</a> without a <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline offset</a>
+ are not offset from each other (i.e. the origins of their timelines are cotemporal); and finally,
+ the zero time of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> with the earliest <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline offset</a>
+ (if any) is not offset from the zero times of the <a href=#media-resource title="media resource">media
+ resources</a> without a <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline offset</a> (i.e. the origins of <a href=#media-resource title="media
+ resource">media resources</a> without a <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline offset</a> are further cotemporal
+ with the earliest defined point on the timeline of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> with the
+ earliest <a href=#timeline-offset>timeline offset</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=media-resource-end-position>media resource end position</dfn> of a <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> in a <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> is defined as follows: if the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> has a finite and known
+ duration, the <a href=#media-resource-end-position>media resource end position</a> is the duration of the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a>'s timeline (the last defined position on that timeline); otherwise, the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>'s duration is infinite or unknown, and the <a href=#media-resource-end-position>media resource end
+ position</a> is the time of the last frame of <a href=#media-data>media data</a> currently available for
+ that <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> also has its own defined timeline. On this timeline, all the
+ <a href=#media-resource title="media resource">media resources</a> of all the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a>
+ of the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> are temporally aligned according to their defined offsets. The
+ <dfn id=media-controller-duration>media controller duration</dfn> of that <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is the time from the
+ earliest <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a>, relative to this <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>
+ timeline, of any of the <a href=#media-resource title="media resource">media resources</a> of the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved
+ media elements</a> of the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>, to the time of the latest <a href=#media-resource-end-position>media
+ resource end position</a> of the <a href=#media-resource title="media resource">media resources</a> of the
+ <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> of the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>, again relative to this
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> timeline.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> has a <dfn id=media-controller-position>media controller position</dfn>. This is the time
+ on the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s timeline at which the user agent is trying to play the
+ <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a>. When a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is created, its
+ <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller position</a> is initially zero.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=bring-the-media-element-up-to-speed-with-its-new-media-controller title="bring the media element up to speed with its new media
+ controller">bring a media element up to speed with its new media controller</dfn>, it must <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seek</a> that <a href=#media-element>media element</a> to the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller position</a> relative to the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>'s timeline.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=seek-the-media-controller>seek the media controller</dfn> to a particular <var title="">new playback position</var>, it must follow these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <var title="">new playback position</var> is less than zero, then set it to
+ zero.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">new playback position</var> is greater than the <a href=#media-controller-duration>media
+ controller duration</a>, then set it to the <a href=#media-controller-duration>media controller duration</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller position</a> to the <var title="">new playback
+ position</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>Seek</a> each <a href=#slaved-media-elements title="slaved media elements">slaved
+ media element</a> to the <var title="">new playback position</var> relative to the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> timeline.</li> <!-- i.e. "bring the media element up to speed with its new
+ media controller" -->
+
+ </ol><p>A <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is a <dfn id=restrained-media-controller>restrained media controller</dfn> if the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is a <a href=#playing-media-controller>playing media controller</a>, but either at least one
+ of its <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> whose <a href=#autoplaying-flag>autoplaying flag</a> is true still has
+ its <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute set to true, or, all of its
+ <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> have their <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code>
+ attribute set to true.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is a <dfn id=blocked-media-controller>blocked media controller</dfn> if the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is a <a href=#paused-media-controller>paused media controller</a>, or if any of its
+ <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> are <a href=#blocked-media-element title="blocked media element">blocked media
+ elements</a>, or if any of its <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> whose <a href=#autoplaying-flag>autoplaying
+ flag</a> is true still have their <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute set to
+ true, or if all of its <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> have their <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute set to true.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is <dfn id=blocked-on-its-media-controller>blocked on its media controller</dfn> if the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is a <a href=#blocked-media-controller>blocked media controller</a>, or if its <a href=#media-controller-position>media
+ controller position</a> is either before the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>'s <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest
+ possible position</a> relative to the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s timeline or after the end
+ of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> relative to the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s timeline.</p>
+
+ <p id=controller-playback>When a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is not a <a href=#blocked-media-controller>blocked media
+ controller</a> and it has at least one <a href=#slaved-media-elements title="slaved media elements">slaved media
+ element</a> whose <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is a <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>,
+ the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller position</a> must increase
+ monotonically at <a href=#media-controller-playback-rate>media controller playback rate</a> units of time on the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s timeline per unit time of the clock used by its <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the zero point on the timeline of a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> moves relative to the
+ timelines of the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> by a time difference <var title="">&Delta;T</var>, the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller
+ position</a> must be decremented by <var title="">&Delta;T</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In some situations, e.g. when playing back a live stream without buffering
+ anything, the <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller position</a> would increase monotonically as described
+ above at the same rate as the <var title="">&Delta;T</var> described in the previous paragraph
+ decreases it, with the end result that for all intents and purposes, the <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller
+ position</a> would appear to remain constant (probably with the value 0).</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> has a <dfn id=most-recently-reported-readiness-state>most recently reported readiness state</dfn>, which
+ is a number from 0 to 4 derived from the numbers used for the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> <code title=attr-media-readyState>readyState</code> attribute, and a <dfn id=most-recently-reported-playback-state>most recently reported
+ playback state</dfn>, which is either <i>playing</i>, <i>waiting</i>, or <i>ended</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is created, its <a href=#most-recently-reported-readiness-state>most recently reported readiness
+ state</a> must be set to 0, and its <a href=#most-recently-reported-playback-state>most recently reported playback state</a> must be
+ set to <i>waiting</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is required to <dfn id=report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</dfn> for a
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> has no <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a>, let <var title="">new readiness state</var> be 0.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let it have the lowest value of the <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> IDL attributes of all of its <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#most-recently-reported-readiness-state>most recently reported readiness state</a> is
+ less than the <var title="">new readiness state</var>, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">next state</var> be the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#most-recently-reported-readiness-state>most
+ recently reported readiness state</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Loop</i>: Increment <var title="">next state</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <code title=dom-MediaController-readyState><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute to the value <var title="">next state</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> at the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object, whose
+ name is the event name corresponding to the value of <var title="">next state</var> given in
+ the table below.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">next state</var> is less than <var title="">new readiness state</var>,
+ then return to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, if the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#most-recently-reported-readiness-state>most recently reported readiness
+ state</a> is greater than <var title="">new readiness state</var> then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> at the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object,
+ whose name is the event name corresponding to the value of <var title="">new readiness
+ state</var> given in the table below.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Value of <var title="">new readiness state</var>
+ <th>Event name
+
+ <tbody><tr><td> 0
+ <td> <code title=event-MediaController-emptied><a href=#event-mediacontroller-emptied>emptied</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> 1
+ <td> <code title=event-MediaController-loadedmetadata><a href=#event-mediacontroller-loadedmetadata>loadedmetadata</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> 2
+ <td> <code title=event-MediaController-loadeddata><a href=#event-mediacontroller-loadeddata>loadeddata</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> 3
+ <td> <code title=event-MediaController-canplay><a href=#event-mediacontroller-canplay>canplay</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> 4
+ <td> <code title=event-MediaController-canplaythrough><a href=#event-mediacontroller-canplaythrough>canplaythrough</a></code>
+
+ </table></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#most-recently-reported-readiness-state>most recently reported readiness state</a>
+ be <var title="">new readiness state</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Initialise <var title="">new playback state</var> by setting it to the state given for the
+ first matching condition from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> has no <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">new playback state</var> be <i>waiting</i>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If all of the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> have
+ <a href=#ended-playback>ended playback</a> and the <a href=#media-controller-playback-rate>media controller playback rate</a> is positive or
+ zero</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">new playback state</var> be <i>ended</i>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is a <a href=#blocked-media-controller>blocked media controller</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">new playback state</var> be <i>waiting</i>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">new playback state</var> be <i>playing</i>.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#most-recently-reported-playback-state>most recently reported playback state</a>
+ is not equal to <var title="">new playback state</var> and the <var title="">new playback
+ state</var> is <i>ended</i>, then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> that, if the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object is a <a href=#playing-media-controller>playing media controller</a>, and all of the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> have still <a href=#ended-playback>ended
+ playback</a>, and the <a href=#media-controller-playback-rate>media controller playback rate</a> is still positive or zero,
+ changes the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object to a <a href=#paused-media-controller>paused media controller</a> and
+ then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event title="fire a simple event">fires a simple event</a> named <code title=event-MediaController-pause><a href=#event-mediacontroller-pause>pause</a></code> at the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>
+ object.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#most-recently-reported-playback-state>most recently reported playback state</a> is
+ not equal to <var title="">new playback state</var> then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <code title=dom-MediaController-playbackState><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-playbackstate>playbackState</a></code> attribute to the value given in
+ the second column of the row of the following table whose first column contains the <var title="">new playback state</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> at the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object, whose name
+ is the value given in the third column of the row of the following table whose first column
+ contains the <var title="">new playback state</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><table><thead><tr><th>New playback state
+ <th>New value for <code title=dom-MediaController-playbackState><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-playbackstate>playbackState</a></code>
+ <th>Event name
+ <tbody><tr><td><i>playing</i>
+ <td>"<dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-playing title=dom-MediaController-playing><code>playing</code></dfn>"
+ <td><code title=event-MediaController-playing><a href=#event-mediacontroller-playing>playing</a></code>
+ <tr><td><i>waiting</i>
+ <td>"<dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-waiting title=dom-MediaController-waiting><code>waiting</code></dfn>"
+ <td><code title=event-MediaController-waiting><a href=#event-mediacontroller-waiting>waiting</a></code>
+ <tr><td><i>ended</i>
+ <td>"<dfn id=dom-mediacontroller-ended title=dom-MediaController-ended><code>ended</code></dfn>"
+ <td><code title=event-MediaController-ended><a href=#event-mediacontroller-ended>ended</a></code>
+ </table></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s <a href=#most-recently-reported-playback-state>most recently reported playback state</a>
+ be <var title="">new playback state</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) <span class=impl>that must be</span> supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a>,
+ by all objects implementing the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-onemptied title=handler-MediaController-onemptied><code>onemptied</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-emptied><a href=#event-mediacontroller-emptied>emptied</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-onloadedmetadata title=handler-MediaController-onloadedmetadata><code>onloadedmetadata</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-loadedmetadata><a href=#event-mediacontroller-loadedmetadata>loadedmetadata</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-onloadeddata title=handler-MediaController-onloadeddata><code>onloadeddata</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-loadeddata><a href=#event-mediacontroller-loadeddata>loadeddata</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-oncanplay title=handler-MediaController-oncanplay><code>oncanplay</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-canplay><a href=#event-mediacontroller-canplay>canplay</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-oncanplaythrough title=handler-MediaController-oncanplaythrough><code>oncanplaythrough</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-canplaythrough><a href=#event-mediacontroller-canplaythrough>canplaythrough</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-onplaying title=handler-MediaController-onplaying><code>onplaying</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-playing><a href=#event-mediacontroller-playing>playing</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-onended title=handler-MediaController-onended><code>onended</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-ended><a href=#event-mediacontroller-ended>ended</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-onwaiting title=handler-MediaController-onwaiting><code>onwaiting</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-waiting><a href=#event-mediacontroller-waiting>waiting</a></code>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-ondurationchange title=handler-MediaController-ondurationchange><code>ondurationchange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-durationchange><a href=#event-mediacontroller-durationchange>durationchange</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-ontimeupdate title=handler-MediaController-ontimeupdate><code>ontimeupdate</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-timeupdate><a href=#event-mediacontroller-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-onplay title=handler-MediaController-onplay><code>onplay</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-play><a href=#event-mediacontroller-play>play</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-onpause title=handler-MediaController-onpause><code>onpause</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-pause><a href=#event-mediacontroller-pause>pause</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-onratechange title=handler-MediaController-onratechange><code>onratechange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-ratechange><a href=#event-mediacontroller-ratechange>ratechange</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-mediacontroller-onvolumechange title=handler-MediaController-onvolumechange><code>onvolumechange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-MediaController-volumechange><a href=#event-mediacontroller-volumechange>volumechange</a></code>
+ </table><hr><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> listed in this
+ section is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=assigning-a-media-controller-declaratively><span class=secno>4.7.10.11.3 </span>Assigning a media controller declaratively</h6>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-media-mediagroup title=attr-media-mediagroup><code>mediagroup</code></dfn> content attribute on <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> can be used to link multiple <a href=#media-element title="media
+ element">media elements</a> together by implicitly creating a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>. The
+ value is text; <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> with the same value are
+ automatically linked by the user agent.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is created with a <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> attribute, and when a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s
+ <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> attribute is set, changed, or removed, the
+ user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- very similar to the algorithm above for setting the IDL attribute --><li><p>Let <var title="">m</var> be the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> in question.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">old controller</var> be <var title="">m</var>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a>, if it currently has one, and null otherwise.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new controller</var> be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">m</var> have no <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, if it currently
+ has one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">m</var>'s <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> attribute
+ is being removed, then jump to the <i>update controllers</i> step below.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is another <a href=#media-element>media element</a> whose <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is the same as
+ <var title="">m</var>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> (even if one or both of these elements are not
+ actually <a href=#in-a-document title="in a Document"><em>in</em> the <code>Document</code></a>), and which
+ also has a <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> attribute, and whose <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> attribute has the same value as the new value of
+ <var title="">m</var>'s <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> attribute, then
+ let <var title="">controller</var> be that <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">controller</var> be a newly created
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">m</var>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> be <var title="">controller</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new controller</var> be <var title="">m</var>'s <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#bring-the-media-element-up-to-speed-with-its-new-media-controller>Bring the media element up to speed with its new media
+ controller</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Update controllers</i>: If <var title="">old
+ controller</var> and <var title="">new controller</var> are the
+ same (whether both null or both the same controller) then abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">old controller</var> is not null and still has one or more <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved
+ media elements</a>, then <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller state</a> for <var title="">old
+ controller</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">new controller</var> is not null, then <a href=#report-the-controller-state>report the controller
+ state</a> for <var title="">new controller</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-media-mediagroup title=dom-media-mediaGroup><code>mediaGroup</code></dfn> IDL attribute on <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Multiple <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> referencing the same <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a> will share a single network request. This can be used to efficiently play two
+ (video) tracks from the same <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> in two different places on the screen.
+ Used with the <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code> attribute, these elements can
+ also be kept synchronised.</p>
+
+ <p>In this example, a sign-languge interpreter track from a movie file is overlaid on the primary
+ video track of that same video file using two <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> elements, some CSS, and an
+ implicit <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;style scoped&gt;
+ div { margin: 1em auto; position: relative; width: 400px; height: 300px; }
+ video { position; absolute; bottom: 0; right: 0; }
+ video:first-child { width: 100%; height: 100%; }
+ video:last-child { width: 30%; }
+ &lt;/style&gt;
+ &lt;div&gt;
+ &lt;video src="movie.vid#track=Video&amp;amp;track=English" autoplay controls mediagroup=movie&gt;&lt;/video&gt;
+ &lt;video src="movie.vid#track=sign" autoplay mediagroup=movie&gt;&lt;/video&gt;
+ &lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--v2:
+ <h6>Ducking</h6>
+
+ <p><dfn>Ducking</dfn> is the process of reducing the volume of one audio track when another audio
+ track is playing, for example occasionally reducing the volume of a soundtrack to allow the viewer
+ to hear an intermittent commentary track.</p>
+
+ (add an "autoduck" attribute that reduces the volume of other media elements with the same
+ <span>current media controller</span> whenever this media element is playing audio)
+
+ <video src="movie.vid#track=Video&amp;amp;track=English" autoplay controls mediagroup=main></video>
+ <audio src="movie.vid#track=Descriptions" mediagroup=main autoduck></audio>
+-->
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Video Text Tracks-->
+ <h5 id=timed-text-tracks><span class=secno>4.7.10.12 </span>Timed text tracks</h5>
+
+ <h6 id=text-track-model><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.1 </span>Text track model</h6>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-element>media element</a> can have a group of associated <dfn id=text-track title="text track">text
+ tracks</dfn>, known as the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <dfn id=list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</dfn>. The <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> are sorted as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li>The <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> corresponding to <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element
+ children of the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Any <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> added using the <code title=dom-media-addTextTrack><a href=#dom-media-addtexttrack>addTextTrack()</a></code> method, in the order they were added, oldest
+ first.</li>
+
+ <li>Any <a href=#media-resource-specific-text-track title="media-resource-specific text track">media-resource-specific text
+ tracks</a> (<a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> corresponding to data in the
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>), in the order defined by the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>'s format
+ specification.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>A <a href=#text-track>text track</a> consists of:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=text-track-kind title="text track kind">The kind of text track</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This decides how the track is handled by the user agent. The kind is represented by a string.
+ The possible strings are:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><dfn id=dom-texttrack-kind-subtitles title=dom-TextTrack-kind-subtitles><code>subtitles</code></dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-texttrack-kind-captions title=dom-TextTrack-kind-captions><code>captions</code></dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-texttrack-kind-descriptions title=dom-TextTrack-kind-descriptions><code>descriptions</code></dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-texttrack-kind-chapters title=dom-TextTrack-kind-chapters><code>chapters</code></dfn>
+ <li><dfn id=dom-texttrack-kind-metadata title=dom-TextTrack-kind-metadata><code>metadata</code></dfn>
+ </ul><p>The <a href=#text-track-kind title="text track kind">kind of track</a> can change dynamically, in the case of
+ a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> corresponding to a <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-label title="text track label">A label</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This is a human-readable string intended to identify the track for the user.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-label title="text track label">label of a track</a> can change dynamically, in the
+ case of a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> corresponding to a <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#text-track-label>text track label</a> is the empty string, the user agent should automatically
+ generate an appropriate label from the text track's other properties (e.g. the kind of text
+ track and the text track's language) for use in its user interface. This automatically-generated
+ label is not exposed in the API.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-in-band-metadata-track-dispatch-type title="text track in-band metadata track dispatch type">An in-band metadata track dispatch type</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This is a string extracted from the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> specifically for in-band
+ metadata tracks to enable such tracks to be dispatched to different scripts in the document.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, a traditional TV station broadcast streamed on the Web and
+ augmented with Web-specific interactive features could include text tracks with metadata for ad
+ targeting, trivia game data during game shows, player states during sports games, recipe
+ information during food programs, and so forth. As each program starts and ends, new tracks
+ might be added or removed from the stream, and as each one is added, the user agent could bind
+ them to dedicated script modules using the value of this attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Other than for in-band metadata text tracks, the <a href=#text-track-in-band-metadata-track-dispatch-type title="text track in-band metadata
+ track dispatch type">in-band metadata track dispatch type</a> is the empty string. How this
+ value is populated for different media formats is described in <a href=#steps-to-expose-a-media-resource-specific-text-track>steps to expose a
+ media-resource-specific text track</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-language title="text track language">A language</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This is a string (a BCP 47 language tag) representing the language of the text track's cues.
+ <a href=#refsBCP47>[BCP47]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-language title="text track language">language of a text track</a> can change dynamically,
+ in the case of a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> corresponding to a <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-readiness-state title="text track readiness state">A readiness state</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>One of the following:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=text-track-not-loaded title="text track not loaded">Not loaded</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Indicates that the text track's cues have not been obtained.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-loading title="text track loading">Loading</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Indicates that the text track is loading and there have been no fatal errors encountered so
+ far. Further cues might still be added to the track by the parser.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-loaded title="text track loaded">Loaded</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Indicates that the text track has been loaded with no fatal errors.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-failed-to-load title="text track failed to load">Failed to load</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Indicates that the text track was enabled, but when the user agent attempted to obtain it,
+ this failed in some way (e.g. <a href=#url>URL</a> could not be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolved</a>, network error, unknown text track format). Some or all of the cues are
+ likely missing and will not be obtained.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <a href=#text-track-readiness-state title="text track readiness state">readiness state</a> of a <a href=#text-track>text
+ track</a> changes dynamically as the track is obtained.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-mode title="text track mode">A mode</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>One of the following:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=text-track-disabled title="text track disabled">Disabled</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Indicates that the text track is not active. Other than for the purposes of exposing the
+ track in the DOM, the user agent is ignoring the text track. No cues are active, no events are
+ fired, and the user agent will not attempt to obtain the track's cues.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-hidden title="text track hidden">Hidden</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Indicates that the text track is active, but that the user agent is not actively displaying
+ the cues. If no attempt has yet been made to obtain the track's cues, the user agent will
+ perform such an attempt momentarily. The user agent is maintaining a list of which cues are
+ active, and events are being fired accordingly.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-showing title="text track showing">Showing</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Indicates that the text track is active. If no attempt has yet been made to obtain the
+ track's cues, the user agent will perform such an attempt momentarily. The user agent is
+ maintaining a list of which cues are active, and events are being fired accordingly. In
+ addition, for text tracks whose <a href=#text-track-kind title="text track kind">kind</a> is <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-subtitles><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-subtitles>subtitles</a></code> or <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-captions><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-captions>captions</a></code>, the cues are being overlaid on the video
+ as appropriate; for text tracks whose <a href=#text-track-kind title="text track kind">kind</a> is <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-descriptions><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-descriptions>descriptions</a></code>, the user agent is making the
+ cues available to the user in a non-visual fashion; and for text tracks whose <a href=#text-track-kind title="text track kind">kind</a> is <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-chapters><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-chapters>chapters</a></code>, the user agent is making available to
+ the user a mechanism by which the user can navigate to any point in the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a> by selecting a cue.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-list-of-cues title="text track list of cues">A list of zero or more cues</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A list of <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">text track cues</a>, along with <dfn id=rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering>rules for
+ updating the text track rendering</dfn>. For example, for <a href=#webvtt>WebVTT</a>, the <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-display-of-webvtt-text-tracks>rules
+ for updating the display of WebVTT text tracks</a>. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a> </p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues title="text track list of cues">list of cues of a text track</a> can change
+ dynamically, either because the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> has <a href=#text-track-not-loaded title="text track not
+ loaded">not yet been loaded</a> or is still <a href=#text-track-loading title="text track loading">loading</a>,
+ or due to DOM manipulation.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Each <a href=#text-track>text track</a> has a corresponding <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Each <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <dfn id=list-of-pending-text-tracks>list of pending text tracks</dfn>, which must
+ initially be empty, a <dfn id=blocked-on-parser>blocked-on-parser</dfn> flag, which must initially be false, and a
+ <dfn id=did-perform-automatic-track-selection>did-perform-automatic-track-selection</dfn> flag, which must also initially be false.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=populate-the-list-of-pending-text-tracks>populate the list of pending text tracks</dfn> of a
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, the user agent must add to the element's <a href=#list-of-pending-text-tracks>list of pending text
+ tracks</a> each <a href=#text-track>text track</a> in the element's <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a> whose
+ <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> is not <a href=#text-track-disabled title="text track disabled">disabled</a> and whose
+ <a href=#text-track-readiness-state>text track readiness state</a> is <!--either <span title="text track not loaded">not
+ loaded</span> or [there can't be any in the 'not loaded' state that are not 'disabled']--> <a href=#text-track-loading title="text track loading">loading</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever a <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element's parent node changes, the user agent must remove the
+ corresponding <a href=#text-track>text track</a> from any <a href=#list-of-pending-text-tracks>list of pending text tracks</a> that it is
+ in.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever a <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-readiness-state>text track readiness state</a> changes to either
+ <a href=#text-track-loaded title="text track loaded">loaded</a> or <a href=#text-track-failed-to-load title="text track failed to load">failed to
+ load</a>, the user agent must remove it from any <a href=#list-of-pending-text-tracks>list of pending text tracks</a> that
+ it is in.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is created by an <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> or <a href=#xml-parser>XML
+ parser</a>, the user agent must set the element's <a href=#blocked-on-parser>blocked-on-parser</a> flag to true.
+ When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is popped off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> of an
+ <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> or <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>, the user agent must <a href=#honor-user-preferences-for-automatic-text-track-selection>honor user
+ preferences for automatic text track selection</a>, <a href=#populate-the-list-of-pending-text-tracks>populate the list of pending text
+ tracks</a>, and set the element's <a href=#blocked-on-parser>blocked-on-parser</a> flag to false.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> of a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> are <dfn id=the-text-tracks-are-ready title="the text tracks are ready">ready</dfn> when both the element's <a href=#list-of-pending-text-tracks>list of pending text
+ tracks</a> is empty and the element's <a href=#blocked-on-parser>blocked-on-parser</a> flag is false.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <dfn id=pending-text-track-change-notification-flag>pending text track change notification flag</dfn>,
+ which must initially be unset.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that is in a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text
+ tracks</a> has its <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> change value, the user agent must run the
+ following steps for the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#pending-text-track-change-notification-flag>pending text track change notification
+ flag</a> is set, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#pending-text-track-change-notification-flag>pending text track change notification
+ flag</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> that runs the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Unset the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#pending-text-track-change-notification-flag>pending text track change notification
+ flag</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-media-change><a href=#event-media-change>change</a></code> at
+ the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-textTracks><a href=#dom-media-texttracks>textTracks</a></code>
+ attribute's <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> is not set, run the
+ <i><a href=#time-marches-on>time marches on</a></i> steps.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> listed in this
+ section is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <dfn id=text-track-cue>text track cue</dfn> is the unit of time-sensitive data in a <a href=#text-track>text track</a>,
+ corresponding for instance for subtitles and captions to the text that appears at a particular
+ time and disappears at another time.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> consists of:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=text-track-cue-identifier title="text track cue identifier">An identifier</dfn>
+ <dd>
+ <p>An arbitrary string.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-cue-start-time title="text track cue start time">A start time</dfn>
+ <dd>
+ <p>The time, in seconds and fractions of a second, that describes the beginning of the range of
+ the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> to which the cue applies.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-cue-end-time title="text track cue end time">An end time</dfn>
+ <dd>
+ <p>The time, in seconds and fractions of a second, that describes the end of the range of the
+ <a href=#media-data>media data</a> to which the cue applies.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-cue-pause-on-exit-flag title="text track cue pause-on-exit flag">A pause-on-exit flag</dfn>
+ <dd>
+ <p>A boolean indicating whether playback of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is to pause when the
+ end of the range to which the cue applies is reached.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Some additional format-specific data</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Additional fields, as needed for the format. For example, WebVTT has a <a href=#text-track-cue-writing-direction>text track cue
+ writing direction</a> and so forth. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=text-track-cue-data title="text track cue data">The data of the cue</dfn>
+ <dd>
+ <p>The raw data of the cue, and <dfn id=rules-for-rendering-the-cue-in-isolation>rules for rendering the cue in isolation</dfn>.</p>
+ <p>The precise nature of this data is defined by the format. For example, WebVTT uses text.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>The <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track cue start time</a> and <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time>text track cue end
+ time</a> can be negative. (The <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> can never be negative,
+ though, so cues entirely before time zero cannot be active.)</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> has a corresponding <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> object (or more
+ specifically, an object that inherits from <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> &mdash; for example, WebVTT
+ cues use the <code>VTTCue</code> interface). A <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a>'s in-memory
+ representation can be dynamically changed through this <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> API. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> is associated with <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering>rules for updating the text track
+ rendering</a>, as defined by the specification for the specific kind of <a href=#text-track-cue>text track
+ cue</a>. These rules are used specifically when the object representing the cue is added to a
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object using the <code title=dom-TextTrack-addCue><a href=#dom-texttrack-addcue>addCue()</a></code>
+ method.</p>
+
+ <p>In addition, each <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> has two pieces of dynamic information:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The <dfn id=text-track-cue-active-flag title="text track cue active flag">active flag</dfn>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag must be initially unset. The flag is used to ensure events are fired appropriately
+ when the cue becomes active or inactive, and to make sure the right cues are rendered.</p>
+
+ <p>The user agent must synchronously unset this flag whenever the <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> is
+ removed from its <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a>; whenever the
+ <a href=#text-track>text track</a> itself is removed from its <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of
+ text tracks</a> or has its <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> changed to <a href=#text-track-disabled title="text track
+ disabled">disabled</a>; and whenever the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> is changed back to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>. When the flag is unset in this way for one
+ or more cues in <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> that were <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track
+ showing">showing</a> prior to the relevant incident, the user agent must, after having unset
+ the flag for all the affected cues, apply the <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering>rules for updating the text track
+ rendering</a> of those <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a>. For example, for <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> based on <a href=#webvtt>WebVTT</a>, the <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-display-of-webvtt-text-tracks>rules for updating
+ the display of WebVTT text tracks</a>. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p> </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=text-track-cue-display-state title="text track cue display state">display state</dfn>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This is used as part of the rendering model, to keep cues in a consistent position. It must
+ initially be empty. Whenever the <a href=#text-track-cue-active-flag>text track cue active flag</a> is unset, the user
+ agent must empty the <a href=#text-track-cue-display-state>text track cue display state</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">text track cues</a> of a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> are ordered relative to each other in the <dfn id=text-track-cue-order>text track
+ cue order</dfn>, which is determined as follows: first group the <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track
+ cue">cues</a> by their <a href=#text-track>text track</a>, with the groups being sorted in the same order
+ as their <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> appear in the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s
+ <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>; then, within each group, <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track
+ cue">cues</a> must be sorted by their <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time title="text track cue start time">start
+ time</a>, earliest first; then, any <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> with the same
+ <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time title="text track cue start time">start time</a> must be sorted by their <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time title="text track cue end time">end time</a>, latest first; and finally, any <a href=#text-track-cue title="text
+ track cue">cues</a> with identical <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time title="text track cue end time">end times</a> must
+ be sorted in the order they were last added to their respective <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of
+ cues</a>, oldest first (so e.g. for cues from a <a href=#webvtt>WebVTT</a> file, that would initially
+ be the order in which the cues were listed in the file). <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=sourcing-in-band-text-tracks><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.2 </span>Sourcing in-band text tracks</h6>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=media-resource-specific-text-track>media-resource-specific text track</dfn> is a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that corresponds
+ to data found in the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Rules for processing and rendering such data are defined by the relevant specifications, e.g.
+ the specification of the video format if the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is a video.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> contains data that the user agent recognises and supports as
+ being equivalent to a <a href=#text-track>text track</a>, the user agent <a href=#found-a-media-resource-specific-timed-track>runs</a> the <dfn id=steps-to-expose-a-media-resource-specific-text-track>steps to expose a
+ media-resource-specific text track</dfn> with the relevant data, as follows.</p>
+
+ <!-- this runs synchronously from a fetch task -->
+
+ <ol><li><p>Associate the relevant data with a new <a href=#text-track>text track</a> and its corresponding new
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object. The <a href=#text-track>text track</a> is a <a href=#media-resource-specific-text-track>media-resource-specific
+ text track</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the new <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-kind title="text track kind">kind</a>, <a href=#text-track-label title="text track label">label</a>, and <a href=#text-track-language title="text track language">language</a>
+ based on the semantics of the relevant data, as defined by the relevant specification. If there
+ is no label in that data, then the <a href=#text-track-label title="text track label">label</a> must be set to the
+ empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Associate the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a> with the <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering>rules for updating the
+ text track rendering</a> appropriate for the format in question.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the new <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-kind title="text track kind">kind</a> is <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-metadata><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-metadata>metadata</a></code>, then set the <a href=#text-track-in-band-metadata-track-dispatch-type>text track in-band
+ metadata track dispatch type</a> as follows, based on the type of the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is an Ogg file</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href=#text-track-in-band-metadata-track-dispatch-type>text track in-band metadata track dispatch type</a> must be set to the value
+ of the Name header field. <a href=#refsOGGSKELETONHEADERS>[OGGSKELETONHEADERS]</a></dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is a WebM file</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href=#text-track-in-band-metadata-track-dispatch-type>text track in-band metadata track dispatch type</a> must be set to the value
+ of the <code title="">CodecID</code> element. <a href=#refsWEBMCG>[WEBMCG]</a></dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is an MPEG-2 file</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">stream type</var> be the value of the "stream_type" field describing the
+ text track's type in the file's program map section, interpreted as an 8-bit unsigned integer.
+ Let <var title="">length</var> be the value of the "ES_info_length" field for the track in the
+ same part of the program map section, interpreted as an integer as defined by the MPEG-2
+ specification. Let <var title="">descriptor bytes</var> be the <var title="">length</var> bytes
+ following the "ES_info_length" field. The <a href=#text-track-in-band-metadata-track-dispatch-type>text track in-band metadata track dispatch
+ type</a> must be set to the concatenation of the <var title="">stream type</var> byte and
+ the zero or more <var title="">descriptor bytes</var> bytes, expressed in hexadecimal using
+ <a href=#uppercase-ascii-hex-digits>uppercase ASCII hex digits</a>. <a href=#refsMPEG2>[MPEG2]</a>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is an MPEG-4 file</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the
+ first <code title="">stsd</code> box of the
+ first <code title="">stbl</code> box of the
+ first <code title="">minf</code> box of the
+ first <code title="">mdia</code> box of the
+ <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <code title="">trak</code> box in the
+ first <code title="">moov</code> box
+ of the file be the <i>stsd box</i>, if any.
+
+ If the file has no <i>stsd box</i>, or if the <i>stsd box</i> has neither a <code title="">mett</code> box nor a <code title="">metx</code> box, then the <a href=#text-track-in-band-metadata-track-dispatch-type>text track
+ in-band metadata track dispatch type</a> must be set to the empty string.
+
+ Otherwise, if the <i>stsd box</i> has a <code title="">mett</code> box then the <a href=#text-track-in-band-metadata-track-dispatch-type>text
+ track in-band metadata track dispatch type</a> must be set to the concatenation of the
+ string "<code title="">mett</code>", a U+0020 SPACE character, and the value of the first <code title="">mime_format</code> field of the first <code title="">mett</code> box of the <i>stsd
+ box</i>, or the empty string if that field is absent in that box.
+
+ Otherwise, if the <i>stsd box</i> has no <code title="">mett</code> box but has a <code title="">metx</code> box then the <a href=#text-track-in-band-metadata-track-dispatch-type>text track in-band metadata track dispatch type</a>
+ must be set to the concatenation of the string "<code title="">metx</code>", a U+0020 SPACE
+ character, and the value of the first <code title="">namespace</code> field of the first <code title="">metx</code> box of the <i>stsd box</i>, or the empty string if that field is absent in
+ that box.
+
+ <a href=#refsMPEG4>[MPEG4]</a>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Populate the new <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues title="text track list of cues">list of
+ cues</a> with the cues parsed so far, following the <a href=#guidelines-for-exposing-cues-in-various-formats-as-text-track-cues>guidelines for exposing
+ cues</a>, and begin updating it dynamically as necessary.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the new <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-readiness-state title="text track readiness state">readiness
+ state</a> to <a href=#text-track-loaded title="text track loaded">loaded</a>.</li> <!-- otherwise, you'll
+ have to load the whole media file just to start playing the first frame... -->
+
+ <li><p>Set the new <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-mode title="text track mode">mode</a> to the
+ mode consistent with the user's preferences and the requirements of the relevant specification
+ for the data.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For instance, if there are no other active subtitles, and this is a forced
+ subtitle track (a subtitle track giving subtitles in the audio track's primary language, but
+ only for audio that is actually in another language), then those subtitles might be activated
+ here.</p>
+
+ </li> <!-- it's too late to apply the normal heuristic, so we don't bother -->
+
+ <li><p>Add the new <a href=#text-track>text track</a> to the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text
+ tracks</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>Fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-media-addtrack><a href=#event-media-addtrack>addtrack</a></code>, that does not bubble and is not cancelable, and that uses
+ the <code><a href=#trackevent>TrackEvent</a></code> interface, with the <code title=dom-TrackEvent-track><a href=#dom-trackevent-track>track</a></code>
+ attribute initialised to the <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object, at the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-textTracks><a href=#dom-media-texttracks>textTracks</a></code> attribute's
+ <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ </ol><!-- removetrack: we don't currently ever remove an in-band text track, because it might have been
+ manipulated or might be about to be manipulated. If we made in-band text tracks readonly, we could
+ probably get away with cleaning them up when they fall into the time before the earliest possible
+ position and are known to be over and done with. --><!-- if, after in-band text tracks have been found, there's no out-of-band text tracks, then apply
+ user prefs? --></div>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h6 id=sourcing-out-of-band-text-tracks><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.3 </span>Sourcing out-of-band text tracks</h6>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element is created, it must be associated with a new <a href=#text-track>text
+ track</a> (with its value set as defined below) and its corresponding new
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-kind>text track kind</a> is determined from the state of the element's <code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>kind</a></code> attribute according to the following table; for a state given
+ in a cell of the first column, the <a href=#text-track-kind title="text track kind">kind</a> is the string given
+ in the second column:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>State
+ <th>String
+ <tbody><tr><td><a href=#attr-track-kind-subtitles title=attr-track-kind-subtitles>Subtitles</a>
+ <td><code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-subtitles><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-subtitles>subtitles</a></code>
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-track-kind-captions title=attr-track-kind-captions>Captions</a>
+ <td><code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-captions><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-captions>captions</a></code>
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-track-kind-descriptions title=attr-track-kind-descriptions>Descriptions</a>
+ <td><code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-descriptions><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-descriptions>descriptions</a></code>
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-track-kind-chapters title=attr-track-kind-chapters>Chapters</a>
+ <td><code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-chapters><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-chapters>chapters</a></code>
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-track-kind-metadata title=attr-track-kind-metadata>Metadata</a>
+ <td><code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-metadata><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-metadata>metadata</a></code>
+ </table><p>The <a href=#text-track-label>text track label</a> is the element's <a href=#track-label>track label</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-language>text track language</a> is the element's <a href=#track-language>track language</a>, if any, or
+ the empty string otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>As the <code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>kind</a></code>, <code title=attr-track-label><a href=#attr-track-label>label</a></code>,
+ and <code title=attr-track-srclang><a href=#attr-track-srclang>srclang</a></code> attributes are set, changed, or removed, the
+ <a href=#text-track>text track</a> must update accordingly, as per the definitions above.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Changes to the <a href=#track-url>track URL</a> are handled in the algorithm below.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-readiness-state>text track readiness state</a> is initially <a href=#text-track-not-loaded title="text track not
+ loaded">not loaded</a>, and the <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> is initially <a href=#text-track-disabled title="text
+ track disabled">disabled</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a> is initially empty. It is dynamically modified when
+ the referenced file is parsed. Associated with the list are the <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering>rules for updating the text
+ track rendering</a> appropriate for the format in question; for <a href=#webvtt>WebVTT</a>, this is
+ the <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-display-of-webvtt-text-tracks>rules for updating the display of WebVTT text tracks</a>. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element's parent element changes and the new parent is a <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>, then the user agent must add the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element's corresponding
+ <a href=#text-track>text track</a> to the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>, and
+ then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-media-addtrack><a href=#event-media-addtrack>addtrack</a></code>, that does not bubble and is not cancelable, and that uses
+ the <code><a href=#trackevent>TrackEvent</a></code> interface, with the <code title=dom-TrackEvent-track><a href=#dom-trackevent-track>track</a></code>
+ attribute initialised to the <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object, at the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-textTracks><a href=#dom-media-texttracks>textTracks</a></code> attribute's
+ <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element's parent element changes and the old parent was a <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>, then the user agent must remove the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element's corresponding
+ <a href=#text-track>text track</a> from the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>,
+ and then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-media-removetrack><a href=#event-media-removetrack>removetrack</a></code>, that does not bubble and is not cancelable, and that
+ uses the <code><a href=#trackevent>TrackEvent</a></code> interface, with the <code title=dom-TrackEvent-track><a href=#dom-trackevent-track>track</a></code> attribute initialised to the <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object, at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-textTracks><a href=#dom-media-texttracks>textTracks</a></code> attribute's <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> object.</p>
+ <!-- removetrack -->
+
+ <hr><p>When a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> corresponding to a <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element is added to a
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to run the following steps for the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element's <a href=#blocked-on-parser>blocked-on-parser</a> flag is true, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element's <a href=#did-perform-automatic-track-selection>did-perform-automatic-track-selection</a> flag is true, abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#honor-user-preferences-for-automatic-text-track-selection>Honor user preferences for automatic text track selection</a> for this
+ element.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=honor-user-preferences-for-automatic-text-track-selection>honor user preferences for automatic text track
+ selection</dfn> for a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#perform-automatic-text-track-selection>Perform automatic text track selection</a> for <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-subtitles><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-subtitles>subtitles</a></code> and <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-captions><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-captions>captions</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#perform-automatic-text-track-selection>Perform automatic text track selection</a> for <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-descriptions><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-descriptions>descriptions</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#perform-automatic-text-track-selection>Perform automatic text track selection</a> for <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-chapters><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-chapters>chapters</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there are any <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> in the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a> whose <a href=#text-track-kind>text track kind</a> is <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-metadata><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-metadata>metadata</a></code> that correspond to <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code>
+ elements with a <code title=attr-track-default><a href=#attr-track-default>default</a></code> attribute set whose <a href=#text-track-mode>text
+ track mode</a> is set to <a href=#text-track-disabled title="text track disabled">disabled</a>, then set the
+ <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> of all such tracks to <a href=#text-track-hidden title="text track
+ hidden">hidden</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the element's <a href=#did-perform-automatic-track-selection>did-perform-automatic-track-selection</a> flag to
+ true.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the steps above say to <dfn id=perform-automatic-text-track-selection>perform automatic text track selection</dfn> for one or more
+ <a href=#text-track-kind title="text track kind">text track kinds</a>, it means to run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">candidates</var> be a list consisting of the <a href=#text-track title="text
+ track">text tracks</a> in the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>
+ whose <a href=#text-track-kind>text track kind</a> is one of the kinds that were passed to the algorithm, if any,
+ in the order given in the <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidates</var> is empty, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If any of the <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> in <var title="">candidates</var> have a <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> set to <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track
+ showing">showing</a>, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the user has expressed an interest in having a track from <var title="">candidates</var>
+ enabled based on its <a href=#text-track-kind>text track kind</a>, <a href=#text-track-language>text track language</a>, and
+ <a href=#text-track-label>text track label</a>, then set its <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> to <a href=#text-track-showing title="text
+ track showing">showing</a><!--, and if there are any <span title="text track">text
+ tracks</span> in <var title="">candidates</var> that correspond to <code>track</code> elements
+ with a <code title="attr-track-default">default</code> attribute set whose <span>text track
+ mode</span> is set to <span title="text track disabled">disabled</span>, then additionally set
+ the <span>text track mode</span> of the first such track to <span title="text track
+ hidden">hidden</span>-->.</p> <!-- the idea behind the commented out stuff is that we still get
+ events and stuff: we can expect authors to forget that default doesn't mean that it'll always be
+ turned on, and that they'll still rely on events firing even if it doesn't show. But it is
+ commented out, because we can equally expect authors to expect only one track is getting events,
+ so we've got problems either way, and might as well go with the simpler behaviour. -->
+
+ <p class=note>For example, the user could have set a browser preference to the effect of "I
+ want French captions whenever possible", or "If there is a subtitle track with 'Commentary' in
+ the title, enable it", or "If there are audio description tracks available, enable one, ideally
+ in Swiss German, but failing that in Standard Swiss German or Standard German".</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if there are any <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> in <var title="">candidates</var> that correspond to <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> elements with a <code title=attr-track-default><a href=#attr-track-default>default</a></code> attribute set whose <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> is
+ set to <a href=#text-track-disabled title="text track disabled">disabled</a>, then set the <a href=#text-track-mode>text track
+ mode</a> of the first such track to <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track showing">showing</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>When a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> corresponding to a <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element experiences any of
+ the following circumstances, the user agent must <a href=#start-the-track-processing-model>start the <code>track</code> processing
+ model</a> for that <a href=#text-track>text track</a> and its <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element:
+
+ <ul><li>The <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element is created.</li>
+
+ <li>The <a href=#text-track>text track</a> has its <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> changed.</li>
+
+ <li>The <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element's parent element changes and the new parent is a <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=start-the-track-processing-model>start the <code>track</code> processing model</dfn> for a
+ <a href=#text-track>text track</a> and its <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element, it must run the following algorithm.
+ This algorithm interacts closely with the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> mechanism; in particular, it has
+ a <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> (which is triggered as part of the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>
+ algorithm). The steps in that section are marked with &#x231b;.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If another occurrence of this algorithm is already running for this <a href=#text-track>text
+ track</a> and its <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element, abort these steps, letting that other algorithm
+ take care of this element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> is not set to one of <a href=#text-track-hidden title="text track hidden">hidden</a> or <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track showing">showing</a>, abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element does not have a <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> as a parent, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the remainder of these steps asynchronously, allowing whatever caused these steps to
+ run to continue.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Top</i>: <a href=#await-a-stable-state>Await a stable state</a>. The <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>
+ consists of the following steps. (The steps in the <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a> are marked
+ with &#x231b;.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Set the <a href=#text-track-readiness-state>text track readiness state</a> to <a href=#text-track-loading title="text track
+ loading">loading</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; Let <var title="">URL</var> be the <a href=#track-url>track URL</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231b; If the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element's parent is a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> then
+ let <var title="">CORS mode</var> be the state of the parent <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=attr-media-crossorigin><a href=#attr-media-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> content attribute. Otherwise, let <var title="">CORS mode</var> be <a href=#attr-crossorigin-none title=attr-crossorigin-none>No CORS</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>End the <a href=#synchronous-section>synchronous section</a>, continuing the remaining steps
+ asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">URL</var> is not the empty string, perform a <a href=#potentially-cors-enabled-fetch>potentially CORS-enabled
+ fetch</a><!--FETCH--> of <var title="">URL</var>, with the <i>mode</i> being <var title="">CORS mode</var>, the <i title="">origin</i> being the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and the <i>default origin behaviour</i> set
+ to <i>fail</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The resource obtained in this fashion, if any, contains the text track data. If any data is
+ obtained, it is by definition <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a> (cross-origin resources that are not
+ suitably CORS-enabled do not get this far).</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by the
+ <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a> on the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> to
+ process the data as it is being fetched must <!--<span title="Content-Type
+ sniffing">-->determine the <!--sniffed--> type of the resource<!--</span>-->. If the
+ <!--sniffed--> type of the resource is not a supported text track format, the load will fail, as
+ described below. Otherwise, the resource's data must be passed to the appropriate parser (e.g.
+ the <a href=#webvtt-parser>WebVTT parser</a><!-- if the file starts with the "<code title="">WEBVTT</code>"
+ signature-->) as it is received, with the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a> being used for
+ that parser's output. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p><!-- see also critical block below,
+ and the word "sniffed" in the paragraph after that -->
+
+ <p class=note>The appropriate parser will synchronously (during these <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task
+ source</a> <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a>) and incrementally (as each such task is
+ run with whatever data has been received from the network) update the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of
+ cues</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=critical>This specification does not currently say whether or how to check the MIME
+ types of text tracks, or whether or how to perform file type sniffing using the actual file
+ data. Implementors differ in their intentions on this matter and it is therefore unclear what
+ the right solution is. In the absence of any requirement here, the HTTP specification's strict
+ requirement to follow the Content-Type header prevails ("Content-Type specifies the media type
+ of the underlying data." ... "If and only if the media type is not given by a Content-Type
+ field, the recipient MAY attempt to guess the media type via inspection of its content
+ and<!---->/<!---->or the name extension(s) of the URI used to identify the resource.").</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a> fails for any reason (network error,
+ the server returns an error code, a cross-origin check fails, etc), or if <var title="">URL</var> is the empty string, then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to first change the
+ <a href=#text-track-readiness-state>text track readiness state</a> to <a href=#text-track-failed-to-load title="text track failed to load">failed to
+ load</a> and then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element. This <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> must use the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task source</a>. <!--
+ can't be the media element one, since there might not be a media element by this point --></p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a> does not fail, but the <!--sniffed-->
+ type of the resource is not a supported text track format, or the file was not successfully
+ processed (e.g. the format in question is an XML format and the file contained a well-formedness
+ error that the XML specification requires be detected and reported to the application), then the
+ <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by the
+ <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> in which the aforementioned problem is found must change the
+ <a href=#text-track-readiness-state>text track readiness state</a> to <a href=#text-track-failed-to-load title="text track failed to load">failed to
+ load</a> and <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code>
+ at the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a> does not fail, and the file was
+ successfully processed, then the final <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>, after it has
+ finished parsing the data, must change the <a href=#text-track-readiness-state>text track readiness state</a> to <a href=#text-track-loaded title="text track loaded">loaded</a>, and <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If, while the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a> is active, either:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>the <a href=#track-url>track URL</a> changes so that it is no longer equal to <var title="">URL</var>, while the <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> is set to <a href=#text-track-hidden title="text track
+ hidden">hidden</a> or <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track showing">showing</a>; or</li>
+
+ <li>the <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> changes to <a href=#text-track-hidden title="text track hidden">hidden</a>
+ or <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track showing">showing</a>, while the <a href=#track-url>track URL</a> is not
+ equal to <var title="">URL</var></li>
+
+ </ul><p>...then the user agent must abort the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a>,
+ discarding any pending <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> generated by that algorithm (and
+ in particular, not adding any cues to the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a> after the moment
+ the URL changed), and then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> that first changes the <a href=#text-track-readiness-state>text track
+ readiness state</a> to <a href=#text-track-failed-to-load title="text track failed to load">failed to load</a> and
+ then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event title="fire a simple event">fires a simple event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element. This <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> must use the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task source</a>. <!--
+ can't be the media element one, since there might not be a media element by this point --></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait until the <a href=#text-track-readiness-state>text track readiness state</a> is no longer set to <a href=#text-track-loading title="text track loading">loading</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait until the <a href=#track-url>track URL</a> is no longer equal to <var title="">URL</var>, at
+ the same time as the <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> is set to <a href=#text-track-hidden title="text track
+ hidden">hidden</a> or <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track showing">showing</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Jump to the step labeled <i>top</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Whenever a <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element has its <code title=attr-track-src><a href=#attr-track-src>src</a></code> attribute
+ set, changed, or removed, the user agent must synchronously empty the element's <a href=#text-track>text
+ track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a>. (This also causes the algorithm above to stop
+ adding cues from the resource being obtained using the previously given URL, if any.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h6 id=guidelines-for-exposing-cues-in-various-formats-as-text-track-cues><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.4 </span><dfn>Guidelines for exposing cues</dfn> in various formats as <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track
+ cue">text track cues</a></h6>
+
+ <p>How a specific format's text track cues are to be interpreted for the purposes of processing by
+ an HTML user agent is defined by that format. In the absence of such a specification, this section
+ provides some constraints within which implementations can attempt to consistently expose such
+ formats.</p>
+
+ <p>To support the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> model of HTML, each unit of timed data is converted to a
+ <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a>. Where the mapping of the format's features to the aspects of a
+ <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> as defined in this specification are not defined, implementations must
+ ensure that the mapping is consistent with the definitions of the aspects of a <a href=#text-track-cue>text track
+ cue</a> as defined above, as well as with the following constraints:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The <a href=#text-track-cue-identifier>text track cue identifier</a>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Should be set to the empty string if the format has no obvious analogue to a per-cue
+ identifier.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#text-track-cue-pause-on-exit-flag>text track cue pause-on-exit flag</a>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Should be set to false.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=text-track-api><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.5 </span>Text track API</h6>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=texttracklist>TextTrackList</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-texttracklist-length title=dom-TextTrackList-length>length</a>;
+ getter <a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a> (unsigned long index);
+ <a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a>? <a href=#dom-texttracklist-gettrackbyid title=dom-TextTrackList-getTrackById>getTrackById</a>(DOMString id);
+
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-texttracklist-onchange title=handler-TextTrackList-onchange>onchange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-texttracklist-onaddtrack title=handler-TextTrackList-onaddtrack>onaddtrack</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-texttracklist-onremovetrack title=handler-TextTrackList-onremovetrack>onremovetrack</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-textTracks><a href=#dom-media-texttracks>textTracks</a></code> . <code title="">length</code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the number of <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> associated with the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> (e.g. from <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> elements). This is the number of <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> in the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-textTracks><a href=#dom-media-texttracks>textTracks[</a></code> <var title="">n</var> <code title="">]</code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object representing the <var title="">n</var>th <a href=#text-track>text track</a> in the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">textTrack</var> = <var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-textTracks><a href=#dom-media-texttracks>textTracks</a></code> . <code title=dom-TextTrackList-getTrackById><a href=#dom-texttracklist-gettrackbyid>getTrackById</a></code>( <var title="">id</var> )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object with the given identifier, or null if no track has that identifier.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">track</var> . <code title=dom-track-track><a href=#dom-track-track>track</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object representing the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element's <a href=#text-track>text track</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> object represents a dynamically updating list of <a href=#text-track title="text
+ track">text tracks</a> in a given order.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-texttracks title=dom-media-textTracks><code>textTracks</code></dfn> attribute of <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> must return a <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> object
+ representing the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> objects of the <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a>
+ in the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>, in the same order as in the
+ <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>. The same object must be returned each time the attribute is
+ accessed. <a href=#refsWEBIDL>[WEBIDL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttracklist-length title=dom-TextTrackList-length><code>length</code></dfn> attribute of a
+ <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> object must return the number of <a href=#text-track title="text track">text
+ tracks</a> in the list represented by the <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> of a <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> object at any
+ instant are the numbers from zero to the number of <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> in
+ the list represented by the <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> object minus one, if any. If there are no
+ <a href=#text-track title="text track">text tracks</a> in the list, there are no <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property
+ indices</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>To <a href=#determine-the-value-of-an-indexed-property>determine the value of an indexed property</a> of a <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code>
+ object for a given index <var title="">index</var>, the user agent must return the <var title="">index</var>th <a href=#text-track>text track</a> in the list represented by the
+ <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttracklist-gettrackbyid title=dom-TextTrackList-getTrackById><code>getTrackById(<var title="">id</var>)</code></dfn> method must return the first <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> in the
+ <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> object whose <code title=dom-TextTrack-id><a href=#dom-texttrack-id>id</a></code> IDL attribute
+ would return a value equal to the value of the <var title="">id</var> argument. When no tracks
+ match the given argument, the method must return null.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>enum <dfn id=texttrackmode>TextTrackMode</dfn> {<!--
+ --> "<a href=#dom-texttrack-disabled title=dom-TextTrack-disabled>disabled</a>", <!--
+ --> "<a href=#dom-texttrack-hidden title=dom-TextTrack-hidden>hidden</a>", <!--
+ --> "<a href=#dom-texttrack-showing title=dom-TextTrack-showing>showing</a>" };
+enum <dfn id=texttrackkind>TextTrackKind</dfn> {<!--
+ --> "<a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-subtitles title=dom-TextTrack-kind-subtitles>subtitles</a>", <!--
+ --> "<a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-captions title=dom-TextTrack-kind-captions>captions</a>", <!--
+ --> "<a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-descriptions title=dom-TextTrack-kind-descriptions>descriptions</a>", <!--
+ --> "<a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-chapters title=dom-TextTrack-kind-chapters>chapters</a>", <!--
+ --> "<a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-metadata title=dom-TextTrack-kind-metadata>metadata</a>" };
+interface <dfn id=texttrack>TextTrack</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#texttrackkind>TextTrackKind</a> <a href=#dom-texttrack-kind title=dom-TextTrack-kind>kind</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-texttrack-label title=dom-TextTrack-label>label</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-texttrack-language title=dom-TextTrack-language>language</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-texttrack-id title=dom-TextTrack-id>id</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-texttrack-inbandmetadatatrackdispatchtype title=dom-TextTrack-inBandMetadataTrackDispatchType>inBandMetadataTrackDispatchType</a>;
+
+ attribute <a href=#texttrackmode>TextTrackMode</a> <a href=#dom-texttrack-mode title=dom-TextTrack-mode>mode</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a>? <a href=#dom-texttrack-cues title=dom-TextTrack-cues>cues</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a>? <a href=#dom-texttrack-activecues title=dom-TextTrack-activeCues>activeCues</a>;
+
+ void <a href=#dom-texttrack-addcue title=dom-TextTrack-addCue>addCue</a>(<a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a> cue);
+ void <a href=#dom-texttrack-removecue title=dom-TextTrack-removeCue>removeCue</a>(<a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a> cue);
+
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-texttrack-oncuechange title=handler-TextTrack-oncuechange>oncuechange</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">textTrack</var> = <var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-addTextTrack><a href=#dom-media-addtexttrack>addTextTrack</a></code>( <var title="">kind</var> [, <var title="">label</var> [, <var title="">language</var> ] ] )</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Creates and returns a new <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object, which is also added to the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">textTrack</var> . <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind>kind</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#text-track-kind>text track kind</a> string.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">textTrack</var> . <code title=dom-TextTrack-label><a href=#dom-texttrack-label>label</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#text-track-label>text track label</a>, if there is one, or the empty string otherwise
+ (indicating that a custom label probably needs to be generated from the other attributes of the
+ object if the object is exposed to the user).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">textTrack</var> . <code title=dom-TextTrack-language><a href=#dom-texttrack-language>language</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#text-track-language>text track language</a> string.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">textTrack</var> . <code title=dom-TextTrack-id><a href=#dom-texttrack-id>id</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the ID of the given track.</p>
+
+ <p>For in-band tracks, this is the ID that can be used with a fragment identifier if the format
+ supports the <cite>Media Fragments URI</cite> syntax, and that can be used with the <code title=dom-TextTrackList-getTrackById><a href=#dom-texttracklist-gettrackbyid>getTrackById()</a></code> method. <a href=#refsMEDIAFRAG>[MEDIAFRAG]</a></p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> objects corresponding to <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> elements, this is the
+ ID of the <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">textTrack</var> . <code title=dom-TextTrack-inBandMetadataTrackDispatchType><a href=#dom-texttrack-inbandmetadatatrackdispatchtype>inBandMetadataTrackDispatchType</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#text-track-in-band-metadata-track-dispatch-type>text track in-band metadata track dispatch type</a> string.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">textTrack</var> . <code title=dom-TextTrack-mode><a href=#dom-texttrack-mode>mode</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a>, represented by a string from the following
+ list:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>"<code title=dom-TextTrack-disabled><a href=#dom-texttrack-disabled>disabled</a></code>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-disabled>text track disabled</a> mode.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>"<code title=dom-TextTrack-hidden><a href=#dom-texttrack-hidden>hidden</a></code>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-hidden>text track hidden</a> mode.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>"<code title=dom-TextTrack-showing><a href=#dom-texttrack-showing>showing</a></code>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>The <a href=#text-track-showing>text track showing</a> mode.</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><p>Can be set, to change the mode.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">textTrack</var> . <code title=dom-TextTrack-cues><a href=#dom-texttrack-cues>cues</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a>, as a <code><a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a></code> object.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">textTrack</var> . <code title=dom-TextTrack-activeCues><a href=#dom-texttrack-activecues>activeCues</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">text track cues</a> from the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track
+ list of cues</a> that are currently active (i.e. that start before the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback
+ position</a> and end after it), as a <code><a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">textTrack</var> . <code title=dom-TextTrack-addCue><a href=#dom-texttrack-addcue>addCue</a></code>( <var title="">cue</var> )</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Adds the given cue to <var title="">textTrack</var>'s <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">textTrack</var> . <code title=dom-TextTrack-removeCue><a href=#dom-texttrack-removecue>removeCue</a></code>( <var title="">cue</var> )</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Removes the given cue from <var title="">textTrack</var>'s <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-addtexttrack title=dom-media-addTextTrack><code>addTextTrack(<var title="">kind</var>, <var title="">label</var>, <var title="">language</var>)</code></dfn> method of <a href=#media-element title="media
+ element">media elements</a>, when invoked, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Create a new <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Create a new <a href=#text-track>text track</a> corresponding to the new object, and set its <a href=#text-track-kind>text
+ track kind</a> to <var title="">kind</var>, its <a href=#text-track-label>text track label</a> to <var title="">label</var>, its <a href=#text-track-language>text track language</a> to <var title="">language</var>, its
+ <a href=#text-track-readiness-state>text track readiness state</a> to the <a href=#text-track-loaded>text track loaded</a> state, its
+ <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> to the <a href=#text-track-hidden>text track hidden</a> mode, and its <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text
+ track list of cues</a> to an empty list.</p>
+
+ <p>Initially, the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a> is not associated with any <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering>rules
+ for updating the text track rendering</a>. When a <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> is added to it,
+ the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a> has its rules permanently set accordingly.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Add the new <a href=#text-track>text track</a> to the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text
+ tracks</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-media-addtrack><a href=#event-media-addtrack>addtrack</a></code>, that does not bubble and is not cancelable, and
+ that uses the <code><a href=#trackevent>TrackEvent</a></code> interface, with the <code title=dom-TrackEvent-track><a href=#dom-trackevent-track>track</a></code> attribute initialised to the new <a href=#text-track>text
+ track</a>'s <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object, at the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-textTracks><a href=#dom-media-texttracks>textTracks</a></code> attribute's <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code>
+ object.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return the new <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrack-kind title=dom-TextTrack-kind><code>kind</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ <a href=#text-track-kind>text track kind</a> of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object
+ represents.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrack-label title=dom-TextTrack-label><code>label</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ <a href=#text-track-label>text track label</a> of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code>
+ object represents.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrack-language title=dom-TextTrack-language><code>language</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ <a href=#text-track-language>text track language</a> of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code>
+ object represents.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrack-id title=dom-TextTrack-id><code>id</code></dfn> attribute returns the track's
+ identifier, if it has one, or the empty string otherwise. For tracks that correspond to
+ <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> elements, the track's identifier is the value of the element's <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute, if any. For in-band tracks, the track's identifier is
+ specified by the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>. If the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is in a format
+ that supports the <cite>Media Fragments URI</cite> fragment identifier syntax, the identifier
+ returned for a particular track must be the same identifier that would enable the track if used as
+ the name of a track in the track dimension of such a fragment identifier. <a href=#refsMEDIAFRAG>[MEDIAFRAG]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrack-inbandmetadatatrackdispatchtype title=dom-TextTrack-inBandMetadataTrackDispatchType><code>inBandMetadataTrackDispatchType</code></dfn>
+ attribute must return the <a href=#text-track-in-band-metadata-track-dispatch-type>text track in-band metadata track dispatch type</a> of the
+ <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object represents.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrack-mode title=dom-TextTrack-mode><code>mode</code></dfn> attribute, on getting, must return
+ the string corresponding to the <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that
+ the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object represents, as defined by the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>"<dfn id=dom-texttrack-disabled title=dom-TextTrack-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn>"</dt>
+ <dd>The <a href=#text-track-disabled>text track disabled</a> mode.</dd>
+ <dt>"<dfn id=dom-texttrack-hidden title=dom-TextTrack-hidden><code>hidden</code></dfn>"</dt>
+ <dd>The <a href=#text-track-hidden>text track hidden</a> mode.</dd>
+ <dt>"<dfn id=dom-texttrack-showing title=dom-TextTrack-showing><code>showing</code></dfn>"</dt>
+ <dd>The <a href=#text-track-showing>text track showing</a> mode.</dd>
+ </dl><p>On setting, if the new value isn't equal to what the attribute would currently return, the new
+ value must be processed as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the new value is "<code title=dom-TextTrack-disabled><a href=#dom-texttrack-disabled>disabled</a></code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that the
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object represents to the <a href=#text-track-disabled>text track disabled</a> mode.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the new value is "<code title=dom-TextTrack-hidden><a href=#dom-texttrack-hidden>hidden</a></code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that the
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object represents to the <a href=#text-track-hidden>text track hidden</a> mode.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the new value is "<code title=dom-TextTrack-showing><a href=#dom-texttrack-showing>showing</a></code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that the
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object represents to the <a href=#text-track-showing>text track showing</a> mode.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>If the <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that the
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object represents is not the <a href=#text-track-disabled>text track disabled</a> mode, then
+ the <dfn id=dom-texttrack-cues title=dom-TextTrack-cues><code>cues</code></dfn> attribute must return a
+ <a href=#live>live</a> <code><a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a></code> object that represents the subset of the
+ <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a> of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that the
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object represents whose <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time title="text track cue end time">end
+ times</a> occur at or after the <a href=#earliest-possible-position-when-the-script-started>earliest possible position when the script
+ started</a>, in <a href=#text-track-cue-order>text track cue order</a>. Otherwise, it must return null. When an
+ object is returned, the same object must be returned each time.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=earliest-possible-position-when-the-script-started>earliest possible position when the script started</dfn> is whatever the
+ <a href=#earliest-possible-position>earliest possible position</a> was the last time the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> reached step
+ 1.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#text-track-mode>text track mode</a> of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that the
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object represents is not the <a href=#text-track-disabled>text track disabled</a> mode, then
+ the <dfn id=dom-texttrack-activecues title=dom-TextTrack-activeCues><code>activeCues</code></dfn> attribute must return a
+ <a href=#live>live</a> <code><a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a></code> object that represents the subset of the
+ <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a> of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> that the
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object represents whose <a href=#active-flag-was-set-when-the-script-started>active flag was set when the script
+ started</a>, in <a href=#text-track-cue-order>text track cue order</a>. Otherwise, it must return null. When an
+ object is returned, the same object must be returned each time.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a>'s <dfn id=active-flag-was-set-when-the-script-started>active flag was set when the script started</dfn> if its
+ <a href=#text-track-cue-active-flag>text track cue active flag</a> was set the last time the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> reached
+ step 1.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrack-addcue title=dom-TextTrack-addCue><code>addCue(<var title="">cue</var>)</code></dfn> method
+ of <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> objects, when invoked, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a> does not yet have any associated <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering>rules
+ for updating the text track rendering</a>, then associate the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of
+ cues</a> with the <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering>rules for updating the text track rendering</a> appropriate to <var title="">cue</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a>' associated <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering>rules for updating the text
+ track rendering</a> are not the same <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering>rules for updating the text track rendering</a>
+ as appropriate for <var title="">cue</var>, then throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code>
+ exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If the given <var title="">cue</var> is in a <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a>, then
+ remove <var title="">cue</var> from that <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">cue</var> to the method's <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object's <a href=#text-track>text
+ track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrack-removecue title=dom-TextTrack-removeCue><code>removeCue(<var title="">cue</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method of <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> objects, when invoked, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the given <var title="">cue</var> is not currently listed in the method's
+ <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object's <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a>,
+ then throw a <code><a href=#notfounderror>NotFoundError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove <var title="">cue</var> from the method's <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object's
+ <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues>text track list of cues</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, an <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element is used to play a specific sound-effect from a
+ sound file containing many sound effects. A cue is used to pause the audio, so that it ends
+ exactly at the end of the clip, even if the browser is busy running some script. If the page had
+ relied on script to pause the audio, then the start of the next clip might be heard if the
+ browser was not able to run the script at the exact time specified.</p>
+
+ <pre>var sfx = new Audio('sfx.wav');
+var sounds = sfx.addTextTrack('metadata');
+
+// add sounds we care about
+function addFX(start, end, name) {
+ var cue = new VTTCue(start, end, '');
+ cue.id = name;
+ cue.pauseOnExit = true;
+ sounds.addCue(cue);
+}
+addFX(12.783, 13.612, 'dog bark');
+addFX(13.612, 15.091, 'kitten mew'))
+
+function playSound(id) {
+ sfx.currentTime = sounds.getCueById(id).startTime;
+ sfx.play();
+}
+
+// play a bark as soon as we can
+sfx.oncanplaythrough = function () {
+ playSound('dog bark');
+}
+// meow when the user tries to leave
+window.onbeforeunload = function () {
+ playSound('kitten mew');
+ return 'Are you sure you want to leave this awesome page?';
+}</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-texttrackcuelist-length title=dom-TextTrackCueList-length>length</a>;
+ getter <a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a> (unsigned long index);
+ <a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a>? <a href=#dom-texttrackcuelist-getcuebyid title=dom-TextTrackCueList-getCueById>getCueById</a>(DOMString id);
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">cuelist</var> . <code title=dom-TextTrackCueList-length><a href=#dom-texttrackcuelist-length>length</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the number of <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> in the list.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">cuelist</var>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> with index <var title="">index</var> in the list. The cues are sorted in <a href=#text-track-cue-order>text track cue order</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">cuelist</var> . <code title=dom-TextTrackCueList-getCueById><a href=#dom-texttrackcuelist-getcuebyid>getCueById</a></code>( <var title="">id</var> )</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the first <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> (in <a href=#text-track-cue-order>text track cue order</a>) with <a href=#text-track-cue-identifier>text track cue identifier</a> <var title="">id</var>.</p>
+ <p>Returns null if none of the cues have the given identifier or if the argument is the empty string.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a></code> object represents a dynamically updating list of <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">text track cues</a> in a given order.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrackcuelist-length title=dom-TextTrackCueList-length><code>length</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ the number of <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> in the list represented by the
+ <code><a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> of a <code><a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a></code> object at any
+ instant are the numbers from zero to the number of <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> in the
+ list represented by the <code><a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a></code> object minus one, if any. If there are no
+ <a href=#text-track-cue title="text track cue">cues</a> in the list, there are no <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property
+ indices</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>To <a href=#determine-the-value-of-an-indexed-property>determine the value of an indexed property</a> for a given index <var title="">index</var>, the user agent must return the <var title="">index</var>th <a href=#text-track-cue>text track
+ cue</a> in the list represented by the <code><a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrackcuelist-getcuebyid title=dom-TextTrackCueList-getCueById><code>getCueById(<var title="">id</var>)</code></dfn> method, when called with an argument other than the empty string,
+ must return the first <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> in the list represented by the
+ <code><a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a></code> object whose <a href=#text-track-cue-identifier>text track cue identifier</a> is <var title="">id</var>, if any, or null otherwise. If the argument is the empty string, then the method
+ must return null.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a>? <a href=#dom-texttrackcue-track title=dom-TextTrackCue-track>track</a>;
+
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-texttrackcue-id title=dom-TextTrackCue-id>id</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-texttrackcue-starttime title=dom-TextTrackCue-startTime>startTime</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-texttrackcue-endtime title=dom-TextTrackCue-endTime>endTime</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-texttrackcue-pauseonexit title=dom-TextTrackCue-pauseOnExit>pauseOnExit</a>;
+
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-texttrackcue-onenter title=handler-TextTrackCue-onenter>onenter</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-texttrackcue-onexit title=handler-TextTrackCue-onexit>onexit</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">cue</var> . <a href=#dom-texttrackcue-track title=dom-TextTrackCue-track>track</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object to which this
+ <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> belongs, if any, or null
+ otherwise.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">cue</var> . <a href=#dom-texttrackcue-id title=dom-TextTrackCue-id>id</a> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#text-track-cue-identifier>text track cue identifier</a>.</p>
+ <p>Can be set.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">cue</var> . <a href=#dom-texttrackcue-starttime title=dom-TextTrackCue-startTime>startTime</a> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track cue start time</a>, in seconds.</p>
+ <p>Can be set.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">cue</var> . <a href=#dom-texttrackcue-endtime title=dom-TextTrackCue-endTime>endTime</a> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time>text track cue end time</a>, in seconds.</p>
+ <p>Can be set.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">cue</var> . <a href=#dom-texttrackcue-pauseonexit title=dom-TextTrackCue-pauseOnExit>pauseOnExit</a> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns true if the <a href=#text-track-cue-pause-on-exit-flag>text track cue pause-on-exit flag</a> is set, false otherwise.</p>
+ <p>Can be set.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrackcue-track title=dom-TextTrackCue-track><code>track</code></dfn> attribute, on getting, must
+ return the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> object of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> in whose <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues title="text
+ track list of cues">list of cues</a> the <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> that the
+ <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> object represents finds itself, if any; or null otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrackcue-id title=dom-TextTrackCue-id><code>id</code></dfn> attribute, on getting, must return
+ the <a href=#text-track-cue-identifier>text track cue identifier</a> of the <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> that the
+ <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> object represents. On setting, the <a href=#text-track-cue-identifier>text track cue
+ identifier</a> must be set to the new value.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrackcue-starttime title=dom-TextTrackCue-startTime><code>startTime</code></dfn> attribute, on getting,
+ must return the <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track cue start time</a> of the <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> that the
+ <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> object represents, in seconds. On setting, the <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track cue
+ start time</a> must be set to the new value, interpreted in seconds; then, if the
+ <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> object's <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> is in a <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s
+ <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues title="text track list of cues">list of cues</a>, and that <a href=#text-track>text track</a> is in
+ a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>, and the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>'s <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> is not set, then run the <i><a href=#time-marches-on>time marches on</a></i>
+ steps for that <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrackcue-endtime title=dom-TextTrackCue-endTime><code>endTime</code></dfn> attribute, on getting,
+ must return the <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time>text track cue end time</a> of the <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> that the
+ <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> object represents, in seconds. On setting, the <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time>text track cue end
+ time</a> must be set to the new value, interpreted in seconds; then, if the
+ <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> object's <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> is in a <a href=#text-track>text track</a>'s
+ <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues title="text track list of cues">list of cues</a>, and that <a href=#text-track>text track</a> is in
+ a <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>, and the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>'s <a href=#show-poster-flag>show poster flag</a> is not set, then run the <i><a href=#time-marches-on>time marches on</a></i>
+ steps for that <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-texttrackcue-pauseonexit title=dom-TextTrackCue-pauseOnExit><code>pauseOnExit</code></dfn> attribute, on
+ getting, must return true if the <a href=#text-track-cue-pause-on-exit-flag>text track cue pause-on-exit flag</a> of the <a href=#text-track-cue>text
+ track cue</a> that the <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> object represents is set; or false otherwise.
+ On setting, the <a href=#text-track-cue-pause-on-exit-flag>text track cue pause-on-exit flag</a> must be set if the new value is
+ true, and must be unset otherwise.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=text-tracks-describing-chapters><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.6 </span>Text tracks describing chapters</h6>
+
+ <p>Chapters are segments of a <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> with a given title. Chapters can be
+ nested, in the same way that sections in a document outline can have subsections.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> in a <a href=#text-track>text track</a> being used for describing
+ chapters has three key features: the <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track cue start time</a>, giving the start time
+ of the chapter, the <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time>text track cue end time</a>, giving the end time of the chapter, and
+ the <a href=#text-track-cue-data>text track cue data</a> giving the chapter title.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=rules-for-constructing-the-chapter-tree-from-a-text-track>rules for constructing the chapter tree from a text track</dfn> are as follows. They
+ produce a potentially nested list of chapters, each of which have a start time, end time, title,
+ and a list of nested chapters. This algorithm discards cues that do not correctly nest within each
+ other, or that are out of order.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">list</var> be a copy of the <a href=#text-track-list-of-cues title="text track list of cues">list
+ of cues</a> of the <a href=#text-track>text track</a> being processed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove from <var title="">list</var> any <a href=#text-track-cue>text track cue</a> whose <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time>text
+ track cue end time</a> is before its <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track cue start time</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be an empty list of chapters, where a chapter is a record
+ consisting of a start time, an end time, a title, and a (potentially empty) list of nested
+ chapters. For the purpose of this algorithm, each chapter also has a parent chapter.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current chapter</var> be a stand-in chapter whose start time is negative
+ infinity, whose end time is positive infinity, and whose list of nested chapters is <var title="">output</var>. (This is just used to make the algorithm easier to describe.)</li>
+
+ <!-- while not empty... -->
+ <li><p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">list</var> is empty, jump to the step labeled
+ <i>end</i>.</li>
+
+ <!-- do... -->
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current cue</var> be the first cue in <var title="">list</var>, and then
+ remove it from <var title="">list</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">current cue</var>'s <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track cue start time</a> is less than
+ the start time of <var title="">current chapter</var>, then return to the step labeled
+ <i>loop</i>.</p> <!-- out of order chapter -->
+
+ <li><p>While <var title="">current cue</var>'s <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track cue start time</a> is greater
+ than or equal to <var title="">current chapter</var>'s end time, let <var title="">current
+ chapter</var> be <var title="">current chapter</var>'s parent chapter.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">current cue</var>'s <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time>text track cue end time</a> is greater than
+ the end time of <var title="">current chapter</var>, then return to the step labeled
+ <i>loop</i>.</p> <!-- misnested chapter -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Create a new chapter <var title="">new chapter</var>, whose start time is <var title="">current cue</var>'s <a href=#text-track-cue-start-time>text track cue start time</a>, whose end time is <var title="">current cue</var>'s <a href=#text-track-cue-end-time>text track cue end time</a>, whose title is <var title="">current cue</var>'s <a href=#text-track-cue-data>text track cue data</a> interpreted according to its
+ <a href=#rules-for-rendering-the-cue-in-isolation>rules for rendering the cue in isolation</a>, and whose list of nested chapters is
+ empty.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For WebVTT, the <a href=#rules-for-rendering-the-cue-in-isolation>rules for rendering the cue in isolation</a> are the
+ <a href=#rules-for-interpreting-webvtt-cue-text>rules for interpreting WebVTT cue text</a>. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Append <var title="">new chapter</var> to <var title="">current chapter</var>'s list of
+ nested chapters, and let <var title="">current chapter</var> be <var title="">new chapter</var>'s
+ parent.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current chapter</var> be <var title="">new chapter</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+ <!-- ...end while -->
+
+ <li><p><i>End</i>: Return <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following snippet of a <a href=#webvtt-file>WebVTT file</a> shows how nested chapters can be marked
+ up. The file describes three 50-minute chapters, "Astrophysics", "Computational Physics", and
+ "General Relativity". The first has three subchapters, the second has four, and the third has
+ two. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+
+ <pre>WEBVTT
+
+00:00:00.000 --&gt; 00:50:00.000
+Astrophysics
+
+00:00:00.000 --&gt; 00:10:00.000
+Introduction to Astrophysics
+
+00:10:00.000 --&gt; 00:45:00.000
+The Solar System
+
+00:00:00.000 --&gt; 00:10:00.000
+Coursework Description
+
+00:50:00.000 --&gt; 01:40:00.000
+Computational Physics
+
+00:50:00.000 --&gt; 00:55:00.000
+Introduction to Programming
+
+00:55:00.000 --&gt; 01:30:00.000
+Data Structures
+
+01:30:00.000 --&gt; 01:35:00.000
+Answers to Last Exam
+
+01:35:00.000 --&gt; 01:40:00.000
+Coursework Description
+
+01:40:00.000 --&gt; 02:30:00.000
+General Relativity
+
+01:40:00.000 --&gt; 02:00:00.000
+Tensor Algebra
+
+02:00:00.000 --&gt; 02:30:00.000
+The General Relativistic Field Equations</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h6 id=cue-events><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.7 </span>Event handlers for objects of the text track APIs</h6>
+
+ <p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> that (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event handler event type">event handler event types</a>) must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL
+ attributes</a>, by all objects implementing the <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-texttracklist-onchange title=handler-TextTrackList-onchange><code>onchange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-change><a href=#event-media-change>change</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-texttracklist-onaddtrack title=handler-TextTrackList-onaddtrack><code>onaddtrack</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-addtrack><a href=#event-media-addtrack>addtrack</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-texttracklist-onremovetrack title=handler-TextTrackList-onremovetrack><code>onremovetrack</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-removetrack><a href=#event-media-removetrack>removetrack</a></code>
+ </table><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> that (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event handler event type">event handler event types</a>) must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL
+ attributes</a>, by all objects implementing the <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-texttrack-oncuechange title=handler-TextTrack-oncuechange><code>oncuechange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-cuechange><a href=#event-media-cuechange>cuechange</a></code>
+ </table><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> that (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event handler event type">event handler event types</a>) must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL
+ attributes</a>, by all objects implementing the <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-texttrackcue-onenter title=handler-TextTrackCue-onenter><code>onenter</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-enter><a href=#event-media-enter>enter</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-texttrackcue-onexit title=handler-TextTrackCue-onexit><code>onexit</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-exit><a href=#event-media-exit>exit</a></code>
+ </table></div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=best-practices-for-metadata-text-tracks><span class=secno>4.7.10.12.8 </span>Best practices for metadata text tracks</h6>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Text tracks can be used for storing data relating to the media data, for interactive or
+ augmented views.</p>
+
+ <p>For example, a page showing a sports broadcast could include information about the current
+ score. Suppose a robotics competition was being streamed live. The image could be overlayed with
+ the scores, as follows:</p>
+
+ <p><iframe src='data:text/html;charset=utf-8,<!DOCTYPE%20html>%0A<style>%0A%20body%2C%20html%20%7B%20margin%3A%200%3B%20padding%3A%200%3B%20overflow%3A%20hidden%3B%20%7D%0A%20div%20%7B%20width%3A%20600px%3B%20height%3A%20400px%3B%20position%3A%20relative%3B%20%7D%0A%20p%20%7B%20position%3A%20absolute%3B%20top%3A%200%3B%20margin%3A%200.25em%3B%20font%3A%20small-caps%20900%202em%20sans-serif%3B%20text-shadow%3A%20white%200%200%204px%3B%20%7D%0A%20span%20%7B%20display%3A%20block%3B%20%7D%0A%20.left%20%7B%20color%3A%20red%3B%20left%3A%200%3B%20text-align%3A%20left%3B%20%7D%0A%20.right%20%7B%20color%3A%20blue%3B%20right%3A%200%3B%20text-align%3A%20right%3B%20%7D%0A%20.middle%20%7B%20color%3A%20white%3B%20top%3A%20auto%3B%20bottom%3A%200%3B%20left%3A%200%3B%20right%3A%200%3B%20text-align%3A%20center%3B%20text-shadow%3A%20black%200%200%204px%3B%20%7D%0A%20.middle%20span%20%7B%20display%3A%20inline-block%3B%20margin%3A%200%201em%3B%20font-size%3A%200.75em%3B%20text-transform%3A%20uppercase%3B%20%7D%0A<%2Fstyle>%0A<div>%0A%20<img%20src%3D"http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatwg.org%2Fspecs%2Fweb-apps%2Fcurrent-work%2Fimages%2Frobots.jpeg">%0A%20<p%20class%3D"score%20left"><span>Red%20Alliance<%2Fspan>%20<span>78<%2Fspan><%2Fp>%0A%20<p%20class%3D"score%20right"><span>Blue%20Alliance<%2Fspan>%20<span>66<%2Fspan><%2Fp>%0A%20<p%20class%3D"score%20middle"><span>Qual%20Match%2037<%2Fspan>%20<span>Friday%2014%3A21<%2Fspan>%0A<%2Fdiv>' width=600 height=400></iframe>
+
+ <p>In order to make the score display render correctly whenever the user seeks to an arbitrary
+ point in the video, the metadata text track cues need to be as long as is appropriate for the
+ score. For example, in the frame above, there would be maybe one cue that lasts the length of the
+ match that gives the match number, one cue that lasts until the blue alliance's score changes, and
+ one cue that lasts until the red alliance's score changes. If the video is just a stream of the
+ live event, the time in the bottom right would presumably be automatically derived from the
+ current video time, rather than based on a cue. However, if the video was just the highlights,
+ then that might be given in cues also.</p>
+
+ <p>The following shows what fragments of this could look like in a WebVTT file:</p>
+
+ <pre>WEBVTT
+
+...
+
+05:10:00.000 --&gt; 05:12:15.000
+matchtype:qual
+matchnumber:37
+
+...
+
+05:11:02.251 --&gt; 05:11:17.198
+red:78
+
+05:11:03.672 --&gt; 05:11:54.198
+blue:66
+
+05:11:17.198 --&gt; 05:11:25.912
+red:80
+
+05:11:25.912 --&gt; 05:11:26.522
+red:83
+
+05:11:26.522 --&gt; 05:11:26.982
+red:86
+
+05:11:26.982 --&gt; 05:11:27.499
+red:89
+
+...</pre>
+
+ <p>The key here is to notice that the information is given in cues that span the length of time to
+ which the relevant event applies. If, instead, the scores were given as zero-length (or very
+ brief, nearly zero-length) cues when the score changes, for example saying "red+2" at
+ 05:11:17.198, "red+3" at 05:11:25.912, etc, problems arise: primarily, seeking is much harder to
+ implement, as the script has to walk the entire list of cues to make sure that no notifications
+ have been missed; but also, if the cues are short it's possible the script will never see that
+ they are active unless it listens to them specifically.</p>
+
+ <p>When using cues in this manner, authors are encouraged to use the <code title=event-media-cuechange><a href=#event-media-cuechange>cuechange</a></code> event to update the current annotations. (In
+ particular, using the <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> event would be less
+ appropriate as it would require doing work even when the cues haven't changed, and, more
+ importantly, would introduce a higher latency between when the metatata cues become active and
+ when the display is updated, since <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> events
+ are rate-limited.)</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=user-interface><span class=secno>4.7.10.13 </span>User interface</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-media-controls title=attr-media-controls><code>controls</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. If present, it indicates that the author has not provided a scripted controller
+ and would like the user agent to provide its own set of controls.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the attribute is present, or if <a href=#concept-n-noscript title=concept-n-noscript>scripting is
+ disabled</a> for the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, then the user agent should <dfn id=expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user>expose a user
+ interface to the user</dfn>. This user interface should include features to begin playback, pause
+ playback, seek to an arbitrary position in the content (if the content supports arbitrary
+ seeking), change the volume, change the display of closed captions or embedded sign-language
+ tracks, select different audio tracks or turn on audio descriptions, and show the media content in
+ manners more suitable to the user (e.g. full-screen video or in an independent resizable window).
+ Other controls may also be made available.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, then the user
+ agent should expose audio tracks from all the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> (although
+ avoiding duplicates if the same <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> is being used several times). If a
+ <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>'s audio track exposed in this way has no known name, and it is the
+ only audio track for a particular <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, the user agent should use the
+ element's <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute, if any, as the name (or as part of the
+ name) of that track.</p>
+
+ <p>Even when the attribute is absent, however, user agents may provide controls to affect playback
+ of the media resource (e.g. play, pause, seeking, and volume controls), but such features should
+ not interfere with the page's normal rendering. For example, such features could be exposed in the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s context menu. The user agent may implement this simply by <a href=#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user title="expose a user interface to the user">exposing a user interface to the user</a> as
+ described above (as if the <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> attribute was
+ present).</p>
+
+ <p>If the user agent <a href=#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user title="expose a user interface to the user">exposes a user interface to
+ the user</a> by displaying controls over the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, then the user agent
+ should suppress any user interaction events while the user agent is interacting with this
+ interface. (For example, if the user clicks on a video's playback control, <code title=event-mousedown><a href=#event-mousedown>mousedown</a></code> events and so forth would not simultaneously be fired at
+ elements on the page.)</p>
+
+ <p>Where possible (specifically, for starting, stopping, pausing, and unpausing playback, for
+ seeking, for changing the rate of playback, for fast-forwarding or rewinding, for listing,
+ enabling, and disabling text tracks, and for muting or changing the volume of the audio), user
+ interface features exposed by the user agent must be implemented in terms of the DOM API described
+ above, so that, e.g., all the same events fire.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, the user agent's
+ user interface for pausing and unpausing playback, for seeking, for changing the rate of playback,
+ for fast-forwarding or rewinding, and for muting or changing the volume of audio of the entire
+ group must be implemented in terms of the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> API exposed on that
+ <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>. When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a>, and all the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> of that
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> are paused, the user agent should also unpause all the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved
+ media elements</a> when the user invokes a user agent interface control for beginning
+ playback.</p>
+
+ <p>The "play" function in the user agent's interface must set the <code title="">playbackRate</code> attribute to the value of the <code title="">defaultPlaybackRate</code> attribute before invoking the <code title="">play()</code>
+ method. When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, the
+ attributes and method with those names on that <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object must be used.
+ Otherwise, the attributes and method with those names on the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> itself
+ must be used. </p>
+
+ <p>Features such as fast-forward or rewind must be implemented by only changing the <code title="">playbackRate</code> attribute (and not the <code title="">defaultPlaybackRate</code>
+ attribute). Again, when a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>,
+ the attributes with those names on that <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object must be used;
+ otherwise, the attributes with those names on the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> itself must be used.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, seeking must be
+ implemented in terms of the <code title=dom-MediaController-currentTime><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-currenttime>currentTime</a></code>
+ attribute on that <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object. Otherwise, the user agent must directly
+ <a href=#dom-media-seek title=dom-media-seek>seek</a> to the requested position in the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>'s <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a>. For media resources where seeking to an arbitrary
+ position would be slow, user agents are encouraged to use the <i>approximate-for-speed</i> flag
+ when seeking in response to the user manipulating an approximate position interface such as a seek
+ bar.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, user agents may
+ additionally provide the user with controls that directly manipulate an individual <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a> without affecting the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>, but such features are
+ considered relatively advanced and unlikely to be useful to most users.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> of a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> that is <a href=#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user title="expose a user interface to the user">exposing a user interface to the user</a> must be
+ to run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, and that
+ <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> is a <a href=#restrained-media-controller>restrained media controller</a>, then invoke
+ the <code title=dom-MediaController-play><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-play>play()</a></code> method of the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>,
+ and that <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> is a <a href=#paused-media-controller>paused media controller</a>, then
+ invoke the <code title=dom-MediaController-unpause><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-unpause>unpause()</a></code> method of the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>,
+ then that <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> is a <a href=#playing-media-controller>playing media controller</a>;
+ invoke the <code title=dom-MediaController-pause><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-pause>pause()</a></code> method of the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has no <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>; if
+ the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute is true,
+ then invoke the <code title=dom-media-play><a href=#dom-media-play>play()</a></code> method on the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has no <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>,
+ and the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> attribute is
+ false; invoke the <code title=dom-media-pause><a href=#dom-media-pause>pause()</a></code> method on the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>For the purposes of listing chapters in the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, only <a href=#text-track title="text
+ track">text tracks</a> in the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a>
+ that are <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track showing">showing</a> and whose <a href=#text-track-kind>text track kind</a> is
+ <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-chapters><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-chapters>chapters</a></code> should be used. Such tracks must be
+ interpreted according to the <a href=#rules-for-constructing-the-chapter-tree-from-a-text-track>rules for constructing the chapter tree from a text
+ track</a>. When seeking in response to a user maniplating a chapter selection interface, user
+ agents should not use the <i>approximate-for-speed</i> flag.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-controls title=dom-media-controls><code>controls</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr></div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-volume><a href=#dom-media-volume>volume</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current playback volume, as a number in the range 0.0 to 1.0, where 0.0 is the
+ quietest and 1.0 the loudest.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the volume.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception if the new value is not in the range 0.0 .. 1.0.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-media-muted><a href=#dom-media-muted>muted</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if audio is muted, overriding the <code title=dom-media-volume><a href=#dom-media-volume>volume</a></code>
+ attribute, and false if the <code title=dom-media-volume><a href=#dom-media-volume>volume</a></code> attribute is being
+ honored.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change whether the audio is muted or not.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-element>media element</a> has a <dfn id=concept-media-volume title=concept-media-volume>playback volume</dfn>, which is a fraction in the range 0.0 (silent) to 1.0 (loudest).
+ Initially, the volume should be 1.0, but user agents may remember the last set value across
+ sessions, on a per-site basis or otherwise, so the volume may start at other values.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-volume title=dom-media-volume><code>volume</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the
+ <a href=#concept-media-volume title=concept-media-volume>playback volume</a> of any audio portions of the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>. On setting, if the new value is in the range 0.0 to 1.0 inclusive, the
+ <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <a href=#concept-media-volume title=concept-media-volume>playback volume</a> must be
+ set to the new value. If the new value is outside the range 0.0 to 1.0 inclusive, then, on
+ setting, an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception must be thrown instead.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#media-element>media element</a> can also be <dfn id=concept-media-muted title=concept-media-muted>muted</dfn>. If
+ anything is muting the element, then it is muted. (For example, when the <a href=#direction-of-playback>direction of
+ playback</a> is backwards, the element is muted.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-muted title=dom-media-muted><code>muted</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the value
+ to which it was last set. When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> is created, if the element has a <code title=attr-media-muted><a href=#attr-media-muted>muted</a></code> content attribute specified, then the <code title=dom-media-muted><a href=#dom-media-muted>muted</a></code> IDL attribute should be set to true; otherwise, the user
+ agents may set the value to the user's preferred value (e.g. remembering the last set value across
+ sessions, on a per-site basis or otherwise). While the <code title=dom-media-muted><a href=#dom-media-muted>muted</a></code>
+ IDL attribute is set to true, the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> must be <a href=#concept-media-muted title=concept-media-muted>muted</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever either of the values that would be returned by the <code title=dom-media-volume><a href=#dom-media-volume>volume</a></code> and <code title=dom-media-muted><a href=#dom-media-muted>muted</a></code> IDL
+ attributes change, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-media-volumechange><a href=#event-media-volumechange>volumechange</a></code> at the <a href=#media-element>media
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>An element's <dfn id=effective-media-volume>effective media volume</dfn> is determined as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the user has indicated that the user agent is to override the volume of the element,
+ then the element's <a href=#effective-media-volume>effective media volume</a> is the volume desired by the user. Abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element's audio output is <a href=#concept-media-muted title=concept-media-muted>muted</a>, the
+ element's <a href=#effective-media-volume>effective media volume</a> is zero. Abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a> and that
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object's <a href=#media-controller-mute-override>media controller mute override</a> is true, the
+ element's <a href=#effective-media-volume>effective media volume</a> is zero. Abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">volume</var> be the <a href=#concept-media-volume title=concept-media-volume>playback
+ volume</a> of the audio portions of the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, in range 0.0 (silent) to
+ 1.0 (loudest).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element has a <a href=#current-media-controller>current media controller</a>, multiply <var title="">volume</var> by that <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> object's <a href=#media-controller-volume-multiplier>media controller
+ volume multiplier</a>. (The <a href=#media-controller-volume-multiplier>media controller volume multiplier</a> is in the range
+ 0.0 to 1.0, so this can only reduce the value.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>The element's <a href=#effective-media-volume>effective media volume</a> is <var title="">volume</var>,
+ interpreted relative to the range 0.0 to 1.0, with 0.0 being silent, and 1.0 being the loudest
+ setting, values in between increasing in loudness. The range need not be linear. The loudest
+ setting may be lower than the system's loudest possible setting; for example the user could have
+ set a maximum volume.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-media-muted title=attr-media-muted><code>muted</code></dfn> content attribute on <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a> that controls the
+ default state of the audio output of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>, potentially overriding user
+ preferences.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-media-defaultmuted title=dom-media-defaultMuted><code>defaultMuted</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-media-muted><a href=#attr-media-muted>muted</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>This attribute has no dynamic effect (it only controls the default state of the
+ element).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This video (an advertisement) autoplays, but to avoid annoying users, it does so without
+ sound, and allows the user to turn the sound on.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;video src="adverts.cgi?kind=video" controls autoplay loop muted&gt;&lt;/video&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=time-ranges><span class=secno>4.7.10.14 </span>Time ranges</h5>
+
+ <p>Objects implementing the <code><a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a></code> interface
+ represent a list of ranges (periods) of time.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=timeranges>TimeRanges</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-timeranges-length title=dom-TimeRanges-length>length</a>;
+ double <a href=#dom-timeranges-start title=dom-TimeRanges-start>start</a>(unsigned long index);
+ double <a href=#dom-timeranges-end title=dom-TimeRanges-end>end</a>(unsigned long index);
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-TimeRanges-length><a href=#dom-timeranges-length>length</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the number of ranges in the object.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">time</var> = <var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-TimeRanges-start><a href=#dom-timeranges-start>start</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the time for the start of the range with the given index.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception if the index is out of range.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">time</var> = <var title="">media</var> . <code title=dom-TimeRanges-end><a href=#dom-timeranges-end>end</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the time for the end of the range with the given index.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception if the index is out of range.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-timeranges-length title=dom-TimeRanges-length><code>length</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the
+ number of ranges represented by the object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-timeranges-start title=dom-TimeRanges-start><code>start(<var title="">index</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method must return the position of the start of the <var title="">index</var>th range represented
+ by the object, in seconds measured from the start of the timeline that the object covers.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-timeranges-end title=dom-TimeRanges-end><code>end(<var title="">index</var>)</code></dfn> method
+ must return the position of the end of the <var title="">index</var>th range represented by the
+ object, in seconds measured from the start of the timeline that the object covers.</p>
+
+ <p>These methods must throw <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exceptions if called with an <var title="">index</var> argument greater than or equal to the number of ranges represented by the
+ object.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a></code> object is said to be a <dfn id=normalised-timeranges-object>normalised <code>TimeRanges</code>
+ object</dfn>, the ranges it represents must obey the following criteria:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The start of a range must be greater than the end of all earlier ranges.</li>
+
+ <li>The start of a range must be less than the end of that same range.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>In other words, the ranges in such an object are ordered, don't overlap, aren't empty, and
+ don't touch (adjacent ranges are folded into one bigger range).</p>
+
+ <p>Ranges in a <code><a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a></code> object must be inclusive.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Thus, the end of a range would be equal to the start of a following adjacent
+ (touching but not overlapping) range. Similarly, a range covering a whole timeline anchored at
+ zero would have a start equal to zero and an end equal to the duration of the timeline.</p>
+
+ <p>The timelines used by the objects returned by the <code title=dom-media-buffered><a href=#dom-media-buffered>buffered</a></code>, <code title=dom-media-seekable><a href=#dom-media-seekable>seekable</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-media-played><a href=#dom-media-played>played</a></code> IDL attributes of <a href=#media-element title="media element">media
+ elements</a> must be that element's <a href=#media-timeline>media timeline</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-trackevent-interface><span class=secno>4.7.10.15 </span>The <code><a href=#trackevent>TrackEvent</a></code> interface</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Constructor(DOMString type, optional <a href=#trackeventinit>TrackEventInit</a> eventInitDict)]
+interface <dfn id=trackevent>TrackEvent</dfn> : <a href=#event>Event</a> {
+ readonly attribute (<a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a> or <a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a> or <a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a>) <a href=#dom-trackevent-track title=dom-TrackEvent-track>track</a>;
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=trackeventinit>TrackEventInit</dfn> : <a href=#eventinit>EventInit</a> {
+ (<a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a> or <a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a> or <a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a>) track;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-TrackEvent-track><a href=#dom-trackevent-track>track</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the track object (<code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code>, <code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code>) to which the event relates.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-trackevent-track title=dom-TrackEvent-track><code>track</code></dfn> attribute must return the value
+ it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to null. It
+ represents the context information for the event.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=mediaevents><span class=secno>4.7.10.16 </span>Event summary</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The following events fire on <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> as part of the
+ processing model described above:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Event name
+ <th>Interface
+ <th>Fired when...
+ <th>Preconditions
+
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=event-media-loadstart title=event-media-loadstart><code>loadstart</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The user agent begins looking for <a href=#media-data>media data</a>, as part of the <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection algorithm</a>.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> equals <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_LOADING><a href=#dom-media-network_loading>NETWORK_LOADING</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-progress title=event-media-progress><code>progress</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The user agent is fetching <a href=#media-data>media data</a>.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> equals <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_LOADING><a href=#dom-media-network_loading>NETWORK_LOADING</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-suspend title=event-media-suspend><code>suspend</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The user agent is intentionally not currently fetching <a href=#media-data>media data</a>.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> equals <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE><a href=#dom-media-network_idle>NETWORK_IDLE</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-abort title=event-media-abort><code>abort</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The user agent stops fetching the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> before it is completely
+ downloaded, but not due to an error.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-error><a href=#dom-media-error>error</a></code> is an object with the code <code title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_ABORTED><a href=#dom-mediaerror-media_err_aborted>MEDIA_ERR_ABORTED</a></code>. <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> equals either <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code> or <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE><a href=#dom-media-network_idle>NETWORK_IDLE</a></code>, depending on when the download was aborted.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-error title=event-media-error><code>error</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>An error occurs while fetching the <a href=#media-data>media data</a>.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-error><a href=#dom-media-error>error</a></code> is an object with the code <code title=dom-MediaError-MEDIA_ERR_NETWORK><a href=#dom-mediaerror-media_err_network>MEDIA_ERR_NETWORK</a></code> or higher. <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> equals either <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code> or <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_IDLE><a href=#dom-media-network_idle>NETWORK_IDLE</a></code>, depending on when the download was aborted.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-emptied title=event-media-emptied><code>emptied</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>A <a href=#media-element>media element</a> whose <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code>
+ was previously not in the <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code> state has
+ just switched to that state (either because of a fatal error during load that's about to be
+ reported, or because the <code title=dom-media-load><a href=#dom-media-load>load()</a></code> method was invoked while
+ the <a href=#concept-media-load-algorithm title=concept-media-load-algorithm>resource selection algorithm</a> was already
+ running).
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> is <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code>; all the IDL attributes are in their
+ initial states.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-stalled title=event-media-stalled><code>stalled</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The user agent is trying to fetch <a href=#media-data>media data</a>, but data is unexpectedly not
+ forthcoming.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> is <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_LOADING><a href=#dom-media-network_loading>NETWORK_LOADING</a></code>.
+
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=event-media-loadedmetadata title=event-media-loadedmetadata><code>loadedmetadata</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The user agent has just determined the duration and dimensions of the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a> and <a href=#the-text-tracks-are-ready>the text tracks are ready</a>.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> is newly equal to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code> or greater for the first time.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-loadeddata title=event-media-loadeddata><code>loadeddata</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The user agent can render the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> at the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback
+ position</a> for the first time.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> newly increased to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code> or greater for the first time.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-canplay title=event-media-canplay><code>canplay</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The user agent can resume playback of the <a href=#media-data>media data</a>, but estimates that if
+ playback were to be started now, the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> could not be rendered at the
+ current playback rate up to its end without having to stop for further buffering of content.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> newly increased to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code> or greater.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-canplaythrough title=event-media-canplaythrough><code>canplaythrough</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The user agent estimates that if playback were to be started now, the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a> could be rendered at the current playback rate all the way to its end without
+ having to stop for further buffering.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> is newly equal to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_enough_data>HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA</a></code>.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-playing title=event-media-playing><code>playing</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>Playback is ready to start after having been paused or delayed due to lack of <a href=#media-data>media
+ data</a>.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> is newly equal to or greater than
+ <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code> and <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> is false, or <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> is newly false and <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> is equal to or greater than <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code>. Even if this event fires, the
+ element might still not be <a href=#potentially-playing>potentially playing</a>, e.g. if the element is
+ <a href=#blocked-on-its-media-controller>blocked on its media controller</a> (e.g. because the <a href=#current-media-controller>current media
+ controller</a> is paused, or another <a href=#slaved-media-elements title="slaved media elements">slaved media
+ element</a> is stalled somehow, or because the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> has no data
+ corresponding to the <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller position</a>), or the element is <a href=#paused-for-user-interaction>paused
+ for user interaction</a> or <a href=#paused-for-in-band-content>paused for in-band content</a>.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-waiting title=event-media-waiting><code>waiting</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>Playback has stopped because the next frame is not available, but the user agent expects
+ that frame to become available in due course.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> is equal to or less than <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code>, and <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> is false. Either <code title=dom-media-seeking><a href=#dom-media-seeking>seeking</a></code> is true, or the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>
+ is not contained in any of the ranges in <code title=dom-media-buffered><a href=#dom-media-buffered>buffered</a></code>. It
+ is possible for playback to stop for other reasons without <code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> being false, but those reasons do not fire this event
+ (and when those situations resolve, a separate <code title=event-media-playing><a href=#event-media-playing>playing</a></code>
+ event is not fired either): e.g. the element is newly <a href=#blocked-on-its-media-controller>blocked on its media
+ controller</a>, or <a href=#ended-playback title="ended playback">playback ended</a>, or playback
+ <a href=#stopped-due-to-errors>stopped due to errors</a>, or the element has <a href=#paused-for-user-interaction>paused for user interaction</a>
+ or <a href=#paused-for-in-band-content>paused for in-band content</a>.
+
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=event-media-seeking title=event-media-seeking><code>seeking</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The <code title=dom-media-seeking><a href=#dom-media-seeking>seeking</a></code> IDL attribute changed to true, and the user agent has started seeking to a new position.
+
+ <td>
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-seeked title=event-media-seeked><code>seeked</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The <code title=dom-media-seeking><a href=#dom-media-seeking>seeking</a></code> IDL attribute changed to false after the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> was changed.
+
+ <td>
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-ended title=event-media-ended><code>ended</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>Playback has stopped because the end of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> was reached.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-currentTime><a href=#dom-media-currenttime>currentTime</a></code> equals the end of the <a href=#media-resource>media
+ resource</a>; <code title=dom-media-ended><a href=#dom-media-ended>ended</a></code> is true.
+
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=event-media-durationchange title=event-media-durationchange><code>durationchange</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The <code title=dom-media-duration><a href=#dom-media-duration>duration</a></code> attribute has just been updated.
+
+ <td>
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-timeupdate title=event-media-timeupdate><code>timeupdate</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> changed as part of normal playback or in an especially interesting way, for example discontinuously.
+
+ <td>
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-play title=event-media-play><code>play</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The element is no longer paused. Fired after the <code title=dom-media-play><a href=#dom-media-play>play()</a></code>
+ method has returned, or when the <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code> attribute
+ has caused playback to begin.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> is newly false.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-pause title=event-media-pause><code>pause</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The element has been paused. Fired after the <code title=dom-media-pause><a href=#dom-media-pause>pause()</a></code>
+ method has returned.
+
+ <td><code title=dom-media-paused><a href=#dom-media-paused>paused</a></code> is newly true.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-ratechange title=event-media-ratechange><code>ratechange</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>Either the <code title=dom-media-defaultPlaybackRate><a href=#dom-media-defaultplaybackrate>defaultPlaybackRate</a></code> or the
+ <code title=dom-media-playbackRate><a href=#dom-media-playbackrate>playbackRate</a></code> attribute has just been updated.
+
+ <td>
+
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=event-media-resize title=event-media-resize><code>resize</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>One or both of the <code title=dom-video-videoWidth><a href=#dom-video-videowidth>videoWidth</a></code> and <code title=dom-video-videoHeight><a href=#dom-video-videoheight>videoHeight</a></code> attributes have just been updated.
+
+ <td><a href=#media-element>Media element</a> is a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element; <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> is not <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-volumechange title=event-media-volumechange><code>volumechange</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>Either the <code title=dom-media-volume><a href=#dom-media-volume>volume</a></code> attribute or the <code title=dom-media-muted><a href=#dom-media-muted>muted</a></code> attribute has changed. Fired after the relevant
+ attribute's setter has returned.
+
+ <td>
+
+ </table><p>The following events fire on <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> objects:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Event name
+
+ <th>Interface
+
+ <th>Fired when...
+
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-emptied title=event-MediaController-emptied><code>emptied</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>All the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> newly have <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> set to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code> or greater, or there are no longer any
+ <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a>.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-loadedmetadata title=event-MediaController-loadedmetadata><code>loadedmetadata</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>All the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> newly have <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> set to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code> or greater.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-loadeddata title=event-MediaController-loadeddata><code>loadeddata</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>All the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> newly have <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> set to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_CURRENT_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_current_data>HAVE_CURRENT_DATA</a></code> or greater.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-canplay title=event-MediaController-canplay><code>canplay</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>All the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> newly have <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> set to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_FUTURE_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_future_data>HAVE_FUTURE_DATA</a></code> or greater.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-canplaythrough title=event-MediaController-canplaythrough><code>canplaythrough</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>All the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> newly have <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> set to <code title=dom-media-HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA><a href=#dom-media-have_enough_data>HAVE_ENOUGH_DATA</a></code> or greater.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-playing title=event-MediaController-playing><code>playing</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is no longer a <a href=#blocked-media-controller>blocked media controller</a>.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-waiting title=event-MediaController-waiting><code>waiting</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> is now a <a href=#blocked-media-controller>blocked media controller</a>.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-ended title=event-MediaController-ended><code>ended</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>All the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a> have newly <a href=#ended-playback>ended playback</a>; the
+ <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code> has reached the end of all the <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a>.
+
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-durationchange title=event-MediaController-durationchange><code>durationchange</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The <code title=dom-MediaController-duration><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-duration>duration</a></code> attribute has just been
+ updated.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-timeupdate title=event-MediaController-timeupdate><code>timeupdate</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The <a href=#media-controller-position>media controller position</a> changed.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-play title=event-MediaController-play><code>play</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The <code title=dom-MediaController-paused><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-paused>paused</a></code> attribute is newly false.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-pause title=event-MediaController-pause><code>pause</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The <code title=dom-MediaController-paused><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-paused>paused</a></code> attribute is newly true.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-ratechange title=event-MediaController-ratechange><code>ratechange</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>Either the <code title=dom-MediaController-defaultPlaybackRate><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-defaultplaybackrate>defaultPlaybackRate</a></code>
+ attribute or the <code title=dom-MediaController-playbackRate><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-playbackrate>playbackRate</a></code> attribute
+ has just been updated.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-mediacontroller-volumechange title=event-MediaController-volumechange><code>volumechange</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>Either the <code title=dom-MediaController-volume><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-volume>volume</a></code> attribute or the <code title=dom-MediaController-muted><a href=#dom-mediacontroller-muted>muted</a></code> attribute has just been updated.
+
+ </table><p>The following events fire on <code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code>, <code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code>, and
+ <code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code> objects:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Event name
+
+ <th>Interface
+
+ <th>Fired when...
+
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=event-media-change title=event-media-change><code>change</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>One or more tracks in the track list have been enabled or disabled.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-addtrack title=event-media-addtrack><code>addtrack</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#trackevent>TrackEvent</a></code>
+
+ <td>A track has been added to the track list.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-removetrack title=event-media-removetrack><code>removetrack</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#trackevent>TrackEvent</a></code>
+
+ <td>A track has been removed from the track list.
+
+ </table><p>The following event fires on <code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code> objects and <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> elements:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Event name
+
+ <th>Interface
+
+ <th>Fired when...
+
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=event-media-cuechange title=event-media-cuechange><code>cuechange</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>One or more cues in the track have become active or stopped being active.
+
+ </table><p>The following events fire on <code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code> objects:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Event name
+
+ <th>Interface
+
+ <th>Fired when...
+
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=event-media-enter title=event-media-enter><code>enter</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The cue has become active.
+
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-media-exit title=event-media-exit><code>exit</code></dfn>
+
+ <td><code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+
+ <td>The cue has stopped being active.
+
+ </table><!--ADD-TOPIC:Security--><div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=security-and-privacy-considerations><span class=secno>4.7.10.17 </span>Security and privacy considerations</h5>
+
+ <p>The main security and privacy implications of the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>
+ elements come from the ability to embed media cross-origin. There are two directions that threats
+ can flow: from hostile content to a victim page, and from a hostile page to victim content.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>If a victim page embeds hostile content, the threat is that the content might contain scripted
+ code that attempts to interact with the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that embeds the content. To avoid
+ this, user agents must ensure that there is no access from the content to the embedding page. In
+ the case of media content that uses DOM concepts, the embedded content must be treated as if it
+ was in its own unrelated <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For instance, if an SVG animation was embedded in a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element,
+ the user agent would not give it access to the DOM of the outer page. From the perspective of
+ scripts in the SVG resource, the SVG file would appear to be in a lone top-level browsing context
+ with no parent.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>If a hostile page embeds victim content, the threat is that the embedding page could obtain
+ information from the content that it would not otherwise have access to. The API does expose some
+ information: the existence of the media, its type, its duration, its size, and the performance
+ characteristics of its host. Such information is already potentially problematic, but in practice
+ the same information can more or less be obtained using the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element, and so it
+ has been deemed acceptable.</p>
+
+ <p>However, significantly more sensitive information could be obtained if the user agent further
+ exposes metadata within the content such as subtitles or chapter titles. Such information is
+ therefore only exposed if the video resource passes a CORS <a href=#resource-sharing-check>resource sharing check</a>.
+ The <code title=attr-media-crossorigin><a href=#attr-media-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> attribute allows authors to control
+ how this check is performed. <a href=#refsFETCH>[FETCH]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=example>Without this restriction, an attacker could trick a user running within a
+ corporate network into visiting a site that attempts to load a video from a previously leaked
+ location on the corporation's intranet. If such a video included confidential plans for a new
+ product, then being able to read the subtitles would present a serious confidentiality breach.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+ <h5 id=best-practices-for-authors-using-media-elements><span class=secno>4.7.10.18 </span>Best practices for authors using media elements</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Playing audio and video resources on small devices such as set-top boxes or mobile phones is
+ often constrained by limited hardware resources in the device. For example, a device might only
+ support three simultaneous videos. For this reason, it is a good practice to release resources
+ held by <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> when they are done playing, either by
+ being very careful about removing all references to the element and allowing it to be garbage
+ collected, or, even better, by removing the element's <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute and any <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> element descendants, and invoking the element's <code title=dom-media-load><a href=#dom-media-load>load()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, when the playback rate is not exactly 1.0, hardware, software, or format limitations
+ can cause video frames to be dropped and audio to be choppy or muted.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=best-practices-for-implementors-of-media-elements><span class=secno>4.7.10.19 </span>Best practices for implementors of media elements</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>How accurately various aspects of the <a href=#media-element>media element</a> API are implemented is
+ considered a quality-of-implementation issue.</p>
+
+ <p>For example, when implementing the <code title=attr-media-buffered>buffered</code> attribute,
+ how precise an implementation reports the ranges that have been buffered depends on how carefully
+ the user agent inspects the data. Since the API reports ranges as times, but the data is obtained
+ in byte streams, a user agent receiving a variable-bit-rate stream might only be able to determine
+ precise times by actually decoding all of the data. User agents aren't required to do this,
+ however; they can instead return estimates (e.g. based on the average bit rate seen so far) which
+ get revised as more information becomes available.</p>
+
+ <p>As a general rule, user agents are urged to be conservative rather than optimistic. For
+ example, it would be bad to report that everything had been buffered when it had not.</p>
+
+ <p>Another quality-of-implementation issue would be playing a video backwards when the codec is
+ designed only for forward playback (e.g. there aren't many key frames, and they are far apart, and
+ the intervening frames only have deltas from the previous frame). User agents could do a poor job,
+ e.g. only showing key frames; however, better implementations would do more work and thus do a
+ better job, e.g. actually decoding parts of the video forwards, storing the complete frames, and
+ then playing the frames backwards.</p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, while implementations are allowed to drop buffered data at any time (there is no
+ requirement that a user agent keep all the media data obtained for the lifetime of the media
+ element), it is again a quality of implementation issue: user agents with sufficient resources to
+ keep all the data around are encouraged to do so, as this allows for a better user experience. For
+ example, if the user is watching a live stream, a user agent could allow the user only to view the
+ live video; however, a better user agent would buffer everything and allow the user to seek
+ through the earlier material, pause it, play it forwards and backwards, etc.</p>
+
+ <p>When multiple tracks are synchronised with a <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>, it is possible for
+ scripts to add and remove media elements from the <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>'s list of
+ <a href=#slaved-media-elements>slaved media elements</a>, even while these tracks are playing. How smoothly the media
+ plays back in such situations is another quality-of-implementation issue.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When a <a href=#media-element>media element</a> that is paused is <a href=#remove-an-element-from-a-document title="remove an element from a
+ document">removed from a document</a> and not reinserted before the next time the <a href=#event-loop>event
+ loop</a> reaches step 1, implementations that are resource constrained are encouraged to take
+ that opportunity to release all hardware resources (like video planes, networking resources, and
+ data buffers) used by the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>. (User agents still have to keep track of the
+ playback position and so forth, though, in case playback is later restarted.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-map-element><span class=secno>4.7.11 </span>The <dfn><code>map</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#transparent>Transparent</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-map-name><a href=#attr-map-name>name</a></code> &mdash; Name of <a href=#image-map>image map</a> to reference from the <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attribute</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlmapelement>HTMLMapElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-map-name title=dom-map-name>name</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-map-areas title=dom-map-areas>areas</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-map-images title=dom-map-images>images</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> element, in conjunction with an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element and any
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element descendants, defines an <a href=#image-map>image map</a>. The element
+ <a href=#represents>represents</a> its children.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-map-name title=attr-map-name><code>name</code></dfn> attribute gives the map a name so that
+ it can be referenced. The attribute must be present and must have a non-empty value with no <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>. The value of the <code title=attr-map-name><a href=#attr-map-name>name</a></code> attribute must not be a <a href=#compatibility-caseless title="compatibility
+ caseless">compatibility-caseless</a> match for the value of the <code title=attr-map-name><a href=#attr-map-name>name</a></code> attribute of another <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> element in the same
+ document. If the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute is also specified, both attributes must
+ have the same value.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">map</var> . <code title=dom-map-areas><a href=#dom-map-areas>areas</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements in the
+ <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">map</var> . <code title=dom-map-images><a href=#dom-map-images>images</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ elements that use the <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-map-areas title=dom-map-areas><code>areas</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> element, whose filter matches only
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-map-images title=dom-map-images><code>images</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node, whose filter matches only
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements that are associated with this <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code>
+ element according to the <a href=#image-map>image map</a> processing model.</p>
+
+ <p>The IDL attribute <dfn id=dom-map-name title=dom-map-name><code>name</code></dfn> must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Image maps can be defined in conjunction with other content on the page, to ease maintenance.
+ This example is of a page with an image map at the top of the page and a corresponding set of
+ text links at the bottom.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;TITLE&gt;Babies&trade;: Toys&lt;/TITLE&gt;
+&lt;HEADER&gt;
+ &lt;H1&gt;Toys&lt;/H1&gt;
+ &lt;IMG SRC="/images/menu.gif"
+ ALT="Babies&trade; navigation menu. Select a department to go to its page."
+ USEMAP="#NAV"&gt;
+&lt;/HEADER&gt;
+ ...
+&lt;FOOTER&gt;
+ &lt;MAP NAME="NAV"&gt;
+ &lt;P&gt;
+ &lt;A HREF="/clothes/"&gt;Clothes&lt;/A&gt;
+ &lt;AREA ALT="Clothes" COORDS="0,0,100,50" HREF="/clothes/"&gt; |
+ &lt;A HREF="/toys/"&gt;Toys&lt;/A&gt;
+ &lt;AREA ALT="Toys" COORDS="0,0,100,50" HREF="/toys/"&gt; |
+ &lt;A HREF="/food/"&gt;Food&lt;/A&gt;
+ &lt;AREA ALT="Food" COORDS="0,0,100,50" HREF="/food/"&gt; |
+ &lt;A HREF="/books/"&gt;Books&lt;/A&gt;
+ &lt;AREA ALT="Books" COORDS="0,0,100,50" HREF="/books/"&gt;
+ &lt;/MAP&gt;
+&lt;/FOOTER&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-area-element><span class=secno>4.7.12 </span>The <dfn><code>area</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected, but only if there is a <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> element ancestor or a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element ancestor.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-area-alt><a href=#attr-area-alt>alt</a></code> &mdash; Replacement text for use when images are not available</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-area-coords><a href=#attr-area-coords>coords</a></code> &mdash; Coordinates for the shape to be created in an <a href=#image-map>image map</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>shape</a></code> &mdash; The kind of shape to be created in an <a href=#image-map>image map</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> &mdash; Address of the <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#browsing-context>Browsing context</a> for <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code> &mdash; Whether to download the resource instead of navigating to it, and its file name if so</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> to ping</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code> &mdash; Relationship between the document containing the hyperlink and the destination resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>hreflang</a></code> &mdash; Language of the linked resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Hint for the type of the referenced resource</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlareaelement>HTMLAreaElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-area-alt title=dom-area-alt>alt</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-area-coords title=dom-area-coords>coords</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-area-shape title=dom-area-shape>shape</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-area-target title=dom-area-target>target</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-area-download title=dom-area-download>download</a>;
+ [PutForwards=<span title=dom-DOMSettableTokenList-value>value</span>] attribute <a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-area-ping title=dom-area-ping>ping</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-area-rel title=dom-area-rel>rel</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#domtokenlist>DOMTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-area-rellist title=dom-area-relList>relList</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-area-hreflang title=dom-area-hreflang>hreflang</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-area-type title=dom-area-type>type</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLAreaElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};
+<a href=#htmlareaelement>HTMLAreaElement</a> implements <a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a>;</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> either a hyperlink with some text and a
+ corresponding area on an <a href=#image-map>image map</a>, or a dead area on an image map.</p>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element with a parent node must have a <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> element ancestor
+ or a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element ancestor.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element has an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute, then the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element represents a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>. In this case,
+ the <dfn id=attr-area-alt title=attr-area-alt><code>alt</code></dfn> attribute must be present. It specifies the
+ text of the hyperlink. Its value must be text that, when presented with the texts specified for
+ the other hyperlinks of the <a href=#image-map>image map</a>, and with the alternative text of the image,
+ but without the image itself, provides the user with the same kind of choice as the hyperlink
+ would when used without its text but with its shape applied to the image. The <code title=attr-area-alt><a href=#attr-area-alt>alt</a></code> attribute may be left blank if there is another <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>
+ element in the same <a href=#image-map>image map</a> that points to the same resource and has a non-blank
+ <code title=attr-area-alt><a href=#attr-area-alt>alt</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute, then the area represented by the element cannot be selected, and the <code title=attr-area-alt><a href=#attr-area-alt>alt</a></code> attribute must be omitted.</p>
+
+ <p>In both cases, the <code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>shape</a></code> and <code title=attr-area-coords><a href=#attr-area-coords>coords</a></code> attributes specify the area.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-area-shape title=attr-area-shape><code>shape</code></dfn> attribute is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated
+ attribute</a>. The following table lists the keywords defined for this attribute. The states
+ given in the first cell of the rows with keywords give the states to which those keywords map.
+ <span class=impl>Some of the keywords are non-conforming, as noted in the last
+ column.</span></p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>State
+ <th>Keywords
+ <th class=impl>Notes
+ <tbody><tr><td rowspan=2><a href=#attr-area-shape-circle title=attr-area-shape-circle>Circle state</a>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-area-shape-keyword-circle title=attr-area-shape-keyword-circle><code>circle</code></dfn>
+ <td class=impl>
+ <tr><td class=impl><dfn id=attr-area-shape-keyword-circ title=attr-area-shape-keyword-circ><code>circ</code></dfn>
+ <td class=impl>Non-conforming
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-area-shape-default title=attr-area-shape-default>Default state</a>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-area-shape-keyword-default title=attr-area-shape-keyword-default><code>default</code></dfn>
+ <td class=impl>
+ <tr><td rowspan=2><a href=#attr-area-shape-poly title=attr-area-shape-poly>Polygon state</a>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-area-shape-keyword-poly title=attr-area-shape-keyword-poly><code>poly</code></dfn>
+ <td class=impl>
+ <tr><td class=impl><dfn id=attr-area-shape-keyword-polygon title=attr-area-shape-keyword-polygon><code>polygon</code></dfn>
+ <td class=impl>Non-conforming
+ <tr><td rowspan=2><a href=#attr-area-shape-rect title=attr-area-shape-rect>Rectangle state</a>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-area-shape-keyword-rect title=attr-area-shape-keyword-rect><code>rect</code></dfn>
+ <td class=impl>
+ <tr><td class=impl><dfn id=attr-area-shape-keyword-rectangle title=attr-area-shape-keyword-rectangle><code>rectangle</code></dfn>
+ <td class=impl>Non-conforming
+ </table><p>The attribute may be omitted. The <i>missing value default</i> is the <a href=#attr-area-shape-rect title=attr-area-shape-rect>rectangle</a> state.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-area-coords title=attr-area-coords><code>coords</code></dfn> attribute must, if specified,
+ contain a <a href=#valid-list-of-integers>valid list of integers</a>. This attribute gives the coordinates for the shape
+ described by the <code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>shape</a></code> attribute. <span class=impl>The
+ processing for this attribute is described as part of the <a href=#image-map>image map</a> processing
+ model.</span></p>
+
+ <!-- v2: It was suggested by John S. Urban that coords should support percentages as well as
+ pixels, so that one could use the same image map for images of various sizes. -->
+
+ <p>In the <dfn id=attr-area-shape-circle title=attr-area-shape-circle>circle state</dfn>, <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements must
+ have a <code title=attr-area-coords><a href=#attr-area-coords>coords</a></code> attribute present, with three integers, the
+ last of which must be non-negative. The first integer must be the distance in CSS pixels from the
+ left edge of the image to the center of the circle, the second integer must be the distance in CSS
+ pixels from the top edge of the image to the center of the circle, and the third integer must be
+ the radius of the circle, again in CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ <p>In the <dfn id=attr-area-shape-default title=attr-area-shape-default>default state</dfn> state, <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>
+ elements must not have a <code title=attr-area-coords><a href=#attr-area-coords>coords</a></code> attribute. (The area is the
+ whole image.)</p>
+
+ <p>In the <dfn id=attr-area-shape-poly title=attr-area-shape-poly>polygon state</dfn>, <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements must
+ have a <code title=attr-area-coords><a href=#attr-area-coords>coords</a></code> attribute with at least six integers, and the
+ number of integers must be even. Each pair of integers must represent a coordinate given as the
+ distances from the left and the top of the image in CSS pixels respectively, and all the
+ coordinates together must represent the points of the polygon, in order.</p>
+
+ <p>In the <dfn id=attr-area-shape-rect title=attr-area-shape-rect>rectangle state</dfn>, <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements must
+ have a <code title=attr-area-coords><a href=#attr-area-coords>coords</a></code> attribute with exactly four integers, the
+ first of which must be less than the third, and the second of which must be less than the fourth.
+ The four points must represent, respectively, the distance from the left edge of the image to the
+ left side of the rectangle, the distance from the top edge to the top side, the distance from the
+ left edge to the right side, and the distance from the top edge to the bottom side, all in CSS
+ pixels.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When user agents allow users to <a href=#following-hyperlinks title="following hyperlinks">follow hyperlinks</a> or
+ <a href=#downloading-hyperlinks title="downloading hyperlinks">download hyperlinks</a> created using the
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element, as described in the next section, the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>, <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code>, <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code>, and <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code>
+ attributes decide how the link is followed. The <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code>, <code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>hreflang</a></code>, and <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code>
+ attributes may be used to indicate to the user the likely nature of the target resource before the
+ user follows the link.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code>, <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code>, <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code>, <code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>hreflang</a></code>, and <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code>
+ attributes must be omitted if the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute is not
+ present.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is specified on an
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element, then the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute must
+ also be specified.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> of <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements is to run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- c.f. <a>'s similar section --><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>,
+ then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code>
+ attribute and the algorithm is not <a href=#allowed-to-show-a-popup>allowed to show a popup</a>, or the element's <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code> attribute is present and applying <a href=#the-rules-for-choosing-a-browsing-context-given-a-browsing-context-name>the rules
+ for choosing a browsing context given a browsing context name</a>, using the value of the
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code> attribute as the browsing context name, would
+ result in there not being a chosen browsing context, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If there is an <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>, throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidaccesserror>InvalidAccessError</a></code> exception.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort these steps without following the hyperlink.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, the user agent must <a href=#following-hyperlinks title="following hyperlinks">follow the
+ hyperlink</a> or <a href=#downloading-hyperlinks title="downloading hyperlinks">download the hyperlink</a> created
+ by the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element, if any, and as determined by the <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code> attribute and any expressed user
+ preference.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The IDL attributes <dfn id=dom-area-alt title=dom-area-alt><code>alt</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-area-coords title=dom-area-coords><code>coords</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-area-target title=dom-area-target><code>target</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-area-download title=dom-area-download><code>download</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-area-ping title=dom-area-ping><code>ping</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-area-rel title=dom-area-rel><code>rel</code></dfn>,
+ <dfn id=dom-area-hreflang title=dom-area-hreflang><code>hreflang</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-area-type title=dom-area-type><code>type</code></dfn>, each must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective
+ content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The IDL attribute <dfn id=dom-area-shape title=dom-area-shape><code>shape</code></dfn> must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>shape</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The IDL attribute <dfn id=dom-area-rellist title=dom-area-rellist><code>relList</code></dfn> must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <hr><!-- concept-uu --><p>The <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element also supports the <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface. <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When the element is created, and whenever the element's <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> content attribute is set, changed, or removed, the user
+ agent must invoke the element's <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface's <a href=#concept-uu-set-the-input title=concept-uu-set-the-input>set the input</a> algorithm with the value of the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> content attribute, if any, or the empty string otherwise,
+ as the given value.</p>
+
+ <p>The element's <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface's <a href=#concept-uu-get-the-base title=concept-uu-get-the-base>get the
+ base</a> algorithm must simply return <a href="#the-element's-base-url">the element's base URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The element's <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface's <a href=#concept-uu-query-encoding title=concept-uu-query-encoding>query
+ encoding</a> is the <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the element's <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface invokes its <a href=#concept-uu-update title=concept-uu-update>update steps</a> with a string <var title="">value</var>, the user
+ agent must set the element's <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> content attribute to
+ the string <var title="">value</var>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=image-maps><span class=secno>4.7.13 </span>Image maps</h4>
+
+ <!-- TESTS
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C%21DOCTYPE%20html%3E%0A%3Cimg%20src%3D%22http%3A//hixie.ch/resources/images/smallcats%22%20usemap%3D%23a%20onclick%3Dw%28%27img%27%29%3E%0A%3Cmap%20name%3Da%3E%0A%20%3Carea%20onclick%3Dw%28%271%27%29%20coords%3D%270%25%200%25%20100%25%20100%25%27%20href%3Djavascript%3A%3E%0A%3C/map%3E
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C%21DOCTYPE%20html%3E%0A%3Cbody%20onfocus%3D%22w%28document.activeElement.tagName%29%22%3E%0A%3Cimg%20src%3D%22http%3A//hixie.ch/resources/images/smallcats%22%20usemap%3D%23a%20onclick%3Dw%28%27img%27%29%20onfocus%3D%22w%28document.activeElement.tagName%29%22%3E%0A%3Cimg%20src%3D%22http%3A//hixie.ch/resources/images/sample%22%20usemap%3D%23a%20onclick%3Dw%28%27img%27%29%20onfocus%3D%22w%28document.activeElement.tagName%29%22%3E%0A%3Cmap%20name%3Da%20onfocus%3D%22w%28document.activeElement.tagName%29%22%3E%0A%20%3Carea%20onclick%3Dw%28%271%27%29%20coords%3D%270%200%2050%2050%27%20href%3Djavascript%3A%20onfocus%3D%22w%28document.activeElement.tagName%29%22%3E%0A%3C/map%3E%0A%3Cscript%3E%0A%20var%20x%20%3D%20document.getElementsByTagName%28%27img%27%29%5B0%5D%3B%0A%20x.parentNode.appendChild%28x%29%3B%0A%20document.getElementsByTagName%28%27area%27%29%5B0%5D.focus%28%29%3B%0A%3C/script%3E
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C%21DOCTYPE%20html%3Ex%3Cmap%3E%3Carea%20shape%3Dpolyg%20coords%3D%221%2C2%203%22%3E%3C/map%3E%0A%3Cscript%3Ex%20%3D%20document.getElementsByTagName%28%27area%27%29%5B0%5D%3B%20w%28x.shape%20+%20%27%20%27%20+%20x.coords%29%3C/script%3E
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C%21DOCTYPE%20html%3E%0D%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cimg%20src%3D%22http%3A//hixie.ch/resources/images/astrophy/128%22%20usemap%3D%23a%3E%0D%0A%3Cmap%20name%3Da%3E%3Carea%20shape%3Dcirc%20coords%3D%2220%2C20%2C10%25%22%20href%3D%23%3E%3Carea%20shape%3Dcirc%20coords%3D%2220%2C20%2C10%22%20href%3D%23%3E%3C/map%3E%0D%0A%3Cscript%3Edocument.write%28document.getElementsByTagName%28%27area%27%29%5B0%5D.coords%29%3C/script%3E
+ -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=authoring><span class=secno>4.7.13.1 </span>Authoring</h5>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>An <dfn id=image-map>image map</dfn> allows geometric areas on an image to be associated with <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>An image, in the form of an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element or an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element
+ representing an image, may be associated with an image map (in the form of a <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code>
+ element) by specifying a <dfn id=attr-hyperlink-usemap title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><code>usemap</code></dfn> attribute on
+ the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element. The <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attribute, if specified, must be a <a href=#valid-hash-name-reference>valid
+ hash-name reference</a> to a <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider an image that looks as follows:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-usemap.png width=600 alt="A line with four shapes in it, equally spaced: a red hollow box, a green circle, a blue triangle, and a yellow four-pointed star." height=150></p>
+
+ <p>If we wanted just the colored areas to be clickable, we could do it as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;
+ Please select a shape:
+ &lt;img src="shapes.png" usemap="#shapes"
+ alt="Four shapes are available: a red hollow box, a green circle, a blue triangle, and a yellow four-pointed star."&gt;
+ &lt;map name="shapes"&gt;
+ &lt;area shape=rect coords="50,50,100,100"&gt; &lt;!-- the hole in the red box --&gt;
+ &lt;area shape=rect coords="25,25,125,125" href="red.html" alt="Red box."&gt;
+ &lt;area shape=circle coords="200,75,50" href="green.html" alt="Green circle."&gt;
+ &lt;area shape=poly coords="325,25,262,125,388,125" href="blue.html" alt="Blue triangle."&gt;
+ &lt;area shape=poly coords="450,25,435,60,400,75,435,90,450,125,465,90,500,75,465,60"
+ href="yellow.html" alt="Yellow star."&gt;
+ &lt;/map&gt;
+&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=processing-model-0><span class=secno>4.7.13.2 </span>Processing model</h5>
+
+ <p>If an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element or an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element representing an image has a
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attribute specified, user agents must process it
+ as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>First, <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-hash-name-reference>rules for parsing a hash-name reference</a> to a <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> element
+ must be followed. This will return either an element (the <var title="">map</var>) or
+ null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If that returned null, then abort these steps. The image is not associated with an image
+ map after all.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, the user agent must collect all the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements that are
+ descendants of the <var title="">map</var>. Let those be the <var title="">areas</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Having obtained the list of <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements that form the image map (the <var title="">areas</var>), interactive user agents must process the list in one of two ways.</p>
+
+ <p>If the user agent intends to show the text that the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element represents, then
+ it must use the following steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In user agents that do not support images, or that have images disabled,
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements cannot represent images, and thus this section never applies (the
+ <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a> is shown instead). The following steps therefore only apply to
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Remove all the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements in <var title="">areas</var> that have no <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove all the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements in <var title="">areas</var> that have no <code title=attr-area-alt><a href=#attr-area-alt>alt</a></code> attribute, or whose <code title=attr-area-alt><a href=#attr-area-alt>alt</a></code>
+ attribute's value is the empty string, <em>if</em> there is another <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element in
+ <var title="">areas</var> with the same value in the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute and with a non-empty <code title=attr-area-alt><a href=#attr-area-alt>alt</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Each remaining <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element in <var title="">areas</var> represents a
+ <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>. Those hyperlinks should all be made available to the user in a manner
+ associated with the text of the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>In this context, user agents may represent <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements
+ with no specified <code title="">alt</code> attributes, or whose <code title="">alt</code>
+ attributes are the empty string or some other non-visible text, in a user-agent-defined fashion
+ intended to indicate the lack of suitable author-provided text.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>If the user agent intends to show the image and allow interaction with the image to select
+ hyperlinks, then the image must be associated with a set of layered shapes, taken from the
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements in <var title="">areas</var>, in reverse tree order (so the last
+ specified <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element in the <var title="">map</var> is the bottom-most shape, and
+ the first element in the <var title="">map</var>, in tree order, is the top-most shape).</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element in <var title="">areas</var> must be processed as follows to
+ obtain a shape to layer onto the image:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Find the state that the element's <code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>shape</a></code> attribute
+ represents.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Use the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-list-of-integers>rules for parsing a list of integers</a> to parse the element's <code title=attr-area-coords><a href=#attr-area-coords>coords</a></code> attribute, if it is present, and let the result be the
+ <var title="">coords</var> list. If the attribute is absent, let the <var title="">coords</var>
+ list be the empty list.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the number of items in the <var title="">coords</var> list is less than the minimum number
+ given for the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element's current state, as per the following table, then the
+ shape is empty; abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>State
+ <th>Minimum number of items
+ <tbody><tr><td><a href=#attr-area-shape-circle title=attr-area-shape-circle>Circle state</a>
+ <td>3
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-area-shape-default title=attr-area-shape-default>Default state</a>
+ <td>0
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-area-shape-poly title=attr-area-shape-poly>Polygon state</a>
+ <td>6
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-area-shape-rect title=attr-area-shape-rect>Rectangle state</a>
+ <td>4
+ </table></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Check for excess items in the <var title="">coords</var> list as per the entry in the
+ following list corresponding to the <code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>shape</a></code> attribute's
+ state:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt><a href=#attr-area-shape-circle title=attr-area-shape-circle>Circle state</a></dt>
+ <dd>Drop any items in the list beyond the third.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#attr-area-shape-default title=attr-area-shape-default>Default state</a></dt>
+ <dd>Drop all items in the list.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#attr-area-shape-poly title=attr-area-shape-poly>Polygon state</a></dt>
+ <dd>Drop the last item if there's an odd number of items.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#attr-area-shape-rect title=attr-area-shape-rect>Rectangle state</a></dt>
+ <dd>Drop any items in the list beyond the fourth.</dd>
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>shape</a></code> attribute represents the <a href=#attr-area-shape-rect title=attr-area-shape-rect>rectangle state</a>, and the first number in the list is
+ numerically less than the third number in the list, then swap those two numbers around.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>shape</a></code> attribute represents the <a href=#attr-area-shape-rect title=attr-area-shape-rect>rectangle state</a>, and the second number in the list is
+ numerically less than the fourth number in the list, then swap those two numbers around.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>shape</a></code> attribute represents the <a href=#attr-area-shape-circle title=attr-area-shape-circle>circle state</a>, and the third number in the list is less than
+ or equal to zero, then the shape is empty; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Now, the shape represented by the element is the one described for the entry in the list
+ below corresponding to the state of the <code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>shape</a></code> attribute:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt><a href=#attr-area-shape-circle title=attr-area-shape-circle>Circle state</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">x</var> be the first number in <var title="">coords</var>, <var title="">y</var> be the second number, and <var title="">r</var> be the third number.</p>
+
+ <p>The shape is a circle whose center is <var title="">x</var> CSS pixels from the left edge
+ of the image and <var title="">y</var> CSS pixels from the top edge of the image, and whose
+ radius is <var title="">r</var> pixels.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#attr-area-shape-default title=attr-area-shape-default>Default state</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The shape is a rectangle that exactly covers the entire image.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#attr-area-shape-poly title=attr-area-shape-poly>Polygon state</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">x<sub title=""><var title="">i</var></sub></var> be the <span title="">(2<var title="">i</var>)</span>th entry in <var title="">coords</var>, and <var title="">y<sub title=""><var title="">i</var></sub></var> be the <span title="">(2<var title="">i</var>+1)</span>th entry in <var title="">coords</var> (the first entry in <var title="">coords</var> being the one with index 0).</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">the coordinates</var> be (<var title="">x<sub title=""><var title="">i</var></sub></var>, <var title="">y<sub title=""><var title="">i</var></sub></var>),
+ interpreted in CSS pixels measured from the top left of the image, for all integer values of
+ <var title="">i</var> from 0 to <span title="">(<var title="">N</var>/2)-1</span>, where <var title="">N</var> is the number of items in <var title="">coords</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>The shape is a polygon whose vertices are given by <var title="">the coordinates</var>, and
+ whose interior is established using the even-odd rule. <a href=#refsGRAPHICS>[GRAPHICS]</a></p>
+
+ <!--
+ browsers implement the even-odd rule / even winding rule:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C%21DOCTYPE%20html%3E%0A%3Cimg%20usemap%3D%22%23x%22%20src%3D%22/resources/images/sample%22%3E%0A%3Cmap%20name%3D%22x%22%3E%0A%20%20%3Carea%20shape%3Dpolygon%20coords%3D%220%2C0%200%2C100%20100%2C100%20100%2C2%201%2C2%202%2C1%202%2C99%2099%2C99%2099%2C0%22%20href%3Da%3E%0A%3C/map%3E%0A
+ -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#attr-area-shape-rect title=attr-area-shape-rect>Rectangle state</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">x<sub title="">1</sub></var> be the first number in <var title="">coords</var>, <var title="">y<sub title="">1</sub></var> be the second number, <var title="">x<sub title="">2</sub></var> be the third number, and <var title="">y<sub title="">2</sub></var> be the fourth number.</p>
+
+ <p>The shape is a rectangle whose top-left corner is given by the coordinate (<var title="">x<sub title="">1</sub></var>, <var title="">y<sub title="">1</sub></var>) and whose
+ bottom right corner is given by the coordinate (<var title="">x<sub title="">2</sub></var>,
+ <var title="">y<sub title="">2</sub></var>), those coordinates being interpreted as CSS pixels
+ from the top left corner of the image.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>For historical reasons, the coordinates must be interpreted relative to the
+ <em>displayed</em> image after any stretching caused by the CSS 'width' and 'height' properties
+ (or, for non-CSS browsers, the image element's <code title="">width</code> and <code title="">height</code> attributes &mdash; CSS browsers map those attributes to the
+ aforementioned CSS properties).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Browser zoom features and transforms applied using CSS or SVG do not affect the
+ coordinates.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>Pointing device interaction with an image associated with a set of layered shapes per the above
+ algorithm must result in the relevant user interaction events being first fired to the top-most
+ shape covering the point that the pointing device indicated, if any, or to the image element
+ itself, if there is no shape covering that point. User agents may also allow individual
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements representing <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a> to be selected
+ and activated (e.g. using a keyboard).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Because a <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> element (and its <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements) can be
+ associated with multiple <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements, it is possible for an
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element to correspond to multiple <i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>focusable areas</a></i>
+ of the document.</p>
+
+ <p>Image maps are <a href=#live>live</a>; if the DOM is mutated, then the user agent must act as if it
+ had rerun the algorithms for image maps.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=mathml><span class=secno>4.7.14 </span>MathML</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=math><code>math</code></dfn> element from the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a> falls into the
+ <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a>, <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>, and <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>
+ categories for the purposes of the content models in this specification.</p>
+
+ <p>When the MathML <code title="">annotation-xml</code> element contains elements from the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML
+ namespace</a>, such elements must all be <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>. <a href=#refsMATHML>[MATHML]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When the MathML token elements (<code title="">mi</code>, <code title="">mo</code>, <code title="">mn</code>, <code title="">ms</code>, and <code title="">mtext</code>) are descendants
+ of HTML elements, they may contain <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> elements from the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML
+ namespace</a>. <a href=#refsMATHML>[MATHML]</a></p>
+ <!-- this hooks into http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML3/chapter6.html#world-int-combine-other -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <!-- apparently we get to define error handling, so: -->
+
+ <p>User agents must handle text other than <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a> found in MathML
+ elements whose content models do not allow straight text by pretending for the purposes of MathML
+ content models, layout, and rendering that that text is actually wrapped in an <code title="">mtext</code> element in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a>. (Such text is not, however,
+ conforming.)</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must act as if any MathML element whose contents does not match the element's
+ content model was replaced, for the purposes of MathML layout and rendering, by an <code title="">merror</code> element in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a> containing some appropriate
+ error message.</p>
+
+ <p>To enable authors to use MathML tools that only accept MathML in its XML form, interactive HTML
+ user agents are encouraged to provide a way to export any MathML fragment as an XML
+ namespace-well-formed XML fragment.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The semantics of MathML elements are defined by the MathML specification and <a href=#other-applicable-specifications>other
+ applicable specifications</a>. <a href=#refsMATHML>[MATHML]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of the use of MathML in an HTML document:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;The quadratic formula&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;The quadratic formula&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;math&gt;
+ &lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;
+ &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;
+ &lt;mfrac&gt;
+ &lt;mrow&gt;
+ &lt;mo form="prefix"&gt;&minus;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;b&lt;/mi&gt;
+ &lt;mo&gt;&plusmn;&lt;/mo&gt;
+ &lt;msqrt&gt;
+ &lt;msup&gt; &lt;mi&gt;b&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;/msup&gt;
+ &lt;mo&gt;&minus;&lt;/mo&gt;
+ &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;&it;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;&it;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;
+ &lt;/msqrt&gt;
+ &lt;/mrow&gt;
+ &lt;mrow&gt;
+ &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;&it;&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;
+ &lt;/mrow&gt;
+ &lt;/mfrac&gt;
+ &lt;/math&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=svg-0><span class=secno>4.7.15 </span>SVG</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=svg><code>svg</code></dfn> element from the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a> falls into the
+ <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a>, <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>, and <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>
+ categories for the purposes of the content models in this specification.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>To enable authors to use SVG tools that only accept SVG in its XML form, interactive HTML user
+ agents are encouraged to provide a way to export any SVG fragment as an XML namespace-well-formed
+ XML fragment.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>When the SVG <code title="">foreignObject</code> element contains elements from the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML
+ namespace</a>, such elements must all be <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>. <a href=#refsSVG>[SVG]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The content model for <code title="">title</code> elements in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a>
+ inside <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a> is <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>. (This further constrains the
+ requirements given in the SVG specification.)</p>
+
+ <p>The semantics of SVG elements are defined by the SVG specification and <a href=#other-applicable-specifications>other applicable
+ specifications</a>. <a href=#refsSVG>[SVG]</a></p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=dimension-attributes><span class=secno>4.7.16 </span><dfn>Dimension attributes</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p><span class=impl><strong>Author requirements</strong>:</span> The <dfn id=attr-dim-width title=attr-dim-width><code>width</code></dfn> and <dfn id=attr-dim-height title=attr-dim-height><code>height</code></dfn> attributes on <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>, and, when their
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements may be
+ specified to give the dimensions of the visual content of the element (the width and height
+ respectively, relative to the nominal direction of the output medium), in CSS pixels. The
+ attributes, if specified, must have values that are <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer title="valid non-negative integer">valid
+ non-negative integers</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The specified dimensions given may differ from the dimensions specified in the resource itself,
+ since the resource may have a resolution that differs from the CSS pixel resolution. (On screens,
+ CSS pixels have a resolution of 96ppi, but in general the CSS pixel resolution depends on the
+ reading distance.) If both attributes are specified, then one of the following statements must be
+ true:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><span title=""><var title="">specified width</var> - 0.5 &le;
+ <var title="">specified height</var> * <var title="">target ratio</var> &le;
+ <var title="">specified width</var> + 0.5</span></li>
+
+ <li><span title=""><var title="">specified height</var> - 0.5 &le;
+ <var title="">specified width</var> / <var title="">target ratio</var> &le;
+ <var title="">specified height</var> + 0.5</span></li>
+
+ <li><span title=""><var title="">specified height</var> = <var title="">specified width</var> = 0</span></li>
+
+ </ul><p>The <var title="">target ratio</var> is the ratio of the intrinsic width to the intrinsic
+ height in the resource. The <var title="">specified width</var> and <var title="">specified
+ height</var> are the values of the <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> and <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code> attributes respectively.</p>
+
+ <p>The two attributes must be omitted if the resource in question does not have both an intrinsic
+ width and an intrinsic height.</p>
+
+ <p>If the two attributes are both zero, it indicates that the element is not intended for the user
+ (e.g. it might be a part of a service to count page views).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The dimension attributes are not intended to be used to stretch the image.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>User agent requirements</strong>: User agents are expected to use these attributes <a href=#dimRendering>as hints for the rendering</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-dim-width title=dom-dim-width><code>width</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-dim-height title=dom-dim-height><code>height</code></dfn> IDL attributes on the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> elements must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> the IDL
+ attributes are <code>DOMString</code>; for <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> the IDL attributes are
+ <code>unsigned long</code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The corresponding IDL attributes for <code title=dom-img-height><a href=#dom-img-height>img</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-height><a href=#dom-input-height>input</a></code> elements are defined in those respective elements'
+ sections, as they are slightly more specific to those elements' other behaviors.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=links><span class=secno>4.8 </span>Links</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=introduction-1><span class=secno>4.8.1 </span>Introduction</h4>
+
+ <p>Links are a conceptual construct, created by <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>, and
+ <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements, that <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> a connection between
+ two resources, one of which is the current <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>. There are two kinds of links in
+ HTML:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=external-resource-link title="external resource link">Links to external resources</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>These are links to resources that are to be used to augment the current document,
+ generally automatically processed by the user agent.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=hyperlink title=hyperlink>Hyperlinks</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>These are links to other resources that are generally exposed to the user by the user
+ agent so that the user can cause the user agent to <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> to those resources, e.g.
+ to visit them in a browser or download them.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>For <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements with an <code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>href</a></code> attribute and a
+ <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code> attribute, links must be created for the keywords of the
+ <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code> attribute, as defined for those keywords in the <a href=#linkTypes>link types</a> section.</p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, for <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements with an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute and a <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code> attribute, links must be created for the keywords of the
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code> attribute as defined for those keywords in the <a href=#linkTypes>link types</a> section. Unlike <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements, however,
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element with an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute that either do not have a <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code> attribute, or
+ whose <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code> attribute has no keywords that are defined as
+ specifying <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a>, must also create a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>.
+ This implied hyperlink has no special meaning (it has no <a href=#linkTypes>link type</a>)
+ beyond linking the element's document to the resource given by the element's <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> can have one or more <dfn id=hyperlink-annotation title="hyperlink annotation">hyperlink
+ annotations</dfn> that modify the processing semantics of that hyperlink.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=links-created-by-a-and-area-elements><span class=secno>4.8.2 </span>Links created by <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-hyperlink-href title=attr-hyperlink-href><code>href</code></dfn> attribute on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements must have a value that is a <a href=#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid URL potentially surrounded by
+ spaces</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements is not required; when those elements do not have <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attributes they do not create hyperlinks.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-hyperlink-target title=attr-hyperlink-target><code>target</code></dfn> attribute, if present, must be
+ a <a href=#valid-browsing-context-name-or-keyword>valid browsing context name or keyword</a>. It gives the name of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> that will be used. <span class=impl>User agents use this name when
+ <a href=#following-hyperlinks>following hyperlinks</a>.</span></p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element's <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> is
+ invoked, the user agent may allow the user to indicate a preference regarding whether the
+ hyperlink is to be used for <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> or whether the resource it
+ specifies is to be downloaded.</p>
+
+ <p>In the absence of a user preference, the default should be navigation if the element has no
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code> attribute, and should be to download the
+ specified resource if it does.</p>
+
+ <p>Whether determined by the user's preferences or via the presence or absence of the attribute,
+ if the decision is to use the hyperlink for <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> then the user
+ agent must <a href=#following-hyperlinks title="following hyperlinks">follow the hyperlink</a>, and if the decision is
+ to use the hyperlink to download a resource, the user agent must <a href=#downloading-hyperlinks title="downloading
+ hyperlinks">download the hyperlink</a>. These terms are defined in subsequent sections
+ below.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-hyperlink-download title=attr-hyperlink-download><code>download</code></dfn> attribute, if present,
+ indicates that the author intends the hyperlink to be used for downloading a resource. The
+ attribute may have a value; the value, if any, specifies the default file name that the author
+ recommends for use in labeling the resource in a local file system. There are no restrictions on
+ allowed values, but authors are cautioned that most file systems have limitations with regard to
+ what punctuation is supported in file names, and user agents are likely to adjust file names
+ accordingly.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=ping title=attr-hyperlink-ping><code>ping</code></dfn> attribute, if present,
+ gives the URLs of the resources that are interested in being notified if the user follows the
+ hyperlink. The value must be a <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>set of space-separated tokens</a>, each of which must be a
+ <a href=#valid-non-empty-url>valid non-empty URL</a>. <span class=impl>The value is used by the user agent for
+ <a href=#hyperlink-auditing>hyperlink auditing</a>.</span></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-hyperlink-rel title=attr-hyperlink-rel><code>rel</code></dfn> attribute on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements controls what kinds of links the elements create. The attribute's value
+ must be a <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>set of space-separated tokens</a>. The <a href=#linkTypes>allowed keywords
+ and their meanings</a> are defined below.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code> attribute has no default value. If the
+ attribute is omitted or if none of the values in the attribute are recognised by the user agent,
+ then the document has no particular relationship with the destination resource other than there
+ being a hyperlink between the two.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-hyperlink-hreflang title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><code>hreflang</code></dfn> attribute on
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements that create <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a>, if present, gives the language of the linked resource. It is
+ purely advisory. The value must be a valid BCP 47 language tag. <a href=#refsBCP47>[BCP47]</a>
+ <span class=impl>User agents must not consider this attribute authoritative &mdash; upon
+ fetching the resource, user agents must use only language information associated with the resource
+ to determine its language, not metadata included in the link to the resource.</span></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-hyperlink-type title=attr-hyperlink-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute, if present, gives the
+ <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> of the linked resource. It is purely advisory. The value must be a
+ <a href=#valid-mime-type>valid MIME type</a>. <span class=impl>User agents must not consider the <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code> attribute authoritative &mdash; upon fetching the
+ resource, user agents must not use metadata included in the link to the resource to determine its
+ type.</span></p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=following-hyperlinks-0><span class=secno>4.8.3 </span>Following hyperlinks</h4>
+
+ <p>When a user <dfn id=following-hyperlinks title="following hyperlinks">follows a hyperlink</dfn> created by an element
+ <var title="">subject</var>, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">replace</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">source</var> be the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> that contains the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object with which <var title="">subject</var> in question is
+ associated.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the user indicated a specific <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> when following the hyperlink,
+ or if the user agent is configured to follow hyperlinks by navigating a particular browsing
+ context, then let <var title="">target</var> be that <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">subject</var> is an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element
+ that has a <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code> attribute, then let <var title="">target</var> be the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> that is chosen by applying <a href=#the-rules-for-choosing-a-browsing-context-given-a-browsing-context-name>the
+ rules for choosing a browsing context given a browsing context name</a>, using the value of
+ the <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code> attribute as the browsing context name. If
+ these rules result in the creation of a new <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, set <var title="">replace</var> to true.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the hyperlink is a <a href=#rel-sidebar-hyperlink title=rel-sidebar-hyperlink>sidebar
+ hyperlink</a>, the user agent implements a feature that can be considered a <a href=#secondary-browsing-context>secondary
+ browsing context</a>, and the user agent intends to use this feature in this instance, let
+ <var title="">target</var> be such a <a href=#secondary-browsing-context>secondary browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">target</var> is an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element
+ with no <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code> attribute, but the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> contains a <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-base-target><a href=#attr-base-target>target</a></code> attribute, then let <var title="">target</var> be the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> that is chosen by applying <a href=#the-rules-for-choosing-a-browsing-context-given-a-browsing-context-name>the rules for choosing a browsing
+ context given a browsing context name</a>, using the value of the <code title=attr-base-target><a href=#attr-base-target>target</a></code> attribute of the first such <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element as
+ the browsing context name. If these rules result in the creation of a new <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>, set <var title="">replace</var> to true.</p> <!-- c.f. concept-fs-target -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">target</var> be the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> that <var title="">subject</var> itself is in.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the <a href=#url>URL</a> given by the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute of that element, relative to that
+ element.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If that is successful, let <var title="">URL</var> be the <a href=#resulting-absolute-url>resulting absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> the <a href=#url>URL</a> failed, the
+ user agent may report the error to the user in a user-agent-specific manner, may <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV hyperlink--> the <var title="">target</var>
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to an error page to report the error, or may ignore the error and
+ do nothing. In any case, the user agent must then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>In the case of server-side image maps, append the <var><a href=#hyperlink-suffix>hyperlink suffix</a></var> to <var title="">URL</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV hyperlink--> the <var title="">target</var> <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to <var title="">URL</var>. If <var title="">replace</var> is true, the navigation must be performed with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement
+ enabled</a>. The <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a> must be <var title="">source</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the tasks mentioned above is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task
+ source</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--DOWNLOAD-->
+
+ <h4 id=downloading-resources><span class=secno>4.8.4 </span>Downloading resources</h4>
+
+ <p>In some cases, resources are intended for later use rather than immediate viewing. To indicate
+ that a resource is intended to be downloaded for use later, rather than immediately used, the
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code> attribute can be specified on the
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element that creates the <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> to that
+ resource.</p>
+
+ <p>The attribute can furthermore be given a value, to specify the file name that user agents are
+ to use when storing the resource in a file system. This value can be overridden by the <code title=http-content-disposition>Content-Disposition</code> HTTP header's filename parameters. <a href=#refsRFC6266>[RFC6266]</a></p>
+
+ <p>In cross-origin situations, the <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code> attribute
+ has to be combined with the <code title=http-content-disposition>Content-Disposition</code> HTTP
+ header, specifically with the <code title="">attachment</code> disposition type, to avoid the user
+ being warned of possibly nefarious activity. (This is to protect users from being made to download
+ sensitive personal or confidential information without their full understanding.)</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>When a user <dfn id=downloading-hyperlinks title="downloading hyperlinks">downloads a hyperlink</dfn> created by an
+ element, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the <a href=#url>URL</a> given by the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute of that element, relative to that
+ element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> the <a href=#url>URL</a> fails, the user agent
+ may report the error to the user in a user-agent-specific manner, may
+ <a href=#navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV download error--> to an error page to report the error, or may
+ ignore the error and do nothing. In either case, the user agent must abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, let <var title="">URL</var> be the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>In the case of server-side image maps, append the <var><a href=#hyperlink-suffix>hyperlink suffix</a></var> to <var title="">URL</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to whatever algorithm invoked these steps and continue
+ these steps asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fetch>Fetch</a><!--FETCH--> <var title="">URL</var> and handle the resulting resource
+ <a href=#as-a-download>as a download</a>.</li> <!-- http-origin privacy sensitive -->
+
+ </ol><p>When a user agent is to handle a resource obtained from a <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm <dfn id=as-a-download>as
+ a download</dfn>, it should provide the user with a way to save the resource for later use, if a
+ resource is successfully obtained; or otherwise should report any problems downloading the file to
+ the user.</p>
+
+ <p>If the user agent needs a file name for a resource being handled <a href=#as-a-download>as a download</a>, it
+ should select one using the following algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>This algorithm is intended to mitigate security dangers involved in downloading
+ files from untrusted sites, and user agents are strongly urged to follow it.</p> <!-- but it's
+ optional, since it's not really an interoperability issue -->
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">filename</var> be the void value.</li>
+
+ <!-- Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="" is always honoured, even cross-origin -->
+ <li><p>If the resource has a <code title=http-content-disposition>Content-Disposition</code>
+ header, that header specifies the <code title="">attachment</code> disposition type, and the
+ header includes file name information, then let <var title="">filename</var> have the value
+ specified by the header, and jump to the step labeled <i>sanitize</i> below. <a href=#refsRFC6266>[RFC6266]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">interface origin</var> be the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in which the <a href=#downloading-hyperlinks title="downloading hyperlinks">download</a> or
+ <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> action resulting in the download was initiated, if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">resource origin</var> be the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the URL of the
+ resource being downloaded, unless that URL's <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a>
+ component is <code title="">data</code>, in which case let <var title="">resource origin</var> be
+ the same as the <var title="">interface origin</var>, if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is no <var title="">interface origin</var>, then let <var title="">trusted
+ operation</var> be true. Otherwise, let <var title="">trusted operation</var> be true if <var title="">resource origin</var> is the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as <var title="">interface
+ origin</var>, and false otherwise.</li>
+
+ <!-- Content-Disposition: *; filename="" overrides download="" for same-origin -->
+ <li><p>If <var title="">trusted operation</var> is true and the resource has a <code title=http-content-disposition>Content-Disposition</code> header and that header includes file
+ name information, then let <var title="">filename</var> have the value specified by the header,
+ and jump to the step labeled <i>sanitize</i> below. <a href=#refsRFC6266>[RFC6266]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the download was not initiated from a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> created by an
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element, or if the element of the <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> from
+ which it was initiated did not have a <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code>
+ attribute when the download was initiated, or if there was such an attribute but its value when
+ the download was initiated was the empty string, then jump to the step labeled <i>no proposed
+ file name</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">proposed filename</var> have the value of the <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code> attribute of the element of the
+ <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> that initiated the download at the time the download was
+ initiated.</li>
+
+ <!-- download="" works for all links when same-origin -->
+ <!-- it is not used cross-origin, though, even for explicit user gestures -->
+ <!-- (except... see next step) -->
+ <li><p>If <var title="">trusted operation</var> is true, let <var title="">filename</var> have
+ the value of <var title="">proposed filename</var>, and jump to the step labeled <i>sanitize</i>
+ below.</li>
+
+ <!-- Content-Disposition: attachment with no filename="" allows download="" cross-origin -->
+ <li><p>If the resource has a <code title=http-content-disposition>Content-Disposition</code>
+ header and that header specifies the <code title="">attachment</code> disposition type, let <var title="">filename</var> have the value of <var title="">proposed filename</var>, and jump to the
+ step labeled <i>sanitize</i> below. <a href=#refsRFC6266>[RFC6266]</a></li>
+
+ <!-- fallback for same-origin resources or explicit downloads: use the resource's file name -->
+ <li><p><i>No proposed file name</i>: If <var title="">trusted operation</var> is true, or if the
+ user indicated a preference for having the resource in question downloaded, let <var title="">filename</var> have a value derived from the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the resource in a
+ user-agent-defined manner, and jump to the step labeled <i>sanitize</i> below.</li>
+
+ <!-- no C-D: a header on cross-origin raises red flags -->
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Act in a user-agent-defined manner to safeguard the user from a potentially hostile
+ cross-origin download. If the download is not to be aborted, then let <var title="">filename</var> be set to the user's preferred file name or to a file name selected by
+ the user agent, and jump to the step labeled <i>sanitize</i> below.</p>
+
+ <div class=warning>
+
+ <p>If the algorithm reaches this step, then a download was begun from a different origin than
+ the resource being downloaded, and the origin did not mark the file as suitable for
+ downloading, and the download was not initiated by the user. This could be because a <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code> attribute was used to trigger the download, or
+ because the resource in question is not of a type that the user agent supports.</p>
+
+ <p>This could be dangerous, because, for instance, a hostile server could be trying to get a
+ user to unknowingly download private information and then re-upload it to the hostile server,
+ by tricking the user into thinking the data is from the hostile server.</p>
+
+ <p>Thus, it is in the user's interests that the user be somehow notified that the resource in
+ question comes from quite a different source, and to prevent confusion, any suggested file name
+ from the potentially hostile <var title="">interface origin</var> should be ignored.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Sanitize</i>: Optionally, allow the user to influence <var title="">filename</var>. For
+ example, a user agent could prompt the user for a file name, potentially providing the value of
+ <var title="">filename</var> as determined above as a default value.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Adjust <var title="">filename</var> to be suitable for the local file system.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, this could involve removing characters that are not legal in
+ file names, or trimming leading and trailing whitespace.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the platform conventions do not in any way use <a href=#concept-extension title=concept-extension>extensions</a> to determine the types of file on the file system,
+ then return <var title="">filename</var> as the file name and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">claimed type</var> be the type given by the resource's <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a>, if any is known. Let <var title="">named
+ type</var> be the type given by <var title="">filename</var>'s <a href=#concept-extension title=concept-extension>extension</a>, if any is known. For the purposes of this step, a
+ <i>type</i> is a mapping of a <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> to an <a href=#concept-extension title=concept-extension>extension</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">named type</var> is consistent with the user's preferences (e.g. because
+ the value of <var title="">filename</var> was determined by prompting the user), then return <var title="">filename</var> as the file name and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">claimed type</var> and <var title="">named type</var> are the same type
+ (i.e. the type given by the resource's <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a> is
+ consistent with the type given by <var title="">filename</var>'s <a href=#concept-extension title=concept-extension>extension</a>), then return <var title="">filename</var> as the file
+ name and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">claimed type</var> is known, then alter <var title="">filename</var> to
+ add an <a href=#concept-extension title=concept-extension>extension</a> corresponding to <var title="">claimed
+ type</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">named type</var> is known to be potentially dangerous (e.g. it
+ will be treated by the platform conventions as a native executable, shell script, HTML
+ application, or executable-macro-capable document) then optionally alter <var title="">filename</var> to add a known-safe <a href=#concept-extension title=concept-extension>extension</a>
+ (e.g. "<code title="">.txt</code>").</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This last step would make it impossible to download executables, which might not
+ be desirable. As always, implementors are forced to balance security and usability in this
+ matter.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">filename</var> as the file name.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>For the purposes of this algorithm, a file <dfn id=concept-extension title=concept-extension>extension</dfn>
+ consists of any part of the file name that platform conventions dictate will be used for
+ identifying the type of the file. For example, many operating systems use the part of the file
+ name following the last dot ("<code title="">.</code>") in the file name to determine the type of
+ the file, and from that the manner in which the file is to be opened or executed.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should ignore any directory or path information provided by the resource itself,
+ its <a href=#url>URL</a>, and any <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code> attribute, in
+ deciding where to store the resulting file in the user's file system.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--PING-->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=hyperlink-auditing><span class=secno>4.8.4.1 </span><dfn>Hyperlink auditing</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>If a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> created by an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element has a
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code> attribute, and the user follows the hyperlink, and
+ the value of the element's <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute can be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolved</a>, relative to the element, without failure, then the user
+ agent must take the <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code> attribute's value, <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on spaces">split that string on spaces</a>, <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolve</a> each resulting token relative to the element, and then each <a href=#resulting-absolute-url title="resulting absolute URL">resulting absolute URL</a> <var title="">ping URL</var> should
+ be <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a><!--FETCH--> from the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> containing the <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> <!-- not http-origin privacy sensitive
+ --> (as described below). (Tokens that fail to resolve are ignored.) This may be done in parallel
+ with the primary request, and is independent of the result of that request.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should allow the user to adjust this behavior, for example in conjunction with a
+ setting that disables the sending of HTTP <code title=http-referer>Referer</code> (sic)
+ headers. Based on the user's preferences, UAs may either <a href=#ignore>ignore</a> the <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code> attribute altogether, or selectively ignore URLs in the
+ list (e.g. ignoring any third-party URLs).</p>
+
+ <p>For each <var title="">ping URL</var> that is an HTTP URL, the request must be performed using
+ the POST method, with an entity body with the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> <code><a href=#text/ping>text/ping</a></code>
+ consisting of the four-character string "<code title="">PING</code>". All relevant cookie and
+ HTTP authentication headers must be included in the request. Which other headers are required
+ depends on the URLs involved, as follows. For the purposes of these requirements, <var title="">target URL</var> is the <a href=#resulting-absolute-url>resulting absolute URL</a> obtained from <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> the value of the element's <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If both the <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">address</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ object containing the hyperlink being audited and <var title="">ping URL</var> have the
+ <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>The request must include a <code title=http-ping-from><a href=#ping-from>Ping-From</a></code> HTTP header with,
+ as its value, the <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">address</a> of the document containing
+ the hyperlink, and a <code title=http-ping-to><a href=#ping-to>Ping-To</a></code> HTTP header with, as its value,
+ the <var title="">target URL</var>. The request must not include a <code title=http-referer>Referer</code> (sic) HTTP header. <!-- because otherwise it would look like
+ a trustable same-origin POST --></dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise, if the origins are different, but the document containing the hyperlink being
+ audited was not retrieved over an encrypted connection</dt>
+
+ <dd>The request must include a <code title=http-referer>Referer</code> (sic) HTTP header with,
+ as its value, the <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">address</a> of the document containing
+ the hyperlink, a <code title=http-ping-from><a href=#ping-from>Ping-From</a></code> HTTP header with the same value,
+ and a <code title=http-ping-to><a href=#ping-to>Ping-To</a></code> HTTP header with, as its value, <var title="">target URL</var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise, the origins are different and the document containing the hyperlink being audited
+ was retrieved over an encrypted connection</dt>
+
+ <dd>The request must include a <code title=http-ping-to><a href=#ping-to>Ping-To</a></code> HTTP header with, as
+ its value, <var title="">target URL</var>. The request must neither include a <code title=http-referer>Referer</code> (sic) HTTP header nor include a <code title=http-ping-from><a href=#ping-from>Ping-From</a></code> HTTP header.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>To save bandwidth, implementors might also wish to consider omitting optional
+ headers such as <code>Accept</code> from these requests.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must, unless otherwise specified by the user, honor the HTTP headers (including, in
+ particular, redirects and HTTP cookie headers), but must ignore any entity bodies returned in the
+ responses. User agents may close the connection prematurely once they start receiving an entity
+ body. <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When the <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code> attribute is present, user agents
+ should clearly indicate to the user that following the hyperlink will also cause secondary
+ requests to be sent in the background, possibly including listing the actual target URLs.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, a visual user agent could include the hostnames of the target ping
+ URLs along with the hyperlink's actual URL in a status bar or tooltip.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code> attribute is redundant with pre-existing
+ technologies like HTTP redirects and JavaScript in allowing Web pages to track which off-site
+ links are most popular or allowing advertisers to track click-through rates.</p>
+
+ <p>However, the <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code> attribute provides these advantages
+ to the user over those alternatives:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>It allows the user to see the final target URL unobscured.</li>
+
+ <li>It allows the UA to inform the user about the out-of-band notifications.</li>
+
+ <li>It allows the user to disable the notifications without losing the underlying link
+ functionality.</li>
+
+ <li>It allows the UA to optimise the use of available network bandwidth so that the target page
+ loads faster.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>Thus, while it is possible to track users without this feature, authors are encouraged to use
+ the <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code> attribute so that the user agent can make the
+ user experience more transparent.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- resolving ping urls happens at audit time, so base URL changes affect the values of ping
+ attributes -->
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=linkTypes><span class=secno>4.8.5 </span>Link types</h4>
+
+ <p>The following table summarizes the link types that are defined by this specification. This
+ table is non-normative; the actual definitions for the link types are given in the next few
+ sections.</p>
+
+ <p>In this section, the term <i>referenced document</i> refers to the resource identified by the
+ element representing the link, and the term <i>current document</i> refers to the resource within
+ which the element representing the link finds itself.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>To determine which link types apply to a <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element, the element's <code title="">rel</code> attribute must be <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on spaces">split on spaces</a>. The resulting tokens are the link types
+ that apply to that element.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Except where otherwise specified, a keyword must not be specified more than once per <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Link types are always <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a><span class=impl>, and must be
+ compared as such</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Thus, <code title="">rel="next"</code> is the same as <code title="">rel="NEXT"</code>.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th rowspan=2>Link type</th>
+ <th colspan=2>Effect on...</th>
+ <th rowspan=2>Brief description</th>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code></th>
+ <th><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code></th>
+ <tbody><tr><td><code title=rel-alternate><a href=#rel-alternate>alternate</a></code></td> <!-- second most used <link rel> value -->
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td>Gives alternate representations of the current document.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-author><a href=#link-type-author>author</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td>Gives a link to the author of the current document or article.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-bookmark><a href=#link-type-bookmark>bookmark</a></code></td> <!-- fourth most used <a rel> value -->
+ <td><em>not allowed</em></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td>Gives the permalink for the nearest ancestor section.</td>
+ </tr><!-- <code title="rel-contact">contact</code></td> is not here because it's XFN (8th most used <a rel> value) --><!-- fifth and sixth most used <a rel> value (sixth is "external nofollow") --><tr><td><code title=rel-external><a href=#link-type-external>external</a></code></td>
+ <td><em>not allowed</em></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink-annotation title="hyperlink annotation">Annotation</a></td>
+ <td>Indicates that the referenced document is not part of the same site as the current document.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-help><a href=#link-type-help>help</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td>Provides a link to context-sensitive help.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-icon><a href=#rel-icon>icon</a></code></td> <!-- link rel="shortcut icon" and its ilk are the fourth, sixth, and ninth most used values -->
+ <td><a href=#external-resource-link title="external resource link">External Resource</a></td>
+ <td><em>not allowed</em></td>
+ <td>Imports an icon to represent the current document.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-license><a href=#link-type-license>license</a></code></td> <!-- seventh most used <a rel> value -->
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td>Indicates that the main content of the current document is covered by the copyright license described by the referenced document.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-next><a href=#link-type-next>next</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td>Indicates that the current document is a part of a series, and that the next document in the series is the referenced document.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-nofollow><a href=#link-type-nofollow>nofollow</a></code></td> <!-- most used <a rel> value (and sixth most used is "external nofollow") -->
+ <td><em>not allowed</em></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink-annotation title="hyperlink annotation">Annotation</a></td>
+ <td>Indicates that the current document's original author or publisher does not endorse the referenced document.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-noreferrer><a href=#link-type-noreferrer>noreferrer</a></code></td>
+ <td><em>not allowed</em></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink-annotation title="hyperlink annotation">Annotation</a></td>
+ <td>Requires that the user agent not send an HTTP <code title=http-referer>Referer</code> (sic) header if the user follows the hyperlink.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-pingback><a href=#link-type-pingback>pingback</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#external-resource-link title="external resource link">External Resource</a></td>
+ <td><em>not allowed</em></td>
+ <td>Gives the address of the pingback server that handles pingbacks to the current document.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-prefetch><a href=#link-type-prefetch>prefetch</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#external-resource-link title="external resource link">External Resource</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#external-resource-link title="external resource link">External Resource</a></td>
+ <td>Specifies that the target resource should be preemptively cached.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-prev><a href=#link-type-prev>prev</a></code></td> <!-- prev is used more than previous -->
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td>Indicates that the current document is a part of a series, and that the previous document in the series is the referenced document.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-search><a href=#link-type-search>search</a></code></td> <!-- used quite a bit -->
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td>Gives a link to a resource that can be used to search through the current document and its related pages.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-sidebar><a href=#link-type-sidebar>sidebar</a></code></td> <!-- used quite a bit -->
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td>Specifies that the referenced document, if retrieved, is intended to be shown in the browser's sidebar (if it has one).</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-stylesheet><a href=#link-type-stylesheet>stylesheet</a></code></td> <!-- most commonly used <link rel> value, variants came in 7th, 8th, 12th, 17th... -->
+ <td><a href=#external-resource-link title="external resource link">External Resource</a></td>
+ <td><em>not allowed</em></td>
+ <td>Imports a stylesheet.</td>
+ <tr><td><code title=rel-tag><a href=#link-type-tag>tag</a></code></td> <!-- second and third most used <a rel> value (third is technically "category tag"). -->
+ <td><em>not allowed</em></td>
+ <td><a href=#hyperlink>Hyperlink</a></td>
+ <td>Gives a tag (identified by the given address) that applies to the current document.</td>
+ </table><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Some of the types described below list synonyms for these values. These <!--<span
+ class="impl">-->are to be handled as specified by user agents, but<!--</span>--> must not be used
+ in documents.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- v2 ideas:
+ * rel="related" // see also
+ * http://microformats.org/wiki/rel-enclosure
+ -->
+
+
+ <h5 id=rel-alternate><span class=secno>4.8.5.1 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-alternate><code>alternate</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-alternate><a href=#rel-alternate>alternate</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>The meaning of this keyword depends on the values of the other attributes.</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element and the <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code>
+ attribute also contains the keyword <code title=rel-stylesheet><a href=#link-type-stylesheet>stylesheet</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-alternate><a href=#rel-alternate>alternate</a></code> keyword modifies the meaning of the <code title=rel-stylesheet><a href=#link-type-stylesheet>stylesheet</a></code> keyword in the way described for that keyword. The
+ <code title=rel-alternate><a href=#rel-alternate>alternate</a></code> keyword does not create a link of its own.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the <code title=rel-alternate><a href=#rel-alternate>alternate</a></code> keyword is used with the <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code> attribute set to the value <code title="">application/rss+xml</code> or the value <code title="">application/atom+xml</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The keyword creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> referencing a syndication feed (though not
+ necessarily syndicating exactly the same content as the current page).</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The first <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element in the document (in
+ tree order) with the <code title=rel-alternate><a href=#rel-alternate>alternate</a></code> keyword used with the <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code> attribute set to the value <code title="">application/rss+xml</code> or the value <code title="">application/atom+xml</code> must
+ be treated as the default syndication feed for the purposes of feed autodiscovery.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>The following <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element gives the syndication
+ feed for the current page:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="data.xml"&gt;</pre>
+ <p>The following extract offers various different syndication
+ feeds:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;You can access the planets database using Atom feeds:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="recently-visited-planets.xml" rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml"&gt;Recently Visited Planets&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="known-bad-planets.xml" rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml"&gt;Known Bad Planets&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="unexplored-planets.xml" rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml"&gt;Unexplored Planets&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The keyword creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> referencing an alternate representation of the
+ current document.</p>
+
+ <p>The nature of the referenced document is given by the <code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>hreflang</a></code>, and <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code> attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=rel-alternate><a href=#rel-alternate>alternate</a></code> keyword is used with the <code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>hreflang</a></code> attribute, and that attribute's value differs
+ from the <a href=#root-element>root element</a>'s <a href=#language>language</a>, it indicates that the referenced
+ document is a translation.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=rel-alternate><a href=#rel-alternate>alternate</a></code> keyword is used with the <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code> attribute, it indicates that the referenced document is
+ a reformulation of the current document in the specified format.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>hreflang</a></code> and <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code> attributes can be combined when specified with the <code title=rel-alternate><a href=#rel-alternate>alternate</a></code> keyword.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, the following link is a French translation that uses the PDF format:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;link rel=alternate type=application/pdf hreflang=fr href=manual-fr&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>This relationship is transitive &mdash; that is, if a document links to two other documents
+ with the link type "<code title=rel-alternate><a href=#rel-alternate>alternate</a></code>", then, in addition to implying
+ that those documents are alternative representations of the first document, it is also implying
+ that those two documents are alternative representations of each other.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=link-type-author><span class=secno>4.8.5.2 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-author><code>author</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-author><a href=#link-type-author>author</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements, the <code title=rel-author><a href=#link-type-author>author</a></code>
+ keyword indicates that the referenced document provides further information about the author of
+ the nearest <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element ancestor of the element defining the hyperlink, if there
+ is one, or of the page as a whole, otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements, the <code title=rel-author><a href=#link-type-author>author</a></code> keyword indicates
+ that the referenced document provides further information about the author for the page as a
+ whole.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The "referenced document" can be, and often is, a <code title="">mailto:</code>
+ URL giving the e-mail address of the author. <a href=#refsMAILTO>[MAILTO]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Synonyms</strong>: For historical reasons, user agents must also treat
+ <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements that have a <code title="">rev</code> attribute with the value "<code>made</code>" as having the <code title=rel-author><a href=#link-type-author>author</a></code> keyword specified as a link relationship.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=link-type-bookmark><span class=secno>4.8.5.3 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-bookmark><code>bookmark</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-bookmark><a href=#link-type-bookmark>bookmark</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-bookmark><a href=#link-type-bookmark>bookmark</a></code> keyword gives a permalink for the nearest
+ ancestor <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element of the linking element in question, or of <a href=#associatedSection>the section the linking element is most closely associated with</a>, if
+ there are no ancestor <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following snippet has three permalinks. A user agent could determine which permalink
+ applies to which part of the spec by looking at where the permalinks are given.</p>
+
+ <pre> ...
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Example of permalinks&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;div id="a"&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;First example&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="a.html" rel="bookmark"&gt;This permalink applies to
+ only the content from the first H2 to the second H2&lt;/a&gt;. The DIV isn't
+ exactly that section, but it roughly corresponds to it.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/div&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Second example&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;article id="b"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="b.html" rel="bookmark"&gt;This permalink applies to
+ the outer ARTICLE element&lt;/a&gt; (which could be, e.g., a blog post).&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;article id="c"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="c.html" rel="bookmark"&gt;This permalink applies to
+ the inner ARTICLE element&lt;/a&gt; (which could be, e.g., a blog comment).&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+ ...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=link-type-external><span class=secno>4.8.5.4 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-external><code>external</code></dfn>"</h5>
+ <!-- fifth and sixth most used <a rel> value (sixth is "external nofollow") -->
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-external><a href=#link-type-external>external</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword does not create a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>, but <a href=#hyperlink-annotation title="hyperlink annotation">annotates</a> any other hyperlinks created by the element (the
+ implied hyperlink, if no other keywords create one).</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-external><a href=#link-type-external>external</a></code> keyword indicates that the link is leading to a
+ document that is not part of the site that the current document forms a part of.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=link-type-help><span class=secno>4.8.5.5 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-help><code>help</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-help><a href=#link-type-help>help</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements, the <code title=rel-help><a href=#link-type-help>help</a></code>
+ keyword indicates that the referenced document provides further help information for the parent of
+ the element defining the hyperlink, and its children.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the form control has associated context-sensitive help. The user
+ agent could use this information, for example, displaying the referenced document if the user
+ presses the "Help" or "F1" key.</p>
+
+ <pre> &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; Topic: &lt;input name=topic&gt; &lt;a href="help/topic.html" rel="help"&gt;(Help)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements, the <code title=rel-help><a href=#link-type-help>help</a></code> keyword indicates that
+ the referenced document provides help for the page as a whole.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements, on some browsers, the <code title=rel-help><a href=#link-type-help>help</a></code> keyword causes the link to use a different cursor.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=rel-icon><span class=secno>4.8.5.6 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-icon><code>icon</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-icon><a href=#rel-icon>icon</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements.
+ This keyword creates an <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The specified resource is an icon representing the page or site, and should be used by the user
+ agent when representing the page in the user interface.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Icons could be auditory icons, visual icons, or other kinds of icons. <span class=impl>If
+ multiple icons are provided, the user agent must select the most appropriate icon according to the
+ <code title=attr-link-type><a href=#attr-link-type>type</a></code>, <code title=attr-link-media><a href=#attr-link-media>media</a></code>, and <code title=attr-link-sizes><a href=#attr-link-sizes>sizes</a></code> attributes. If there are multiple equally appropriate icons,
+ user agents must use the last one declared in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> at the time that the user
+ agent collected the list of icons. If the user agent tries to use an icon but that icon is
+ determined, upon closer examination, to in fact be inappropriate (e.g. because it uses an
+ unsupported format), then the user agent must try the next-most-appropriate icon as determined by
+ the attributes.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>User agents are not required to update icons when the list of icons changes, but
+ are encouraged to do so.</p>
+
+ <p>There is no default type for resources given by the <code title=rel-icon><a href=#rel-icon>icon</a></code> keyword.
+ However, for the purposes of <a href=#concept-link-type-sniffing>determining the type of the
+ resource</a>, user agents must expect the resource to be an image.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-link-sizes title=attr-link-sizes><code>sizes</code></dfn> attribute gives the sizes of icons
+ for visual media. Its value, if present, is merely advisory. User agents may use the value to
+ decide which icon(s) to use if multiple icons are available.</p>
+
+ <p>If specified, the attribute must have a value that is an <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>unordered set of unique
+ space-separated tokens</a> which are <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a>. Each value must be
+ either an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title=attr-link-sizes-any><a href=#attr-link-sizes-any>any</a></code>", or a value that consists of two <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer title="valid
+ non-negative integer">valid non-negative integers</a> that do not have a leading U+0030 DIGIT
+ ZERO (0) character and that are separated by a single U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X or U+0058 LATIN
+ CAPITAL LETTER X character.</p>
+
+ <p>The keywords represent icon sizes in raw pixels (as opposed to CSS pixels).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>An icon that is 50 CSS pixels wide intended for displays with a device pixel
+ density of two device pixels per CSS pixel (2x, 192dpi) would have a width of 100 raw pixels. This
+ feature does not support indicating that a different resource is to be used for small
+ high-resolution icons vs large low-resolution icons (e.g. 50&times;50 2x vs 100&times;100 1x).</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>To parse and process the attribute's value, the user agent must first <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a
+ string on spaces">split the attribute's value on spaces</a>, and must then parse each resulting
+ keyword to determine what it represents.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-link-sizes-any title=attr-link-sizes-any><code>any</code></dfn> keyword represents that the
+ resource contains a scalable icon, e.g. as provided by an SVG image.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Other keywords must be further parsed as follows to determine what they represent:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>If the keyword doesn't contain exactly one U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X or U+0058 LATIN
+ CAPITAL LETTER X character, then this keyword doesn't represent anything. Abort these steps for
+ that keyword.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">width string</var> be the string before the "<code title="">x</code>" or
+ "<code title="">X</code>".</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">height string</var> be the string after the "<code title="">x</code>" or
+ "<code title="">X</code>".</li>
+
+ <li><p>If either <var title="">width string</var> or <var title="">height string</var> start with
+ a U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) character or contain any characters other than <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>,
+ then this keyword doesn't represent anything. Abort these steps for that keyword.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Apply the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> to <var title="">width
+ string</var> to obtain <var title="">width</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Apply the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> to <var title="">height
+ string</var> to obtain <var title="">height</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The keyword represents that the resource contains a bitmap icon with a width of <var title="">width</var> device pixels and a height of <var title="">height</var> device
+ pixels.</li>
+
+ </ul></div>
+
+ <p>The keywords specified on the <code title=attr-link-sizes><a href=#attr-link-sizes>sizes</a></code> attribute must not
+ represent icon sizes that are not actually available in the linked resource.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>In the absence of a <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> with the <code title=rel-icon><a href=#rel-icon>icon</a></code> keyword, for
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s obtained over HTTP or HTTPS, user agents may instead attempt to
+ <a href=#fetch>fetch</a><!--FETCH--> and use an icon with the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> obtained by
+ resolving the <a href=#url>URL</a> "<code title="">/favicon.ico</code>" against <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's
+ address</a>, as if the page had declared that icon using the <code title=rel-icon><a href=#rel-icon>icon</a></code>
+ keyword.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following snippet shows the top part of an application with several icons.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;lsForums &mdash; Inbox&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;link rel=icon href=favicon.png sizes="16x16" type="image/png"&gt;
+ &lt;link rel=icon href=windows.ico sizes="32x32 48x48" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"&gt;
+ &lt;link rel=icon href=mac.icns sizes="128x128 512x512 8192x8192 32768x32768"&gt;
+ &lt;link rel=icon href=iphone.png sizes="57x57" type="image/png"&gt;
+ &lt;link rel=icon href=gnome.svg sizes="any" type="image/svg+xml"&gt;
+ &lt;link rel=stylesheet href=lsforums.css&gt;
+ &lt;script src=lsforums.js&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;meta name=application-name content="lsForums"&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ ...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>For historical reasons, the <code title=rel-icon><a href=#rel-icon>icon</a></code> keyword may be preceded by the
+ keyword "<code title="">shortcut</code>". If the "<code title="">shortcut</code>" keyword is
+ present, the <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code> attribute's entire value must be an
+ <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">shortcut&nbsp;icon</code>" (with a single U+0020 SPACE character between the tokens and
+ no other <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>).</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=link-type-license><span class=secno>4.8.5.7 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-license><code>license</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-license><a href=#link-type-license>license</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-license><a href=#link-type-license>license</a></code> keyword indicates that the referenced document
+ provides the copyright license terms under which the main content of the current document is
+ provided.</p>
+
+ <p>This specification does not specify how to distinguish between the main content of a document
+ and content that is not deemed to be part of that main content. The distinction should be made
+ clear to the user.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider a photo sharing site. A page on that site might describe and show a photograph, and
+ the page might be marked up as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Exampl Pictures: Kissat&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;link rel="stylesheet" href="/style/default"&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Kissat&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;a href="../"&gt;Return to photo index&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+ &lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;img src="/pix/39627052_fd8dcd98b5.jpg"&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Kissat&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;/figure&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;One of them has six toes!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a rel="license" href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php"&gt;MIT Licensed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;a href="/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt; | &lt;a href="../"&gt;Photo index&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;&copy; copyright 2009 Exampl Pictures. All Rights Reserved.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In this case the <code title=rel-license><a href=#link-type-license>license</a></code> applies to just the photo (the main
+ content of the document), not the whole document. In particular not the design of the page
+ itself, which is covered by the copyright given at the bottom of the document. This could be made
+ clearer in the styling (e.g. making the license link prominently positioned near the photograph,
+ while having the page copyright in light small text at the foot of the page.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Synonyms</strong>: For historical reasons, user agents must also treat the keyword
+ "<code title="">copyright</code>" like the <code title=rel-license><a href=#link-type-license>license</a></code> keyword.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=link-type-nofollow><span class=secno>4.8.5.8 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-nofollow><code>nofollow</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-nofollow><a href=#link-type-nofollow>nofollow</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword does not create a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>, but <a href=#hyperlink-annotation title="hyperlink annotation">annotates</a> any other hyperlinks created by the element (the
+ implied hyperlink, if no other keywords create one).</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-nofollow><a href=#link-type-nofollow>nofollow</a></code> keyword indicates that the link is not endorsed
+ by the original author or publisher of the page, or that the link to the referenced document was
+ included primarily because of a commercial relationship between people affiliated with the two
+ pages.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=link-type-noreferrer><span class=secno>4.8.5.9 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-noreferrer><code>noreferrer</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-noreferrer><a href=#link-type-noreferrer>noreferrer</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword does not create a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>, but <a href=#hyperlink-annotation title="hyperlink annotation">annotates</a> any other hyperlinks created by the element (the
+ implied hyperlink, if no other keywords create one).</p>
+
+ <p>It indicates that no referrer information is to be leaked when following the link.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If a user agent follows a link defined by an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element that
+ has the <code title=rel-noreferrer><a href=#link-type-noreferrer>noreferrer</a></code> keyword, the user agent must not include a
+ <code title=http-referer>Referer</code> (sic) HTTP header (<a href=#concept-http-equivalent-headers title=concept-http-equivalent-headers>or equivalent</a> for other protocols) in the
+ request.</p>
+
+ <p>This keyword also <a href=#noopener>causes the <code title=dom-opener>opener</code>
+ attribute to remain null</a> if the hyperlink creates a new <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- v2: Would be nice to apply this to other elements too, e.g. letting <img> or CSS or <video>
+ hide the referrer -->
+
+
+ <h5 id=link-type-pingback><span class=secno>4.8.5.10 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-pingback><code>pingback</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-pingback><a href=#link-type-pingback>pingback</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>
+ elements. This keyword creates an <a href=#external-resource-link title="external resource link">external resource
+ link</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For the semantics of the <code title=rel-pingback><a href=#link-type-pingback>pingback</a></code> keyword, see the Pingback
+ 1.0 specification. <a href=#refsPINGBACK>[PINGBACK]</a></p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=link-type-prefetch><span class=secno>4.8.5.11 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-prefetch><code>prefetch</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-prefetch><a href=#link-type-prefetch>prefetch</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword creates an <a href=#external-resource-link title="external
+ resource link">external resource link</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-prefetch><a href=#link-type-prefetch>prefetch</a></code> keyword indicates that preemptively fetching and
+ caching the specified resource is likely to be beneficial, as it is highly likely that the user
+ will require this resource.</p>
+
+ <p>There is no default type for resources given by the <code title=rel-prefetch><a href=#link-type-prefetch>prefetch</a></code>
+ keyword.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=link-type-search><span class=secno>4.8.5.12 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-search><code>search</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-search><a href=#link-type-search>search</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-search><a href=#link-type-search>search</a></code> keyword indicates that the referenced document
+ provides an interface specifically for searching the document and its related resources.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>OpenSearch description documents can be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements and
+ the <code title=rel-search><a href=#link-type-search>search</a></code> link type to enable user agents to autodiscover search
+ interfaces. <a href=#refsOPENSEARCH>[OPENSEARCH]</a></p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=link-type-sidebar><span class=secno>4.8.5.13 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-sidebar><code>sidebar</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-sidebar><a href=#link-type-sidebar>sidebar</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-sidebar><a href=#link-type-sidebar>sidebar</a></code> keyword indicates that the referenced document, if
+ retrieved, is intended to be shown in a <a href=#secondary-browsing-context>secondary browsing context</a> (if possible),
+ instead of in the current <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> with the <code title=rel-sidebar><a href=#link-type-sidebar>sidebar</a></code> keyword specified is
+ a <dfn id=rel-sidebar-hyperlink title=rel-sidebar-hyperlink>sidebar hyperlink</dfn>.</p>
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:CSS-->
+ <h5 id=link-type-stylesheet><span class=secno>4.8.5.14 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-stylesheet><code>stylesheet</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-stylesheet><a href=#link-type-stylesheet>stylesheet</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>
+ elements. This keyword creates an <a href=#external-resource-link title="external resource link">external resource
+ link</a> that contributes to the styling processing model.</p>
+
+ <p>The specified resource is a resource that describes how to present the document. Exactly how
+ the resource is to be processed depends on the actual type of the resource.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=rel-alternate><a href=#rel-alternate>alternate</a></code> keyword is also specified on the
+ <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element, then <dfn id=the-link-is-an-alternative-stylesheet>the link is an alternative stylesheet</dfn>; in this case,
+ the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute must be specified on the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>
+ element, with a non-empty value.</p>
+
+ <p>The default type for resources given by the <code title=rel-stylesheet><a href=#link-type-stylesheet>stylesheet</a></code>
+ keyword is <code title="">text/css</code>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The appropriate times to <a href=#concept-link-obtain title=concept-link-obtain>obtain</a> the resource are:
+
+ <ul><li><p>When the <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a> is created on a <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element
+ that is already <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a>.</li>
+ <!-- e.g. rel="" changed, href="" set... -->
+
+ <li><p>When the <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a>'s <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element is <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a document">inserted into a document</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>When the <code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>href</a></code> attribute of the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>
+ element of an <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a> that is already <a href=#in-a-document>in a
+ <code>Document</code></a> is changed.</li>
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2588 -->
+
+ <li><p>When the <code title=attr-link-crossorigin><a href=#attr-link-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element of an <a href=#external-resource-link title="external resource link">external resource
+ link</a> that is already <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a> is set, changed, or
+ removed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>When the <code title=attr-link-type><a href=#attr-link-type>type</a></code> attribute of the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>
+ element of an <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a> that is already <a href=#in-a-document>in a
+ <code>Document</code></a> is set or changed to a value that does not or no longer matches the
+ <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a> of the previous obtained external
+ resource, if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>When the <code title=attr-link-type><a href=#attr-link-type>type</a></code> attribute of the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>
+ element of an <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a> that is already <a href=#in-a-document>in a
+ <code>Document</code></a> but was previously not obtained due to the <code title=attr-link-type><a href=#attr-link-type>type</a></code> attribute specifying an unsupported type is set, removed, or
+ changed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>When the <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a> changes from being <a href=#the-link-is-an-alternative-stylesheet title="the link is
+ an alternative stylesheet">an alternative stylesheet</a> to not being one, or vice
+ versa.</li>
+
+ </ul><p><strong>Quirk</strong>: If the document has been set to <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, has the
+ <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the external resource<!-- CVE-2010-0654 -->,
+ and the <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a> of the external resource is not a
+ supported style sheet type, the user agent must instead assume it to be <code title="">text/css</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Once a resource has been <a href=#concept-link-obtain title=concept-link-obtain>obtained</a>, if its <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a> is <code title="">text/css</code>, the user
+ agent must run these steps:</p>
+
+ <!-- note that we can only get this far if we have a browsing context, since if you don't have a
+ browsing context (and are active) you can't ever get a result back from "fetch", and thus you
+ never obtain the sheet -->
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2741 -->
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">element</var> be the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element that created the
+ <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">element</var> has an <a href=#associated-css-style-sheet>associated CSS style sheet</a>, <a href=#remove-a-css-style-sheet title="remove a CSS style sheet">remove the CSS style sheet</a> in question.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">element</var> no longer creates an <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a>
+ that contributes to the styling processing model, or if, since the resource in question was <a href=#concept-link-obtain title=concept-link-obtain>obtained</a>, it has become appropriate to <a href=#concept-link-obtain title=concept-link-obtain>obtain</a> it again (meaning this algorithm is about to be
+ invoked again for a newly obtained resource), then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#create-a-css-style-sheet>Create a CSS style sheet</a> with the following properties:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-type title=concept-css-style-sheet-type>type</a></dt>
+ <dd><p><code title="">text/css</code></dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-location title=concept-css-style-sheet-location>location</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#resulting-absolute-url>resulting absolute URL</a> determined during the <a href=#concept-link-obtain title=concept-link-obtain>obtain</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is before any redirects get applied.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-owner-node title=concept-css-style-sheet-owner-node>owner node</a></dt>
+ <dd><p><var title="">element</var></dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-media title=concept-css-style-sheet-media>media</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-link-media><a href=#attr-link-media>media</a></code> attribute of <var title="">element</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is a reference to the (possibly absent at this time) attribute, rather
+ than a copy of the attribute's current value. The CSSOM specification defines what happens
+ when the attribute is dynamically set, changed, or removed.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-title title=concept-css-style-sheet-title>title</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-link-title><a href=#attr-link-title>title</a></code> attribute of <var title="">element</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is similarly a reference to the attribute, rather than a copy of the
+ attribute's current value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-alternate-flag title=concept-css-style-sheet-alternate-flag>alternate flag</a></dt>
+ <dd><p>Set if <a href=#the-link-is-an-alternative-stylesheet>the link is an alternative stylesheet</a>; unset otherwise.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-origin-clean-flag title=concept-css-style-sheet-origin-clean-flag>origin-clean flag</a></dt>
+ <dd><p>Set if the resource is <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a>; unset otherwise.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-parent-css-style-sheet title=concept-css-style-sheet-parent-CSS-style-sheet>parent CSS style sheet</a></dt>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-owner-css-rule title=concept-css-style-sheet-owner-CSS-rule>owner CSS rule</a></dt>
+ <dd><p>null</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-disabeld-flag title=concept-css-style-sheet-disabeld-flag>disabled flag</a></dt>
+ <dd><p>Left at its default value.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#concept-css-style-sheet-css-rules title=concept-css-style-sheet-CSS-rules>CSS rules</a></dt>
+ <dd><p>Left uninitialized.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The CSS <a href=#environment-encoding>environment encoding</a> is the result of running the following steps: <a href=#refsCSSSYNTAX>[CSSSYNTAX]</a></p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element has a <code title=attr-link-charset><a href=#attr-link-charset>charset</a></code> attribute, <a href=#getting-an-encoding title="getting an encoding">get an encoding</a> from that attribute's value. If that
+ succeeds, return the resulting encoding and abort these steps. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, return the <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a>. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:CSS-->
+
+
+ <h5 id=link-type-tag><span class=secno>4.8.5.15 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-tag><code>tag</code></dfn>"</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-tag><a href=#link-type-tag>tag</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-tag><a href=#link-type-tag>tag</a></code> keyword indicates that the <em>tag</em> that the
+ referenced document represents applies to the current document.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Since it indicates that the tag <em>applies to the current document</em>, it would
+ be inappropriate to use this keyword in the markup of a <a href=#tag-cloud>tag cloud</a>, which
+ lists the popular tags across a set of pages.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This document is about some gems, and so it is <i>tagged</i> with "<code title="">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone</code>" to unambiguously categorise it as applying
+ to the "jewel" kind of gems, and not to, say, the towns in the US, the Ruby package format, or
+ the Swiss locomotive class:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;My Precious&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;&lt;h1&gt;My precious&lt;/h1&gt; &lt;p&gt;Summer 2012&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Recently I managed to dispose of a red gem that had been
+ bothering me. I now have a much nicer blue sapphire.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The red gem had been found in a bauxite stone while I was digging
+ out the office level, but nobody was willing to haul it away. The
+ same red gem stayed there for literally years.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ Tags: &lt;a rel=tag href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone"&gt;Gemstone&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In <em>this</em> document, there are two articles. The "<code title=rel-tag><a href=#link-type-tag>tag</a></code>"
+ link, however, applies to the whole page (and would do so wherever it was placed, including if it
+ was within the <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> elements).</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Gem 4/4&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;801: Steinbock&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The number 801 Gem 4/4 electro-diesel has an ibex and was rebuilt in 2002.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;802: Murmeltier&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Trains_de_la_Bernina_en_hiver_2.jpg"
+ alt="The 802 was red with pantographs and tall vents on the side."&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;The 802 in the 1980s, above Lago Bianco.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;/figure&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The number 802 Gem 4/4 electro-diesel has a marmot and was rebuilt in 2003.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;p class="topic"&gt;&lt;a rel=tag href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhaetian_Railway_Gem_4/4"&gt;Gem 4/4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=sequential-link-types><span class=secno>4.8.5.16 </span>Sequential link types</h5>
+
+ <p>Some documents form part of a sequence of documents.</p>
+
+ <p>A sequence of documents is one where each document can have a <em>previous sibling</em> and a
+ <em>next sibling</em>. A document with no previous sibling is the start of its sequence, a
+ document with no next sibling is the end of its sequence.</p>
+
+ <p>A document may be part of multiple sequences.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=link-type-next><span class=secno>4.8.5.16.1 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-next><code>next</code></dfn>"</h6>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-next><a href=#link-type-next>next</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-next><a href=#link-type-next>next</a></code> keyword indicates that the document is part of a
+ sequence, and that the link is leading to the document that is the next logical document in the
+ sequence.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=link-type-prev><span class=secno>4.8.5.16.2 </span>Link type "<dfn title=rel-prev><code>prev</code></dfn>"</h6>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-prev><a href=#link-type-prev>prev</a></code> keyword may be used with <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements. This keyword creates a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-prev><a href=#link-type-prev>prev</a></code> keyword indicates that the document is part of a
+ sequence, and that the link is leading to the document that is the previous logical document in
+ the sequence.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Synonyms</strong>: For historical reasons, user agents must also treat the keyword
+ "<code title="">previous</code>" like the <code title=rel-prev><a href=#link-type-prev>prev</a></code> keyword.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=other-link-types><span class=secno>4.8.5.17 </span>Other link types</h5>
+
+ <p><dfn id=concept-rel-extensions title=concept-rel-extensions>Extensions to the predefined set of link types</dfn> may be
+ registered in the <a href=http://microformats.org/wiki/existing-rel-values#HTML5_link_type_extensions>microformats
+ wiki existing-rel-values page</a>. <a href=#refsMFREL>[MFREL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Anyone is free to edit the <span title="">microformats wiki existing-rel-values page</span> at
+ any time to add a type. Extension types must be specified with the following information:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Keyword</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The actual value being defined. The value should not be confusingly similar to any other
+ defined value (e.g. differing only in case).</p>
+
+ <p>If the value contains a U+003A COLON character (:), it must also be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Effect on... <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>One of the following:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Not allowed</dt>
+
+ <dd>The keyword must not be specified on <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Hyperlink</dt>
+
+ <dd>The keyword may be specified on a <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element; it creates a
+ <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>External Resource</dt>
+
+ <dd>The keyword may be specified on a <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element; it creates an <a href=#external-resource-link>external
+ resource link</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Effect on... <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>One of the following:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Not allowed</dt>
+
+ <dd>The keyword must not be specified on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Hyperlink</dt>
+
+ <dd>The keyword may be specified on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements; it creates a
+ <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>External Resource</dt>
+
+ <dd>The keyword may be specified on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements; it creates
+ an <a href=#external-resource-link>external resource link</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Hyperlink Annotation</dt>
+
+ <dd>The keyword may be specified on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements; it <a href=#hyperlink-annotation title="hyperlink annotation">annotates</a> other <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a>
+ created by the element.</dd>
+
+ </dl></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Brief description</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A short non-normative description of what the keyword's meaning is.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Specification</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A link to a more detailed description of the keyword's semantics and requirements. It
+ could be another page on the Wiki, or a link to an external page.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Synonyms</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A list of other keyword values that have exactly the same processing requirements. Authors
+ should not use the values defined to be synonyms, they are only intended to allow user agents to
+ support legacy content. Anyone may remove synonyms that are not used in practice; only names that
+ need to be processed as synonyms for compatibility with legacy content are to be registered in
+ this way.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Status</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>One of the following:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Proposed</dt>
+
+ <dd>The keyword has not received wide peer review and approval. Someone has proposed it and is,
+ or soon will be, using it.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Ratified</dt>
+
+ <dd>The keyword has received wide peer review and approval. It has a specification that
+ unambiguously defines how to handle pages that use the keyword, including when they use it in
+ incorrect ways.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Discontinued</dt>
+
+ <dd>The keyword has received wide peer review and it has been found wanting. Existing pages are
+ using this keyword, but new pages should avoid it. The "brief description" and "specification"
+ entries will give details of what authors should use instead, if anything.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>If a keyword is found to be redundant with existing values, it should be removed and listed
+ as a synonym for the existing value.</p>
+
+ <p>If a keyword is registered in the "proposed" state for a period of a month or more without
+ being used or specified, then it may be removed from the registry.</p>
+
+ <p>If a keyword is added with the "proposed" status and found to be redundant with existing
+ values, it should be removed and listed as a synonym for the existing value. If a keyword is
+ added with the "proposed" status and found to be harmful, then it should be changed to
+ "discontinued" status.</p>
+
+ <p>Anyone can change the status at any time, but should only do so in accordance with the
+ definitions above.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Conformance checkers must use the information given on the <span title="">microformats wiki
+ existing-rel-values page</span> to establish if a value is allowed or not: values defined in this
+ specification or marked as "proposed" or "ratified" must be accepted when used on the elements for
+ which they apply as described in the "Effect on..." field, whereas values marked as "discontinued"
+ or not listed in either this specification or on the aforementioned page must be rejected as
+ invalid. Conformance checkers may cache this information (e.g. for performance reasons or to avoid
+ the use of unreliable network connectivity).</p>
+
+ <p>When an author uses a new type not defined by either this specification or the Wiki page,
+ conformance checkers should offer to add the value to the Wiki, with the details described above,
+ with the "proposed" status.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Types defined as extensions in the <a href=http://microformats.org/wiki/existing-rel-values#HTML5_link_type_extensions>microformats
+ wiki existing-rel-values page</a> with the status "proposed" or "ratified" may be used with the
+ <code title="">rel</code> attribute on <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>
+ elements in accordance to the "Effect on..." field. <a href=#refsMFREL>[MFREL]</a></p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=tabular-data><span class=secno>4.9 </span>Tabular data</h3>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-table-element><span class=secno>4.9.1 </span>The <dfn><code>table</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>In this order: optionally a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element,
+ followed by zero or more <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> elements, followed
+ optionally by a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element, followed optionally by
+ a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, followed by either zero or more
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> elements or one or more <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ elements, followed optionally by a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element (but
+ there can only be one <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element child in
+ total), optionally intermixed with one or more <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-table-sortable><a href=#attr-table-sortable>sortable</a></code> &mdash; Enables a sorting interface for the table</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltableelement>HTMLTableElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute <a href=#htmltablecaptionelement>HTMLTableCaptionElement</a>? <a href=#dom-table-caption title=dom-table-caption>caption</a>;
+ <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> <a href=#dom-table-createcaption title=dom-table-createCaption>createCaption</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-table-deletecaption title=dom-table-deleteCaption>deleteCaption</a>();
+ attribute <a href=#htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</a>? <a href=#dom-table-thead title=dom-table-tHead>tHead</a>;
+ <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> <a href=#dom-table-createthead title=dom-table-createTHead>createTHead</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-table-deletethead title=dom-table-deleteTHead>deleteTHead</a>();
+ attribute <a href=#htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</a>? <a href=#dom-table-tfoot title=dom-table-tFoot>tFoot</a>;
+ <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> <a href=#dom-table-createtfoot title=dom-table-createTFoot>createTFoot</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-table-deletetfoot title=dom-table-deleteTFoot>deleteTFoot</a>();
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-table-tbodies title=dom-table-tBodies>tBodies</a>;
+ <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> <a href=#dom-table-createtbody title=dom-table-createTBody>createTBody</a>();
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-table-rows title=dom-table-rows>rows</a>;
+ <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> <a href=#dom-table-insertrow title=dom-table-insertRow>insertRow</a>(optional long index = -1);
+ void <a href=#dom-table-deleterow title=dom-table-deleteRow>deleteRow</a>(long index);
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-table-sortable title=dom-table-sortable>sortable</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-table-stopsorting title=dom-table-stopSorting>stopSorting</a>();
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLTableElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> data with more than one dimension, in
+ the form of a <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><span class=impl>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element takes part in the <a href=#table-model>table
+ model</a>.</span> Tables have rows, columns, and cells given by their descendants. The rows and
+ columns form a grid; a table's cells must completely cover that grid without overlap.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>Precise rules for determining whether this conformance requirement is met are
+ described in the description of the <a href=#table-model>table model</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Authors are encouraged to provide information describing how to interpret complex tables.
+ Guidance on how to <a href=#table-descriptions-techniques>provide such information</a> is given
+ below.</p>
+
+ <p>Tables must not be used as layout aids. Historically, some Web authors have misused tables in
+ HTML as a way to control their page layout. This usage is non-conforming, because tools attempting
+ to extract tabular data from such documents would obtain very confusing results. In particular,
+ users of accessibility tools like screen readers are likely to find it very difficult to navigate
+ pages with tables used for layout.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>There are a variety of alternatives to using HTML tables for layout, primarily
+ using CSS positioning and the CSS table model. <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>Tables can be complicated to understand and navigate. To help users with this, user agents
+ should clearly delineate cells in a table from each other, unless the user agent has classified
+ the table as a (non-conforming) layout table.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>Authors <span class=impl>and implementors</span> are encouraged to consider
+ using some of the <a href=#table-layout-techniques>table design techniques</a> described below
+ to make tables easier to navigate for users.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents, especially those that do table analysis on arbitrary content, are encouraged to
+ find heuristics to determine which tables actually contain data and which are merely being used
+ for layout. This specification does not define a precise heuristic, but the following are
+ suggested as possible indicators:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Feature
+ <th>Indication
+ <tbody><tr><td>The use of the <code title=attr-aria-role><a href=#attr-aria-role>role</a></code> attribute with the value <code title=attr-aria-role-presentation>presentation</code>
+ <td>Probably a layout table
+ <tr><td>The use of the non-conforming <code title=attr-table-border><a href=#attr-table-border>border</a></code> attribute with the non-conforming value 0
+ <td>Probably a layout table
+ <tr><td>The use of the non-conforming <code title=attr-table-cellspacing><a href=#attr-table-cellspacing>cellspacing</a></code> and
+ <code title=attr-table-cellpadding><a href=#attr-table-cellpadding>cellpadding</a></code> attributes with the value 0
+ <td>Probably a layout table
+ <tbody><tr><td>The use of <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements
+ <td>Probably a non-layout table
+ <tr><td>The use of the <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code> and <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attributes
+ <td>Probably a non-layout table
+ <tr><td>The use of the non-conforming <code title=attr-table-border><a href=#attr-table-border>border</a></code> attribute with a value other than 0
+ <td>Probably a non-layout table
+ <tr><td>Explicit visible borders set using CSS
+ <td>Probably a non-layout table
+ <tbody><tr><td>The use of the <code title=attr-table-summary><a href=#attr-table-summary>summary</a></code> attribute
+ <td>Not a good indicator (both layout and non-layout tables have historically been given this attribute)
+ </table><p class=note>It is quite possible that the above suggestions are wrong. Implementors are urged
+ to provide feedback elaborating on their experiences with trying to create a layout table
+ detection heuristic.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element has a (non-conforming) <code title=attr-table-summary><a href=#attr-table-summary>summary</a></code> attribute, and the user agent has not classified the
+ table as a layout table, the user agent may report the contents of that attribute to the user.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code title=attr-table-sortable><a href=#attr-table-sortable>sortable</a></code> attribute is used in the <a href=#table-sorting-model>table
+ sorting model</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs--><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-caption><a href=#dom-table-caption>caption</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the table's <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to replace the <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">caption</var> = <var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-createCaption><a href=#dom-table-createcaption>createCaption</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Ensures the table has a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element, and returns it.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-deleteCaption><a href=#dom-table-deletecaption>deleteCaption</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Ensures the table does not have a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-tHead><a href=#dom-table-thead>tHead</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the table's <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to replace the <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element. If the new value is not a
+ <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element, throws a <code><a href=#hierarchyrequesterror>HierarchyRequestError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">thead</var> = <var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-createTHead><a href=#dom-table-createthead>createTHead</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Ensures the table has a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element, and returns it.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-deleteTHead><a href=#dom-table-deletethead>deleteTHead</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Ensures the table does not have a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-tFoot><a href=#dom-table-tfoot>tFoot</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the table's <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to replace the <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element. If the new value is not a
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, throws a <code><a href=#hierarchyrequesterror>HierarchyRequestError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">tfoot</var> = <var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-createTFoot><a href=#dom-table-createtfoot>createTFoot</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Ensures the table has a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, and returns it.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-deleteTFoot><a href=#dom-table-deletetfoot>deleteTFoot</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Ensures the table does not have a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-tBodies><a href=#dom-table-tbodies>tBodies</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> elements of the table.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">tbody</var> = <var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-createTBody><a href=#dom-table-createtbody>createTBody</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Creates a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element, inserts it into the table, and returns it.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>rows</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements of the table.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">tr</var> = <var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-insertRow><a href=#dom-table-insertrow>insertRow</a></code>( [ <var title="">index</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Creates a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, along with a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> if required, inserts them
+ into the table at the position given by the argument, and returns the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The position is relative to the rows in the table. The index &minus;1, which is the default
+ if the argument is omitted, is equivalent to inserting at the end of the table.</p>
+
+ <p>If the given position is less than &minus;1 or greater than the number of rows, throws an
+ <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-deleteRow><a href=#dom-table-deleterow>deleteRow</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Removes the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element with the given position in the table.</p>
+
+ <p>The position is relative to the rows in the table. The index &minus;1 is equivalent to
+ deleting the last row of the table.</p>
+
+ <p>If the given position is less than &minus;1 or greater than the index of the last row, or if
+ there are no rows, throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-caption title=dom-table-caption><code>caption</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return, on
+ getting, the first <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any,
+ or null otherwise. On setting, the first <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element child of the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any, must be removed, and the new value, if not null, must be
+ inserted as the first node of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-createcaption title=dom-table-createCaption><code>createCaption()</code></dfn> method must return
+ the first <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any; otherwise
+ a new <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element must be created, inserted as the first node of the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, and then returned.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-deletecaption title=dom-table-deleteCaption><code>deleteCaption()</code></dfn> method must remove
+ the first <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-thead title=dom-table-tHead><code>tHead</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return, on
+ getting, the first <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any, or
+ null otherwise. On setting, if the new value is null or a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element, the first
+ <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any, must be removed, and
+ the new value, if not null, must be inserted immediately before the first element in the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element that is neither a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element nor a
+ <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element, if any, or at the end of the table if there are no such elements.
+ If the new value is neither null nor a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element, then a
+ <code><a href=#hierarchyrequesterror>HierarchyRequestError</a></code> DOM exception must be thrown instead.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-createthead title=dom-table-createTHead><code>createTHead()</code></dfn> method must return the
+ first <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any; otherwise a new
+ <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element must be created and inserted immediately before the first element in
+ the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element that is neither a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element nor a
+ <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element, if any, or at the end of the table if there are no such elements,
+ and then that new element must be returned.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-deletethead title=dom-table-deleteTHead><code>deleteTHead()</code></dfn> method must remove the
+ first <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-tfoot title=dom-table-tFoot><code>tFoot</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return, on
+ getting, the first <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any, or
+ null otherwise. On setting, if the new value is null or a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, the first
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any, must be removed, and
+ the new value, if not null, must be inserted immediately before the first element in the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element that is neither a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>
+ element, nor a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element, if any, or at the end of the table if there are no such
+ elements. If the new value is neither null nor a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, then a
+ <code><a href=#hierarchyrequesterror>HierarchyRequestError</a></code> DOM exception must be thrown instead.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-createtfoot title=dom-table-createTFoot><code>createTFoot()</code></dfn> method must return the
+ first <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any; otherwise a new
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element must be created and inserted immediately before the first element in
+ the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element that is neither a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element, a
+ <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element, nor a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element, if any, or at the end of the
+ table if there are no such elements, and then that new element must be returned.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-deletetfoot title=dom-table-deleteTFoot><code>deleteTFoot()</code></dfn> method must remove the
+ first <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-tbodies title=dom-table-tBodies><code>tBodies</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> node, whose filter matches only
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> elements that are children of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-createtbody title=dom-table-createTBody><code>createTBody()</code></dfn> method must create a
+ new <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element, insert it immediately after the last <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element
+ child in the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if any, or at the end of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element
+ if the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element has no <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element children, and then must return
+ the new <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-rows title=dom-table-rows><code>rows</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> node, whose filter matches only
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements that are either children of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, or children
+ of <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements that are themselves
+ children of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element. The elements in the collection must be ordered such
+ that those elements whose parent is a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> are included first, in tree order,
+ followed by those elements whose parent is either a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>
+ element, again in tree order, followed finally by those elements whose parent is a
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, still in tree order.</p>
+
+ <p>The behavior of the <dfn id=dom-table-insertrow title=dom-table-insertRow><code>insertRow(<var title="">index</var>)</code></dfn> method depends on the state of the table. When it is called,
+ the method must act as required by the first item in the following list of conditions that
+ describes the state of the table and the <var title="">index</var> argument:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">index</var> is less than &minus;1 or greater than the number of elements
+ in <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>rows</a></code> collection:</dt>
+
+ <dd>The method must throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>rows</a></code> collection has zero elements in it, and the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> has no <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> elements in it:</dt>
+
+ <dd>The method must create a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element, then create a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element,
+ then append the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element to the <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element, then append the
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element to the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, and finally return the
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>rows</a></code> collection has zero elements in it:</dt>
+
+ <dd>The method must create a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, append it to the last <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>
+ element in the table, and return the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">index</var> is &minus;1 or equal to the number of items in <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>rows</a></code> collection:</dt>
+
+ <dd>The method must create a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, and append it to the parent of the last
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element in the <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>rows</a></code> collection. Then, the
+ newly created <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element must be returned.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise:</dt>
+
+ <dd>The method must create a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, insert it immediately before the <var title="">index</var>th <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element in the <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>rows</a></code>
+ collection, in the same parent, and finally must return the newly created <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ element.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the <dfn id=dom-table-deleterow title=dom-table-deleteRow><code>deleteRow(<var title="">index</var>)</code></dfn> method is called, the user agent must run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">index</var> is equal to &minus;1, then <var title="">index</var> must be
+ set to the number of items in the <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>rows</a></code> collection, minus
+ one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Now, if <var title="">index</var> is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the
+ number of elements in the <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>rows</a></code> collection, the method must
+ instead throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception, and these steps must be aborted.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, the method must remove the <var title="">index</var>th element in the <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>rows</a></code> collection from its parent.</p>
+
+ </ol><p>The <code title=dom-table-stopSorting><a href=#dom-table-stopsorting>stopSorting()</a></code> method is used in the <a href=#table-sorting-model>table
+ sorting model</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The IDL attribute <dfn id=dom-table-sortable title=dom-table-sortable><code>sortable</code></dfn> must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-table-sortable><a href=#attr-table-sortable>sortable</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of a table being used to mark up a Sudoku puzzle. Observe the lack of
+ headers, which are not necessary in such a table.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;style scoped&gt;
+ table { border-collapse: collapse; border: solid thick; }
+ colgroup, tbody { border: solid medium; }
+ td { border: solid thin; height: 1.4em; width: 1.4em; text-align: center; padding: 0; }
+ &lt;/style&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Today's Sudoku&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;
+ &lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;
+ &lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 1 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 3 &lt;td&gt; 6 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 4 &lt;td&gt; 7 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 9
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 2 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 9 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 1 &lt;td&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 7 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 6
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 2 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 4 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 3 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 9 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 8
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 5 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 9 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 7 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 1
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 6 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 5 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 2
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 7 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 9 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 8 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 2 &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt; 5
+ &lt;/table&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=table-descriptions-techniques><span class=secno>4.9.1.1 </span>Techniques for describing tables</h5>
+
+ <p id=table-descriptions>For tables that consist of more than just a grid of cells with headers
+ in the first row and headers in the first column, and for any table in general where the reader
+ might have difficulty understanding the content, authors should include explanatory information
+ introducing the table. This information is useful for all users, but is especially useful for
+ users who cannot see the table, e.g. users of screen readers.</p>
+
+ <p>Such explanatory information should introduce the purpose of the table, outline its basic cell
+ structure, highlight any trends or patterns, and generally teach the user how to use the
+ table.</p>
+
+ <!-- Describing the conclusions of the data in a table is useful to everyone; explaining how to
+ read the table, if not obvious from the headers alone, is useful to everyone; describing the
+ structure of the table, if it is easy to grasp visually, might not be useful to everyone, but it
+ might also not be useful to users who can quickly navigate the table with an accessibility tool.
+ -->
+
+ <p>For instance, the following table:</p>
+
+ <table><caption>Characteristics with positive and negative sides</caption>
+ <thead><tr><th id=n> Negative
+ <th> Characteristic
+ <th> Positive
+ <tbody><tr><td headers="n r1"> Sad
+ <th id=r1> Mood
+ <td> Happy
+ <tr><td headers="n r2"> Failing
+ <th id=r2> Grade
+ <td> Passing
+ </table><p>...might benefit from a description explaining the way the table is laid out, something like
+ "Characteristics are given in the second column, with the negative side in the left column and the
+ positive side in the right column".</p>
+
+ <p>There are a variety of ways to include this information, such as:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>In prose, surrounding the table</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <div class=example><pre>&lt;p&gt;In the following table, characteristics are given in the second
+column, with the negative side in the left column and the positive
+side in the right column.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;caption&gt;Characteristics with positive and negative sides&lt;/caption&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th id="n"&gt; Negative
+ &lt;th&gt; Characteristic
+ &lt;th&gt; Positive
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td headers="n r1"&gt; Sad
+ &lt;th id="r1"&gt; Mood
+ &lt;td&gt; Happy
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td headers="n r2"&gt; Failing
+ &lt;th id="r2"&gt; Grade
+ &lt;td&gt; Passing
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre></div>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>In the table's <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <div class=example><pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;caption&gt;
+ &lt;strong&gt;Characteristics with positive and negative sides.&lt;/strong&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Characteristics are given in the second column, with the
+ negative side in the left column and the positive side in the right
+ column.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/caption&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th id="n"&gt; Negative
+ &lt;th&gt; Characteristic
+ &lt;th&gt; Positive
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td headers="n r1"&gt; Sad
+ &lt;th id="r1"&gt; Mood
+ &lt;td&gt; Happy
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td headers="n r2"&gt; Failing
+ &lt;th id="r2"&gt; Grade
+ &lt;td&gt; Passing
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre></div>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>In the table's <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>, in a <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <div class=example><pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;caption&gt;
+ &lt;strong&gt;Characteristics with positive and negative sides.&lt;/strong&gt;
+ &lt;details&gt;
+ &lt;summary&gt;Help&lt;/summary&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Characteristics are given in the second column, with the
+ negative side in the left column and the positive side in the right
+ column.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/details&gt;
+ &lt;/caption&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th id="n"&gt; Negative
+ &lt;th&gt; Characteristic
+ &lt;th&gt; Positive
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td headers="n r1"&gt; Sad
+ &lt;th id="r1"&gt; Mood
+ &lt;td&gt; Happy
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td headers="n r2"&gt; Failing
+ &lt;th id="r2"&gt; Grade
+ &lt;td&gt; Passing
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre></div>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Next to the table, in the same <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <div class=example><pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Characteristics with positive and negative sides&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Characteristics are given in the second column, with the
+ negative side in the left column and the positive side in the right
+ column.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th id="n"&gt; Negative
+ &lt;th&gt; Characteristic
+ &lt;th&gt; Positive
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td headers="n r1"&gt; Sad
+ &lt;th id="r1"&gt; Mood
+ &lt;td&gt; Happy
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td headers="n r2"&gt; Failing
+ &lt;th id="r2"&gt; Grade
+ &lt;td&gt; Passing
+ &lt;/table&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre></div>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Next to the table, in a <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>'s <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <div class=example><pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;strong&gt;Characteristics with positive and negative sides&lt;/strong&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Characteristics are given in the second column, with the
+ negative side in the left column and the positive side in the right
+ column.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th id="n"&gt; Negative
+ &lt;th&gt; Characteristic
+ &lt;th&gt; Positive
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td headers="n r1"&gt; Sad
+ &lt;th id="r1"&gt; Mood
+ &lt;td&gt; Happy
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td headers="n r2"&gt; Failing
+ &lt;th id="r2"&gt; Grade
+ &lt;td&gt; Passing
+ &lt;/table&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre></div>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Authors may also use other techniques, or combinations of the above techniques, as
+ appropriate.</p>
+
+ <p>The best option, of course, rather than writing a description explaining the way the table is
+ laid out, is to adjust the table such that no explanation is needed.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the case of the table used in the examples above, a simple rearrangement of the table so
+ that the headers are on the top and left sides removes the need for an explanation as well as
+ removing the need for the use of <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code> attributes:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;caption&gt;Characteristics with positive and negative sides&lt;/caption&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt; Characteristic
+ &lt;th&gt; Negative
+ &lt;th&gt; Positive
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt; Mood
+ &lt;td&gt; Sad
+ &lt;td&gt; Happy
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt; Grade
+ &lt;td&gt; Failing
+ &lt;td&gt; Passing
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=table-layout-techniques><span class=secno>4.9.1.2 </span>Techniques for table design</h5>
+
+ <p>Good table design is key to making tables more readable and usable.</p>
+
+ <p>In visual media, providing column and row borders and alternating row backgrounds can be very
+ effective to make complicated tables more readable.</p>
+
+ <p>For tables with large volumes of numeric content, using monospaced fonts can help users see
+ patterns, especially in situations where a user agent does not render the borders. (Unfortunately,
+ for historical reasons, not rendering borders on tables is a common default.)</p>
+
+ <p>In speech media, table cells can be distinguished by reporting the corresponding headers before
+ reading the cell's contents, and by allowing users to navigate the table in a grid fashion, rather
+ than serializing the entire contents of the table in source order.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors are encouraged to use CSS to achieve these effects.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents are encouraged to render tables using these techniques whenever the page does not
+ use CSS and the table is not classified as a layout table.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-caption-element><span class=secno>4.9.2 </span>The <dfn><code>caption</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As the first element child of a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>, but with no descendant <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element is not immediately followed by a <a href=#space-character>space character</a> or
+ a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltablecaptionelement>HTMLTableCaptionElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ // <a href="#HTMLTableCaptionElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the title of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>
+ that is its parent, if it has a parent and that is a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element takes part in the <a href=#table-model>table model</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element is the only content in a <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element other
+ than the <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code>, the <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element should be omitted in favor of
+ the <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>A caption can introduce context for a table, making it significantly easier to understand.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider, for instance, the following table:</p>
+
+ <table class=dice-example><tr><th> <th> 1 <th> 2 <th> 3 <th> 4 <th> 5 <th> 6
+ <tr><th> 1 <td> 2 <td> 3 <td> 4 <td> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7
+ <tr><th> 2 <td> 3 <td> 4 <td> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8
+ <tr><th> 3 <td> 4 <td> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8 <td> 9
+ <tr><th> 4 <td> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8 <td> 9 <td> 10
+ <tr><th> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8 <td> 9 <td> 10 <td> 11
+ <tr><th> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8 <td> 9 <td> 10 <td> 11 <td> 12
+ </table><p>In the abstract, this table is not clear. However, with a caption giving the table's number
+ (for reference in the main prose) and explaining its use, it makes more sense:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;caption&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Table 1.
+&lt;p&gt;This table shows the total score obtained from rolling two
+six-sided dice. The first row represents the value of the first die,
+the first column the value of the second die. The total is given in
+the cell that corresponds to the values of the two dice.
+&lt;/caption&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This provides the user with more context:</p>
+
+ <table class=dice-example><caption>
+ <p>Table 1.
+ <p>This table shows the total score obtained from rolling two
+ six-sided dice. The first row represents the value of the first
+ die, the first column the value of the second die. The total is
+ given in the cell that corresponds to the values of the two dice.
+ </caption>
+ <tr><th> <th> 1 <th> 2 <th> 3 <th> 4 <th> 5 <th> 6
+ <tr><th> 1 <td> 2 <td> 3 <td> 4 <td> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7
+ <tr><th> 2 <td> 3 <td> 4 <td> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8
+ <tr><th> 3 <td> 4 <td> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8 <td> 9
+ <tr><th> 4 <td> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8 <td> 9 <td> 10
+ <tr><th> 5 <td> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8 <td> 9 <td> 10 <td> 11
+ <tr><th> 6 <td> 7 <td> 8 <td> 9 <td> 10 <td> 11 <td> 12
+ </table></div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-colgroup-element><span class=secno>4.9.3 </span>The <dfn><code>colgroup</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, after any
+ <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> elements and before any <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-colgroup-span><a href=#attr-colgroup-span>span</a></code> attribute is present: Empty.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-colgroup-span><a href=#attr-colgroup-span>span</a></code> attribute is absent: Zero or more <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> can be
+ omitted if the first thing inside the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element is a <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element,
+ and if the element is not immediately preceded by another <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element whose
+ <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> has been omitted. (It can't be omitted if the element
+ is empty.)</dd>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element is not immediately followed by a <a href=#space-character>space character</a> or
+ a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-colgroup-span><a href=#attr-colgroup-span>span</a></code> &mdash; Number of columns spanned by the element</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltablecolelement>HTMLTableColElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-colgroup-span title=dom-colgroup-span>span</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLTableColElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a <a href=#concept-column-group title=concept-column-group>group</a> of one or more <a href=#concept-column title=concept-column>columns</a> in the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> that is its parent, if it has a
+ parent and that is a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element contains no <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> elements, then the element
+ may have a <dfn id=attr-colgroup-span title=attr-colgroup-span><code>span</code></dfn> content attribute specified,
+ whose value must be a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element and its <code title=attr-colgroup-span><a href=#attr-colgroup-span>span</a></code>
+ attribute take part in the <a href=#table-model>table model</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-colgroup-span title=dom-colgroup-span><code>span</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name. The value must be <a href=#limited-to-only-non-negative-numbers-greater-than-zero>limited to
+ only non-negative numbers greater than zero</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-col-element><span class=secno>4.9.4 </span>The <dfn><code>col</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element that doesn't have
+ a <code title=attr-col-span><a href=#attr-col-span>span</a></code> attribute.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-col-span><a href=#attr-col-span>span</a></code> &mdash; Number of columns spanned by the element</dd>
+ <!-- v2: char, to specify the decimal character used in numeric data cells in the column (not header cells) -->
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <p><code><a href=#htmltablecolelement>HTMLTableColElement</a></code>, same as for
+ <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> elements. This interface defines one member,
+ <code title=dom-col-span><a href=#dom-col-span>span</a></code>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>If a <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element has a parent and that is a <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element that
+ itself has a parent that is a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, then the <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element
+ <a href=#represents>represents</a> one or more <a href=#concept-column title=concept-column>columns</a> in the <a href=#concept-column-group title=concept-column-group>column group</a> represented by that <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The element may have a <dfn id=attr-col-span title=attr-col-span><code>span</code></dfn> content attribute
+ specified, whose value must be a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element and its <code title=attr-col-span><a href=#attr-col-span>span</a></code> attribute take
+ part in the <a href=#table-model>table model</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-col-span title=dom-col-span><code>span</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the content attribute of the same name. The value must be <a href=#limited-to-only-non-negative-numbers-greater-than-zero>limited to only non-negative
+ numbers greater than zero</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-tbody-element><span class=secno>4.9.5 </span>The <dfn><code>tbody</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, after any
+ <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>, and
+ <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> elements, but only if there are no
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements that are children of the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Zero or more <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> and <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a> elements</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> can be omitted
+ if the first thing inside the <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element is a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, and if the
+ element is not immediately preceded by a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element whose <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> has been omitted. (It
+ can't be omitted if the element is empty.)</dd>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element is immediately followed by a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-tbody-rows title=dom-tbody-rows>rows</a>;
+ <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> <a href=#dom-tbody-insertrow title=dom-tbody-insertRow>insertRow</a>(optional long index = -1);
+ void <a href=#dom-tbody-deleterow title=dom-tbody-deleteRow>deleteRow</a>(long index);
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLTableSectionElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ <p>The <code><a href=#htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code> interface is also
+ used for <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements.</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>block</a> of <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>rows</a> that consist of a
+ body of data for the parent <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if the <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element has a
+ parent and it is a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element takes part in the <a href=#table-model>table model</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">tbody</var> . <code title=dom-tbody-rows><a href=#dom-tbody-rows>rows</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements of the table
+ section.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">tr</var> = <var title="">tbody</var> . <code title=dom-tbody-insertRow><a href=#dom-tbody-insertrow>insertRow</a></code>( [ <var title="">index</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Creates a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, inserts it into the table section at the position given by
+ the argument, and returns the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The position is relative to the rows in the table section. The index &minus;1, which is the
+ default if the argument is omitted, is equivalent to inserting at the end of the table
+ section.</p>
+
+ <p>If the given position is less than &minus;1 or greater than the number of rows, throws an
+ <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">tbody</var> . <code title=dom-tbody-deleteRow><a href=#dom-tbody-deleterow>deleteRow</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Removes the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element with the given position in the table section.</p>
+
+ <p>The position is relative to the rows in the table section. The index &minus;1 is equivalent
+ to deleting the last row of the table section.</p>
+
+ <p>If the given position is less than &minus;1 or greater than the index of the last row, or if
+ there are no rows, throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tbody-rows title=dom-tbody-rows><code>rows</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the element, whose filter matches only <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ elements that are children of the element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tbody-insertrow title=dom-tbody-insertRow><code>insertRow(<var title="">index</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method must, when invoked on an element <var title="">table section</var>, act as follows:</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">index</var> is less than &minus;1 or greater than the number of elements in
+ the <code title=dom-tbody-rows><a href=#dom-tbody-rows>rows</a></code> collection, the method must throw an
+ <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">index</var> is &minus;1 or equal to the number of items in the <code title=dom-tbody-rows><a href=#dom-tbody-rows>rows</a></code> collection, the method must create a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element,
+ append it to the element <var title="">table section</var>, and return the newly created
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the method must create a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, insert it as a child of the <var title="">table section</var> element, immediately before the <var title="">index</var>th
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element in the <code title=dom-tbody-rows><a href=#dom-tbody-rows>rows</a></code> collection, and finally
+ must return the newly created <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tbody-deleterow title=dom-tbody-deleteRow><code>deleteRow(<var title="">index</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method must remove the <var title="">index</var>th element in the <code title=dom-tbody-rows><a href=#dom-tbody-rows>rows</a></code> collection from its parent. If <var title="">index</var> is
+ less than zero or greater than or equal to the number of elements in the <code title=dom-tbody-rows><a href=#dom-tbody-rows>rows</a></code> collection, the method must instead throw an
+ <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-thead-element><span class=secno>4.9.6 </span>The <dfn><code>thead</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, after any
+ <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>
+ elements and before any <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>, and
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements, but only if there are no other
+ <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> elements that are children of the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Zero or more <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> and <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a> elements</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element is immediately followed by a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd><code><a href=#htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code>, as defined for
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>block</a> of <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>rows</a> that consist of
+ the column labels (headers) for the parent <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if the <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>
+ element has a parent and it is a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element takes part in the <a href=#table-model>table model</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element being used. Notice the use of both
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> elements in the <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element: the first row is
+ the headers, and the second row is an explanation of how to fill in the table.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;caption&gt; School auction sign-up sheet &lt;/caption&gt;
+<strong> &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;&lt;label for=e1&gt;Name&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;&lt;label for=e2&gt;Product&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;&lt;label for=e3&gt;Picture&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;&lt;label for=e4&gt;Price&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Your name here
+ &lt;td&gt;What are you selling?
+ &lt;td&gt;Link to a picture
+ &lt;td&gt;Your reserve price
+</strong> &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Ms Danus
+ &lt;td&gt;Doughnuts
+ &lt;td&gt;&lt;img src="http://example.com/mydoughnuts.png" title="Doughnuts from Ms Danus"&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;$45
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&lt;input id=e1 type=text name=who required form=f&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&lt;input id=e2 type=text name=what required form=f&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&lt;input id=e3 type=url name=pic form=f&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&lt;input id=e4 type=number step=0.01 min=0 value=0 required form=f&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;
+&lt;form id=f action="/auction.cgi"&gt;
+ &lt;input type=button name=add value="Submit"&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-tfoot-element><span class=secno>4.9.7 </span>The <dfn><code>tfoot</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, after any
+ <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>
+ elements and before any <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ elements, but only if there are no other <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>
+ elements that are children of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, after any
+ <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements, but only if there
+ are no other <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements that are children of the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Zero or more <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> and <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a> elements</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element is immediately followed by a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element, or if
+ there is no more content in the parent element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd><code><a href=#htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code>, as defined for
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>block</a> of <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>rows</a> that consist of
+ the column summaries (footers) for the parent <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, if the
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element has a parent and it is a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element takes part in the <a href=#table-model>table
+ model</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-tr-element><span class=secno>4.9.8 </span>The <dfn><code>tr</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, after any
+ <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>
+ elements, but only if there are no <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> elements that
+ are children of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Zero or more <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code>, and <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a> elements</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element is immediately followed by another <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, or if there is
+ no more content in the parent element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltablerowelement>HTMLTableRowElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ readonly attribute long <a href=#dom-tr-rowindex title=dom-tr-rowIndex>rowIndex</a>;
+ readonly attribute long <a href=#dom-tr-sectionrowindex title=dom-tr-sectionRowIndex>sectionRowIndex</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-tr-cells title=dom-tr-cells>cells</a>;
+ <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> <a href=#dom-tr-insertcell title=dom-tr-insertCell>insertCell</a>(optional long index = -1);
+ void <a href=#dom-tr-deletecell title=dom-tr-deleteCell>deleteCell</a>(long index);
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLTableRowElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>row</a> of
+ <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cells</a> in a <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element takes part in the <a href=#table-model>table model</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">tr</var> . <code title=dom-tr-rowIndex><a href=#dom-tr-rowindex>rowIndex</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the position of the row in the table's <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>rows</a></code>
+ list.</p>
+
+ <p>Returns &minus;1 if the element isn't in a table.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">tr</var> . <code title=dom-tr-sectionRowIndex><a href=#dom-tr-sectionrowindex>sectionRowIndex</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the position of the row in the table section's <code title=dom-tbody-rows><a href=#dom-tbody-rows>rows</a></code> list.</p>
+
+ <p>Returns &minus;1 if the element isn't in a table section.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">tr</var> . <code title=dom-tr-cells><a href=#dom-tr-cells>cells</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements of
+ the row.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">cell</var> = <var title="">tr</var> . <code title=dom-tr-insertCell><a href=#dom-tr-insertcell>insertCell</a></code>( [ <var title="">index</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Creates a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element, inserts it into the table row at the position given by the
+ argument, and returns the <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The position is relative to the cells in the row. The index &minus;1, which is the default
+ if the argument is omitted, is equivalent to inserting at the end of the row.</p>
+
+ <p>If the given position is less than &minus;1 or greater than the number of cells, throws an
+ <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">tr</var> . <code title=dom-tr-deleteCell><a href=#dom-tr-deletecell>deleteCell</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Removes the <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element with the given position in the
+ row.</p>
+
+ <p>The position is relative to the cells in the row. The index &minus;1 is equivalent to
+ deleting the last cell of the row.</p>
+
+ <p>If the given position is less than &minus;1 or greater than the index of the last cell, or
+ if there are no cells, throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tr-rowindex title=dom-tr-rowIndex><code>rowIndex</code></dfn> attribute must, if the element has
+ a parent <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, or a parent <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element and a <em>grandparent</em> <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, return the index
+ of the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element in that <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element's <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>rows</a></code> collection. If there is no such <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element,
+ then the attribute must return &minus;1.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tr-sectionrowindex title=dom-tr-sectionRowIndex><code>sectionRowIndex</code></dfn> attribute must, if
+ the element has a parent <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, return the index of the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element in the parent
+ element's <code title="">rows</code> collection (for tables, that's the <code title=dom-table-rows><a href=#dom-table-rows>HTMLTableElement.rows</a></code> collection; for table sections, that's the
+ <code title=dom-tbody-rows><a href=#dom-tbody-rows>HTMLTableRowElement.rows</a></code> collection). If there is no such
+ parent element, then the attribute must return &minus;1.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tr-cells title=dom-tr-cells><code>cells</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, whose filter matches only
+ <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements that are children of the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tr-insertcell title=dom-tr-insertCell><code>insertCell(<var title="">index</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method must act as follows:</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">index</var> is less than &minus;1 or greater than the number of elements in
+ the <code title=dom-tr-cells><a href=#dom-tr-cells>cells</a></code> collection, the method must throw an
+ <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">index</var> is equal to &minus;1 or equal to the number of items in <code title=dom-tr-cells><a href=#dom-tr-cells>cells</a></code> collection, the method must create a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element,
+ append it to the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, and return the newly created <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the method must create a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element, insert it as a child of the
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, immediately before the <var title="">index</var>th <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element in the <code title=dom-tr-cells><a href=#dom-tr-cells>cells</a></code> collection, and finally
+ must return the newly created <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tr-deletecell title=dom-tr-deleteCell><code>deleteCell(<var title="">index</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method must remove the <var title="">index</var>th element in the <code title=dom-tr-cells><a href=#dom-tr-cells>cells</a></code> collection from its parent. If <var title="">index</var> is less
+ than zero or greater than or equal to the number of elements in the <code title=dom-tr-cells><a href=#dom-tr-cells>cells</a></code> collection, the method must instead throw an
+ <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-td-element><span class=secno>4.9.9 </span>The <dfn><code>td</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#sectioning-root>Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element is immediately followed by a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element,
+ or if there is no more content in the parent element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-tdth-colspan><a href=#attr-tdth-colspan>colspan</a></code> &mdash; Number of columns that the cell is to span</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-tdth-rowspan><a href=#attr-tdth-rowspan>rowspan</a></code> &mdash; Number of rows that the cell is to span</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code> &mdash; The header cells for this cell</dd>
+ <!-- v2 char, to specify the decimal character used in numeric cells -->
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltabledatacellelement>HTMLTableDataCellElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmltablecellelement>HTMLTableCellElement</a> {
+ // <a href="#HTMLTableDataCellElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a data <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> in a table.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element and its <code title=attr-tdth-colspan><a href=#attr-tdth-colspan>colspan</a></code>, <code title=attr-tdth-rowspan><a href=#attr-tdth-rowspan>rowspan</a></code>, and <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code>
+ attributes take part in the <a href=#table-model>table model</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents, especially in non-visual environments or where displaying the table as a 2D grid
+ is impractical, may give the user context for the cell when rendering the contents of a cell; for
+ instance, giving its position in the <a href=#table-model>table model</a>, or listing the cell's header cells
+ (as determined by the <a href=#algorithm-for-assigning-header-cells>algorithm for assigning header cells</a>). When a cell's header
+ cells are being listed, user agents may use the value of <code title=attr-th-abbr><a href=#attr-th-abbr>abbr</a></code>
+ attributes on those header cells, if any, instead of the contents of the header cells
+ themselves.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-th-element><span class=secno>4.9.10 </span>The <dfn><code>th</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>If the <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element is a <a href=#sorting-interface-th-element>sorting interface <code>th</code> element</a>: <a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>Otherwise: None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>, but with no <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>, <a href=#sectioning-content>sectioning content</a>, or <a href=#heading-content>heading content</a> descendants, and if the <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element is a <a href=#sorting-interface-th-element>sorting interface <code>th</code> element</a>, no <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a> descendants.</dd>
+ <!-- EDITING NOTE: If you remove 'heading content' from the list above, make sure to fix the definition of 'sectioning root' to include <th> elements -->
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element is immediately followed by a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element,
+ or if there is no more content in the parent element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-tdth-colspan><a href=#attr-tdth-colspan>colspan</a></code> &mdash; Number of columns that the cell is to span</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-tdth-rowspan><a href=#attr-tdth-rowspan>rowspan</a></code> &mdash; Number of rows that the cell is to span</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code> &mdash; The header cells for this cell</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> &mdash; Specifies which cells the header cell applies to</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-th-abbr><a href=#attr-th-abbr>abbr</a></code> &mdash; Alternative label to use for the header cell when referencing the cell in other contexts</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#column-sort-direction>Column sort direction</a> and <a href=#column-key-ordinality title="column key ordinality">ordinality</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltableheadercellelement>HTMLTableHeaderCellElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmltablecellelement>HTMLTableCellElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-th-scope title=dom-th-scope>scope</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-th-abbr title=dom-th-abbr>abbr</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-th-sorted title=dom-th-sorted>sorted</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-th-sort title=dom-th-sort>sort</a>();
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a header <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> in a table.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element may have a <dfn id=attr-th-scope title=attr-th-scope><code>scope</code></dfn>
+ content attribute specified. The <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attribute is an
+ <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a> with five states, four of which have explicit keywords:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The <dfn id=attr-th-scope-row title=attr-th-scope-row><code>row</code></dfn> keyword, which maps to the
+ <i>row</i> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <i>row</i> state means the header cell applies to some of the subsequent cells in the
+ same row(s).</dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=attr-th-scope-col title=attr-th-scope-col><code>col</code></dfn> keyword, which maps to the
+ <i>column</i> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <i>column</i> state means the header cell applies to some of the subsequent cells in the
+ same column(s).</dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=attr-th-scope-rowgroup title=attr-th-scope-rowgroup><code>rowgroup</code></dfn> keyword, which maps to
+ the <i>row group</i> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <i>row group</i> state means the header cell applies to all the remaining cells in the
+ row group. A <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element's <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attribute must
+ not be in the <a href=#attr-th-scope-rowgroup title=attr-th-scope-rowgroup>row group</a> state if the element is not
+ anchored in a <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>row group</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=attr-th-scope-colgroup title=attr-th-scope-colgroup><code>colgroup</code></dfn> keyword, which maps to
+ the <i>column group</i> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <i>column group</i> state means the header cell applies to all the remaining cells in the
+ column group. A <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element's <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attribute must
+ not be in the <a href=#attr-th-scope-colgroup title=attr-th-scope-colgroup>column group</a> state if the element is
+ not anchored in a <a href=#concept-column-group title=concept-column-group>column group</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=attr-th-scope-auto title=attr-th-scope-auto>auto</dfn> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <i>auto</i> state makes the header cell apply to a set of cells selected based on
+ context.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attribute's <i>missing value default</i> is the
+ <i>auto</i> state.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element may have an <dfn id=attr-th-abbr title=attr-th-abbr><code>abbr</code></dfn>
+ content attribute specified. Its value must be an alternative label for the header cell, to be
+ used when referencing the cell in other contexts (e.g. when describing the header cells that apply
+ to a data cell). It is typically an abbreviated form of the full header cell, but can also be an
+ expansion, or merely a different phrasing.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute is used in the <a href=#table-sorting-model>table
+ sorting model</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element and its <code title=attr-tdth-colspan><a href=#attr-tdth-colspan>colspan</a></code>, <code title=attr-tdth-rowspan><a href=#attr-tdth-rowspan>rowspan</a></code>, <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attributes take part in the <a href=#table-model>table model</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-th-sort><a href=#dom-th-sort>sort()</a></code> method is used in the <a href=#table-sorting-model>table sorting
+ model</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-th-scope title=dom-th-scope><code>scope</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the content attribute of the same name, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-th-abbr title=dom-th-abbr><code>abbr</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-th-sorted title=dom-th-sorted><code>sorted</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows how the <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attribute's <code title=attr-th-scope-rowgroup><a href=#attr-th-scope-rowgroup>rowgroup</a></code> value affects which data cells a header cell
+ applies to.</p>
+
+ <p>Here is a markup fragment showing a table:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt; ID &lt;th&gt; Measurement &lt;th&gt; Average &lt;th&gt; Maximum
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;th scope=rowgroup&gt; Cats &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 93 &lt;th scope=row&gt; Legs &lt;td&gt; 3.5 &lt;td&gt; 4
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 10 &lt;th scope=row&gt; Tails &lt;td&gt; 1 &lt;td&gt; 1
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;th scope=rowgroup&gt; English speakers &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 32 &lt;th scope=row&gt; Legs &lt;td&gt; 2.67 &lt;td&gt; 4
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; 35 &lt;th scope=row&gt; Tails &lt;td&gt; 0.33 &lt;td&gt; 1
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This would result in the following table:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> ID <th> Measurement <th> Average <th> Maximum
+ <tbody><tr><td> <th scope=rowgroup> Cats <td> <td>
+ <tr><td> 93 <th scope=row> Legs <td> 3.5 <td> 4
+ <tr><td> 10 <th scope=row> Tails <td> 1 <td> 1
+ <tbody><tr><td> <th scope=rowgroup> English speakers <td> <td>
+ <tr><td> 32 <th scope=row> Legs <td> 2.67 <td> 4
+ <tr><td> 35 <th scope=row> Tails <td> 0.33 <td> 1
+ </table><p>The headers in the first row all apply directly down to the rows in their column.</p>
+
+ <p>The headers with the explicit <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attributes apply to all
+ the cells in their row group other than the cells in the first column.</p>
+
+ <p>The remaining headers apply just to the cells to the right of them.</p>
+
+ <!-- image source: http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/151 -->
+ <img src=http://images.whatwg.org/table-scope-diagram.png width=459 alt="" height=256><!-- (alt is empty because the diagram is completely described by the previous paragraphs) --></div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=attributes-common-to-td-and-th-elements><span class=secno>4.9.11 </span>Attributes common to <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</h4>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements may have a <dfn id=attr-tdth-colspan title=attr-tdth-colspan><code>colspan</code></dfn> content attribute specified, whose value must
+ be a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements may also have a <dfn id=attr-tdth-rowspan title=attr-tdth-rowspan><code>rowspan</code></dfn> content attribute specified, whose value must
+ be a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a>. For this attribute, the value zero means that the
+ cell is to span all the remaining rows in the row group.</p> <!-- only in no-quirks and
+ limited-quirks mode though, for back compat! -->
+
+ <p>These attributes give the number of columns and rows respectively that the cell is to span.
+ These attributes must not be used to overlap cells<span class=impl>, as described in the
+ description of the <a href=#table-model>table model</a></span>.</p> <!-- conformance criteria for determining
+ when this is violated are given in the processing model -->
+
+ <hr><p>The <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element may have a <dfn id=attr-tdth-headers title=attr-tdth-headers><code>headers</code></dfn> content attribute specified. The <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code> attribute, if specified, must contain a string consisting
+ of an <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a> that are
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>, each of which must have the value of an <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> of a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element taking part in the same <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a> as the <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element<span class=impl> (as defined by the <a href=#table-model>table model</a>)</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element with <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> <var title="">id</var> is
+ said to be <i>directly targeted</i> by all <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements in the
+ same <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a> that have <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code> attributes whose values include as one of their tokens
+ the <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> <var title="">id</var>. A <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element <var title="">A</var> is said to be <i>targeted</i> by a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element
+ <var title="">B</var> if either <var title="">A</var> is <i>directly targeted</i> by <var title="">B</var> or if there exists an element <var title="">C</var> that is itself
+ <i>targeted</i> by the element <var title="">B</var> and <var title="">A</var> is <i>directly
+ targeted</i> by <var title="">C</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element must not be <i>targeted</i> by itself.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-tdth-colspan><a href=#attr-tdth-colspan>colspan</a></code>, <code title=attr-tdth-rowspan><a href=#attr-tdth-rowspan>rowspan</a></code>, and <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code>
+ attributes take part in the <a href=#table-model>table model</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements implement interfaces that inherit from the
+ <code><a href=#htmltablecellelement>HTMLTableCellElement</a></code> interface:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltablecellelement>HTMLTableCellElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-tdth-colspan title=dom-tdth-colSpan>colSpan</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-tdth-rowspan title=dom-tdth-rowSpan>rowSpan</a>;
+ [PutForwards=<span title=dom-DOMSettableTokenList-value>value</span>] readonly attribute <a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-tdth-headers title=dom-tdth-headers>headers</a>;
+ readonly attribute long <a href=#dom-tdth-cellindex title=dom-tdth-cellIndex>cellIndex</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLTableCellElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">cell</var> . <code title=dom-tdth-cellIndex><a href=#dom-tdth-cellindex>cellIndex</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the position of the cell in the row's <code title=dom-tr-cells><a href=#dom-tr-cells>cells</a></code> list.
+ This does not necessarily correspond to the <var title="">x</var>-position of the cell in the
+ table, since earlier cells might cover multiple rows or columns.</p>
+
+ <p>Returns &minus;1 if the element isn't in a row.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tdth-colspan title=dom-tdth-colSpan><code>colSpan</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-tdth-colspan><a href=#attr-tdth-colspan>colspan</a></code> content attribute. Its
+ default value is 1.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1699
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1700
+ -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tdth-rowspan title=dom-tdth-rowSpan><code>rowSpan</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-tdth-rowspan><a href=#attr-tdth-rowspan>rowspan</a></code> content attribute. Its
+ default value is 1.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tdth-headers title=dom-tdth-headers><code>headers</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tdth-cellindex title=dom-tdth-cellIndex><code>cellIndex</code></dfn> IDL attribute must, if the
+ element has a parent <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, return the index of the cell's element in the parent
+ element's <code title=dom-tr-cells><a href=#dom-tr-cells>cells</a></code> collection. If there is no such parent element,
+ then the attribute must return &minus;1.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=processing-model-1><span class=secno>4.9.12 </span>Processing model</h4>
+
+ <p>The various table elements and their content attributes together define the <dfn id=table-model>table
+ model</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-table title=concept-table>table</dfn> consists of cells aligned on a two-dimensional grid of
+ <dfn id=concept-slots title=concept-slots>slots</dfn> with coordinates (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>). The grid is finite, and is either empty or has one or more slots. If the grid
+ has one or more slots, then the <var title="">x</var> coordinates are always in the range <span title="">0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">x</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var></span>, and the <var title="">y</var> coordinates are always in the
+ range <span title="">0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">y</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var></span>. If one or both of <var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var> and <var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var> are zero, then the
+ table is empty (has no slots). Tables correspond to <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</dfn> is a set of slots anchored at a slot (<var title="">cell<sub title="">x</sub></var>, <var title="">cell<sub title="">y</sub></var>), and with
+ a particular <var title="">width</var> and <var title="">height</var> such that the cell covers
+ all the slots with coordinates (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) where <span title=""><var title="">cell<sub title="">x</sub></var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">x</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">cell<sub title="">x</sub></var>+<var title="">width</var></span> and <span title=""><var title="">cell<sub title="">y</sub></var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">y</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">cell<sub title="">y</sub></var>+<var title="">height</var></span>. Cells can either be <em>data cells</em>
+ or <em>header cells</em>. Data cells correspond to <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> elements, and header cells
+ correspond to <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements. Cells of both types can have zero or more associated
+ header cells.</p>
+
+ <p>It is possible, in certain error cases, for two cells to occupy the same slot.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-row title=concept-row>row</dfn> is a complete set of slots from <span title=""><var title="">x</var>=0</span> to <span title=""><var title="">x</var>=<var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var>-1</span>, for a particular value of <var title="">y</var>. Rows usually
+ correspond to <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements, though a <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>row group</a>
+ can have some implied <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>rows</a> at the end in some cases involving
+ <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cells</a> spanning multiple rows.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-column title=concept-column>column</dfn> is a complete set of slots from <span title=""><var title="">y</var>=0</span> to <span title=""><var title="">y</var>=<var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var>-1</span>, for a particular value of <var title="">x</var>. Columns can
+ correspond to <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> elements. In the absence of <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> elements, columns are
+ implied.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>row group</dfn> is a set of <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>rows</a> anchored at a slot (0, <var title="">group<sub title="">y</sub></var>) with a particular <var title="">height</var> such that the row group
+ covers all the slots with coordinates (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) where <span title="">0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">x</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var></span> and <span title=""><var title="">group<sub title="">y</sub></var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">y</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">group<sub title="">y</sub></var>+<var title="">height</var></span>. Row groups correspond to
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements. Not every row is
+ necessarily in a row group.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-column-group title=concept-column-group>column group</dfn> is a set of <a href=#concept-column title=concept-column>columns</a> anchored at a slot (<var title="">group<sub title="">x</sub></var>, 0) with a particular <var title="">width</var> such that the column group
+ covers all the slots with coordinates (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) where <span title=""><var title="">group<sub title="">x</sub></var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">x</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">group<sub title="">x</sub></var>+<var title="">width</var></span> and <span title="">0&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">y</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var></span>. Column
+ groups correspond to <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> elements. Not every column is necessarily in a column
+ group.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>Row groups</a> cannot overlap each other. Similarly, <a href=#concept-column-group title=concept-column-group>column groups</a> cannot overlap each other.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> cannot cover slots that are from two or more <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>row groups</a>. It is, however, possible for a cell to be in multiple
+ <a href=#concept-column-group title=concept-column-group>column groups</a>. All the slots that form part of one cell
+ are part of zero or one <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>row groups</a> and zero or more <a href=#concept-column-group title=concept-column-group>column groups</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>In addition to <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cells</a>, <a href=#concept-column title=concept-column>columns</a>, <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>rows</a>, <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>row groups</a>, and <a href=#concept-column-group title=concept-column-group>column
+ groups</a>, <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>tables</a> can have a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element
+ associated with them. This gives the table a heading, or legend.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=table-model-error>table model error</dfn> is an error with the data represented by <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>
+ elements and their descendants. Documents must not have table model errors.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=forming-a-table><span class=secno>4.9.12.1 </span>Forming a table</h5>
+
+ <p>To determine which elements correspond to which slots in a <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a> associated with a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, to determine the
+ dimensions of the table (<var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var> and <var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var>), and to determine if there are any <a href=#table-model-error title="table model
+ error">table model errors</a>, user agents must use the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+ <p>Let <var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var> be zero.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>Let <var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var> be zero.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">pending <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements</var> be a list of <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>
+ elements, initially empty.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">the table</var> be the <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a> represented
+ by the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element. The <var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var> and <var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var> variables give <var title="">the table</var>'s
+ dimensions. <var title="">The table</var> is initially empty.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- this step is here just so that we can be sure to have a first element in the next step, so
+ that we can set up the "advance" exception-handling thingy below; otherwise it'd be more
+ complicated. it's not a perf optimization per se. -->
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element has no children elements, then return <var title="">the
+ table</var> (which will be empty), and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Associate the first <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element with
+ <var title="">the table</var>. If there are no such children, then it has no associated
+ <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the <var title="">current element</var> be the first element child of the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If a step in this algorithm ever requires the <var title="">current element</var> to be <dfn id=concept-table-advance title=concept-table-advance>advanced to the next child of the <code>table</code></dfn> when
+ there is no such next child, then the user agent must jump to the step labeled <i>end</i>, near
+ the end of this algorithm.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>While the <var title="">current element</var> is not one of the following elements, <a href=#concept-table-advance title=concept-table-advance>advance</a> the <var title="">current element</var> to the next
+ child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code></li>
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">current element</var> is a <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>, follow these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p><i>Column groups</i>: Process the <var title="">current element</var> according to the
+ appropriate case below:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <var title="">current element</var> has any <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element children</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Follow these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">x<sub title="">start</sub></var> have the value of <span title=""><var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var></span>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the <var title="">current column</var> be the first <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element child
+ of the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Columns</i>: If the <var title="">current column</var> <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element has
+ a <code title=attr-col-span><a href=#attr-col-span>span</a></code> attribute, then parse its value using the
+ <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the result of parsing the value is not an error or zero, then let <var title="">span</var> be that value.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-col-span><a href=#attr-col-span>span</a></code> attribute, or if trying to parse the attribute's value
+ resulted in an error or zero, then let <var title="">span</var> be 1.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Increase <var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var> by <var title="">span</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the last <var title="">span</var> <a href=#concept-column title=concept-column>columns</a> in
+ <var title="">the table</var> correspond to the <var title="">current column</var>
+ <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">current column</var> is not the last <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element child of
+ the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element, then let the <var title="">current column</var> be the
+ next <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element child of the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element, and return to
+ the step labeled <i>columns</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let all the last <a href=#concept-column title=concept-column>columns</a> in <var title="">the
+ table</var> from <span title="">x=<var title="">x<sub title="">start</sub></var></span> to
+ <span title="">x=<var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var>-1</span> form a new <a href=#concept-column-group title=concept-column-group>column group</a>, anchored at the slot (<var title="">x<sub title="">start</sub></var>, 0), with width <span title=""><var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var>-<var title="">x<sub title="">start</sub></var></span>, corresponding to the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the <var title="">current element</var> has no <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element children</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-colgroup-span><a href=#attr-colgroup-span>span</a></code>
+ attribute, then parse its value using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative
+ integers</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the result of parsing the value is not an error or zero, then let <var title="">span</var> be that value.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-colgroup-span><a href=#attr-colgroup-span>span</a></code> attribute, or if trying to parse the attribute's
+ value resulted in an error or zero, then let <var title="">span</var> be 1.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Increase <var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var> by <var title="">span</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the last <var title="">span</var> <a href=#concept-column title=concept-column>columns</a> in
+ <var title="">the table</var> form a new <a href=#concept-column-group title=concept-column-group>column
+ group</a>, anchored at the slot (<span title=""><var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var>-<var title="">span</var></span>, 0), with width <var title="">span</var>, corresponding to the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#concept-table-advance title=concept-table-advance>Advance</a> the <var title="">current element</var>
+ to the next child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>While the <var title="">current element</var> is not one of the following elements, <a href=#concept-table-advance title=concept-table-advance>advance</a> the <var title="">current element</var> to the
+ next child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code></li>
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">current element</var> is a <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element, jump to the
+ step labeled <i>column groups</i> above.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var> be zero.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the <var title="">list of downward-growing cells</var> be an empty list.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Rows</i>: While the <var title="">current element</var> is not one of the following
+ elements, <a href=#concept-table-advance title=concept-table-advance>advance</a> the <var title="">current
+ element</var> to the next child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code></li>
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">current element</var> is a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>, then run the <a href=#algorithm-for-processing-rows>algorithm
+ for processing rows</a>, <a href=#concept-table-advance title=concept-table-advance>advance</a> the <var title="">current element</var> to the next child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, and return to the
+ step labeled <i>rows</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the <a href=#algorithm-for-ending-a-row-group>algorithm for ending a row group</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">current element</var> is a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>, then add that element to
+ the list of <var title="">pending <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements</var>, <a href=#concept-table-advance title=concept-table-advance>advance</a> the <var title="">current element</var> to the next
+ child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, and return to the step labeled <i>rows</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">current element</var> is either a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> or a
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Run the <a href=#algorithm-for-processing-row-groups>algorithm for processing row groups</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#concept-table-advance title=concept-table-advance>Advance</a> the <var title="">current element</var> to
+ the next child of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return to the step labeled <i>rows</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>End</i>: For each <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element in the list of <var title="">pending
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements</var>, in tree order, run the <a href=#algorithm-for-processing-row-groups>algorithm for processing row
+ groups</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there exists a <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>row</a> or <a href=#concept-column title=concept-column>column</a> in <var title="">the table</var> containing only <a href=#concept-slots title=concept-slots>slots</a> that do not have a <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a>
+ anchored to them, then this is a <a href=#table-model-error>table model error</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return <var title="">the table</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=algorithm-for-processing-row-groups>algorithm for processing row groups</dfn>, which is invoked by the set of steps above
+ for processing <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements, is:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">y<sub title="">start</sub></var> have the value of <var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element that is a child of the element being processed, in tree
+ order, run the <a href=#algorithm-for-processing-rows>algorithm for processing rows</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- if we added any rows, make them part of a row group -->
+ <p>If <span title=""><var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<var title="">y<sub title="">start</sub></var></span>, then let all the last <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>rows</a> in <var title="">the table</var> from <span title="">y=<var title="">y<sub title="">start</sub></var></span> to <span title="">y=<var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var>-1</span> form a new <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>row
+ group</a>, anchored at the slot with coordinate (0, <var title="">y<sub title="">start</sub></var>), with height <span title=""><var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var>-<var title="">y<sub title="">start</sub></var></span>, corresponding
+ to the element being processed.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the <a href=#algorithm-for-ending-a-row-group>algorithm for ending a row group</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=algorithm-for-ending-a-row-group>algorithm for ending a row group</dfn>, which is invoked by the set of steps above
+ when starting and ending a block of rows, is:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>While <var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var> is less than <var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var>, follow these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Run the <a href=#algorithm-for-growing-downward-growing-cells>algorithm for growing downward-growing cells</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Increase <var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var> by 1.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Empty the <var title="">list of downward-growing cells</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=algorithm-for-processing-rows>algorithm for processing rows</dfn>, which is invoked by the set of steps above for
+ processing <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements, is:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var> is equal to <var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var>, then increase <var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var> by
+ 1. (<var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var> is never <em>greater</em> than <var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var>.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var> be 0.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the <a href=#algorithm-for-growing-downward-growing-cells>algorithm for growing downward-growing cells</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element being processed has no <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code>
+ element children, then increase <var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var> by 1, abort
+ this set of steps, and return to the algorithm above.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">current cell</var> be the first <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element child
+ in the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element being processed.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Cells</i>: While <var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var> is less than <var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var> and the slot with coordinate (<var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var>, <var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var>) already has a
+ cell assigned to it, increase <var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var> by 1.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var> is equal to <var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var>, increase <var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var> by 1. (<var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var> is never <em>greater</em> than <var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var>.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">current cell</var> has a <code title=attr-tdth-colspan><a href=#attr-tdth-colspan>colspan</a></code>
+ attribute, then <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers title="rules for parsing non-negative integers">parse that attribute's
+ value</a>, and let <var title="">colspan</var> be the result.</p>
+
+ <p>If parsing that value failed, or returned zero, or if the attribute is absent, then let <var title="">colspan</var> be 1, instead.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">current cell</var> has a <code title=attr-tdth-rowspan><a href=#attr-tdth-rowspan>rowspan</a></code>
+ attribute, then <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers title="rules for parsing non-negative integers">parse that attribute's
+ value</a>, and let <var title="">rowspan</var> be the result.</p>
+
+ <p>If parsing that value failed or if the attribute is absent, then let <var title="">rowspan</var> be 1, instead.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">rowspan</var> is zero and the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not set to <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, then let <var title="">cell grows
+ downward</var> be true, and set <var title="">rowspan</var> to 1. Otherwise, let <var title="">cell grows downward</var> be false.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <span title=""><var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var>+<var title="">colspan</var></span>, then let <var title="">x<sub title="">width</sub></var> be <span title=""><var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var>+<var title="">colspan</var></span>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <span title=""><var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var>+<var title="">rowspan</var></span>, then let <var title="">y<sub title="">height</sub></var> be <span title=""><var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var>+<var title="">rowspan</var></span>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the slots with coordinates (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) such that <span title=""><var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">x</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var>+<var title="">colspan</var></span> and <span title=""><var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">y</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var>+<var title="">rowspan</var></span> be covered by a
+ new <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> <var title="">c</var>, anchored at (<var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var>, <var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var>),
+ which has width <var title="">colspan</var> and height <var title="">rowspan</var>,
+ corresponding to the <var title="">current cell</var> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">current cell</var> element is a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element, let this new
+ cell <var title="">c</var> be a header cell; otherwise, let it be a data cell.</p>
+
+ <p>To establish which header cells apply to the <var title="">current cell</var> element, use
+ the <a href=#algorithm-for-assigning-header-cells>algorithm for assigning header cells</a> described in the next section.</p>
+
+ <p>If any of the slots involved already had a <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> covering
+ them, then this is a <a href=#table-model-error>table model error</a>. Those slots now have two cells
+ overlapping.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">cell grows downward</var> is true, then add the tuple {<var title="">c</var>, <var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var>, <var title="">colspan</var>}
+ to the <var title="">list of downward-growing cells</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Increase <var title="">x<sub title="">current</sub></var> by <var title="">colspan</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">current cell</var> is the last <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element child in
+ the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element being processed, then increase <var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var> by 1, abort this set of steps, and return to the algorithm
+ above.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">current cell</var> be the next <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element child
+ in the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element being processed.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return to the step labeled <i>cells</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the algorithms above require the user agent to run the <dfn id=algorithm-for-growing-downward-growing-cells>algorithm for growing
+ downward-growing cells</dfn>, the user agent must, for each {<var title="">cell</var>, <var title="">cell<sub title="">x</sub></var>, <var title="">width</var>} tuple in the <var title="">list of downward-growing cells</var>, if any, extend the <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> <var title="">cell</var> so that it also covers the slots with
+ coordinates (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y<sub title="">current</sub></var>), where <span title=""><var title="">cell<sub title="">x</sub></var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">x</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<var title="">cell<sub title="">x</sub></var>+<var title="">width</var></span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=header-and-data-cell-semantics><span class=secno>4.9.12.2 </span>Forming relationships between data cells and header cells</h5>
+
+ <p>Each cell can be assigned zero or more header cells. The <dfn id=algorithm-for-assigning-header-cells>algorithm for assigning header
+ cells</dfn> to a cell <var title="">principal cell</var> is as follows.</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- INITIALIZATION --><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">header list</var> be an empty list of cells.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let (<var title="">principal<sub title="">x</sub></var>, <var title="">principal<sub title="">y</sub></var>) be the coordinate of the slot to which the <var title="">principal
+ cell</var> is anchored.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <var title="">principal cell</var> has a <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code> attribute specified</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- HEADERS="" -->
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Take the value of the <var title="">principal cell</var>'s <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code> attribute and <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on
+ spaces">split it on spaces</a>, letting <var title="">id list</var> be the list of tokens
+ obtained.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- support headers="" on <td> element for legacy compat -->
+ <!-- note that it's not conforming though -->
+ <p>For each token in the <var title="">id list</var>, if the
+ first element in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> with an <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> equal to
+ the token is a cell in the same <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a>, and that cell is not the
+ <var title="">principal cell</var>, then add that cell to <var title="">header list</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">principal cell</var> does not have a <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code> attribute specified</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">principal<sub title="">width</sub></var> be the width of the <var title="">principal cell</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">principal<sub title="">height</sub></var> be the height of the <var title="">principal cell</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+
+ <!-- HORIZONTAL -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each value of <var title="">y</var> from <var title="">principal<sub title="">y</sub></var> to <span title=""><var title="">principal<sub title="">y</sub></var>+<var title="">principal<sub title="">height</sub></var>-1</span>, run
+ the <a href=#internal-algorithm-for-scanning-and-assigning-header-cells>internal algorithm for scanning and assigning header cells</a>, with the <var title="">principal cell</var>, the <var title="">header list</var>, the initial coordinate
+ (<var title="">principal<sub title="">x</sub></var>,<var title="">y</var>), and the
+ increments <span title="">&Delta;<var title="">x</var>=&minus;1</span> and <span title="">&Delta;<var title="">y</var>=0</span>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+
+ <!-- VERTICAL -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each value of <var title="">x</var> from <var title="">principal<sub title="">x</sub></var> to <span title=""><var title="">principal<sub title="">x</sub></var>+<var title="">principal<sub title="">width</sub></var>-1</span>, run
+ the <a href=#internal-algorithm-for-scanning-and-assigning-header-cells>internal algorithm for scanning and assigning header cells</a>, with the <var title="">principal cell</var>, the <var title="">header list</var>, the initial coordinate
+ (<var title="">x</var>,<var title="">principal<sub title="">y</sub></var>), and the
+ increments <span title="">&Delta;<var title="">x</var>=0</span> and <span title="">&Delta;<var title="">y</var>=&minus;1</span>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+
+ <!-- ROW GROUP HEADERS -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">principal cell</var> is anchored in a <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>row group</a>, then add all header cells that are <a href=#row-group-header title="row group header">row group headers</a> and are anchored in the same row group
+ with an <var title="">x</var>-coordinate less than or equal to <span title=""><var title="">principal<sub title="">x</sub></var>+<var title="">principal<sub title="">width</sub></var>-1</span> and a <var title="">y</var>-coordinate less than or
+ equal to <span title=""><var title="">principal<sub title="">y</sub></var>+<var title="">principal<sub title="">height</sub></var>-1</span> to <var title="">header
+ list</var>.</p>
+
+ <!-- this might introduce principal accidentally; fixed below -->
+
+ </li>
+
+
+ <!-- COLUMN GROUP HEADERS -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">principal cell</var> is anchored in a <a href=#concept-column-group title=concept-column-group>column group</a>, then add all header cells that are <a href=#column-group-header title="column group header">column group headers</a> and are anchored in the same column
+ group with an <var title="">x</var>-coordinate less than or equal to <span title=""><var title="">principal<sub title="">x</sub></var>+<var title="">principal<sub title="">width</sub></var>-1</span> and a <var title="">y</var>-coordinate less than or
+ equal to <span title=""><var title="">principal<sub title="">y</sub></var>+<var title="">principal<sub title="">height</sub></var>-1</span> to <var title="">header
+ list</var>.</p>
+
+ <!-- this might introduce principal accidentally; fixed below -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+
+ <!--CLEANING UP-->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Remove all the <a href=#empty-cell title="empty cell">empty cells</a> from the <var title="">header
+ list</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Remove any duplicates from the <var title="">header list</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Remove <var title="">principal cell</var> from the <var title="">header list</var> if it is
+ there.</p> <!-- see "might introduce principal accidentally" above -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Assign the headers in the <var title="">header list</var> to the <var title="">principal
+ cell</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=internal-algorithm-for-scanning-and-assigning-header-cells>internal algorithm for scanning and assigning header cells</dfn>, given a <var title="">principal cell</var>, a <var title="">header list</var>, an initial coordinate (<var title="">initial<sub title="">x</sub></var>, <var title="">initial<sub title="">y</sub></var>),
+ and &Delta;<var title="">x</var> and &Delta;<var title="">y</var> increments, is as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">x</var> equal <var title="">initial<sub title="">x</sub></var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">y</var> equal <var title="">initial<sub title="">y</sub></var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">opaque headers</var> be an empty list of cells.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">principal cell</var> is a header cell</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">in header block</var> be true, and let <var title="">headers from
+ current header block</var> be a list of cells containing just the <var title="">principal
+ cell</var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">in header block</var> be false and let <var title="">headers from
+ current header block</var> be an empty list of cells.</p>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Loop</i>: Increment <var title="">x</var> by &Delta;<var title="">x</var>; increment <var title="">y</var> by &Delta;<var title="">y</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For each invocation of this algorithm, one of &Delta;<var title="">x</var> and
+ &Delta;<var title="">y</var> will be &minus;1, and the other will be 0.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If either <var title="">x</var> or <var title="">y</var> is less than 0, then abort this
+ internal algorithm.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is no cell covering slot (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>), or if there
+ is more than one cell covering slot (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>), return to
+ the substep labeled <i>loop</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">current cell</var> be the cell covering slot (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">current cell</var> is a header cell</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set <var title="">in header block</var> to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">current cell</var> to <var title="">headers from current header
+ block</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">blocked</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If &Delta;<var title="">x</var> is 0</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If there are any cells in the <var title="">opaque headers</var> list anchored with the
+ same <var title="">x</var>-coordinate as the <var title="">current cell</var>, and with
+ the same width as <var title="">current cell</var>, then let <var title="">blocked</var>
+ be true.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">current cell</var> is not a <a href=#column-header>column header</a>, then let
+ <var title="">blocked</var> be true.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If &Delta;<var title="">y</var> is 0</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If there are any cells in the <var title="">opaque headers</var> list anchored with the
+ same <var title="">y</var>-coordinate as the <var title="">current cell</var>, and with
+ the same height as <var title="">current cell</var>, then let <var title="">blocked</var>
+ be true.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">current cell</var> is not a <a href=#row-header>row header</a>, then let <var title="">blocked</var> be true.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">blocked</var> is false, then add the <var title="">current cell</var>
+ to the <var title="">headers list</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">current cell</var> is a data cell and <var title="">in header block</var> is true</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Set <var title="">in header block</var> to false. Add all the cells in <var title="">headers from current header block</var> to the <var title="">opaque headers</var>
+ list, and empty the <var title="">headers from current header block</var> list.</p>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>A header cell anchored at the slot with coordinate (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) with width <var title="">width</var> and height <var title="">height</var> is
+ said to be a <dfn id=column-header>column header</dfn> if any of the following conditions are true:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The cell's <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-th-scope-col title=attr-th-scope-col>column</a> state, or</li>
+
+ <li>The cell's <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-th-scope-auto title=attr-th-scope-auto>auto</a> state, and there are no data cells in any of the cells
+ covering slots with <var title="">y</var>-coordinates <var title="">y</var> .. <span title=""><var title="">y</var>+<var title="">height</var>-1</span>.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>A header cell anchored at the slot with coordinate (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) with width <var title="">width</var> and height <var title="">height</var> is
+ said to be a <dfn id=row-header>row header</dfn> if any of the following conditions are true:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The cell's <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-th-scope-row title=attr-th-scope-row>row</a> state, or</li>
+
+ <li>The cell's <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-th-scope-auto title=attr-th-scope-auto>auto</a> state, the cell is not a <a href=#column-header>column header</a>, and
+ there are no data cells in any of the cells covering slots with <var title="">x</var>-coordinates
+ <var title="">x</var> .. <span title=""><var title="">x</var>+<var title="">width</var>-1</span>.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>A header cell is said to be a <dfn id=column-group-header>column group header</dfn> if its <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-th-scope-colgroup title=attr-th-scope-colgroup>column
+ group</a> state.</p>
+
+ <p>A header cell is said to be a <dfn id=row-group-header>row group header</dfn> if its <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-th-scope-rowgroup title=attr-th-scope-rowgroup>row
+ group</a> state.</p>
+
+ <p>A cell is said to be an <dfn id=empty-cell>empty cell</dfn> if it contains no elements and its text content,
+ if any, consists only of <a href=#white_space>White_Space</a> characters.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=table-sorting-model><span class=secno>4.9.13 </span><dfn>Table sorting model</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-table-sortable title=attr-table-sortable><code>sortable</code></dfn> attribute on
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a>. When present, it indicates that
+ the user agent is to <a href=#sortable-ui>allow the user to sort</a> the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>To make a column sortable in a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> with a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, the column needs
+ to have <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element that does not <a href=#attr-tdth-colspan title=attr-tdth-colspan>span multiple
+ columns</a> in a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> above any rows that it is to sort.</p>
+
+ <p>To make a column sortable in a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> without a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, the column
+ needs to have <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element that does not <a href=#attr-tdth-colspan title=attr-tdth-colspan>span multiple
+ columns</a> in the first <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, where that
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element is not in a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user selects a column by which to sort, the user agent sets the <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code>
+ element's <dfn id=attr-th-sorted title=attr-th-sorted><code>sorted</code></dfn> attribute. This attribute can also
+ be set manually, to indicate that the table should be automatically sorted, even when scripts
+ modify the page on when the page is loaded.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that
+ is a <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>set of space-separated tokens</a> consisting of optionally a token whose value is an
+ <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<dfn id=attr-th-sorted-reversed title=attr-th-sorted-reversed><code>reversed</code></dfn>", and optionally a token whose value
+ is a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero, in either order.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In other words, ignoring spaces and case, the <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute's value can be empty, "<code title="">reversed</code>", "<code title="">1</code>", "<code title="">reversed 1</code>", or
+ "<code title="">1 reversed</code>", where "1" is any number equal to or greater than 1.</p>
+
+ <p>While one or more <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements in the table have a <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute, the user agent will keep the table's data rows
+ sorted. The value of the attribute controls how the column is used in determining the sort order.
+ The <code title=attr-th-sorted-reversed><a href=#attr-th-sorted-reversed>reversed</a></code> keyword means that the <dfn id=column-sort-direction>column sort
+ direction</dfn> is <i>reversed</i>, rather than <i>normal</i>, which is the default if the keyword
+ is omitted. The number, if present, indicates the <dfn id=column-key-ordinality>column key ordinality</dfn>; if the number
+ is omitted, the column is the primary key, as if the value 1 had been specified.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Thus, <code title="">sorted="1"</code> indicates the table's primary key, <code title="">sorted="2"</code> its secondary key, and so forth.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <dfn id=sorting-capable-th-element>sorting-capable <code>th</code> element</dfn> is a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element that matches
+ all the following conditions simultaneously:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>It corresponds to a <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> whose <i>width</i> is 1.
+ (Specifically, a <i>header cell</i>, since this is a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>There is no <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> that corresponds to another
+ <a href=#sorting-capable-th-element>sorting-capable <code>th</code> element</a> that covers slots in the same <a href=#concept-column title=concept-column>column</a> but on a higher (earlier) <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>row</a>.</li> <!-- only matters if there's a <thead> element -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a>'s <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a> has
+ a <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>row group</a> corresponding to a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>
+ element, the <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> is in a <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>row
+ group</a> that corresponds to the <em>first</em> <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element of the <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a>'s <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise: the <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> is not in a <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>row group</a> corresponding to a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, and
+ the <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> is in the first <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>row</a>
+ of the <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>In other words, each <a href=#concept-column title=concept-column>column</a> can have one
+ <a href=#sorting-capable-th-element>sorting-capable <code>th</code> element</a>; this will be the highest <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> in
+ a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> that spans no other columns, or, if there is no <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, the
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> in the first row (that is not in a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>), assuming it spans no
+ columns.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=sorting-capable-th-elements-of-the-table-element>sorting-capable <code>th</code> elements of the <code>table</code> element</dfn> <var title="">table</var> are the <a href=#sorting-capable-th-element title="sorting-capable th element">sorting-capable
+ <code>th</code> elements</a> whose <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a>'s <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a> is <var title="">table</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element <var title="">table</var> is a <dfn id=sorting-capable-table-element>sorting-capable
+ <code>table</code> element</dfn> if there are one or more <a href=#sorting-capable-th-elements-of-the-table-element>sorting-capable <code>th</code>
+ elements of the <code>table</code> element</a> <var title="">table</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element is a <dfn id=sorting-enabled-th-element>sorting-enabled <code>th</code> element</dfn> if it is a
+ <a href=#sorting-capable-th-element>sorting-capable <code>th</code> element</a> and it has a <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=sorting-enabled-th-elements-of-the-table-element>sorting-enabled <code>th</code> elements of the <code>table</code> element</dfn> <var title="">table</var> are the <a href=#sorting-enabled-th-element title="sorting-enabled th element">sorting-enabled
+ <code>th</code> elements</a> whose <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a>'s <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a> is <var title="">table</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element <var title="">table</var> is a <dfn id=sorting-enabled-table-element>sorting-enabled
+ <code>table</code> element</dfn> if there are one or more <a href=#sorting-capable-th-elements-of-the-table-element>sorting-capable <code>th</code>
+ elements of the <code>table</code> element</a> <var title="">table</var>, and at least one of
+ them is a <a href=#sorting-enabled-th-element>sorting-enabled <code>th</code> element</a> (i.e. at least one has a <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute).</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element is a <dfn id=table-element-with-a-user-agent-exposed-sorting-interface><code>table</code> element with a user-agent exposed
+ sorting interface</dfn> if it is a <a href=#sorting-capable-table-element>sorting-capable <code>table</code> element</a> and has
+ a <code title=attr-table-sortable><a href=#attr-table-sortable>sortable</a></code> attribute specified.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=sorting-interface-th-element>sorting interface <code>th</code> element</dfn> is a <a href=#sorting-capable-th-element>sorting-capable
+ <code>th</code> element</a> whose <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a>'s <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a> is a <a href=#table-element-with-a-user-agent-exposed-sorting-interface><code>table</code> element with a user-agent exposed
+ sorting interface</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Each <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element has a <dfn id=currently-sorting-flag>currently-sorting flag</dfn>, which must initially
+ be false.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute must not be specified on
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements that are not <a href=#sorting-capable-th-element title="sorting-capable th element">sorting-capable
+ <code>th</code> elements</a>. The <code title=attr-table-sortable><a href=#attr-table-sortable>sortable</a></code> attribute
+ must not be specified on <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements that are not <a href=#sorting-capable-table-element title="sorting-capable
+ table element">sorting-capable <code>table</code> elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>To determine a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element's <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute's
+ <a href=#column-sort-direction>column sort direction</a> and <a href=#column-key-ordinality>column key ordinality</a>, user agents must use
+ the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">direction</var> be <i>normal</i>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">have explicit direction</var> be false.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">ordinality</var> be 1.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">have explicit ordinality</var> be false.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">tokens</var> be the result of <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on
+ spaces">splitting the attribute's value on spaces</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each token <var title="">token</var> in <var title="">tokens</var>, run the appropriate
+ steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">have explicit direction</var> is false and <var title="">token</var> is an
+ <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title=attr-th-sorted-reversed><a href=#attr-th-sorted-reversed>reversed</a></code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">direction</var> be <i>reversed</i> and <var title="">have explicit
+ direction</var> be true.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">have explicit ordinality</var> is false</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#rules-for-parsing-integers title="rules for parsing integers">Parse <var title="">token</var> as an
+ integer</a>. If this resulted in an error or the value zero, then ignore the token.
+ Otherwise, set <var title="">ordinality</var> to the parsed value, and set <var title="">have
+ explicit ordinality</var> to true.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Ignore the token.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#column-sort-direction>column sort direction</a> is the value of <var title="">direction</var>, and
+ the <a href=#column-key-ordinality>column key ordinality</a> is the value of <var title="">ordinality</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> must not have two <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute have the same <a href=#column-key-ordinality>column key
+ ordinality</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=table-sorting-algorithm>table sorting algorithm</dfn>, which is applied to a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, is as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">table</var> be the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element being sorted.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">table</var>'s <a href=#currently-sorting-flag>currently-sorting flag</a> is true, then abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">table</var>'s <a href=#currently-sorting-flag>currently-sorting flag</a> to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-sort><a href=#event-sort>sort</a></code> that is
+ cancelable at <var title="">table</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the event fired in the previous step was canceled, then jump to the step labeled
+ <i>end</i> below.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">table</var> is not now a <a href=#sorting-enabled-table-element>sorting-enabled <code>table</code>
+ element</a>, then jump to the step labeled <i>end</i> below.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Even if <var title="">table</var> was a <a href=#sorting-enabled-table-element>sorting-enabled <code>table</code>
+ element</a> when the algorithm was invoked, the DOM might have been entirely changed by the
+ event handlers for the <code title=event-sort><a href=#event-sort>sort</a></code> event, so this has to be verified at
+ this stage, not earlier.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">key heading cells</var> be the <a href=#sorting-enabled-th-elements-of-the-table-element>sorting-enabled <code>th</code>
+ elements of the <code>table</code> element</a> <var title="">table</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Sort <var title="">key heading cells</var> in ascending order of the <a href=#column-key-ordinality>column key
+ ordinality</a> of their <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attributes, with those
+ having the same <a href=#column-key-ordinality>column key ordinality</a> being sorted in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">row collection cursor</var> be a pointer to an element, initially pointing
+ at the first child of <var title="">table</var> that is after <var title="">table</var>'s first
+ <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, if any, and that is either a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> or a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ element, assuming there is one. If there is no such child, then jump to the step labeled
+ <i>end</i> below.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">table</var> has no <a href=#concept-row-group title=concept-row-group>row group</a>
+ corresponding to a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element, then set <var title="">ignore first group</var> to
+ true. Otherwise, set it to false.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Row loop</i>: Let <var title="">rows</var> be an empty list of <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ elements.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the appropriate steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">row collection cursor</var> points to a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p><i>Collect</i>: Append the element pointed to by <var title="">row collection
+ cursor</var> to <var title="">rows</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there are no <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> children of <var title="">table</var> that are later siblings of the element pointed to by <var title="">row
+ collection cursor</var>, or if the next such child is a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element, then jump
+ to the step labeled <i>group</i> below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">row collection cursor</var> point to the next <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> child
+ of <var title="">table</var> that is a later sibling of the element pointed to by <var title="">row collection cursor</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the step labeled <i>collect</i> above.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">row collection cursor</var> points to a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Place all the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element children of the element pointed to by <var title="">row collection cursor</var> into <var title="">rows</var>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">rows</var> is empty, jump to the step labeled <i>increment loop</i>
+ below.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Group</i>: Let <var title="">groups</var> be an empty list of groups of <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ elements.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">group</var> be an empty group of <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">group cursor</var> be a pointer to an element, initially pointing at the
+ first <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element in <var title="">rows</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Start group</i>: Let <var title="">pending rows in group</var> be 1.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Group loop</i>: Append the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element pointed to by <var title="">group
+ cursor</var> to <var title="">group</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there are any <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cells</a> whose highest <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>row</a>'s element is the one pointed to by <var title="">group
+ cursor</var>, then let <var title="">tallest height</var> be the number of rows covered by the
+ tallest such <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">tallest height</var> is greater than <var title="">pending rows in
+ group</var> then set <var title="">pending rows in group</var> to <var title="">tallest
+ height</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Decrement <var title="">pending rows in group</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">group cursor</var> point to the next <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element in <var title="">rows</var>, if any; otherwise, let it be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">group cursor</var> is not null and <var title="">pending rows in
+ group</var> is not zero, return to the step labeled <i>group loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a new group to <var title="">groups</var> consisting of the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ elements in <var title="">group</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Empty <var title="">group</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">group cursor</var> is not null, then return to the step labeled <i>start
+ group</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">ignore first group</var> is true, then drop the first group in <var title="">groups</var> and set <var title="">ignore first group</var> to false.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Drop leading header groups</i>: If <var title="">groups</var> is now empty, jump to the
+ step labeled <i>increment loop</i> below.</li>
+
+ <!-- if you insert steps here, update the next step -->
+
+ <li><p>If the first group of <var title="">groups</var> consists of <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements
+ whose element children are all <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements, then drop the first group in <var title="">groups</var> and return to the previous step (labeled <i>drop leading header
+ groups</i>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">insertion point</var> be a placeholder in a DOM tree, which can be used
+ to reinsert nodes at a specific point in the DOM. Insert <var title="">insertion point</var> into
+ the parent of the first <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element of the first group in <var title="">groups</var>,
+ immediately before that <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Sort the groups in <var title="">groups</var>, using the following algorithm to decide the
+ relative order of any two groups <var title="">a</var> and <var title="">b</var> (the algorithm
+ either returns that <var title="">a</var> comes before <var title="">b</var>, or that <var title="">b</var> comes before <var title="">a</var>):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">key index</var> be an index into <var title="">key heading
+ cells</var>, initially denoting the first element in the list.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">direction</var> be a sort direction, initially <i>ascending</i>. Its
+ other possible value is <i>descending</i>. When <var title="">direction</var> is
+ <i>toggled</i>, that means that if its value is <i>ascending</i>, it must be changed to
+ <i>descending</i>, and when its value is <i>descending</i>, it must be changed to
+ <i>ascending</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Column loop</i>: Let <var title="">th</var> be the <var title="">key index</var>th
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> in <var title="">key heading cells</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">th</var>'s <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute's
+ <a href=#column-sort-direction>column sort direction</a> is <i>reversed</i>, then toggle <var title="">direction</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">tentative order</var> be the result of <a href=#comparing-two-row-groups-using-the-th-element>comparing two row groups
+ using the <code>th</code> element</a> <var title="">th</var>, with <var title="">a</var> and
+ <var title="">b</var> as the rows.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">tentative order</var> is not "equal", then jump to the step labeled
+ <i>return</i> below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">key index</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">key index</var> still denotes a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element in <var title="">key heading cells</var>, then jump back to the step above labeled <i>column
+ loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">a</var>'s <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements precede <var title="">b</var>'s in
+ <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, then let <var title="">tentative order</var> be "a before b".
+ Otherwise, let <var title="">tentative order</var> be "b before a".</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Return</i>: Return the relative order given by the matching option from the following
+ list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">direction</var> is <i>ascending</i> and <var title="">tentative
+ order</var> is "a before b"</dt>
+
+ <dd>Return that <var title="">a</var> comes before <var title="">b</var>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">direction</var> is <i>ascending</i> and <var title="">tentative
+ order</var> is "b before a"</dt>
+
+ <dd>Return that <var title="">b</var> comes before <var title="">a</var>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">direction</var> is <i>descending</i> and <var title="">tentative
+ order</var> is "a before b"</dt>
+
+ <dd>Return that <var title="">b</var> comes before <var title="">a</var>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">direction</var> is <i>descending</i> and <var title="">tentative
+ order</var> is "b before a"</dt>
+
+ <dd>Return that <var title="">a</var> comes before <var title="">b</var>.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=comparing-two-row-groups-using-the-th-element title="comparing two row groups using the th
+ element">compare two row groups using the <code>th</code> element</dfn> <var title="">th</var>,
+ with <var title="">a</var> and <var title="">b</var> being the two row groups respectively, the
+ user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">x</var> be the <var title="">x</var>-coordinate of the slots that
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> covers in its <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">cell<sub title="">a</sub></var> be the element corresponding to the <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> in the first <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>row</a> of group
+ <var title="">a</var> that covers the slot in that <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>row</a> whose
+ <var title="">x</var>-coordinate is <var title="">x</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">cell<sub title="">b</sub></var> be the element corresponding to the <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> in the first <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>row</a> of group
+ <var title="">b</var> that covers the slot in that <a href=#concept-row title=concept-row>row</a> whose
+ <var title="">x</var>-coordinate is <var title="">x</var>.</p>
+
+ <!-- there can't be two cells that cover the slot, unusually, because the only way that can
+ happen is if there's a cell that's extended into this row from above, and the groups, by
+ virtue of the way they are created above, never have cells that extend into them from above.
+ -->
+
+ <p>In either case, if there's no <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cell</a> that actually covers
+ the slot, then use the value <i>null</i> instead.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">type<sub title="">a</sub></var> and <var title="">value<sub title="">a</sub></var> be
+ the <a href=#type-and-value-of-the-cell>type and value of the cell</a> <var title="">cell<sub title="">a</sub></var>, as defined
+ below.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">type<sub title="">b</sub></var> and <var title="">value<sub title="">b</sub></var> be
+ the <a href=#type-and-value-of-the-cell>type and value of the cell</a> <var title="">cell<sub title="">b</sub></var>, as defined
+ below.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=type-and-value-of-the-cell>type and value of the cell</dfn> <var title="">cell</var> are computed as follows.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">cell</var> is <i>null</i>, then the type is "string" and the value is
+ the empty string; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If, ignoring <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a> and nodes other than
+ <a href=#element>Element</a> and <a href=#text>Text</a> nodes, <var title="">cell</var> has only one child
+ and that child is a <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code> element, then the value is the value of that
+ <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code> element's <code title=attr-data-value><a href=#attr-data-value>value</a></code> attribute, if there is
+ one, or the empty string otherwise; the type is "string".</p>
+
+ <li><p>If, ignoring <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a> and nodes other than
+ <a href=#element>Element</a> and <a href=#text>Text</a> nodes, <var title="">cell</var> has only one child
+ and that child is a <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> element, then the value is the value of that
+ <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> element's <code title=attr-progress-value><a href=#attr-progress-value>value</a></code> attribute, if
+ there is one, or the empty string otherwise; the type is "string".</p>
+
+ <li><p>If, ignoring <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a> and nodes other than
+ <a href=#element>Element</a> and <a href=#text>Text</a> nodes, <var title="">cell</var> has only one child
+ and that child is a <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element, then the value is the value of that
+ <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element's <code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>value</a></code> attribute, if there is
+ one, or the empty string otherwise; the type is "string".</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If, ignoring <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a> and nodes other than
+ <a href=#element>Element</a> and <a href=#text>Text</a> nodes, <var title="">cell</var> has only one
+ child and that child is a <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element, then the value is the
+ <a href="#machine-readable-equivalent-of-the-element's-contents">machine-readable equivalent of the element's contents</a>, if any, and the type is
+ the kind of value that is thus obtained
+ (a <a href=#concept-month title=concept-month>month</a>,
+ a <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a>,
+ a <a href=#concept-yearless-date title=concept-yearless-date>yearless date</a>,
+ a <a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a>,
+ a <a href=#concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>local date and time</a>,
+ a <a href=#concept-timezone title=concept-timezone>time-zone offset</a>,
+ a <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a>,
+ a <a href=#concept-week title=concept-week>week</a>,
+ a year, or
+ a <a href=#concept-duration title=concept-duration>duration</a>);
+ abort these steps after completing this one.</p>
+
+ <p>If there is no machine-readable equivalent, then the type is "string" and the value is
+ the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>If the type is
+ a <a href=#concept-month title=concept-month>month</a>,
+ a <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a>,
+ a <a href=#concept-week title=concept-week>week</a>, or
+ a year,
+ then change the value to be the instant in time (with no time zone) that describes the
+ earliest moment that the value represents, and change the type to be
+ a <a href=#concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>local date and time</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if the cell was
+ <code>&lt;td&gt;&lt;time&gt;2011-11&lt;/time&gt;</code> then for sorting purposes the value is
+ interpreted as "2011-11-01T00:00:00.000" and the type is treated as a <a href=#concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>local date and time</a> rather than a <a href=#concept-month title=concept-month>month</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Similarly, if the cell was <code>&lt;td&gt;&lt;time
+ datetime="2014"&gt;MMXIV&lt;/time&gt;</code> then for sorting purposes the value is interpreted as
+ "2014-01-01T00:00:00.000" and the type is treated as a <a href=#concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>local date and time</a> rather than a year.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>The value is the element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code>. The type is "string".</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">type<sub title="">a</sub></var> and <var title="">type<sub title="">b</sub></var> are not
+ equal, then: return "a before b" if <var title="">type<sub title="">a</sub></var> is earlier in the
+ following list than <var title="">type<sub title="">b</sub></var>, otherwise, return "b before a";
+ then, abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li><a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#concept-yearless-date title=concept-yearless-date>yearless date</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>local date and time</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#concept-timezone title=concept-timezone>time-zone offset</a></li>
+ <li><a href=#concept-duration title=concept-duration>duration</a></li>
+ <li>"string"</li>
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">value<sub title="">a</sub></var> and <var title="">value<sub title="">b</sub></var> are
+ equal, then return "equal" and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">type<sub title="">a</sub></var> and <var title="">type<sub title="">b</sub></var> are not
+ "string", then: if <var title="">value<sub title="">a</sub></var> is earlier than <var title="">value<sub title="">b</sub></var> then return "a before b" and abort these steps, otherwise,
+ return "b before a" and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p>Values sort in their natural order, with the following additional constraints:</p>
+
+ <p>For <a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a> values, 00:00:00.000 is the earliest value and
+ 23:59:59.999 is the latest value.</p>
+
+ <p>For <a href=#concept-yearless-date title=concept-yearless-date>yearless date</a> values, 01-01 is the earliest
+ value and 12-31 is the latest value; 02-28 is earlier than 02-29 which is earlier than
+ 03-01.</p>
+
+ <p>Values that are <a href=#concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>local date and time</a> compare as
+ if they were in the same time zone.</p>
+
+ <!-- no ambiguity for <span title="concept-datetime">global date and time</span> -->
+
+ <p>For <a href=#concept-timezone title=concept-timezone>time-zone offset</a> values, -23:59 is the earliest
+ value and +23:59 is the latest value.</p>
+
+ <!-- MONTHS: <span title="concept-duration">duration</span> is unambiguous until we add months -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <!-- At this point we know that they are both strings and they're not equal. -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var> be the result of <a href=#parsing-the-sort-key>parsing the sort
+ key</a> <var title="">value<sub title="">a</sub></var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var> be the result of <a href=#parsing-the-sort-key>parsing the sort
+ key</a> <var title="">value<sub title="">b</sub></var>.</p>
+
+ <p>As described below, <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var> and <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var> are tuples consisting of a list of <var title="">n</var>
+ <i>numbers</i>, a list of <var title="">n</var> <i>number strings</i>, a list of <var title="">n</var>+1 <i>non-numeric strings</i>, and a list of 2<var title="">n</var>+1 <i>raw
+ strings</i>, for any non-negative integer value of <var title="">n</var> (zero or more).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">order</var> be the result of a <a href=#locale-specific-string-comparison>locale-specific string
+ comparison</a> of <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var>'s first <i>non-numeric
+ string</i> and <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>'s first <i>non-numeric string</i>,
+ in the context of <var title="">th</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">order</var> is not "equal" then return <var title="">order</var> and abort
+ these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var> and <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var> both have exactly one <i>number</i>, then run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var>'s <i>number</i> is less than <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>'s <i>number</i>, return "a before b".</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>'s <i>number</i> is less than <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var>'s <i>number</i>, return "b before a".</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">order</var> be the result of a <a href=#locale-specific-string-comparison>locale-specific string
+ comparison</a> of <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var>'s second <i>non-numeric
+ string</i> and <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>'s second <i>non-numeric
+ string</i>, in the context of <var title="">th</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">order</var> is not "equal" then return <var title="">order</var> and
+ abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">order</var> be the result of a <a href=#locale-specific-string-comparison>locale-specific string
+ comparison</a> of <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var>'s <i>number string</i> and
+ <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>'s <i>number string</i>, in the context of <var title="">th</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">order</var> is not "equal" then return <var title="">order</var> and
+ abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var> has zero <i>numbers</i> but <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var> has more than zero <i>numbers</i>, return "a before
+ b".</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var> has zero <i>numbers</i> but <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var> has more than zero <i>numbers</i>, return "b before
+ a".</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- either an=bn=0, an=1 bn>1, bn=1 an>1, or an and bn > 1. -->
+
+ <p>If <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var> has one <i>number</i>, return "a before
+ b".</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var> has one <i>number</i>, return "b before
+ a".</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- either an=bn=0, or an and bn > 1. -->
+
+ <p>If <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var> and <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var> have more than one <i>number</i>, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">count</var> be the smaller of the number of <i>numbers</i> in <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var> and the number of <i>numbers</i> in <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <i>number</i> in <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var> and <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var> from the first to the <var title="">count</var>th, in
+ order: if <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var>'s <i>number</i> is less than <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>'s <i>number</i>, then return "a before b" and abort
+ these steps; otherwise, if <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>'s <i>number</i> is
+ less than <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var>'s <i>number</i>, return "b before a"
+ and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var> has fewer <i>numbers</i> than <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>, return "a before b" and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var> has fewer <i>numbers</i> than <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var>, return "b before a" and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <!-- at this point, we know /a/ and /b/ have the same number of components -->
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">index</var> be zero.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>String loop</i>: Let <var title="">order</var> be the result of a <a href=#locale-specific-string-comparison>locale-specific
+ string comparison</a> of <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var>'s <var title="">index</var>th <i>number string</i> and <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>'s <var title="">index</var>th <i>number string</i>,
+ in the context of <var title="">th</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">order</var> is not "equal" then return <var title="">order</var> and
+ abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Increment <var title="">index</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">order</var> be the result of a <a href=#locale-specific-string-comparison>locale-specific string
+ comparison</a> of <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var>'s <var title="">index</var>th <i>separator string</i> and <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>'s <var title="">index</var>th <i>separator
+ string</i>, in the context of <var title="">th</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">order</var> is not "equal" then return <var title="">order</var> and
+ abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">index</var> is less than the number of <i>numbers</i> in <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var> and <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>, return
+ to the step labeled <i>string loop</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- at this point, we know /a/ and /b/ have the same number of components -->
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">index</var> be zero.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Final loop:</i> Let <var title="">order</var> be the result of a <a href=#raw-string-comparison>raw string
+ comparison</a> of <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var>'s <var title="">n</var>th
+ <i>raw string</i> and <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>'s <var title="">n</var>th
+ <i>raw string</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">order</var> is not "equal" then return <var title="">order</var> and abort
+ these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Increment <var title="">index</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">index</var> is less than the number of <i>raw strings</i> in <var title="">components<sub title="">a</sub></var> and <var title="">components<sub title="">b</sub></var>, return
+ to the step labeled <i>final loop</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return "equal".</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new order</var> be a list of <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements consisting of the
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements of all the groups in the newly ordered <var title="">groups</var>, with
+ the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements being in the same order as the groups to which they belong are in
+ <var title="">groups</var>, and the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements within each such group themselves
+ being ordered in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-node-remove title=concept-node-remove>Remove</a> all the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements in <var title="">new order</var> from their parents, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-node-insert title=concept-node-insert>Insert</a> all the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements in <var title="">new order</var> into the DOM at the location of <var title="">insertion point</var>, in
+ the order these elements are found in <var title="">new order</var>.</li>
+
+ <!-- done with this set of rows -->
+
+ <li><p>Remove <var title="">insertion point</var> from the DOM.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Increment loop</i>: If there are no <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> children of
+ <var title="">table</var> that are later siblings of the element pointed to by <var title="">row
+ collection cursor</var>, then jump to the step labeled <i>end</i> below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">row collection cursor</var> point to the next <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> child of <var title="">table</var> that is a later sibling of the element
+ pointed to by <var title="">row collection cursor</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the step labeled <i>row loop</i> above.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>End</i>: Set <var title="">table</var>'s <a href=#currently-sorting-flag>currently-sorting flag</a> to
+ false.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=parsing-the-sort-key title="parsing the sort key">parse the sort key</dfn> <var title="">value</var>, it must run the following steps. These return a tuple consisting of a list
+ of <var title="">n</var> <i>numbers</i>, a list of <var title="">n</var> <i>number strings</i>, a
+ list of <var title="">n</var>+1 <i>non-numeric strings</i>, and a list of 2<var title="">n</var>+1
+ <i>raw strings</i>, respectively, for any non-negative integer value of <var title="">n</var> (zero or
+ more).</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+ <p>Let <var title="">raw strings</var> be a list of strings initially containing just one entry, an empty string.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>Let <var title="">negatives prejudiced</var> be false.</p>
+ <p>Let <var title="">decimals prejudiced</var> be false.</p>
+ <p>Let <var title="">exponents prejudiced</var> be false.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>Let <var title="">buffer</var> be the empty string.</p>
+ <p>Let <var title="">index</var> be zero.</p>
+ <p>Let <var title="">mode</var> be "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-separator title="sort parser mode: separator">separator</a>".</p>
+
+ <p>When a subsequent step in this algorithm says to <dfn id=sort-parser-push-the-buffer title="sort parser push the
+ buffer">push the buffer</dfn>, the user agent must run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Add an entry to <var title="">raw strings</var> that consists of the value of <var title="">buffer</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add an entry to <var title="">raw strings</var> that is the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Decrement <var title="">index</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-separator title="sort parser mode: separator">separator</a>".</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>Let <var title="">checkpoint buffer</var> be the empty string.</p> <!-- actual value doesn't matter; it won't be used -->
+ <p>Let <var title="">checkpoint index</var> be zero.</p> <!-- actual value doesn't matter; it won't be used -->
+
+ <p>When a subsequent step in this algorithm says to <dfn id=sort-parser-checkpoint title="sort parser
+ checkpoint">checkpoint</dfn>, the user agent must run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <var title="">checkpoint buffer</var> to the value of <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ <li><p>Set the <var title="">checkpoint index</var> to the value of <var title="">index</var>.</p>
+ </ol><p>When a subsequent step in this algorithm says to <dfn id=sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the
+ checkpoint">push the checkpoint</dfn>, the user agent must run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Add an entry to <var title="">raw strings</var> that consists of the value of <var title="">checkpoint buffer</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add an entry to <var title="">raw strings</var> that is the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Decrement <var title="">index</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-separator title="sort parser mode: separator">separator</a>".</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run through the following steps repeatedly until the condition in the last step is met.</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p><i>Top of loop</i>: If <var title="">index</var> is equal to or greater than the number of
+ characters in <var title="">value</var>, let <var title="">c</var> be EOF. Otherwise, let <var title="">c</var> be the <var title="">index</var>th character in <var title="">value</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the appropriate steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> is "<dfn id=sort-parser-mode:-separator title="sort parser mode: separator">separator</dfn>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Run the appropriate substeps from the following list:</p>
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a <a href=#space-character>space character</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">negatives prejudiced</var> to false.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="">decimals prejudiced</var> to false.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="">exponents prejudiced</var> to false.</p>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to the last entry in <var title="">raw strings</var>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) and <var title="">negatives prejudiced</var> is false</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">buffer</var> to the value of <var title="">c</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-negative title="sort parser mode: negative">negative</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.) and <var title="">decimals prejudiced</var> is false</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">buffer</var> to the value of <var title="">c</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-leading-decimal title="sort parser mode: leading-decimal">leading-decimal</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII digit</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">buffer</var> to the value of <var title="">c</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-integral title="sort parser mode: integral">integral</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is an <a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">uppercase ASCII letter</a> or a <a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">exponents prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to the last entry in <var title="">raw strings</var>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is EOF</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Do nothing.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to the last entry in <var title="">raw strings</var>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> is "<dfn id=sort-parser-mode:-negative title="sort parser mode: negative">negative</dfn>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Run the appropriate substeps from the following list:</p>
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">negatives prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p>Append <var title="">buffer</var> to the last entry in <var title="">raw strings</var>.</p>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to the last entry in <var title="">raw strings</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-separator title="sort parser mode: separator">separator</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.) and <var title="">decimals prejudiced</var> is false</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-leading-decimal title="sort parser mode: leading-decimal">leading-decimal</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII digit</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-integral title="sort parser mode: integral">integral</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">buffer</var> to the last entry in <var title="">raw strings</var>.</p>
+ <p>Decrement <var title="">index</var> by one.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-separator title="sort parser mode: separator">separator</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> is "<dfn id=sort-parser-mode:-integral title="sort parser mode: integral">integral</dfn>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Run the appropriate substeps from the following list:</p>
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">negatives prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-buffer title="sort parser push the buffer">Push the buffer</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.) and <var title="">decimals prejudiced</var> is false</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-checkpoint title="sort parser checkpoint">Checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-decimal title="sort parser mode: decimal">decimal</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII digit</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to the last entry in <var title="">raw strings</var>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E character or a U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E character and <var title="">exponents prejudiced</var> is false</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-checkpoint title="sort parser checkpoint">Checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-exponent title="sort parser mode: exponent">exponent</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-buffer title="sort parser push the buffer">Push the buffer</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> is "<dfn id=sort-parser-mode:-leading-decimal title="sort parser mode: leading-decimal">leading-decimal</dfn>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Run the appropriate substeps from the following list:</p>
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">c</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII digit</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-decimal title="sort parser mode: decimal">decimal</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">buffer</var> to the last entry in <var title="">raw strings</var>.</p>
+ <p>Decrement <var title="">index</var> by one.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-separator title="sort parser mode: separator">separator</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> is "<dfn id=sort-parser-mode:-decimal title="sort parser mode: decimal">decimal</dfn>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Run the appropriate substeps from the following list:</p>
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">negatives prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-buffer title="sort parser push the buffer">Push the buffer</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.) and any of the characters in <var title="">value</var> past the <var title="">index</var>th character are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">decimals prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.) and none of the characters in <var title="">value</var> past the <var title="">index</var>th character are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-buffer title="sort parser push the buffer">Push the buffer</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII digit</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E character or a U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E character and <var title="">exponents prejudiced</var> is false</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-checkpoint title="sort parser checkpoint">Checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-exponent title="sort parser mode: exponent">exponent</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-buffer title="sort parser push the buffer">Push the buffer</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> is "<dfn id=sort-parser-mode:-exponent title="sort parser mode: exponent">exponent</dfn>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Run the appropriate substeps from the following list:</p>
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) and <var title="">negatives prejudiced</var> is false</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-exponent-negative title="sort parser mode: exponent-negative">exponent-negative</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">decimals prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII digit</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-exponent-number title="sort parser mode: exponent-number">exponent-number</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E character or a U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E character</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">exponents prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> is "<dfn id=sort-parser-mode:-exponent-negative title="sort parser mode: exponent-negative">exponent-negative</dfn>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Run the appropriate substeps from the following list:</p>
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">negatives prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">decimals prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII digit</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ <p>Set <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> to "<a href=#sort-parser-mode:-exponent-negative-number title="sort parser mode: exponent-negative-number">exponent-negative-number</a>".</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E character or a U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E character</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">exponents prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> is "<dfn id=sort-parser-mode:-exponent-number title="sort parser mode: exponent-number">exponent-number</dfn>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Run the appropriate substeps from the following list:</p>
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">negatives prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-buffer title="sort parser push the buffer">Push the buffer</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">decimals prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII digit</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E character or a U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E character</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">exponents prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-buffer title="sort parser push the buffer">Push the buffer</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="sort parser mode">mode</var> is "<dfn id=sort-parser-mode:-exponent-negative-number title="sort parser mode: exponent-negative-number">exponent-negative-number</dfn>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Run the appropriate substeps from the following list:</p>
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">negatives prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.)</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">decimals prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is an <a href=#ascii-digits title="ASCII digits">ASCII digit</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Append <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">buffer</var>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>If <var title="">c</var> is a U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E character or a U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E character</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Set <var title="">exponents prejudiced</var> to true.</p>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-checkpoint title="sort parser push the checkpoint">Push the checkpoint</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#sort-parser-push-the-buffer title="sort parser push the buffer">Push the buffer</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Increment <var title="">index</var> by one.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">index</var> is greater than the number of characters in <var title="">value</var>, stop repeating these substeps and continue along the overall steps.
+ Otherwise, return to the step labeled <i>top of loop</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>Let <var title="">numbers</var> be an empty list.</p>
+ <p>Let <var title="">number strings</var> be an empty list.</p>
+ <p>Let <var title="">non-numeric strings</var> be an empty list.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each even-numbered entry in <var title="">raw strings</var>, in order, starting from the
+ first entry (numbered 0), append an entry to <var title="">non-numeric strings</var> that
+ consists of the result of <a href=#trimming-and-collapsing>trimming and collapsing</a> the value of the entry.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">raw strings</var> has more than one entry, then, for each odd-numbered entry
+ in <var title="">raw strings</var>, in order, starting from the second entry (numbered 1),
+ append an entry to <var title="">number strings</var> that consists of the value of the entry,
+ and append an entry to <var title="">number strings</var> that consists of the result of parsing
+ the value of the entry using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing floating-point number
+ values</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return <var title="">numbers</var>, <var title="">number strings</var>, <var title="">non-numeric strings</var>, and <var title="">raw strings</var> respectively.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the user agent is required by the step above to perform a <dfn id=locale-specific-string-comparison>locale-specific string
+ comparison</dfn> of two strings <var title="">a</var> and <var title="">b</var> in the context of
+ an element <var title="">e</var>, the user agent must apply the Unicode Collation Algorithm, using
+ the Default Unicode Collation Element Table as customised for the <a href=#language>language</a> of the
+ element <var title="">e</var> in the Common Locale Data Repository, to the strings <var title="">a</var> and <var title="">b</var>, ignoring case. If the result of this algorithm places
+ <var title="">a</var> first, then return "a before b"; if it places <var title="">b</var> first,
+ then return "b before a"; otherwise, if they compare as equal, then return "equal". <a href=#refsUCA>[UCA]</a> <a href=#refsCLDR>[CLDR]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is required by the step above to perform a <dfn id=raw-string-comparison>raw string comparison</dfn>
+ of two strings <var title="">a</var> and <var title="">b</var>, the user agent must apply the
+ Unicode Collation Algorithm, using the Default Unicode Collation Element Table without
+ customizations, to the strings <var title="">a</var> and <var title="">b</var>. If the result of
+ this algorithm places <var title="">a</var> first, then return "a before b"; if it places <var title="">b</var> first, then return "b before a"; otherwise, if they compare as equal, then return
+ "equal". <a href=#refsUCA>[UCA]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Where the steps above refer to <dfn id=trimming-and-collapsing>trimming and collapsing</dfn> a string <var title="">value</var>, it means running the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace>Strip leading and trailing whitespace</a> from <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace any sequence of one or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>
+ in <var title="">value</var> with a single U+0020 SPACE character.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>When any of the descendants of a <a href=#sorting-enabled-table-element>sorting-enabled <code>table</code> element</a> change
+ in any way (including attributes changing), and when a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element becomes a
+ <a href=#sorting-enabled-table-element>sorting-enabled <code>table</code> element</a>, the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element is said to
+ become <dfn id=a-table-with-a-pending-sort>a table with a pending sort</dfn>. When a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element becomes <a href=#a-table-with-a-pending-sort>a
+ table with a pending sort</a>, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-microtask>queue a microtask</a> that applies
+ the <a href=#table-sorting-algorithm>table sorting algorithm</a> to that <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, and then flags the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> as no longer being <a href=#a-table-with-a-pending-sort>a table with a pending sort</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=set-the-sort-key>set the sort key</dfn> to a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element <var title="">target</var>, it must run the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">table</var> be the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> of the <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a> of which <var title="">target</var> is a header cell.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> is a <a href=#sorting-enabled-th-element>sorting-enabled <code>th</code> element</a> whose
+ <a href=#column-key-ordinality>column key ordinality</a> is 1, then: if its <a href=#column-sort-direction>column sort direction</a> is
+ <i>normal</i>, set that element's <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute to the
+ string "<code title="">reversed</code>", otherwise, set it to the empty string; then, abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current headers</var> be the <a href=#sorting-enabled-th-elements-of-the-table-element>sorting-enabled <code>th</code>
+ elements of the <code>table</code> element</a> <var title="">table</var>, excluding <var title="">target</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Sort <var title="">current headers</var> by their <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attributes' <a href=#column-key-ordinality>column key ordinality</a>, in ascending
+ order, with elements that have the same <a href=#column-key-ordinality>column key ordinality</a> being sorted in
+ <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">level</var> be 2.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element <var title="">th</var> in <var title="">current
+ headers</var>, in order, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">th</var>'s <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute's
+ <a href=#column-sort-direction>column sort direction</a> is <i>normal</i>, then set <var title="">th</var>'s <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute to a <a href=#valid-integer>valid integer</a> whose value is
+ <var title="">level</var>. Otherwise, set it to the concatenation of the string "<code title="">reversed</code>", a U+0020 SPACE character, and a <a href=#valid-integer>valid integer</a> whose
+ value is <var title="">level</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">level</var> by 1.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">target</var>'s <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute to
+ the empty string.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> of a <a href=#sorting-interface-th-element>sorting interface <code>th</code>
+ element</a> is to <a href=#set-the-sort-key>set the sort key</a> to the <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> will be sorted the next time the user agent <a href=#perform-a-microtask-checkpoint title="perform a microtask checkpoint">performs a microtask checkpoint</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">th</var> . <code title=dom-th-sort><a href=#dom-th-sort>sort</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Act as if the user had indicated that this was to be the new primary sort column.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> won't actually be sorted until the script terminates.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">table</var> . <code title=dom-table-stopSorting><a href=#dom-table-stopsorting>stopSorting</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Removes all the <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attributes that are causing the
+ table to automatically sort its contents, if any.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element's <dfn id=dom-th-sort title=dom-th-sort><code>sort()</code></dfn> method, when
+ invoked, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element is not a <a href=#sorting-capable-th-element>sorting-capable <code>th</code>
+ element</a>, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#set-the-sort-key>Set the sort key</a> to the <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> will be sorted the next time the user agent <a href=#perform-a-microtask-checkpoint title="perform a microtask checkpoint">performs a microtask checkpoint</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element's <dfn id=dom-table-stopsorting title=dom-table-stopSorting><code>stopSorting()</code></dfn> method, when invoked, must remove
+ the <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code> attribute of all the <a href=#sorting-enabled-th-elements-of-the-table-element>sorting-enabled
+ <code>th</code> elements of the table element</a> on which the method was invoked.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=table-examples><span class=secno>4.9.14 </span>Examples</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The following shows how might one mark up the bottom part of table 45 of the <cite>Smithsonian
+ physical tables, Volume 71</cite>:</p>
+
+ <!-- Smithsonian physical tables, Volume 71: By Smithsonian Institution, Frederick Eugene Fowle; page 76 -->
+ <!-- from the reprint of the seventh revised edition; publication 2539, published 1921 -->
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;caption&gt;Specification values: &lt;b&gt;Steel&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;b&gt;Castings&lt;/b&gt;,
+ Ann. A.S.T.M. A27-16, Class B;* P max. 0.06; S max. 0.05.&lt;/caption&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th rowspan=2&gt;Grade.&lt;/th&gt;
+ &lt;th rowspan=2&gt;Yield Point.&lt;/th&gt;
+ &lt;th colspan=2&gt;Ultimate tensile strength&lt;/th&gt;
+ &lt;th rowspan=2&gt;Per cent elong. 50.8mm or 2 in.&lt;/th&gt;
+ &lt;th rowspan=2&gt;Per cent reduct. area.&lt;/th&gt;
+ &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;kg/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;lb/in&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/th&gt;
+ &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;/thead&gt;
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Hard&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;0.45 ultimate&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;56.2&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;80,000&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;15&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;20&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Medium&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;0.45 ultimate&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;49.2&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;70,000&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;18&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;25&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Soft&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;0.45 ultimate&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;42.2&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;60,000&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;22&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;30&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;/tbody&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This table could look like this:</p>
+
+ <table id=table-example-1><caption>Specification values: <b>Steel</b>, <b>Castings</b>,
+ Ann. A.S.T.M. A27-16, Class B;* P max. 0.06; S max. 0.05.</caption>
+ <thead><tr><th rowspan=2>Grade.</th>
+ <th rowspan=2>Yield Point.</th>
+ <th colspan=2>Ultimate tensile strength</th>
+ <th rowspan=2>Per cent elong. 50.8&nbsp;mm or&nbsp;2&nbsp;in.</th>
+ <th rowspan=2>Per cent reduct. area.</th>
+ <tr><th>kg/mm<sup>2</sup></th>
+ <th>lb/in<sup>2</sup></th>
+ <tbody><tr><td>Hard</td>
+ <td>0.45 ultimate</td>
+ <td>56.2</td>
+ <td>80,000</td>
+ <td>15</td>
+ <td>20</td>
+ <tr><td>Medium</td>
+ <td>0.45 ultimate</td>
+ <td>49.2</td>
+ <td>70,000</td>
+ <td>18</td>
+ <td>25</td>
+ <tr><td>Soft</td>
+ <td>0.45 ultimate</td>
+ <td>42.2</td>
+ <td>60,000</td>
+ <td>22</td>
+ <td>30</td>
+ </table><hr><p>The following shows how one might mark up the gross margin table on page 46 of Apple, Inc's
+ 10-K filing for fiscal year 2008:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;2008
+ &lt;th&gt;2007
+ &lt;th&gt;2006
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;Net sales
+ &lt;td&gt;$ 32,479
+ &lt;td&gt;$ 24,006
+ &lt;td&gt;$ 19,315
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;Cost of sales
+ &lt;td&gt; 21,334
+ &lt;td&gt; 15,852
+ &lt;td&gt; 13,717
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;Gross margin
+ &lt;td&gt;$ 11,145
+ &lt;td&gt;$ 8,154
+ &lt;td&gt;$ 5,598
+ &lt;tfoot&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;Gross margin percentage
+ &lt;td&gt;34.3%
+ &lt;td&gt;34.0%
+ &lt;td&gt;29.0%
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This table could look like this:</p>
+
+ <table class="apple-table-examples e1"><thead><tr><th>
+ <th>2008
+ <th>2007
+ <th>2006
+ <tbody><tr><th>Net sales
+ <td>$ 32,479
+ <td>$ 24,006
+ <td>$ 19,315
+ <tr><th>Cost of sales
+ <td> 21,334
+ <td> 15,852
+ <td> 13,717
+ <tbody><tr><th>Gross margin
+ <td>$ 11,145
+ <td>$ 8,154
+ <td>$ 5,598
+ <tfoot><tr><th>Gross margin percentage
+ <td>34.3%
+ <td>34.0%
+ <td>29.0%
+ </table><hr><p>The following shows how one might mark up the operating expenses table from lower on the same
+ page of that document:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;colgroup&gt; &lt;col&gt;
+ &lt;colgroup&gt; &lt;col&gt; &lt;col&gt; &lt;col&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt; &lt;th&gt;2008 &lt;th&gt;2007 &lt;th&gt;2006
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th scope=rowgroup&gt; Research and development
+ &lt;td&gt; $ 1,109 &lt;td&gt; $ 782 &lt;td&gt; $ 712
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th scope=row&gt; Percentage of net sales
+ &lt;td&gt; 3.4% &lt;td&gt; 3.3% &lt;td&gt; 3.7%
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th scope=rowgroup&gt; Selling, general, and administrative
+ &lt;td&gt; $ 3,761 &lt;td&gt; $ 2,963 &lt;td&gt; $ 2,433
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th scope=row&gt; Percentage of net sales
+ &lt;td&gt; 11.6% &lt;td&gt; 12.3% &lt;td&gt; 12.6%
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This table could look like this:</p>
+
+ <table class="apple-table-examples e2"><thead><tr><th> <th>2008 <th>2007 <th>2006
+ <tbody><tr><th scope=rowgroup> Research and development
+ <td> $ 1,109 <td> $ 782 <td> $ 712
+ <tr><th scope=row> Percentage of net sales
+ <td> 3.4% <td> 3.3% <td> 3.7%
+ <tbody><tr><th scope=rowgroup> Selling, general, and administrative
+ <td> $ 3,761 <td> $ 2,963 <td> $ 2,433
+ <tr><th scope=row> Percentage of net sales
+ <td> 11.6% <td> 12.3% <td> 12.6%
+ </table><hr><p>Sometimes, tables are used for dense data. For examples, here a table is used to show entries
+ in an access log:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table sortable&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th sorted&gt; Timestamp
+ &lt;th&gt; IP
+ &lt;th&gt; Message
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;time&gt;21:01&lt;/time&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; 128.30.52.199
+ &lt;td&gt; Exceeded ingress limit
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;time&gt;21:04&lt;/time&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; 128.30.52.3
+ &lt;td&gt; Authentication failure
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;time&gt;22:35&lt;/time&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; 128.30.52.29
+ &lt;td&gt; Malware command request blocked
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;time&gt;22:36&lt;/time&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; 128.30.52.3
+ &lt;td&gt; Authentication failure
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Because the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-table-sortable><a href=#attr-table-sortable>sortable</a></code>
+ attribute, the column headers can be selected to change the table's sort order.</p>
+
+ <p>This might render as follows:</p>
+
+ <p><img width=418 src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-table-sortable-1.png alt="The table as marked above, but with the column headers having interactive affordances to select which column to sort by, the first being already selected." height=109><p>If the user activates the second column, the table might change as follows:</p>
+
+ <p><img width=414 src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-table-sortable-2.png alt="The same table, but with the second column header's interactive affordance marked as selected, with the IP addresses sorted in numeric order (first the rows with the address ending in '3', then the row with the address ending in '29', and finally the row with the address ending in '199'." height=109><p>If the user activates the second column again, reversing the sort order, it might change as follows:</p>
+
+ <p><img width=414 src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-table-sortable-3.png alt="The same table, but with the second column header's interactive affordance marked as selected and reversed, with the IP addresses sorted in reverse numeric order (first the row with the address ending in '199', then the row with the address ending in '29', and finally the rows with the address ending in '3'." height=109><h3 id=forms><span class=secno>4.10 </span>Forms</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=introduction-2><span class=secno>4.10.1 </span>Introduction</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>A form is a component of a Web page that has form controls, such as text fields, buttons,
+ checkboxes, range controls, or color pickers. A user can interact with such a form, providing data
+ that can then be sent to the server for further processing (e.g. returning the results of a search
+ or calculation). No client-side scripting is needed in many cases, though an API is available so
+ that scripts can augment the user experience or use forms for purposes other than submitting data
+ to a server.</p>
+
+ <p>Writing a form consists of several steps, which can be performed in any order: writing the user
+ interface, implementing the server-side processing, and configuring the user interface to
+ communicate with the server.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id="writing-a-form's-user-interface"><span class=secno>4.10.1.1 </span>Writing a form's user interface</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of this brief introduction, we will create a pizza ordering form.</p>
+
+ <p>Any form starts with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element, inside which are placed the controls. Most
+ controls are represented by the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element, which by default provides a one-line
+ text field. To label a control, the <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element is used; the label text and the
+ control itself go inside the <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element. Each part of a form is considered a
+ <a href=#paragraph>paragraph</a>, and is typically separated from other parts using <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> elements.
+ Putting this together, here is how one might ask for the customer's name:</p>
+
+ <pre><strong>&lt;form&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Customer name: &lt;input&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</strong></pre>
+
+ <p>To let the user select the size of the pizza, we can use a set of radio buttons. Radio buttons
+ also use the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element, this time with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute with the value <code title=attr-input-type-radio><a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)">radio</a></code>. To make the radio buttons work as a group, they are
+ given a common name using the <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute. To group a batch
+ of controls together, such as, in this case, the radio buttons, one can use the
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element. The title of such a group of controls is given by the first element
+ in the <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>, which has to be a <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Customer name: &lt;input&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong> &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Size &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Small &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Medium &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Large &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;</strong>
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p class=note>Changes from the previous step are highlighted.</p>
+
+ <p>To pick toppings, we can use checkboxes. These use the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute with the value <code title=attr-input-type-checkbox><a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)">checkbox</a></code>:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Customer name: &lt;input&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Size &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Small &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Medium &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Large &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+<strong> &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Toppings &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Bacon &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Extra Cheese &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Onion &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Mushroom &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;</strong>
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The pizzeria for which this form is being written is always making mistakes, so it needs a way
+ to contact the customer. For this purpose, we can use form controls specifically for telephone
+ numbers (<code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements with their <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute set to <code title=attr-input-type-tel><a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)">tel</a></code>) and e-mail addresses
+ (<code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements with their <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute set to
+ <code title=attr-input-type-email><a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)">email</a></code>):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Customer name: &lt;input&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong> &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Telephone: &lt;input type=tel&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;E-mail address: &lt;input type=email&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Size &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Small &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Medium &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Large &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Toppings &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Bacon &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Extra Cheese &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Onion &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Mushroom &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>We can use an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with its <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute set to <code title=attr-input-type-time><a href="#time-state-(type=time)">time</a></code> to ask for a delivery time. Many
+ of these form controls have attributes to control exactly what values can be specified; in this
+ case, three attributes of particular interest are <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>, <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>, and <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>. These set the
+ minimum time, the maximum time, and the interval between allowed values (in seconds). This
+ pizzeria only delivers between 11am and 9pm, and doesn't promise anything better than 15 minute
+ increments, which we can mark up as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Customer name: &lt;input&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Telephone: &lt;input type=tel&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;E-mail address: &lt;input type=email&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Size &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Small &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Medium &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Large &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Toppings &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Bacon &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Extra Cheese &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Onion &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Mushroom &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+<strong> &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Preferred delivery time: &lt;input type=time min="11:00" max="21:00" step="900"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</strong>
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element can be used to provide a free-form text field. In this
+ instance, we are going to use it to provide a space for the customer to give delivery
+ instructions:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Customer name: &lt;input&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Telephone: &lt;input type=tel&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;E-mail address: &lt;input type=email&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Size &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Small &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Medium &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Large &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Toppings &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Bacon &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Extra Cheese &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Onion &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Mushroom &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Preferred delivery time: &lt;input type=time min="11:00" max="21:00" step="900"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong> &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Delivery instructions: &lt;textarea&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</strong>
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Finally, to make the form submittable we use the <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Customer name: &lt;input&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Telephone: &lt;input type=tel&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;E-mail address: &lt;input type=email&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Size &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Small &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Medium &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size&gt; Large &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Toppings &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Bacon &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Extra Cheese &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Onion &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox&gt; Mushroom &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Preferred delivery time: &lt;input type=time min="11:00" max="21:00" step="900"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Delivery instructions: &lt;textarea&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+<strong> &lt;p&gt;&lt;button&gt;Submit order&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</strong>
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+
+ <h5 id=implementing-the-server-side-processing-for-a-form><span class=secno>4.10.1.2 </span>Implementing the server-side processing for a form</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The exact details for writing a server-side processor are out of scope for this specification.
+ For the purposes of this introduction, we will assume that the script at <code title="">https://pizza.example.com/order.cgi</code> is configured to accept submissions using the
+ <code title=attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code> format,
+ expecting the following parameters sent in an HTTP POST body:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><code title="">custname</code></dt>
+ <dd>Customer's name</dd>
+
+ <dt><code title="">custtel</code></dt>
+ <dd>Customer's telephone number</dd>
+
+ <dt><code title="">custemail</code></dt>
+ <dd>Customer's e-mail address</dd>
+
+ <dt><code title="">size</code></dt>
+ <dd>The pizza size, either <code title="">small</code>, <code title="">medium</code>, or <code title="">large</code></dd>
+
+ <dt><code title="">topping</code></dt>
+ <dd>A topping, specified once for each selected topping, with the allowed values being <code title="">bacon</code>, <code title="">cheese</code>, <code title="">onion</code>, and <code title="">mushroom</code></dd>
+
+ <dt><code title="">delivery</code></dt>
+ <dd>The requested delivery time</dd>
+
+ <dt><code title="">comments</code></dt>
+ <dd>The delivery instructions</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=configuring-a-form-to-communicate-with-a-server><span class=secno>4.10.1.3 </span>Configuring a form to communicate with a server</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Form submissions are exposed to servers in a variety of ways, most commonly as HTTP GET or POST
+ requests. To specify the exact method used, the <code title=attr-fs-method><a href=#attr-fs-method>method</a></code>
+ attribute is specified on the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element. This doesn't specify how the form data is
+ encoded, though; to specify that, you use the <code title=attr-fs-enctype><a href=#attr-fs-enctype>enctype</a></code>
+ attribute. You also have to specify the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the service that will handle the
+ submitted data, using the <code title=attr-fs-action><a href=#attr-fs-action>action</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>For each form control you want submitted, you then have to give a name that will be used to
+ refer to the data in the submission. We already specified the name for the group of radio buttons;
+ the same attribute (<code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code>) also specifies the submission name.
+ Radio buttons can be distinguished from each other in the submission by giving them different
+ values, using the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Multiple controls can have the same name; for example, here we give all the checkboxes the same
+ name, and the server distinguishes which checkbox was checked by seeing which values are submitted
+ with that name &mdash; like the radio buttons, they are also given unique values with the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Given the settings in the previous section, this all becomes:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form<strong> method="post"
+ enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+ action="https://pizza.example.com/order.cgi"</strong>&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Customer name: &lt;input<strong> name="custname"</strong>&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Telephone: &lt;input type=tel<strong> name="custtel"</strong>&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;E-mail address: &lt;input type=email<strong> name="custemail"</strong>&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Size &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size<strong> value="small"</strong>&gt; Small &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size<strong> value="medium"</strong>&gt; Medium &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size<strong> value="large"</strong>&gt; Large &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Toppings &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox<strong> name="topping" value="bacon"</strong>&gt; Bacon &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox<strong> name="topping" value="cheese"</strong>&gt; Extra Cheese &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox<strong> name="topping" value="onion"</strong>&gt; Onion &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox<strong> name="topping" value="mushroom"</strong>&gt; Mushroom &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Preferred delivery time: &lt;input type=time min="11:00" max="21:00" step="900"<strong> name="delivery"</strong>&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Delivery instructions: &lt;textarea<strong> name="comments"</strong>&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;button&gt;Submit order&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p class=note>There is no particular significance to the way some of the attributes have their
+ values quoted and others don't. The HTML syntax allows a variety of equally valid ways to specify
+ attributes, as discussed <a href=#syntax-attributes title=syntax-attributes>in the syntax section</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For example, if the customer entered "Denise Lawrence" as their name, "555-321-8642" as their
+ telephone number, did not specify an e-mail address, asked for a medium-sized pizza, selected the
+ Extra Cheese and Mushroom toppings, entered a delivery time of 7pm, and left the delivery
+ instructions text field blank, the user agent would submit the following to the online Web
+ service:</p>
+
+ <pre>custname=Denise+Lawrence&amp;custtel=555-321-8624&amp;custemail=&amp;size=medium&amp;topping=cheese&amp;topping=mushroom&amp;delivery=19%3A00&amp;comments=</pre>
+
+
+ <h5 id=client-side-form-validation><span class=secno>4.10.1.4 </span>Client-side form validation</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Forms can be annotated in such a way that the user agent will check the user's input before the
+ form is submitted. The server still has to verify the input is valid (since hostile users can
+ easily bypass the form validation), but it allows the user to avoid the wait incurred by having
+ the server be the sole checker of the user's input.</p>
+
+ <p>The simplest annotation is the <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code> attribute,
+ which can be specified on <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements to indicate that the form is not to be
+ submitted until a value is given. By adding this attribute to the customer name, pizza size, and
+ delivery time fields, we allow the user agent to notify the user when the user submits the form
+ without filling in those fields:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form method="post"
+ enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+ action="https://pizza.example.com/order.cgi"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Customer name: &lt;input name="custname"<strong> required</strong>&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Telephone: &lt;input type=tel name="custtel"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;E-mail address: &lt;input type=email name="custemail"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Size &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size<strong> required</strong> value="small"&gt; Small &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size<strong> required</strong> value="medium"&gt; Medium &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size<strong> required</strong> value="large"&gt; Large &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Toppings &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="bacon"&gt; Bacon &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="cheese"&gt; Extra Cheese &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="onion"&gt; Onion &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="mushroom"&gt; Mushroom &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Preferred delivery time: &lt;input type=time min="11:00" max="21:00" step="900" name="delivery"<strong> required</strong>&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Delivery instructions: &lt;textarea name="comments"&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;button&gt;Submit order&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>It is also possible to limit the length of the input, using the <code title=attr-fe-maxlength><a href=#attr-fe-maxlength>maxlength</a></code> attribute. By adding this to the <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ element, we can limit users to 1000 characters, preventing them from writing huge essays to the
+ busy delivery drivers instead of staying focused and to the point:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form method="post"
+ enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+ action="https://pizza.example.com/order.cgi"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Customer name: &lt;input name="custname" required&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Telephone: &lt;input type=tel name="custtel"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;E-mail address: &lt;input type=email name="custemail"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Size &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size required value="small"&gt; Small &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size required value="medium"&gt; Medium &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size required value="large"&gt; Large &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Toppings &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="bacon"&gt; Bacon &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="cheese"&gt; Extra Cheese &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="onion"&gt; Onion &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="mushroom"&gt; Mushroom &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Preferred delivery time: &lt;input type=time min="11:00" max="21:00" step="900" name="delivery" required&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Delivery instructions: &lt;textarea name="comments"<strong> maxlength=1000</strong>&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;button&gt;Submit order&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p class=note>When a form is submitted, <code title=event-invalid><a href=#event-invalid>invalid</a></code> events are
+ fired at each form control that is invalid, and then at the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element itself. This
+ can be useful for displaying a summary of the problems with the form, since typically the browser
+ itself will only report one problem at a time.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=enabling-client-side-automatic-filling-of-form-controls><span class=secno>4.10.1.5 </span>Enabling client-side automatic filling of form controls</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Some browsers attempt to aid the user by automatically filling form controls rather than having
+ the user reenter their information each time. For example, a field asking for the user's telephone
+ number can be automatically filled with the user's phone number.</p>
+
+ <p>To help the user agent with this, the <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>
+ attribute can be used to describe the field's purpose. In the case of this form, we have three
+ fields that can be usefully annotated in this way: the information about who the pizza is to be
+ delivered to. Adding this information looks like this:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form method="post"
+ enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+ action="https://pizza.example.com/order.cgi"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Customer name: &lt;input name="custname" required <strong>autocomplete="shipping name"</strong>&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Telephone: &lt;input type=tel name="custtel" <strong>autocomplete="shipping tel"</strong>&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;E-mail address: &lt;input type=email name="custemail" <strong>autocomplete="shipping email"</strong>&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Size &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size required value="small"&gt; Small &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size required value="medium"&gt; Medium &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size required value="large"&gt; Large &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Toppings &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="bacon"&gt; Bacon &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="cheese"&gt; Extra Cheese &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="onion"&gt; Onion &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="mushroom"&gt; Mushroom &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Preferred delivery time: &lt;input type=time min="11:00" max="21:00" step="900" name="delivery" required&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Delivery instructions: &lt;textarea name="comments" maxlength=1000&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;button&gt;Submit order&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+
+ <h5 id=improving-the-user-experience-on-mobile-devices><span class=secno>4.10.1.6 </span>Improving the user experience on mobile devices</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Some devices, in particular those with on-screen keyboards and those in locales with languages
+ with many characters (e.g. Japanese), can provide the user with multiple input modalities. For
+ example, when typing in a credit card number the user may wish to only see keys for digits 0-9,
+ while when typing in their name they may wish to see a form field that by default capitalises each
+ word.</p>
+
+ <p>Using the <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code> attribute we can select appropriate
+ input modalities:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form method="post"
+ enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
+ action="https://pizza.example.com/order.cgi"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Customer name: &lt;input name="custname" required autocomplete="shipping name" <strong>inputmode="latin-name"</strong>&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Telephone: &lt;input type=tel name="custtel" autocomplete="shipping tel"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;E-mail address: &lt;input type=email name="custemail" autocomplete="shipping email"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Size &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size required value="small"&gt; Small &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size required value="medium"&gt; Medium &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=radio name=size required value="large"&gt; Large &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; Pizza Toppings &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="bacon"&gt; Bacon &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="cheese"&gt; Extra Cheese &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="onion"&gt; Onion &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt; &lt;input type=checkbox name="topping" value="mushroom"&gt; Mushroom &lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Preferred delivery time: &lt;input type=time min="11:00" max="21:00" step="900" name="delivery" required&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Delivery instructions: &lt;textarea name="comments" maxlength=1000 <strong>inputmode="latin-prose"</strong>&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;button&gt;Submit order&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-difference-between-the-field-type,-the-autofill-field-name,-and-the-input-modality><span class=secno>4.10.1.7 </span>The difference between the field type, the autofill field name, and the input modality</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code>, <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>, and <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code> attributes can seem confusingly similar. For instance,
+ in all three cases, the string "<code title="">email</code>" is a valid value. This section
+ attempts to illustrate the difference between the three attributes and provides advice suggesting
+ how to use them.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute on <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements decides
+ what kind of control the user agent will use to expose the field. Choosing between different
+ values of this attribute is the same choice as choosing whether to use an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>
+ element, a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>
+ element, etc.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attribute, in contrast, describes
+ what the value that the user will enter actually represents. Choosing between different values of
+ this attribute is the same choice as choosing what the label for the element will be.</p>
+
+ <p>First, consider telephone numbers. If a page is asking for a telephone number from the user,
+ the right form control to use is <code title=attr-input-type-tel><a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)">&lt;input type=tel&gt;</a></code>.
+ However, which <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> value to use depends on
+ which phone number the page is asking for, whether they expect a telephone number in the
+ international format or just the local format, and so forth.</p>
+
+ <p>For example, a page that forms part of a checkout process on an e-commerce site for a customer
+ buying a gift to be shipped to a friend might need both the buyer's telephone number (in case of
+ payment issues) and the friend's telephone number (in case of delivery issues). If the site
+ expects international phone numbers (with the country code prefix), this could thus look like
+ this:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Your phone number: &lt;input type=tel name=custtel autocomplete="billing tel"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Recipient's phone number: &lt;input type=tel name=shiptel autocomplete="shipping tel"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Please enter complete phone numbers including the country code prefix, as in "+1 555 123 4567".</pre>
+
+ <p>But if the site only supports British customers and recipients, it might instead look like this
+ (notice the use of <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-national><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-national>tel-national</a></code> rather than
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel>tel</a></code>):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Your phone number: &lt;input type=tel name=custtel autocomplete="billing tel-national"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Recipient's phone number: &lt;input type=tel name=shiptel autocomplete="shipping tel-national"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Please enter complete UK phone numbers, as in "(01632) 960 123".</pre>
+
+ <p>Now, consider a person's preferred languages. The right <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> value is <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-language><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-language>language</a></code>. However, there could be a number of
+ different form controls used for the purpose: a free text field (<code title=attr-input-type-text><a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)">&lt;input type=text&gt;</a></code>), a drop-down list (<code title=select><a href=#the-select-element>&lt;select&gt;</a></code>), radio buttons (<code title=attr-input-type-radio><a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)">&lt;input
+ type=radio&gt;</a></code>), etc. It only depends on what kind of interface is desired.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code> decides what kind of input modality (e.g.
+ keyboard) to use, when the control is a free-form text field.</p>
+
+ <p>Consider names. If a page just wants one name from the user, then the relevant control is <code title=attr-input-type-text><a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)">&lt;input type=text&gt;</a></code>. If the page is asking for the user's
+ full name, then the relevant <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> value is <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-name>name</a></code>. But if the user is Japanese, and the page is asking
+ for the user's Japanese name and the user's romanised name, then it would be helpful to the user
+ if the first field defaulted to a Japanese input modality, while the second defaulted to a Latin
+ input modality (ideally with automatic capitalization of each word). This is where the <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code> attribute can help:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Japanese name: &lt;input name="j" type="text" autocomplete="section-jp name" inputmode="kana"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;label&gt;Romanised name: &lt;input name="e" type="text" autocomplete="section-en name" inputmode="latin-name"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In this example, the "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-section>section-*</code>" keywords in
+ the <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attributes' values tell the user agent
+ that the two fields expect <em>different</em> names. Without them, the user agent could
+ automatically fill the second field with the value given in the first field when the user gave a
+ value to the first field.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The "<code title="">-jp</code>" and "<code title="">-en</code>" parts of the
+ keywords are opaque to the user agent; the user agent cannot guess, from those, that the two names
+ are expected to be in Japanese and English respectively.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=input-author-notes><span class=secno>4.10.1.8 </span>Date, time, and number formats</h5>
+ <!-- ID referenced from other parts of the spec -->
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>In this pizza delivery example, the times are specified in the format "HH:MM": two digits for
+ the hour, in 24-hour format, and two digits for the time. (Seconds could also be specified, though
+ they are not necessary in this example.)</p>
+
+ <p>In some locales, however, times are often expressed differently when presented to users. For
+ example, in the United States, it is still common to use the 12-hour clock with an am/pm
+ indicator, as in "2pm". In France, it is common to separate the hours from the minutes using an
+ "h" character, as in "14h00".</p>
+
+ <p>Similar issues exist with dates, with the added complication that even the order of the
+ components is not always consistent &mdash; for example, in Cyprus the first of February 2003
+ would typically be written "1/2/03", while that same date in Japan would typically be written as
+ "2003&#x5e74;02&#x6708;01&#x65e5;" &mdash; and even with numbers, where locales differ, for
+ example, in what punctuation is used as the decimal separator and the thousands separator.</p>
+
+ <p>It is therefore important to distinguish the time, date, and number formats used in HTML and in
+ form submissions, which are always the formats defined in this specification (and based on the
+ well-established ISO 8601 standard for computer-readable date and time formats), from the time,
+ date, and number formats presented to the user by the browser and accepted as input from the user
+ by the browser.</p>
+
+ <p>The format used "on the wire", i.e. in HTML markup and in form submissions, is intended to be
+ computer-readable and consistent irrespective of the user's locale. Dates, for instance, are
+ always written in the format "YYYY-MM-DD", as in "2003-02-01". Users are not expected to ever see
+ this format.</p>
+
+ <p>The time, date, or number given by the page in the wire format is then translated to the user's
+ preferred presentation (based on user preferences or on the locale of the page itself), before
+ being displayed to the user. Similarly, after the user inputs a time, date, or number using their
+ preferred format, the user agent converts it back to the wire format before putting it in the DOM
+ or submitting it.</p>
+
+ <p>This allows scripts in pages and on servers to process times, dates, and numbers in a
+ consistent manner without needing to support dozens of different formats, while still supporting
+ the users' needs.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+ <p class=note>See also the <a href=#input-impl-notes>implementation notes</a> regarding
+ localization of form controls.</p>
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=categories><span class=secno>4.10.2 </span>Categories</h4>
+
+ <p>Mostly for historical reasons, elements in this section fall into several overlapping (but
+ subtly different) categories in addition to the usual ones like <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>,
+ <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>, and <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A number of the elements are <dfn id=form-associated-element title="form-associated element">form-associated
+ elements</dfn>, which means they can have a <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>.
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code></li>
+ </ul><p>The <a href=#form-associated-element title="form-associated element">form-associated elements</a> fall into several
+ subcategories:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=category-listed title=category-listed>Listed elements</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Denotes elements that are listed in the <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements><var title="">form</var>.elements</a></code> and <code title=dom-fieldset-elements><a href=#dom-fieldset-elements><var title="">fieldset</var>.elements</a></code> APIs.</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code></li>
+ </ul></dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=category-submit title=category-submit>Submittable elements</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Denotes elements that can be used for <a href=#constructing-form-data-set>constructing the
+ form data set</a> when a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element is <a href=#concept-form-submit title=concept-form-submit>submitted</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code></li>
+ </ul><p>Some <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable elements</a> can be, depending on their
+ attributes, <dfn id=concept-button title=concept-button>buttons</dfn>. The prose below defines when an element
+ is a button. Some buttons are specifically <dfn id=concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit
+ buttons</dfn>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=category-reset title=category-reset>Resettable elements</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Denotes elements that can be affected when a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element is <a href=#concept-form-reset title=concept-form-reset>reset</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code></li>
+ </ul></dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>Reassociateable elements</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Denotes elements that have a <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> content attribute, and a
+ matching <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code> IDL attribute, that allow authors to specify an
+ explicit <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code></li>
+ </ul></dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Some elements, not all of them <a href=#form-associated-element title="form-associated element">form-associated</a>,
+ are categorised as <dfn id=category-label title=category-label>labelable elements</dfn>. These are elements that
+ can be associated with a <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element.
+
+ <!-- when updating this also update the category index -->
+ <ul class="brief category-list"><li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is <em>not</em> in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state)</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code></li>
+ </ul><h4 id=the-form-element><span class=secno>4.10.3 </span>The <dfn><code>form</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>, but with no <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-form-accept-charset><a href=#attr-form-accept-charset>accept-charset</a></code> &mdash; Character encodings to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-action><a href=#attr-fs-action>action</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#url>URL</a> to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-form-autocomplete><a href=#attr-form-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> &mdash; Default setting for autofill feature for controls in the form</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-enctype><a href=#attr-fs-enctype>enctype</a></code> &mdash; Form data set encoding type to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-method><a href=#attr-fs-method>method</a></code> &mdash; HTTP method to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-form-name><a href=#attr-form-name>name</a></code> &mdash; Name of form to use in the <code title=dom-document-forms><a href=#dom-document-forms>document.forms</a></code> API</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-novalidate><a href=#attr-fs-novalidate>novalidate</a></code> &mdash; Bypass form control validation for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-target><a href=#attr-fs-target>target</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#browsing-context>Browsing context</a> for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>[OverrideBuiltins]
+interface <dfn id=htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-form-acceptcharset title=dom-form-acceptCharset>acceptCharset</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-action title=dom-fs-action>action</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-form-autocomplete title=dom-form-autocomplete>autocomplete</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-enctype title=dom-fs-enctype>enctype</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-encoding title=dom-fs-encoding>encoding</a>;<!-- historical artefact -->
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-method title=dom-fs-method>method</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-form-name title=dom-form-name>name</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fs-novalidate title=dom-fs-noValidate>noValidate</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-target title=dom-fs-target>target</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformcontrolscollection>HTMLFormControlsCollection</a> <a href=#dom-form-elements title=dom-form-elements>elements</a>;
+ readonly attribute long <a href=#dom-form-length title=dom-form-length>length</a>;
+ <a href=#dom-form-item title=dom-form-item>getter</a> <a href=#element>Element</a> (unsigned long index);
+ <a href=#dom-form-nameditem title=dom-form-namedItem>getter</a> (<a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a> or <a href=#element>Element</a>) (DOMString name);
+
+ void <a href=#dom-form-submit title=dom-form-submit>submit</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-form-reset title=dom-form-reset>reset</a>();
+ boolean <a href=#dom-form-checkvalidity title=dom-form-checkValidity>checkValidity</a>();
+ boolean <a href=#dom-form-reportvalidity title=dom-form-reportValidity>reportValidity</a>();
+
+ void <a href=#dom-form-requestautocomplete title=dom-form-requestAutocomplete>requestAutocomplete</a>();
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a collection of <a href=#form-associated-element title="form-associated element">form-associated elements</a>, some of which can represent
+ editable values that can be submitted to a server for processing.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-form-accept-charset title=attr-form-accept-charset><code>accept-charset</code></dfn> attribute gives the
+ character encodings that are to be used for the submission. If specified, the value must be an
+ <a href=#ordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>ordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a> that are <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a>, and each token must be an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ one of the <a href=#encoding-label title="encoding label">labels</a> of an <a href=#ascii-compatible-character-encoding>ASCII-compatible character
+ encoding</a>. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-form-name title=attr-form-name><code>name</code></dfn> attribute represents the
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>'s name within the <code title=dom-document-forms><a href=#dom-document-forms>forms</a></code> collection. The
+ value must not be the empty string, and the value must be unique amongst the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ elements in the <code title=dom-document-forms><a href=#dom-document-forms>forms</a></code> collection that it is in, if
+ any.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-form-autocomplete title=attr-form-autocomplete><code>autocomplete</code></dfn> attribute is an
+ <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a>. The attribute has two states. The <code title=attr-form-autocomplete-on>on</code> keyword maps to the <dfn id=attr-form-autocomplete-on-state title=attr-form-autocomplete-on-state>on</dfn> state, and the <code title=attr-form-autocomplete-off>off</code> keyword maps to the <dfn id=attr-form-autocomplete-off-state title=attr-form-autocomplete-off-state>off</dfn> state. The attribute may also be omitted. The
+ <i>missing value default</i> is the <a href=#attr-form-autocomplete-on-state title=attr-form-autocomplete-on-state>on</a> state.
+ The <a href=#attr-form-autocomplete-off-state title=attr-form-autocomplete-off-state>off</a> state indicates that by default,
+ form controls in the form will have their <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> set to "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>"; the <a href=#attr-form-autocomplete-on-state title=attr-form-autocomplete-on-state>on</a> state indicates that by default, form controls
+ in the form will have their <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> set to "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-on><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-on>on</a></code>".</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fs-action><a href=#attr-fs-action>action</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-enctype><a href=#attr-fs-enctype>enctype</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-method><a href=#attr-fs-method>method</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-novalidate><a href=#attr-fs-novalidate>novalidate</a></code>,
+ and <code title=attr-fs-target><a href=#attr-fs-target>target</a></code> attributes are <a href=#attributes-for-form-submission>attributes for form
+ submission</a>.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">form</var> . <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>elements</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the form controls in the form (excluding image
+ buttons for historical reasons).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">form</var> . <code title=dom-form-length><a href=#dom-form-length>length</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the number of form controls in the form (excluding image buttons for historical
+ reasons).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">form</var>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <var title="">index</var>th element in the form (excluding image buttons for
+ historical reasons).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">form</var>[<var title="">name</var>]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the form control (or, if there are several, a <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code> of the form
+ controls) in the form with the given <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> or <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> (excluding image buttons for historical reasons); or, if there
+ are none, returns the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element with the given ID.</p>
+
+ <p>Once an element has been referenced using a particular name, that name will continue being
+ available as a way to reference that element in this method, even if the element's actual <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> or <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> changes, for as long as
+ the element remains in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>If there are multiple matching items, then a <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code> object containing all
+ those elements is returned.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">form</var> . <code title=dom-form-submit><a href=#dom-form-submit>submit</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Submits the form.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">form</var> . <code title=dom-form-reset><a href=#dom-form-reset>reset</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Resets the form.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">form</var> . <code title=dom-form-checkValidity><a href=#dom-form-checkvalidity>checkValidity</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the form's controls are all valid; otherwise, returns false.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">form</var> . <code title=dom-form-reportValidity><a href=#dom-form-reportvalidity>reportValidity</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the form's controls are all valid; otherwise, returns false and informs the user.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">form</var> . <code title=dom-form-requestAutocomplete><a href=#dom-form-requestautocomplete>requestAutocomplete</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Triggers a user-agent-specific asynchronous user interface to help the user fill in any
+ fields that have an <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> other than "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-on><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-on>on</a></code>" or "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>".</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element will subsequently receive an event, either <code title=event-autocomplete><a href=#event-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>, indicating that the fields have been prefilled,
+ or <code title=event-autocompleteerror><a href=#event-autocompleteerror>autocompleteerror</a></code> (using the
+ <code><a href=#autocompleteerrorevent>AutocompleteErrorEvent</a></code> interface), indicating that there was some problem (the
+ general class of problem is described by the <code title=dom-AutocompleteErrorEvent-reason><a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorevent-reason>reason</a></code> IDL attribute on the event).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-form-autocomplete title=dom-form-autocomplete><code>autocomplete</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known
+ values</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-form-requestAutocomplete><a href=#dom-form-requestautocomplete>requestAutocomplete()</a></code> method is part of
+ the <a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete title=attr-fe-autocomplete>autofill mechanism</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-form-name title=dom-form-name><code>name</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-form-acceptcharset title=dom-form-acceptCharset><code>acceptCharset</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-form-accept-charset><a href=#attr-form-accept-charset>accept-charset</a></code> content
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-form-elements title=dom-form-elements><code>elements</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlformcontrolscollection>HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element's <a href=#home-subtree>home
+ subtree</a>'s <a href=#root-element>root element</a>, whose filter matches <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed elements</a> whose <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> is the
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element, with the exception of <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, which must, for historical reasons, be
+ excluded from this particular collection.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-form-length title=dom-form-length><code>length</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the number
+ of nodes <a href=#represented-by-the-collection title="represented by the collection">represented</a> by the <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>elements</a></code> collection.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> at any instant are the indices supported by the
+ object returned by the <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>elements</a></code> attribute at that
+ instant.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element is <dfn id=dom-form-item title=dom-form-item>indexed for indexed property
+ retrieval</dfn>, the user agent must return the value returned by the <code title=dom-HTMLFormControlsCollection-item>item</code> method on the <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>elements</a></code> collection, when invoked with the given index as its
+ argument.</p>
+
+ <hr><!-- Welcome to crazy town. Population: The Web. --><p>Each <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element has a mapping of names to elements called the <dfn id=past-names-map>past names
+ map</dfn>. It is used to persist names of controls even when they change names.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> consist of the names obtained from the following
+ algorithm, in the order obtained from this algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">sourced names</var> be an initially empty ordered list of tuples
+ consisting of a string, an element, a source, where the source is either <i>id</i>, <i>name</i>,
+ or <i>past</i>, and, if the source is <i>past</i>, an age.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed element</a> <var title="">candidate</var>
+ whose <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> is the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element, with the exception of any
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the
+ <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">candidate</var> has an <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute, add
+ an entry to <var title="">sourced names</var> with that <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code>
+ attribute's value as the string, <var title="">candidate</var> as the element, and <i>id</i> as
+ the source.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidate</var> has a <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute,
+ add an entry to <var title="">sourced names</var> with that <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute's value as the string, <var title="">candidate</var>
+ as the element, and <i>name</i> as the source.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element <var title="">candidate</var> whose <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>
+ is the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- this is the same as the above list, except 'name' xrefs to something differnet --><li><p>If <var title="">candidate</var> has an <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute, add
+ an entry to <var title="">sourced names</var> with that <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code>
+ attribute's value as the string, <var title="">candidate</var> as the element, and <i>id</i> as
+ the source.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidate</var> has a <code title=attr-img-name><a href=#attr-img-name>name</a></code> attribute,
+ add an entry to <var title="">sourced names</var> with that <code title=attr-img-name><a href=#attr-img-name>name</a></code> attribute's value as the string, <var title="">candidate</var>
+ as the element, and <i>name</i> as the source.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each entry <var title="">past entry</var> in the <a href=#past-names-map>past names map</a> add an entry
+ to <var title="">sourced names</var> with the <var title="">past entry</var>'s name as the
+ string, <var title="">past entry</var>'s element as the element, <i>past</i> as the source, and
+ the length of time <var title="">past entry</var> has been in the <a href=#past-names-map>past names map</a> as
+ the age.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Sort <var title="">sourced names</var> by <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> of the element entry of
+ each tuple, sorting entries with the same element by putting entries whose source is <i>id</i>
+ first, then entries whose source is <i>name</i>, and finally entries whose source is <i>past</i>,
+ and sorting entries with the same element and source by their age, oldest first.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove any entries in <var title="">sourced names</var> that have the empty string as
+ their name.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove any entries in <var title="">sourced names</var> that have the same name as an
+ earlier entry in the map.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the list of names from <var title="">sourced names</var>, maintaining their
+ relative order.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The properties exposed in this way must be <a href=#unenumerable>unenumerable</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element is <dfn id=dom-form-nameditem title=dom-form-namedItem>indexed for named property
+ retrieval</dfn>, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">candidates</var> be a <a href=#live>live</a> <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code>
+ object containing all the <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed elements</a> whose <a href=#form-owner>form
+ owner</a> is the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element that have either an <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code>
+ attribute or a <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute equal to <var title="">name</var>, with the exception of <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image
+ Button</a> state, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</li>
+
+ <!-- we return RadioNodeList here for consistency -->
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidates</var> is empty, let <var title="">candidates</var> be a
+ <a href=#live>live</a> <code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code> object containing all the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements
+ that are descendants of the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element and that have either an <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute or a <code title=attr-img-name><a href=#attr-img-name>name</a></code> attribute equal
+ to <var title="">name</var>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidates</var> is empty, <var title="">name</var> is the name of one of
+ the entries in the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element's <a href=#past-names-map>past names map</a>: return the object
+ associated with <var title="">name</var> in that map.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidates</var> contains more than one node, return <var title="">candidates</var> and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, <var title="">candidates</var> contains exactly one node. Add a mapping from
+ <var title="">name</var> to the node in <var title="">candidates</var> in the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ element's <a href=#past-names-map>past names map</a>, replacing the previous entry with the same name, if
+ any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the node in <var title="">candidates</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>If an element listed in a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element's <a href=#past-names-map>past names map</a> changes
+ <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>, then its entries must be removed from that map.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ This ridiculous setup is intended to do as much of the right thing while still supporting code
+ written to work in IE7. IE versions prior to IE8 do not update the names on the <form> element
+ collection to match new names when elements are renamed, and there are enough pages that rename
+ elements and then access them by their old name that we have to support this.
+
+ But we still want to expose them using the new names, so as far as possible we pretend the
+ legacy names aren't there except if there's no other element actually named that way.
+
+ Removing the element did remove the legacy name in IE7:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E...%3Cform%20action%3D%22%2F%22%3E%3Cinput%20name%3Dsubmit%3E%3C%2Fform%3E%0A%3Cscript%3E%0A%20w(document.forms%5B0%5D.submit)%3B%0A%20w(document.forms%5B0%5D.removeChild(document.getElementsByTagName('input')%5B0%5D))%3B%0A%20w(document.forms%5B0%5D.length)%3B%0A%20try%20%7B%20document.forms%5B0%5D.submit()%3B%20%7D%20catch%20(e)%20%20%7B%20w(e.message)%20%7D%0A%3C%2Fscript%3E
+
+ There's no interop on what happens when the name was originally a duplicate name, so we don't
+ persist such accesses - at the time of writing, Safari returned the first element, Firefox
+ returned null (as we do), and IE7 returned the original collection:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E...%3Cform%20action%3D%22%2F%22%3E%3Cinput%20name%3Da%20id%3Dfirst%3E%3Cinput%20name%3Da%20id%3Dsecond%3E%3C%2Fform%3E%0A%3Cscript%3E%0A%20w%28document.forms[0].a%29%3B%0A%20document.getElementsByTagName%28%27input%27%29[0].name%20%3D%20%27b%27%3B%0A%20document.getElementsByTagName%28%27input%27%29[1].name%20%3D%20%27b%27%3B%0A%20w%28document.forms[0].length%29%3B%0A%20w%28document.forms[0].a.id%29%3B%0A%3C%2Fscript%3E
+
+ In addition, the <img> fallback nonsense is similarly here for legacy reasons. As is the
+ exclusion of <input type=image>.
+
+ Also, check these out:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1220
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2388
+
+ -->
+
+ <!-- Now leaving crazy town. -->
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-form-submit title=dom-form-submit><code>submit()</code></dfn> method, when invoked, must <a href=#concept-form-submit title=concept-form-submit>submit</a> the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element from the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ element itself, with the <var title="">submitted from <code title=dom-form-submit><a href=#dom-form-submit>submit()</a></code> method</var> flag set.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-form-reset title=dom-form-reset><code>reset()</code></dfn> method, when invoked, must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element is marked as <i><a href=#locked-for-reset>locked for reset</a></i>, then abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Mark the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element as <dfn id=locked-for-reset>locked for reset</dfn>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-form-reset title=concept-form-reset>Reset</a> the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Unmark the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element as <i><a href=#locked-for-reset>locked for reset</a></i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>If the <dfn id=dom-form-checkvalidity title=dom-form-checkValidity><code>checkValidity()</code></dfn> method is
+ invoked, the user agent must <a href=#statically-validate-the-constraints>statically validate the constraints</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element, and return true if the constraint validation return a <i>positive</i>
+ result, and false if it returned a <i>negative</i> result.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <dfn id=dom-form-reportvalidity title=dom-form-reportValidity><code>reportValidity()</code></dfn> method is
+ invoked, the user agent must <a href=#interactively-validate-the-constraints>interactively validate the constraints</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element, and return true if the constraint validation return a <i>positive</i>
+ result, and false if it returned a <i>negative</i> result.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows two search forms:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="http://www.google.com/search" method="get"&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;Google: &lt;input type="search" name="q"&gt;&lt;/label&gt; &lt;input type="submit" value="Search..."&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;
+&lt;form action="http://www.bing.com/search" method="get"&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;Bing: &lt;input type="search" name="q"&gt;&lt;/label&gt; &lt;input type="submit" value="Search..."&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-label-element><span class=secno>4.10.4 </span>The <dfn><code>label</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>Reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>, but with no descendant <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable elements</a> unless it is the element's <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a>, and no descendant <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> &mdash; Associates the control with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-label-for><a href=#attr-label-for>for</a></code> &mdash; Associate the label with form control</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmllabelelement>HTMLLabelElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a>? <a href=#dom-fae-form title=dom-fae-form>form</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-label-htmlfor title=dom-label-htmlFor>htmlFor</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a>? <a href=#dom-label-control title=dom-label-control>control</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a caption in a user interface. The
+ caption can be associated with a specific form control<span class=impl>, known as the
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element's <dfn id=labeled-control>labeled control</dfn></span>, either using the <code title=attr-label-for><a href=#attr-label-for>for</a></code> attribute, or by putting the form control inside the
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element itself.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Except where otherwise specified by the following rules, a <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element has no
+ <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-label-for title=attr-label-for><code>for</code></dfn> attribute may be specified to indicate a
+ form control with which the caption is to be associated. If the attribute is specified, the
+ attribute's value must be the <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> of a <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable element</a> in the same <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> as the
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element. <span class=impl>If the attribute is specified and there is an
+ element in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> whose <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> is equal to the
+ value of the <code title=attr-label-for><a href=#attr-label-for>for</a></code> attribute, and the first such element is a
+ <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable element</a>, then that element is the <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>
+ element's <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a>.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-label-for><a href=#attr-label-for>for</a></code> attribute is not specified, but the
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element has a <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable element</a> descendant,
+ then the first such descendant in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> is the <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element's
+ <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element's exact default presentation and behavior, in particular what
+ its <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> might be, if anything, should match the platform's label
+ behavior. The <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> of a <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element for events targeted
+ at <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a> descendants of a <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element, and any
+ descendants of those <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a> descendants, must be to do nothing.</p>
+
+ <!-- activation behaviour need not be dependent on whether the
+ labeled control is being rendered:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/371
+ -->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, on platforms where clicking a checkbox label checks the checkbox, clicking the
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> in the following snippet could trigger the user agent to <a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>run synthetic
+ click activation steps</a> on the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element, as if the element itself had
+ been triggered by the user:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox name=lost&gt; Lost&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>On other platforms, the behavior might be just to focus the control, or do nothing.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute is used to explicitly associate the
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element with its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows three form controls each with a label, two of which have small
+ text showing the right format for users to use.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Full name: &lt;input name=fn&gt; &lt;small&gt;Format: First Last&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Age: &lt;input name=age type=number min=0&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Post code: &lt;input name=pc&gt; &lt;small&gt;Format: AB12 3CD&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">label</var> . <code title=dom-label-control><a href=#dom-label-control>control</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the form control that is associated with this element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-label-htmlfor title=dom-label-htmlFor><code>htmlFor</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-label-for><a href=#attr-label-for>for</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-label-control title=dom-label-control><code>control</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element's <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a>, if any, or null if there isn't one.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code> IDL attribute is part of the element's forms
+ API.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">control</var> . <code title=dom-lfe-labels><a href=#dom-lfe-labels>labels</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code> of all the <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> elements that the form control
+ is associated with.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p><a href=#category-label title=category-label>Labelable elements</a> have a <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code> object
+ associated with them that represents the list of <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> elements, in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a>, whose <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a> is the element in question. The <dfn id=dom-lfe-labels title=dom-lfe-labels><code>labels</code></dfn> IDL attribute of <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable elements</a>, on getting, must return that
+ <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-input-element><span class=secno>4.10.5 </span>The <dfn><code>input</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is <em>not</em> in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state: <a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is <em>not</em> in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state: <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>Listed</a>, <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a>, <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>, <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable</a>, and <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state: <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>Listed</a>, <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>, <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable</a>, and <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is <em>not</em> in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state: <a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code> &mdash; Hint for expected file type in <a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)" title=attr-input-type-file>file upload controls</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code> &mdash; Replacement text for use when images are not available</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> &mdash; Hint for form autofill feature</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> &mdash; Automatically focus the form control when the page is loaded</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code> &mdash; Whether the command or control is checked</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code> &mdash; Name of form field to use for sending the element's <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">directionality</a> in <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> &mdash; Whether the form control is disabled</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> &mdash; Associates the control with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#url>URL</a> to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code> &mdash; Form data set encoding type to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code> &mdash; HTTP method to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code> &mdash; Bypass form control validation for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#browsing-context>Browsing context</a> for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code> &mdash; Vertical dimension</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code> &mdash; Hint for selecting an input modality</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code> &mdash; List of autocomplete options</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code> &mdash; Maximum value</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code> &mdash; Maximum length of value</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> &mdash; Minimum value</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code> &mdash; Minimum length of value</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> &mdash; Whether to allow multiple values</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> &mdash; Name of form control to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a> and in the <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>form.elements</a></code> API </dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code> &mdash; Pattern to be matched by the form control's value</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code> &mdash; User-visible label to be placed within the form control</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> &mdash; Whether to allow the value to be edited by the user</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code> &mdash; Whether the control is required for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code> &mdash; Size of the control</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code> &mdash; Address of the resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> &mdash; Granularity to be matched by the form control's value</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Type of form control</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> &mdash; Value of the form control</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> &mdash; Horizontal dimension</dd>
+ <dd>Also, the <code title=attr-input-title><a href=#attr-input-title>title</a></code> attribute <a href=#attr-input-title title=attr-input-title>has special semantics</a> on this element: Description of pattern (when used with <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code> attribute).</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlinputelement>HTMLInputElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-accept title=dom-input-accept>accept</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-alt title=dom-input-alt>alt</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fe-autocomplete title=dom-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fe-autofocus title=dom-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-input-defaultchecked title=dom-input-defaultChecked>defaultChecked</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-input-checked title=dom-input-checked>checked</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-dirname title=dom-input-dirName>dirName</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fe-disabled title=dom-fe-disabled>disabled</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a>? <a href=#dom-fae-form title=dom-fae-form>form</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#filelist>FileList</a>? <a href=#dom-input-files title=dom-input-files>files</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-formaction title=dom-fs-formAction>formAction</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-formenctype title=dom-fs-formEnctype>formEnctype</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-formmethod title=dom-fs-formMethod>formMethod</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fs-formnovalidate title=dom-fs-formNoValidate>formNoValidate</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-formtarget title=dom-fs-formTarget>formTarget</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-input-height title=dom-input-height>height</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-input-indeterminate title=dom-input-indeterminate>indeterminate</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-inputmode title=dom-input-inputMode>inputMode</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a>? <a href=#dom-input-list title=dom-input-list>list</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-max title=dom-input-max>max</a>;
+ attribute long <a href=#dom-input-maxlength title=dom-input-maxLength>maxLength</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-min title=dom-input-min>min</a>;
+ attribute long <a href=#dom-input-minlength title=dom-input-minLength>minLength</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-input-multiple title=dom-input-multiple>multiple</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fe-name title=dom-fe-name>name</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-pattern title=dom-input-pattern>pattern</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-placeholder title=dom-input-placeholder>placeholder</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-input-readonly title=dom-input-readOnly>readOnly</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-input-required title=dom-input-required>required</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-input-size title=dom-input-size>size</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-src title=dom-input-src>src</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-step title=dom-input-step>step</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-type title=dom-input-type>type</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-defaultvalue title=dom-input-defaultValue>defaultValue</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-value title=dom-input-value>value</a>;
+ attribute <span>Date</span>? <a href=#dom-input-valueasdate title=dom-input-valueAsDate>valueAsDate</a>;
+ attribute unrestricted double <a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber title=dom-input-valueAsNumber>valueAsNumber</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-input-valuelow title=dom-input-valueLow>valueLow</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-input-valuehigh title=dom-input-valueHigh>valueHigh</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-input-width title=dom-input-width>width</a>;
+
+ void <a href=#dom-input-stepup title=dom-input-stepUp>stepUp</a>(optional long n = 1);
+ void <a href=#dom-input-stepdown title=dom-input-stepDown>stepDown</a>(optional long n = 1);
+
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate title=dom-cva-willValidate>willValidate</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#validitystate>ValidityState</a> <a href=#dom-cva-validity title=dom-cva-validity>validity</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage title=dom-cva-validationMessage>validationMessage</a>;
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity title=dom-cva-checkValidity>checkValidity</a>();
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity title=dom-cva-reportValidity>reportValidity</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity>setCustomValidity</a>(DOMString error);
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a> <a href=#dom-lfe-labels title=dom-lfe-labels>labels</a>;
+
+ void <a href=#dom-textarea/input-select title=dom-textarea/input-select>select</a>();
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart>selectionStart</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd>selectionEnd</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection>selectionDirection</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText>setRangeText</a>(DOMString replacement);
+ void <a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText>setRangeText</a>(DOMString replacement, unsigned long start, unsigned long end, optional <a href=#selectionmode>SelectionMode</a> selectionMode = "preserve");
+ void <a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange>setSelectionRange</a>(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, optional DOMString direction);
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLInputElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a typed data field, usually with a form
+ control to allow the user to edit the data.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-type title=attr-input-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute controls the data type (and
+ associated control) of the element. It is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a>. The following
+ table lists the keywords and states for the attribute &mdash; the keywords in the left column map
+ to the states in the cell in the second column on the same row as the keyword.</p>
+
+ <table id=attr-input-type-keywords><thead><tr><th> Keyword
+ <th> State
+ <th> Data type
+ <th> Control type
+ <tbody><tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-hidden-keyword title=attr-input-type-hidden-keyword><code>hidden</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a>
+ <td> An arbitrary string
+ <td> n/a
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-text-keyword title=attr-input-type-text-keyword><code>text</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a>
+ <td> Text with no line breaks
+ <td> A text field
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-search-keyword title=attr-input-type-search-keyword><code>search</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a>
+ <td> Text with no line breaks
+ <td> Search field
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-tel-keyword title=attr-input-type-tel-keyword><code>tel</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</a>
+ <td> Text with no line breaks
+ <td> A text field
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-url-keyword title=attr-input-type-url-keyword><code>url</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a>
+ <td> An absolute URL
+ <td> A text field
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-email-keyword title=attr-input-type-email-keyword><code>email</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a>
+ <td> An e-mail address or list of e-mail addresses
+ <td> A text field
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-password-keyword title=attr-input-type-password-keyword><code>password</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#password-state-(type=password)" title=attr-input-type-password>Password</a>
+ <td> Text with no line breaks (sensitive information)
+ <td> A text field that obscures data entry
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-datetime-keyword title=attr-input-type-datetime-keyword><code>datetime</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)" title=attr-input-type-datetime>Date and Time</a>
+ <td> A date and time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second, fraction of a second) with the time zone set to UTC
+ <td> A date and time control
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-date-keyword title=attr-input-type-date-keyword><code>date</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#date-state-(type=date)" title=attr-input-type-date>Date</a>
+ <td> A date (year, month, day) with no time zone
+ <td> A date control
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-month-keyword title=attr-input-type-month-keyword><code>month</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#month-state-(type=month)" title=attr-input-type-month>Month</a>
+ <td> A date consisting of a year and a month with no time zone
+ <td> A month control
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-week-keyword title=attr-input-type-week-keyword><code>week</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#week-state-(type=week)" title=attr-input-type-week>Week</a>
+ <td> A date consisting of a week-year number and a week number with no time zone
+ <td> A week control
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-time-keyword title=attr-input-type-time-keyword><code>time</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#time-state-(type=time)" title=attr-input-type-time>Time</a>
+ <td> A time (hour, minute, seconds, fractional seconds) with no time zone
+ <td> A time control
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-datetime-local-keyword title=attr-input-type-datetime-local-keyword><code>datetime-local</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)" title=attr-input-type-datetime-local>Local Date and Time</a>
+ <td> A date and time (year, month, day, hour, minute, second, fraction of a second) with no time zone
+ <td> A date and time control
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-number-keyword title=attr-input-type-number-keyword><code>number</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a>
+ <td> A numerical value
+ <td> A text field or spinner control
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-range-keyword title=attr-input-type-range-keyword><code>range</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#range-state-(type=range)" title=attr-input-type-range>Range</a>
+ <td> A numerical value, with the extra semantic that the exact value is not important
+ <td> A slider control or similar
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-color-keyword title=attr-input-type-color-keyword><code>color</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#color-state-(type=color)" title=attr-input-type-color>Color</a>
+ <td> An sRGB color with 8-bit red, green, and blue components
+ <td> A color well
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-checkbox-keyword title=attr-input-type-checkbox-keyword><code>checkbox</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a>
+ <td> A set of zero or more values from a predefined list
+ <td> A checkbox
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-radio-keyword title=attr-input-type-radio-keyword><code>radio</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a>
+ <td> An enumerated value
+ <td> A radio button
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-file-keyword title=attr-input-type-file-keyword><code>file</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)" title=attr-input-type-file>File Upload</a>
+ <td> Zero or more files each with a <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> and optionally a file name
+ <td> A label and a button
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-submit-keyword title=attr-input-type-submit-keyword><code>submit</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#submit-button-state-(type=submit)" title=attr-input-type-submit>Submit Button</a>
+ <td> An enumerated value, with the extra semantic that it must be the last value selected and initiates form submission
+ <td> A button
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-image-keyword title=attr-input-type-image-keyword><code>image</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a>
+ <td> A coordinate, relative to a particular image's size, with the extra semantic that it must
+ be the last value selected and initiates form submission
+ <td> Either a clickable image, or a button
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-reset-keyword title=attr-input-type-reset-keyword><code>reset</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#reset-button-state-(type=reset)" title=attr-input-type-reset>Reset Button</a>
+ <td> n/a
+ <td> A button
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-input-type-button-keyword title=attr-input-type-button-keyword><code>button</code></dfn>
+ <td> <a href="#button-state-(type=button)" title=attr-input-type-button>Button</a>
+ <td> n/a
+ <td> A button
+ </table><p>The <i>missing value default</i> is the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a>
+ state.</p>
+
+ <p>Which of the
+ <code title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> content attributes, the
+ <code title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code> IDL attributes, the
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code> method, the
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>, IDL attributes, the
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods, the
+ <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> methods, and the
+ <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and
+ <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <dfn id=concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</dfn> to an
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element depends on the state of its
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute.
+ The subsections that define each type also clearly define in normative "bookkeeping" sections
+ which of these feature apply, and which <dfn id=do-not-apply>do not apply</dfn>, to each type. The behavior of
+ these features depends on whether they apply or not, as defined in their various sections (q.v.
+ for <a href=#common-input-element-attributes>content attributes</a>, for <a href=#common-input-element-apis>APIs</a>, for <a href=#common-input-element-events>events</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>The following table <span class=impl>is non-normative and</span> summarizes which of those
+ content attributes, IDL attributes, methods, and events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to each state:</p>
+
+ <table class=applies id=input-type-attr-summary><thead><tr><th>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a>,</span>
+ <span title=""><a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a>,</span>
+ <span title=""><a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#password-state-(type=password)" title=attr-input-type-password>Password</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)" title=attr-input-type-datetime>Date and Time</a>,</span>
+ <span title=""><a href="#date-state-(type=date)" title=attr-input-type-date>Date</a>,</span>
+ <span title=""><a href="#month-state-(type=month)" title=attr-input-type-month>Month</a>,</span>
+ <span title=""><a href="#week-state-(type=week)" title=attr-input-type-week>Week</a>,</span>
+ <span title=""><a href="#time-state-(type=time)" title=attr-input-type-time>Time</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)" title=attr-input-type-datetime-local>Local Date and Time</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#range-state-(type=range)" title=attr-input-type-range>Range</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#color-state-(type=color)" title=attr-input-type-color>Color</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a>,</span>
+ <span title=""><a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)" title=attr-input-type-file>File Upload</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#submit-button-state-(type=submit)" title=attr-input-type-submit>Submit Button</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a></span>
+ <th> <span title=""><a href="#reset-button-state-(type=reset)" title=attr-input-type-reset>Reset Button</a>,</span>
+ <span title=""><a href="#button-state-(type=button)" title=attr-input-type-button>Button</a></span>
+
+ <tbody><tr><th scope=rowgroup colspan=16>Content attributes
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone --> <!-- if you change this, you can merge this line with the next to save room on the chart -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Radio Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tbody><tr><th scope=rowgroup colspan=16>IDL attributes and methods
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr class=impl><th> <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code>
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-default title=dom-input-value-default>default</a> <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a> <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> <span title="dom-input-value-value">value</span> Search -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a> <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a> <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a> <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a> <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> <span title="dom-input-value-value">value</span> Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> <span title="dom-input-value-value">value</span> Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> <span title="dom-input-value-value">value</span> Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> <span title="dom-input-value-value">value</span> Time -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a> <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a> <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a> <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a> <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-default-on title=dom-input-value-default-on>default/on</a> <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> <span title="dom-input-value-default-on">default/on</span> Radio Button -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-filename title=dom-input-value-filename>filename</a> <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-default title=dom-input-value-default>default</a> <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-default title=dom-input-value-default>default</a> <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=yes> <a href=#dom-input-value-default title=dom-input-value-default>default</a> <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> <span title="dom-input-value-default">default</span> Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes* <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes** <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes** <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Date -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Month -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Week -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Search -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Radio Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tbody><tr><th scope=rowgroup colspan=16>Events
+
+ <tr><th> <span title=""><code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> event</span>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Radio Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ <tr><th> <span title=""><code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> event</span>
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Hidden -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Text -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Search -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- URL, Telephone -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- E-mail -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Password -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Date and Time -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Date -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Month -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Week -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Local Date and Time -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Number -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Range -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Color -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- Checkbox -->
+<!-- <td class="yes"> Yes Radio Button -->
+ <td class=yes> Yes <!-- File Upload -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Submit Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Image Button -->
+ <td class=no> &middot; <!-- Reset Button -->
+<!-- <td class="no"> &middot; Button -->
+
+ </table><p class=tablenote><small>* If the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute
+ is not specified.</small></p>
+
+ <p class=tablenote><small>** If the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute
+ <em>is</em> specified.</small></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Some states of the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute define a <dfn id=value-sanitization-algorithm>value
+ sanitization algorithm</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element has a <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, which is
+ exposed by the <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute. Some states define an
+ <dfn id=concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a number</dfn>,
+ an <dfn id=concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a
+ string</dfn>, an <dfn id=concept-input-value-string-date title=concept-input-value-string-date>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ <code>Date</code> object</dfn>, and an <dfn id=concept-input-value-date-string title=concept-input-value-date-string>algorithm to
+ convert a <code>Date</code> object to a string</dfn>, which are used by <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>, <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>, <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>, <code title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, <code title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element has a boolean <dfn id=concept-input-value-dirty-flag title=concept-input-value-dirty-flag>dirty
+ value flag</dfn>. The <a href=#concept-input-value-dirty-flag title=concept-input-value-dirty-flag>dirty value flag</a> must be
+ initially set to false when the element is created, and must be set to true whenever the user
+ interacts with the control in a way that changes the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.
+ (It is also set to true when the value is programmatically changed, as described in the definition
+ of the <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-value title=attr-input-value><code>value</code></dfn> content attribute gives the default
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element. <span class=impl>When the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> content attribute is added, set,
+ or removed, if the control's <a href=#concept-input-value-dirty-flag title=concept-input-value-dirty-flag>dirty value flag</a>
+ is false, the user agent must set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element
+ to the value of the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> content attribute, if there is
+ one, or the empty string otherwise, and then run the current <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization
+ algorithm</a>, if one is defined.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element has a <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a>,
+ which is exposed by the <code title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element has a boolean <dfn id=concept-input-checked-dirty-flag title=concept-input-checked-dirty-flag>dirty checkedness flag</dfn>. When it is true, the
+ element is said to have a <dfn id=concept-input-checked-dirty title=concept-input-checked-dirty><i>dirty checkedness</i></dfn>.
+ The <a href=#concept-input-checked-dirty-flag title=concept-input-checked-dirty-flag>dirty checkedness flag</a> must be initially
+ set to false when the element is created, and must be set to true whenever the user interacts with
+ the control in a way that changes the <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-checked title=attr-input-checked><code>checked</code></dfn> content attribute is a
+ <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a> that gives the default <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> of the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element. <span class=impl>When the <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code> content attribute is added,
+ if the control does not have <i title=concept-input-checked-dirty><a href=#concept-input-checked-dirty>dirty checkedness</a></i>, the
+ user agent must set the <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> of the element to
+ true; when the <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code> content attribute is removed, if
+ the control does not have <i title=concept-input-checked-dirty><a href=#concept-input-checked-dirty>dirty checkedness</a></i>, the user
+ agent must set the <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> of the element to
+ false.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-form-reset-control title=concept-form-reset-control>reset algorithm</a> for <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>
+ elements is to set the <a href=#concept-input-value-dirty-flag title=concept-input-value-dirty-flag>dirty value flag</a> and
+ <a href=#concept-input-checked-dirty-flag title=concept-input-checked-dirty-flag>dirty checkedness flag</a> back to false, set
+ the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element to the value of the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> content attribute, if there is one, or the empty string
+ otherwise, set the <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> of the element to true if
+ the element has a <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code> content attribute and false if
+ it does not, empty the list of <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected
+ files</a>, and then invoke the <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a>, if the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state defines one.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element can be <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>. Except where
+ otherwise specified, an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element is always <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>. Similarly, except where otherwise specified, the user
+ agent should not allow the user to modify the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> or <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element is <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>, it is not <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute can also in some
+ cases (e.g. for the <a href="#date-state-(type=date)" title=attr-input-type-date>Date</a> state, but not the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state) stop an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element from
+ being <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-node-clone-ext title=concept-node-clone-ext>cloning steps</a> for <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements
+ must propagate the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, <a href=#concept-input-value-dirty-flag title=concept-input-value-dirty-flag>dirty value flag</a>, <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a>, and <a href=#concept-input-checked-dirty-flag title=concept-input-checked-dirty-flag>dirty checkedness flag</a> from the node being cloned
+ to the copy.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element is first created, the element's rendering and behavior must
+ be set to the rendering and behavior defined for the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute's state, and the <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a>, if one is defined for the
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's state, must be invoked.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div id=input-type-change class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute
+ changes state, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/602 --><li><p>If the previous state of the element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute
+ put the <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute in the <i title=dom-input-value-value><a href=#dom-input-value-value>value</a></i> mode, and the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is not the empty string, and the new state of the element's
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute puts the <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute in either the <i title=dom-input-value-default><a href=#dom-input-value-default>default</a></i> mode or the <i title=dom-input-value-default-on><a href=#dom-input-value-default-on>default/on</a></i> mode, then set the element's <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> content attribute to the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the previous state of the element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute put the <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code>
+ IDL attribute in any mode other than the <i title=dom-input-value-value><a href=#dom-input-value-value>value</a></i> mode, and the
+ new state of the element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute puts the <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute in the <i title=dom-input-value-value><a href=#dom-input-value-value>value</a></i> mode, then set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element to the value of the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> content attribute, if there is one, or the empty string
+ otherwise, and then set the control's <a href=#concept-input-value-dirty-flag title=concept-input-value-dirty-flag>dirty value
+ flag</a> to false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Update the element's rendering and behavior to the new state's.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Invoke the <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a>, if one is defined for the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's new state.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <hr><p>
+ The <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute represents the element's name.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code> attribute controls how the element's <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">directionality</a> is submitted.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute is used to make the control non-interactive and to prevent its value from being submitted.
+ The <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute is used to explicitly associate the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> attribute controls focus.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code> attribute controls the user interface's input modality for the control.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attribute controls how the user agent provides autofill behavior.
+ </p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-input-indeterminate title=dom-input-indeterminate><code>indeterminate</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ initially be set to false. On getting, it must return the last value it was set to. On setting, it
+ must be set to the new value. It has no effect except for changing the appearance of <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>checkbox</a> controls.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-input-accept title=dom-input-accept><code>accept</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-input-alt title=dom-input-alt><code>alt</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-input-max title=dom-input-max><code>max</code></dfn>,
+ <dfn id=dom-input-min title=dom-input-min><code>min</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-input-multiple title=dom-input-multiple><code>multiple</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-input-pattern title=dom-input-pattern><code>pattern</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-input-placeholder title=dom-input-placeholder><code>placeholder</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-input-required title=dom-input-required><code>required</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-input-size title=dom-input-size><code>size</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-input-src title=dom-input-src><code>src</code></dfn>,
+ and <dfn id=dom-input-step title=dom-input-step><code>step</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the respective content attributes of the same name. The <dfn id=dom-input-dirname title=dom-input-dirName><code>dirName</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code> content attribute. The <dfn id=dom-input-readonly title=dom-input-readOnly><code>readOnly</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> content attribute. The <dfn id=dom-input-defaultchecked title=dom-input-defaultChecked><code>defaultChecked</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code> content attribute. The
+ <dfn id=dom-input-defaultvalue title=dom-input-defaultValue><code>defaultValue</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-input-type title=dom-input-type><code>type</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the respective content attribute of the same name, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>. The
+ <dfn id=dom-input-inputmode title=dom-input-inputmode><code>inputMode</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code> content attribute,
+ <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>. The <dfn id=dom-input-maxlength title=dom-input-maxLength><code>maxLength</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code> content attribute, <a href=#limited-to-only-non-negative-numbers>limited to only
+ non-negative numbers</a>. The <dfn id=dom-input-minlength title=dom-input-minLength><code>minLength</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the <code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code> content attribute, <a href=#limited-to-only-non-negative-numbers>limited to only
+ non-negative numbers</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The IDL attributes <dfn id=dom-input-width title=dom-input-width><code>width</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-input-height title=dom-input-height><code>height</code></dfn> must return the rendered width and height of
+ the image, in CSS pixels, if an image is <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a>, and is being rendered to a
+ visual medium; or else the intrinsic width and height of the image, in CSS pixels, if an image is
+ <i title=input-img-available><a href=#input-img-available>available</a></i> but not being rendered to a visual medium; or else 0,
+ if no image is <i title=input-img-available><a href=#input-img-available>available</a></i>. When the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is not in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, then no image is <i title=input-img-available><a href=#input-img-available>available</a></i>. <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>On setting, they must act as if they <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflected</a> the respective
+ content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-cva-willValidate><a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate>willValidate</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-validationMessage><a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage>validationMessage</a></code> IDL attributes, and the <code title=dom-cva-checkValidity><a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity>checkValidity()</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-reportValidity><a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity>reportValidity()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity()</a></code> methods, are part of the
+ <a href=#the-constraint-validation-api>constraint validation API</a>. The <code title=dom-lfe-labels><a href=#dom-lfe-labels>labels</a></code> IDL
+ attribute provides a list of the element's <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>s. The <code title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>, <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>, <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>, <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>, <code title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods and IDL attributes
+ expose the element's text selection. The <code title=dom-fe-autofocus><a href=#dom-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code>, <code title=dom-fe-disabled><a href=#dom-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code>, <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code>, and <code title=dom-fe-name><a href=#dom-fe-name>name</a></code> IDL attributes are part of the element's forms API.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=states-of-the-type-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.1 </span>States of the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute</h5>
+
+
+ <h6 id="hidden-state-(type=hidden)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.1 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</dfn> state (<code title="">type=hidden</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a value that is not intended to be
+ examined or manipulated by the user.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state, it is <a href=#barred-from-constraint-validation>barred from constraint
+ validation</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute is present and has a value that is a
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for the string "<code title=attr-fe-name-charset><a href=#attr-fe-name-charset>_charset_</a></code>", then the element's <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute must be omitted.</p>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code>
+ IDL attribute <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a> to this element and is
+ in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-default title=dom-input-value-default>default</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not
+ apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code class=no-backref title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code class=no-backref title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.2 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-text>Text</dfn> (<code title="">type=text</code>) state and <dfn title=attr-input-type-search>Search</dfn> state (<code title="">type=search</code>)</h6>
+
+ <!-- v2 idea: applying input masks to <input>, e.g. for entering
+ data with slashes and dashes (ack Greg Kilwein)
+ -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state or the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a one line plain text edit control for
+ the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The difference between the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state
+ and the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state is primarily stylistic: on
+ platforms where search fields are distinguished from regular text fields, the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state might result in an appearance consistent with
+ the platform's search fields rather than appearing like a regular text field.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> should be editable by the user. User agents must not allow
+ users to insert U+000A LINE FEED (LF) or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters into the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- this next bit is also in the <textarea> section -->
+ <!-- and something similar is in the session history section -->
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the writing direction of the element, setting it either to a left-to-right writing
+ direction or a right-to-left writing direction. If the user does so, the user agent must then run
+ the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the element's <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute to "<code title=attr-dir-ltr><a href=#attr-dir-ltr>ltr</a></code>" if the user selected a left-to-right writing direction, and
+ "<code title=attr-dir-rtl><a href=#attr-dir-rtl>rtl</a></code>" if the user selected a right-to-left writing
+ direction.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that
+ contains no U+000A LINE FEED (LF) or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: <a href=#strip-line-breaks>Strip line
+ breaks</a> from the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content
+ attributes, IDL attributes, and methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is
+ in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not
+ apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="telephone-state-(type=tel)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.3 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</dfn> state (<code title="">type=tel</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for editing a telephone number
+ given in the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> should be editable by the user. User agents may change the
+ spacing and, with care, the punctuation of <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>values</a> that the
+ user enters. User agents must not allow users to insert U+000A LINE FEED (LF) or U+000D CARRIAGE
+ RETURN (CR) characters into the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that
+ contains no U+000A LINE FEED (LF) or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: <a href=#strip-line-breaks>Strip line
+ breaks</a> from the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>Unlike the <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a> and <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a> types, the <a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</a> type does not enforce a particular syntax. This is
+ intentional; in practice, telephone number fields tend to be free-form fields, because there are a
+ wide variety of valid phone numbers. Systems that need to enforce a particular format are
+ encouraged to use the <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code> attribute or the <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity()</a></code> method to hook into the client-side
+ validation mechanism.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content
+ attributes, IDL attributes, and methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is
+ in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not
+ apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="url-state-(type=url)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.4 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-url>URL</dfn> state (<code title="">type=url</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for editing a single
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> given in the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the URL represented by its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>. User agents
+ may allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a string that is not
+ a <a href=#valid-url title="valid URL">valid</a> <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, but may also or instead
+ automatically escape characters entered by the user so that the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is always a <a href=#valid-url title="valid URL">valid</a>
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> (even if that isn't the actual value seen and edited by the user in the
+ interface). User agents should allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the empty string. User agents must not allow users to
+ insert U+000A LINE FEED (LF) or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters into the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified and not empty, must
+ have a value that is a <a href=#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a> that is also an
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: <a href=#strip-line-breaks>Strip line
+ breaks</a> from the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, then <a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace>strip leading and
+ trailing whitespace</a> from the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>
+ of the element is neither the empty string nor a <a href=#valid-url title="valid URL">valid</a>
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, the element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-type-mismatch>suffering from a type mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content
+ attributes, IDL attributes, and methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is
+ in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not
+ apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>If a document contained the following markup:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input type="url" name="location" list="urls"&gt;
+&lt;datalist id="urls"&gt;
+ &lt;option label="MIME: Format of Internet Message Bodies" value="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045"&gt;
+ &lt;option label="HTML 4.01 Specification" value="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/"&gt;
+ &lt;option label="Form Controls" value="http://www.w3.org/TR/xforms/slice8.html#ui-commonelems-hint"&gt;
+ &lt;option label="Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Specification" value="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/"&gt;
+ &lt;option label="Feature Sets - SVG 1.1 - 20030114" value="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/feature.html"&gt;
+ &lt;option label="The Single UNIX Specification, Version 3" value="http://www.unix-systems.org/version3/"&gt;
+&lt;/datalist&gt;
+</pre>
+
+ <p>...and the user had typed "<kbd>www.w3</kbd>", and the user agent had also found that the user
+ had visited <code>http://www.w3.org/Consortium/#membership</code> and
+ <code>http://www.w3.org/TR/XForms/</code> in the recent past, then the rendering might look like
+ this:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-url.png width=472 alt='A text box with an icon on the left followed by the text "www.w3" and a cursor, with a drop down button on the right hand side; with, below, a drop down box containing a list of six URLs on the left, with the first four having grayed out labels on the right; and a scroll bar to the right of the drop down box, indicating further values are available.' height=134></p>
+
+ <p>The first four URLs in this sample consist of the four URLs in the author-specified list that
+ match the text the user has entered, sorted in some UA-defined manner (maybe by how frequently
+ the user refers to those URLs). Note how the UA is using the knowledge that the values are URLs
+ to allow the user to omit the scheme part and perform intelligent matching on the domain
+ name.</p>
+
+ <p>The last two URLs (and probably many more, given the scrollbar's indications of more values
+ being available) are the matches from the user agent's session history data. This data is not
+ made available to the page DOM. In this particular case, the UA has no titles to provide for
+ those values.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="e-mail-state-(type=email)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.5 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</dfn> state (<code title="">type=email</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>How the <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a> state operates depends on whether the
+ <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is specified or not.</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>When the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is not specified on the
+ element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for editing an e-mail
+ address given in the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the e-mail address represented by its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>. User agents may allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a string that is not a <a href=#valid-e-mail-address>valid e-mail
+ address</a>. The user agent should act in a manner consistent with expecting the user to
+ provide a single e-mail address. User agents should allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the empty string. User agents must not allow users to
+ insert U+000A LINE FEED (LF) or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters into the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>. User agents may transform the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> for display and editing; in particular, user agents should
+ convert punycode in the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to IDN in the display and
+ vice versa.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the user interface is representing input that
+ the user agent cannot convert to punycode, the control is <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering from bad
+ input</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified and not empty, must
+ have a value that is a single <a href=#valid-e-mail-address>valid e-mail address</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: <a href=#strip-line-breaks>Strip
+ line breaks</a> from the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, then <a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace>strip
+ leading and trailing whitespace</a> from the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>
+ of the element is neither the empty string nor a single <a href=#valid-e-mail-address>valid e-mail address</a>, the
+ element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-type-mismatch>suffering from a type mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>When the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute <em>is</em> specified on
+ the element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for adding, removing, and
+ editing the e-mail addresses given in the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>value<em>s</em></a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to add, remove, and edit the e-mail addresses represented by its <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>. User agents may allow the user to set any
+ individual value in the list of <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value<em>s</em></a> to a
+ string that is not a <a href=#valid-e-mail-address>valid e-mail address</a>, but must not allow users to set any
+ individual value to a string containing U+002C COMMA (,), U+000A LINE FEED (LF), or U+000D
+ CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters. User agents should allow the user to remove all the addresses
+ in the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>. User agents may
+ transform the <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> for display and editing; in
+ particular, user agents should convert punycode in the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to IDN in the display and vice versa.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the user interface describes a situation where
+ an individual value contains a U+002C COMMA (,) or is representing input that the user agent
+ cannot convert to punycode, the control is <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering from bad input</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever the user changes the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value<em>s</em></a>, the user agent must run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">latest values</var> be a copy of the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value<em>s</em></a>.</li>
+
+ <!-- It's a copy because /values/ might include leading and trailing spaces that we don't
+ necessarily want to remove from the UI but that we do want to remove before serialising. -->
+
+ <li><p><a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace>Strip leading and trailing whitespace</a> from each value in <var title="">latest values</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> be the result of
+ concatenating all the values in <var title="">latest values</var>, separating each value from
+ the next by a single U+002C COMMA character (,), maintaining the list's order.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value
+ that is a <a href=#valid-e-mail-address-list>valid e-mail address list</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#split-a-string-on-commas title="split a string on commas">Split on commas</a> the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, <a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace>strip leading and trailing whitespace</a> from
+ each resulting token, if any, and let the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> be the (possibly empty) resulting list of
+ (possibly empty) tokens, maintaining the original order.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> be the result of
+ concatenating the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>, separating
+ each value from the next by a single U+002C COMMA character (,), maintaining the list's
+ order.</li>
+
+ </ol><p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>
+ of the element is not a <a href=#valid-e-mail-address-list>valid e-mail address list</a>, the element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-type-mismatch>suffering
+ from a type mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is set or removed, the
+ user agent must run the <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=valid-e-mail-address>valid e-mail address</dfn> is a string that matches the <code title="">email</code>
+ production of the following ABNF, the character set for which is Unicode. This ABNF implements the
+ extensions described in RFC 1123. <a href=#refsABNF>[ABNF]</a> <a href=#refsRFC5322>[RFC5322]</a> <a href=#refsRFC1034>[RFC1034]</a> <a href=#refsRFC1123>[RFC1123]</a></p>
+
+ <pre>email = 1*( atext / "." ) "@" label *( "." label )
+label = let-dig [ [ ldh-str ] let-dig ] ; limited to a length of 63 characters by <a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5>RFC 1034 section 3.5</a>
+atext = &lt; as defined in <a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322#section-3.2.3>RFC 5322 section 3.2.3</a> &gt;
+let-dig = &lt; as defined in <a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5>RFC 1034 section 3.5</a> &gt;
+ldh-str = &lt; as defined in <a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5>RFC 1034 section 3.5</a> &gt;</pre>
+
+ <!-- Domain syntax based on section 3.5 of [RFC1034] and section 2.1 of [RFC1123] -->
+
+ <p class=note>This requirement is a <a href=#willful-violation>willful violation</a> of RFC 5322, which defines a
+ syntax for e-mail addresses that is simultaneously too strict (before the "@" character), too
+ vague (after the "@" character), and too lax (allowing comments, whitespace characters, and quoted
+ strings in manners unfamiliar to most users) to be of practical use here.</p>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>The following JavaScript- and Perl-compatible regular expression is an implementation of the
+ above definition.</p>
+
+ <pre>/^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&amp;'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$/</pre>
+
+ <!-- based on: http://blog.gerv.net/2011/05/html5_email_address_regexp/ -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=valid-e-mail-address-list>valid e-mail address list</dfn> is a <a href=#set-of-comma-separated-tokens>set of comma-separated tokens</a>, where
+ each token is itself a <a href=#valid-e-mail-address>valid e-mail address</a>. <span class=impl>To obtain the list of
+ tokens from a <a href=#valid-e-mail-address-list>valid e-mail address list</a>, and implementation must <a href=#split-a-string-on-commas title="split a
+ string on commas">split the string on commas</a>.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content
+ attributes, IDL attributes, and methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attributes.</p>
+
+<!--
+ <p>The following common <code>input</code> element content
+ attributes, IDL attributes, and methods <span title="concept-input-apply">apply</span> to the element when
+ the <code title="attr-input-multiple">multiple</code> attribute is
+ not specified:
+ .</p>
+-->
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is
+ in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not
+ apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="password-state-(type=password)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.6 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-password>Password</dfn> state (<code title="">type=password</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#password-state-(type=password)" title=attr-input-type-password>Password</a> state, the rules in this section
+ apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a one line plain text edit control for
+ the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>. The user agent should obscure the value
+ so that people other than the user cannot see it.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> should be editable by the user. User agents must not allow
+ users to insert U+000A LINE FEED (LF) or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters into the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that
+ contains no U+000A LINE FEED (LF) or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: <a href=#strip-line-breaks>Strip line
+ breaks</a> from the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content
+ attributes, IDL attributes, and methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is
+ in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not
+ apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.7 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-datetime>Date and Time</dfn> state (<code title="">type=datetime</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)" title=attr-input-type-datetime>Date and Time</a> state, the rules in this section
+ apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for setting the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a string representing a specific <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a>. <span class=impl>User agents may display
+ the date and time in whatever time zone is appropriate for the user.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a> represented by its
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, as obtained by <a href=#parse-a-global-date-and-time-string title="parse a global date and
+ time string">parsing a global date and time</a> from it. User agents must not allow the user to
+ set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a non-empty string that is not a
+ <a href=#valid-normalised-forced-utc-global-date-and-time-string>valid normalised forced-UTC global date and time string</a>, though user agents may allow
+ the user to set and view the time in another time zone and silently translate the time to and from
+ the UTC time zone in the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>. If the user agent provides a
+ user interface for selecting a <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a>, then
+ the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> must be set to a <a href=#valid-normalised-forced-utc-global-date-and-time-string>valid normalised forced-UTC
+ global date and time string</a> representing the user's selection. User agents should allow the
+ user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the user interface describes input that the user
+ agent cannot convert to a <a href=#valid-normalised-forced-utc-global-date-and-time-string>valid normalised forced-UTC global date and time string</a>,
+ the control is <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering from bad input</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>See the <a href=#input-author-notes>introduction section</a> for a discussion of
+ the difference between the input format and submission format for date, time, and number form
+ controls<span class=impl>, and the <a href=#input-impl-notes>implementation notes</a>
+ regarding localization of form controls</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified and not empty, must
+ have a value that is a <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a>.</p> <!-- ok to set
+ out-of-range value, we never know when we might have to represent bogus input; also ok to be
+ non-UTC, we convert it -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: If the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element is a <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time
+ string</a>, then adjust the time so that the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>
+ represents the same point in time but expressed in the UTC time zone as a <span>valid normalized
+ forced-UTC global date and time string</span>, otherwise, set it to the empty string instead.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that is
+ a <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a>. The <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>
+ attribute, if specified, must have a value that is a <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time
+ string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute is expressed in seconds. <span class=impl>The <a href=#concept-input-step-scale title=concept-input-step-scale>step scale factor</a> is 1000 (which
+ converts the seconds to milliseconds, as used in the other algorithms).</span> The <a href=#concept-input-step-default title=concept-input-step-default>default step</a> is 60 seconds.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>suffering from a step mismatch</a>, the user agent may round the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the nearest <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a> for which the element would not <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch title="suffering from a step mismatch">suffer from a step mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ number</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: If <a href=#parse-a-global-date-and-time-string title="parse a global date and time string">parsing a global date and time</a> from <var title="">input</var> results in an error, then return an error; otherwise, return the number of
+ milliseconds elapsed from midnight UTC on the morning of 1970-01-01 (the time represented by the
+ value "<code title="">1970-01-01T00:00:00.0Z</code>") to the parsed <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a>, ignoring leap seconds.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a
+ string</a>, given a number <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return a
+ <a href=#valid-normalised-forced-utc-global-date-and-time-string>valid normalised forced-UTC global date and time string</a> that represents the <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a> that is <var title="">input</var>
+ milliseconds after midnight UTC on the morning of 1970-01-01 (the time represented by the value
+ "<code title="">1970-01-01T00:00:00.0Z</code>").</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-date title=concept-input-value-string-date>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ <code>Date</code> object</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>:
+ If <a href=#parse-a-global-date-and-time-string title="parse a global date and time string">parsing a global date and time</a> from
+ <var title="">input</var> results in an error, then return an error; otherwise, return <a href=#create-a-date-object title="create a Date object">a new <code>Date</code> object</a> representing the parsed <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and time</a>, expressed in UTC.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-date-string title=concept-input-value-date-string>algorithm to convert a
+ <code>Date</code> object to a string</a>, given a <code>Date</code> object <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return a <a href=#valid-normalised-forced-utc-global-date-and-time-string>valid normalised forced-UTC global
+ date and time string</a> that represents the <a href=#concept-datetime title=concept-datetime>global date and
+ time</a> that is represented by <var title="">input</var>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=note id=only-contemporary-times>
+
+ <p>The <a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)" title=attr-input-type-datetime>Date and Time</a> state (and other date- and
+ time-related states described in subsequent sections) is not intended for the entry of values for
+ which a precise date and time relative to the contemporary calendar cannot be established. For
+ example, it would be inappropriate for the entry of times like "one millisecond after the big
+ bang", "the early part of the Jurassic period", or "a winter around 250 BCE".</p>
+
+ <p>For the input of dates before the introduction of the Gregorian calendar, authors are
+ encouraged to not use the <a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)" title=attr-input-type-datetime>Date and Time</a> state (and
+ the other date- and time-related states described in subsequent sections), as user agents are not
+ required to support converting dates and times from earlier periods to the Gregorian calendar,
+ and asking users to do so manually puts an undue burden on users. (This is complicated by the
+ manner in which the Gregorian calendar was phased in, which occurred at different times in
+ different countries, ranging from partway through the 16th century all the way to early in the
+ 20th.) Instead, authors are encouraged to provide fine-grained input controls using the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element and <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements with the <a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a> state.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content
+ attributes, IDL attributes, and methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is
+ in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not
+ apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following fragment shows part of a calendar application. A user can specify a date and
+ time for a meeting (in his local time zone, probably, though the user agent can allow the user to
+ change that), and since the submitted data includes the time-zone offset, the application can
+ ensure that the meeting is shown at the correct time regardless of the time zones used by all the
+ participants.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt;Add Meeting&lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Meeting name: &lt;input type=text name="meeting.label"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Meeting time: &lt;input type=datetime name="meeting.start"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Had the application used the <code title=attr-input-type-datetime-local><a href="#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)">datetime-local</a></code> type instead, the calendar
+ application would have also had to explicitly determine which time zone the user intended.</p>
+
+ <p>For events where the precise time is to vary as the user travels (e.g. "celebrate the new
+ year!"), and for recurring events that are to stay at the same time for a specific geographic
+ location even though that location may go in and out of daylight savings time (e.g. "bring the
+ kid to school"), the <code title=attr-input-type-datetime-local><a href="#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)">datetime-local</a></code> type
+ combined with a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element (or other similar control) to pick the specific
+ geographic location to which to anchor the time would be more appropriate.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="date-state-(type=date)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.8 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-date>Date</dfn> state (<code title="">type=date</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#date-state-(type=date)" title=attr-input-type-date>Date</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for setting the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a string representing a specific <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a> represented by its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, as obtained by <a href=#parse-a-date-string title="parse a date string">parsing a
+ date</a> from it. User agents must not allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a non-empty string that is not a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date
+ string</a>. If the user agent provides a user interface for selecting a <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a>, then the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> must be set
+ to a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a> representing the user's selection. User agents should allow
+ the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the user interface describes input that the user
+ agent cannot convert to a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a>, the control is <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering from bad
+ input</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>See the <a href=#input-author-notes>introduction section</a> for a discussion of
+ the difference between the input format and submission format for date, time, and number form
+ controls<span class=impl>, and the <a href=#input-impl-notes>implementation notes</a>
+ regarding localization of form controls</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified and not empty, must
+ have a value that is a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a>.</p> <!-- ok to set out-of-range value, we
+ never know when we might have to represent bogus input -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: If the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element is not a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a>, then
+ set it to the empty string instead.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that is
+ a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a>. The <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code> attribute, if
+ specified, must have a value that is a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute is expressed in days. <span class=impl>The <a href=#concept-input-step-scale title=concept-input-step-scale>step scale factor</a> is 86,400,000
+ (which converts the days to milliseconds, as used in the other algorithms).</span> The <a href=#concept-input-step-default title=concept-input-step-default>default step</a> is 1 day.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>suffering from a step mismatch</a>, the user agent may round the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the nearest <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a> for which the element would not <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch title="suffering from a
+ step mismatch">suffer from a step mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ number</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: If <a href=#parse-a-date-string title="parse a date string">parsing a date</a> from <var title="">input</var> results in an
+ error, then return an error; otherwise, return the number of milliseconds elapsed from midnight
+ UTC on the morning of 1970-01-01 (the time represented by the value "<code title="">1970-01-01T00:00:00.0Z</code>") to midnight UTC on the morning of the parsed <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a>, ignoring leap seconds.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a
+ string</a>, given a number <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return a
+ <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a> that represents the <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a> that, in
+ UTC, is current <var title="">input</var> milliseconds after midnight UTC on the morning of
+ 1970-01-01 (the time represented by the value "<code title="">1970-01-01T00:00:00.0Z</code>").</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-date title=concept-input-value-string-date>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ <code>Date</code> object</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>:
+ If <a href=#parse-a-date-string title="parse a date string">parsing a date</a> from <var title="">input</var> results
+ in an error, then return an error; otherwise, return <a href=#create-a-date-object title="create a Date object">a new
+ <code>Date</code> object</a> representing midnight UTC on the morning of the parsed <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-date-string title=concept-input-value-date-string>algorithm to convert a
+ <code>Date</code> object to a string</a>, given a <code>Date</code> object <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a> that
+ represents the <a href=#concept-date title=concept-date>date</a> current at the time represented by <var title="">input</var> in the UTC time zone.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>See <a href=#only-contemporary-times>the note on historical dates</a> in the
+ <a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)" title=attr-input-type-datetime>Date and Time</a> state section.</p>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content
+ attributes, IDL attributes, and methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is
+ in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not
+ apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="month-state-(type=month)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.9 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-month>Month</dfn> state (<code title="">type=month</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#month-state-(type=month)" title=attr-input-type-month>Month</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for setting the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a string representing a specific <a href=#concept-month title=concept-month>month</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the <a href=#concept-month title=concept-month>month</a> represented by its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, as obtained by <a href=#parse-a-month-string title="parse a month string">parsing a
+ month</a> from it. User agents must not allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a non-empty string that is not a <a href=#valid-month-string>valid month
+ string</a>. If the user agent provides a user interface for selecting a <a href=#concept-month title=concept-month>month</a>, then the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> must be
+ set to a <a href=#valid-month-string>valid month string</a> representing the user's selection. User agents should
+ allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the user interface describes input that the user
+ agent cannot convert to a <a href=#valid-month-string>valid month string</a>, the control is <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering from bad
+ input</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>See the <a href=#input-author-notes>introduction section</a> for a discussion of
+ the difference between the input format and submission format for date, time, and number form
+ controls<span class=impl>, and the <a href=#input-impl-notes>implementation notes</a>
+ regarding localization of form controls</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified and not empty, must
+ have a value that is a <a href=#valid-month-string>valid month string</a>.</p> <!-- ok to set out-of-range value, we
+ never know when we might have to represent bogus input -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: If the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element is not a <a href=#valid-month-string>valid month string</a>,
+ then set it to the empty string instead.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that is
+ a <a href=#valid-month-string>valid month string</a>. The <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code> attribute, if
+ specified, must have a value that is a <a href=#valid-month-string>valid month string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute is expressed in months. <span class=impl>The <a href=#concept-input-step-scale title=concept-input-step-scale>step scale factor</a> is 1 (there is no
+ conversion needed as the algorithms use months).</span> The <a href=#concept-input-step-default title=concept-input-step-default>default step</a> is 1 month.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>suffering from a step mismatch</a>, the user agent may round the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the nearest <a href=#concept-month title=concept-month>month</a> for which the element would not <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch title="suffering from a
+ step mismatch">suffer from a step mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ number</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: If <a href=#parse-a-month-string title="parse a month string">parsing a month</a> from <var title="">input</var> results in an
+ error, then return an error; otherwise, return the number of months between January 1970 and the
+ parsed <a href=#concept-month title=concept-month>month</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a
+ string</a>, given a number <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return a
+ <a href=#valid-month-string>valid month string</a> that represents the <a href=#concept-month title=concept-month>month</a> that
+ has <var title="">input</var> months between it and January 1970.</p>
+
+ <!-- note - it doesn't matter exactly how many months are "between" two months, so long as the UA
+ implements this consistently. The number is never actually exposed. -->
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-date title=concept-input-value-string-date>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ <code>Date</code> object</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>:
+ If <a href=#parse-a-month-string title="parse a month string">parsing a month</a> from <var title="">input</var>
+ results in an error, then return an error; otherwise, return <a href=#create-a-date-object title="create a Date object">a
+ new <code>Date</code> object</a> representing midnight UTC on the morning of the first day of
+ the parsed <a href=#concept-month title=concept-month>month</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-date-string title=concept-input-value-date-string>algorithm to convert a
+ <code>Date</code> object to a string</a>, given a <code>Date</code> object <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return a <a href=#valid-month-string>valid month string</a> that
+ represents the <a href=#concept-month title=concept-month>month</a> current at the time represented by <var title="">input</var> in the UTC time zone.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content
+ attributes, IDL attributes, and methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is
+ in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not
+ apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="week-state-(type=week)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.10 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-week>Week</dfn> state (<code title="">type=week</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#week-state-(type=week)" title=attr-input-type-week>Week</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for setting the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a string representing a specific <a href=#concept-week title=concept-week>week</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the <a href=#concept-week title=concept-week>week</a> represented by its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, as obtained by <a href=#parse-a-week-string title="parse a week string">parsing a
+ week</a> from it. User agents must not allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a non-empty string that is not a <a href=#valid-week-string>valid week
+ string</a>. If the user agent provides a user interface for selecting a <a href=#concept-week title=concept-week>week</a>, then the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> must be set
+ to a <a href=#valid-week-string>valid week string</a> representing the user's selection. User agents should allow
+ the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the user interface describes input that the user
+ agent cannot convert to a <a href=#valid-week-string>valid week string</a>, the control is <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering from bad
+ input</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>See the <a href=#input-author-notes>introduction section</a> for a discussion of
+ the difference between the input format and submission format for date, time, and number form
+ controls<span class=impl>, and the <a href=#input-impl-notes>implementation notes</a>
+ regarding localization of form controls</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified and not empty, must
+ have a value that is a <a href=#valid-week-string>valid week string</a>.</p> <!-- ok to set out-of-range value, we
+ never know when we might have to represent bogus input -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: If the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element is not a <a href=#valid-week-string>valid week string</a>, then
+ set it to the empty string instead.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that is
+ a <a href=#valid-week-string>valid week string</a>. The <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code> attribute, if
+ specified, must have a value that is a <a href=#valid-week-string>valid week string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute is expressed in weeks. <span class=impl>The <a href=#concept-input-step-scale title=concept-input-step-scale>step scale factor</a> is 604,800,000
+ (which converts the weeks to milliseconds, as used in the other algorithms).</span> The <a href=#concept-input-step-default title=concept-input-step-default>default step</a> is 1 week. <span class=impl>The <a href=#concept-input-step-default-base title=concept-input-step-default-base>default step base</a> is &minus;259,200,000 (the start
+ of week 1970-W01).</span></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>suffering from a step mismatch</a>, the user agent may round the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the nearest <a href=#concept-week title=concept-week>week</a> for which the element would not <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch title="suffering from a
+ step mismatch">suffer from a step mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ number</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: If <a href=#parse-a-week-string title="parse a week string">parsing a week string</a> from <var title="">input</var> results in
+ an error, then return an error; otherwise, return the number of milliseconds elapsed from midnight
+ UTC on the morning of 1970-01-01 (the time represented by the value "<code title="">1970-01-01T00:00:00.0Z</code>") to midnight UTC on the morning of the Monday of the
+ parsed <a href=#concept-week title=concept-week>week</a>, ignoring leap seconds.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a
+ string</a>, given a number <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return a
+ <a href=#valid-week-string>valid week string</a> that represents the <a href=#concept-week title=concept-week>week</a> that, in
+ UTC, is current <var title="">input</var> milliseconds after midnight UTC on the morning of
+ 1970-01-01 (the time represented by the value "<code title="">1970-01-01T00:00:00.0Z</code>").</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-date title=concept-input-value-string-date>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ <code>Date</code> object</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>:
+ If <a href=#parse-a-week-string title="parse a week string">parsing a week</a> from <var title="">input</var> results
+ in an error, then return an error; otherwise, return <a href=#create-a-date-object title="create a Date object">a new
+ <code>Date</code> object</a> representing midnight UTC on the morning of the Monday of the
+ parsed <a href=#concept-week title=concept-week>week</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-date-string title=concept-input-value-date-string>algorithm to convert a
+ <code>Date</code> object to a string</a>, given a <code>Date</code> object <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return a <a href=#valid-week-string>valid week string</a> that
+ represents the <a href=#concept-week title=concept-week>week</a> current at the time represented by <var title="">input</var> in the UTC time zone.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content attributes, IDL attributes, and
+ methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="time-state-(type=time)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.11 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-time>Time</dfn> state (<code title="">type=time</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#time-state-(type=time)" title=attr-input-type-time>Time</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for setting the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a string representing a specific <a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the <a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a> represented by its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, as obtained by <a href=#parse-a-time-string title="parse a time string">parsing a
+ time</a> from it. User agents must not allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a non-empty string that is not a <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time
+ string</a>. If the user agent provides a user interface for selecting a <a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a>, then the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> must be set
+ to a <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a> representing the user's selection. User agents should allow
+ the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the user interface describes input that the user
+ agent cannot convert to a <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a>, the control is <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering from bad
+ input</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>See the <a href=#input-author-notes>introduction section</a> for a discussion of
+ the difference between the input format and submission format for date, time, and number form
+ controls<span class=impl>, and the <a href=#input-impl-notes>implementation notes</a>
+ regarding localization of form controls</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified and not empty, must
+ have a value that is a <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a>.</p> <!-- ok to set out-of-range value, we
+ never know when we might have to represent bogus input -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: If the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element is not a <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a>, then
+ set it to the empty string instead.</p>
+
+ <p>The form control <a href=#has-a-periodic-domain>has a periodic domain</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that is
+ a <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a>. The <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code> attribute, if
+ specified, must have a value that is a <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute is expressed in seconds. <span class=impl>The <a href=#concept-input-step-scale title=concept-input-step-scale>step scale factor</a> is 1000 (which
+ converts the seconds to milliseconds, as used in the other algorithms).</span> The <a href=#concept-input-step-default title=concept-input-step-default>default step</a> is 60 seconds.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>suffering from a step mismatch</a>, the user agent may round the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the nearest <a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a> for which the element would not <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch title="suffering from a
+ step mismatch">suffer from a step mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ number</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: If <a href=#parse-a-time-string title="parse a time string">parsing a time</a> from <var title="">input</var> results in an
+ error, then return an error; otherwise, return the number of milliseconds elapsed from midnight to
+ the parsed <a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a> on a day with no time changes.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a
+ string</a>, given a number <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return a
+ <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a> that represents the <a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a> that is
+ <var title="">input</var> milliseconds after midnight on a day with no time changes.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-date title=concept-input-value-string-date>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ <code>Date</code> object</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>:
+ If <a href=#parse-a-time-string title="parse a time string">parsing a time</a> from <var title="">input</var> results
+ in an error, then return an error; otherwise, return <a href=#create-a-date-object title="create a Date object">a new
+ <code>Date</code> object</a> representing the parsed <a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a> in
+ UTC on 1970-01-01.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-date-string title=concept-input-value-date-string>algorithm to convert a
+ <code>Date</code> object to a string</a>, given a <code>Date</code> object <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return a <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a> that
+ represents the UTC <a href=#concept-time title=concept-time>time</a> component that is represented by <var title="">input</var>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content attributes, IDL attributes, and
+ methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.12 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-datetime-local>Local Date and Time</dfn> state (<code title="">type=datetime-local</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)" title=attr-input-type-datetime-local>Local Date and Time</a> state, the rules in
+ this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for setting the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a string representing a <a href=#concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>local date and time</a>, with no time-zone offset
+ information.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the <a href=#concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>date and time</a> represented by its
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, as obtained by <a href=#parse-a-local-date-and-time-string title="parse a local date and
+ time string">parsing a date and time</a> from it. User agents must not allow the user to set
+ the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a non-empty string that is not a <a href=#valid-normalised-local-date-and-time-string>valid
+ normalised local date and time string</a>. If the user agent provides a user interface for
+ selecting a <a href=#concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>local date and time</a>, then the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> must be set to a <a href=#valid-normalised-local-date-and-time-string>valid normalised local date and time
+ string</a> representing the user's selection. User agents should allow the user to set the
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the user interface describes input that the user
+ agent cannot convert to a <a href=#valid-normalised-local-date-and-time-string>valid normalised local date and time string</a>, the control is
+ <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering from bad input</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>See the <a href=#input-author-notes>introduction section</a> for a discussion of
+ the difference between the input format and submission format for date, time, and number form
+ controls<span class=impl>, and the <a href=#input-impl-notes>implementation notes</a>
+ regarding localization of form controls</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified and not empty, must
+ have a value that is a <a href=#valid-local-date-and-time-string>valid local date and time string</a>.</p> <!-- ok to set
+ out-of-range value, we never know when we might have to represent bogus input -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: If the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element is a <a href=#valid-local-date-and-time-string>valid local date and time
+ string</a>, then set it to a <a href=#valid-normalised-local-date-and-time-string>valid normalised local date and time string</a>
+ representing the same date and time; otherwise, set it to the empty string instead.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that is
+ a <a href=#valid-local-date-and-time-string>valid local date and time string</a>. The <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>
+ attribute, if specified, must have a value that is a <a href=#valid-local-date-and-time-string>valid local date and time
+ string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute is expressed in seconds. <span class=impl>The <a href=#concept-input-step-scale title=concept-input-step-scale>step scale factor</a> is 1000 (which
+ converts the seconds to milliseconds, as used in the other algorithms).</span> The <a href=#concept-input-step-default title=concept-input-step-default>default step</a> is 60 seconds.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>suffering from a step mismatch</a>, the user agent may round the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the nearest <a href=#concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>local date and time</a> for which the element would not <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch title="suffering from a step mismatch">suffer from a step mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ number</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: If <a href=#parse-a-local-date-and-time-string title="parse a local date and time string">parsing a date and time</a> from <var title="">input</var> results in an error, then return an error; otherwise, return the number of
+ milliseconds elapsed from midnight on the morning of 1970-01-01 (the time represented by the value
+ "<code title="">1970-01-01T00:00:00.0</code>") to the parsed <a href=#concept-datetime-local title=concept-datetime-local>local date and time</a>, ignoring leap seconds.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a
+ string</a>, given a number <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return a
+ <a href=#valid-normalised-local-date-and-time-string>valid normalised local date and time string</a> that represents the date and time that is
+ <var title="">input</var> milliseconds after midnight on the morning of 1970-01-01 (the time
+ represented by the value "<code title="">1970-01-01T00:00:00.0</code>").</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>See <a href=#only-contemporary-times>the note on historical dates</a> in the
+ <a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)" title=attr-input-type-datetime>Date and Time</a> state section.</p>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content
+ attributes, IDL attributes, and methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is
+ in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not
+ apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows part of a flight booking application. The application uses an
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with its <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute set to
+ <code title=attr-input-type-datetime-local><a href="#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)">datetime-local</a></code>, and it then interprets the
+ given date and time in the time zone of the selected airport.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt;Destination&lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Airport: &lt;input type=text name=to list=airports&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Departure time: &lt;input type=datetime-local name=totime step=3600&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;
+&lt;datalist id=airports&gt;
+ &lt;option value=ATL label="Atlanta"&gt;
+ &lt;option value=MEM label="Memphis"&gt;
+ &lt;option value=LHR label="London Heathrow"&gt;
+ &lt;option value=LAX label="Los Angeles"&gt;
+ &lt;option value=FRA label="Frankfurt"&gt;
+&lt;/datalist&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>If the application instead used the <code title=attr-input-type-datetime><a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)">datetime</a></code>
+ type, then the user would have to work out the time-zone conversions himself, which is clearly
+ not a good user experience!</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="number-state-(type=number)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.13 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-number>Number</dfn> state (<code title="">type=number</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for setting the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a string representing a number.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the number represented by its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, as
+ obtained from applying the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing floating-point number values</a> to it. User
+ agents must not allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a
+ non-empty string that is not a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a>. If the user agent
+ provides a user interface for selecting a number, then the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> must be set to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number title="best representation of the
+ number as a floating-point number">best representation of the number representing the user's
+ selection as a floating-point number</a>. User agents should allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the user interface describes input that the user
+ agent cannot convert to a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a>, the control is <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering
+ from bad input</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>This specification does not define what user interface user agents are to use;
+ user agent vendors are encouraged to consider what would best serve their users' needs. For
+ example, a user agent in Persian or Arabic markets might support Persian and Arabic numeric input
+ (converting it to the format required for submission as described above). Similarly, a user agent
+ designed for Romans might display the value in Roman numerals rather than in decimal; or (more
+ realistically) a user agent designed for the French market might display the value with
+ apostrophes between thousands and commas before the decimals, and allow the user to enter a value
+ in that manner, internally converting it to the submission format described above.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified and not empty, must
+ have a value that is a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a>.</p> <!-- ok to set out-of-range
+ value, we never know when we might have to represent bogus input -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: If the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element is not a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point
+ number</a>, then set it to the empty string instead.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that is
+ a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a>. The <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code> attribute,
+ if specified, must have a value that is a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><span class=impl>The <a href=#concept-input-step-scale title=concept-input-step-scale>step scale factor</a> is
+ 1.</span> The <a href=#concept-input-step-default title=concept-input-step-default>default step</a> is 1 (allowing only
+ integers to be selected by the user, unless the <a href=#concept-input-min-zero title=concept-input-min-zero>step
+ base</a> has a non-integer value).</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>suffering from a step mismatch</a>, the user agent may round the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the nearest number for which the element
+ would not <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch title="suffering from a step mismatch">suffer from a step mismatch</a>. If
+ there are two such numbers, user agents are encouraged to pick the one nearest positive
+ infinity.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ number</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: If applying the
+ <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing floating-point number values</a> to <var title="">input</var> results
+ in an error, then return an error; otherwise, return the resulting number.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a
+ string</a>, given a number <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return a
+ <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a> that represents <var title="">input</var>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content attributes, IDL attributes, and
+ methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of using a numeric input control:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;How much do you want to charge? $&lt;input type=number min=0 step=0.01 name=price&gt;&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>As described above, a user agent might support numeric input in the user's local format,
+ converting it to the format required for submission as described above. This might include
+ handling grouping separators (as in "872,000,000,000") and various decimal separators (such as
+ "3,99" vs "3.99") or using local digits (such as those in Arabic, Devanagari, Persian, and
+ Thai).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title="">type=number</code> state is not appropriate for input that
+ happens to only consist of numbers but isn't strictly speaking a number. For example, it would be
+ inappropriate for credit card numbers or US postal codes. A simple way of determining whether to
+ use <code title="">type=number</code> is to consider whether it would make sense for the input
+ control to have a spinbox interface (e.g. with "up" and "down" arrows). Getting a credit card
+ number wrong by 1 in the last digit isn't a minor mistake, it's as wrong as getting every digit
+ incorrect. So it would not make sense for the user to select a credit card number using "up" and
+ "down" buttons. When a spinbox interface is not appropriate, <code title="">type=text</code> is
+ probably the right choice (possibly with a <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>
+ attribute).</p>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id="range-state-(type=range)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.14 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-range>Range</dfn> state (<code title="">type=range</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#range-state-(type=range)" title=attr-input-type-range>Range</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>How the <a href="#range-state-(type=range)" title=attr-input-type-range>Range</a> state operates depends on whether the
+ <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is specified or not.</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>When the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is not specified on the
+ element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for setting the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a string representing a number, but with the
+ caveat that the exact value is not important, letting UAs provide a simpler interface than they
+ do for the <a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a> state.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the number represented by its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, as
+ obtained from applying the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing floating-point number values</a> to it.
+ User agents must not allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a
+ string that is not a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a>. If the user agent provides a user
+ interface for selecting a number, then the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> must be
+ set to a <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number title="best representation of the number as a floating-point number">best
+ representation of the number representing the user's selection as a floating-point
+ number</a>. User agents must not allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the user interface describes input that the
+ user agent cannot convert to a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a>, the control is
+ <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering from bad input</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value
+ that is a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a>.</p> <!-- ok to set out-of-range value, we
+ never know when we might have to represent bogus input; not ok to not have a value if the
+ attribute is present, since you can't not have a value (attribute missing is treated as implying
+ a default value) -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: If the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element is not a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point
+ number</a>, then set it to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number title="best representation of the number as a
+ floating-point number">best representation, as a floating-point number</a>, of the <a href=#concept-input-value-default-range title=concept-input-value-default-range>default value</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-input-value-default-range title=concept-input-value-default-range>default value</dfn> is the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a> plus half the difference between the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a> and the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>, unless the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a> is less than the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>, in which case the <a href=#concept-input-value-default-range title=concept-input-value-default-range>default value</a> is the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-an-underflow>suffering from an underflow</a>, the user agent must set the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number title="best representation
+ of the number as a floating-point number">best representation, as a floating-point
+ number</a>, of the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-an-overflow>suffering from an overflow</a>, if the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a> is not less than the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>, the user agent must set the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a> that
+ represents the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>suffering from a step mismatch</a>, the user agent must round
+ the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the nearest number for which the
+ element would not <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch title="suffering from a step mismatch">suffer from a step
+ mismatch</a>, and which is greater than or equal to the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>, and, if the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a> is not less than the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>, which is less than or equal to the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>, if there is a number that matches these constraints.
+ If two numbers match these constraints, then user agents must use the one nearest to positive
+ infinity.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, the markup
+ <code>&lt;input&nbsp;type="range"&nbsp;min=0&nbsp;max=100&nbsp;step=20&nbsp;value=50&gt;</code>
+ results in a range control whose initial value is 60.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of a range control using an autocomplete list with the <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code> attribute. This could be useful if there are values along
+ the full range of the control that are especially important, such as preconfigured light levels
+ or typical speed limits in a range control used as a speed control. The following markup
+ fragment:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input type="range" min="-100" max="100" value="0" step="10" name="power" list="powers"&gt;
+&lt;datalist id="powers"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="0"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="-30"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="30"&gt;
+<span class=bad> &lt;option value="++50"&gt;</span>
+&lt;/datalist&gt;
+</pre>
+
+ <p>...with the following style sheet applied:</p>
+
+ <pre>input { height: 75px; width: 49px; background: #D5CCBB; color: black; }</pre>
+
+ <p>...might render as:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-range.png width=49 alt="A vertical slider control whose primary color is black and whose background color is beige, with the slider having five tick marks, one long one at each extremity, and three short ones clustered around the midpoint." height=75><p>Note how the UA determined the orientation of the control from the ratio of the
+ style-sheet-specified height and width properties. The colors were similarly derived from the
+ style sheet. The tick marks, however, were derived from the markup. In particular, the <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute has not affected the placement of tick marks,
+ the UA deciding to only use the author-specified completion values and then adding longer tick
+ marks at the extremes.</p>
+
+ <p>Note also how the invalid value <code title="">++50</code> was completely ignored.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For another example, consider the following markup fragment:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input name=x type=range min=100 max=700 step=9.09090909 value=509.090909&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>A user agent could display in a variety of ways, for instance:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-range-2a.png width=231 alt="As a dial." height=57></p>
+
+ <p>Or, alternatively, for instance:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-range-2b.png width=445 alt="As a long horizontal slider with tick marks." height=56></p>
+
+ <p>The user agent could pick which one to display based on the dimensions given in the style
+ sheet. This would allow it to maintain the same resolution for the tick marks, despite the
+ differences in width.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Finally, here is an example of a range control with two labeled values:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input type="range" name="a" list="a-values"&gt;
+&lt;datalist id="a-values"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="10" label="Low"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="90" label="High"&gt;
+&lt;/datalist&gt;
+</pre>
+
+ <p>With styles that make the control draw vertically, it might look as follows:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-range-labels.png width=103 alt="A vertical slider control with two tick marks, one near the top labeled 'High', and one near the bottom labeled 'Low'." height=164></div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>When the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute <em>is</em> specified on
+ the element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for setting the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>value<em>s</em></a> to two strings representing numbers, but
+ with the caveat that the exact values are not important, enabling UAs provide a graphical
+ interface rather than requiring the user to type the numbers directly.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change either the first or second number represented by its <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>, as obtained from applying the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing
+ floating-point number values</a> to them, and ensuring that the first value is never larger
+ than the second value. User agents must not allow the user to set either the first or second of
+ the <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> to a string that is not a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid
+ floating-point number</a>. If the user agent provides a user interface for selecting a
+ number, then these <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> must be set to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number title="best representation of the number as a floating-point number">best representations of
+ the numbers representing the user's selections as floating-point numbers</a>. User agents
+ must not allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> to the empty
+ string.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the user interface describes input that the
+ user agent cannot convert to a pair of <a href=#valid-floating-point-number title="valid floating-point number">valid
+ floating-point numbers</a>, the control is <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering from bad input</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value
+ that is a pair of <a href=#valid-floating-point-number title="valid floating-point number">valid floating-point numbers</a>
+ separated by a single U+002C COMMA character (,).</p> <!-- ok to set out-of-range value, we
+ never know when we might have to represent bogus input; not ok to not have both values if the
+ attribute is present, since you can't not have a value (attribute missing is treated as implying
+ default values) -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#split-a-string-on-commas title="split a string on commas">Split on commas</a> the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there are not exactly two values, or if either value is not a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid
+ floating-point number</a>, then let the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> be a pair of values consisting of <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number title="best
+ representation of the number as a floating-point number">a best representation, as a
+ floating-point number</a>, of the element's <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>
+ and the element's <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>, with the smaller value
+ first.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Othwerwise, let the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> be the two
+ values, with the smaller value first.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> be the result of
+ concatenating the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>, separating them by
+ a single U+002C COMMA character (,), with the lower value coming first.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Whenever the user changes the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>, the
+ user agent must set the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the result of
+ concatenating the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>, separating them by a
+ single U+002C COMMA character (,), with the lower value coming first.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-an-underflow>suffering from an underflow</a>, the user agent must set either
+ of the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> that represent values less than
+ the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a> to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number title="best representation of
+ the number as a floating-point number">best representation, as a floating-point number</a>,
+ of the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-an-overflow>suffering from an overflow</a>, if the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a> is not less than the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>, the user agent must set either of the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> that represent values greater than the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a> to a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a> that
+ represents the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>suffering from a step mismatch</a>, the user agent must round
+ the values represented by the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> to, in
+ each case, the nearest number for which the element would not <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch title="suffering from a
+ step mismatch">suffer from a step mismatch</a>, and which is greater than or equal to the
+ <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>, and, if the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a> is not less than the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>, which is less than or equal to the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>, if there is a number that matches these constraints.
+ If two numbers match these constraints, then user agents must use the one nearest to positive
+ infinity.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever the user agent changes the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>
+ according to the three previous paragraphs, the user agent must set the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the result of concatenating the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>, separating them by a single U+002C COMMA character
+ (,), with the lower value coming first.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider a user interface that filters possible flights by departure and arrival time:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form ...&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt;Outbound flight time&lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;select ...&gt;
+ &lt;option&gt;Departure
+ &lt;option&gt;Arrival
+ &lt;/select&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;output name=o1&gt;00:00&lt;/output&gt; &ndash; &lt;output name=o2&gt;24:00&lt;/output&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;input type=range multiple min=0 max=24 value=0,24 step=1.0 ...
+ oninput="o1.value = valueLow + ':00'; o2.value = valueHigh + ':00'"&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ ...
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>With appropriate styling, this might look like:</p>
+
+ <img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-range-multiple.png alt="A control group with the label 'Outbound flight time', showing a drop-down that lets you select Departure vs Arrival, a two-handled range control that lets you set the start and end time of the range, and a label showing the currently selected times."></div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is set or removed, the
+ user agent must run the <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In this state, the range and step constraints are enforced even during user input,
+ and there is no way to set the value to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that is
+ a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a>. The <a href=#concept-input-min-default title=concept-input-min-default>default
+ minimum</a> is 0. The <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code> attribute, if specified, must
+ have a value that is a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a>. The <a href=#concept-input-max-default title=concept-input-max-default>default maximum</a> is 100.</p>
+
+ <p><span class=impl>The <a href=#concept-input-step-scale title=concept-input-step-scale>step scale factor</a> is
+ 1.</span> The <a href=#concept-input-step-default title=concept-input-step-default>default step</a> is 1 (allowing only
+ integers, unless the <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute has a non-integer
+ value).</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ number</a>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: If applying the
+ <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing floating-point number values</a> to <var title="">input</var> results
+ in an error, then return an error; otherwise, return the resulting number.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a
+ string</a>, given a number <var title="">input</var>, is as follows</strong>: Return the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number title="best representation of the number as a floating-point number">best representation, as a
+ floating-point number</a>, of <var title="">input</var>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content attributes, IDL attributes, and
+ methods <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code>, and
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> IDL attribute <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a> to the element if the <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> content attribute is not specified:
+ <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> IDL attributes <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element if the <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> content attribute <em>is</em> specified:
+ <code title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> IDL attributes <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element if the <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> content
+ attribute is not specified:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code> and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> IDL attribute <a href=#do-not-apply title="do not apply">does not
+ apply</a> to the element if the <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> content attribute <em>is</em> specified:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id="color-state-(type=color)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.15 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-color>Color</dfn> state (<code title="">type=color</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#color-state-(type=color)" title=attr-input-type-color>Color</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a color well control, for setting the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a string representing a <a href=#simple-color>simple
+ color</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>In this state, there is always a color picked, and there is no way to set the
+ value to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the color represented by its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, as
+ obtained from applying the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-simple-color-values>rules for parsing simple color values</a> to it. User agents
+ must not allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to a string that is
+ not a <a href=#valid-lowercase-simple-color>valid lowercase simple color</a>. If the user agent provides a user interface for
+ selecting a color, then the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> must be set to the result
+ of using the <a href=#rules-for-serializing-simple-color-values>rules for serializing simple color values</a> to the user's selection. User
+ agents must not allow the user to set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the empty
+ string.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: While the user interface describes input that the user
+ agent cannot convert to a <a href=#valid-lowercase-simple-color>valid lowercase simple color</a>, the control is
+ <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering from bad input</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if specified and not empty, must
+ have a value that is a <a href=#valid-simple-color>valid simple color</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>The <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a> is as follows</strong>: If the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element is a <a href=#valid-simple-color>valid simple color</a>, then
+ set it to the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII
+ lowercase</a>; otherwise, set it to the string "<code title="">#000000</code>".</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content attributes and IDL attributes <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> and
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.16 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</dfn> state (<code title="">type=checkbox</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state, the rules in this section
+ apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a two-state control that represents the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> state. If the element's <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> state is true, the control represents a positive
+ selection, and if it is false, a negative selection. If the element's <code title=dom-input-indeterminate><a href=#dom-input-indeterminate>indeterminate</a></code> IDL attribute is set to true, then the
+ control's selection should be obscured as if the control was in a third, indeterminate, state.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The control is never a true tri-state control, even if the element's <code title=dom-input-indeterminate><a href=#dom-input-indeterminate>indeterminate</a></code> IDL attribute is set to true. The <code title=dom-input-indeterminate><a href=#dom-input-indeterminate>indeterminate</a></code> IDL attribute only gives the appearance of a
+ third state.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, then: The <a href=#pre-click-activation-steps>pre-click
+ activation steps</a> consist of setting the element's <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> to its opposite value (i.e. true if it is false,
+ false if it is true), and of setting the element's <code title=dom-input-indeterminate><a href=#dom-input-indeterminate>indeterminate</a></code> IDL attribute to false. The <a href=#canceled-activation-steps>canceled
+ activation steps</a> consist of setting the <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> and the element's <code title=dom-input-indeterminate><a href=#dom-input-indeterminate>indeterminate</a></code> IDL attribute back to the values they had
+ before the <a href=#pre-click-activation-steps>pre-click activation steps</a> were run. The <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>
+ is to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> at the element and then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a>
+ that bubbles named <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> at the element. <!-- It's not
+ cancelable. Once this fires, the control is checked, end of story. --></p>
+
+ <p>If the element is not <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, it has no <a href=#activation-behavior>activation
+ behavior</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If the element is <i title=concept-input-required><a href=#concept-input-required>required</a></i> and its <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> is false, then the element is <a href=#suffering-from-being-missing>suffering from
+ being missing</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">input</var> . <code title=dom-input-indeterminate><a href=#dom-input-indeterminate>indeterminate</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>When set, overrides the rendering of <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>checkbox</a>
+ controls so that the current value is not visible.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content attributes and IDL attributes <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-default-on title=dom-input-value-default-on>default/on</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id="radio-button-state-(type=radio)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.17 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</dfn> state (<code title="">type=radio</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> state, the rules in this section
+ apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control that, when used in conjunction
+ with other <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements, forms a <i><a href=#radio-button-group>radio button group</a></i> in which only one
+ control can have its <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> state set to true. If the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> state is true, the control
+ represents the selected control in the group, and if it is false, it indicates a control in the
+ group that is not selected.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=radio-button-group><i>radio button group</i></dfn> that contains an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <var title="">a</var> also contains all the other <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements <var title="">b</var>
+ that fulfill all of the following conditions:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <var title="">b</var>'s <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio
+ Button</a> state.</li>
+
+ <li>Either <var title="">a</var> and <var title="">b</var> have the same <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>,
+ or they both have no <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Both <var title="">a</var> and <var title="">b</var> are in the same <a href=#home-subtree>home
+ subtree</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>They both have a <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute, their <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attributes are not empty, and the value of <var title="">a</var>'s <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute is a <a href=#compatibility-caseless>compatibility
+ caseless</a> match for the value of <var title="">b</var>'s <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>A document must not contain an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <i><a href=#radio-button-group>radio button group</a></i>
+ contains only that element.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When any of the following phenomena occur, if the element's <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> state is true after the occurrence, the <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> state of all the other elements in the same <i><a href=#radio-button-group>radio
+ button group</a></i> must be set to false:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The element's <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> state is set to true (for
+ whatever reason).</li>
+
+ <li>The element's <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute is set, changed, or
+ removed.</li>
+
+ <li>The element's <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> changes.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, then: The <a href=#pre-click-activation-steps>pre-click
+ activation steps</a> consist of setting the element's <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> to true. The <a href=#canceled-activation-steps>canceled activation steps</a>
+ consist of setting the element's <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> to false.
+ The <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> is to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named
+ <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> at the element and then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> at the element.
+ <!-- It's not cancelable. Once this fires, the control is checked, end of story. -->.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element is not <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, it has no <a href=#activation-behavior>activation
+ behavior</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If an element in the <i><a href=#radio-button-group>radio button group</a></i> is <i title=concept-input-required><a href=#concept-input-required>required</a></i>, and all of the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements in the
+ <i><a href=#radio-button-group>radio button group</a></i> have a <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> that is
+ false, then the element is <a href=#suffering-from-being-missing>suffering from being missing</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>If none of the radio buttons in a <a href=#radio-button-group>radio button group</a> are checked when
+ they are inserted into the document, then they will all be initially unchecked in the interface,
+ until such time as one of them is checked (either by the user or by script).</p>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content attributes and IDL attributes <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code> and
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-default-on title=dom-input-value-default-on>default/on</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id="file-upload-state-(type=file)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.18 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-file>File Upload</dfn> state (<code title="">type=file</code>)</h6>
+
+ <!-- v2 ideas:
+ * maximum height/width or required ratio for image uploads? - Leons Petrazickis
+ * maximum per-file upload size - Alfonso Mart&iacute;nez de Lizarrondo
+ -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)" title=attr-input-type-file>File Upload</a> state, the rules in this section
+ apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a list of <dfn id=concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected files</dfn>, each file consisting of a file
+ name, a file type, and a file body (the contents of the file).</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>File names must not contain <a href=#concept-input-file-path title=concept-input-file-path>path components</a>, even
+ in the case that a user has selected an entire directory hierarchy or multiple files with the same
+ name from different directories. <dfn id=concept-input-file-path title=concept-input-file-path>Path components</dfn>, for
+ the purposes of the <a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)" title=attr-input-type-file>File Upload</a> state, are those parts
+ of file names that are separated by U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\) characters.</p>
+
+ <p>Unless the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is set, there must be
+ no more than one file in the list of <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected
+ files</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, then the element's
+ <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> is to run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the algorithm is not <a href=#allowed-to-show-a-popup>allowed to show a popup</a>, then abort these steps
+ without doing anything else.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return, but continue running these steps asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Optionally, wait until any prior execution of this algorithm has terminated.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Display a prompt to the user requesting that the user specify some files. If the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is not set, there must be no more than one
+ file selected; otherwise, any number may be selected. Files can be from the filesystem or created
+ on the fly, e.g. a picture taken from a camera connected to the user's device.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Wait for the user to have made their selection.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to first update the element's <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected files</a> so that it represents the user's
+ selection, then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element, and finally <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire
+ a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the
+ user to change the files on the list in other ways also, e.g. adding or removing files by
+ drag-and-drop. When the user does so, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to first
+ update the element's <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected files</a> so that
+ it represents the user's new selection, then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named
+ <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element, and finally
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element is not <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, it has no <a href=#activation-behavior>activation
+ behavior</a> and the user agent must not allow the user to change the element's selection.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If the element is <i title=concept-input-required><a href=#concept-input-required>required</a></i> and the list of <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected files</a> is empty, then the element is
+ <a href=#suffering-from-being-missing>suffering from being missing</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-input-accept title=attr-input-accept><code>accept</code></dfn> attribute may be specified to
+ provide user agents with a hint of what file types will be accepted.</p>
+
+ <p>If specified, the attribute must consist of a <a href=#set-of-comma-separated-tokens>set of comma-separated tokens</a>, each
+ of which must be an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for one of the following:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The string <code title="">audio/*</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Indicates that sound files are accepted.</dd>
+
+ <dt>The string <code title="">video/*</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Indicates that video files are accepted.</dd>
+
+ <dt>The string <code title="">image/*</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Indicates that image files are accepted.</dd>
+
+ <dt>A <a href=#valid-mime-type-with-no-parameters>valid MIME type with no parameters</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>Indicates that files of the specified type are accepted.</dd>
+
+ <dt>A string whose first character is a U+002E FULL STOP character (.)</dt>
+
+ <dd>Indicates that files with the specified file extension are accepted.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The tokens must not be <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> matches for any of the other tokens
+ (i.e. duplicates are not allowed). <span class=impl>To obtain the list of tokens from the
+ attribute, the user agent must <a href=#split-a-string-on-commas title="split a string on commas">split the attribute value on
+ commas</a>.</span></p>
+
+ <p>User agents may use the value of this attribute to display a more appropriate user interface
+ than a generic file picker. For instance, given the value <code title="">image/*</code>, a user
+ agent could offer the user the option of using a local camera or selecting a photograph from their
+ photo collection; given the value <code title="">audio/*</code>, a user agent could offer the user
+ the option of recording a clip using a headset microphone.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents should prevent the user from selecting files that are not accepted by one (or more)
+ of these tokens.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>Authors are encouraged to specify both any MIME types and any corresponding
+ extensions when looking for data in a specific format.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, consider an application that converts Microsoft Word documents to Open Document
+ Format files. Since Microsoft Word documents are described with a wide variety of MIME types and
+ extensions, the site can list several, as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input type="file" accept=".doc,.docx,.xml,application/msword,application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>On platforms that only use file extensions to describe file types, the extensions listed here
+ can be used to filter the allowed documents, while the MIME types can be used with the system's
+ type registration table (mapping MIME types to extensions used by the system), if any, to
+ determine any other extensions to allow. Similarly, on a system that does not have file names or
+ extensions but labels documents with MIME types internally, the MIME types can be used to pick
+ the allowed files, while the extensions can be used if the system has an extension registration
+ table that maps known extensions to MIME types used by the system.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=warning>Extensions tend to be ambiguous (e.g. there are an untold number of formats
+ that use the "<code title="">.dat</code>" extension, and users can typically quite easily rename
+ their files to have a "<code title="">.doc</code>" extension even if they are not Microsoft Word
+ documents), and MIME types tend to be unreliable (e.g. many formats have no formally registered
+ types, and many formats are in practice labeled using a number of different MIME types). Authors
+ are reminded that, as usual, data received from a client should be treated with caution, as it may
+ not be in an expected format even if the user is not hostile and the user agent fully obeyed the
+ <code title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code> attribute's requirements.</p>
+
+ <div class=example id=fakepath-srsly>
+
+ <p>For historical reasons, the <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute prefixes
+ the file name with the string "<code title="">C:\fakepath\</code>". Some legacy user agents
+ actually included the full path (which was a security vulnerability). As a result of this,
+ obtaining the file name from the <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute in a
+ backwards-compatible way is non-trivial. The following function extracts the file name in a
+ suitably compatible manner:</p>
+
+ <pre>function extractFilename(path) {
+ if (path.substr(0, 12) == "C:\\fakepath\\")
+ return path.substr(12); // modern browser
+ var x;
+ x = path.lastIndexOf('/');
+ if (x &gt;= 0) // Unix-based path
+ return path.substr(x+1);
+ x = path.lastIndexOf('\\');
+ if (x &gt;= 0) // Windows-based path
+ return path.substr(x+1);
+ return path; // just the file name
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>This can be used as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=file name=image onchange="updateFilename(this.value)"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;The name of the file you picked is: &lt;span id="filename"&gt;(none)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ function updateFilename(path) {
+ var name = extractFilename(path);
+ document.getElementById('filename').textContent = name;
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <!-- How useful this actually is... is unclear. -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content attributes and IDL attributes <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-filename title=dom-input-value-filename>filename</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The element's <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute must be omitted.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id="submit-button-state-(type=submit)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.19 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-submit>Submit Button</dfn> state (<code title="">type=submit</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#submit-button-state-(type=submit)" title=attr-input-type-submit>Submit Button</a> state, the rules in this section
+ apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a button that, when activated, submits
+ the form. <span class=impl>If the element has a <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code>
+ attribute, the button's label must be the value of that attribute; otherwise, it must be an
+ implementation-defined string that means "Submit" or some such.</span> The element is a <a href=#concept-button title=concept-button>button</a>, specifically a <a href=#concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit
+ button</a>.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, then the element's
+ <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> is as follows: if the element has a <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>,
+ and the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>,
+ <a href=#concept-form-submit title=concept-form-submit>submit</a> the <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> from the
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element; otherwise, do nothing.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element is not <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, it has no <a href=#activation-behavior>activation
+ behavior</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>, and <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code> attributes are <a href=#attributes-for-form-submission>attributes for form
+ submission</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code> attribute can be
+ used to make submit buttons that do not trigger the constraint validation.</p>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content attributes and IDL attributes <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-default title=dom-input-value-default>default</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code class=no-backref title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code class=no-backref title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="image-button-state-(type=image)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.20 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</dfn> state (<code title="">type=image</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, the rules in this section
+ apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> either an image from which a user can
+ select a coordinate and submit the form, or alternatively a button from which the user can submit
+ the form. The element is a <a href=#concept-button title=concept-button>button</a>, specifically a <a href=#concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit button</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The coordinate is sent to the server <a href=#constructing-the-form-data-set title="constructing the form data
+ set">during form submission</a> by sending two entries for the element, derived from the name
+ of the control but with "<code title="">.x</code>" and "<code title="">.y</code>" appended to the
+ name with the <var title="">x</var> and <var title="">y</var> components of the coordinate
+ respectively.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The image is given by the <dfn id=attr-input-src title=attr-input-src><code>src</code></dfn> attribute. The
+ <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code> attribute must be present, and must contain a <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid
+ non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a> referencing a non-interactive, optionally
+ animated, image resource that is neither paged nor scripted.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When any of the following events occur, unless the user agent cannot support images, or its
+ support for images has been disabled, or the user agent only fetches elements on demand, or the
+ <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code> attribute's value is the empty string, the user agent must
+ <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolve</a> the value of the <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code> attribute, relative to the element, and if that is successful,
+ must <a href=#fetch>fetch</a><!--FETCH--> the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>:</p> <!-- Note how
+ this does NOT happen when the base URL changes. --> <!-- http-origin privacy sensitive -->
+
+ <ul><li>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is first
+ set to the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state (possibly when the
+ element is first created), and the <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code> attribute is
+ present.</li>
+
+ <li>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is
+ changed back to the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, and the <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code> attribute is present, and its value has changed since the last
+ time the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute was in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state.</li>
+
+ <li>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, and the <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code> attribute is set or changed.</li>
+
+ </ul><!-- same text in <img> section and similar text elsewhere --><p>Fetching the image must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of the element's document until the
+ <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by the
+ <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> once the resource has been <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a>
+ (defined below) has been run.</p>
+
+ <p>If the image was successfully obtained, with no network errors, and the image's type is a
+ supported image type, and the image is a valid image of that type, then the image is said to be
+ <dfn id=input-img-available title=input-img-available><i>available</i></dfn>. If this is true before the image is
+ completely downloaded, each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a
+ task">queued</a> by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> while the image is being <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> must update the presentation of the image appropriately.</p>
+
+ <p>The user agent should apply the <a href=#content-type-sniffing:-image title="Content-Type sniffing: image">image sniffing
+ rules</a> to determine the type of the image, with the image's <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>associated Content-Type headers</a> giving the <var title="">official
+ type</var>. If these rules are not applied, then the type of the image must be the type given by
+ the image's <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>associated Content-Type headers</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must not support non-image resources with the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element. User
+ agents must not run executable code embedded in the image resource. User agents must only display
+ the first page of a multipage resource. User agents must not allow the resource to act in an
+ interactive fashion, but should honor any animation in the resource.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by
+ the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> once the resource has been <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a>, must, if the download was successful and the image is <i title=input-img-available><a href=#input-img-available>available</a></i>, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element; and
+ otherwise, if the fetching process fails without a response from the remote server, or completes
+ but the image is not a valid or supported image, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> on the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <hr></div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-alt title=attr-input-alt><code>alt</code></dfn> attribute provides the textual label for
+ the button for users and user agents who cannot use the image. The <code title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code> attribute must be present, and must contain a non-empty string
+ giving the label that would be appropriate for an equivalent button if the image was
+ unavailable.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element supports <a href=#dimension-attributes>dimension attributes</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>If the <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code> attribute is set, and the image is <i title=input-img-available><a href=#input-img-available>available</a></i> and the user agent is configured to display that image,
+ then: The element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for selecting a <a href=#concept-input-type-image-coordinate title=concept-input-type-image-coordinate>coordinate</a> from the image specified by the
+ <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code> attribute; if the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the user agent should allow the user to select this <a href=#concept-input-type-image-coordinate title=concept-input-type-image-coordinate>coordinate</a>, and the element's <a href=#activation-behavior>activation
+ behavior</a> is as follows: if the element has a <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>, and the element's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>, take the user's selected <a href=#concept-input-type-image-coordinate title=concept-input-type-image-coordinate>coordinate</a>, and <a href=#concept-form-submit title=concept-form-submit>submit</a> the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>
+ from the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element. If the user activates the control without explicitly
+ selecting a coordinate, then the coordinate (0,0) must be assumed.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a submit button whose label is given by the
+ value of the <code title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code> attribute; if the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, then the element's <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> is as
+ follows: if the element has a <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>, and the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is
+ <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>, set the <a href=#concept-input-type-image-coordinate title=concept-input-type-image-coordinate>selected
+ coordinate</a> to (0,0), and <a href=#concept-form-submit title=concept-form-submit>submit</a> the
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> from the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>In either case, if the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i> but has no
+ <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> or the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>,
+ then its <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> must be to do nothing. If the element is not <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, it has no <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-input-type-image-coordinate title=concept-input-type-image-coordinate>selected coordinate</dfn> must consist of
+ an <var title="">x</var>-component and a <var title="">y</var>-component. The coordinates
+ represent the position relative to the edge of the image, with the coordinate space having the
+ positive <var title="">x</var> direction to the right, and the positive <var title="">y</var>
+ direction downwards.</p>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">x</var>-component must be a <a href=#valid-integer>valid integer</a> representing a number
+ <var title="">x</var> in the range <span title="">&minus;(<var title="">border<sub title="">left</sub></var>+<var title="">padding<sub title="">left</sub></var>) &le; <var title="">x</var> &le; <var title="">width</var>+<var title="">border<sub title="">right</sub></var>+<var title="">padding<sub title="">right</sub></var></span>, where <var title="">width</var> is the rendered width of the image, <var title="">border<sub title="">left</sub></var> is the width of the border on the left of the image, <var title="">padding<sub title="">left</sub></var> is the width of the padding on the left of the
+ image, <var title="">border<sub title="">right</sub></var> is the width of the border on the right
+ of the image, and <var title="">padding<sub title="">right</sub></var> is the width of the padding
+ on the right of the image, with all dimensions given in CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">y</var>-component must be a <a href=#valid-integer>valid integer</a> representing a number
+ <var title="">y</var> in the range <span title="">&minus;(<var title="">border<sub title="">top</sub></var>+<var title="">padding<sub title="">top</sub></var>) &le; <var title="">y</var> &le; <var title="">height</var>+<var title="">border<sub title="">bottom</sub></var>+<var title="">padding<sub title="">bottom</sub></var></span>, where
+ <var title="">height</var> is the rendered height of the image, <var title="">border<sub title="">top</sub></var> is the width of the border above the image, <var title="">padding<sub title="">top</sub></var> is the width of the padding above the image, <var title="">border<sub title="">bottom</sub></var> is the width of the border below the image, and <var title="">padding<sub title="">bottom</sub></var> is the width of the padding below the image, with
+ all dimensions given in CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ <p>Where a border or padding is missing, its width is zero CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ <hr></div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>, and <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code> attributes are <a href=#attributes-for-form-submission>attributes for form
+ submission</a>.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">image</var> . <code title=dom-input-width><a href=#dom-input-width>width</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">image</var> . <code title=dom-input-height><a href=#dom-input-height>height</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>These attributes return the actual rendered dimensions of the image, or zero if the
+ dimensions are not known.</p>
+
+ <p>They can be set, to change the corresponding content attributes.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The following common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element content attributes and IDL attributes <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to the element:
+ <code title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> content attributes;
+ <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute is in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-default title=dom-input-value-default>default</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The element's <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute must be omitted.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code class=no-backref title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code class=no-backref title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>Many aspects of this state's behavior are similar to the behavior of the
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element. Readers are encouraged to read that section, where many of the same
+ requirements are described in more detail.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Take the following form:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="process.cgi"&gt;
+ &lt;input type=image src=map.png name=where alt="Show location list"&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>If the user clicked on the image at coordinate (127,40) then the URL used to submit the form
+ would be "<code title="">process.cgi?where.x=127&amp;where.y=40</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>(In this example, it's assumed that for users who don't see the map, and who instead just see
+ a button labeled "Show location list", clicking the button will cause the server to show a list
+ of locations to pick from instead of the map.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id="reset-button-state-(type=reset)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.21 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-reset>Reset Button</dfn> state (<code title="">type=reset</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#reset-button-state-(type=reset)" title=attr-input-type-reset>Reset Button</a> state, the rules in this section
+ apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a button that, when activated, resets
+ the form. <span class=impl>If the element has a <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code>
+ attribute, the button's label must be the value of that attribute; otherwise, it must be an
+ implementation-defined string that means "Reset" or some such.</span> The element is a <a href=#concept-button title=concept-button>button</a>.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, then the element's
+ <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>, if the element has a <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> and the element's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>, is to <a href=#concept-form-reset title=concept-form-reset>reset</a> the <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>; otherwise, it is to do
+ nothing.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element is not <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, it has no <a href=#activation-behavior>activation
+ behavior</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: The element is <a href=#barred-from-constraint-validation>barred from constraint
+ validation</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a> to this element and is in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-default title=dom-input-value-default>default</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code class=no-backref title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code class=no-backref title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id="button-state-(type=button)"><span class=secno>4.10.5.1.22 </span><dfn title=attr-input-type-button>Button</dfn> state (<code title="">type=button</code>)</h6>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#button-state-(type=button)" title=attr-input-type-button>Button</a> state, the rules in this section apply.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a button with no default behavior. A
+ label for the button must be provided in the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code>
+ attribute, though it may be the empty string. <span class=impl>If the element has a <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, the button's label must be the value of that
+ attribute; otherwise, it must be the empty string.</span> The element is a <a href=#concept-button title=concept-button>button</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, the element's <a href=#activation-behavior>activation
+ behavior</a> is to do nothing.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element is not <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, it has no <a href=#activation-behavior>activation
+ behavior</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: The element is <a href=#barred-from-constraint-validation>barred from constraint
+ validation</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=bookkeeping>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a> to this element and is in mode <a href=#dom-input-value-default title=dom-input-value-default>default</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following content attributes must not be specified and <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the
+ element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following IDL attributes and methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a> to the element:
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> IDL attributes;
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code>,
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code>, and
+ <code class=no-backref title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code class=no-backref title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code class=no-backref title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=input-impl-notes><span class=secno>4.10.5.2 </span>Implemention notes regarding localization of form controls</h5>
+ <!-- ID referenced from other parts of the spec -->
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The formats shown to the user in date, time, and number controls is independent of the format
+ used for form submission.</p>
+
+ <p>Browsers are encouraged to use user interfaces that present dates, times, and numbers according
+ to the conventions of either the locale implied by the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's
+ <a href=#language>language</a> or the user's preferred locale. Using the page's locale will ensure
+ consistency with page-provided data.
+
+ <p class=example>For example, it would be confusing to users if an American English page claimed
+ that a Cirque De Soleil show was going to be showing on 02/03<!-- Feb 3 (year) -->, but their
+ browser, configured to use the British English locale, only showed the date 03/02<!-- 3 Feb (year)
+ --> in the ticket purchase date picker. Using the page's locale would at least ensure that the
+ date was presented in the same format everywhere. (There's still a risk that the user would end up
+ arriving a month late, of course, but there's only so much that can be done about such cultural
+ differences...)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=common-input-element-attributes><span class=secno>4.10.5.3 </span>Common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element attributes</h5>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>These attributes only <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a> to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>
+ element if its <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in a state whose definition
+ declares that the attribute <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a>. When an attribute
+ <a href=#do-not-apply title="do not apply">doesn't apply</a> to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element, user agents must
+ <a href=#ignore>ignore</a> the attribute, regardless of the requirements and definitions below.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-maxlength-and-minlength-attributes><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.1 </span>The <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code> and <code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code> attributes</h6>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-maxlength title=attr-input-maxlength><code>maxlength</code></dfn> attribute<span class=impl>, when it <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a>,</span> is a <a href=#attr-fe-maxlength title=attr-fe-maxlength>form control <code title="">maxlength</code> attribute</a><span class=impl> controlled by the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-input-value-dirty-flag title=concept-input-value-dirty-flag>dirty value flag</a></span>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-minlength title=attr-input-minlength><code>minlength</code></dfn> attribute<span class=impl>, when it <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a>,</span> is a <a href=#attr-fe-minlength title=attr-fe-minlength>form control <code title="">minlength</code> attribute</a><span class=impl> controlled by the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-input-value-dirty-flag title=concept-input-value-dirty-flag>dirty value flag</a></span>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element has a <a href=#maximum-allowed-value-length>maximum allowed value length</a>, then the
+ <a href=#code-unit-length>code-unit length</a> of the value of the element's <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute must be equal to or less than the element's
+ <a href=#maximum-allowed-value-length>maximum allowed value length</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- we allow the default to be smaller than the minimum, so that you can have incomplete, but not
+ empty, input already in the form, like a template that needs to be filled in -->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following extract shows how a messaging client's text entry could be arbitrarily
+ restricted to a fixed number of characters, thus forcing any conversation through this medium to
+ be terse and discouraging intelligent discourse.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;What are you doing? &lt;input name=status maxlength=140&gt;&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, a password is given a minimum length:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Username: &lt;input name=u required&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Password: &lt;input name=p required minlength=12&gt;&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-size-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.2 </span>The <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code> attribute</h6>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-size title=attr-input-size><code>size</code></dfn> attribute gives the number of
+ characters that, in a visual rendering, the user agent is to allow the user to see while editing
+ the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that
+ is a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the attribute is present, then its value must be parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing
+ non-negative integers</a>, and if the result is a number greater than zero, then the user agent
+ should ensure that at least that many characters are visible.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-input-size><a href=#dom-input-size>size</a></code> IDL attribute is <a href=#limited-to-only-non-negative-numbers-greater-than-zero>limited to only
+ non-negative numbers greater than zero</a> and has a default value of 20.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-readonly-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.3 </span>The <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute</h6>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-readonly title=attr-input-readonly><code>readonly</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a> that controls whether or not the user can edit the form control. <span class=impl>When specified, the element is not <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If the <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute is specified on an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>
+ element, the element is <a href=#barred-from-constraint-validation>barred from constraint validation</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The difference between <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> and <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> is that read-only controls are still focusable, so the
+ user can still select the text and interact with it, whereas disabled controls are entirely
+ non-interactive. (For this reason, only text controls can be made read-only: it wouldn't make
+ sense for checkboxes or buttons, for instances.)</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the existing product identifiers cannot be modified, but they are
+ still displayed as part of the form, for consistency with the row representing a new product
+ (where the identifier is not yet filled in).</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="products.cgi" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"&gt;
+ &lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt; Product ID &lt;th&gt; Product name &lt;th&gt; Price &lt;th&gt; Action
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;input readonly="readonly" name="1.pid" value="H412"&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;input required="required" name="1.pname" value="Floor lamp Ulke"&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; $&lt;input required="required" type="number" min="0" step="0.01" name="1.pprice" value="49.99"&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;button formnovalidate="formnovalidate" name="action" value="delete:1"&gt;Delete&lt;/button&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;input readonly="readonly" name="2.pid" value="FG28"&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;input required="required" name="2.pname" value="Table lamp Ulke"&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; $&lt;input required="required" type="number" min="0" step="0.01" name="2.pprice" value="24.99"&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;button formnovalidate="formnovalidate" name="action" value="delete:2"&gt;Delete&lt;/button&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;input required="required" name="3.pid" value="" pattern="[A-Z0-9]+"&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;input required="required" name="3.pname" value=""&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; $&lt;input required="required" type="number" min="0" step="0.01" name="3.pprice" value=""&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; &lt;button formnovalidate="formnovalidate" name="action" value="delete:3"&gt;Delete&lt;/button&gt;
+ &lt;/table&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; &lt;button formnovalidate="formnovalidate" name="action" value="add"&gt;Add&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; &lt;button name="action" value="update"&gt;Save&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-required-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.4 </span>The <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code> attribute</h6>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-required title=attr-input-required><code>required</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. When specified, the element is <dfn id=concept-input-required title=concept-input-required><i>required</i></dfn>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If the element is <i title=concept-input-required><a href=#concept-input-required>required</a></i>, and its <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code>
+ IDL attribute <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a> and is in the mode <a href=#dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</a>, and the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>, and the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is the empty string, then the element is <a href=#suffering-from-being-missing>suffering
+ from being missing</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following form has two required fields, one for an e-mail address and one for a password.
+ It also has a third field that is only considered valid if the user types the same password in
+ the password field and this third field.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1&gt;Create new account&lt;/h1&gt;
+&lt;form action="/newaccount" method=post
+ oninput="up2.setCustomValidity(up2.value != up.value ? 'Passwords do not match.' : '')"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;label for="username"&gt;E-mail address:&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;input id="username" type=email required name=un&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;label for="password1"&gt;Password:&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;input id="password1" type=password required name=up&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;label for="password2"&gt;Confirm password:&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;input id="password2" type=password name=up2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;input type=submit value="Create account"&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For radio buttons, the <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code> attribute is
+ satisfied if any of the radio buttons in the <a href=#radio-button-group title="radio button group">group</a> is
+ selected. Thus, in the following example, any of the radio buttons can be checked, not just the
+ one marked as required:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt;Did the movie pass the Bechdel test?&lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type="radio" name="bechdel" value="no-characters"&gt; No, there are not even two female characters in the movie. &lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type="radio" name="bechdel" value="no-names"&gt; No, the female characters never talk to each other. &lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type="radio" name="bechdel" value="no-topic"&gt; No, when female characters talk to each other it's always about a male character. &lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type="radio" name="bechdel" value="yes" <strong>required</strong>&gt; Yes. &lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type="radio" name="bechdel" value="unknown"&gt; I don't know. &lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>To avoid confusion as to whether a <a href=#radio-button-group>radio button group</a> is required or not, authors
+ are encouraged to specify the attribute on all the radio buttons in a group. Indeed, in general,
+ authors are encouraged to avoid having radio button groups that do not have any initially checked
+ controls in the first place, as this is a state that the user cannot return to, and is therefore
+ generally considered a poor user interface.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-multiple-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.5 </span>The <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute</h6>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-multiple title=attr-input-multiple><code>multiple</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a> that indicates whether the user is to be allowed to specify more than one
+ value.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following extract shows how an e-mail client's "Cc" field could accept multiple e-mail
+ addresses.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;Cc: &lt;input type=email multiple name=cc&gt;&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>If the user had, amongst many friends in his user contacts database, two friends "Arthur Dent"
+ (with address "art@example.net") and "Adam Josh" (with address "adamjosh@example.net"), then,
+ after the user has typed "a", the user agent might suggest these two e-mail addresses to the
+ user.</p>
+
+ <!-- Having alternative text in the following image would be bogus and non-conforming use of
+ HTML, since the image is redundant with the previous paragraph. In particular, just describing
+ the image would be especially bad for accessibility as it would be disorienting, there having
+ been no mention that an image is present. -->
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-email-1.png width=500 alt="" height=140></p>
+
+ <p>The page could also link in the user's contacts database from the site:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;Cc: &lt;input type=email multiple name=cc list=contacts&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+...
+&lt;datalist id="contacts"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="hedral@damowmow.com"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="pillar@example.com"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="astrophy@cute.example"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="astronomy@science.example.org"&gt;
+&lt;/datalist&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Suppose the user had entered "bob@example.net" into this text field, and then started typing a
+ second e-mail address starting with "a". The user agent might show both the two friends mentioned
+ earlier, as well as the "astrophy" and "astronomy" values given in the <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ <!-- As above, having a non-empty alt="" attribute on the following image would be dumb, which is
+ why it's left blank. The pertinent parts of the image are already described in the prose, and the
+ non-pertinent parts aren't relevant to users who can't see the image, obviously. -->
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-email-2.png width=500 alt="" height=171></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following extract shows how an e-mail client's "Attachments" field could accept multiple
+ files for upload.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;Attachments: &lt;input type=file multiple name=att&gt;&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-pattern-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.6 </span>The <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code> attribute</h6>
+
+ <!-- if more text control types start supporting multiple="", this will need to be refactored -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-pattern title=attr-input-pattern><code>pattern</code></dfn> attribute specifies a regular
+ expression against which the control's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, or, when the
+ <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a> and is set, the control's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>, are to be checked.</p>
+
+ <p>If specified, the attribute's value must match the JavaScript <i title="">Pattern</i>
+ production. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>
+ attribute specified, and the attribute's value, when compiled as a JavaScript regular expression
+ with the <code title="">global</code>, <code title="">ignoreCase</code>, and <code title="">multiline</code> flags <em>disabled</em> (see ECMA262 Edition 5, sections 15.10.7.2
+ through 15.10.7.4), compiles successfully, then the resulting regular expression is the element's
+ <dfn id=compiled-pattern-regular-expression>compiled pattern regular expression</dfn>. If the element has no such attribute, or if the
+ value doesn't compile successfully, then the element has no <a href=#compiled-pattern-regular-expression>compiled pattern regular
+ expression</a>. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is not the empty string, and either the element's <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is not specified or it <a href=#do-not-apply title="do not
+ apply">does not apply</a> to the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element given its <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state, and the element has a
+ <a href=#compiled-pattern-regular-expression>compiled pattern regular expression</a> but that regular expression does not match the
+ entirety of the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, then the element is
+ <a href=#suffering-from-a-pattern-mismatch>suffering from a pattern mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is not the empty string, and the element's <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is specified and <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a> to the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element, and the element has
+ a <a href=#compiled-pattern-regular-expression>compiled pattern regular expression</a> but that regular expression does not match the
+ entirety of each of the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>, then the
+ element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-pattern-mismatch>suffering from a pattern mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#compiled-pattern-regular-expression>compiled pattern regular expression</a>, when matched against a string, must have
+ its start anchored to the start of the string and its end anchored to the end of the string.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This implies that the regular expression language used for this attribute is the
+ same as that used in JavaScript, except that the <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>
+ attribute is matched against the entire value, not just any subset (somewhat as if it implied a
+ <code title="">^(?:</code> at the start of the pattern and a <code title="">)$</code> at the
+ end).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>
+ attribute specified, authors should include a <dfn id=attr-input-title title=attr-input-title><code>title</code></dfn> attribute to give a description of the pattern.
+ User agents may use the contents of this attribute, if it is present, when informing the user that
+ the pattern is not matched, or at any other suitable time, such as in a tooltip or read out by
+ assistive technology when the control <a href=#gains-focus>gains focus</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>For example, the following snippet:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt; Part number:
+ &lt;input pattern="[0-9][A-Z]{3}" name="part"
+ title="A part number is a digit followed by three uppercase letters."/&gt;
+&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+ <p>...could cause the UA to display an alert such as:</p>
+ <pre><samp>A part number is a digit followed by three uppercase letters.
+You cannot submit this form when the field is incorrect.</samp></pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>When a control has a <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code> attribute, the <code title=attr-input-title><a href=#attr-input-title>title</a></code> attribute, if used, must describe the pattern. Additional
+ information could also be included, so long as it assists the user in filling in the control.
+ Otherwise, assistive technology would be impaired.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For instance, if the title attribute contained the caption of the control,
+ assistive technology could end up saying something like <samp>The text you have entered does not
+ match the required pattern. Birthday</samp>, which is not useful.</p>
+
+ <p>UAs may still show the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> in non-error situations (for
+ example, as a tooltip when hovering over the control), so authors should be careful not to word
+ <code title=attr-input-title><a href=#attr-input-title>title</a></code>s as if an error has necessarily occurred.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-min-and-max-attributes><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.7 </span>The <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> and <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code> attributes</h6>
+
+ <!-- if more numeric control types start supporting multiple="", this will need to be refactored -->
+
+ <p>Some form controls can have explicit constraints applied limiting the allowed range of values
+ that the user can provide. Normally, such a range would be linear and continuous. A form control
+ can <dfn id=has-a-periodic-domain title="has a periodic domain">have a periodic domain</dfn>, however, in which case the
+ form control's broadest possible range is finite, and authors can specify explicit ranges within
+ it that span the boundaries.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Specifically, the broadest range of a <code title=attr-input-type-time><a href="#time-state-(type=time)">type=time</a></code> control is midnight to midnight (24 hours), and
+ authors can set both continuous linear ranges (such as 9pm to 11pm) and discontinuous ranges
+ spanning midnight (such as 11pm to 1am).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-min title=attr-input-min><code>min</code></dfn> and <dfn id=attr-input-max title=attr-input-max><code>max</code></dfn> attributes indicate the allowed range of values for
+ the element.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Their syntax is defined by the section that defines the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element has a <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute, and the result of
+ applying the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ number</a> to the value of the <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute is a number,
+ then that number is the element's <dfn id=concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</dfn>; otherwise, if the
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state defines a <dfn id=concept-input-min-default title=concept-input-min-default>default minimum</dfn>, then that is the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>; otherwise, the element has no <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute also defines the <a href=#concept-input-min-zero title=concept-input-min-zero>step base</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element has a <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code> attribute, and the result of
+ applying the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ number</a> to the value of the <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code> attribute is a number,
+ then that number is the element's <dfn id=concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</dfn>; otherwise, if the
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state defines a <dfn id=concept-input-max-default title=concept-input-max-default>default maximum</dfn>, then that is the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>; otherwise, the element has no <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>If the element does not <a href=#has-a-periodic-domain title="has a periodic domain">have a periodic domain</a>, the
+ <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code> attribute's value (the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>) must not be less than the <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute's value (its <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>).</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>If an element that does not <a href=#has-a-periodic-domain title="has a periodic domain">have a periodic
+ domain</a> has a <a href=#attr-input-max title=attr-input-max>maximum</a> that is less than its <a href=#attr-input-min title=attr-input-min>minimum</a>, then so long as the element has a <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, it will either be <a href=#suffering-from-an-underflow>suffering from an underflow</a>
+ or <a href=#suffering-from-an-overflow>suffering from an overflow</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>An element <dfn id=has-a-reversed-range>has a reversed range</dfn> if it <a href=#has-a-periodic-domain>has a periodic domain</a> and its
+ <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a> is less than its <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>An element <dfn id=have-range-limitations title="have range limitations">has range limitations</dfn> if it has a defined
+ <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a> or a defined <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>How these range limitations apply depends on whether the element has a <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the element does not have a <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute
+ specified or if the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute <a href=#do-not-apply title="do
+ not apply">does not apply</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: When the element has a <a href=#attr-input-min title=attr-input-min>minimum</a> and does not <a href=#has-a-reversed-range title="has a reversed range">have a
+ reversed range</a>, and the result of applying the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a number</a> to
+ the string given by the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is a number, and
+ the number obtained from that algorithm is less than the <a href=#attr-input-min title=attr-input-min>minimum</a>, the element is <a href=#suffering-from-an-underflow>suffering from an
+ underflow</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: When the element has a <a href=#attr-input-max title=attr-input-max>maximum</a> and does not <a href=#has-a-reversed-range title="has a reversed range">have a
+ reversed range</a>, and the result of applying the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a number</a> to
+ the string given by the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is a number, and
+ the number obtained from that algorithm is more than the <a href=#attr-input-max title=attr-input-max>maximum</a>, the element is <a href=#suffering-from-an-overflow>suffering from an
+ overflow</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: When an element <a href=#has-a-reversed-range>has a reversed range</a>,
+ and the result of applying the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to
+ convert a string to a number</a> to the string given by the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is a number, and the number obtained from that algorithm
+ is more than the <a href=#attr-input-max title=attr-input-max>maximum</a> <em>and</em> less than the <a href=#attr-input-min title=attr-input-min>minimum</a>, the element is simultaneously <a href=#suffering-from-an-underflow>suffering from an
+ underflow</a> and <a href=#suffering-from-an-overflow>suffering from an overflow</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the element does have a <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute
+ specified and the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute does <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: When the element has a <a href=#attr-input-min title=attr-input-min>minimum</a>, and the result of applying the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a number</a> to
+ any of the strings in the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> is a number
+ that is less than the <a href=#attr-input-min title=attr-input-min>minimum</a>, the element is
+ <a href=#suffering-from-an-underflow>suffering from an underflow</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: When the element has a <a href=#attr-input-max title=attr-input-max>maximum</a>, and the result of applying the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a number</a> to
+ any of the strings in the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> is a number
+ that is more than the <a href=#attr-input-max title=attr-input-max>maximum</a>, the element is
+ <a href=#suffering-from-an-overflow>suffering from an overflow</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- currently multiple="" only applies to type=range, which can't have a reversed range or a
+ periodic domain -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following date control limits input to dates that are before the 1980s:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input name=bday type=date max="1979-12-31"&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following number control limits input to whole numbers greater than zero:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input name=quantity required="" type="number" min="1" value="1"&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following time control limits input to those minutes that occur between 9pm and 6am,
+ defaulting to midnight:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input name="sleepStart" type=time min="21:00" max="06:00" step="60" value="00:00"&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-step-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.8 </span>The <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute</h6>
+
+ <!-- if more numeric control types start supporting multiple="", this will need to be refactored -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-step title=attr-input-step><code>step</code></dfn> attribute indicates the granularity
+ that is expected (and required) of the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> or <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>, by limiting the allowed values. <span class=impl>The
+ section that defines the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state also
+ defines the <dfn id=concept-input-step-default title=concept-input-step-default>default step</dfn>, the <dfn id=concept-input-step-scale title=concept-input-step-scale>step scale factor</dfn>, and in some cases the <dfn id=concept-input-step-default-base title=concept-input-step-default-base>default step base</dfn>, which are used in processing the
+ attribute as described below.</span></p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute, if specified, must either have a
+ value that is a <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>valid floating-point number</a> that <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values title="rules for parsing
+ floating-point number values">parses</a> to a number that is greater than zero, or must have a
+ value that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">any</code>".</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The attribute provides the <dfn id=concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value step</dfn> for the
+ element, as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>If the attribute is absent, then the <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value
+ step</a> is the <a href=#concept-input-step-default title=concept-input-step-default>default step</a> multiplied by the
+ <a href=#concept-input-step-scale title=concept-input-step-scale>step scale factor</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if the attribute's value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the
+ string "<code title="">any</code>", then there is no <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed
+ value step</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing floating-point number values</a>, when they are
+ applied to the attribute's value, return an error, zero, or a number less than zero, then the
+ <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value step</a> is the <a href=#concept-input-step-default title=concept-input-step-default>default step</a> multiplied by the <a href=#concept-input-step-scale title=concept-input-step-scale>step scale factor</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, the <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value step</a> is the number
+ returned by the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing floating-point number values</a> when they are applied
+ to the attribute's value, multiplied by the <a href=#concept-input-step-scale title=concept-input-step-scale>step scale
+ factor</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=concept-input-min-zero title=concept-input-min-zero>step base</dfn> is the value returned by the following
+ algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element has a <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> content attribute, and the
+ result of applying the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a
+ string to a number</a> to the value of the <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> content
+ attribute is not an error, then return that result and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the element does not have a <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute
+ specified or if the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute <a href=#do-not-apply title="do not apply">does not apply</a>, then: if the element has a <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> content attribute, and the result of applying the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a number</a> to
+ the value of the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> content attribute is not an error,
+ then return that result and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#range-state-(type=range)" title=attr-input-type-range>Range</a> state and the element has a <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute specified<!--, and the <code
+ title="attr-input-multiple">multiple</code> attribute does <span
+ title="concept-input-apply">apply</span>-->: run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element does not have a <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> content
+ attribute, skip these substeps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#split-a-string-on-commas title="split a string on commas">Split on commas</a> the value of the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> content attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the result of the previous step was not exactly two values, or if either gets an
+ error when you apply the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert
+ a string to a number</a>, then skip these substeps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the lower of the two numbers obtained in the previous step, and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If a <a href=#concept-input-step-default-base title=concept-input-step-default-base>default step base</a> is defined for
+ this element given its <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's state, then return
+ it and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Return zero.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>How these range limitations apply depends on whether the element has a <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the element does not have a <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute
+ specified or if the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute <a href=#do-not-apply title="do
+ not apply">does not apply</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: When the element has an <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value step</a>, and the result of applying the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a number</a> to
+ the string given by the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is a number, and
+ that number subtracted from the <a href=#concept-input-min-zero title=concept-input-min-zero>step base</a> is not an
+ integral multiple of the <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value step</a>, the
+ element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>suffering from a step mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the element does have a <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute
+ specified and the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute does <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: When the element has an <a href=#attr-input-step title=attr-input-step>allowed value step</a>, and the result of applying the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a number</a> to
+ any of the strings in the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> is a number
+ that, when subtracted from the <a href=#concept-input-min-zero title=concept-input-min-zero>step base</a>, is not an
+ integral multiple of the <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value step</a>, the
+ element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>suffering from a step mismatch</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following range control only accepts values in the range 0..1, and allows 256 steps in
+ that range:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input name=opacity type=range min=0 max=1 step=0.00392156863&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following control allows any time in the day to be selected, with any accuracy (e.g.
+ thousandth-of-a-second accuracy or more):</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input name=favtime type=time step=any&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Normally, time controls are limited to an accuracy of one minute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-list-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.9 </span>The <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code> attribute</h6>
+
+ <!-- if we add any more types of controls, the handling of multiple="" below needs refactoring -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-list title=attr-input-list><code>list</code></dfn> attribute is used to identify an
+ element that lists predefined options suggested to the user.</p>
+
+ <p>If present, its value must be the <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> of a <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code>
+ element in the same document.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-input-list title=concept-input-list>suggestions source element</dfn> is the first element in
+ the document in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> to have an <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> equal to the
+ value of the <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code> attribute, if that element is a
+ <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element. If there is no <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code> attribute,
+ or if there is no element with that <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a>, or if the first element
+ with that <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element, then there is
+ no <a href=#concept-input-list title=concept-input-list>suggestions source element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If there is a <a href=#concept-input-list title=concept-input-list>suggestions source element</a>, then, when
+ the user agent is allowing the user to edit the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, the user agent should offer the suggestions represented by
+ the <a href=#concept-input-list title=concept-input-list>suggestions source element</a> to the user in a manner
+ suitable for the type of control used. The user agent may use the suggestion's <a href=#concept-option-label title=concept-option-label>label</a> to identify the suggestion if appropriate.</p>
+
+ <p>How user selections of suggestions are handled depends on whether the element is a control
+ accepting a single value only, or whether it accepts multiple values:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the element does not have a <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute
+ specified or if the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute <a href=#do-not-apply title="do
+ not apply">does not apply</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>When the user selects a suggestion, the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> must be set to the selected suggestion's <a href=#concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</a>, as if the user had written that value himself.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- multiple types where there's a fixed number of values-->
+ <dt>If the element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#range-state-(type=range)" title=attr-input-type-range>Range</a> state and the element has a <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute specified<!--, and the <code
+ title="attr-input-multiple">multiple</code> attribute does <span
+ title="concept-input-apply">apply</span>--></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>When the user selects a suggestion, the user agent must identify which value in the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> the user intended to update, and must then update
+ the element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> so that the relevant value is
+ changed to the value given by the selected suggestion's <a href=#concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</a>, as if the user had himself set it to that value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- multiple types where there's a potentially growing number of values -->
+ <dt>If the element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>Email</a> state and the element has a <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute specified<!--, and the <code
+ title="attr-input-multiple">multiple</code> attribute does <span
+ title="concept-input-apply">apply</span>--></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>When the user selects a suggestion, the user agent must either add a new entry to the
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>, whose value
+ is the selected suggestion's <a href=#concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</a>, or change an
+ existing entry in the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> to have the value given by the selected
+ suggestion's <a href=#concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</a>, as if the user had himself added
+ an entry with that value, or edited an existing entry to be that value. Which behavior is to be
+ applied depends on the user interface in a user-agent-defined manner.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><hr><p>If the <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code> attribute <a href=#do-not-apply title="do not apply">does not
+ apply</a>, there is no <a href=#concept-input-list title=concept-input-list>suggestions source element</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This URL field offers some suggestions.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;Homepage: &lt;input name=hp type=url list=hpurls&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;datalist id=hpurls&gt;
+ &lt;option value="http://www.google.com/" label="Google"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="http://www.reddit.com/" label="Reddit"&gt;
+&lt;/datalist&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Other URLs from the user's history might show also; this is up to the user agent.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example demonstrates how to design a form that uses the autocompletion list feature while
+ still degrading usefully in legacy user agents.</p>
+
+ <p>If the autocompletion list is merely an aid, and is not important to the content, then simply
+ using a <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element with children <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements is enough. To
+ prevent the values from being rendered in legacy user agents, they need to be placed inside the
+ <code title=attr-option-value><a href=#attr-option-value>value</a></code> attribute instead of inline.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;
+ Enter a breed:
+ &lt;input type="text" name="breed" list="breeds"&gt;
+ &lt;datalist id="breeds"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="Abyssinian"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="Alpaca"&gt;
+ &lt;!-- ... --&gt;
+ &lt;/datalist&gt;
+ &lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>However, if the values need to be shown in legacy UAs, then fallback content can be placed
+ inside the <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element, as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;
+ Enter a breed:
+ &lt;input type="text" name="breed" list="breeds"&gt;
+ &lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;datalist id="breeds"&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;
+ or select one from the list:
+ &lt;select name="breed"&gt;
+ &lt;option value=""&gt; (none selected)
+ &lt;option&gt;Abyssinian
+ &lt;option&gt;Alpaca
+ &lt;!-- ... --&gt;
+ &lt;/select&gt;
+ &lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;/datalist&gt;
+&lt;/p&gt;
+</pre>
+
+ <p>The fallback content will only be shown in UAs that don't support <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code>. The
+ options, on the other hand, will be detected by all UAs, even though they are not children of the
+ <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Note that if an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element used in a <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> is <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code>, it will be selected by default by legacy UAs
+ (because it affects the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>), but it will not have any effect on the
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element in UAs that support <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-placeholder-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.5.3.10 </span>The <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code> attribute</h6>
+
+ <!-- substantially similar text in the <textarea> section -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-input-placeholder title=attr-input-placeholder><code>placeholder</code></dfn> attribute represents a
+ <em>short</em> hint (a word or short phrase) intended to aid the user with data entry when the
+ control has no value. A hint could be a sample value or a brief description of the expected
+ format. The attribute, if specified, must have a value that contains no U+000A LINE FEED (LF) or
+ U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code> attribute should not be used as an
+ alternative to a <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>. For a longer hint or other advisory text, the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute is more appropriate.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>These mechanisms are very similar but subtly different: the hint given by the
+ control's <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> is shown at all times; the short hint given in the <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code> attribute is shown before the user enters a
+ value; and the hint in the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute is shown when the user
+ requests further help.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents should present this hint to the user, after having <a href=#strip-line-breaks title="strip line
+ breaks">stripped line breaks</a> from it, when the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is the empty string or the control is not <a href=#focused>focused</a> (or both),
+ e.g. by displaying it inside a blank unfocused control and hiding it otherwise.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of a mail configuration user interface that uses the <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code> attribute:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt;Mail Account&lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name: &lt;input type="text" name="fullname" placeholder="John Ratzenberger"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Address: &lt;input type="email" name="address" placeholder="john@example.net"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Password: &lt;input type="password" name="password"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Description: &lt;input type="text" name="desc" placeholder="My Email Account"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In situations where the control's content has one directionality but the placeholder needs to
+ have a different directionality, Unicode's bidirectional-algorithm formatting characters can be
+ used in the attribute value:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input name=t1 type=tel placeholder="<strong>&amp;#x202B;</strong>&thinsp;<bdo dir=rtl>&#x631;&#x642;&#x645;&nbsp;&#x627;&#x644;&#x647;&#x627;&#x62a;&#x641;&nbsp;1</bdo>&thinsp;<strong>&amp;#x202E;</strong>"&gt;
+&lt;input name=t2 type=tel placeholder="<strong>&amp;#x202B;</strong>&thinsp;<bdo dir=rtl>&#x631;&#x642;&#x645;&nbsp;&#x627;&#x644;&#x647;&#x627;&#x62a;&#x641;&nbsp;2</bdo>&thinsp;<strong>&amp;#x202E;</strong>"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>For slightly more clarity, here's the same example using numeric character references instead of inline Arabic:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input name=t1 type=tel placeholder="<strong>&amp;#x202B;</strong>&amp;#1585;&amp;#1602;&amp;#1605;&nbsp;&amp;#1575;&amp;#1604;&amp;#1607;&amp;#1575;&amp;#1578;&amp;#1601;&nbsp;1<strong>&amp;#x202E;</strong>"&gt;
+&lt;input name=t2 type=tel placeholder="<strong>&amp;#x202B;</strong>&amp;#1585;&amp;#1602;&amp;#1605;&nbsp;&amp;#1575;&amp;#1604;&amp;#1607;&amp;#1575;&amp;#1578;&amp;#1601;&nbsp;2<strong>&amp;#x202E;</strong>"&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+
+ <h5 id=common-input-element-apis><span class=secno>4.10.5.4 </span>Common <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element APIs</h5>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">input</var> . <code title=dom-input-value><a href=#dom-input-value>value</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the form control.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the value.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if it is set to any value other than the
+ empty string when the control is a file upload control.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">input</var> . <code title=dom-input-checked><a href=#dom-input-checked>checked</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> of the form
+ control.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">input</var> . <code title=dom-input-files><a href=#dom-input-files>files</a></code> <!-- [ = <var title="">files</var> ] --></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#filelist>FileList</a></code> object listing the <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected files</a> of the form control.</p>
+
+ <p>Returns null if the control isn't a file control.</p>
+
+<!--
+ <p>Can be set to an array of <code>File</code> or <code>Blob</code> instances.</p>-
+-->
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">input</var> . <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code>Date</code> object representing the form control's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, if applicable; otherwise, returns null.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the value.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the control isn't date- or
+ time-based.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">input</var> . <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a number representing the form control's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>,
+ if applicable; otherwise, returns NaN.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the value. Setting this to NaN will set the underlying value to the
+ empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the control is neither date- or
+ time-based nor numeric.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">input</var> . <code title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">input</var> . <code title=dom-input-valueHigh><a href=#dom-input-valuehigh>valueHigh</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a number representing the low and high components of form control's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> respectively, if applicable; otherwise, returns NaN.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the value.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the control is not a two-handle range
+ control.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">input</var> . <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp</a></code>( [ <var title="">n</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">input</var> . <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown</a></code>( [ <var title="">n</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Changes the form control's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> by the value given in
+ the <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute, multiplied by <var title="">n</var>.
+ The default value for <var title="">n</var> is 1.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the control is neither date- or time-based
+ nor numeric, or if the <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute's value is "<code title="">any</code>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">input</var> . <code title=dom-input-list><a href=#dom-input-list>list</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element indicated by the <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-input-value title=dom-input-value><code>value</code></dfn> IDL attribute allows scripts to
+ manipulate the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element. The
+ attribute is in one of the following modes, which define its behavior:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-input-value-value title=dom-input-value-value>value</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>On getting, it must return the current <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the
+ element. On setting, it must set the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to
+ the new value, set the element's <a href=#concept-input-value-dirty-flag title=concept-input-value-dirty-flag>dirty value
+ flag</a> to true, invoke the <a href=#value-sanitization-algorithm>value sanitization algorithm</a>, if the element's
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state defines one, and then, if
+ the element has a text entry cursor position, should move the text entry cursor position to the
+ end of the text field, unselecting any selected text and resetting the selection direction to
+ <i>none</i>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-input-value-default title=dom-input-value-default>default</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>On getting, if the element has a <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, it
+ must return that attribute's value; otherwise, it must return the empty string. On setting, it
+ must set the element's <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute to the new
+ value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-input-value-default-on title=dom-input-value-default-on>default/on</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>On getting, if the element has a <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, it
+ must return that attribute's value; otherwise, it must return the string "<code title="">on</code>". On setting, it must set the element's <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute to the new value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-input-value-filename title=dom-input-value-filename>filename</dfn>
+
+ <dd id=fakepath-orly>
+
+ <p>On getting, it must return the string "<code title="">C:\fakepath\</code>" followed by the
+ name of the first file in the list of <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected
+ files</a>, if any, or the empty string if the list is empty. On setting, if the new value is
+ the empty string, it must empty the list of <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected files</a>; otherwise, it must throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This "fakepath" requirement is a sad accident of history. See <a href=#fakepath-srsly>the example in the File Upload state section</a> for more
+ information.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Since <a href=#concept-input-file-path title=concept-input-file-path>path components</a> are not
+ permitted in file names in the list of <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected
+ files</a>, the "\fakepath\" cannot be mistaken for a path component.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-input-checked title=dom-input-checked><code>checked</code></dfn> IDL attribute allows scripts to
+ manipulate the <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> of an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>
+ element. On getting, it must return the current <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> of the element; and on setting, it must set the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> to the new value and set the
+ element's <a href=#concept-input-checked-dirty-flag title=concept-input-checked-dirty-flag>dirty checkedness flag</a> to
+ true.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-input-files title=dom-input-files><code>files</code></dfn> IDL attribute allows scripts to
+ access the element's <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected files</a>. On
+ getting, if the IDL attribute <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a>, it must return a
+ <code><a href=#filelist>FileList</a></code> object that represents the current <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected files</a>. The same object must be returned
+ until the list of <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected files</a> changes. If
+ the IDL attribute <a href=#do-not-apply title="do not apply">does not apply</a>, then it must instead return
+ null. <a href=#refsFILEAPI>[FILEAPI]</a></p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-input-valueasdate title=dom-input-valueAsDate><code>valueAsDate</code></dfn> IDL attribute represents
+ the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element, interpreted as a date.</p>
+
+ <p>On getting, if the <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code> attribute <a href=#do-not-apply title="do not apply">does not apply</a>, as defined for the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state, then return null. Otherwise, run
+ the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-date title=concept-input-value-string-date>algorithm to convert a string to a
+ <code>Date</code> object</a> defined for that state to the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>; if the algorithm returned a <code>Date</code> object, then
+ return it, otherwise, return null.</p>
+
+ <p>On setting, if the <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAsDate</a></code> attribute <a href=#do-not-apply title="do not apply">does not apply</a>, as defined for the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state, then throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception; otherwise, if the new value is null or a
+ <code>Date</code> object representing the NaN time value, then set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element to the empty string; otherwise, run the
+ <a href=#concept-input-value-date-string title=concept-input-value-date-string>algorithm to convert a <code>Date</code> object to
+ a string</a>, as defined for that state, on the new value, and set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element to the resulting string.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-input-valueasnumber title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><code>valueAsNumber</code></dfn> IDL attribute
+ represents the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element, interpreted as a
+ number.</p>
+
+ <p>On getting, if the <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code> attribute <a href=#do-not-apply title="do not apply">does not apply</a>, as defined for the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state, then return a Not-a-Number (NaN)
+ value. Otherwise, if the <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAs<em>Date</em></a></code>
+ attribute <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a>, run the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-date title=concept-input-value-string-date>algorithm to convert a string to a <code>Date</code>
+ object</a> defined for that state to the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>; if the algorithm returned a <code>Date</code> object, then
+ return the <i>time value</i> of the object (the number of milliseconds from midnight UTC the
+ morning of 1970-01-01 to the time represented by the <code>Date</code> object), otherwise, return
+ a Not-a-Number (NaN) value. Otherwise, run the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a number</a>
+ defined for that state to the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>; if the
+ algorithm returned a number, then return it, otherwise, return a Not-a-Number (NaN) value.</p>
+
+ <p>On setting, if the new value is infinite, then throw a <code>TypeError</code> exception.
+ Otherwise, if the <code title=dom-input-valueAsNumber><a href=#dom-input-valueasnumber>valueAsNumber</a></code> attribute <a href=#do-not-apply title="do not apply">does not apply</a>, as defined for the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state, then throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception. Otherwise, if the new value is a Not-a-Number (NaN)
+ value, then set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element to the empty
+ string. Otherwise, if the <code title=dom-input-valueAsDate><a href=#dom-input-valueasdate>valueAs<em>Date</em></a></code>
+ attribute <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a>, run the <a href=#concept-input-value-date-string title=concept-input-value-date-string>algorithm to convert a <code>Date</code> object to a
+ string</a> defined for that state, passing it a <code>Date</code> object whose <i>time
+ value</i> is the new value, and set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the
+ element to the resulting string. Otherwise, run the <a href=#concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a string</a>, as
+ defined for that state, on the new value, and set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>
+ of the element to the resulting string.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-input-valuelow title=dom-input-valueLow><code>valueLow</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-input-valuehigh title=dom-input-valueHigh><code>valueHigh</code></dfn> IDL attributes represent the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element, interpreted as a comma-separated pair of
+ numbers.</p>
+
+ <p>On getting, if the attributes <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a>, as defined for the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>
+ element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state, then return zero;
+ otherwise, run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">values</var> be the <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> of
+ the element, interpreted according to the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a number</a>, as
+ defined by the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute's current state.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the attribute in question is <code title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, return
+ the lowest of the values in <var title="">values</var>; otherwise, return the highest of the
+ values in <var title="">values</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>On setting, if the attributes <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a>, as defined for the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>
+ element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state, then throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception. Otherwise, run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">values</var> be the <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> of
+ the element, interpreted according to the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a string to a number</a>, as
+ defined by the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute's current state.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new value</var> be the result of running the <a href=#concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a string</a>, as
+ defined for that state, on the new value.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the attribute in question is <code title=dom-input-valueLow><a href=#dom-input-valuelow>valueLow</a></code>, replace
+ the lower value in <var title="">values</var> with <var title="">new value</var>; otherwise,
+ replace the higher value in <var title="">values</var> with <var title="">new
+ value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Sort <var title="">values</var> in increasing numeric order.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a> be the result of running the <a href=#concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a string</a>, as
+ defined by the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute's current state, to the values in <var title="">values</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to the concatenation of the
+ strings in in <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>values</a>, separating each value from the next
+ by a U+002C COMMA character (,).</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-input-stepdown title=dom-input-stepDown><code>stepDown(<var title="">n</var>)</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-input-stepup title=dom-input-stepUp><code>stepUp(<var title="">n</var>)</code></dfn> methods, when invoked,
+ must run the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and <code title=dom-input-stepUp><a href=#dom-input-stepup>stepUp()</a></code> methods <a href=#do-not-apply>do not apply</a>, as defined for the
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's current state,
+ then throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception, and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element has no <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value step</a>, then
+ throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception, and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element has a <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a> and a <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a> and the <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>
+ is greater than the <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a>, then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If the element has a <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a> and a <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a> and there is no value greater than or equal to the
+ element's <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a> and less than or equal to the element's
+ <a href=#concept-input-max title=concept-input-max>maximum</a> that, when subtracted from the <a href=#concept-input-min-zero title=concept-input-min-zero>step base</a>, is an integral multiple of the <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value step</a>, then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If applying the <a href=#concept-input-value-string-number title=concept-input-value-string-number>algorithm to convert a
+ string to a number</a> to the string given by the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> does not result in an error, then let <var title="">value</var> be the result of that algorithm. Otherwise, let <var title="">value</var>
+ be zero.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">value</var> subtracted from the <a href=#concept-input-min-zero title=concept-input-min-zero>step
+ base</a> is not an integral multiple of the <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value
+ step</a>, then set <var title="">value</var> to the nearest value that, when subtracted from
+ the <a href=#concept-input-min-zero title=concept-input-min-zero>step base</a>, is an integral multiple of the <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value step</a>, and that is less than <var title="">value</var> if the method invoked was the <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> and more than <var title="">value</var>
+ otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise (<var title="">value</var> subtracted from the <a href=#concept-input-min-zero title=concept-input-min-zero>step base</a> is an integral multiple of the <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value step</a>), run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">n</var> be the argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">delta</var> be the <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value
+ step</a> multiplied by <var title="">n</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the method invoked was the <code title=dom-input-stepDown><a href=#dom-input-stepdown>stepDown()</a></code> method,
+ negate <var title="">delta</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the result of adding <var title="">delta</var> to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element has a <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>, and <var title="">value</var> is less than that <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>minimum</a>, then set
+ <var title="">value</var> to the smallest value that, when subtracted from the <a href=#concept-input-min-zero title=concept-input-min-zero>step base</a>, is an integral multiple of the <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value step</a>, and that is more than or equal to <var title="">minimum</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element has a <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>maximum</a>, and <var title="">value</var> is greater than that <a href=#concept-input-min title=concept-input-min>maximum</a>, then
+ set <var title="">value</var> to the largest value that, when subtracted from the <a href=#concept-input-min-zero title=concept-input-min-zero>step base</a>, is an integral multiple of the <a href=#concept-input-step title=concept-input-step>allowed value step</a>, and that is less than or equal to <var title="">maximum</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">value as string</var> be the result of running the <a href=#concept-input-value-number-string title=concept-input-value-number-string>algorithm to convert a number to a string</a>, as
+ defined for the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute's current state, on <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the element to <var title="">value
+ as string</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-input-list title=dom-input-list><code>list</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the current
+ <a href=#concept-input-list title=concept-input-list>suggestions source element</a>, if any, or null otherwise.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=common-input-element-events><span class=secno>4.10.5.5 </span>Common event behaviors</h5>
+
+ <p>When the <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> and <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>
+ (which is the case for all <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> controls other than <a href=#concept-button title=concept-button>buttons</a> and those with the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state), the events are fired to indicate that the
+ user has interacted with the control. The <dfn id=event-input-input title=event-input-input><code>input</code></dfn>
+ event fires whenever the user has modified the data of the control. The <dfn id=event-input-change title=event-input-change><code>change</code></dfn> event fires when the value is committed, if
+ that makes sense for the control, or else when the control <a href=#unfocus-causes-change-event>loses focus</a>. In all cases, the <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> event comes before the corresponding <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> event (if any).</p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element has a defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>, the rules
+ for dispatching these events, if they <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>, are given
+ in the section above that defines the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute's
+ state. (This is the case for all <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> controls with the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state, the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> state, or the <a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)" title=attr-input-type-file>File Upload</a> state.)</p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements without a defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>, but to
+ which these events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>, and for which the user
+ interface involves both interactive manipulation and an explicit commit action, then when the user
+ changes the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, the user agent must
+ <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element, and any time the user
+ commits the change, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>An example of a user interface involving both interactive manipulation and a
+ commit action would be a <a href="#range-state-(type=range)" title=attr-input-type-range>Range</a> controls that use a
+ slider, when manipulated using a pointing device. While the user is dragging the control's knob,
+ <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> events would fire whenever the position changed,
+ whereas the <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> event would only fire when the user
+ let go of the knob, committing to a specific value.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements without a defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>, but to
+ which these events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>, and for which the user
+ interface involves an explicit commit action but no intermediate manipulation, then any time the
+ user commits a change to the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, the user
+ agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to first <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named
+ <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element, and then
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>An example of a user interface with a commit action would be a <a href="#color-state-(type=color)" title=attr-input-type-color>Color</a> control that consists of a single button that brings
+ up a color wheel: if the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> only changes when the dialog
+ is closed, then that would be the explicit commit action. On the other hand, if manipulating the
+ control changes the color interactively, then there might be no commit action.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Another example of a user interface with a commit action would be a <a href="#date-state-(type=date)" title=attr-input-type-date>Date</a> control that allows both text-based user input and user
+ selection from a drop-down calendar: while text input might not have an explicit commit step,
+ selecting a date from the drop down calendar and then dismissing the drop down would be a commit
+ action.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements without a defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>, but to
+ which these events <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>apply</a>, any time the user causes the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to change without an explicit commit
+ action, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that
+ bubbles named <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element. The
+ corresponding <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> event, if any, will be fired when
+ the control <a href=#unfocus-causes-change-event>loses focus</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Examples of a user changing the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> would include the user typing into a text field, pasting a
+ new value into the field, or undoing an edit in that field. Some user interactions do not cause
+ changes to the value, e.g. hitting the "delete" key in an empty text field, or replacing some text
+ in the field with text from the clipboard that happens to be exactly the same text.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>A <a href="#range-state-(type=range)" title=attr-input-type-range>Range</a> control in the form of a
+ slider that the user has <a href=#focused>focused</a> and is interacting with using a keyboard would be
+ another example of the user changing the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>
+ without a commit step.</p>
+
+ <p>In the case of <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> that just fire an <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> event, user agents may wait for a suitable break in the
+ user's interaction before <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queuing</a> the tasks; for example, a
+ user agent could wait for the user to have not hit a key for 100ms, so as to only fire the event
+ when the user pauses, instead of continuously for each keystroke. <!-- similar text is present in
+ the <textarea> section -->
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to change an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> on behalf of the user (e.g. as part of a form prefilling
+ feature), the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to first update the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> accordingly, then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that
+ bubbles named <code title=event-input-input><a href=#event-input-input>input</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element,
+ then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>These events are not fired in response to changes made to the values of form
+ controls by scripts. (This is to make it easier to update the values of form controls in response
+ to the user manipulating the controls, without having to then filter out the script's own changes
+ to avoid an infinite loop.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for these <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> is the
+ <a href=#user-interaction-task-source>user interaction task source</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-button-element><span class=secno>4.10.6 </span>The <dfn><code>button</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>Listed</a>, <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a>, <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>, and <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>, but there must be no <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a> descendant.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> &mdash; Automatically focus the form control when the page is loaded</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> &mdash; Whether the form control is disabled</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> &mdash; Associates the control with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#url>URL</a> to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code> &mdash; Form data set encoding type to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code> &mdash; HTTP method to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code> &mdash; Bypass form control validation for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code> &mdash; <a href=#browsing-context>Browsing context</a> for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-button-menu><a href=#attr-button-menu>menu</a></code> &mdash; Specifies the element's <a href=#designated-pop-up-menu>designated pop-up menu</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> &mdash; Name of form control to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a> and in the <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>form.elements</a></code> API </dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-button-type><a href=#attr-button-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Type of button</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-button-value><a href=#attr-button-value>value</a></code> &mdash; Value to be used for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlbuttonelement>HTMLButtonElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fe-autofocus title=dom-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fe-disabled title=dom-fe-disabled>disabled</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a>? <a href=#dom-fae-form title=dom-fae-form>form</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-formaction title=dom-fs-formAction>formAction</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-formenctype title=dom-fs-formEnctype>formEnctype</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-formmethod title=dom-fs-formMethod>formMethod</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fs-formnovalidate title=dom-fs-formNoValidate>formNoValidate</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fs-formtarget title=dom-fs-formTarget>formTarget</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fe-name title=dom-fe-name>name</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-button-type title=dom-button-type>type</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-button-value title=dom-button-value>value</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#htmlmenuelement>HTMLMenuElement</a>? <a href=#dom-button-menu title=dom-button-menu>menu</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate title=dom-cva-willValidate>willValidate</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#validitystate>ValidityState</a> <a href=#dom-cva-validity title=dom-cva-validity>validity</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage title=dom-cva-validationMessage>validationMessage</a>;
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity title=dom-cva-checkValidity>checkValidity</a>();
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity title=dom-cva-reportValidity>reportValidity</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity>setCustomValidity</a>(DOMString error);
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a> <a href=#dom-lfe-labels title=dom-lfe-labels>labels</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a button labeled by its contents.</p>
+
+ <p>The element is a <a href=#concept-button title=concept-button>button</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-button-type title=attr-button-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute controls the behavior of
+ the button when it is activated. It is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a>. The following table
+ lists the keywords and states for the attribute &mdash; the keywords in the left column map to the
+ states in the cell in the second column on the same row as the keyword.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Keyword
+ <th> State
+ <th> Brief description
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=attr-button-type-submit title=attr-button-type-submit><code>submit</code></dfn>
+ <td><a href=#attr-button-type-submit-state title=attr-button-type-submit-state>Submit Button</a>
+ <td>Submits the form.
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-button-type-reset title=attr-button-type-reset><code>reset</code></dfn>
+ <td><a href=#attr-button-type-reset-state title=attr-button-type-reset-state>Reset Button</a>
+ <td>Resets the form.
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-button-type-button title=attr-button-type-button><code>button</code></dfn>
+ <td><a href=#attr-button-type-button-state title=attr-button-type-button-state>Button</a>
+ <td>Does nothing.
+ <tr><td><dfn id=attr-button-type-menu title=attr-button-type-menu><code>menu</code></dfn>
+ <td><a href=#attr-button-type-menu-state title=attr-button-type-menu-state>Menu</a>
+ <td>Shows a menu.
+ </table><p>The <i>missing value default</i> is the <a href=#attr-button-type-submit-state title=attr-button-type-submit-state>Submit
+ Button</a> state.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-button-type><a href=#attr-button-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-button-type-submit-state title=attr-button-type-submit-state>Submit Button</a> state, the element is specifically a
+ <a href=#concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit button</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If the <code title=attr-button-type><a href=#attr-button-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute is in the <a href=#attr-button-type-reset-state title=attr-button-type-reset-state>Reset Button</a> state, the
+ <a href=#attr-button-type-button-state title=attr-button-type-button-state>Button</a> state, or the <a href=#attr-button-type-menu-state title=attr-button-type-menu-state>Menu</a> state, the element is <a href=#barred-from-constraint-validation>barred from constraint
+ validation</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element is not <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>,
+ its <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> element is to run the steps defined in the following list for
+ the current state of the element's <code title=attr-button-type><a href=#attr-button-type>type</a></code> attribute:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt> <dfn id=attr-button-type-submit-state title=attr-button-type-submit-state>Submit Button</dfn> </dt>
+
+ <dd><p>If the element has a <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> and the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is
+ <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>, the element must <a href=#concept-form-submit title=concept-form-submit>submit</a> the
+ <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> from the <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element.</dd>
+
+ <dt> <dfn id=attr-button-type-reset-state title=attr-button-type-reset-state>Reset Button</dfn> </dt>
+
+ <dd><p>If the element has a <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> and the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is
+ <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>, the element must <a href=#concept-form-reset title=concept-form-reset>reset</a> the
+ <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt> <dfn id=attr-button-type-button-state title=attr-button-type-button-state>Button</dfn>
+
+ <dd><p>Do nothing.</dd>
+
+ <dt> <dfn id=attr-button-type-menu-state title=attr-button-type-menu-state>Menu</dfn>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The element must follow these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> is not <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a>, abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not <a href=#fully-active>fully
+ active</a>, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">menu</var> be the element's <a href=#designated-pop-up-menu>designated pop-up menu</a>, if
+ any. If there isn't one, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>Fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-show><a href=#event-show>show</a></code> at <var title="">menu</var>, using the <code><a href=#relatedevent>RelatedEvent</a></code>
+ interface, with the <code title=dom-RelatedEvent-relatedTarget><a href=#dom-relatedevent-relatedtarget>relatedTarget</a></code> attribute
+ initialised to the <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element. The event must be cancelable. <!-- v2: include
+ modifier key information --></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the event is not canceled, then <a href=#construct-and-show-a-menu title="construct and show a menu">construct and
+ show</a> the menu for <var title="">menu</var>, with the <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element as the
+ subject.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute is used to explicitly associate the
+ <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element with its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>. The <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute represents the element's name. The <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute is used to make the control non-interactive and
+ to prevent its value from being submitted. The <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code>
+ attribute controls focus. The <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>, and <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code> attributes are <a href=#attributes-for-form-submission>attributes for form
+ submission</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code> attribute can be
+ used to make submit buttons that do not trigger the constraint validation.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>, and <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code> must not be specified if the element's <code title=attr-button-type><a href=#attr-button-type>type</a></code> attribute is not in the <a href=#attr-button-type-submit-state title=attr-button-type-submit-state>Submit Button</a> state.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-button-value title=attr-button-value><code>value</code></dfn> attribute gives the element's value
+ for the purposes of form submission. The element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is
+ the value of the element's <code title=attr-button-value><a href=#attr-button-value>value</a></code> attribute, if there is
+ one, or the empty string otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A button (and its value) is only included in the form submission if the button
+ itself was used to initiate the form submission.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>If the element's <code title=attr-button-type><a href=#attr-button-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-button-type-menu-state title=attr-button-type-menu-state>Menu</a> state, the <dfn id=attr-button-menu title=attr-button-menu><code>menu</code></dfn> attribute must be specified to give the element's
+ menu. The value must be the <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> of a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element in
+ the same <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a> whose <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup menu</a> state. The attribute must not be specified if
+ the element's <code title=attr-button-type><a href=#attr-button-type>type</a></code> attribute is not in the <a href=#attr-button-type-menu-state title=attr-button-type-menu-state>Menu</a> state.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element's <dfn id=designated-pop-up-menu>designated pop-up menu</dfn> is the first element in the
+ <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>'s <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a> whose ID is that given by the <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>
+ element's <code title=attr-button-menu><a href=#attr-button-menu>menu</a></code> attribute, if there is such an element and
+ its <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu
+ state">popup menu</a> state; otherwise, the element has no <a href=#designated-pop-up-menu>designated pop-up
+ menu</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-button-value title=dom-button-value><code>value</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-button-menu title=dom-button-menu><code>menu</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-button-type title=dom-button-type><code>type</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known
+ values</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-cva-willValidate><a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate>willValidate</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-validationMessage><a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage>validationMessage</a></code> IDL attributes, and the <code title=dom-cva-checkValidity><a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity>checkValidity()</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-reportValidity><a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity>reportValidity()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity()</a></code> methods, are part of the
+ <a href=#the-constraint-validation-api>constraint validation API</a>. The <code title=dom-lfe-labels><a href=#dom-lfe-labels>labels</a></code> IDL
+ attribute provides a list of the element's <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>s. The <code title=dom-fe-autofocus><a href=#dom-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code>, <code title=dom-fe-disabled><a href=#dom-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code>, <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code>, and <code title=dom-fe-name><a href=#dom-fe-name>name</a></code> IDL attributes are
+ part of the element's forms API.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following button is labeled "Show hint" and pops up a dialog box when activated:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;button type=button
+ onclick="alert('This 15-20 minute piece was composed by George Gershwin.')"&gt;
+ Show hint
+&lt;/button&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-select-element><span class=secno>4.10.7 </span>The <dfn><code>select</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>Listed</a>, <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a>, <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>, <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable</a>, and <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Zero or more <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code>, and <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> &mdash; Hint for form autofill feature</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> &mdash; Automatically focus the form control when the page is loaded</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> &mdash; Whether the form control is disabled</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> &mdash; Associates the control with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> &mdash; Whether to allow multiple values</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> &mdash; Name of form control to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a> and in the <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>form.elements</a></code> API </dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-select-required><a href=#attr-select-required>required</a></code> &mdash; Whether the control is required for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-select-size><a href=#attr-select-size>size</a></code> &mdash; Size of the control</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlselectelement>HTMLSelectElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fe-autofocus title=dom-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fe-disabled title=dom-fe-disabled>disabled</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a>? <a href=#dom-fae-form title=dom-fae-form>form</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-select-multiple title=dom-select-multiple>multiple</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fe-name title=dom-fe-name>name</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-select-required title=dom-select-required>required</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-select-size title=dom-select-size>size</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-select-type title=dom-select-type>type</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a> <a href=#dom-select-options title=dom-select-options>options</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-select-length title=dom-select-length>length</a>;
+ getter <a href=#element>Element</a>? <a href=#dom-select-item title=dom-select-item>item</a>(unsigned long index);
+ <a href=#htmloptionelement>HTMLOptionElement</a>? <a href=#dom-select-nameditem title=dom-select-namedItem>namedItem</a>(DOMString name);
+ void <a href=#dom-select-add title=dom-select-add>add</a>((<a href=#htmloptionelement>HTMLOptionElement</a> or <a href=#htmloptgroupelement>HTMLOptGroupElement</a>) element, optional (<a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> or long)? before = null);
+ void <a href=#dom-select-remove title=dom-select-remove>remove</a>(); // ChildNode overload
+ void <a href=#dom-select-remove title=dom-select-remove>remove</a>(long index);
+ <a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-setter title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-setter>setter creator</a> void (unsigned long index, <a href=#htmloptionelement>HTMLOptionElement</a>? option);
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-select-selectedoptions title=dom-select-selectedOptions>selectedOptions</a>;
+ attribute long <a href=#dom-select-selectedindex title=dom-select-selectedIndex>selectedIndex</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-select-value title=dom-select-value>value</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate title=dom-cva-willValidate>willValidate</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#validitystate>ValidityState</a> <a href=#dom-cva-validity title=dom-cva-validity>validity</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage title=dom-cva-validationMessage>validationMessage</a>;
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity title=dom-cva-checkValidity>checkValidity</a>();
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity title=dom-cva-reportValidity>reportValidity</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity>setCustomValidity</a>(DOMString error);
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a> <a href=#dom-lfe-labels title=dom-lfe-labels>labels</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><!-- Proposals for v2:
+ * <select value=""> as an alternative to <option selected>
+ http://developers.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=426306&cid=22142072
+ <Philip`> http://www.ipiao.com.cn/ does <select size="1" name="to"><script>City_Default="PEK"</script><SCRIPT language=javascript
+ src="/js/flightcity.js"></SCRIPT></select> which is the kind of thing that could be much simpler with <select value="PEK">
+ --><p>The <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element represents a control for selecting amongst a set of
+ options.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-select-multiple title=attr-select-multiple><code>multiple</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. If the attribute is present, then the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element
+ <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for selecting zero or more options from the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a>. If the attribute is absent, then the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a control for selecting a single option from
+ the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-select-size title=attr-select-size><code>size</code></dfn> attribute gives the number of options
+ to show to the user. The <code title=attr-select-size><a href=#attr-select-size>size</a></code> attribute, if specified, must
+ have a value that is a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</dfn> of a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element is the
+ result of applying the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> to the value of
+ element's <code title=attr-select-size><a href=#attr-select-size>size</a></code> attribute, if it has one and parsing it is
+ successful. If applying those rules to the attribute's value is not successful, or if the <code title=attr-select-size><a href=#attr-select-size>size</a></code> attribute is absent, then the element's <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> is 4 if the element's <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> content attribute is present, and 1 otherwise.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</dfn> for a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>
+ element consists of all the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element children of the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>
+ element, and all the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element children of all the <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element
+ children of the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-select-required title=attr-select-required><code>required</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. When specified, the user will be required to select a value before submitting
+ the form.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-select-required><a href=#attr-select-required>required</a></code>
+ attribute specified, does not have a <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute
+ specified, and has a <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> of 1; and if the <a href=#concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</a> of the first <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element in the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> (if
+ any) is the empty string, and that <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element's parent node is the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element (and not an <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element), then that
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> is the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <dfn id=placeholder-label-option>placeholder label option</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-select-required><a href=#attr-select-required>required</a></code>
+ attribute specified, does not have a <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute
+ specified, and has a <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> of 1, then the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element must have a <a href=#placeholder-label-option>placeholder label option</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If the element has its <code title=attr-select-required><a href=#attr-select-required>required</a></code> attribute specified, and either none of the
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements in the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> have their <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true, or the only
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element in the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> with its <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true is the <a href=#placeholder-label-option>placeholder label
+ option</a>, then the element is <a href=#suffering-from-being-missing>suffering from being missing</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is absent, and the element
+ is not <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>, then the user agent should allow the
+ user to pick an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element in its <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list
+ of options</a> that is itself not <a href=#concept-option-disabled title=concept-option-disabled>disabled</a>. Upon
+ this <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element being <dfn id=concept-select-pick title=concept-select-pick>picked</dfn> (either
+ through a click, or through unfocusing the element after changing its value, or through a <a href=#using-the-option-element-to-define-a-command title=option-command>menu command</a>, or through any other mechanism), and before the
+ relevant user interaction event <!-- interaction event spec point --> is queued (e.g. before the
+ <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event), the user agent must set the <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> of the picked <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element
+ to true, set its <a href=#concept-option-dirtiness title=concept-option-dirtiness>dirtiness</a> to true, and then
+ <a href=#send-select-update-notifications>send <code>select</code> update notifications</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is absent, whenever an
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element in the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> has its <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true, and whenever an
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element with its <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true is added to the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a>,
+ the user agent must set the <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> of all
+ the other <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements in its <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of
+ options</a> to false.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is absent and the
+ element's <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> is greater than 1, then the user
+ agent should also allow the user to request that the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> whose <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> is true, if any, be unselected. Upon this
+ request being conveyed to the user agent, and before the relevant user interaction event <!--
+ interaction event spec point --> is queued (e.g. before the <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event), the user agent must set the <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> of that <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element to
+ false, set its <a href=#concept-option-dirtiness title=concept-option-dirtiness>dirtiness</a> to true, and then
+ <a href=#send-select-update-notifications>send <code>select</code> update notifications</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <a href=#nodes-are-inserted>nodes are inserted</a> or <a href=#nodes-are-removed>nodes are removed</a> causing the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> to gain or lose one or more
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements, or if an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element in the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> <dfn id=ask-for-a-reset title="ask for a reset">asks for
+ a reset</dfn>, then, if the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is absent, the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>
+ element's <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> is 1, and no <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>
+ elements in the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of
+ options</a> have their <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to
+ true, the user agent must set the <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a>
+ of the first <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element in the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of
+ options</a> in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> that is not <a href=#concept-option-disabled title=concept-option-disabled>disabled</a>, if any, to true.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is present, and the
+ element is not <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>, then the user agent should
+ allow the user to <dfn id=concept-select-toggle title=concept-select-toggle>toggle</dfn> the <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> of the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements in
+ its <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> that are themselves not <a href=#concept-option-disabled title=concept-option-disabled>disabled</a>. Upon such an element being <a href=#concept-select-toggle title=concept-select-toggle>toggled</a> (either through a click, or through a <a href=#using-the-option-element-to-define-a-command title=option-command>menu command</a>, or any other mechanism), and before the relevant user
+ interaction event <!-- interaction event spec point --> is queued (e.g. before a related <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event), the <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> of the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element must
+ be changed (from true to false or false to true), the <a href=#concept-option-dirtiness title=concept-option-dirtiness>dirtiness</a> of the element must be set to true, and the
+ user agent must <a href=#send-select-update-notifications>send <code>select</code> update notifications</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=send-select-update-notifications>send <code>select</code> update notifications</dfn>, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue
+ a task</a> to first <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input><a href=#event-input>input</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element, and then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-change><a href=#event-change>change</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element, using the <a href=#user-interaction-task-source>user interaction task source</a> as the task
+ source.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-form-reset-control title=concept-form-reset-control>reset algorithm</a> for <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>
+ elements is to go through all the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements in the element's <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a>, set their <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> to true if the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>
+ element has a <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code> attribute, and false otherwise,
+ set their <a href=#concept-option-dirtiness title=concept-option-dirtiness>dirtiness</a> to false, and then have the
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements <a href=#ask-for-a-reset>ask for a reset</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>
+ The <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute is used to explicitly associate the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element with its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute represents the element's name.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute is used to make the control non-interactive and to prevent its value from being submitted.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> attribute controls focus.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attribute controls how the user agent provides autofill behavior.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element that is not <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a> is
+ <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i>.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title=dom-select-type><a href=#dom-select-type>type</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns "<code title="">select-multiple</code>" if the element has a <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute, and "<code title="">select-one</code>"
+ otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title=dom-select-options><a href=#dom-select-options>options</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code> of the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title=dom-select-length><a href=#dom-select-length>length</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the number of elements in the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of
+ options</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When set to a smaller number, truncates the number of <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements in the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>When set to a greater number, adds new blank <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements to the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">select</var> . <code title=dom-select-item><a href=#dom-select-item>item</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">select</var>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the item with index <var title="">index</var> from the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a>. The items are sorted in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> = <var title="">select</var> . <code title=dom-select-item><a href=#dom-select-item>namedItem</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the first item with <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> or <code title=attr-option-name><a href=#attr-option-name>name</a></code> <var title="">name</var> from the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Returns null if no element with that <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> could be found.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title=dom-select-add><a href=#dom-select-add>add</a></code>(<var title="">element</var> [, <var title="">before</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Inserts <var title="">element</var> before the node given by <var title="">before</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">before</var> argument can be a number, in which case <var title="">element</var> is inserted before the item with that number, or an element from the
+ <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a>, in which case <var title="">element</var> is inserted before that element.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">before</var> is omitted, null, or a number out of range, then <var title="">element</var> will be added at the end of the list.</p>
+
+ <p>This method will throw a <code><a href=#hierarchyrequesterror>HierarchyRequestError</a></code> exception if <var title="">element</var> is an ancestor of the element into which it is to be inserted.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title=dom-select-selectedOptions><a href=#dom-select-selectedoptions>selectedOptions</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list
+ of options</a> that are selected.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title=dom-select-selectedIndex><a href=#dom-select-selectedindex>selectedIndex</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the index of the first selected item, if any, or &minus;1 if there is no selected
+ item.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the selection.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">select</var> . <code title=dom-select-value><a href=#dom-select-value>value</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</a> of the first selected item, if
+ any, or the empty string if there is no selected item.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the selection.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-select-type title=dom-select-type><code>type</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must
+ return the string "<code title="">select-one</code>" if the <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is absent, and the string "<code title="">select-multiple</code>" if the <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code>
+ attribute is present.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-select-options title=dom-select-options><code>options</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> node, whose filter matches
+ the elements in the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-select-options><a href=#dom-select-options>options</a></code> collection is also mirrored on the
+ <code><a href=#htmlselectelement>HTMLSelectElement</a></code> object. The <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> at any instant
+ are the indices supported by the object returned by the <code title=dom-select-options><a href=#dom-select-options>options</a></code> attribute at that instant.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-select-length title=dom-select-length><code>length</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the
+ number of nodes <a href=#represented-by-the-collection title="represented by the collection">represented</a> by the <code title=dom-select-options><a href=#dom-select-options>options</a></code> collection. On setting, it must act like the attribute
+ of the same name on the <code title=dom-select-options><a href=#dom-select-options>options</a></code> collection.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-select-item title=dom-select-item><code>item(<var title="">index</var>)</code></dfn> method
+ must return the value returned by <a href=#dom-htmlcollection-item title=dom-HTMLCollection-item>the method of the same
+ name</a> on the <code title=dom-select-options><a href=#dom-select-options>options</a></code> collection, when invoked with
+ the same argument.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-select-nameditem title=dom-select-namedItem><code>namedItem(<var title="">name</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method must return the value returned by <a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-nameditem title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-namedItem>the
+ method of the same name</a> on the <code title=dom-select-options><a href=#dom-select-options>options</a></code> collection,
+ when invoked with the same argument.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=dom-htmlselectelement-setter title=dom-HTMLSelectElement-setter>set the value of a new
+ indexed property</dfn> for a given property index <var title="">index</var> to a new value <var title="">value</var>, it must instead <a href=#dom-htmloptionscollection-setter title=dom-HTMLOptionsCollection-setter>set the
+ value of a new indexed property</a> with the given property index <var title="">index</var> to
+ the new value <var title="">value</var> on the <code title=dom-select-options><a href=#dom-select-options>options</a></code>
+ collection.</p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, the <dfn id=dom-select-add title=dom-select-add><code>add()</code></dfn> method must act like its
+ namesake method on that same <code title=dom-select-options><a href=#dom-select-options>options</a></code> collection.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-select-remove title=dom-select-remove><code>remove()</code></dfn> method must act like its
+ namesake method on that same <code title=dom-select-options><a href=#dom-select-options>options</a></code> collection when it
+ has arguments, and like its namesake method on the <code><a href=#childnode>ChildNode</a></code> interface implemented by
+ the <code><a href=#htmlselectelement>HTMLSelectElement</a></code> ancestor interface <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code> when it has no
+ arguments.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-select-selectedoptions title=dom-select-selectedOptions><code>selectedOptions</code></dfn> IDL attribute
+ must return an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> node, whose filter
+ matches the elements in the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> that
+ have their <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-select-selectedindex title=dom-select-selectedIndex><code>selectedIndex</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on
+ getting, must return the <a href=#concept-option-index title=concept-option-index>index</a> of the first
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element in the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of
+ options</a> in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> that has its <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true, if any. If there isn't one,
+ then it must return &minus;1.</p>
+
+ <p>On setting, the <code title=dom-select-selectedIndex><a href=#dom-select-selectedindex>selectedIndex</a></code> attribute must set
+ the <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> of all the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>
+ elements in the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> to false, and
+ then the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element in the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of
+ options</a> whose <a href=#concept-option-index title=concept-option-index>index</a> is the given new value, if
+ any, must have its <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true and
+ its <a href=#concept-option-dirtiness title=concept-option-dirtiness>dirtiness</a> set to true.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This can result in no element having a <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true even in the case of the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element having no <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code>
+ attribute and a <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> of 1.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-select-value title=dom-select-value><code>value</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must
+ return the <a href=#concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</a> of the first <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>
+ element in the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a> that has its <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to
+ true, if any. If there isn't one, then it must return the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>On setting, the <code title=dom-select-value><a href=#dom-select-value>value</a></code> attribute must set the <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> of all the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements
+ in the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> to false, and then the
+ first <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element in the <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of
+ options</a>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, whose <a href=#concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</a>
+ is equal to the given new value, if any, must have its <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true and its <a href=#concept-option-dirtiness title=concept-option-dirtiness>dirtiness</a> set to true.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This can result in no element having a <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true even in the case of the
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element having no <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code>
+ attribute and a <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> of 1.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-select-multiple title=dom-select-multiple><code>multiple</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-select-required title=dom-select-required><code>required</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-select-size title=dom-select-size><code>size</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ respective content attributes of the same name. The <code title=dom-select-size><a href=#dom-select-size>size</a></code> IDL
+ attribute has a default value of zero.</p> <!-- see bug 12288 for compat reasons why .size allows
+ zero (it's not limited to values greater than zero) even though that value really makes no sense
+ -->
+
+ <p class=note>For historical reasons, the default value of the <code title=dom-select-size><a href=#dom-select-size>size</a></code> IDL attribute does not return the actual size used, which, in
+ the absence of the <code title=attr-select-size><a href=#attr-select-size>size</a></code> content attribute, is either 1 or 4
+ depending on the presence of the <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-cva-willValidate><a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate>willValidate</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-validationMessage><a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage>validationMessage</a></code> IDL attributes, and the <code title=dom-cva-checkValidity><a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity>checkValidity()</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-reportValidity><a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity>reportValidity()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity()</a></code> methods, are part of the
+ <a href=#the-constraint-validation-api>constraint validation API</a>. The <code title=dom-lfe-labels><a href=#dom-lfe-labels>labels</a></code> IDL
+ attribute provides a list of the element's <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>s. The <code title=dom-fe-autofocus><a href=#dom-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code>, <code title=dom-fe-disabled><a href=#dom-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code>, <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code>, and <code title=dom-fe-name><a href=#dom-fe-name>name</a></code> IDL attributes are
+ part of the element's forms API.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows how a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element can be used to offer the user
+ with a set of options from which the user can select a single option. The default option is
+ preselected.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;label for="unittype"&gt;Select unit type:&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;select id="unittype" name="unittype"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="1"&gt; Miner &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option value="2"&gt; Puffer &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option value="3" selected&gt; Snipey &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option value="4"&gt; Max &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option value="5"&gt; Firebot &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;/select&gt;
+&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>When there is no default option, a placeholder can be used instead:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;select name="unittype" <strong>required</strong>&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;option value=""&gt; Select unit type &lt;/option&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;option value="1"&gt; Miner &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option value="2"&gt; Puffer &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option value="3"&gt; Snipey &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option value="4"&gt; Max &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option value="5"&gt; Firebot &lt;/option&gt;
+&lt;/select&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, the user is offered a set of options from which he can select any number. By default,
+ all five options are selected.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;label for="allowedunits"&gt;Select unit types to enable on this map:&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;select id="allowedunits" name="allowedunits" multiple&gt;
+ &lt;option value="1" selected&gt; Miner &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option value="2" selected&gt; Puffer &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option value="3" selected&gt; Snipey &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option value="4" selected&gt; Max &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option value="5" selected&gt; Firebot &lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;/select&gt;
+&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Sometimes, a user has to select one or more items. This example shows such an interface.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Select the songs from that you would like on your Act II Mix Tape:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;select multiple required name="act2"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="s1"&gt;It Sucks to Be Me (Reprise)
+ &lt;option value="s2"&gt;There is Life Outside Your Apartment
+ &lt;option value="s3"&gt;The More You Ruv Someone
+ &lt;option value="s4"&gt;Schadenfreude
+ &lt;option value="s5"&gt;I Wish I Could Go Back to College
+ &lt;option value="s6"&gt;The Money Song
+ &lt;option value="s7"&gt;School for Monsters
+ &lt;option value="s8"&gt;The Money Song (Reprise)
+ &lt;option value="s9"&gt;There's a Fine, Fine Line (Reprise)
+ &lt;option value="s10"&gt;What Do You Do With a B.A. in English? (Reprise)
+ &lt;option value="s11"&gt;For Now
+&lt;/select&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-datalist-element><span class=secno>4.10.8 </span>The <dfn><code>datalist</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Either: <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>.</dd> <!-- we don't require a <select> element descendant, since there might be zero suggestions -->
+ <dd>Or: Zero or more <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmldatalistelement>HTMLDataListElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-datalist-options title=dom-datalist-options>options</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element represents a set of <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements that
+ represent predefined options for other controls. In the rendering, the <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code>
+ element <a href=#represents>represents</a> nothing<span class=impl> and it, along with its children, should
+ be hidden</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element can be used in two ways. In the simplest case, the
+ <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element has just <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element children.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;
+ Sex:
+ &lt;input name=sex list=sexes&gt;
+ &lt;datalist id=sexes&gt;
+ &lt;option value="Female"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="Male"&gt;
+ &lt;/datalist&gt;
+&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>In the more elaborate case, the <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element can be given contents that are to
+ be displayed for down-level clients that don't support <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code>. In this case, the
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements are provided inside a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element inside the
+ <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;
+ Sex:
+ &lt;input name=sex list=sexes&gt;
+&lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;datalist id=sexes&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;
+ or select from the list:
+ &lt;select name=sex&gt;
+ &lt;option value=""&gt;
+ &lt;option&gt;Female
+ &lt;option&gt;Male
+ &lt;/select&gt;
+ &lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;/datalist&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element is hooked up to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element using the <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code> attribute on the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element that is a descendant of the <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element,
+ that is not <a href=#concept-option-disabled title=concept-option-disabled>disabled</a>, and whose <a href=#concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</a> is a string that isn't the empty string, represents a
+ suggestion. Each suggestion has a <a href=#concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</a> and a <a href=#concept-option-label title=concept-option-label>label</a>.
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">datalist</var> . <code title=dom-datalist-options><a href=#dom-datalist-options>options</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the <code>options</code> elements of the
+ <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-datalist-options title=dom-datalist-options><code>options</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> node, whose filter matches
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If an element has a <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element
+ ancestor, it is <a href=#barred-from-constraint-validation>barred from constraint validation</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-optgroup-element><span class=secno>4.10.9 </span>The <dfn><code>optgroup</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Zero or more <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> and <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>An <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted
+ if the <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element <!--has an ancestor <code>select</code> element and--> is
+ immediately followed by another <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element, or if <!--all of the elements that
+ are ancestors of the <code>optgroup</code> element, up to and including the first ancestor element
+ that is not an <code>optgroup</code> element, have no more content--> there is no more content in
+ the parent element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-optgroup-disabled><a href=#attr-optgroup-disabled>disabled</a></code> &mdash; Whether the form control is disabled</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-optgroup-label><a href=#attr-optgroup-label>label</a></code> &mdash; User-visible label</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmloptgroupelement>HTMLOptGroupElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-optgroup-disabled title=dom-optgroup-disabled>disabled</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-optgroup-label title=dom-optgroup-label>label</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a group of <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>
+ elements with a common label.</p>
+
+ <p>The element's group of <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements consists of the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>
+ elements that are children of the <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When showing <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements in <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements, user agents should
+ show the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements of such groups as being related to each other and separate
+ from other <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-optgroup-disabled title=attr-optgroup-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn> attribute is a
+ <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a> and can be used to <a href=#concept-option-disabled title=concept-option-disabled>disable</a> a group of <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements
+ together.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-optgroup-label title=attr-optgroup-label><code>label</code></dfn> attribute must be specified. Its
+ value gives the name of the group, for the purposes of the user interface. <span class=impl>User
+ agents should use this attribute's value when labeling the group of <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements
+ in a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-optgroup-disabled title=dom-optgroup-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-optgroup-label title=dom-optgroup-label><code>label</code></dfn> attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>There is no way to select an <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element. Only
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements can be selected. An <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element merely provides a
+ label for a group of <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following snippet shows how a set of lessons from three courses could be offered in a
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> drop-down widget:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="courseselector.dll" method="get"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Which course would you like to watch today?
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Course:
+ &lt;select name="c"&gt;
+ &lt;optgroup label="8.01 Physics I: Classical Mechanics"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="8.01.1"&gt;Lecture 01: Powers of Ten
+ &lt;option value="8.01.2"&gt;Lecture 02: 1D Kinematics
+ &lt;option value="8.01.3"&gt;Lecture 03: Vectors
+ &lt;optgroup label="8.02 Electricity and Magnestism"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="8.02.1"&gt;Lecture 01: What holds our world together?
+ &lt;option value="8.02.2"&gt;Lecture 02: Electric Field
+ &lt;option value="8.02.3"&gt;Lecture 03: Electric Flux
+ &lt;optgroup label="8.03 Physics III: Vibrations and Waves"&gt;
+ &lt;option value="8.03.1"&gt;Lecture 01: Periodic Phenomenon
+ &lt;option value="8.03.2"&gt;Lecture 02: Beats
+ &lt;option value="8.03.3"&gt;Lecture 03: Forced Oscillations with Damping
+ &lt;/select&gt;
+ &lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=submit value="&#x25b6; Play"&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-option-element><span class=secno>4.10.10 </span>The <dfn><code>option</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dd>As a child of an <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>If the element has a <code title=attr-option-label><a href=#attr-option-label>label</a></code> attribute and a <code title=attr-option-value><a href=#attr-option-value>value</a></code> attribute: Empty.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element has a <code title=attr-option-label><a href=#attr-option-label>label</a></code> attribute but no <code title=attr-option-value><a href=#attr-option-value>value</a></code> attribute: <a href=#text-content title="text content">Text</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element has no <code title=attr-option-label><a href=#attr-option-label>label</a></code> attribute: <a href=#text-content title="text content">Text</a> that is not <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>An <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> can be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element is immediately followed by another <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element, or
+ if it is immediately followed by an <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element, or if there is no more content
+ in the parent element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-option-disabled><a href=#attr-option-disabled>disabled</a></code> &mdash; Whether the form control is disabled</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-option-label><a href=#attr-option-label>label</a></code> &mdash; User-visible label</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code> &mdash; Whether the option is selected by default</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-option-value><a href=#attr-option-value>value</a></code> &mdash; Value to be used for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>[NamedConstructor=<a href=#dom-option title=dom-option>Option</a>(optional DOMString text = "", optional DOMString value, optional boolean defaultSelected = false, optional boolean selected = false)]
+interface <dfn id=htmloptionelement>HTMLOptionElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-option-disabled title=dom-option-disabled>disabled</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a>? <a href=#dom-option-form title=dom-option-form>form</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-option-label title=dom-option-label>label</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-option-defaultselected title=dom-option-defaultSelected>defaultSelected</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-option-selected title=dom-option-selected>selected</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-option-value title=dom-option-value>value</a>;
+
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-option-text title=dom-option-text>text</a>;
+ readonly attribute long <a href=#dom-option-index title=dom-option-index>index</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> an option in a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>
+ element or as part of a list of suggestions in a <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>In certain circumstances described in the definition of the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element, an
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element can be a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <a href=#placeholder-label-option>placeholder label
+ option</a>. A <a href=#placeholder-label-option>placeholder label option</a> does not represent an actual option, but
+ instead represents a label for the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> control.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-option-disabled title=attr-option-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. An <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element is <dfn id=concept-option-disabled title=concept-option-disabled>disabled</dfn> if its <code title=attr-option-disabled><a href=#attr-option-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute is present or if it is a child of an
+ <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-optgroup-disabled><a href=#attr-optgroup-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute
+ is present.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element that is <a href=#attr-option-disabled title=attr-option-disabled>disabled</a> must
+ prevent any <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> events that are <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a
+ task">queued</a> on the <a href=#user-interaction-task-source>user interaction task source</a> from being dispatched on the
+ element.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-option-label title=attr-option-label><code>label</code></dfn> attribute provides a label for
+ element. The <dfn id=concept-option-label title=concept-option-label>label</dfn> of an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element is
+ the value of the <code title=attr-option-label><a href=#attr-option-label>label</a></code> content attribute, if there is one,
+ or, if there is not, the value of the element's <code title=dom-option-text><a href=#dom-option-text>text</a></code> IDL
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-option-label><a href=#attr-option-label>label</a></code> content attribute, if specified, must not be
+ empty.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-option-value title=attr-option-value><code>value</code></dfn> attribute provides a value for
+ element. The <dfn id=concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</dfn> of an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element is
+ the value of the <code title=attr-option-value><a href=#attr-option-value>value</a></code> content attribute, if there is one,
+ or, if there is not, the value of the element's <code title=dom-option-text><a href=#dom-option-text>text</a></code> IDL
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-option-selected title=attr-option-selected><code>selected</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. It represents the default <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> of the element.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-option-dirtiness title=concept-option-dirtiness>dirtiness</dfn> of an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element is
+ a boolean state, initially false. It controls whether adding or removing the <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code> content attribute has any effect.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</dfn> of an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>
+ element is a boolean state, initially false. Except where otherwise specified, when the element is
+ created, its <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> must be set to true if
+ the element has a <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code> attribute. Whenever an
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element's <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code> attribute is
+ added, if its <a href=#concept-option-dirtiness title=concept-option-dirtiness>dirtiness</a> is false, its <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> must be set to true. Whenever an
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element's <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code> attribute is
+ <em>removed</em>, if its <a href=#concept-option-dirtiness title=concept-option-dirtiness>dirtiness</a> is false, its
+ <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> must be set to false.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=dom-option><a href=#dom-option>Option()</a></code> constructor, when called with three
+ or fewer arguments, overrides the initial state of the <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> state to always be false even if the third
+ argument is true (implying that a <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code> attribute is
+ to be set). The fourth argument can be used to explicitly set the initial <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> state when using the constructor.</p>
+
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/604 -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code>
+ attribute is not specified must not have more than one descendant <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element with
+ its <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code> attribute set.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element's <dfn id=concept-option-index title=concept-option-index>index</dfn> is the number of
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements that are in the same <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of
+ options</a> but that come before it in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>. If the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>
+ element is not in a <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a>, then the
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-option-index title=concept-option-index>index</a> is zero.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">option</var> . <code title=dom-option-selected><a href=#dom-option-selected>selected</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element is selected, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to override the current state of the element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">option</var> . <code title=dom-option-index><a href=#dom-option-index>index</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the index of the element in its <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <code title=dom-select-options><a href=#dom-select-options>options</a></code> list.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">option</var> . <code title=dom-option-form><a href=#dom-option-form>form</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the element's <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element, if any, or null otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">option</var> . <code title=dom-option-text><a href=#dom-option-text>text</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Same as <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code>, except that spaces are collapsed and <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements are skipped.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">option</var> = new <code title=dom-option><a href=#dom-option>Option</a></code>( [ <var title="">text</var> [, <var title="">value</var> [, <var title="">defaultSelected</var> [, <var title="">selected</var> ] ] ] ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a new <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">text</var> argument sets the contents of the element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">value</var> argument sets the <code title=attr-option-value><a href=#attr-option-value>value</a></code>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">defaultSelected</var> argument sets the <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">selected</var> argument sets whether or not the element is selected. If it
+ is omitted, even if the <var title="">defaultSelected</var> argument is true, the element is not
+ selected.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-option-disabled title=dom-option-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name. The <dfn id=dom-option-defaultselected title=dom-option-defaultSelected><code>defaultSelected</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-option-label title=dom-option-label><code>label</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must
+ return the element's <a href=#concept-option-label title=concept-option-label>label</a>. On setting, the element's
+ <code title=attr-option-label><a href=#attr-option-label>label</a></code> content attribute must be set to the new value.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-option-value title=dom-option-value><code>value</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must
+ return the element's <a href=#concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</a>. On setting, the element's
+ <code title=attr-option-value><a href=#attr-option-value>value</a></code> content attribute must be set to the new value.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-option-selected title=dom-option-selected><code>selected</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting,
+ must return true if the element's <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a>
+ is true, and false otherwise. On setting, it must set the element's <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> to the new value, set its <a href=#concept-option-dirtiness title=concept-option-dirtiness>dirtiness</a> to true, and then cause the element to
+ <a href=#ask-for-a-reset>ask for a reset</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-option-index title=dom-option-index><code>index</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the
+ element's <a href=#concept-option-index title=concept-option-index>index</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-option-text title=dom-option-text><code>text</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must
+ return the result of <a href=#strip-and-collapse-whitespace title="strip and collapse whitespace">stripping and collapsing
+ whitespace</a> from the concatenation of <a href=#concept-cd-data title=concept-cd-data>data</a> of all the
+ <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node descendants of the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>,
+ excluding any that are descendants of descendants of the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element that are
+ themselves <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a> or <code title="">script</code> elements in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>On setting, the <code title=dom-option-text><a href=#dom-option-text>text</a></code> attribute must act as if the
+ <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute on the element had been set to the new value.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-option-form title=dom-option-form><code>form</code></dfn> IDL attribute's behavior depends on
+ whether the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element is in a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element or not. If the
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> has a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element as its parent, or has an
+ <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element as its parent and that <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element has a
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element as its parent, then the <code title=dom-option-form><a href=#dom-option-form>form</a></code> IDL
+ attribute must return the same value as the <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code> IDL attribute
+ on that <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element. Otherwise, it must return null.</p>
+
+ <p>A constructor is provided for creating <code><a href=#htmloptionelement>HTMLOptionElement</a></code> objects (in addition to
+ the factory methods from DOM such as <code title="">createElement()</code>): <dfn id=dom-option title=dom-option><code>Option(<var title="">text</var>, <var title="">value</var>, <var title="">defaultSelected</var>, <var title="">selected</var>)</code></dfn>. When invoked as a
+ constructor, it must return a new <code><a href=#htmloptionelement>HTMLOptionElement</a></code> object (a new <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>
+ element). If the first argument is not the empty string, the new object must have as its only
+ child a <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node whose data is the value of that argument. Otherwise, it must have
+ no children. If the <var title="">value</var> argument is present, the new object must have a
+ <code title=attr-option-value><a href=#attr-option-value>value</a></code> attribute set with the value of the argument as its
+ value. If the <var title="">defaultSelected</var> argument is true, the new object must have a
+ <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code> attribute set with no value. If the <var title="">selected</var> argument is true, the new object must have its <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true; otherwise the <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> must be set to false, even if the <var title="">defaultSelected</var> argument is true. The element's document must be the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which
+ the interface object of the invoked constructor is found.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-textarea-element><span class=secno>4.10.11 </span>The <dfn><code>textarea</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>Listed</a>, <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a>, <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>, <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable</a>, and <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#text-content title="text content">Text</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> &mdash; Hint for form autofill feature</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> &mdash; Automatically focus the form control when the page is loaded</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-textarea-cols><a href=#attr-textarea-cols>cols</a></code> &mdash; Maximum number of characters per line</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code> &mdash; Name of form field to use for sending the element's <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">directionality</a> in <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> &mdash; Whether the form control is disabled</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> &mdash; Associates the control with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code> &mdash; Hint for selecting an input modality</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-textarea-maxlength><a href=#attr-textarea-maxlength>maxlength</a></code> &mdash; Maximum length of value</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-textarea-minlength><a href=#attr-textarea-minlength>minlength</a></code> &mdash; Minimum length of value</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> &mdash; Name of form control to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a> and in the <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>form.elements</a></code> API </dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-textarea-placeholder><a href=#attr-textarea-placeholder>placeholder</a></code> &mdash; User-visible label to be placed within the form control</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-textarea-readonly><a href=#attr-textarea-readonly>readonly</a></code> &mdash; Whether to allow the value to be edited by the user</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-textarea-required><a href=#attr-textarea-required>required</a></code> &mdash; Whether the control is required for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-textarea-rows><a href=#attr-textarea-rows>rows</a></code> &mdash; Number of lines to show</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-textarea-wrap><a href=#attr-textarea-wrap>wrap</a></code> &mdash; How the value of the form control is to be wrapped for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltextareaelement>HTMLTextAreaElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fe-autocomplete title=dom-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fe-autofocus title=dom-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-textarea-cols title=dom-textarea-cols>cols</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-textarea-dirname title=dom-textarea-dirName>dirName</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fe-disabled title=dom-fe-disabled>disabled</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a>? <a href=#dom-fae-form title=dom-fae-form>form</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-textarea-inputmode title=dom-textarea-inputMode>inputMode</a>;
+ attribute long <a href=#dom-textarea-maxlength title=dom-textarea-maxLength>maxLength</a>;
+ attribute long <a href=#dom-textarea-minlength title=dom-textarea-minLength>minLength</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fe-name title=dom-fe-name>name</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-textarea-placeholder title=dom-textarea-placeholder>placeholder</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-textarea-readonly title=dom-textarea-readOnly>readOnly</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-textarea-required title=dom-textarea-required>required</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-textarea-rows title=dom-textarea-rows>rows</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-textarea-wrap title=dom-textarea-wrap>wrap</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-textarea-type title=dom-textarea-type>type</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-textarea-defaultvalue title=dom-textarea-defaultValue>defaultValue</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-textarea-value title=dom-textarea-value>value</a>;
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-textarea-textlength title=dom-textarea-textLength>textLength</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate title=dom-cva-willValidate>willValidate</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#validitystate>ValidityState</a> <a href=#dom-cva-validity title=dom-cva-validity>validity</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage title=dom-cva-validationMessage>validationMessage</a>;
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity title=dom-cva-checkValidity>checkValidity</a>();
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity title=dom-cva-reportValidity>reportValidity</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity>setCustomValidity</a>(DOMString error);
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a> <a href=#dom-lfe-labels title=dom-lfe-labels>labels</a>;
+
+ void <a href=#dom-textarea/input-select title=dom-textarea/input-select>select</a>();
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart>selectionStart</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd>selectionEnd</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection>selectionDirection</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText>setRangeText</a>(DOMString replacement);
+ void <a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText>setRangeText</a>(DOMString replacement, unsigned long start, unsigned long end, optional <a href=#selectionmode>SelectionMode</a> selectionMode = "preserve");
+ void <a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange>setSelectionRange</a>(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, optional DOMString direction);
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a multiline plain text edit
+ control<span class=impl> for the element's <dfn id=concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw
+ value</dfn></span>. The contents of the control represent the control's default value.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw value</a> of a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ control must be initially the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This element <a href=#bidireq>has rendering requirements involving the
+ bidirectional algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-textarea-readonly title=attr-textarea-readonly><code>readonly</code></dfn> attribute is a
+ <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a> used to control whether the text can be edited by the user or
+ not.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a text field is marked read-only because it represents a read-only file:</p>
+
+ <pre>Filename: &lt;code&gt;/etc/bash.bashrc&lt;/code&gt;
+&lt;textarea name="buffer" readonly&gt;
+# System-wide .bashrc file for interactive bash(1) shells.
+
+# To enable the settings / commands in this file for login shells as well,
+# this file has to be sourced in /etc/profile.
+
+# If not running interactively, don't do anything
+[ -z "$PS1" ] &amp;amp;&amp;amp; return
+
+...&lt;/textarea&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If the <code title=attr-textarea-readonly><a href=#attr-textarea-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute is specified on a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ element, the element is <a href=#barred-from-constraint-validation>barred from constraint validation</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element is <a href=#concept-fe-mutable title=concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a> if it is
+ neither <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a> nor has a <code title=attr-textarea-readonly><a href=#attr-textarea-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute specified.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> is <a href=#concept-fe-mutable title=concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a>, its <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw value</a> should be editable by the user: the user agent
+ should allow the user to edit, insert, and remove text, and to insert and remove line breaks in
+ the form of U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters. Any time the user causes the element's <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw value</a> to change, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input><a href=#event-input>input</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element. User agents may wait for a
+ suitable break in the user's interaction before queuing the task; for example, a user agent could
+ wait for the user to have not hit a key for 100ms, so as to only fire the event when the user
+ pauses, instead of continuously for each keystroke.</p> <!-- same text is present in the <input>
+ section -->
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element has a <dfn id=concept-textarea-dirty title=concept-textarea-dirty>dirty value
+ flag</dfn>, which must be initially set to false, and must be set to true whenever the user
+ interacts with the control in a way that changes the <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw
+ value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute changes value,
+ if the element's <a href=#concept-textarea-dirty title=concept-textarea-dirty>dirty value flag</a> is false, then the
+ element's <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw value</a> must be set to the value of
+ the element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-form-reset-control title=concept-form-reset-control>reset algorithm</a> for <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ elements is to set the element's <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw value</a> to the
+ value of the element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <!-- this next bit is also in the <input> Text/Search section -->
+ <!-- and something similar is in the session history section -->
+ <p>If the element is <a href=#concept-fe-mutable title=concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a>, the user agent should allow
+ the user to change the writing direction of the element, setting it either to a left-to-right
+ writing direction or a right-to-left writing direction. If the user does so, the user agent must
+ then run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the element's <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute to "<code title=attr-dir-ltr><a href=#attr-dir-ltr>ltr</a></code>" if the user selected a left-to-right writing direction, and
+ "<code title=attr-dir-rtl><a href=#attr-dir-rtl>rtl</a></code>" if the user selected a right-to-left writing
+ direction.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-input><a href=#event-input>input</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-textarea-cols title=attr-textarea-cols><code>cols</code></dfn> attribute specifies the expected
+ maximum number of characters per line. If the <code title=attr-textarea-cols><a href=#attr-textarea-cols>cols</a></code>
+ attribute is specified, its value must be a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> greater than
+ zero. <span class=impl>If applying the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> to
+ the attribute's value results in a number greater than zero, then the element's <dfn id=attr-textarea-cols-value title=attr-textarea-cols-value>character width</dfn> is that value; otherwise, it is
+ 20.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The user agent may use the <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element's <a href=#attr-textarea-cols-value title=attr-textarea-cols-value>character width</a> as a hint to the user as to how many
+ characters the server prefers per line (e.g. for visual user agents by making the width of the
+ control be that many characters). In visual renderings, the user agent should wrap the user's
+ input in the rendering so that each line is no wider than this number of characters.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-textarea-rows title=attr-textarea-rows><code>rows</code></dfn> attribute specifies the number of
+ lines to show. If the <code title=attr-textarea-rows><a href=#attr-textarea-rows>rows</a></code> attribute is specified, its
+ value must be a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero. <span class=impl>If
+ applying the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> to the attribute's value results
+ in a number greater than zero, then the element's <dfn id=attr-textarea-rows-value title=attr-textarea-rows-value>character
+ height</dfn> is that value; otherwise, it is 2.</span></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Visual user agents should set the height of the control to the number of lines given by <a href=#attr-textarea-rows-value title=attr-textarea-rows-value>character height</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-textarea-wrap title=attr-textarea-wrap><code>wrap</code></dfn> attribute is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated
+ attribute</a> with two keywords and states: the <dfn id=attr-textarea-wrap-soft title=attr-textarea-wrap-soft><code>soft</code></dfn> keyword which maps to the <a href=#attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state title=attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state>Soft</a> state, and the <dfn id=attr-textarea-wrap-hard title=attr-textarea-wrap-hard><code>hard</code></dfn> keyword which maps to the <a href=#attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state title=attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state>Hard</a> state. The <i>missing value default</i> is the
+ <a href=#attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state title=attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state>Soft</a> state.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state title=attr-textarea-wrap-soft-state>Soft</dfn> state indicates that the text in the
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> is not to be wrapped when it is submitted (though it can still be wrapped in
+ the rendering).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state title=attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state>Hard</dfn> state indicates that the text in the
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> is to have newlines added by the user agent so that the text is wrapped when
+ it is submitted.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element's <code title=attr-textarea-wrap><a href=#attr-textarea-wrap>wrap</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state title=attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state>Hard</a> state, the <code title=attr-textarea-cols><a href=#attr-textarea-cols>cols</a></code> attribute must be specified.</p>
+
+ <!-- attr-textarea-wrap-off (attr-textarea-wrap-off-state): not conforming; turns off the
+ rendering of wrapping but otherwise acts like 'soft' -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>For historical reasons, the element's value is normalised in three different ways for three
+ different purposes. The <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw value</a> is the value as
+ it was originally set. It is not normalized. The <a href=#concept-textarea-api-value title=concept-textarea-api-value>API
+ value</a> is the value used in the <code title=dom-textarea-value><a href=#dom-textarea-value>value</a></code> IDL
+ attribute. It is normalised so that line breaks use U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters. Finally,
+ there is the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, as used in form submission and other
+ processing models in this specification. It is normalised so that line breaks use U+000D CARRIAGE
+ RETURN U+000A LINE FEED (CRLF) character pairs, and in addition, if necessary given the element's
+ <code title=attr-textarea-wrap><a href=#attr-textarea-wrap>wrap</a></code> attribute, additional line breaks are inserted to
+ wrap the text at the given width.</p>
+
+ <p>The element's <dfn id=concept-textarea-api-value title=concept-textarea-api-value>API value</dfn> is defined to be the
+ element's <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw value</a> with the following
+ transformation applied:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Replace every U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN U+000A LINE FEED (CRLF) character pair from the <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw value</a> with a single U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
+ character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace every remaining U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN character from the <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw value</a> with a single U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
+ character.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is defined to be the element's <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw value</a> with the <a href=#textarea-wrapping-transformation>textarea wrapping
+ transformation</a> applied. The <dfn id=textarea-wrapping-transformation>textarea wrapping transformation</dfn> is the following
+ algorithm, as applied to a string:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Replace every occurrence of a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) character not followed by a
+ U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character, and every occurrence of a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character not
+ preceded by a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) character, by a two-character string consisting of a
+ U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN U+000A LINE FEED (CRLF) character pair.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element's <code title=attr-textarea-wrap><a href=#attr-textarea-wrap>wrap</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state title=attr-textarea-wrap-hard-state>Hard</a> state, insert U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN U+000A
+ LINE FEED (CRLF) character pairs into the string using a UA-defined algorithm so that each line
+ has no more than <a href=#attr-textarea-cols-value title=attr-textarea-cols-value>character width</a> characters. For
+ the purposes of this requirement, lines are delimited by the start of the string, the end of the
+ string, and U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN U+000A LINE FEED (CRLF) character pairs.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-textarea-maxlength title=attr-textarea-maxlength><code>maxlength</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#attr-fe-maxlength title=attr-fe-maxlength>form control <code title="">maxlength</code> attribute</a> controlled
+ by the <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-textarea-dirty title=concept-textarea-dirty>dirty value
+ flag</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element has a <a href=#maximum-allowed-value-length>maximum allowed value length</a>, then the
+ element's children must be such that the <a href=#code-unit-length>code-unit length</a> of the value of the
+ element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute with the <a href=#textarea-wrapping-transformation>textarea wrapping
+ transformation</a> applied is equal to or less than the element's <a href=#maximum-allowed-value-length>maximum allowed value
+ length</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-textarea-minlength title=attr-textarea-minlength><code>minlength</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#attr-fe-minlength title=attr-fe-minlength>form control <code title="">minlength</code> attribute</a>
+ controlled by the <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-textarea-dirty title=concept-textarea-dirty>dirty
+ value flag</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- we allow the default to be smaller than the minimum, so that you can have incomplete, but not
+ empty, input already in the form, like a template that needs to be filled in -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-textarea-required title=attr-textarea-required><code>required</code></dfn> attribute is a
+ <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a>. When specified, the user will be required to enter a value before
+ submitting the form.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If the element has its <code title=attr-textarea-required><a href=#attr-textarea-required>required</a></code> attribute specified, and the element is <a href=#concept-fe-mutable title=concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a>, and the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is the empty string, then the element is <a href=#suffering-from-being-missing>suffering
+ from being missing</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <!-- substantially similar text in the <input> section -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-textarea-placeholder title=attr-textarea-placeholder><code>placeholder</code></dfn> attribute represents
+ a <em>short</em> hint (a word or short phrase) intended to aid the user with data entry when the
+ control has no value. A hint could be a sample value or a brief description of the expected
+ format.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-textarea-placeholder><a href=#attr-textarea-placeholder>placeholder</a></code> attribute should not be used as
+ an alternative to a <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>. For a longer hint or other advisory text, the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute is more appropriate.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>These mechanisms are very similar but subtly different: the hint given by the
+ control's <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> is shown at all times; the short hint given in the <code title=attr-textarea-placeholder><a href=#attr-textarea-placeholder>placeholder</a></code> attribute is shown before the user enters a
+ value; and the hint in the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute is shown when the user
+ requests further help.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents should present this hint to the user when the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is the empty string and the control is not
+ <a href=#focused>focused</a> (e.g. by displaying it inside a blank unfocused control). All U+000D CARRIAGE
+ RETURN U+000A LINE FEED character pairs (CRLF) in the hint, as well as all other U+000D CARRIAGE
+ RETURN (CR) and U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters in the hint, must be treated as line breaks when
+ rendering the hint.
+
+ </p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>
+ The <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute represents the element's name.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code> attribute controls how the element's <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">directionality</a> is submitted.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute is used to make the control
+ non-interactive and to prevent its value from being submitted.
+ The <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute is used to explicitly associate the
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element with its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> attribute controls focus.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code> attribute controls the user interface's input
+ modality for the control.
+ The <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attribute controls how the user agent
+ provides autofill behavior.
+ </p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">textarea</var> . <code title=attr-textarea-type>type</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the string "<code title="">textarea</code>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">textarea</var> . <code title=attr-textarea-value>value</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current value of the element.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-textarea-cols title=dom-textarea-cols><code>cols</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-textarea-placeholder title=dom-textarea-placeholder><code>placeholder</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-textarea-required title=dom-textarea-required><code>required</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-textarea-rows title=dom-textarea-rows><code>rows</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-textarea-wrap title=dom-textarea-wrap><code>wrap</code></dfn> attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ respective content attributes of the same name. The <code title=dom-textarea-cols><a href=#dom-textarea-cols>cols</a></code>
+ and <code title=dom-textarea-rows><a href=#dom-textarea-rows>rows</a></code> attributes are <a href=#limited-to-only-non-negative-numbers-greater-than-zero>limited to only non-negative
+ numbers greater than zero</a>. The <code title=dom-textarea-cols><a href=#dom-textarea-cols>cols</a></code> attribute's
+ default value is 20. The <code title=dom-textarea-rows><a href=#dom-textarea-rows>rows</a></code> attribute's default value is
+ 2. The <dfn id=dom-textarea-dirname title=dom-textarea-dirName><code>dirName</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code> content attribute. The <dfn id=dom-textarea-inputmode title=dom-textarea-inputMode><code>inputMode</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code> content attribute,
+ <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>. The <dfn id=dom-textarea-maxlength title=dom-textarea-maxLength><code>maxLength</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-textarea-maxlength><a href=#attr-textarea-maxlength>maxlength</a></code> content attribute,
+ <a href=#limited-to-only-non-negative-numbers>limited to only non-negative numbers</a>. The <dfn id=dom-textarea-minlength title=dom-textarea-minLength><code>minLength</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-textarea-minlength><a href=#attr-textarea-minlength>minlength</a></code> content attribute,
+ <a href=#limited-to-only-non-negative-numbers>limited to only non-negative numbers</a>. The <dfn id=dom-textarea-readonly title=dom-textarea-readOnly><code>readOnly</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the <code title=attr-textarea-readonly><a href=#attr-textarea-readonly>readonly</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-textarea-type title=dom-textarea-type><code>type</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the value
+ "<code title="">textarea</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-textarea-defaultvalue title=dom-textarea-defaultValue><code>defaultValue</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ act like the element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-textarea-value title=dom-textarea-value><code>value</code></dfn> attribute must, on getting, return
+ the element's <a href=#concept-textarea-api-value title=concept-textarea-api-value>API value</a>; on setting, it must set
+ the element's <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw value</a> to the new value, set the
+ element's <a href=#concept-textarea-dirty title=concept-textarea-dirty>dirty value flag</a> to true, and should then
+ move the text entry cursor position to the end of the text field, unselecting any selected text
+ and resetting the selection direction to <i>none</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-textarea-textlength title=dom-textarea-textLength><code>textLength</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ return the <a href=#code-unit-length>code-unit length</a> of the element's <a href=#concept-textarea-api-value title=concept-textarea-api-value>API value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-cva-willValidate><a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate>willValidate</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-validationMessage><a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage>validationMessage</a></code> IDL attributes, and the <code title=dom-cva-checkValidity><a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity>checkValidity()</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-reportValidity><a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity>reportValidity()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity()</a></code> methods, are part of the
+ <a href=#the-constraint-validation-api>constraint validation API</a>. The <code title=dom-lfe-labels><a href=#dom-lfe-labels>labels</a></code> IDL
+ attribute provides a list of the element's <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>s. The <code title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select()</a></code>, <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code>, <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>, <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>, <code title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> methods and IDL attributes
+ expose the element's text selection. The <code title=dom-fe-autofocus><a href=#dom-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code>, <code title=dom-fe-disabled><a href=#dom-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code>, <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code>, and <code title=dom-fe-name><a href=#dom-fe-name>name</a></code> IDL attributes are part of the element's forms API.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> being used for unrestricted free-form text input
+ in a form:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;If you have any comments, please let us know: &lt;textarea cols=80 name=comments&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>To specify a maximum length for the comments, one can use the <code title=attr-textarea-maxlength><a href=#attr-textarea-maxlength>maxlength</a></code> attribute:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;If you have any short comments, please let us know: &lt;textarea cols=80 name=comments maxlength=200&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>To give a default value, text can be included inside the element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;If you have any comments, please let us know: &lt;textarea cols=80 name=comments&gt;You rock!&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>You can also give a minimum length. Here, a letter needs to be filled out by the user; a
+ template (which is shorter than the minimum length) is provided, but is insufficient to submit
+ the form:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;textarea required minlength="500"&gt;Dear Madam Speaker,
+
+Regarding your letter dated ...
+
+...
+
+Yours Sincerely,
+
+...&lt;/textarea&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>A placeholder can be given as well, to suggest the basic form to the user, without providing
+ an explicit template:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;textarea placeholder="Dear Francine,
+
+They closed the parks this week, so we won't be able to
+meet your there. Should we just have dinner?
+
+Love,
+Daddy"&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>To have the browser submit <a href=#the-directionality>the directionality</a> of the element along with the
+ value, the <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code> attribute can be specified:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;If you have any comments, please let us know (you may use either English or Hebrew for your comments):
+&lt;textarea cols=80 name=comments dirname=comments.dir&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-keygen-element><span class=secno>4.10.12 </span>The <dfn><code>keygen</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>Listed</a>, <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a>, <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>, <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable</a>, and <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> &mdash; Automatically focus the form control when the page is loaded</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-keygen-challenge><a href=#attr-keygen-challenge>challenge</a></code> &mdash; String to package with the generated and signed public key</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> &mdash; Whether the form control is disabled</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> &mdash; Associates the control with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-keygen-keytype><a href=#attr-keygen-keytype>keytype</a></code> &mdash; The type of cryptographic key to generate</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> &mdash; Name of form control to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a> and in the <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>form.elements</a></code> API </dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlkeygenelement>HTMLKeygenElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fe-autofocus title=dom-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-keygen-challenge title=dom-keygen-challenge>challenge</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fe-disabled title=dom-fe-disabled>disabled</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a>? <a href=#dom-fae-form title=dom-fae-form>form</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-keygen-keytype title=dom-keygen-keytype>keytype</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fe-name title=dom-fe-name>name</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-keygen-type title=dom-keygen-type>type</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate title=dom-cva-willValidate>willValidate</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#validitystate>ValidityState</a> <a href=#dom-cva-validity title=dom-cva-validity>validity</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage title=dom-cva-validationMessage>validationMessage</a>;
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity title=dom-cva-checkValidity>checkValidity</a>();
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity title=dom-cva-reportValidity>reportValidity</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity>setCustomValidity</a>(DOMString error);
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a> <a href=#dom-lfe-labels title=dom-lfe-labels>labels</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a key pair generator control. When the
+ control's form is submitted, the private key is stored in the local keystore, and the public key
+ is packaged and sent to the server.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-keygen-challenge title=attr-keygen-challenge><code>challenge</code></dfn> attribute may be specified.
+ Its value will be packaged with the submitted key.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-keygen-keytype title=attr-keygen-keytype><code>keytype</code></dfn> attribute is an
+ <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a>. The following table lists the keywords and states for the
+ attribute &mdash; the keywords in the left column map to the states listed in the cell in the
+ second column on the same row as the keyword. User agents are not required to support these
+ values, and must only recognise values whose corresponding algorithms they support.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Keyword <th> State
+ <tbody><tr><td> <code title="">rsa</code>
+ <td> <i title="">RSA</i>
+<!-- v2 (see below)
+ <tr>
+ <td> <code title="">ec</code>
+ <td> <i title="">EC</i>
+-->
+ </table><p>The <i>invalid value default</i> state is the <i title="">unknown</i> state. The <i>missing
+ value default</i> state is the <i title="">RSA</i> state, if it is supported, or the <i title="">unknown</i> state otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This specification does not specify what key types user agents are to support
+ &mdash; it is possible for a user agent to not support any key types at all.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The user agent may expose a user interface for each <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code> element to allow the
+ user to configure settings of the element's key pair generator, e.g. the key length.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-form-reset-control title=concept-form-reset-control>reset algorithm</a> for <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>
+ elements is to set these various configuration settings back to their defaults.</p>
+
+ <p>The element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is the string returned from the
+ following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Use the appropriate step from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><!-- v2 (see above)
+
+ <dt>If the <code title="attr-keygen-keytype">keytype</code> attribute is in the <i
+ title="">EC</i> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>...
+
+ http://www.mail-archive.com/dev-tech-crypto@lists.mozilla.org/msg05902.html
+
+ </dd>
+
+ --><dt>If the <code title=attr-keygen-keytype><a href=#attr-keygen-keytype>keytype</a></code> attribute is in the <i title="">RSA</i> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Generate an RSA key pair using the settings given by the user, if appropriate, using the
+ <code title="">md5WithRSAEncryption</code> RSA signature algorithm (the signature algorithm
+ with MD5 and the RSA encryption algorithm) referenced in section 2.2.1 ("RSA Signature
+ Algorithm") of RFC 3279, and defined in RFC 2313. <a href=#refsRFC3279>[RFC3279]</a> <a href=#refsRFC2313>[RFC2313]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise, the <code title=attr-keygen-keytype><a href=#attr-keygen-keytype>keytype</a></code> attribute is in the <i title="">unknown</i> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The given key type is not supported. Return the empty string and abort this algorithm.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Let <var title="">private key</var> be the generated private key.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">public key</var> be the generated public key.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">signature algorithm</var> be the selected signature algorithm.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the element has a <code title=attr-keygen-challenge><a href=#attr-keygen-challenge>challenge</a></code> attribute, then let
+ <var title="">challenge</var> be that attribute's value. Otherwise, let <var title="">challenge</var> be the empty string.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">algorithm</var> be an ASN.1 <code title="">AlgorithmIdentifier</code>
+ structure as defined by RFC 5280, with the <code title="">algorithm</code> field giving the
+ ASN.1 OID used to identify <var title="">signature algorithm</var>, using the OIDs defined in
+ section 2.2 ("Signature Algorithms") of RFC 3279, and the <code title="">parameters</code> field
+ set up as required by RFC 3279 for <code title="">AlgorithmIdentifier</code> structures for that
+ algorithm. <a href=#refsX690>[X690]</a> <a href=#refsRFC5280>[RFC5280]</a> <a href=#refsRFC3279>[RFC3279]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">spki</var> be an ASN.1 <code title="">SubjectPublicKeyInfo</code> structure
+ as defined by RFC 5280, with the <code title="">algorithm</code> field set to the <var title="">algorithm</var> structure from the previous step, and the <code title="">subjectPublicKey</code> field set to the BIT STRING value resulting from ASN.1 DER
+ encoding the <var title="">public key</var>. <a href=#refsX690>[X690]</a> <a href=#refsRFC5280>[RFC5280]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">publicKeyAndChallenge</var> be an ASN.1 <code><a href=#publickeyandchallenge>PublicKeyAndChallenge</a></code>
+ structure as defined below, with the <code title="">spki</code> field set to the <var title="">spki</var> structure from the previous step, and the <code title="">challenge</code>
+ field set to the string <var title="">challenge</var> obtained earlier. <a href=#refsX690>[X690]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">signature</var> be the BIT STRING value resulting from ASN.1 DER encoding
+ the signature generated by applying the <var title="">signature algorithm</var> to the byte
+ string obtained by ASN.1 DER encoding the <var title="">publicKeyAndChallenge</var> structure,
+ using <var title="">private key</var> as the signing key. <a href=#refsX690>[X690]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">signedPublicKeyAndChallenge</var> be an ASN.1
+ <code><a href=#signedpublickeyandchallenge>SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge</a></code> structure as defined below, with the <code title="">publicKeyAndChallenge</code> field set to the <var title="">publicKeyAndChallenge</var>
+ structure, the <code title="">signatureAlgorithm</code> field set to the <var title="">algorithm</var> structure, and the <code title="">signature</code> field set to the BIT
+ STRING <var title="">signature</var> from the previous step. <a href=#refsX690>[X690]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return the result of base64 encoding the result of ASN.1 DER encoding the <var title="">signedPublicKeyAndChallenge</var> structure. <a href=#refsRFC4648>[RFC4648]</a><!--base64--> <a href=#refsX690>[X690]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The data objects used by the above algorithm are defined as follows. These definitions use the
+ same "ASN.1-like" syntax defined by RFC 5280. <a href=#refsRFC5280>[RFC5280]</a></p>
+
+ <pre class=asn><dfn id=publickeyandchallenge>PublicKeyAndChallenge</dfn> ::= SEQUENCE {
+ spki <span>SubjectPublicKeyInfo</span>,
+ challenge IA5STRING
+}
+
+<dfn id=signedpublickeyandchallenge>SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge</dfn> ::= SEQUENCE {
+ publicKeyAndChallenge <a href=#publickeyandchallenge>PublicKeyAndChallenge</a>,
+ signatureAlgorithm <span>AlgorithmIdentifier</span>,
+ signature BIT STRING
+}</pre>
+
+ <hr><p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: The <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code> element is <a href=#barred-from-constraint-validation>barred from
+ constraint validation</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute is used to explicitly associate the
+ <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code> element with its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>. The <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute represents the element's name. The <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute is used to make the control non-interactive and
+ to prevent its value from being submitted. The <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code>
+ attribute controls focus.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">keygen</var> . <code title=attr-keygen-type>type</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the string "<code title="">keygen</code>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-keygen-challenge title=dom-keygen-challenge><code>challenge</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-keygen-keytype title=dom-keygen-keytype><code>keytype</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known
+ values</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-keygen-type title=dom-keygen-type><code>type</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the value
+ "<code title="">keygen</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-cva-willValidate><a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate>willValidate</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-validationMessage><a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage>validationMessage</a></code> IDL attributes, and the <code title=dom-cva-checkValidity><a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity>checkValidity()</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-reportValidity><a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity>reportValidity()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity()</a></code> methods, are part of the
+ <a href=#the-constraint-validation-api>constraint validation API</a>. The <code title=dom-lfe-labels><a href=#dom-lfe-labels>labels</a></code> IDL
+ attribute provides a list of the element's <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>s. The <code title=dom-fe-autofocus><a href=#dom-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code>, <code title=dom-fe-disabled><a href=#dom-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code>, <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code>, and <code title=dom-fe-name><a href=#dom-fe-name>name</a></code> IDL attributes are
+ part of the element's forms API.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <p class=note>This specification does not specify how the private key generated is to be used.
+ It is expected that after receiving the <code><a href=#signedpublickeyandchallenge>SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge</a></code> (SPKAC)
+ structure, the server will generate a client certificate and offer it back to the user for
+ download; this certificate, once downloaded and stored in the key store along with the private
+ key, can then be used to authenticate to services that use TLS and certificate authentication. For
+ more information, see e.g. <a href=https://wiki.mozilla.org/CA:Certificate_Download_Specification>this MDN article</a>.</p>
+ <!-- or maybe https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/NSS_Certificate_Download_Specification ? -->
+
+ <!-- how does the UA know which private key is associated with a certificate it gets back after
+ the server has taken the public key created by <keygen> and turned it into a client cert? -->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>To generate a key pair, add the private key to the user's key store, and submit the public key
+ to the server, markup such as the following can be used:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="processkey.cgi" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;keygen name="key"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=submit value="Submit key..."&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The server will then receive a form submission with a packaged RSA public key as the value of
+ "<code title="">key</code>". This can then be used for various purposes, such as generating a
+ client certificate, as mentioned above.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-output-element><span class=secno>4.10.13 </span>The <dfn><code>output</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>Listed</a>, <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a>, <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable</a>, and <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-output-for><a href=#attr-output-for>for</a></code> &mdash; Specifies controls from which the output was calculated</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> &mdash; Associates the control with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> <!-- variant --> &mdash; Name of form control to use in the <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>form.elements</a></code> API </dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmloutputelement>HTMLOutputElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ [PutForwards=<span title=dom-DOMSettableTokenList-value>value</span>] readonly attribute <a href=#domsettabletokenlist>DOMSettableTokenList</a> <a href=#dom-output-htmlfor title=dom-output-htmlFor>htmlFor</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a>? <a href=#dom-fae-form title=dom-fae-form>form</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fe-name title=dom-fe-name>name</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-output-type title=dom-output-type>type</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-output-defaultvalue title=dom-output-defaultValue>defaultValue</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-output-value title=dom-output-value>value</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate title=dom-cva-willValidate>willValidate</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#validitystate>ValidityState</a> <a href=#dom-cva-validity title=dom-cva-validity>validity</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage title=dom-cva-validationMessage>validationMessage</a>;
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity title=dom-cva-checkValidity>checkValidity</a>();
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity title=dom-cva-reportValidity>reportValidity</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity>setCustomValidity</a>(DOMString error);
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a> <a href=#dom-lfe-labels title=dom-lfe-labels>labels</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the result of a calculation performed
+ by the application, or the result of a user action.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This element can be contrasted with the <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code> element, which is the
+ appropriate element for quoting the output of other programs run previously.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-output-for title=attr-output-for><code>for</code></dfn> content attribute allows an explicit
+ relationship to be made between the result of a calculation and the elements that represent the
+ values that went into the calculation or that otherwise influenced the calculation. The <code title=attr-output-for><a href=#attr-output-for>for</a></code> attribute, if specified, must contain a string consisting of an
+ <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a> that are <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>,
+ each of which must have the value of an <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> of an element in the
+ same <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute is used to explicitly associate the
+ <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code> element with its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>. The <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute represents the element's name.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The element has a <dfn id=concept-output-mode title=concept-output-mode>value mode flag</dfn> which is either <i title=concept-output-mode-value>value</i> or <i title=concept-output-mode-default>default</i>.
+ Initially, the <a href=#concept-output-mode title=concept-output-mode>value mode flag</a> must be set to <i title=concept-output-mode-default>default</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The element also has a <dfn id=concept-output-defaultvalue title=concept-output-defaultValue>default value</dfn>. Initially,
+ the <a href=#concept-output-defaultvalue title=concept-output-defaultValue>default value</a> must be the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <a href=#concept-output-mode title=concept-output-mode>value mode flag</a> is in mode <i title=concept-output-mode-default>default</i>, the contents of the element represent both the
+ value of the element and its <a href=#concept-output-defaultvalue title=concept-output-defaultValue>default value</a>. When
+ the <a href=#concept-output-mode title=concept-output-mode>value mode flag</a> is in mode <i title=concept-output-mode-value>value</i>, the contents of the element represent the value of
+ the element only, and the <a href=#concept-output-defaultvalue title=concept-output-defaultValue>default value</a> is only
+ accessible using the <code title=dom-output-defaultValue><a href=#dom-output-defaultvalue>defaultValue</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever the element's descendants are changed in any way, if the <a href=#concept-output-mode title=concept-output-mode>value mode flag</a> is in mode <i title=concept-output-mode-default>default</i>, the element's <a href=#concept-output-defaultvalue title=concept-output-defaultValue>default value</a> must be set to the value of the element's
+ <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-form-reset-control title=concept-form-reset-control>reset algorithm</a> for <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code>
+ elements is to set the element's <a href=#concept-output-mode title=concept-output-mode>value mode flag</a> to <i title=concept-output-mode-default>default</i> and then to set the element's
+ <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute to the value of the element's <a href=#concept-output-defaultvalue title=concept-output-defaultValue>default value</a> (thus replacing the element's child
+ nodes).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">output</var> . <code title=dom-output-value><a href=#dom-output-value>value</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the element's current value.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">output</var> . <code title=dom-output-defaultValue><a href=#dom-output-defaultvalue>defaultValue</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the element's current default value.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the default value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">output</var> . <code title=dom-output-type><a href=#dom-output-type>type</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the string "<code title="">output</code>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-output-value title=dom-output-value><code>value</code></dfn> IDL attribute must act like the
+ element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute, except that on setting, in addition, before the
+ child nodes are changed, the element's <a href=#concept-output-mode title=concept-output-mode>value mode flag</a>
+ must be set to <i title=concept-output-mode-value>value</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-output-defaultvalue title=dom-output-defaultValue><code>defaultValue</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on
+ getting, must return the element's <a href=#concept-output-defaultvalue title=concept-output-defaultValue>default value</a>.
+ On setting, the attribute must set the element's <a href=#concept-output-defaultvalue title=concept-output-defaultValue>default
+ value</a>, and, if the element's <a href=#concept-output-mode title=concept-output-mode>value mode flag</a> is in
+ the mode <i title=concept-output-mode-default>default</i>, set the element's
+ <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute as well.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-output-type title=dom-output-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute must return the string
+ "<code title="">output</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-output-htmlfor title=dom-output-htmlFor><code>htmlFor</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-output-for><a href=#attr-output-for>for</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-cva-willValidate><a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate>willValidate</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-validationMessage><a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage>validationMessage</a></code> IDL attributes, and the <code title=dom-cva-checkValidity><a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity>checkValidity()</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-reportValidity><a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity>reportValidity()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity()</a></code> methods, are part of the
+ <a href=#the-constraint-validation-api>constraint validation API</a>. The <code title=dom-lfe-labels><a href=#dom-lfe-labels>labels</a></code> IDL
+ attribute provides a list of the element's <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>s. The <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code> and <code title=dom-fe-name><a href=#dom-fe-name>name</a></code> IDL attributes are part
+ of the element's forms API.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A simple calculator could use <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code> for its display of calculated results:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form onsubmit="return false" oninput="o.value = a.valueAsNumber + b.valueAsNumber"&gt;
+ &lt;input name=a type=number step=any&gt; +
+ &lt;input name=b type=number step=any&gt; =
+ &lt;output name=o for="a b"&gt;&lt;/output&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, an <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code> element is used to report the results from a remote
+ server, as they come in:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;output id="result"&gt;&lt;/output&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var primeSource = new WebSocket('ws://primes.example.net/');
+ primeSource.onmessage = function (event) {
+ document.getElementById('result').value = event.data;
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-progress-element><span class=secno>4.10.14 </span>The <dfn><code>progress</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#category-label title=category-label>Labelable element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>, but there must be no <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-progress-value><a href=#attr-progress-value>value</a></code> &mdash; Current value of the element</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-progress-max><a href=#attr-progress-max>max</a></code> &mdash; Upper bound of range</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlprogresselement>HTMLProgressElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-progress-value title=dom-progress-value>value</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-progress-max title=dom-progress-max>max</a>;
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-progress-position title=dom-progress-position>position</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a> <a href=#dom-lfe-labels title=dom-lfe-labels>labels</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the completion progress of a task.
+ The progress is either indeterminate, indicating that progress is being made but that it is not
+ clear how much more work remains to be done before the task is complete (e.g. because the task is
+ waiting for a remote host to respond), or the progress is a number in the range zero to a maximum,
+ giving the fraction of work that has so far been completed.</p>
+
+ <p>There are two attributes that determine the current task completion represented by the element.
+ The <dfn id=attr-progress-value title=attr-progress-value><code>value</code></dfn> attribute specifies how much of the
+ task has been completed, and the <dfn id=attr-progress-max title=attr-progress-max><code>max</code></dfn> attribute
+ specifies how much work the task requires in total. The units are arbitrary and not specified.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>To make a determinate progress bar, add a <code title=attr-progress-value><a href=#attr-progress-value>value</a></code> attribute with the current progress (either a number from
+ 0.0 to 1.0, or, if the <code title=attr-progress-max><a href=#attr-progress-max>max</a></code> attribute is specified, a number
+ from 0 to the value of the <code title=attr-progress-max><a href=#attr-progress-max>max</a></code> attribute). To make an
+ indeterminate progress bar, remove the <code title=attr-progress-value><a href=#attr-progress-value>value</a></code>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors are encouraged to also include the current value and the maximum value inline as text
+ inside the element, so that the progress is made available to users of legacy user agents.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is a snippet of a Web application that shows the progress of some automated task:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Task Progress&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Progress: &lt;progress id="p" max=100&gt;&lt;span&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;%&lt;/progress&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ var progressBar = document.getElementById('p');
+ function updateProgress(newValue) {
+ progressBar.value = newValue;
+ progressBar.getElementsByTagName('span')[0].textContent = newValue;
+ }
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>(The <code>updateProgress()</code> method in this example would be called by some other code
+ on the page to update the actual progress bar as the task progressed.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-progress-value><a href=#attr-progress-value>value</a></code> and <code title=attr-progress-max><a href=#attr-progress-max>max</a></code> attributes, when present, must have values that are <a href=#valid-floating-point-number title="valid floating-point number">valid floating-point numbers</a>. The <code title=attr-progress-value><a href=#attr-progress-value>value</a></code> attribute, if present, must have a value equal to or
+ greater than zero, and less than or equal to the value of the <code title=attr-progress-max><a href=#attr-progress-max>max</a></code> attribute, if present, or 1.0, otherwise. The <code title=attr-progress-max><a href=#attr-progress-max>max</a></code> attribute, if present, must have a value greater than
+ zero.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> element is the wrong element to use for something that
+ is just a gauge, as opposed to task progress. For instance, indicating disk space usage using
+ <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> would be inappropriate. Instead, the <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element is available
+ for such use cases.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>User agent requirements</strong>: If the <code title=attr-progress-value><a href=#attr-progress-value>value</a></code>
+ attribute is omitted, then the progress bar is an indeterminate progress bar. Otherwise, it is a
+ determinate progress bar.</p>
+
+ <p>If the progress bar is a determinate progress bar and the element has a <code title=attr-progress-max><a href=#attr-progress-max>max</a></code> attribute, the user agent must parse the <code title=attr-progress-max><a href=#attr-progress-max>max</a></code> attribute's value according to the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing
+ floating-point number values</a>. If this does not result in an error, and if the parsed value
+ is greater than zero, then the <dfn id=concept-progress-maximum title=concept-progress-maximum>maximum value</dfn> of the
+ progress bar is that value. Otherwise, if the element has no <code title=attr-progress-max><a href=#attr-progress-max>max</a></code> attribute, or if it has one but parsing it resulted in an
+ error, or if the parsed value was less than or equal to zero, then the <a href=#concept-progress-maximum title=concept-progress-maximum>maximum value</a> of the progress bar is 1.0.</p>
+
+ <p>If the progress bar is a determinate progress bar, user agents must parse the <code title=attr-progress-value><a href=#attr-progress-value>value</a></code> attribute's value according to the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for
+ parsing floating-point number values</a>. If this does not result in an error, and if the
+ parsed value is less than the <a href=#concept-progress-maximum title=concept-progress-maximum>maximum value</a> and
+ greater than zero, then the <dfn id=concept-progress-value title=concept-progress-value>current value</dfn> of the
+ progress bar is that parsed value. Otherwise, if the parsed value was greater than or equal to the
+ <a href=#concept-progress-maximum title=concept-progress-maximum>maximum value</a>, then the <a href=#concept-progress-value title=concept-progress-value>current value</a> of the progress bar is the <a href=#concept-progress-maximum title=concept-progress-maximum>maximum value</a> of the progress bar. Otherwise, if parsing
+ the <code title=attr-progress-value><a href=#attr-progress-value>value</a></code> attribute's value resulted in an error, or a
+ number less than or equal to zero, then the <a href=#concept-progress-value title=concept-progress-value>current
+ value</a> of the progress bar is zero.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>UA requirements for showing the progress bar</strong>: When representing a
+ <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> element to the user, the UA should indicate whether it is a determinate or
+ indeterminate progress bar, and in the former case, should indicate the relative position of the
+ <a href=#concept-progress-value title=concept-progress-value>current value</a> relative to the <a href=#concept-progress-maximum title=concept-progress-maximum>maximum value</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">progress</var> . <code title=dom-progress-position><a href=#dom-progress-position>position</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>For a determinate progress bar (one with known current and maximum values), returns the
+ result of dividing the current value by the maximum value.</p>
+
+ <p>For an indeterminate progress bar, returns &minus;1.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>If the progress bar is an indeterminate progress bar, then the <dfn id=dom-progress-position title=dom-progress-position><code>position</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return &minus;1.
+ Otherwise, it must return the result of dividing the <a href=#concept-progress-value title=concept-progress-value>current
+ value</a> by the <a href=#concept-progress-maximum title=concept-progress-maximum>maximum value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the progress bar is an indeterminate progress bar, then the <dfn id=dom-progress-value title=dom-progress-value><code>value</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must return 0.
+ Otherwise, it must return the <a href=#concept-progress-value title=concept-progress-value>current value</a>. On
+ setting, the given value must be converted to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number>best representation of the number as a
+ floating-point number</a> and then the <code title=dom-progress-value><a href=#dom-progress-value>value</a></code> content
+ attribute must be set to that string.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Setting the <code title=dom-progress-value><a href=#dom-progress-value>value</a></code> IDL attribute to itself
+ when the corresponding content attribute is absent would change the progress bar from an
+ indeterminate progress bar to a determinate progress bar with no progress.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-progress-max title=dom-progress-max><code>max</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name, <a href=#limited-to-numbers-greater-than-zero>limited to numbers greater than
+ zero</a>. The default value for <code title=dom-progress-max><a href=#dom-progress-max>max</a></code> is 1.0.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-lfe-labels><a href=#dom-lfe-labels>labels</a></code> IDL attribute provides a list of the element's
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>s.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-meter-element><span class=secno>4.10.15 </span>The <dfn><code>meter</code></dfn> element</h4>
+ <!-- Keep this after <progress> and NOT close to <time> -->
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#category-label title=category-label>Labelable element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>, but there must be no <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>value</a></code> &mdash; Current value of the element</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-meter-min><a href=#attr-meter-min>min</a></code> &mdash; Lower bound of range</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-meter-max><a href=#attr-meter-max>max</a></code> &mdash; Upper bound of range</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-meter-low><a href=#attr-meter-low>low</a></code> &mdash; High limit of low range</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-meter-high><a href=#attr-meter-high>high</a></code> &mdash; Low limit of high range</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-meter-optimum><a href=#attr-meter-optimum>optimum</a></code> &mdash; Optimum value in gauge</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlmeterelement>HTMLMeterElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-meter-value title=dom-meter-value>value</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-meter-min title=dom-meter-min>min</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-meter-max title=dom-meter-max>max</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-meter-low title=dom-meter-low>low</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-meter-high title=dom-meter-high>high</a>;
+ attribute double <a href=#dom-meter-optimum title=dom-meter-optimum>optimum</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a> <a href=#dom-lfe-labels title=dom-lfe-labels>labels</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a scalar measurement within a known
+ range, or a fractional value; for example disk usage, the relevance of a query result, or the
+ fraction of a voting population to have selected a particular candidate.</p>
+
+ <p>This is also known as a gauge.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element should not be used to indicate progress (as in a
+ progress bar). For that role, HTML provides a separate <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element also does not represent a scalar value of arbitrary
+ range &mdash; for example, it would be wrong to use this to report a weight, or height, unless
+ there is a known maximum value.</p>
+
+ <p>There are six attributes that determine the semantics of the gauge represented by the
+ element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-meter-min title=attr-meter-min><code>min</code></dfn> attribute specifies the lower bound of
+ the range, and the <dfn id=attr-meter-max title=attr-meter-max><code>max</code></dfn> attribute specifies the
+ upper bound. The <dfn id=attr-meter-value title=attr-meter-value><code>value</code></dfn> attribute specifies the
+ value to have the gauge indicate as the "measured" value.</p>
+
+ <p>The other three attributes can be used to segment the gauge's range into "low", "medium", and
+ "high" parts, and to indicate which part of the gauge is the "optimum" part. The <dfn id=attr-meter-low title=attr-meter-low><code>low</code></dfn> attribute specifies the range that is considered to
+ be the "low" part, and the <dfn id=attr-meter-high title=attr-meter-high><code>high</code></dfn> attribute
+ specifies the range that is considered to be the "high" part. The <dfn id=attr-meter-optimum title=attr-meter-optimum><code>optimum</code></dfn> attribute gives the position that is
+ "optimum"; if that is higher than the "high" value then this indicates that the higher the value,
+ the better; if it's lower than the "low" mark then it indicates that lower values are better, and
+ naturally if it is in between then it indicates that neither high nor low values are good.</p>
+
+ <p><span class=impl><strong>Authoring requirements</strong>:</span> The <code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>value</a></code> attribute must be specified. The <code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>value</a></code>, <code title=attr-meter-min><a href=#attr-meter-min>min</a></code>, <code title=attr-meter-low><a href=#attr-meter-low>low</a></code>, <code title=attr-meter-high><a href=#attr-meter-high>high</a></code>, <code title=attr-meter-max><a href=#attr-meter-max>max</a></code>, and <code title=attr-meter-optimum><a href=#attr-meter-optimum>optimum</a></code> attributes,
+ when present, must have values that are <a href=#valid-floating-point-number title="valid floating-point number">valid
+ floating-point numbers</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>In addition, the attributes' values are further constrained:</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the <code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>value</a></code> attribute's
+ number.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-meter-min><a href=#attr-meter-min>min</a></code> attribute is specified, then let <var title="">minimum</var> be that attribute's value; otherwise, let it be zero.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-meter-max><a href=#attr-meter-max>max</a></code> attribute is specified, then let <var title="">maximum</var> be that attribute's value; otherwise, let it be 1.0.</p>
+
+ <p>The following inequalities must hold, as applicable:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><var title="">minimum</var> &le; <var title="">value</var> &le; <var title="">maximum</var></li>
+
+ <li><var title="">minimum</var> &le; <code title=attr-meter-low><a href=#attr-meter-low>low</a></code> &le; <var title="">maximum</var> (if <code title=attr-meter-low><a href=#attr-meter-low>low</a></code> is specified)</li>
+
+ <li><var title="">minimum</var> &le; <code title=attr-meter-high><a href=#attr-meter-high>high</a></code> &le; <var title="">maximum</var> (if <code title=attr-meter-high><a href=#attr-meter-high>high</a></code> is specified)</li>
+
+ <li><var title="">minimum</var> &le; <code title=attr-meter-optimum><a href=#attr-meter-optimum>optimum</a></code> &le; <var title="">maximum</var> (if <code title=attr-meter-optimum><a href=#attr-meter-optimum>optimum</a></code> is specified)</li>
+
+ <li><code title=attr-meter-low><a href=#attr-meter-low>low</a></code> &le; <code title=attr-meter-high><a href=#attr-meter-high>high</a></code> (if
+ both <code title=attr-meter-low><a href=#attr-meter-low>low</a></code> and <code title=attr-meter-high><a href=#attr-meter-high>high</a></code> are
+ specified)</li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>If no minimum or maximum is specified, then the range is assumed to be 0..1, and
+ the value thus has to be within that range.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors are encouraged to include a textual representation of the gauge's state in the
+ element's contents, for users of user agents that do not support the <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ <p>When used with <a href=#microdata>microdata</a>, the <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element's <code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>value</a></code> attribute provides the element's machine-readable value.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following examples show three gauges that would all be three-quarters full:</p>
+
+ <pre>Storage space usage: &lt;meter value=6 max=8&gt;6 blocks used (out of 8 total)&lt;/meter&gt;
+Voter turnout: &lt;meter value=0.75&gt;&lt;img alt="75%" src="graph75.png"&gt;&lt;/meter&gt;
+Tickets sold: &lt;meter min="0" max="100" value="75"&gt;&lt;/meter&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The following example is incorrect use of the element, because it doesn't give a range (and
+ since the default maximum is 1, both of the gauges would end up looking maxed out):</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;p&gt;The grapefruit pie had a radius of &lt;meter value=12&gt;12cm&lt;/meter&gt;
+and a height of &lt;meter value=2&gt;2cm&lt;/meter&gt;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!-- <strong>BAD!</strong> --&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Instead, one would either not include the meter element, or use the meter element with a
+ defined range to give the dimensions in context compared to other pies:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;The grapefruit pie had a radius of 12cm and a height of
+2cm.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Radius: &lt;dd&gt; &lt;meter min=0 max=20 value=12&gt;12cm&lt;/meter&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Height: &lt;dd&gt; &lt;meter min=0 max=10 value=2&gt;2cm&lt;/meter&gt;
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>There is no explicit way to specify units in the <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element, but the units may
+ be specified in the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute in free-form text.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The example above could be extended to mention the units:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Radius: &lt;dd&gt; &lt;meter min=0 max=20 value=12 title="centimeters"&gt;12cm&lt;/meter&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Height: &lt;dd&gt; &lt;meter min=0 max=10 value=2 title="centimeters"&gt;2cm&lt;/meter&gt;
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>User agent requirements</strong>: User agents must parse the <code title=attr-meter-min><a href=#attr-meter-min>min</a></code>, <code title=attr-meter-max><a href=#attr-meter-max>max</a></code>, <code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>value</a></code>, <code title=attr-meter-low><a href=#attr-meter-low>low</a></code>, <code title=attr-meter-high><a href=#attr-meter-high>high</a></code>, and <code title=attr-meter-optimum><a href=#attr-meter-optimum>optimum</a></code>
+ attributes using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-floating-point-number-values>rules for parsing floating-point number values</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must then use all these numbers to obtain values for six points on the gauge, as
+ follows. (The order in which these are evaluated is important, as some of the values refer to
+ earlier ones.)</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The <dfn id=concept-meter-minimum title=concept-meter-minimum>minimum value</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-meter-min><a href=#attr-meter-min>min</a></code> attribute is specified and a value could be
+ parsed out of it, then the minimum value is that value. Otherwise, the minimum value is
+ zero.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=concept-meter-maximum title=concept-meter-maximum>maximum value</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-meter-max><a href=#attr-meter-max>max</a></code> attribute is specified and a value could be
+ parsed out of it, then the candidate maximum value is that value. Otherwise, the candidate
+ maximum value is 1.0.</p>
+
+ <p>If the candidate maximum value is greater than or equal to the minimum value, then the
+ maximum value is the candidate maximum value. Otherwise, the maximum value is the same as the
+ minimum value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=concept-meter-actual title=concept-meter-actual>actual value</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>value</a></code> attribute is specified and a value could
+ be parsed out of it, then that value is the candidate actual value. Otherwise, the candidate
+ actual value is zero.</p>
+
+ <p>If the candidate actual value is less than the minimum value, then the actual value is the
+ minimum value.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the candidate actual value is greater than the maximum value, then the actual
+ value is the maximum value.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the actual value is the candidate actual value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=concept-meter-low title=concept-meter-low>low boundary</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-meter-low><a href=#attr-meter-low>low</a></code> attribute is specified and a value could be
+ parsed out of it, then the candidate low boundary is that value. Otherwise, the candidate low
+ boundary is the same as the minimum value.</p>
+
+ <p>If the candidate low boundary is less than the minimum value, then the low boundary is the
+ minimum value.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the candidate low boundary is greater than the maximum value, then the low
+ boundary is the maximum value.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the low boundary is the candidate low boundary.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=concept-meter-high title=concept-meter-high>high boundary</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-meter-high><a href=#attr-meter-high>high</a></code> attribute is specified and a value could be
+ parsed out of it, then the candidate high boundary is that value. Otherwise, the candidate high
+ boundary is the same as the maximum value.</p>
+
+ <p>If the candidate high boundary is less than the low boundary, then the high boundary is the
+ low boundary.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the candidate high boundary is greater than the maximum value, then the high
+ boundary is the maximum value.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the high boundary is the candidate high boundary.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=concept-meter-optimum title=concept-meter-optimum>optimum point</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-meter-optimum><a href=#attr-meter-optimum>optimum</a></code> attribute is specified and a value
+ could be parsed out of it, then the candidate optimum point is that value. Otherwise, the
+ candidate optimum point is the midpoint between the minimum value and the maximum value.</p>
+
+ <p>If the candidate optimum point is less than the minimum value, then the optimum point is the
+ minimum value.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the candidate optimum point is greater than the maximum value, then the optimum
+ point is the maximum value.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the optimum point is the candidate optimum point.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>All of which will result in the following inequalities all being true:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>minimum value &le; actual value &le; maximum value</li>
+ <li>minimum value &le; low boundary &le; high boundary &le; maximum value</li>
+ <li>minimum value &le; optimum point &le; maximum value</li>
+ </ul><p><strong>UA requirements for regions of the gauge</strong>: If the optimum point is equal to the
+ low boundary or the high boundary, or anywhere in between them, then the region between the low
+ and high boundaries of the gauge must be treated as the optimum region, and the low and high
+ parts, if any, must be treated as suboptimal. Otherwise, if the optimum point is less than the low
+ boundary, then the region between the minimum value and the low boundary must be treated as the
+ optimum region, the region from the low boundary up to the high boundary must be treated as a
+ suboptimal region, and the remaining region must be treated as an even less good region. Finally,
+ if the optimum point is higher than the high boundary, then the situation is reversed; the region
+ between the high boundary and the maximum value must be treated as the optimum region, the region
+ from the high boundary down to the low boundary must be treated as a suboptimal region, and the
+ remaining region must be treated as an even less good region.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>UA requirements for showing the gauge</strong>: When representing a <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code>
+ element to the user, the UA should indicate the relative position of the actual value to the
+ minimum and maximum values, and the relationship between the actual value and the three regions of
+ the gauge.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>The following markup:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;h3&gt;Suggested groups&lt;/h3&gt;
+&lt;menu type="toolbar"&gt;
+ &lt;a href="?cmd=hsg" onclick="hideSuggestedGroups()"&gt;Hide suggested groups&lt;/a&gt;
+&lt;/menu&gt;
+&lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/group/comp.infosystems.www.authoring.stylesheets/view"&gt;comp.infosystems.www.authoring.stylesheets&lt;/a&gt; -
+ &lt;a href="/group/comp.infosystems.www.authoring.stylesheets/subscribe"&gt;join&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Group description: &lt;strong&gt;Layout/presentation on the WWW.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;meter value="0.5"&gt;Moderate activity,&lt;/meter&gt;</strong> Usenet, 618 subscribers&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/group/netscape.public.mozilla.xpinstall/view"&gt;netscape.public.mozilla.xpinstall&lt;/a&gt; -
+ &lt;a href="/group/netscape.public.mozilla.xpinstall/subscribe"&gt;join&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Group description: &lt;strong&gt;Mozilla XPInstall discussion.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;meter value="0.25"&gt;Low activity,&lt;/meter&gt;</strong> Usenet, 22 subscribers&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/group/mozilla.dev.general/view"&gt;mozilla.dev.general&lt;/a&gt; -
+ &lt;a href="/group/mozilla.dev.general/subscribe"&gt;join&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;<strong>&lt;meter value="0.25"&gt;Low activity,&lt;/meter&gt;</strong> Usenet, 66 subscribers&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>
+ <p>Might be rendered as follows:</p>
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-meter.png width=332 alt="With the <meter> elements rendered as inline green bars of varying lengths." height=178></p>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>User agents <span class=impl>may</span> combine the value of the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute and the other attributes to provide context-sensitive
+ help or inline text detailing the actual values.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>For example, the following snippet:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;meter min=0 max=60 value=23.2 title=seconds&gt;&lt;/meter&gt;</pre>
+ <p>...might cause the user agent to display a gauge with a tooltip
+ saying "Value: 23.2 out of 60." on one line and "seconds" on a
+ second line.</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-meter-value title=dom-meter-value><code>value</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must
+ return the <a href=#concept-meter-actual title=concept-meter-actual>actual value</a>. On setting, the given value
+ must be converted to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number>best representation of the number as a floating-point number</a>
+ and then the <code title=dom-meter-value><a href=#dom-meter-value>value</a></code> content attribute must be set to that
+ string.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-meter-min title=dom-meter-min><code>min</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must return
+ the <a href=#concept-meter-minimum title=concept-meter-minimum>minimum value</a>. On setting, the given value must be
+ converted to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number>best representation of the number as a floating-point number</a> and
+ then the <code title=dom-meter-min><a href=#dom-meter-min>min</a></code> content attribute must be set to that string.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-meter-max title=dom-meter-max><code>max</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must return
+ the <a href=#concept-meter-maximum title=concept-meter-maximum>maximum value</a>. On setting, the given value must be
+ converted to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number>best representation of the number as a floating-point number</a> and
+ then the <code title=dom-meter-max><a href=#dom-meter-max>max</a></code> content attribute must be set to that string.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-meter-low title=dom-meter-low><code>low</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must return
+ the <a href=#concept-meter-low title=concept-meter-low>low boundary</a>. On setting, the given value must be
+ converted to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number>best representation of the number as a floating-point number</a> and
+ then the <code title=dom-meter-low><a href=#dom-meter-low>low</a></code> content attribute must be set to that string.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-meter-high title=dom-meter-high><code>high</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must return
+ the <a href=#concept-meter-high title=concept-meter-high>high boundary</a>. On setting, the given value must be
+ converted to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number>best representation of the number as a floating-point number</a> and
+ then the <code title=dom-meter-high><a href=#dom-meter-high>high</a></code> content attribute must be set to that
+ string.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-meter-optimum title=dom-meter-optimum><code>optimum</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must
+ return the <a href=#concept-meter-optimum title=concept-meter-optimum>optimum value</a>. On setting, the given value
+ must be converted to the <a href=#best-representation-of-the-number-as-a-floating-point-number>best representation of the number as a floating-point number</a>
+ and then the <code title=dom-meter-optimum><a href=#dom-meter-optimum>optimum</a></code> content attribute must be set to that
+ string.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-lfe-labels><a href=#dom-lfe-labels>labels</a></code> IDL attribute provides a list of the element's
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>s.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows how a gauge could fall back to localised or pretty-printed
+ text.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Disk usage: &lt;meter min=0 value=170261928 max=233257824&gt;170&thinsp;261&thinsp;928 bytes used
+out of 233&thinsp;257&thinsp;824 bytes available&lt;/meter&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-fieldset-element><span class=secno>4.10.16 </span>The <dfn><code>fieldset</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#sectioning-root>Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>Listed</a> and <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Optionally a <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element, followed by <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fieldset-disabled><a href=#attr-fieldset-disabled>disabled</a></code> &mdash; Whether the form control is disabled</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> &mdash; Associates the control with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> <!-- variant --> &mdash; Name of form control to use in the <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>form.elements</a></code> API </dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlfieldsetelement>HTMLFieldSetElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-fieldset-disabled title=dom-fieldset-disabled>disabled</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a>? <a href=#dom-fae-form title=dom-fae-form>form</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fe-name title=dom-fe-name>name</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-fieldset-type title=dom-fieldset-type>type</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformcontrolscollection>HTMLFormControlsCollection</a> <a href=#dom-fieldset-elements title=dom-fieldset-elements>elements</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate title=dom-cva-willValidate>willValidate</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#validitystate>ValidityState</a> <a href=#dom-cva-validity title=dom-cva-validity>validity</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage title=dom-cva-validationMessage>validationMessage</a>;
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity title=dom-cva-checkValidity>checkValidity</a>();
+ boolean <a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity title=dom-cva-reportValidity>reportValidity</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity>setCustomValidity</a>(DOMString error);
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a set of form controls optionally
+ grouped under a common name.</p>
+
+ <p>The name of the group is given by the first <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element that is a child of the
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element, if any. The remainder of the descendants form the group.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-fieldset-disabled title=attr-fieldset-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn> attribute, when specified,
+ causes all the form control descendants of the <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element, excluding those that
+ are descendants of the <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element's first <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element child, if
+ any, to be <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute is used to explicitly associate the
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element with its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>. The <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute represents the element's name.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">fieldset</var> . <code title=dom-fieldset-type><a href=#dom-fieldset-type>type</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the string "fieldset".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">fieldset</var> . <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>elements</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlformcontrolscollection>HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></code> of the form controls in the element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-fieldset-disabled title=dom-fieldset-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-fieldset-type title=dom-fieldset-type><code>type</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the string
+ "<code title="">fieldset</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-fieldset-elements title=dom-fieldset-elements><code>elements</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlformcontrolscollection>HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element, whose filter
+ matches <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-cva-willValidate><a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate>willValidate</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-validationMessage><a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage>validationMessage</a></code> attributes, and the <code title=dom-cva-checkValidity><a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity>checkValidity()</a></code>, <code title=dom-cva-reportValidity><a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity>reportValidity()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity()</a></code> methods, are part of the
+ <a href=#the-constraint-validation-api>constraint validation API</a>. The <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code> and <code title=dom-fe-name><a href=#dom-fe-name>name</a></code> IDL attributes are part of the element's forms API.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows a <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element being used to group a set of related
+ controls:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt;Display&lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=radio name=c value=0 checked&gt; Black on White&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=radio name=c value=1&gt; White on Black&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox name=g&gt; Use grayscale&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Enhance contrast &lt;input type=range name=e list=contrast min=0 max=100 value=0 step=1&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;datalist id=contrast&gt;
+ &lt;option label=Normal value=0&gt;
+ &lt;option label=Maximum value=100&gt;
+ &lt;/datalist&gt;
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following snippet shows a fieldset with a checkbox in the legend that controls whether or
+ not the fieldset is enabled. The contents of the fieldset consist of two required text fields and
+ an optional year/month control.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;fieldset name="clubfields" disabled&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; &lt;label&gt;
+ &lt;input type=checkbox name=club onchange="form.clubfields.disabled = !checked"&gt;
+ Use Club Card
+ &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name on card: &lt;input name=clubname required&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Card number: &lt;input name=clubnum required pattern="[-0-9]+"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Expiry date: &lt;input name=clubexp type=month&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>You can also nest <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> elements. Here is an example expanding on the previous
+ one that does so:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;fieldset name="clubfields" disabled&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; &lt;label&gt;
+ &lt;input type=checkbox name=club onchange="form.clubfields.disabled = !checked"&gt;
+ Use Club Card
+ &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name on card: &lt;input name=clubname required&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset name="numfields"&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; &lt;label&gt;
+ &lt;input type=radio checked name=clubtype onchange="form.numfields.disabled = !checked"&gt;
+ My card has numbers on it
+ &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Card number: &lt;input name=clubnum required pattern="[-0-9]+"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset name="letfields" disabled&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt; &lt;label&gt;
+ &lt;input type=radio name=clubtype onchange="form.letfields.disabled = !checked"&gt;
+ My card has letters on it
+ &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Card code: &lt;input name=clublet required pattern="[A-Za-z]+"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In this example, if the outer "Use Club Card" checkbox is not checked, everything inside the
+ outer <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>, including the two radio buttons in the legends of the two nested
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>s, will be disabled. However, if the checkbox is checked, then the radio
+ buttons will both be enabled and will let you select which of the two inner
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>s is to be enabled.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-legend-element><span class=secno>4.10.17 </span>The <dfn><code>legend</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As the first child of a <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmllegendelement>HTMLLegendElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a>? <a href=#dom-legend-form title=dom-legend-form>form</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLLegendElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a caption for the rest of the contents
+ of the <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element's parent <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element<span class=impl>, if
+ any</span>.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">legend</var> . <code title=dom-legend-form><a href=#dom-legend-form>form</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the element's <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element, if any, or null otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-legend-form title=dom-legend-form><code>form</code></dfn> IDL attribute's behavior depends on
+ whether the <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element is in a <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element or not. If the
+ <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> has a <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element as its parent, then the <code title=dom-legend-form><a href=#dom-legend-form>form</a></code> IDL attribute must return the same value as the <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code> IDL attribute on that <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element. Otherwise,
+ it must return null.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=form-control-infrastructure><span class=secno>4.10.18 </span>Form control infrastructure</h4>
+
+ <h5 id="a-form-control's-value"><span class=secno>4.10.18.1 </span>A form control's value</h5>
+
+ <p>Most form controls have a <dfn id=concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</dfn> and a <dfn id=concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</dfn>. (The latter is only used by <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>
+ elements.) These are used to describe how the user interacts with the control.</p>
+
+ <p>To define the behaviour of constraint validation in the face of the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>
+ element's <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute, <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements
+ can also have separately defined <dfn id=concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>value<em>s</em></dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element does not have a <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>;
+ the <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> of its <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>
+ elements is what is used instead.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=mutability><span class=secno>4.10.18.2 </span>Mutability</h5>
+
+ <p>A form control can be designated as <dfn id=concept-fe-mutable title=concept-fe-mutable><i>mutable</i></dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This determines (by means of definitions and requirements in this specification
+ that rely on whether an element is so designated) whether or not the user can modify the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> or <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> of a
+ form control, or whether or not a control can be automatically prefilled.</p>
+ <!-- or the concept-option-selectedness, or the concept-fe-values... -->
+
+
+ <h5 id=association-of-controls-and-forms><span class=secno>4.10.18.3 </span>Association of controls and forms</h5>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a> can have a relationship with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ element, which is called the element's <dfn id=form-owner>form owner</dfn>. If a <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated
+ element</a> is not associated with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element, its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> is
+ said to be null.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a> is, by default, associated with its <span class=impl>nearest</span> ancestor <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element<span class=impl> (as described
+ below)</span>, but, if it is <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a>, may have a
+ <dfn id=attr-fae-form title=attr-fae-form><code>form</code></dfn> attribute specified to override this.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This feature allows authors to work around the lack of support for nested
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated
+ element</a> has a <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute specified, then that
+ attribute's value must be the <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> of a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element
+ in the element's owner <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>The rules in this section are complicated by the fact that although conforming
+ documents will never contain nested <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements, it is quite possible (e.g. using a
+ script that performs DOM manipulation) to generate documents that have such nested elements. They
+ are also complicated by rules in the HTML parser that, for historical reasons, can result in a
+ <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a> being associated with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element that is not
+ its ancestor.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a> is created, its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> must be
+ initialised to null (no owner).</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a> is to be <dfn id=concept-form-association title=concept-form-association>associated</dfn> with a form, its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> must
+ be set to that form.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a> or one of its ancestors is <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an
+ element into a document">inserted into a <code>Document</code></a>, then the user agent must
+ <a href=#reset-the-form-owner>reset the form owner</a> of that <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>. <span class=note>The <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> overrides this requirement when inserting form
+ controls.</span></p>
+
+ <p>When an element changes its parent node resulting in a <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a> and
+ its <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> (if any) no longer being in the same <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a>, then
+ the user agent must <a href=#reset-the-form-owner>reset the form owner</a> of that <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated
+ element</a>'s <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute is set, changed, or removed,
+ then the user agent must <a href=#reset-the-form-owner>reset the form owner</a> of that element.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated
+ element</a> has a <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute and the <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> of any of the elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> changes, then
+ the user agent must <a href=#reset-the-form-owner>reset the form owner</a> of that <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated
+ element</a> has a <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute and an element with an
+ <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> is <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a document">inserted
+ into</a> or <a href=#remove-an-element-from-a-document title="remove an element from a document">removed from</a> the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, then the user agent must <a href=#reset-the-form-owner>reset the form owner</a> of that
+ <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=reset-the-form-owner>reset the form owner</dfn> of a <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated
+ element</a>, it must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element's <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> is not null, and either the element is not <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> or its <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> content attribute is not present, and the element's <a href=#form-owner>form
+ owner</a> is its nearest <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element ancestor after the change to the ancestor
+ chain, then do nothing, and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the element's <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> be null.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the element is <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a>, has a <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> content attribute, and is itself <a href=#in-a-document title="in a
+ Document">in a <code>Document</code></a>, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- note that this ignores the name="" attribute and is unaffected by quirks mode (it's always
+ case sensitive) --><li><p>If the first element <a href=#in-a-document title="in a Document">in the <code>Document</code></a> to
+ have an <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> that is <a href=#case-sensitive title=case-sensitive>case-sensitively</a> equal to the element's <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> content attribute's value is a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element,
+ then <a href=#concept-form-association title=concept-form-association>associate</a> the <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated
+ element</a> with that <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort the "reset the form owner" steps.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a> in question has an ancestor
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element, then <a href=#concept-form-association title=concept-form-association>associate</a> the
+ <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a> with the nearest such ancestor <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, the element is left unassociated.</li>
+
+ </ol><div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following non-conforming snippet:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>...
+ &lt;form id="a"&gt;
+ &lt;div id="b"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
+ &lt;/form&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ document.getElementById('b').innerHTML =
+ '&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;form id="c"&gt;&lt;input id="d"&gt;&lt;/table&gt;' +
+ '&lt;input id="e"&gt;';
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+...</pre>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> of "d" would be the inner nested form "c", while the <a href=#form-owner>form
+ owner</a> of "e" would be the outer form "a".</p>
+
+ <p>This happens as follows: First, the "e" node gets associated with "c" in the <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a>. Then, the <code title=dom-innerHTML><a href=#dom-innerhtml>innerHTML</a></code> algorithm moves the nodes
+ from the temporary document to the "b" element. At this point, the nodes see their ancestor chain
+ change, and thus all the "magic" associations done by the parser are reset to normal ancestor
+ associations.</p>
+
+ <p>This example is a non-conforming document, though, as it is a violation of the content models
+ to nest <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-fae-form><a href=#dom-fae-form>form</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the element's <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Returns null if there isn't one.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p><a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>Reassociateable</a> <a href=#form-associated-element title="form-associated
+ element">form-associated elements</a> have a <dfn id=dom-fae-form title=dom-fae-form><code>form</code></dfn>
+ IDL attribute, which, on getting, must return the element's <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>, or null if
+ there isn't one.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=attributes-common-to-form-controls><span class=secno>4.10.19 </span><dfn>Attributes common to form controls</dfn></h4>
+
+ <h5 id=naming-form-controls:-the-name-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.1 </span>Naming form controls: the <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-fe-name title=attr-fe-name><code>name</code></dfn> content attribute gives the name of the
+ form control, as used in <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a> and in the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element's <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>elements</a></code> object. If the attribute is specified, its value must
+ not be the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>Any non-empty value for <code title=attr-form-name><a href=#attr-form-name>name</a></code> is allowed, but the names
+ "<code title=attr-fe-name-charset><a href=#attr-fe-name-charset>_charset_</a></code>" and "<code title=attr-fe-name-isindex><a href=#attr-fe-name-isindex>isindex</a></code>" are special:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=attr-fe-name-isindex title=attr-fe-name-isindex><code>isindex</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This value, if used as the name of a <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> control
+ that is the first control in a form that is submitted using the <code title=attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code> mechanism, causes
+ the submission to only include the value of this control, with no name.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-fe-name-charset title=attr-fe-name-charset><code>_charset_</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This value, if used as the name of a <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a>
+ control with no <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, is automatically given a
+ value during submission consisting of the submission character encoding.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-fe-name title=dom-fe-name><code>name</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=submitting-element-directionality:-the-dirname-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.2 </span>Submitting element directionality: the <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code> attribute</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-fe-dirname title=attr-fe-dirname><code>dirname</code></dfn> attribute on a form control element
+ enables the submission of <a href=#the-directionality>the directionality</a> of the element, and gives the name of
+ the field that contains this value during <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>. If such an attribute is
+ specified, its value must not be the empty string.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a form contains a text field and a submission button:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="addcomment.cgi" method=post&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Comment: &lt;input type=text name="comment" dirname="comment.dir" required&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;button name="mode" type=submit value="add"&gt;Post Comment&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>When the user submits the form, the user agent includes three fields, one called "comment",
+ one called "comment.dir", and one called "mode"; so if the user types "Hello", the submission
+ body might be something like:</p>
+
+ <pre>comment=Hello&amp;<strong>comment.dir=ltr</strong>&amp;mode=add</pre>
+
+ <p>If the user manually switches to a right-to-left writing direction and enters "<span dir=rtl lang=ar title="">&#x645;&#x631;&#x62d;&#x628;&#x627;</span>", the submission body might be
+ something like:</p>
+
+ <pre>comment=%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7&amp;<strong>comment.dir=rtl</strong>&amp;mode=add</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=limiting-user-input-length:-the-maxlength-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.3 </span>Limiting user input length: the <code title=attr-fe-maxlength><a href=#attr-fe-maxlength>maxlength</a></code> attribute</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=attr-fe-maxlength title=attr-fe-maxlength>form control <code title="">maxlength</code> attribute</dfn>,
+ controlled by a <var title="">dirty value flag</var>, declares a limit on the number of characters
+ a user can input.</p>
+
+ <p>If an element has its <a href=#attr-fe-maxlength title=attr-fe-maxlength>form control <code title="">maxlength</code> attribute</a> specified, the attribute's value must be a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid
+ non-negative integer</a>. If the attribute is specified and applying the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for
+ parsing non-negative integers</a> to its value results in a number, then that number is the
+ element's <dfn id=maximum-allowed-value-length>maximum allowed value length</dfn>. If the attribute is omitted or parsing its
+ value results in an error, then there is no <a href=#maximum-allowed-value-length>maximum allowed value length</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If an element has a <a href=#maximum-allowed-value-length>maximum allowed value
+ length</a>, its <var title="">dirty value flag</var> is true, its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> was last changed by a user edit (as opposed to a change made
+ by a script), and the <a href=#code-unit-length>code-unit length</a> of the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is greater than the element's <a href=#maximum-allowed-value-length>maximum allowed value
+ length</a>, then the element is <a href=#suffering-from-being-too-long>suffering from being too long</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may prevent the user from causing the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> to be set to a value whose <a href=#code-unit-length>code-unit length</a> is
+ greater than the element's <a href=#maximum-allowed-value-length>maximum allowed value length</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In the case of <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements, this is the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, not the <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw
+ value</a>, so the <a href=#textarea-wrapping-transformation>textarea wrapping transformation</a> is applied before the
+ <a href=#maximum-allowed-value-length>maximum allowed value length</a> is checked.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=setting-minimum-input-length-requirements:-the-minlength-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.4 </span>Setting minimum input length requirements: the <code title=attr-fe-minlength><a href=#attr-fe-minlength>minlength</a></code> attribute</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=attr-fe-minlength title=attr-fe-minlength>form control <code title="">minlength</code> attribute</dfn>,
+ controlled by a <var title="">dirty value flag</var>, declares a lower bound on the number of
+ characters a user can input.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-fe-minlength><a href=#attr-fe-minlength>minlength</a></code> attribute does not imply the
+ <code title="">required</code> attribute. If the form control has no <code title=attr-fe-minlength><a href=#attr-fe-minlength>minlength</a></code> attribute, then the value can still be omitted; the
+ <code title=attr-fe-minlength><a href=#attr-fe-minlength>minlength</a></code> attribute only kicks in once the user has entered
+ a value at all. If the empty string is not allowed, then the <code title="">required</code>
+ attribute also needs to be set.</p>
+
+ <p>If an element has its <a href=#attr-fe-minlength title=attr-fe-minlength>form control <code title="">minlength</code> attribute</a> specified, the attribute's value must be a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid
+ non-negative integer</a>. If the attribute is specified and applying the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for
+ parsing non-negative integers</a> to its value results in a number, then that number is the
+ element's <dfn id=minimum-allowed-value-length>minimum allowed value length</dfn>. If the attribute is omitted or parsing its
+ value results in an error, then there is no <a href=#minimum-allowed-value-length>minimum allowed value length</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If an element has both a <a href=#maximum-allowed-value-length>maximum allowed value length</a> and a <a href=#minimum-allowed-value-length>minimum allowed
+ value length</a>, the <a href=#minimum-allowed-value-length>minimum allowed value length</a> must be smaller than or equal
+ to the <a href=#maximum-allowed-value-length>maximum allowed value length</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If an element has a <a href=#minimum-allowed-value-length>minimum allowed value
+ length</a>, its <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is not the empty string, and the
+ <a href=#code-unit-length>code-unit length</a> of the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> is less
+ than the element's <a href=#minimum-allowed-value-length>minimum allowed value length</a>, then the element is <a href=#suffering-from-being-too-short>suffering
+ from being too short</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, there are four text fields. The first is required, and has to be at least 5
+ characters long. The other three are optional, but if the user fills one in, the user has to
+ enter at least 10 characters.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="/events/menu.cgi" method="post"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name of Event: &lt;input required minlength=5 maxlength=50 name=event&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Describe what you would like for breakfast, if anything:
+ &lt;textarea name="breakfast" minlength="10"&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Describe what you would like for lunch, if anything:
+ &lt;textarea name="lunch" minlength="10"&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Describe what you would like for dinner, if anything:
+ &lt;textarea name="dinner" minlength="10"&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=submit value="Submit Request"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=enabling-and-disabling-form-controls:-the-disabled-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.5 </span>Enabling and disabling form controls: the <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-fe-disabled title=attr-fe-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn> content attribute is a
+ <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A form control is <dfn id=concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</dfn> if its <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute is set, or if it is a descendant of a
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-fieldset-disabled><a href=#attr-fieldset-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute
+ is set and is <em>not</em> a descendant of that <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element's first
+ <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element child, if any.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A form control that is <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a> must prevent any <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> events that are <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> on the
+ <a href=#user-interaction-task-source>user interaction task source</a> from being dispatched on the element.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Constraint validation</strong>: If an element is <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>, it is <a href=#barred-from-constraint-validation>barred from constraint
+ validation</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-fe-disabled title=dom-fe-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=form-submission-0><span class=secno>4.10.19.6 </span>Form submission</h5>
+
+ <p><dfn id=attributes-for-form-submission>Attributes for form submission</dfn> can be specified both on <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements
+ and on <a href=#concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit buttons</a> (elements that represent buttons
+ that submit forms, e.g. an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#submit-button-state-(type=submit)" title=attr-input-type-submit>Submit Button</a> state).
+
+ <p>The <a href=#attributes-for-form-submission>attributes for form submission</a> that may be specified on <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ elements are <code title=attr-fs-action><a href=#attr-fs-action>action</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-enctype><a href=#attr-fs-enctype>enctype</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-method><a href=#attr-fs-method>method</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-novalidate><a href=#attr-fs-novalidate>novalidate</a></code>, and <code title=attr-fs-target><a href=#attr-fs-target>target</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The corresponding <a href=#attributes-for-form-submission>attributes for form submission</a> that may be specified on <a href=#concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit buttons</a> are <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>, <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>, and <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>. When omitted, they default to the values given on
+ the corresponding attributes on the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-fs-action title=attr-fs-action><code>action</code></dfn> and <dfn id=attr-fs-formaction title=attr-fs-formaction><code>formaction</code></dfn> content attributes, if specified, must
+ have a value that is a <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-fs-action title=concept-fs-action>action</dfn> of an element is the value of the element's
+ <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code> attribute, if the element is a <a href=#concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit button</a> and has such an attribute, or the value of its
+ <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>'s <code title=attr-fs-action><a href=#attr-fs-action>action</a></code> attribute, if <em>it</em> has
+ one, or else the empty string.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-fs-method title=attr-fs-method><code>method</code></dfn> and <dfn id=attr-fs-formmethod title=attr-fs-formmethod><code>formmethod</code></dfn> content attributes are <a href=#enumerated-attribute title="enumerated attribute">enumerated attributes</a> with the following keywords and
+ states:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The keyword <dfn id=attr-fs-method-get-keyword title=attr-fs-method-GET-keyword><code>get</code></dfn>, mapping to the
+ state <dfn id=attr-fs-method-get title=attr-fs-method-GET>GET</dfn>, indicating the HTTP GET method.</li>
+
+ <li>The keyword <dfn id=attr-fs-method-post-keyword title=attr-fs-method-POST-keyword><code>post</code></dfn>, mapping to the
+ state <dfn id=attr-fs-method-post title=attr-fs-method-POST>POST</dfn>, indicating the HTTP POST method.</li>
+
+ <li>The keyword <dfn id=attr-fs-method-dialog-keyword title=attr-fs-method-dialog-keyword><code>dialog</code></dfn>, mapping to
+ the state <dfn id=attr-fs-method-dialog title=attr-fs-method-dialog>dialog</dfn>, indicating that submitting the
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> is intended to close the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> box in which the form finds
+ itself, if any, and otherwise not submit.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>The <i>invalid value default</i> for these attributes is the <a href=#attr-fs-method-get title=attr-fs-method-GET>GET</a> state. The <i>missing value default</i> for the <code title=attr-fs-method><a href=#attr-fs-method>method</a></code> attribute is also the <a href=#attr-fs-method-get title=attr-fs-method-GET>GET</a> state. (There is no <i>missing value default</i> for the
+ <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code> attribute.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-fs-method title=concept-fs-method>method</dfn> of an element is one of those states. If the
+ element is a <a href=#concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit button</a> and has a <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code> attribute, then the element's <a href=#concept-fs-method title=concept-fs-method>method</a> is that attribute's state; otherwise, it is the <a href=#form-owner>form
+ owner</a>'s <code title=attr-fs-method><a href=#attr-fs-method>method</a></code> attribute's state.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here the <code title=attr-fs-method><a href=#attr-fs-method>method</a></code> attribute is used to explicitly specify
+ the default value, "<code title=attr-fs-method-GET-keyword><a href=#attr-fs-method-get-keyword>get</a></code>", so that the search
+ query is submitted in the URL:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form method="get" action="/search.cgi"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Search terms: &lt;input type=search name=q&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=submit&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>On the other hand, here the <code title=attr-fs-method><a href=#attr-fs-method>method</a></code> attribute is used to
+ specify the value "<code title=attr-fs-method-POST-keyword><a href=#attr-fs-method-post-keyword>post</a></code>", so that the user's
+ message is submitted in the HTTP request's body:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form method="post" action="/post-message.cgi"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Message: &lt;input type=text name=m&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=submit value="Submit message"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> is used with a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code>. The <code title=attr-fs-method><a href=#attr-fs-method>method</a></code> attribute's "<code title=attr-fs-method-dialog-keyword><a href=#attr-fs-method-dialog-keyword>dialog</a></code>" keyword is used to have the dialog
+ automatically close when the form is submitted.</p>
+
+ <pre lang=en-GB>&lt;dialog id="ship"&gt;
+ &lt;form method=dialog&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;A ship has arrived in the harbour.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;button type=submit value="board"&gt;Board the ship&lt;/button&gt;
+ &lt;button type=submit value="call"&gt;Call to the captain&lt;/button&gt;
+ &lt;/form&gt;
+&lt;/dialog&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var ship = document.getElementById('ship');
+ ship.showModal();
+ ship.onclose = function (event) {
+ if (ship.returnValue == 'board') {
+ // ...
+ } else {
+ // ...
+ }
+ };
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-fs-enctype title=attr-fs-enctype><code>enctype</code></dfn> and <dfn id=attr-fs-formenctype title=attr-fs-formenctype><code>formenctype</code></dfn> content attributes are <a href=#enumerated-attribute title="enumerated attribute">enumerated attributes</a> with the following keywords and
+ states:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The "<dfn id=attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded title=attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded><code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code></dfn>" keyword and corresponding state.</li>
+ <li>The "<dfn id=attr-fs-enctype-formdata title=attr-fs-enctype-formdata><code>multipart/form-data</code></dfn>" keyword and corresponding state.</li>
+ <li>The "<dfn id=attr-fs-enctype-text title=attr-fs-enctype-text><code>text/plain</code></dfn>" keyword and corresponding state.</li>
+ </ul><p>The <i>invalid value default</i> for these attributes is the <code title=attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code> state. The <i>missing
+ value default</i> for the <code title=attr-fs-enctype><a href=#attr-fs-enctype>enctype</a></code> attribute is also the <code title=attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code> state. (There is no
+ <i>missing value default</i> for the <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>
+ attribute.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-fs-enctype title=concept-fs-enctype>enctype</dfn> of an element is one of those three states.
+ If the element is a <a href=#concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit button</a> and has a <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code> attribute, then the element's <a href=#concept-fs-enctype title=concept-fs-enctype>enctype</a> is that attribute's state; otherwise, it is the
+ <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>'s <code title=attr-fs-enctype><a href=#attr-fs-enctype>enctype</a></code> attribute's state.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-fs-target title=attr-fs-target><code>target</code></dfn> and <dfn id=attr-fs-formtarget title=attr-fs-formtarget><code>formtarget</code></dfn> content attributes, if specified, must
+ have values that are <a href=#valid-browsing-context-name-or-keyword title="valid browsing context name or keyword">valid browsing context
+ names or keywords</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-fs-target title=concept-fs-target>target</dfn> of an element is the value of the element's
+ <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code> attribute, if the element is a <a href=#concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit button</a> and has such an attribute; or the value of its
+ <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>'s <code title=attr-fs-target><a href=#attr-fs-target>target</a></code> attribute, if <em>it</em> has
+ such an attribute; or, if the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> contains a <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element with a
+ <code title=attr-base-target><a href=#attr-base-target>target</a></code> attribute, then the value of the <code title=attr-base-target><a href=#attr-base-target>target</a></code> attribute of the first such <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code> element; or,
+ if there is no such element, the empty string.</p> <!-- c.f. hyperlink following -->
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-fs-novalidate title=attr-fs-novalidate><code>novalidate</code></dfn> and <dfn id=attr-fs-formnovalidate title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><code>formnovalidate</code></dfn> content attributes are <a href=#boolean-attribute title="boolean attribute">boolean attributes</a>. If present, they indicate that the form is
+ not to be validated during submission.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-fs-novalidate title=concept-fs-novalidate>no-validate state</dfn> of an element is true if the
+ element is a <a href=#concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit button</a> and the element's <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code> attribute is present, or if the element's
+ <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>'s <code title=attr-fs-novalidate><a href=#attr-fs-novalidate>novalidate</a></code> attribute is present,
+ and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This attribute is useful to include "save" buttons on forms that have validation constraints,
+ to allow users to save their progress even though they haven't fully entered the data in the
+ form. The following example shows a simple form that has two required fields. There are three
+ buttons: one to submit the form, which requires both fields to be filled in; one to save the form
+ so that the user can come back and fill it in later; and one to cancel the form altogether.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="editor.cgi" method="post"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Name: &lt;input required name=fn&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Essay: &lt;textarea required name=essay&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=submit name=submit value="Submit essay"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=submit formnovalidate name=save value="Save essay"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=submit formnovalidate name=cancel value="Cancel"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-fs-action title=dom-fs-action><code>action</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name, except that on getting, when the
+ content attribute is missing or its value is the empty string, <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a>
+ must be returned instead. The <dfn id=dom-fs-target title=dom-fs-target><code>target</code></dfn> IDL attribute
+ must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name. The <dfn id=dom-fs-method title=dom-fs-method><code>method</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-fs-enctype title=dom-fs-enctype><code>enctype</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ respective content attributes of the same name, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>. The
+ <dfn id=dom-fs-encoding title=dom-fs-encoding><code>encoding</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the <code title=attr-fs-enctype><a href=#attr-fs-enctype>enctype</a></code> content attribute, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known
+ values</a>. The <dfn id=dom-fs-novalidate title=dom-fs-noValidate><code>noValidate</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-fs-novalidate><a href=#attr-fs-novalidate>novalidate</a></code> content attribute. The
+ <dfn id=dom-fs-formaction title=dom-fs-formAction><code>formAction</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code> content attribute,
+ except that on getting, when the content attribute is missing or its value is the empty string,
+ <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> must be returned instead. The <dfn id=dom-fs-formenctype title=dom-fs-formEnctype><code>formEnctype</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code> content attribute, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only
+ known values</a>. The <dfn id=dom-fs-formmethod title=dom-fs-formMethod><code>formMethod</code></dfn> IDL
+ attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code> content
+ attribute, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>. The <dfn id=dom-fs-formnovalidate title=dom-fs-formNoValidate><code>formNoValidate</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code> content
+ attribute. The <dfn id=dom-fs-formtarget title=dom-fs-formTarget><code>formTarget</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code> content attribute.
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=autofocusing-a-form-control:-the-autofocus-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.6.1 </span>Autofocusing a form control: the <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> attribute</h6>
+
+ <!-- v2: Apply this to contentEditable elements -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-fe-autofocus title=attr-fe-autofocus><code>autofocus</code></dfn> content attribute allows the
+ author to indicate that a control is to be focused as soon as the page is loaded or as soon as the
+ <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> within which it finds itself is shown, allowing the user to just start typing
+ without having to manually focus the main control.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>An element's <dfn id=nearest-ancestor-autofocus-scoping-root-element>nearest ancestor autofocus scoping root element</dfn> is the element itself
+ if the element is a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element, or else is the element's nearest ancestor
+ <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element, if any, or else is the element's <a href=#root-element>root element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>There must not be two elements with the same <a href=#nearest-ancestor-autofocus-scoping-root-element>nearest ancestor autofocus scoping root
+ element</a> that both have the <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> attribute
+ specified.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an element with the <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> attribute specified
+ is <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a document">inserted into a document</a>, user agents
+ should run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">target</var> be the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">target</var> has no <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">target</var>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has no <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level
+ browsing context</a> (e.g. it is a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> with no <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent
+ browsing context</a>), abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">target</var>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> has the
+ <a href=#sandboxed-automatic-features-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed automatic features browsing context flag</a>, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">target</var>'s <a href=#origin>origin</a> is not the <a href=#same-origin title="same
+ origin">same</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the currently
+ focused element in <var title="">target</var>'s <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">target</var>'s <a href=#origin>origin</a> is not the <a href=#same-origin title="same
+ origin">same</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of <var title="">target</var>'s <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the user agent has already reached the last step of this list of steps in response to
+ an element being <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a document">inserted</a> into a
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> whose <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> is the same as <var title="">target</var>'s <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing
+ context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the user has indicated (for example, by starting to type in a form control) that he
+ does not wish focus to be changed, then optionally abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> that runs the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing steps</a> for the element. User
+ agents may also change the scrolling position of the document, or perform some other action that
+ brings the element to the user's attention. The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for this task is the
+ <a href=#user-interaction-task-source>user interaction task source</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This handles the automatic focusing during document load. The <code title=dom-dialog-show><a href=#dom-dialog-show>show()</a></code> and <code title=dom-dialog-showModal><a href=#dom-dialog-showmodal>showModal()</a></code>
+ methods of <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> elements also processes the <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Focusing the control does not imply that the user agent must focus the browser
+ window if it has lost focus.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-fe-autofocus title=dom-fe-autofocus><code>autofocus</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>In the following snippet, the text control would be focused when
+ the document was loaded.</p>
+ <pre>&lt;input maxlength="256" name="q" value="" autofocus&gt;
+&lt;input type="submit" value="Search"&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=input-modalities:-the-inputmode-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.7 </span>Input modalities: the <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code> attribute</h5>
+
+ <!-- v2: Apply this to contentEditable elements -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode title=attr-fe-inputmode><code>inputmode</code></dfn> content attribute is an
+ <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a> that specifies what kind of input mechanism would be most
+ helpful for users entering content into the form control.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents must recognise all the keywords and corresponding states given below, but need not
+ support all of the corresponding states. If a keyword's state is not supported, the user agent
+ must act as if the keyword instead mapped to the given state's fallback state, as defined below.
+ This fallback behaviour is transitive.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For example, if a user agent with a QWERTY keyboard layout does not support text
+ prediction and automatic capitalization, then it could treat the <code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin-prose><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin-prose>latin-prose</a></code> keyword in the same way as the
+ <code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-verbatim><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-verbatim>verbatim</a></code> keyword, following the chain
+ <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin-prose title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin-prose>Latin Prose</a> &srarr; <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin>Latin Text</a> &srarr; <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-verbatim title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-verbatim>Latin Verbatim</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The possible keywords and states for the attributes are listed in the following table. The
+ keywords are listed in the first column. Each maps to the state given in the cell in the second
+ column of that keyword's row, and that state has the fallback state given in the cell in the third
+ column of that row.</p>
+
+ <table class=three-column-nowrap><thead><tr><th> Keyword
+ <th> State
+ <th> Fallback state
+ <th> Description
+
+ <tbody><tr><td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-verbatim title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-verbatim><code>verbatim</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-verbatim title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-verbatim>Latin Verbatim</dfn>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-default title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-default>Default</a>
+ <td> Alphanumeric Latin-script input of non-prose content, e.g. usernames, passwords, product codes.
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin><code>latin</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin>Latin Text</dfn>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-verbatim title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-verbatim>Latin Verbatim</a>
+ <td> Latin-script input in the user's preferred language(s), with some typing aids enabled
+ (e.g. text prediction). Intended for human-to-computer communications, e.g. free-form text
+ search fields.
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin-name title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin-name><code>latin-name</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin-name title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin-name>Latin Name</dfn>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin>Latin Text</a>
+ <td> Latin-script input in the user's preferred language(s), with typing aids intended for
+ entering human names enabled (e.g. text prediction from the user's contact list and automatic
+ capitalisation at every word). Intended for situations such as customer name fields.
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin-prose title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin-prose><code>latin-prose</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin-prose title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin-prose>Latin Prose</dfn>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin>Latin Text</a>
+ <td> Latin-script input in the user's preferred language(s), with aggressive typing aids
+ intended for human-to-human communications enabled (e.g. text prediction and automatic
+ capitalisation at the start of sentences). Intended for situations such as e-mails and instant
+ messaging.
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-full-width-latin title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-full-width-latin><code>full-width-latin</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-full-width-latin title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-full-width-latin>Full-width Latin</dfn>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-latin>Latin Prose</a>
+ <td> Latin-script input in the user's secondary language(s), using full-width characters, with
+ aggressive typing aids intended for human-to-human communications enabled (e.g. text prediction
+ and automatic capitalisation at the start of sentences). Intended for latin text embedded
+ inside CJK text.
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-kana title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-kana><code>kana</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-kana title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-kana>Kana</dfn>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-default title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-default>Default</a>
+ <td> Kana or romaji input, typically hiragana input, using full-width characters, with support
+ for converting to kanji. Intended for Japanese text input.
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-kana-name title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-kana-name><code>kana-name</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-kana-name title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-kana-name>Kana Name</dfn>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-kana title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-kana>Kana</a>
+ <td> Kana or romaji input, typically hiragana input, using full-width characters, with support
+ for converting to kanji, and with typing aids intended for entering human names enabled (e.g.
+ text prediction from the user's contact list). Intended for situations such as customer name
+ fields.
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-katakana title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-katakana><code>katakana</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-katakana title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-katakana>Katakana</dfn>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-kana title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-kana>Kana</a>
+ <td> Katakana input, using full-width characters, with support for converting to kanji.
+ Intended for Japanese text input.
+
+<!-- See comment on https://plus.google.com/u/0/107429617152575897589/posts/WwVmKNjcZ4p
+ <tr>
+ <td> <dfn title="attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-half-width-katakana"><code>half-width-katakana</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn title="attr-fe-inputmode-state-half-width-katakana">Half-width Katakana</dfn>
+ <td> <span title="attr-fe-inputmode-state-katakana">Katakana</span>
+ <td> Katakana input, using half-width characters, with support for converting to kanji.
+ Intended for Japanese text input.
+-->
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-numeric title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-numeric><code>numeric</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-numeric title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-numeric>Numeric</dfn>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-default title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-default>Default</a>
+ <td> Numeric input, including keys for the digits 0 to 9, the user's preferred thousands
+ separator character, and the character for indicating negative numbers. Intended for numeric
+ codes, e.g. credit card numbers. (For numbers, prefer "<code title=attr-input-type-number><a href="#number-state-(type=number)">&lt;input type=number&gt;</a></code>".)
+
+ <tr class=rare><td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-tel title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-tel><code>tel</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-telephone title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-telephone>Telephone</dfn>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-numeric title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-numeric>Numeric</a>
+ <td> Telephone number input, including keys for the digits 0 to 9, the "#" character, and the
+ "*" character. In some locales, this can also include alphabetic mnemonic labels (e.g. in the
+ US, the key labeled "2" is historically also labeled with the letters A, B, and C). <a href=#avoid-inputmode>Rarely necessary</a>; use "<code title=attr-input-type-tel><a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)">&lt;input
+ type=tel&gt;</a></code>" instead.
+
+ <tr class=rare><td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-email title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-email><code>email</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-email title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-email>E-mail</dfn>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-default title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-default>Default</a>
+ <td> Text input in the user's locale, with keys for aiding in the input of e-mail addresses,
+ such as that for the "@" character and the "." character. <a href=#avoid-inputmode>Rarely
+ necessary</a>; use "<code title=attr-input-type-email><a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)">&lt;input type=email&gt;</a></code>" instead.
+
+ <tr class=rare><td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-url title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-url><code>url</code></dfn>
+ <td> <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-url title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-url>URL</dfn>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-default title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-default>Default</a>
+ <td> Text input in the user's locale, with keys for aiding in the input of Web addresses, such
+ as that for the "/" and "." characters and for quick input of strings commonly found in domain
+ names such as "www." or ".co.uk". <a href=#avoid-inputmode>Rarely necessary</a>; use "<code title=attr-input-type-url><a href="#url-state-(type=url)">&lt;input type=url&gt;</a></code>" instead.
+
+ </table><p id=avoid-inputmode>The last three keywords listed above are only provided for completeness,
+ and are rarely necessary, as dedicated input controls exist for their usual use cases (as
+ described in the table above).</p>
+
+ <p>User agents <span class=impl>must</span> all support the <dfn id=attr-fe-inputmode-state-default title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-default>Default</dfn> input mode state, which corresponds to the
+ user agent's default input modality. <span class=impl>This specification does not define how the
+ user agent's default modality is to operate.</span> The <i>missing value default</i> is the <a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-state-default title=attr-fe-inputmode-state-default>default input mode</a> state.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents should use the input modality corresponding to the state of the <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code> attribute when exposing a user interface for editing
+ the value of a form control to which the attribute <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a>. An input modality corresponding to a state is one
+ designed to fit the description of the state in the table above. This value can change
+ dynamically; user agents should update their interface as the attribute changes state, unless that
+ would go against the user's wishes.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=autofill><span class=secno>4.10.19.8 </span>Autofill</h5>
+
+ <h6 id=autofilling-form-controls:-the-autocomplete-attribute><span class=secno>4.10.19.8.1 </span>Autofilling form controls: the <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attribute</h6>
+
+ <p>User agents sometimes have features for helping users fill forms in, for example prefilling the
+ user's address based on earlier user input. The <dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete title=attr-fe-autocomplete><code>autocomplete</code></dfn> content attribute can be used to hint
+ to the user agent how to, or indeed whether to, provide such a feature.</p>
+
+ <p>The attribute, if present, must have a value that is a <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>set of space-separated
+ tokens</a> consisting of either a single token that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a>
+ match for the string "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>", or a single token that
+ is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-on><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-on>on</a></code>", or the following, in the order given below:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Optionally, a token whose first eight characters are an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a>
+ match for the string "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-section>section-</code>", meaning that
+ the field belongs to the named group.</p>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>For example, if there are two shipping addresses in the form, then they could be marked up
+ as:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt;Ship the blue gift to...&lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; &lt;label&gt; Address: &lt;input name=ba autocomplete="section-blue shipping street-address"&gt; &lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; &lt;label&gt; City: &lt;input name=bc autocomplete="section-blue shipping region"&gt; &lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; &lt;label&gt; Postal Code: &lt;input name=bp autocomplete="section-blue shipping postal-code"&gt; &lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;
+&lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt;Ship the red gift to...&lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; &lt;label&gt; Address: &lt;input name=ra autocomplete="section-red shipping street-address"&gt; &lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; &lt;label&gt; City: &lt;input name=rc autocomplete="section-red shipping region"&gt; &lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; &lt;label&gt; Postal Code: &lt;input name=rp autocomplete="section-red shipping country"&gt; &lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Optionally, a token that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for one of the
+ following strings:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-shipping title=attr-fe-autocomplete-shipping><code>shipping</code></dfn>", meaning the field
+ is part of the shipping address or contact information
+
+ <li>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-billing title=attr-fe-autocomplete-billing><code>billing</code></dfn>", meaning the field
+ is part of the billing address or contact information
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Either of the following two options:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>
+
+ <p>A token that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for one of the following
+ <a href=#autofill-field>autofill field</a> names, excluding those that are <a href=#inappropriate-for-the-control>inappropriate for the
+ control</a>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-name>name</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-honorific-prefix><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-honorific-prefix>honorific-prefix</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-given-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-given-name>given-name</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-additional-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-additional-name>additional-name</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-family-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-family-name>family-name</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-honorific-suffix><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-honorific-suffix>honorific-suffix</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-nickname><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-nickname>nickname</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-username><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-username>username</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-new-password><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-new-password>new-password</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-current-password><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-current-password>current-password</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-organization-title><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-organization-title>organization-title</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-organization><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-organization>organization</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-street-address><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-street-address>street-address</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line1><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line1>address-line1</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line2><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line2>address-line2</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line3><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line3>address-line3</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-locality><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-locality>locality</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-region><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-region>region</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-country><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-country>country</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-country-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-country-name>country-name</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-postal-code><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-postal-code>postal-code</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-name>cc-name</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-given-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-given-name>cc-given-name</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-additional-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-additional-name>cc-additional-name</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-family-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-family-name>cc-family-name</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-number><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-number>cc-number</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp>cc-exp</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-month><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-month>cc-exp-month</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-year><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-year>cc-exp-year</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-csc><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-csc>cc-csc</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-type><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-type>cc-type</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-language><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-language>language</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-bday>bday</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-day><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-day>bday-day</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-month><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-month>bday-month</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-year><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-year>bday-year</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-sex><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-sex>sex</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-url><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-url>url</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-photo><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-photo>photo</a></code>"
+ </ul><p>(See the table below for descriptions of these values.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The following, in the given order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Optionally, a token that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for one of the
+ following strings:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-home title=attr-fe-autocomplete-home><code>home</code></dfn>", meaning the field is
+ for contacting someone at their residence
+
+ <li>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-work title=attr-fe-autocomplete-work><code>work</code></dfn>", meaning the field is
+ for contacting someone at their workplace
+
+ <li>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-mobile title=attr-fe-autocomplete-mobile><code>mobile</code></dfn>"<!-- or "cell"?
+ -->, meaning the field is for contacting someone regardless of location
+
+ <li>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-fax title=attr-fe-autocomplete-fax><code>fax</code></dfn>", meaning the field
+ describes a fax machine's contact details
+
+ <li>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-pager title=attr-fe-autocomplete-pager><code>pager</code></dfn>", meaning the field
+ describes a pager's or beeper's contact details
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>A token that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for one of the following
+ <a href=#autofill-field>autofill field</a> names, excluding those that are <a href=#inappropriate-for-the-control>inappropriate for the
+ control</a>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel>tel</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-country-code><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-country-code>tel-country-code</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-national><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-national>tel-national</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-area-code><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-area-code>tel-area-code</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local>tel-local</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local-prefix><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local-prefix>tel-local-prefix</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local-suffix><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local-suffix>tel-local-suffix</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-extension><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-extension>tel-extension</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-email><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-email>email</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-impp><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-impp>impp</a></code>"
+ </ul><p>(See the table below for descriptions of these values.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ </ol><p>The "<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-off title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><code>off</code></dfn>" keyword indicates either
+ that the control's input data is particularly sensitive (for example the activation code for a
+ nuclear weapon); or that it is a value that will never be reused (for example a one-time-key for a
+ bank login) and the user will therefore have to explicitly enter the data each time, instead of
+ being able to rely on the UA to prefill the value for him; or that the document provides its own
+ autocomplete mechanism and does not want the user agent to provide autocompletion values.</p>
+
+ <p>The "<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-on title=attr-fe-autocomplete-on><code>on</code></dfn>" keyword indicates that the
+ user agent is allowed to provide the user with autocompletion values, but does not provide any
+ further information about what kind of data the user might be expected to enter. User agents would
+ have to use heuristics to decide what autocompletion values to suggest.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=autofill-field title="autofill field">autofill fields</dfn> names listed above indicate that the user
+ agent is allowed to provide the user with autocompletion values, and specifies what kind of value
+ is expected. The keywords relate to each other as described in the table below. Each field name
+ listed on a row of this table corresponds to the meaning given in the cell for that row in the
+ column labeled "Meaning". Some fields correspond to subparts of other fields; for example, a
+ credit card expiry date can be expressed as one field giving both the month and year of expiry
+ ("<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp>cc-exp</a></code>"), or as two fields, one giving the
+ month ("<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-month><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-month>cc-exp-month</a></code>") and one the year
+ ("<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-year><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-year>cc-exp-year</a></code>"). In such cases, the names of
+ the broader fields cover multiple rows, in which the narrower fields are defined.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Generally, authors are encouraged to use the broader fields rather than the
+ narrower fields, as the narrower fields tend to expose Western biases. For example, while it is
+ common in some Western cultures to have a given name and a family name, in that order (and thus
+ often referred to as a <i>first name</i> and a <i>surname</i>), many cultures put the family name
+ first and the given name second, and many others simply have one name (a <i>mononym</i>). Having a
+ single field is therefore more flexible.</p>
+
+ <p>Some fields are only appropriate for certain form controls. An <a href=#autofill-field>autofill field</a> name
+ is <dfn id=inappropriate-for-the-control title="inappropriate for the control">inappropriate for a control</dfn> if the control
+ does not belong to the group listed for that <a href=#autofill-field>autofill field</a> in the fifth column of
+ the first row describing that <a href=#autofill-field>autofill field</a> in the table below. What controls fall
+ into each group is described below the table.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th colspan=4> Field name
+ <th> Meaning
+ <th> Canonical Format
+ <th> Canonical Format Example
+ <th> Control group
+ <tbody><tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-name title=attr-fe-autocomplete-name><code>name</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Full name
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td rowspan=5 class=non-rectangular-cell-indentation>
+ <td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-honorific-prefix title=attr-fe-autocomplete-honorific-prefix><code>honorific-prefix</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Prefix or title (e.g. "Mr.", "Ms.", "Dr.", "<span lang=fr title="">M<sup>lle</sup></span>")
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>Sir
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-given-name title=attr-fe-autocomplete-given-name><code>given-name</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Given name (in some Western cultures, also known as the <i>first name</i>)
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>Timothy
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-additional-name title=attr-fe-autocomplete-additional-name><code>additional-name</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Additional names (in some Western cultures, also known as <i>middle names</i>, forenames other than the first name)
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>John
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-family-name title=attr-fe-autocomplete-family-name><code>family-name</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Family name (in some Western cultures, also known as the <i>last name</i> or <i>surname</i>)
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>Berners-Lee
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-honorific-suffix title=attr-fe-autocomplete-honorific-suffix><code>honorific-suffix</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Suffix (e.g. "Jr.", "B.Sc.", "MBASW", "II")
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-nickname title=attr-fe-autocomplete-nickname><code>nickname</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Nickname, screen name, handle: a typically short name used instead of the full name
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>Tim
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-organization-title title=attr-fe-autocomplete-organization-title><code>organization-title</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Job title (e.g. "Software Engineer", "Senior Vice President", "Deputy Managing Director")
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>Professor
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-username title=attr-fe-autocomplete-username><code>username</code></dfn>"
+ <td>A username
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>timbl
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-new-password title=attr-fe-autocomplete-new-password><code>new-password</code></dfn>"
+ <td>A new password (e.g. when creating an account or changing a password)
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>GUMFXbadyrS3
+ <td><a href=#control-group-password title="Control Group Password">Password</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-current-password title=attr-fe-autocomplete-current-password><code>current-password</code></dfn>"
+ <td>The current password for the account identified by the <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-username><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-username>username</a></code> field (e.g. when logging in)
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>qwerty <!-- http://splashdata.com/press/worstpasswords2013.htm -->
+ <td><a href=#control-group-password title="Control Group Password">Password</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-organization title=attr-fe-autocomplete-organization><code>organization</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Company name corresponding to the person, address, or contact information in the other fields associated with this field
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>World Wide Web Consortium
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-street-address title=attr-fe-autocomplete-street-address><code>street-address</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Street address (multiple lines, newlines preserved)
+ <td>Free-form text
+ <td>32 Vassar Street<br>
+MIT Room 32-G524
+ <td><a href=#control-group-multiline title="Control Group Multiline">Multiline</a>
+ <tr><td rowspan=3 class=non-rectangular-cell-indentation>
+ <td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line1 title=attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line1><code>address-line1</code></dfn>"
+ <td rowspan=3>Street address (one line per field)
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>32 Vassar Street
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line2 title=attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line2><code>address-line2</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>MIT Room 32-G524
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line3 title=attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line3><code>address-line3</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-locality title=attr-fe-autocomplete-locality><code>locality</code></dfn>"
+ <td>City, town, village, post town, or other locality within which the relevant street address is found
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>Cambridge
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-region title=attr-fe-autocomplete-region><code>region</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Province such as a state, county, or canton within which the locality is found
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>MA
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-country title=attr-fe-autocomplete-country><code>country</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Country code
+ <td>Valid <a href=http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists/country_names_and_code_elements.htm>ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 country code</a> <a href=#refsISO3166>[ISO3166]</a>
+ <td>US
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-country-name title=attr-fe-autocomplete-country-name><code>country-name</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Country name
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines; <a href=#autofill-country>derived from <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-country>country</code> in some cases</a>
+ <td>US
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-postal-code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-postal-code><code>postal-code</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Postal code, post code, ZIP code, CEDEX code (if CEDEX, append "CEDEX", and the <i lang=fr>arrondissement</i> if relevant, to the <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-locality><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-locality>locality</a></code> field)
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>02139
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-name title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-name><code>cc-name</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Full name as given on the payment instrument
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>Tim Berners-Lee
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td rowspan=3 class=non-rectangular-cell-indentation>
+ <td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-given-name title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-given-name><code>cc-given-name</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Given name as given on the payment instrument (in some Western cultures, also known as the <i>first name</i>)
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>Tim
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-additional-name title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-additional-name><code>cc-additional-name</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Additional names given on the payment instrument (in some Western cultures, also known as <i>middle names</i>, forenames other than the first name)
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-family-name title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-family-name><code>cc-family-name</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Family name given on the payment instrument (in some Western cultures, also known as the <i>last name</i> or <i>surname</i>)
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>Berners-Lee
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-number title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-number><code>cc-number</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Code identifying the payment instrument (e.g. the credit card number, bank account number)
+ <td><a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>
+ <td>4114360123456785 <!-- http://www.auricsystems.com/support-center/sample-credit-card-numbers -->
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp><code>cc-exp</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Expiration date of the payment instrument
+ <td><a href=#valid-month-string>Valid month string</a>
+ <td>2014-12
+ <td><a href=#control-group-month title="Control Group Month">Month</a>
+ <tr><td rowspan=2 class=non-rectangular-cell-indentation>
+ <td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-month title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-month><code>cc-exp-month</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Month component of the expiration date of the payment instrument
+ <td><a href=#valid-integer>Valid integer</a> in the range 1..12
+ <td>12
+ <td><a href=#control-group-numeric title="Control Group Numeric">Numeric</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-year title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-year><code>cc-exp-year</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Year component of the expiration date of the payment instrument
+ <td><a href=#valid-integer>Valid integer</a> greater than zero
+ <td>2014
+ <td><a href=#control-group-numeric title="Control Group Numeric">Numeric</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-csc title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-csc><code>cc-csc</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Security code for the payment instrument (also known as the card security code (CSC), card validation code (CVC), card verification value (CVV), signature panel code (SPC), credit card ID (CCID), etc)
+ <td><a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>
+ <td>419
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-type title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-type><code>cc-type</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Type of payment instrument
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>Visa
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-language title=attr-fe-autocomplete-language><code>language</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Preferred language
+ <td>Valid BCP 47 language tag <a href=#refsBCP47>[BCP47]</a>
+ <td>en
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday title=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday><code>bday</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Birthday
+ <td><a href=#valid-date-string>Valid date string</a>
+ <td>1955-06-08
+ <td><a href=#control-group-date title="Control Group Date">Date</a>
+ <tr><td rowspan=3 class=non-rectangular-cell-indentation>
+ <td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-day title=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-day><code>bday-day</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Day component of birthday
+ <td><a href=#valid-integer>Valid integer</a> in the range 1..31
+ <td>8
+ <td><a href=#control-group-numeric title="Control Group Numeric">Numeric</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-month title=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-month><code>bday-month</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Month component of birthday
+ <td><a href=#valid-integer>Valid integer</a> in the range 1..12
+ <td>6
+ <td><a href=#control-group-numeric title="Control Group Numeric">Numeric</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-year title=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-year><code>bday-year</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Year component of birthday
+ <td><a href=#valid-integer>Valid integer</a> greater than zero
+ <td>1955
+ <td><a href=#control-group-numeric title="Control Group Numeric">Numeric</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-sex title=attr-fe-autocomplete-sex><code>sex</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Gender identity (e.g. Female, Fa'afafine)
+ <td>Free-form text, no newlines
+ <td>Male
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-url title=attr-fe-autocomplete-url><code>url</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Home page or other Web page corresponding to the company, person, address, or contact information in the other fields associated with this field
+ <td><a href=#valid-url>Valid URL</a>
+ <td>http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/
+ <td><a href=#control-group-url title="Control Group URL">URL</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-photo title=attr-fe-autocomplete-photo><code>photo</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Photograph, icon, or other image corresponding to the company, person, address, or contact information in the other fields associated with this field
+ <td><!--File or--> <a href=#valid-url>Valid URL</a>
+ <td>http://www.w3.org/Press/Stock/Berners-Lee/2001-europaeum-eighth.jpg
+ <td><!--<span title="Control Group File">File</span>--> <a href=#control-group-url title="Control Group URL">URL</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel><code>tel</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Full telephone number, including country code
+ <td><a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a> and U+0020 SPACE characters, prefixed by a U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+)
+ <td>+1 617 253 5702
+ <td><a href=#control-group-tel title="Control Group Tel">Tel</a>
+ <tr><td rowspan=6 class=non-rectangular-cell-indentation>
+ <td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-country-code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-country-code><code>tel-country-code</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Country code component of the telephone number
+ <td><a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a> prefixed by a U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+)
+ <td>+1
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=3>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-national title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-national><code>tel-national</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Telephone number without the county code component, with a country-internal prefix applied if applicable
+ <td><a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a> and U+0020 SPACE characters
+ <td>617 253 5702
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td rowspan=4 class=non-rectangular-cell-indentation>
+ <td colspan=2>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-area-code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-area-code><code>tel-area-code</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Area code component of the telephone number, with a country-internal prefix applied if applicable
+ <td><a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>
+ <td>617
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=2>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local><code>tel-local</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Telephone number without the country code and area code components
+ <td><a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>
+ <td>2535702
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td rowspan=2 class=non-rectangular-cell-indentation>
+ <td>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local-prefix title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local-prefix><code>tel-local-prefix</code></dfn>"
+ <td>First part of the component of the telephone number that follows the area code, when that component is split into two components
+ <td><a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>
+ <td>253
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local-suffix title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local-suffix><code>tel-local-suffix</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Second part of the component of the telephone number that follows the area code, when that component is split into two components
+ <td><a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>
+ <td>5702
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-extension title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-extension><code>tel-extension</code></dfn>"
+ <td>Telephone number internal extension code
+ <td><a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>
+ <td>1000
+ <td><a href=#control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-email title=attr-fe-autocomplete-email><code>email</code></dfn>"
+ <td>E-mail address
+ <td><a href=#valid-e-mail-address>Valid e-mail address</a>
+ <td>timbl@w3.org
+ <td><a href=#control-group-e-mail title="Control Group E-mail">E-mail</a>
+ <tr><td colspan=4>"<dfn id=attr-fe-autocomplete-impp title=attr-fe-autocomplete-impp><code>impp</code></dfn>"
+ <td>URL representing an instant messaging protocol endpoint (for example, "<code title="">aim:goim?screenname=example</code>" or "<code title="">xmpp:fred@example.net</code>")
+ <td><a href=#valid-url>Valid URL</a>
+ <td>irc://example.org/timbl,isuser
+ <td><a href=#control-group-url title="Control Group URL">URL</a>
+ </table><p>The groups correspond to controls as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=control-group-text title="Control Group Text">Text</dfn>
+
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements
+
+ <dt><dfn id=control-group-multiline title="Control Group Multiline">Multiline</dfn>
+
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements
+
+ <dt><dfn id=control-group-password title="Control Group Password">Password</dfn>
+
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#password-state-(type=password)" title=attr-input-type-password>Password</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements
+
+ <dt><dfn id=control-group-url title="Control Group URL">URL</dfn>
+
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements
+
+ <dt><dfn id=control-group-e-mail title="Control Group E-mail">E-mail</dfn>
+
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements
+
+ <dt><dfn id=control-group-tel title="Control Group Tel">Tel</dfn>
+
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements
+
+ <dt><dfn id=control-group-numeric title="Control Group Numeric">Numeric</dfn>
+
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements
+
+ <dt><dfn id=control-group-month title="Control Group Month">Month</dfn>
+
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#month-state-(type=month)" title=attr-input-type-month>Month</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements
+
+ <dt><dfn id=control-group-date title="Control Group Date">Date</dfn>
+
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#date-state-(type=date)" title=attr-input-type-date>Date</a> state
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements
+
+<!--
+ <dt><dfn title="Control Group File">File</dfn>
+
+ <dd><code>input</code> elements whose <code title="attr-input-type">type</code> attribute is in the <span title="attr-input-type-text">Text</span> state
+ <dd><code>input</code> elements whose <code title="attr-input-type">type</code> attribute is in the <span title="attr-input-type-search">Search</span> state
+ <dd><code>input</code> elements whose <code title="attr-input-type">type</code> attribute is in the <span title="attr-input-type-url">URL</span> state
+ <dd><code>input</code> elements whose <code title="attr-input-type">type</code> attribute is in the <span title="attr-input-type-file">File</span> state
+ <dd><code>textarea</code> elements
+ <dd><code>select</code> elements
+-->
+
+ </dl><hr><p>If the <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attribute is omitted, the default
+ value corresponding to the state of the element's <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>'s <code title=attr-form-autocomplete><a href=#attr-form-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attribute is used instead (either "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-on><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-on>on</a></code>" or "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>"). If there is no <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>, then the
+ value "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-on><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-on>on</a></code>" is used.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h6 id=processing-model-2><span class=secno>4.10.19.8.2 </span>Processing model</h6>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element has an
+ <dfn id=autofill-hint-set>autofill hint set</dfn>, an <dfn id=autofill-scope>autofill scope</dfn>, an <dfn id=autofill-field-name>autofill field name</dfn>, and
+ an <dfn id=idl-exposed-autofill-value>IDL-exposed autofill value</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> specifies the specific kind of data expected in the field,
+ e.g. "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-street-address><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-street-address>street-address</a></code>" or "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp>cc-exp</a></code>".</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#autofill-hint-set>autofill hint set</a> identifies what address or contact information type the user
+ agent is to look at, e.g. "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-shipping><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-shipping>shipping</a></code> <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-fax><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-fax>fax</a></code>" or "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-billing><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-billing>billing</a></code>".</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#autofill-scope>autofill scope</a> identifies the group of fields that are to be filled with the
+ information from the same source, and consists of the <a href=#autofill-hint-set>autofill hint set</a> with, if
+ applicable, the "<code title="">section-*</code>" prefix, e.g. "billing", "<code title="">section-parent shipping</code>", or "<code title="">section-child home
+ shipping</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>These values are defined as the result of running the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element has no <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attribute,
+ then jump to the step labeled <i>default</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">tokens</var> be the result of <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on
+ spaces">splitting the attribute's value on spaces</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">tokens</var> is empty, then jump to the step labeled
+ <i>default</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">index</var> be the index of the last token in <var title="">tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">index</var>th token in <var title="">tokens</var> is not an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for one of the tokens given in the first column of the following
+ table, or if the number of tokens in <var title="">tokens</var> is greater than the maximum
+ number given in the cell in the second column of that token's row, then jump to the step labeled
+ <i>default</i>. Otherwise, let <var title="">field</var> be the string given in the cell of the
+ first column of the matching row, and let <var title="">category</var> be the value of the cell
+ in the third column of that same row.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Token
+ <th>Maximum number of tokens
+ <th>Category
+ <tbody><tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>"
+ <td>1
+ <td>Off
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-on><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-on>on</a></code>"
+ <td>1
+ <td>Automatic
+ <tbody><tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-name>name</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-honorific-prefix><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-honorific-prefix>honorific-prefix</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-given-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-given-name>given-name</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-additional-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-additional-name>additional-name</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-family-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-family-name>family-name</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-honorific-suffix><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-honorific-suffix>honorific-suffix</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-nickname><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-nickname>nickname</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-organization-title><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-organization-title>organization-title</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-username><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-username>username</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-new-password><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-new-password>new-password</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-current-password><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-current-password>current-password</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-organization><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-organization>organization</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-street-address><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-street-address>street-address</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line1><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line1>address-line1</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line2><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line2>address-line2</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line3><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-address-line3>address-line3</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-locality><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-locality>locality</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-region><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-region>region</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-country><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-country>country</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-country-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-country-name>country-name</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-postal-code><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-postal-code>postal-code</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-name>cc-name</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-given-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-given-name>cc-given-name</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-additional-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-additional-name>cc-additional-name</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-family-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-family-name>cc-family-name</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-number><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-number>cc-number</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp>cc-exp</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-month><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-month>cc-exp-month</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-year><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-year>cc-exp-year</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-csc><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-csc>cc-csc</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-type><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-type>cc-type</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-language><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-language>language</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-bday>bday</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-day><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-day>bday-day</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-month><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-month>bday-month</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-year><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-bday-year>bday-year</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-sex><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-sex>sex</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-url><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-url>url</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-photo><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-photo>photo</a></code>"
+ <td>3
+ <td>Normal
+ <tbody><tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel>tel</a></code>"
+ <td>4
+ <td>Contact
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-country-code><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-country-code>tel-country-code</a></code>"
+ <td>4
+ <td>Contact
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-national><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-national>tel-national</a></code>"
+ <td>4
+ <td>Contact
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-area-code><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-area-code>tel-area-code</a></code>"
+ <td>4
+ <td>Contact
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local>tel-local</a></code>"
+ <td>4
+ <td>Contact
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local-prefix><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local-prefix>tel-local-prefix</a></code>"
+ <td>4
+ <td>Contact
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local-suffix><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-local-suffix>tel-local-suffix</a></code>"
+ <td>4
+ <td>Contact
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-extension><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-tel-extension>tel-extension</a></code>"
+ <td>4
+ <td>Contact
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-email><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-email>email</a></code>"
+ <td>4
+ <td>Contact
+ <tr><td>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-impp><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-impp>impp</a></code>"
+ <td>4
+ <td>Contact
+ </table></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">category</var> is Off, let the element's <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a>
+ be the string "<code title="">off</code>", let its <a href=#autofill-hint-set>autofill hint set</a> be empty, and
+ let its <a href=#idl-exposed-autofill-value>IDL-exposed autofill value</a> be the string "<code title="">off</code>". Then,
+ abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">category</var> is Automatic, let the element's <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field
+ name</a> be the string "<code title="">on</code>", let its <a href=#autofill-hint-set>autofill hint set</a> be
+ empty, and let its <a href=#idl-exposed-autofill-value>IDL-exposed autofill value</a> be the string "<code title="">on</code>". Then, abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">scope tokens</var> be an empty list.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">hint tokens</var> be an empty set.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">IDL value</var> have the same value as <var title="">field</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">index</var>th token in <var title="">tokens</var> is the first entry,
+ then skip to the step labeled <i>done</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Decrement <var title="">index</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">category</var> is Contact and the <var title="">index</var>th token in <var title="">tokens</var> is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for one of the strings in
+ the following list, then run the substeps that follow:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-home><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-home>home</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-work><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-work>work</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-mobile><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-mobile>mobile</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-fax><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-fax>fax</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-pager><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-pager>pager</a></code>"
+ </ul><p>The substeps are:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">contact</var> be the matching string from the list above.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Insert <var title="">contact</var> at the start of <var title="">scope
+ tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">contact</var> to <var title="">hint tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">IDL value</var> be the concatenation of <var title="">contact</var>, a
+ U+0020 SPACE character, and the previous value of <var title="">IDL value</var> (which at this
+ point will always be <var title="">field</var>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">index</var>th entry in <var title="">tokens</var> is the first
+ entry, then skip to the step labeled <i>done</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Decrement <var title="">index</var> by one.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">index</var>th token in <var title="">tokens</var> is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for one of the strings in the following list, then run the
+ substeps that follow:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-shipping><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-shipping>shipping</a></code>"
+ <li>"<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-billing><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-billing>billing</a></code>"
+ </ul><p>The substeps are:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">mode</var> be the matching string from the list above.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Insert <var title="">mode</var> at the start of <var title="">scope
+ tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">mode</var> to <var title="">hint tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">IDL value</var> be the concatenation of <var title="">mode</var>, a
+ U+0020 SPACE character, and the previous value of <var title="">IDL value</var> (which at this
+ point will either be <var title="">field</var> or the concatenation of <var title="">contact</var>, a space, and <var title="">field</var>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">index</var>th entry in <var title="">tokens</var> is the first
+ entry, then skip to the step labeled <i>done</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Decrement <var title="">index</var> by one.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">index</var>th entry in <var title="">tokens</var> is not the first
+ entry, then jump to the step labeled <i>default</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the first eight characters of the <var title="">index</var>th token in <var title="">tokens</var> are not an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-section>section-</code>", then jump to the step labeled
+ <i>default</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">section</var> be the <var title="">index</var>th token in <var title="">tokens</var>, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Insert <var title="">section</var> at the start of <var title="">scope
+ tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">IDL value</var> be the concatenation of <var title="">section</var>, a
+ U+0020 SPACE character, and the previous value of <var title="">IDL value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Done</i>: Let the element's <a href=#autofill-hint-set>autofill hint set</a> be <var title="">hint
+ tokens</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let the element's <a href=#autofill-scope>autofill scope</a> be <var title="">scope tokens</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let the element's <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> be <var title="">field</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let the element's <a href=#idl-exposed-autofill-value>IDL-exposed autofill value</a> be <var title="">IDL
+ value</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Default</i>: Let the element's <a href=#idl-exposed-autofill-value>IDL-exposed autofill value</a> be the empty
+ string, and its <a href=#autofill-hint-set>autofill hint set</a> and <a href=#autofill-scope>autofill scope</a> be empty.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">form</var> be the element's <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>, if any, or null
+ otherwise.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">form</var> is not null and <var title="">form</var>'s <code title=attr-form-autocomplete><a href=#attr-form-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-form-autocomplete-off-state title=attr-form-autocomplete-off-state>off</a> state, then let the element's <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill
+ field name</a> be "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>".</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let the element's <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> be "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-on><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-on>on</a></code>".</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>For the purposes of autofill, a <dfn id="control's-data">control's data</dfn> depends on the kind of control:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>An <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with its <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute
+ in the <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a> state and with the <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute specified</dt>
+
+ <dd>The element's <a href=#concept-fe-values title=concept-fe-values>value<em>s</em></a>.</dd>
+
+<!--
+ <dt>An <code>input</code> element with its <code title="attr-input-type">type</code> attribute
+ in the <span title="attr-input-type-range">Range</span> state and with the <code
+ title="attr-input-multiple">multiple</code> attribute specified</dt>
+-->
+ <dt>Any other <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element</dt>
+ <dt>A <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>The element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>A <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element with its <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code>
+ attribute specified</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements in the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> that have their <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element in the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> that has its <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set to true.</dd>
+
+ </dl><hr><p>When an element's <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> is "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>", the user agent should not remember the <a href="#control's-data">control's
+ data</a>, and should not offer past values to the user.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In addition, when an element's <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> is "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>", <a href=#history-autocomplete>values are reset</a>
+ when <a href=#traverse-the-history title="traverse the history">traversing the history</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Banks frequently do not want UAs to prefill login information:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Account: &lt;input type="text" name="ac" autocomplete="off"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;PIN: &lt;input type="password" name="pin" autocomplete="off"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>When an element's <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> is <em>not</em> "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>", the user agent may store the <a href="#control's-data">control's
+ data</a>, and may offer previously stored values to the user.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, suppose a user visits a page with this control:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;select name="country"&gt;
+ &lt;option&gt;Afghanistan
+ &lt;option&gt;Albania
+ &lt;option&gt;Algeria
+ &lt;option&gt;Andorra
+ &lt;option&gt;Angola
+ &lt;option&gt;Antigua and Barbuda
+ &lt;option&gt;Argentina
+ &lt;option&gt;Armenia
+ &lt;!-- <em>...</em> --&gt;
+ &lt;option&gt;Yemen
+ &lt;option&gt;Zambia
+ &lt;option&gt;Zimbabwe
+&lt;/select&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This might render as follows:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/select-country-1.png alt="A drop-down control with a long alphabetical list of countries."></p>
+
+ <p>Suppose that on the first visit to this page, the user selects "Zambia". On the second visit,
+ the user agent could duplicate the entry for Zambia at the top of the list, so that the interface
+ instead looks like this:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/select-country-2.png alt="The same drop-down control with the alphabetical list of countries, but with Zambia as an entry at the top."></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>When the <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> is "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-on><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-on>on</a></code>", the user agent should attempt to use heuristics to
+ determine the most appropriate values to offer the user, e.g. based on the element's <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> value, the position of the element in the document's DOM, what
+ other fields exist in the form, and so forth.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> is one of the names of the <a href=#autofill-field title="autofill
+ field">autofill fields</a> described above, the user agent should provide suggestions that
+ match the meaning of the field name as given in the table earlier in this section. The
+ <a href=#autofill-hint-set>autofill hint set</a> should be used to select amongst multiple possible suggestions.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if a user once entered one address into fields that used the
+ "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-shipping><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-shipping>shipping</a></code>" keyword, and another address into
+ fields that used the "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-billing><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-billing>billing</a></code>" keyword, then in
+ subsequent forms only the first address would be suggested for form controls whose <a href=#autofill-hint-set>autofill
+ hint set</a> contains the keyword "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-shipping><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-shipping>shipping</a></code>". Both addresses might be suggested,
+ however, for address-related form controls whose <a href=#autofill-hint-set>autofill hint set</a> does not contain
+ either keyword.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent <dfn id=concept-fe-autofill title=concept-fe-autofill>autofills form controls</dfn>, elements
+ with the same <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> and the same <a href=#autofill-scope>autofill scope</a> must use data
+ relating to the same person, address, payment instrument, and contact details. <span id=autofill-country title="">When a user agent autofills "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-country><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-country>country</a></code>" and "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-country-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-country-name>country-name</a></code>" fields with the same <a href=#form-owner>form
+ owner</a> and <a href=#autofill-scope>autofill scope</a>, and the user agent has a value for the <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-country><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-country>country</a></code>" field(s), then the "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-country-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-country-name>country-name</a></code>" field(s) must be filled using a
+ human-readable name for the same country.</span> When a user agent fills in multiple fields at
+ once, all fields with the same <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a>, <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> and
+ <a href=#autofill-scope>autofill scope</a> must be filled with the same value.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Suppose a user agent knows of two phone numbers, +1 555 123 1234 and +1 555 666
+ 7777. It would not be conforming for the user agent to fill a field with <code title="">autocomplete="shipping tel-local-prefix"</code> with the value "123" and another field
+ in the same form with <code title="">autocomplete="shipping tel-local-suffix"</code> with the
+ value "7777". The only valid prefilled values given the aforementioned information would be "123"
+ and "1234", or "666" and "7777", respectively.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Similarly, if a form for some reason contained both a "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp>cc-exp</a></code>" field and a "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-month><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-cc-exp-month>cc-exp-month</a></code>" field, and the user agent
+ prefilled the form, then the month component of the former would have to match the latter.</p>
+
+ <p>The autocompletion mechanism must be implemented by the user agent acting as if the user had
+ modified the <a href="#control's-data">control's data</a>, and must be done at a time where the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i> (e.g. just after the element has been inserted into the
+ document, or when the user agent <a href=#stop-parsing title="stop parsing">stops parsing</a>). User agents
+ must only prefill controls using values that the user could have entered.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element only has <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>
+ elements with values "Steve" and "Rebecca", "Jay", and "Bob", and has an <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field
+ name</a> "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-given-name><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-given-name>given-name</a></code>", but the user
+ agent's only idea for what to prefill the field with is "Evan", then the user agent cannot prefill
+ the field. It would not be conforming to somehow set the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element to the value
+ "Evan", since the user could not have done so themselves.</p>
+
+ <p>A user agent prefilling a form control's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> must not
+ cause that control to <a href=#suffering-from-a-type-mismatch title="suffering from a type mismatch">suffer from a type
+ mismatch</a>, <a href=#suffering-from-being-too-long title="suffering from being too long">suffer from being too long</a>,
+ <a href=#suffering-from-being-too-short title="suffering from being too short">suffer from being too short</a>, <a href=#suffering-from-an-underflow title="suffering from an underflow">suffer from an underflow</a>, <a href=#suffering-from-an-overflow title="suffering from
+ an overflow">suffer from an overflow</a>, or <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch title="suffering from a step
+ mismatch">suffer from a step mismatch</a>. Except when <a href=#concept-fe-autofill title=concept-fe-autofill>autofilling</a> for <code title=dom-form-requestAutocomplete><a href=#dom-form-requestautocomplete>requestAutocomplete()</a></code>, a user agent prefilling a form
+ control's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> must not cause that control to <a href=#suffering-from-a-pattern-mismatch title="suffering from a pattern mismatch">suffer from a pattern mismatch</a> either. Where possible given the control's constraints, user
+ agents must use the format given as canonical in the aforementioned table. Where it's not possible
+ for the canonical format to be used, user agents should use heuristics to attempt to convert
+ values so that they can be used.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, if the user agent knows that the user's middle name is "Ines", and attempts to
+ prefill a form control that looks like this:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input name=middle-initial maxlength=1 autocomplete="additional-name"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>...then the user agent could convert "Ines" to "I" and prefill it that way.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>A more elaborate example would be with month values. If the user agent knows that the user's
+ birthday is the 27th of July 2012, then it might try to prefill all of the following controls
+ with slightly different values, all driven from this information:</p>
+
+ <table><tr><td>
+ <pre>&lt;input name=b type=month autocomplete="bday"&gt;</pre>
+ <td>
+ 2012-07
+ <td>
+ The day is dropped since the <a href="#month-state-(type=month)" title=attr-input-type-month>Month</a> state only accepts a
+ month/year combination.
+ <tr><td>
+ <pre>&lt;select name=c autocomplete="bday"&gt;
+ &lt;option&gt;Jan
+ &lt;option&gt;Feb
+ <em>...</em>
+ &lt;option&gt;Jul
+ &lt;option&gt;Aug
+ <em>...</em>
+&lt;/select&gt;</pre>
+ <td>
+ July
+ <td>
+ The user agent picks the month from the listed options, either by noticing there are twelve
+ options and picking the 7th, or by recognising that one of the strings (three characters "Jul"
+ followed by a newline and a space) is a close match for the name of the month (July) in one of
+ the user agent's supported languages, or through some other similar mechanism.
+ <tr><td>
+ <pre>&lt;input name=a type=number min=1 max=12 autocomplete="bday-month"&gt;</pre>
+ <td>
+ 7
+ <td>
+ User agent converts "July" to a month number in the range 1..12, like the field.
+ <tr><td>
+ <pre>&lt;input name=a type=number min=0 max=11 autocomplete="bday-month"&gt;</pre>
+ <td>
+ 6
+ <td>
+ User agent converts "July" to a month number in the range 0..11, like the field.
+ <tr><td>
+ <pre>&lt;input name=a type=number min=1 max=11 autocomplete="bday-month"&gt;</pre>
+ <td>
+ <td>
+ User agent doesn't fill in the field, since it can't make a good guess as to what the form expects.
+ </table></div>
+
+ <p>A user agent may allow the user to override an element's <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a>, e.g.
+ to change it from "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>" to "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-on><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-on>on</a></code>" to allow values to be remembered and prefilled despite
+ the page author's objections, or to always "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>",
+ never remembering values. However, user agents should not allow users to trivially override the
+ <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> from "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>" to
+ "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-on><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-on>on</a></code>" or other values, as there are significant
+ security implications for the user if all values are always remembered, regardless of the site's
+ preferences.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-fe-autocomplete title=dom-fe-autocomplete><code>autocomplete</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting,
+ must return the element's <a href=#idl-exposed-autofill-value>IDL-exposed autofill value</a>, and on setting, must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h6 id=user-interface-for-bulk-autofill><span class=secno>4.10.19.8.3 </span>User interface for bulk autofill</h6>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-form-requestautocomplete title=dom-form-requestAutocomplete><code>requestAutocomplete()</code></dfn>
+ method on a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element is invoked, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">form</var> be the element on which the method was invoked.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If any of the following conditions are met, then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fail-the-autofill-request>fail the
+ autofill request</a> on <var title="">form</var> with the reason "<code title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-disabled><a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorreason-disabled>disabled</a></code>", and abort these steps:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>the algorithm is not <a href=#allowed-to-show-a-popup>allowed to show a popup</a></li>
+
+ <li><p><var title="">form</var> is not <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a></li>
+
+ <li><p><var title="">form</var>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not <a href=#fully-active>fully
+ active</a></li>
+
+ <li><p><var title="">form</var>'s <code title=attr-form-autocomplete><a href=#attr-form-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>
+ attribute is in the <a href=#attr-form-autocomplete-off-state title=attr-form-autocomplete-off-state>off</a> state</li>
+
+ <li><p>the user has disabled this feature for this <var title="">form</var>'s
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#origin>origin</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>the user agent does not support this <var title="">form</var>'s fields</li>
+
+ <li><p>the <var title="">form</var> was obtained via unencrypted channels and the user agent
+ does not support autofill in such situations</li>
+
+ <li><p>another instance of this algorithm is already being run for <var title="">form</var></li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>User agents are encouraged to log the precise cause in a developer console, to
+ aid debugging.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">pending autofills</var> be an initially empty list of <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable elements</a>, each annotated with a string known as the
+ <i>original autocomplete value</i>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each element that matches the following criteria, add the element to <var title="">pending autofills</var>, with the <i>original autocomplete value</i> annotation being
+ the value of the element's <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>
+ attribute:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>the element's <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> is <var title="">form</var></li>
+
+ <li><p>the element is <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i></li>
+
+ <li><p>the element is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element to which the <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attribute currently <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a>, or, the element is a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ element, or, the element is a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element</li>
+
+ <li><p>the element's <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> is neither "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>" nor "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-on><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-on>on</a></code>"</li>
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return, but continue running these steps asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Provide an interface for the user to efficiently fill in some or all of the fields listed
+ in <var title="">pending autofills</var>. Await the user's input.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If any of the following conditions are met, then <a href=#fail-the-autofill-request>fail the autofill request</a> on
+ <var title="">form</var> with the reason "<code title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-disabled><a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorreason-disabled>disabled</a></code>", and abort these steps:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p><var title="">form</var> is no longer <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a></li>
+
+ <li><p><var title="">form</var>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is no longer <a href=#fully-active>fully
+ active</a></li>
+
+ <li><p><var title="">form</var>'s <code title=attr-form-autocomplete><a href=#attr-form-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>
+ attribute is now in the <a href=#attr-form-autocomplete-off-state title=attr-form-autocomplete-off-state>off</a>
+ state</li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>Again, user agents are encouraged to log the precise cause in a developer
+ console, to aid debugging.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the user canceled the operation, <a href=#fail-the-autofill-request>fail the autofill request</a> on <var title="">form</var> with the reason "<code title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-cancel><a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorreason-cancel>cancel</a></code>", and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each element in <var title="">pending autofills</var>, run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the element in question.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">old autocomplete value</var> be the <i>original autocomplete
+ value</i> annotation associated with <var title="">candidate</var> in <var title="">pending
+ autofills</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If all of the following conditions are met, then <a href=#concept-fe-autofill title=concept-fe-autofill>autofill</a> <var title="">candidate</var>:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p><var title="">candidate</var>'s <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> is <var title="">form</var></li>
+
+ <li><p><var title="">candidate</var> is still <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i></li>
+
+ <li><p><var title="">candidate</var> is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element to which the <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attribute still <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a>, or, <var title="">candidate</var> is a
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element, or, <var title="">candidate</var> is a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>
+ element</li>
+
+ <li><p><var title="">candidate</var>'s <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> is still equal to
+ <var title="">old autocomplete value</var></li>
+
+ <li><p>the user provided a value to autofill <var title="">candidate</var></li>
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#statically-validate-the-constraints>Statically validate the constraints</a> of <var title="">form</var>. If the
+ result was negative, then <a href=#fail-the-autofill-request>fail the autofill request</a> on <var title="">form</var>
+ with the reason "<code title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-invalid><a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorreason-invalid>invalid</a></code>", and abort
+ these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note><a href=#statically-validate-the-constraints title="statically validate the constraints">Statically validating the
+ constraints</a> of a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> involves firing <code title=event-invalid><a href=#event-invalid>invalid</a></code> events to each control that does not <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfy its contraints</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-autocomplete><a href=#event-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> at <var title="">form</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=fail-the-autofill-request>fail the autofill request</dfn> on a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ element <var title="">target</var> with a reason <var title="">reason</var>, the user agent must
+ dispatch an event that uses the <code><a href=#autocompleteerrorevent>AutocompleteErrorEvent</a></code> interface, with the event type
+ <code title="">autocompleteerror</code>, which bubbles, is not cancelable, has no default action,
+ has its <code title=dom-AutocompleteErrorEvent-reason><a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorevent-reason>reason</a></code> attribute set to <var title="">reason</var>, and which is <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a>, at <var title="">target</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> mentioned in this
+ section is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-autocompleteerrorevent-interface><span class=secno>4.10.19.8.4 </span>The <code><a href=#autocompleteerrorevent>AutocompleteErrorEvent</a></code> interface</h6>
+
+ <pre class=idl>enum <dfn id=autocompleteerrorreason>AutocompleteErrorReason</dfn> { "" /* <a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorreason-none title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-none>empty string</a> */, "<a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorreason-cancel title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-cancel>cancel</a>", "<a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorreason-disabled title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-disabled>disabled</a>", "<a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorreason-invalid title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-invalid>invalid</a>" };
+
+[Constructor(DOMString type, optional <a href=#autocompleteerroreventinit>AutocompleteErrorEventInit</a> eventInitDict)]
+interface <dfn id=autocompleteerrorevent>AutocompleteErrorEvent</dfn> : <a href=#event>Event</a> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#autocompleteerrorreason>AutocompleteErrorReason</a> <a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorevent-reason title=dom-AutocompleteErrorEvent-reason>reason</a>;
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=autocompleteerroreventinit>AutocompleteErrorEventInit</dfn> : <a href=#eventinit>EventInit</a> {
+ <a href=#autocompleteerrorreason>AutocompleteErrorReason</a> reason;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-AutocompleteErrorEvent-reason><a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorevent-reason>reason</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>For the <code title=event-autocompleteerror><a href=#event-autocompleteerror>autocompleteerror</a></code> event, returns the
+ general reason for the failure of the <code title=dom-form-requestAutocomplete><a href=#dom-form-requestautocomplete>requestAutocomplete()</a></code> method, from the list
+ below.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The defined reason codes are:
+
+ <dl><dt>"<dfn id=dom-autocompleteerrorreason-none title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-none><code></code></dfn>" (the empty string)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Reason is unknown.</dd>
+
+ <dt>"<dfn id=dom-autocompleteerrorreason-cancel title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-cancel><code>cancel</code></dfn>"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The user canceled the autofill interface.</dd>
+
+ <dt>"<dfn id=dom-autocompleteerrorreason-disabled title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The autofill interface is disabled for this form.</p>
+
+ <p>There are many reasons why this might be the case; the precise reason is not given, to
+ protect the user's privacy. Amongst these reasons are such factors as:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><p>The page being delivered over an unencrypted connection (susceptible to
+ man-in-the-middle attacks), when the user agent does not want to risk the user's information
+ being provided to an attacker.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The form having a combination of fields for which the user agent does not have a
+ dedicated autofill interface.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The form's <code title=attr-form-autocomplete><a href=#attr-form-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> attribute being in
+ the <a href=#attr-form-autocomplete-off-state title=attr-form-autocomplete-off-state>off</a> state.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The user having disabled the feature.</li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+ <dt>"<dfn id=dom-autocompleteerrorreason-invalid title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-invalid><code>invalid</code></dfn>"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The fields have been prefilled, but at least one of the controls in the form does not
+ <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfy its constraints</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-autocompleteerrorevent-reason title=dom-AutocompleteErrorEvent-reason><code>reason</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be
+ initialised to the <a href=#dom-autocompleteerrorreason-none title=dom-AutocompleteErrorReason-none>empty string</a>. It
+ represents the context information for the event.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <h4 id=textFieldSelection><span class=secno>4.10.20 </span>APIs for the text field selections</h4>
+
+ <!-- v2 idea: DOM Range APIs to expose the textarea/input edited value (ack martijnw) -->
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements define the following members in their
+ DOM interfaces for handling their selection:</p>
+
+ <pre class="idl extract"> void <a href=#dom-textarea/input-select title=dom-textarea/input-select>select</a>();
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart>selectionStart</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd>selectionEnd</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection>selectionDirection</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText>setRangeText</a>(DOMString replacement);
+ void <a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText>setRangeText</a>(DOMString replacement, unsigned long start, unsigned long end, optional <a href=#selectionmode>SelectionMode</a> selectionMode = "preserve");
+ void <a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange>setSelectionRange</a>(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, optional DOMString direction = "preserve");</pre>
+ <!-- v2: also add textLength? it seems to be widely used -->
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText</a></code> method uses the following
+ enumeration:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>enum <dfn id=selectionmode>SelectionMode</dfn> {
+ "<a href=#dom-selectionmode-select title=dom-SelectionMode-select>select</a>",
+ "<a href=#dom-selectionmode-start title=dom-SelectionMode-start>start</a>",
+ "<a href=#dom-selectionmode-end title=dom-SelectionMode-end>end</a>",
+ "<a href=#dom-selectionmode-preserve title=dom-SelectionMode-preserve>preserve</a>", // default
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>These methods and attributes expose and control the selection of <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> text fields.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-textarea/input-select><a href=#dom-textarea/input-select>select</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Selects everything in the text field.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-textarea/input-selecionStart>selectionStart</code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the offset to the start of the selection.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the start of the selection.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-textarea/input-selecionEnd>selectionEnd</code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the offset to the end of the selection.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the end of the selection.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-textarea/input-selecionDirection>selectionDirection</code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current direction of the selection.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the direction of the selection.</p>
+
+ <p>The possible values are "<code title="">forward</code>", "<code title="">backward</code>", and "<code title="">none</code>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange</a></code>(<var title="">start</var>, <var title="">end</var> [, <var title="">direction</var>] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Changes the selection to cover the given substring in the given direction. If the direction
+ is omitted, it will be reset to be the platform default (none or forward).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setrangetext>setRangeText</a></code>(<var title="">replacement</var> [, <var title="">start</var>, <var title="">end</var> [, <var title="">selectionMode</var> ] ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Replaces a range of text with the new text. If the <var title="">start</var> and <var title="">end</var> arguments are not provided, the range is assumed to be the selection.</p>
+
+ <p>The final argument determines how the selection should be set after the text has been
+ replaced. The possible values are:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>"<code title=dom-SelectionMode-select><a href=#dom-selectionmode-select>select</a></code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>Selects the newly inserted text.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>"<code title=dom-SelectionMode-start><a href=#dom-selectionmode-start>start</a></code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>Moves the selection to just before the inserted text.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>"<code title=dom-SelectionMode-end><a href=#dom-selectionmode-end>end</a></code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>Moves the selection to just after the selected text.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>"<code title=dom-SelectionMode-preserve><a href=#dom-selectionmode-preserve>preserve</a></code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>Attempts to preserve the selection. This is the default.</dd>
+
+
+ </dl></dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements, calling these methods while they <a href=#do-not-apply title="do not
+ apply">don't apply</a>, and getting or setting these attributes while they <a href=#do-not-apply title="do not
+ apply">don't apply</a>, must throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception. Otherwise, they
+ must act as described below.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements, these methods and attributes must operate on the element's
+ <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>. For <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements, these methods and
+ attributes must operate on the element's <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw
+ value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Where possible, user interface features for changing the text selection in <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>
+ and <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements must be implemented in terms of the DOM API described in this
+ section, so that, e.g., all the same events fire.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The selections of <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements have a
+ <i>direction</i>, which is either <i>forward</i>, <i>backward</i>, or <i>none</i>. This direction
+ is set when the user manipulates the selection. The exact meaning of the selection direction
+ depends on the platform.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>On Windows, the direction indicates the position of the caret relative to the
+ selection: a <i>forward</i> selection has the caret at the end of the selection and a
+ <i>backward</i> selection has the caret at the start of the selection. Windows has no <i>none</i>
+ direction. On Mac, the direction indicates which end of the selection is affected when the user
+ adjusts the size of the selection using the arrow keys with the Shift modifier: the forward
+ direction means the end of the selection is modified, and the backwards direction means the start
+ of the selection is modified. The none direction is the default on Mac, it indicates that no
+ particular direction has yet been selected. The user sets the direction implicitly when first
+ adjusting the selection, based on which directional arrow key was used.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-textarea/input-select title=dom-textarea/input-select><code>select()</code></dfn> method must cause the
+ contents of the text field to be fully selected, with the selection direction being none, if the
+ platform support selections with the direction <i>none</i>, or otherwise <i>forward</i>. The user
+ agent must then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named
+ <code title=event-select><a href=#event-select>select</a></code> at the element, using the <a href=#user-interaction-task-source>user interaction task
+ source</a> as the task source.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-textarea/input-selectionstart title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><code>selectionStart</code></dfn> attribute
+ must, on getting, return the offset (in logical order) to the character that immediately follows
+ the start of the selection. If there is no selection, then it must return the offset (in logical
+ order) to the character that immediately follows the text entry cursor.</p>
+
+ <p>On setting, it must act as if the <code title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> method had been called,
+ with the new value as the first argument; the current value of the <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code> attribute as the second argument,
+ unless the current value of the <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>
+ is less than the new value, in which case the second argument must also be the new value; and the
+ current value of the <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code>
+ as the third argument.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-textarea/input-selectionend title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><code>selectionEnd</code></dfn> attribute
+ must, on getting, return the offset (in logical order) to the character that immediately follows
+ the end of the selection. If there is no selection, then it must return the offset (in logical
+ order) to the character that immediately follows the text entry cursor.</p>
+
+ <p>On setting, it must act as if the <code title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> method had been called,
+ with the current value of the <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code> attribute as the first argument,
+ the new value as the second argument, and the current value of the <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection>selectionDirection</a></code> as the third argument.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-textarea/input-selectiondirection title=dom-textarea/input-selectionDirection><code>selectionDirection</code></dfn>
+ attribute must, on getting, return the string corresponding to the current selection direction: if
+ the direction is <i>forward</i>, "<code title="">forward</code>"; if the direction is
+ <i>backward</i>, "<code title="">backward</code>"; and otherwise, "<code title="">none</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>On setting, it must act as if the <code title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><a href=#dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange>setSelectionRange()</a></code> method had been called,
+ with the current value of the <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code> attribute as the first argument,
+ the current value of the <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code>
+ attribute as the second argument, and the new value as the third argument.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-textarea/input-setselectionrange title=dom-textarea/input-setSelectionRange><code>setSelectionRange(<var title="">start</var>, <var title="">end</var>, <var title="">direction</var>)</code></dfn> method
+ must set the selection of the text field to the sequence of characters starting with the character
+ at the <var title="">start</var>th position (in logical order) and ending with the character at
+ the <span title="">(<var title="">end</var>-1)</span>th position. Arguments greater than the
+ length of the value of the text field must be treated as pointing at the end of the text field. If
+ <var title="">end</var> is less than or equal to <var title="">start</var> then the start of the
+ selection and the end of the selection must both be placed immediately before the character with
+ offset <var title="">end</var>. In UAs where there is no concept of an empty selection, this must
+ set the cursor to be just before the character with offset <var title="">end</var>. The direction
+ of the selection must be set to <i>backward</i> if <var title="">direction</var> is a
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">backward</code>", <i>forward</i>
+ if <var title="">direction</var> is a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">forward</code>" or if the platform does not support selections with the direction
+ <i>none</i>, and <i>none</i> otherwise (including if the argument is omitted). The user agent must
+ then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-select><a href=#event-select>select</a></code> at the element, using the <a href=#user-interaction-task-source>user interaction task
+ source</a> as the task source.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-textarea/input-setrangetext title=dom-textarea/input-setRangeText><code>setRangeText(<var title="">replacement</var>, <var title="">start</var>, <var title="">end</var>, <var title="">selectMode</var>)</code></dfn> method must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the method has only one argument, then let <var title="">start</var> and <var title="">end</var> have the values of the <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code> attribute and the <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code> attribute respectively.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">start</var>, <var title="">end</var> have the values of the
+ second and third arguments respectively.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">start</var> is greater than <var title="">end</var>, then throw an
+ <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">start</var> is greater than the length of the value of the text field,
+ then set it to the length of the value of the text field.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">end</var> is greater than the length of the value of the text field,
+ then set it to the length of the value of the text field.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">selection start</var> be the current value of the <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionStart><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionstart>selectionStart</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">selection end</var> be the current value of the <code title=dom-textarea/input-selectionEnd><a href=#dom-textarea/input-selectionend>selectionEnd</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">start</var> is less than <var title="">end</var>, delete the sequence of
+ characters starting with the character at the <var title="">start</var>th position (in logical
+ order) and ending with the character at the <span title="">(<var title="">end</var>-1)</span>th
+ position.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Insert the value of the first argument into the text of the value of the text field,
+ immediately before the <var title="">start</var>th character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new length</var> be the length of the value of the first argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new end</var> be the sum of <var title="">start</var> and <var title="">new length</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the appropriate set of substeps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the fourth argument's value is "<dfn id=dom-selectionmode-select title=dom-SelectionMode-select><code>select</code></dfn>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">selection start</var> be <var title="">start</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">selection end</var> be <var title="">new end</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the fourth argument's value is "<dfn id=dom-selectionmode-start title=dom-SelectionMode-start><code>start</code></dfn>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">selection start</var> and <var title="">selection end</var> be <var title="">start</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the fourth argument's value is "<dfn id=dom-selectionmode-end title=dom-SelectionMode-end><code>end</code></dfn>"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">selection start</var> and <var title="">selection end</var> be <var title="">new end</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the fourth argument's value is "<dfn id=dom-selectionmode-preserve title=dom-SelectionMode-preserve><code>preserve</code></dfn>" (the default)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">old length</var> be <var title="">end</var> minus <var title="">start</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">delta</var> be <var title="">new length</var> minus <var title="">old length</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">selection start</var> is greater than <var title="">end</var>, then
+ increment it by <var title="">delta</var>. (If <var title="">delta</var> is negative, i.e.
+ the new text is shorter than the old text, then this will <em>decrease</em> the value of
+ <var title="">selection start</var>.)</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise: if <var title="">selection start</var> is greater than <var title="">start</var>, then set it to <var title="">start</var>. (This snaps the start of the
+ selection to the start of the new text if it was in the middle of the text that it
+ replaced.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">selection end</var> is greater than <var title="">end</var>, then
+ increment it by <var title="">delta</var> in the same way.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise: if <var title="">selection end</var> is greater than <var title="">start</var>, then set it to <var title="">new end</var>. (This snaps the end of the
+ selection to the end of the new text if it was in the middle of the text that it
+ replaced.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set the selection of the text field to the sequence of characters starting with the character
+ at the <var title="">selection start</var>th position (in logical order) and ending with the
+ character at the <span title="">(<var title="">selection end</var>-1)</span>th position. In UAs
+ where there is no concept of an empty selection, this must set the cursor to be just before the
+ character with offset <var title="">end</var>. The direction of the selection must be set to
+ <i>forward</i> if the platform does not support selections with the direction <i>none</i>, and
+ <i>none</i> otherwise.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-select><a href=#event-select>select</a></code> at the element, using the <a href=#user-interaction-task-source>user interaction task
+ source</a> as the task source.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>All elements to which this API <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a> have either a
+ selection or a text entry cursor position at all times (even for elements that are not <a href=#being-rendered>being
+ rendered</a>). User agents should follow platform conventions to determine their initial
+ state.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <p>Characters with no visible rendering, such as U+200D ZERO WIDTH JOINER, still count as
+ characters. Thus, for instance, the selection can include just an invisible character, and the
+ text insertion cursor can be placed to one side or another of such a character.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>To obtain the currently selected text, the following JavaScript suffices:</p>
+
+ <pre>var selectionText = control.value.substring(control.selectionStart, control.selectionEnd);</pre>
+
+ <p>...where <var title="">control</var> is the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>To add some text at the start of a text control, while maintaining the text selection, the
+ three attributes must be preserved:</p>
+
+ <pre>var oldStart = control.selectionStart;
+var oldEnd = control.selectionEnd;
+var oldDirection = control.selectionDirection;
+var prefix = "http://";
+control.value = prefix + control.value;
+control.setSelectionRange(oldStart + prefix.length, oldEnd + prefix.length, oldDirection);</pre>
+
+ <p>...where <var title="">control</var> is the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=constraints><span class=secno>4.10.21 </span>Constraints</h4>
+
+ <h5 id=definitions><span class=secno>4.10.21.1 </span>Definitions</h5>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable element</a> is a <dfn id=candidate-for-constraint-validation>candidate for constraint
+ validation</dfn> except when a condition has <dfn id=barred-from-constraint-validation title="barred from constraint validation">barred
+ the element from constraint validation</dfn>. (For example, an element is <a href=#barred-from-constraint-validation>barred from
+ constraint validation</a> if it is an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element.)</p>
+
+ <p>An element can have a <dfn id=custom-validity-error-message>custom validity error message</dfn> defined. Initially, an element
+ must have its <a href=#custom-validity-error-message>custom validity error message</a> set to the empty string. When its value
+ is not the empty string, the element is <a href=#suffering-from-a-custom-error>suffering from a custom error</a>. It can be set
+ using the <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity()</a></code> method. The user
+ agent should use the <a href=#custom-validity-error-message>custom validity error message</a> when alerting the user to the
+ problem with the control.</p>
+
+ <p>An element can be constrained in various ways. The following is the list of <dfn id=validity-states>validity
+ states</dfn> that a form control can be in, making the control invalid for the purposes of
+ constraint validation. (The definitions below are non-normative; other parts of this specification
+ define more precisely when each state applies or does not.)</p>
+
+ <dl><dt> <dfn id=suffering-from-being-missing>Suffering from being missing</dfn> </dt>
+
+ <dd> <p>When a control has no <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> but has a <code title="">required</code> attribute (<code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> <code title=attr-textarea-required><a href=#attr-textarea-required>required</a></code>); or, in the case of an element in a <i><a href=#radio-button-group>radio
+ button group</a></i>, any of the other elements in the group has a <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code> attribute; or, for <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements,
+ none of the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements have their <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> set (<code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> <code title=attr-select-required><a href=#attr-select-required>required</a></code>).</dd>
+
+ <dt> <dfn id=suffering-from-a-type-mismatch>Suffering from a type mismatch</dfn> </dt>
+
+ <dd> <p>When a control that allows arbitrary user input has a <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> that is not in the correct syntax (<a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a>, <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a>).
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt> <dfn id=suffering-from-a-pattern-mismatch>Suffering from a pattern mismatch</dfn> </dt>
+
+ <dd> <p>When a control has a <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> that doesn't satisfy the
+ <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code> attribute.</dd>
+
+ <dt> <dfn id=suffering-from-being-too-long>Suffering from being too long</dfn> </dt>
+
+ <dd> <p>When a control has a <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> that is too long for the
+ <a href=#attr-fe-maxlength title=attr-fe-maxlength>form control <code title="">maxlength</code> attribute</a>
+ (<code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ <code title=attr-textarea-maxlength><a href=#attr-textarea-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>). </dd>
+
+ <dt> <dfn id=suffering-from-being-too-short>Suffering from being too short</dfn> </dt>
+
+ <dd> <p>When a control has a <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> that is too short for the
+ <a href=#attr-fe-minlength title=attr-fe-minlength>form control <code title="">minlength</code> attribute</a>
+ (<code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> <code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ <code title=attr-textarea-minlength><a href=#attr-textarea-minlength>minlength</a></code>). </dd>
+
+ <dt> <dfn id=suffering-from-an-underflow>Suffering from an underflow</dfn> </dt>
+
+ <dd> <p>When a control has a <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> that is too low for the
+ <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code> attribute.</dd>
+
+ <dt> <dfn id=suffering-from-an-overflow>Suffering from an overflow</dfn> </dt>
+
+ <dd> <p>When a control has a <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> that is too high for the
+ <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code> attribute.</dd>
+
+ <dt> <dfn id=suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>Suffering from a step mismatch</dfn> </dt>
+
+ <dd> <p>When a control has a <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> that doesn't fit the
+ rules given by the <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute.</dd>
+
+ <dt> <dfn id=suffering-from-bad-input>Suffering from bad input</dfn> </dt>
+
+ <dd> <p>When a control has incomplete input and the user agent does not think the user ought to
+ be able to submit the form in its current state.</dd>
+
+ <dt> <dfn id=suffering-from-a-custom-error>Suffering from a custom error</dfn> </dt>
+
+ <dd> <p>When a control's <a href=#custom-validity-error-message>custom validity error message</a> (as set by the element's
+ <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity()</a></code> method) is not the empty
+ string.</p> </dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>An element can still suffer from these states even when the element is <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>; thus these states can be represented in the DOM even
+ if validating the form during submission wouldn't indicate a problem to the user.</p>
+
+ <p>An element <dfn id=concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfies its constraints</dfn> if it is not suffering
+ from any of the above <a href=#validity-states>validity states</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=constraint-validation><span class=secno>4.10.21.2 </span>Constraint validation</h5>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=statically-validate-the-constraints>statically validate the constraints</dfn> of
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element <var title="">form</var>, it must run the following steps, which return
+ either a <i>positive</i> result (all the controls in the form are valid) or a <i>negative</i>
+ result (there are invalid controls) along with a (possibly empty) list of elements that are
+ invalid and for which no script has claimed responsibility:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">controls</var> be a list of all the <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable elements</a> whose <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> is <var title="">form</var>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">invalid controls</var> be an initially empty list of elements.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each element <var title="">field</var> in <var title="">controls</var>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a>, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">field</var> is not a <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation>candidate for constraint validation</a>,
+ then move on to the next element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if <var title="">field</var> <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfies its
+ constraints</a>, then move on to the next element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, add <var title="">field</var> to <var title="">invalid
+ controls</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">invalid controls</var> is empty, then return a <i>positive</i> result and
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">unhandled invalid controls</var> be an initially empty list of
+ elements.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each element <var title="">field</var> in <var title="">invalid controls</var>, if any,
+ in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-invalid><a href=#event-invalid>invalid</a></code> that
+ is cancelable at <var title="">field</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the event was not canceled, then add <var title="">field</var> to <var title="">unhandled invalid controls</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return a <i>negative</i> result with the list of elements in the <var title="">unhandled
+ invalid controls</var> list.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>If a user agent is to <dfn id=interactively-validate-the-constraints>interactively validate the constraints</dfn> of <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ element <var title="">form</var>, then the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#statically-validate-the-constraints>Statically validate the constraints</a> of <var title="">form</var>, and let <var title="">unhandled invalid controls</var> be the list of elements returned if the result was
+ <i>negative</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the result was <i>positive</i>, then return that result and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Report the problems with the constraints of at least one of the elements given in <var title="">unhandled invalid controls</var> to the user. User agents may focus one of those
+ elements in the process, by running the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing steps</a> for that element, and may
+ change the scrolling position of the document, or perform some other action that brings the
+ element to the user's attention. User agents may report more than one constraint violation. User
+ agents may coalesce related constraint violation reports if appropriate (e.g. if multiple radio
+ buttons in a <a href=#radio-button-group title="radio button group">group</a> are marked as required, only one error
+ need be reported). If one of the controls is not <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a> (e.g. it has the
+ <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute set) then user agents may report a script
+ error.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return a <i>negative</i> result.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <h5 id=the-constraint-validation-api><span class=secno>4.10.21.3 </span>The <dfn>constraint validation API</dfn></h5>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-willValidate><a href=#dom-cva-willvalidate>willValidate</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element will be validated when the form is submitted; false
+ otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity</a></code>(<var title="">message</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sets a custom error, so that the element would fail to validate. The given message is the
+ message to be shown to the user when reporting the problem to the user.</p>
+
+ <p>If the argument is the empty string, clears the custom error.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code> . <code title=dom-validitystate-valueMissing><a href=#dom-validitystate-valuemissing>valueMissing</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element has no value but is a required field; false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code> . <code title=dom-validitystate-typeMismatch><a href=#dom-validitystate-typemismatch>typeMismatch</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element's value is not in the correct syntax; false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code> . <code title=dom-validitystate-patternMismatch><a href=#dom-validitystate-patternmismatch>patternMismatch</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element's value doesn't match the provided pattern; false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code> . <code title=dom-validitystate-tooLong><a href=#dom-validitystate-toolong>tooLong</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element's value is longer than the provided maximum length; false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code> . <code title=dom-validitystate-tooShort><a href=#dom-validitystate-tooshort>tooShort</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element's value, if it is not the empty string, is shorter than the
+ provided minimum length; false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code> . <code title=dom-validitystate-rangeUnderflow><a href=#dom-validitystate-rangeunderflow>rangeUnderflow</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element's value is lower than the provided minimum; false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code> . <code title=dom-validitystate-rangeOverflow><a href=#dom-validitystate-rangeoverflow>rangeOverflow</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element's value is higher than the provided maximum; false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code> . <code title=dom-validitystate-stepMismatch><a href=#dom-validitystate-stepmismatch>stepMismatch</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element's value doesn't fit the rules given by the <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code> attribute; false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code> . <code title=dom-validitystate-badInput><a href=#dom-validitystate-badinput>badInput</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the user has provided input in the user interface that the user agent is
+ unable to convert to a value; false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code> . <code title=dom-validitystate-customError><a href=#dom-validitystate-customerror>customError</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element has a custom error; false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code> . <code title=dom-validitystate-valid><a href=#dom-validitystate-valid>valid</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element's value has no validity problems; false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">valid</var> = <var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-checkValidity><a href=#dom-cva-checkvalidity>checkValidity</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element's value has no validity problems; false otherwise. Fires an <code title=event-invalid><a href=#event-invalid>invalid</a></code> event at the element in the latter case.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">valid</var> = <var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-reportValidity><a href=#dom-cva-reportvalidity>reportValidity</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element's value has no validity problems; otherwise, returns false, fires
+ an <code title=event-invalid><a href=#event-invalid>invalid</a></code> event at the element, and (if the event isn't
+ canceled) reports the problem to the user.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-cva-validationMessage><a href=#dom-cva-validationmessage>validationMessage</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the error message that would be shown to the user if the element was to be checked
+ for validity.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-cva-willvalidate title=dom-cva-willValidate><code>willValidate</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ true if an element is a <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation>candidate for constraint validation</a>, and false otherwise
+ (i.e. false if any conditions are <a href=#barred-from-constraint-validation title="barred from constraint validation">barring it from
+ constraint validation</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-cva-setcustomvalidity title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><code>setCustomValidity(<var title="">message</var>)</code></dfn>, when invoked, must set the <a href=#custom-validity-error-message>custom validity error
+ message</a> to the value of the given <var title="">message</var> argument.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, a script checks the value of a form control each time it is edited,
+ and whenever it is not a valid value, uses the <code title=dom-cva-setCustomValidity><a href=#dom-cva-setcustomvalidity>setCustomValidity()</a></code> method to set an appropriate
+ message.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;Feeling: &lt;input name=f type="text" oninput="check(this)"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ function check(input) {
+ if (input.value == "good" ||
+ input.value == "fine" ||
+ input.value == "tired") {
+ input.setCustomValidity('"' + input.value + '" is not a feeling.');
+<!-- } else if (input.value == "...") {
+ input.setCustomValidity('...');
+--> } else {
+ // input is fine -- reset the error message
+ input.setCustomValidity('');
+ }
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-cva-validity title=dom-cva-validity><code>validity</code></dfn> attribute must return a
+ <code><a href=#validitystate>ValidityState</a></code> object that represents the <a href=#validity-states>validity states</a> of the element.
+ This object is <a href=#live>live</a>, and the same object must be returned each time the element's
+ <code title=dom-cva-validity><a href=#dom-cva-validity>validity</a></code> attribute is retrieved.</p>
+
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=validitystate>ValidityState</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-validitystate-valuemissing title=dom-ValidityState-valueMissing>valueMissing</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-validitystate-typemismatch title=dom-ValidityState-typeMismatch>typeMismatch</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-validitystate-patternmismatch title=dom-ValidityState-patternMismatch>patternMismatch</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-validitystate-toolong title=dom-ValidityState-tooLong>tooLong</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-validitystate-tooshort title=dom-ValidityState-tooShort>tooShort</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-validitystate-rangeunderflow title=dom-ValidityState-rangeUnderflow>rangeUnderflow</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-validitystate-rangeoverflow title=dom-ValidityState-rangeOverflow>rangeOverflow</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-validitystate-stepmismatch title=dom-ValidityState-stepMismatch>stepMismatch</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-validitystate-badinput title=dom-ValidityState-badInput>badInput</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-validitystate-customerror title=dom-ValidityState-customError>customError</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-validitystate-valid title=dom-ValidityState-valid>valid</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#validitystate>ValidityState</a></code> object has the following attributes. On getting, they must return
+ true if the corresponding condition given in the following list is true, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-validitystate-valuemissing title=dom-ValidityState-valueMissing><code>valueMissing</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd> <p>The control is <a href=#suffering-from-being-missing>suffering from being missing</a>.</p> </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-validitystate-typemismatch title=dom-ValidityState-typeMismatch><code>typeMismatch</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd> <p>The control is <a href=#suffering-from-a-type-mismatch>suffering from a type mismatch</a>.</p> </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-validitystate-patternmismatch title=dom-ValidityState-patternMismatch><code>patternMismatch</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd> <p>The control is <a href=#suffering-from-a-pattern-mismatch>suffering from a pattern mismatch</a>.</p> </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-validitystate-toolong title=dom-ValidityState-tooLong><code>tooLong</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd> <p>The control is <a href=#suffering-from-being-too-long>suffering from being too long</a>.</p> </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-validitystate-tooshort title=dom-ValidityState-tooShort><code>tooShort</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd> <p>The control is <a href=#suffering-from-being-too-short>suffering from being too short</a>.</p> </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-validitystate-rangeunderflow title=dom-ValidityState-rangeUnderflow><code>rangeUnderflow</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd> <p>The control is <a href=#suffering-from-an-underflow>suffering from an underflow</a>.</p> </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-validitystate-rangeoverflow title=dom-ValidityState-rangeOverflow><code>rangeOverflow</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd> <p>The control is <a href=#suffering-from-an-overflow>suffering from an overflow</a>.</p> </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-validitystate-stepmismatch title=dom-ValidityState-stepMismatch><code>stepMismatch</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd> <p>The control is <a href=#suffering-from-a-step-mismatch>suffering from a step mismatch</a>.</p> </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-validitystate-badinput title=dom-ValidityState-badInput><code>badInput</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd> <p>The control is <a href=#suffering-from-bad-input>suffering from bad input</a>.</p> </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-validitystate-customerror title=dom-ValidityState-customError><code>customError</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd> <p>The control is <a href=#suffering-from-a-custom-error>suffering from a custom error</a>.</p> </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-validitystate-valid title=dom-ValidityState-valid><code>valid</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd> <p>None of the other conditions are true.</p> </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the <dfn id=dom-cva-checkvalidity title=dom-cva-checkValidity><code>checkValidity()</code></dfn> method is
+ invoked, if the element is a <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation>candidate for constraint validation</a> and does not <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfy its constraints</a>, the user agent must <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-invalid><a href=#event-invalid>invalid</a></code> that is cancelable (but in this case
+ has no default action) at the element and return false. Otherwise, it must only return true
+ without doing anything else.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-cva-reportvalidity title=dom-cva-reportValidity><code>reportValidity()</code></dfn> method is
+ invoked, if the element is a <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation>candidate for constraint validation</a> and does not <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfy its constraints</a>, the user agent must: <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-invalid><a href=#event-invalid>invalid</a></code> that is cancelable at the element,
+ and if that event is not canceled, report the problems with the constraints of that element to the
+ user; then, return false. Otherwise, it must only return true without doing anything else. When
+ reporting the problem with the constraints to the user, the user agent may run the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing
+ steps</a> for that element, and may change the scrolling position of the document, or perform
+ some other action that brings the element to the user's attention. User agents may report more
+ than one constraint violation, if the element suffers from multiple problems at once. If the
+ element is not <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a>, then the user agent may, instead of notifying the
+ user, report a script error.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-cva-validationmessage title=dom-cva-validationMessage><code>validationMessage</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the empty string if the element is not a <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation>candidate for constraint validation</a>
+ or if it is one but it <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfies its constraints</a>; otherwise,
+ it must return a suitably localised message that the user agent would show the user if this were
+ the only form control with a validity constraint problem. If the user agent would not actually
+ show a textual message in such a situation (e.g. it would show a graphical cue instead), then the
+ attribute must return a suitably localised message that expresses (one or more of) the validity
+ constraint(s) that the control does not satisfy. If the element is a <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation>candidate for
+ constraint validation</a> and is <a href=#suffering-from-a-custom-error>suffering from a custom error</a>, then the
+ <a href=#custom-validity-error-message>custom validity error message</a> should be present in the return value.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <h5 id=security-forms><span class=secno>4.10.21.4 </span>Security</h5>
+
+ <p id=security-0>Servers should not rely on client-side validation. Client-side validation can
+ be intentionally bypassed by hostile users, and unintentionally bypassed by users of older user
+ agents or automated tools that do not implement these features. The constraint validation features
+ are only intended to improve the user experience, not to provide any kind of security
+ mechanism.</p>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=form-submission><span class=secno>4.10.22 </span><dfn>Form submission</dfn></h4>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=introduction-3><span class=secno>4.10.22.1 </span>Introduction</h5>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>When a form is submitted, the data in the form is converted into the structure specified by the
+ <a href=#concept-fs-enctype title=concept-fs-enctype>enctype</a>, and then sent to the destination specified by the
+ <a href=#concept-fs-action title=concept-fs-action>action</a> using the given <a href=#concept-fs-method title=concept-fs-method>method</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For example, take the following form:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="/find.cgi" method=get&gt;
+ &lt;input type=text name=t&gt;
+ &lt;input type=search name=q&gt;
+ &lt;input type=submit&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>If the user types in "cats" in the first field and "fur" in the second, and then hits the
+ submit button, then the user agent will load <code title="">/find.cgi?t=cats&amp;q=fur</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>On the other hand, consider this form:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="/find.cgi" method=post enctype="multipart/form-data"&gt;
+ &lt;input type=text name=t&gt;
+ &lt;input type=search name=q&gt;
+ &lt;input type=submit&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Given the same user input, the result on submission is quite different: the user agent instead
+ does an HTTP POST to the given URL, with as the entity body something like the following text:</p>
+
+ <pre>------kYFrd4jNJEgCervE
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="t"
+
+cats
+------kYFrd4jNJEgCervE
+Content-Disposition: form-data; name="q"
+
+fur
+------kYFrd4jNJEgCervE--</pre>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=implicit-submission><span class=secno>4.10.22.2 </span>Implicit submission</h5>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element's <dfn id=default-button>default button</dfn> is the first <a href=#concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit button</a> in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> whose <a href=#form-owner>form
+ owner</a> is that <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the user agent supports letting the user submit a form implicitly (for example, on some
+ platforms hitting the "enter" key while a text field is <a href=#focused>focused</a> implicitly submits the form), then
+ doing so for a form whose <a href=#default-button>default button</a> has a defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation
+ behavior</a> must cause the user agent to <a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>run synthetic click activation steps</a> on
+ that <a href=#default-button>default button</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Consequently, if the <a href=#default-button>default button</a> is <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>, the form is not submitted when such an implicit
+ submission mechanism is used. (A button has no <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> when
+ disabled.)</p>
+
+ <p class=note>There are pages on the Web that are only usable if there is a way to implicitly
+ submit forms, so user agents are strongly encouraged to support this.</p>
+
+ <p><!-- For Web compatibility reasons caused by obscure historical accidents, -->If the form has
+ no <a href=#concept-submit-button title=concept-submit-button>submit button</a>, then the implicit submission
+ mechanism must do nothing if the form has more than one <i>field that blocks implicit
+ submission</i>, and must <a href=#concept-form-submit title=concept-form-submit>submit</a> the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ element from the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element itself otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purpose of the previous paragraph, an element is a <i>field that blocks implicit
+ submission</i> of a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element if it is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> is that <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element and whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in one of the following states:
+ <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a>,
+ <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a>,
+ <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a>,
+ <a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</a>,
+ <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a>,
+ <a href="#password-state-(type=password)" title=attr-input-type-password>Password</a>,
+ <a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)" title=attr-input-type-datetime>Date and Time</a>,
+ <a href="#date-state-(type=date)" title=attr-input-type-date>Date</a>,
+ <a href="#month-state-(type=month)" title=attr-input-type-month>Month</a>,
+ <a href="#week-state-(type=week)" title=attr-input-type-week>Week</a>,
+ <a href="#time-state-(type=time)" title=attr-input-type-time>Time</a>,
+ <a href="#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)" title=attr-input-type-datetime-local>Local Date and Time</a>,
+ <a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a>
+ </p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=form-submission-algorithm><span class=secno>4.10.22.3 </span>Form submission algorithm</h5>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element <var title="">form</var> is <dfn id=concept-form-submit title=concept-form-submit>submitted</dfn> from an element <var title="">submitter</var>
+ (typically a button), optionally with a <var title="">submitted from <code title=dom-form-submit><a href=#dom-form-submit>submit()</a></code> method</var> flag set, the user agent must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">form document</var> be the <var title="">form</var>'s
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li id=sandboxSubmitBlocked><p>If <var title="">form document</var> has no associated
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> or its <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> has its
+ <a href=#sandboxed-forms-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed forms browsing context flag</a> set, then abort these steps without doing
+ anything.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">form browsing context</var> be the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> of <var title="">form document</var>.</li>
+
+ <!-- lock (all the following steps are skipped if called from submit() - see unlock step below) -->
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">submitted from <code title=dom-form-submit><a href=#dom-form-submit>submit()</a></code>
+ method</var> flag is not set, and the <var title="">submitter</var> element's <a href=#concept-fs-novalidate title=concept-fs-novalidate>no-validate state</a> is false, then <a href=#interactively-validate-the-constraints>interactively
+ validate the constraints</a> of <var title="">form</var> and examine the result: if the result
+ is negative (the constraint validation concluded that there were invalid fields and probably
+ informed the user of this) then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-invalid><a href=#event-invalid>invalid</a></code> at the <var title="">form</var> element and then abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">submitted from <code title=dom-form-submit><a href=#dom-form-submit>submit()</a></code>
+ method</var> flag is not set, then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles and is
+ cancelable named <code title=event-submit><a href=#event-submit>submit</a></code>, at <var title="">form</var>. If the
+ event's default action is prevented (i.e. if the event is canceled) then abort these steps.
+ Otherwise, continue (effectively the default action is to perform the submission).</li>
+
+ <!-- if you add any steps between the "lock" and "unlock" lines, make sure to update the step
+ immediately before the "lock" line -->
+
+ <!-- unlock -->
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">form data set</var> be the result of <a href=#constructing-the-form-data-set>constructing the form data
+ set</a> for <var title="">form</var> in the context of <var title="">submitter</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">action</var> be the <var title="">submitter</var> element's <a href=#concept-fs-action title=concept-fs-action>action</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">action</var> is the empty string, let <var title="">action</var> be
+ <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> of the <var title="">form document</var>.</p>
+
+ <!-- Don't ask me why. But that's what IE does. It even treats action="" differently from
+ action=" " or action="#" (the latter two resolve to the base URL, the first one resolves to the
+ doc URL). And other browsers concur. It is even required, see e.g.
+ http://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=7763
+ https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=297761
+ -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the <a href=#url>URL</a> <var title="">action</var>, relative to the <var title="">submitter</var> element. If this fails,
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">action</var> be the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">action components</var> be the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed
+ URL</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">scheme</var> be the <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a> of
+ the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">enctype</var> be the <var title="">submitter</var> element's <a href=#concept-fs-enctype title=concept-fs-enctype>enctype</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">method</var> be the <var title="">submitter</var> element's <a href=#concept-fs-method title=concept-fs-method>method</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">target</var> be the <var title="">submitter</var> element's <a href=#concept-fs-target title=concept-fs-target>target</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the user indicated a specific <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to use when submitting the
+ form, then let <var title="">target browsing context</var> be that <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.
+ Otherwise, apply <a href=#the-rules-for-choosing-a-browsing-context-given-a-browsing-context-name>the rules for choosing a browsing context given a browsing context
+ name</a> using <var title="">target</var> as the name and <var title="">form browsing
+ context</var> as the context in which the algorithm is executed, and let <var title="">target
+ browsing context</var> be the resulting <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">target browsing context</var> was created in the previous step, or,
+ alternatively, if the <var title="">form document</var> has not yet <a href=#completely-loaded>completely
+ loaded</a> and the <var title="">submitted from <code title=dom-form-submit><a href=#dom-form-submit>submit()</a></code>
+ method</var> flag is set, then let <var title="">replace</var> be true. Otherwise, let it be
+ false.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the value of <var title="">method</var> is <a href=#attr-fs-method-dialog title=attr-fs-method-dialog>dialog</a> then jump to the <a href=#submit-dialog title=submit-dialog>submit
+ dialog</a> steps.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, select the appropriate row in the table below based on the value of <var title="">scheme</var> as given by the first cell of each row. Then, select the appropriate cell
+ on that row based on the value of <var title="">method</var> as given in the first cell of each
+ column. Then, jump to the steps named in that cell and defined below the table.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><td>
+ <th> <a href=#attr-fs-method-get title=attr-fs-method-GET>GET</a>
+ <th> <a href=#attr-fs-method-post title=attr-fs-method-POST>POST</a>
+ <tbody><tr><th> <code title="">http</code>
+ <td> <a href=#submit-mutate-action title=submit-mutate-action>Mutate action URL</a>
+ <td> <a href=#submit-body title=submit-body>Submit as entity body</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">https</code>
+ <td> <a href=#submit-mutate-action title=submit-mutate-action>Mutate action URL</a>
+ <td> <a href=#submit-body title=submit-body>Submit as entity body</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">ftp</code>
+ <td> <a href=#submit-get-action title=submit-get-action>Get action URL</a>
+ <td> <a href=#submit-get-action title=submit-get-action>Get action URL</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">javascript</code>
+ <td> <a href=#submit-get-action title=submit-get-action>Get action URL</a>
+ <td> <a href=#submit-get-action title=submit-get-action>Get action URL</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">data</code>
+ <td> <a href=#submit-get-action title=submit-get-action>Get action URL</a>
+ <td> <a href=#submit-data-post title=submit-data-post>Post to data:</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">mailto</code>
+ <td> <a href=#submit-mailto-headers title=submit-mailto-headers>Mail with headers</a>
+ <td> <a href=#submit-mailto-body title=submit-mailto-body>Mail as body</a>
+ </table><p>If <var title="">scheme</var> is not one of those listed in this table, then the behavior is
+ not defined by this specification. User agents should, in the absence of another specification
+ defining this, act in a manner analogous to that defined in this specification for similar
+ schemes.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element has a <dfn id=planned-navigation>planned navigation</dfn>, which is either null or a
+ <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>; when the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> is first created, its
+ <a href=#planned-navigation>planned navigation</a> must be set to null. In the behaviours described below, when the
+ user agent is required to <dfn id=plan-to-navigate>plan to navigate</dfn> to a particular resource <var title="">destination</var>, it must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> has a non-null <a href=#planned-navigation>planned navigation</a>, remove it from
+ its <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>'s <a href=#planned-navigation>planned navigation</a> be a new <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that consists of running the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>'s <a href=#planned-navigation>planned navigation</a> be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#navigate>Navigate</a><!--DONAV form--> <var title="">target browsing context</var> to
+ the particular resource <var title="">destination</var>. If <var title="">replace</var> is
+ true, then <var title="">target browsing context</var> must be navigated with
+ <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>.</p>
+
+ </ol><p>For the purposes of this task, <var title="">target browsing context</var> and <var title="">replace</var> are the variables that were set up when the overall form submission
+ algorithm was run, with their values as they stood when this <a href=#planned-navigation>planned navigation</a>
+ was <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">Queue the task</a> that is the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>'s new
+ <a href=#planned-navigation>planned navigation</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for this task is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task
+ source</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The behaviors are as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=submit-mutate-action title=submit-mutate-action>Mutate action URL</dfn>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">query</var> be the result of encoding the <var title="">form data
+ set</var> using the <a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded-encoding-algorithm><code title="">application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> encoding
+ algorithm</a>, interpreted as a US-ASCII string.</p>
+
+ <!-- by this point we've already tried to resolve the URL, so we know we can parse it -->
+
+ <p>Set <var title="">parsed action</var>'s <a href=#concept-url-query title=concept-url-query>query</a>
+ component to <var title="">query</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">destination</var> be a new <a href=#url>URL</a> formed by applying the
+ <a href=#concept-url-serializer title=concept-url-serializer>URL serializer</a> algorithm to <var title="">parsed action</var>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#plan-to-navigate>Plan to navigate</a> to <var title="">destination</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=submit-body title=submit-body>Submit as entity body</dfn>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">entity body</var> be the result of encoding the <var title="">form data
+ set</var> using the <a href=#appropriate-form-encoding-algorithm>appropriate form encoding algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">MIME type</var> be determined as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If <var title="">enctype</var> is <code title=attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">MIME type</var> be "<code title="">application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code>".</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">enctype</var> is <code title=attr-fs-enctype-formdata><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-formdata>multipart/form-data</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">MIME type</var> be the concatenation of the string "<code title="">multipart/form-data;</code>", a U+0020 SPACE character, the string "<code title="">boundary=</code>", and the <a href=#multipart/form-data-boundary-string><code title="">multipart/form-data</code> boundary
+ string</a> generated by the <a href=#multipart/form-data-encoding-algorithm><code title="">multipart/form-data</code> encoding
+ algorithm</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">enctype</var> is <code title=attr-fs-enctype-text><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-text>text/plain</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">MIME type</var> be "<code title="">text/plain</code>".</dd>
+
+ </dl><!--<p>If <var title="">method</var> is anything but (GET or) POST, and the
+ <span>origin</span> of <var title="">action</var> is not the <span>same origin</span> as that
+ of <var title="">form document</var>, then abort these steps.</p> [or do CORS] (this is
+ commented out since only POST can trigger this now, and that's historically unrestricted)--><p>Otherwise, <a href=#plan-to-navigate>plan to navigate</a> to <var title="">action</var> using the HTTP
+ method given by <var title="">method</var> and with <var title="">entity body</var> as the
+ entity body, of type <var title="">MIME type</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=submit-get-action title=submit-get-action>Get action URL</dfn>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#plan-to-navigate>Plan to navigate</a> to <var title="">action</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <var title="">form data set</var> is discarded.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=submit-data-post title=submit-data-post>Post to data:</dfn>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">data</var> be the result of encoding the <var title="">form data
+ set</var> using the <a href=#appropriate-form-encoding-algorithm>appropriate form encoding algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">action</var> contains the string "<code title="">%%%%</code>" (four U+0025
+ PERCENT SIGN characters), then <a href=#percent-encode>percent encode</a> all bytes in <var title="">data</var> that, if interpreted as US-ASCII, are not characters in the URL
+ <a href=#default-encode-set>default encode set</a>, and then, treating the result as a US-ASCII string,
+ <a href=#utf-8-percent-encode>UTF-8 percent encode</a> all the U+0025 PERCENT SIGN characters in the resulting
+ string and replace the first occurrence of "<code title="">%%%%</code>" in <var title="">action</var> with the resulting doubly-escaped string. <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">action</var> contains the string "<code title="">%%</code>"
+ (two U+0025 PERCENT SIGN characters in a row, but not four), then <a href=#utf-8-percent-encode>UTF-8 percent
+ encode</a> all characters in <var title="">data</var> that, if interpreted as US-ASCII, are
+ not characters in the URL <a href=#default-encode-set>default encode set</a>, and then, treating the result as a
+ US-ASCII string, replace the first occurrence of "<code title="">%%</code>" in <var title="">action</var> with the resulting escaped string. <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <p><a href=#plan-to-navigate>Plan to navigate</a> to the potentially modified <var title="">action</var> (which
+ will be a <a href=#data-protocol title="data protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URL</a>).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=submit-mailto-headers title=submit-mailto-headers>Mail with headers</dfn>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">headers</var> be the resulting encoding the <var title="">form data
+ set</var> using the <a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded-encoding-algorithm><code title="">application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> encoding
+ algorithm</a>, interpreted as a US-ASCII string.</p>
+
+ <p>Replace occurrences of U+002B PLUS SIGN characters (+) in <var title="">headers</var> with
+ the string "<code title="">%20</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">destination</var> consist of all the characters from the first character
+ in <var title="">action</var> to the character immediately before the first U+003F QUESTION
+ MARK character (?), if any, or the end of the string if there are none.</p>
+
+ <p>Append a single U+003F QUESTION MARK character (?) to <var title="">destination</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Append <var title="">headers</var> to <var title="">destination</var>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#plan-to-navigate>Plan to navigate</a> to <var title="">destination</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=submit-mailto-body title=submit-mailto-body>Mail as body</dfn>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">body</var> be the resulting of encoding the <var title="">form data
+ set</var> using the <a href=#appropriate-form-encoding-algorithm>appropriate form encoding algorithm</a> and then <a href=#percent-encode title="percent encode">percent encoding</a> all the bytes in the resulting byte string
+ that, when interpreted as US-ASCII, are not characters in the URL <a href=#default-encode-set>default encode
+ set</a>. <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">destination</var> have the same value as <var title="">action</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">destination</var> does not contain a U+003F QUESTION MARK character (?),
+ append a single U+003F QUESTION MARK character (?) to <var title="">destination</var>.
+ Otherwise, append a single U+0026 AMPERSAND character (&amp;).</p>
+
+ <p>Append the string "<code title="">body=</code>" to <var title="">destination</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Append <var title="">body</var>, interpreted as a US-ASCII string, to <var title="">destination</var>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#plan-to-navigate>Plan to navigate</a> to <var title="">destination</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=submit-dialog title=submit-dialog>Submit dialog</dfn>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">subject</var> be the nearest ancestor <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element of <var title="">form</var>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>If there isn't one, or if it does not have an <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code>
+ attribute, do nothing. Otherwise, proceed as follows:</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">submitter</var> is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, then let <var title="">result</var>
+ be the string formed by concatenating the <a href=#concept-input-type-image-coordinate title=concept-input-type-image-coordinate>selected coordinate</a>'s <var title="">x</var>-component, expressed as a base-ten number using <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, a
+ U+002C COMMA character (,), and the <a href=#concept-input-type-image-coordinate title=concept-input-type-image-coordinate>selected
+ coordinate</a>'s <var title="">y</var>-component, expressed in the same way as the <var title="">x</var>-component.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">submitter</var> has a <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>, then let <var title="">result</var> be that <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, there is no <var title="">result</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Then, <a href=#close-the-dialog>close the dialog</a> <var title="">subject</var>. If there is a <var title="">result</var>, let that be the return value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <dfn id=appropriate-form-encoding-algorithm>appropriate form encoding algorithm</dfn> is
+ determined as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If <var title="">enctype</var> is <code title=attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Use the <a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded-encoding-algorithm><code title="">application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> encoding
+ algorithm</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">enctype</var> is <code title=attr-fs-enctype-formdata><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-formdata>multipart/form-data</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Use the <a href=#multipart/form-data-encoding-algorithm><code title="">multipart/form-data</code> encoding algorithm</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">enctype</var> is <code title=attr-fs-enctype-text><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-text>text/plain</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Use the <a href=#text/plain-encoding-algorithm><code title="">text/plain</code> encoding algorithm</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol><h5 id=constructing-form-data-set><span class=secno>4.10.22.4 </span>Constructing the form data set</h5>
+
+ <p>The algorithm to <dfn id=constructing-the-form-data-set title="constructing the form data set">construct the form data set</dfn>
+ for a form <var title="">form</var> optionally in the context of a submitter <var title="">submitter</var> is as follows. If not specified otherwise, <var title="">submitter</var>
+ is null.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">controls</var> be a list of all the <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable elements</a> whose <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> is <var title="">form</var>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <var title="">form data set</var> be a list of name-value-type tuples, initially
+ empty.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Loop</i>: For each element <var title="">field</var> in <var title="">controls</var>, in
+ <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If any of the following conditions are met, then skip these substeps for this element:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The <var title="">field</var> element has a <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code> element ancestor.</li>
+
+ <li>The <var title="">field</var> element is <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The <var title="">field</var> element is a <a href=#concept-button title=concept-button>button</a> but
+ it is not <var title="">submitter</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>The <var title="">field</var> element is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state and whose <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> is false.</li>
+
+ <li>The <var title="">field</var> element is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> state and whose <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> is false.</li>
+
+ <li>The <var title="">field</var> element is not an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, and either the <var title="">field</var> element does not have a <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute
+ specified, or its <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute's value is the empty
+ string.</li>
+
+ <li>The <var title="">field</var> element is an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element that is not using
+ a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>Otherwise, process <var title="">field</var> as follows:</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">type</var> be the value of the <code title="">type</code> IDL
+ attribute of <var title="">field</var>.</li> <!-- if the field is an <object> element, this
+ will get ignored. -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">field</var> element is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, then run these further nested
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <var title="">field</var> element has a <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code>
+ attribute specified and its value is not the empty string, let <var title="">name</var> be
+ that value followed by a single U+002E FULL STOP character (.). Otherwise, let <var title="">name</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">name<sub title="">x</sub></var> be the string consisting of the
+ concatenation of <var title="">name</var> and a single U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X character
+ (x).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">name<sub title="">y</sub></var> be the string consisting of the
+ concatenation of <var title="">name</var> and a single U+0079 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y character
+ (y).</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <var title="">field</var> element is <var title="">submitter</var>, and before
+ this algorithm was invoked the user <a href=#concept-input-type-image-coordinate title=concept-input-type-image-coordinate>indicated a coordinate</a>. Let <var title="">x</var> be the <var title="">x</var>-component of the coordinate selected by the
+ user, and let <var title="">y</var> be the <var title="">y</var>-component of the coordinate
+ selected by the user.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append an entry to the <var title="">form data set</var> with the name <var title="">name<sub title="">x</sub></var>, the value <var title="">x</var>, and the type <var title="">type</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append an entry to the <var title="">form data set</var> with the name <var title="">name<sub title="">y</sub></var> and the value <var title="">y</var>, and the type
+ <var title="">type</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Skip the remaining substeps for this element: if there are any more elements in <var title="">controls</var>, return to the top of the <i>loop</i> step, otherwise, jump to the
+ <i>end</i> step below.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">name</var> be the value of the <var title="">field</var> element's
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">field</var> element is a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element, then for each
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element in the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> whose <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> is true and that is not <a href=#concept-option-disabled title=concept-option-disabled>disabled</a>, append an entry to the <var title="">form data
+ set</var> with the <var title="">name</var> as the name, the <a href=#concept-option-value title=concept-option-value>value</a> of the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element as the value, and
+ <var title="">type</var> as the type.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <var title="">field</var> element is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state or the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> state, then run these further nested
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <var title="">field</var> element has a <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute specified, then let <var title="">value</var>
+ be the value of that attribute; otherwise, let <var title="">value</var> be the string "<code title="">on</code>".</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append an entry to the <var title="">form data set</var> with <var title="">name</var>
+ as the name, <var title="">value</var> as the value, and <var title="">type</var> as the
+ type.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the <var title="">field</var> element is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element
+ whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)" title=attr-input-type-file>File Upload</a> state, then for each file <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected</a> in the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element,
+ append an entry to the <var title="">form data set</var> with the <var title="">name</var> as
+ the name, the file (consisting of the name, the type, and the body) as the value, and <var title="">type</var> as the type. If there are no <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected files</a>, then append an entry to the
+ <var title="">form data set</var> with the <var title="">name</var> as the name, the empty
+ string as the value, and <code>application/octet-stream</code> as the type.</li> <!--
+ https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=529859 -->
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the <var title="">field</var> element is an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element:
+ try to obtain a form submission value from the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a><!-- using NPAPI's
+ NPP_GetValue() entry point with the NPPVformValue variable -->, and if that is successful,
+ append an entry to the <var title="">form data set</var> with <var title="">name</var> as the
+ name, the returned form submission value as the value, and the string "<code title="">object</code>" as the type.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, append an entry to the <var title="">form data set</var> with <var title="">name</var> as the name, the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of the <var title="">field</var> element as the value, and <var title="">type</var> as the type.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the element has a <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code> attribute, and that
+ attribute's value is not the empty string, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">dirname</var> be the value of the element's <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">dir</var> be the string "<code title="">ltr</code>" if <a href=#the-directionality>the
+ directionality</a> of the element is '<a href=#concept-ltr title=concept-ltr>ltr</a>', and "<code title="">rtl</code>" otherwise (i.e. when <a href=#the-directionality>the directionality</a> of the element is
+ '<a href=#concept-rtl title=concept-rtl>rtl</a>').</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append an entry to the <var title="">form data set</var> with <var title="">dirname</var> as the name, <var title="">dir</var> as the value, and the string
+ "<code title="">direction</code>" as the type.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>An element can only have a <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>
+ attribute if it is a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element or an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in either the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state or the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>End</i>: For the name of each entry in the <var title="">form data set</var>, and for the
+ value of each entry in the <var title="">form data set</var> whose type is not "<code title="">file</code>" or "<code title="">textarea</code>", replace every occurrence of a U+000D
+ CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) character not followed by a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character, and every
+ occurrence of a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character not preceded by a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)
+ character, by a two-character string consisting of a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN U+000A LINE FEED
+ (CRLF) character pair.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In the case of the <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements, this newline normalization is already performed during the
+ conversion of the control's <a href=#concept-textarea-raw-value title=concept-textarea-raw-value>raw value</a> into the
+ control's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> (which also performs any necessary line
+ wrapping). In the case of <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code>
+ attributes in the <a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)" title=attr-input-type-file>File Upload</a> state, the value is not
+ normalized.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the <var title="">form data set</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=selecting-a-form-submission-encoding><span class=secno>4.10.22.5 </span>Selecting a form submission encoding</h5>
+
+ <p>If the user agent is to <dfn id=picking-an-encoding-for-the-form title="picking an encoding for the form">pick an encoding for a
+ form</dfn>, optionally with an <i>allow non-ASCII-compatible encodings</i> flag set, it must run
+ the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the value of the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element's <code title=attr-form-accept-charset><a href=#attr-form-accept-charset>accept-charset</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">candidate encoding labels</var> be the result of <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a
+ string on spaces">splitting <var title="">input</var> on spaces</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">candidate encodings</var> be an empty list of <a href=#encoding title=encoding>character encodings</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each token in <var title="">candidate encoding labels</var> in turn (in the order in
+ which they were found in <var title="">input</var>), <a href=#getting-an-encoding title="getting an encoding">get an
+ encoding</a> for the token and, if this does not result in failure, append the
+ <a href=#encoding>encoding</a> to <var title="">candidate encodings</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <i>allow non-ASCII-compatible encodings</i> flag is not set, remove any encodings
+ that are not <a href=#ascii-compatible-character-encoding title="ASCII-compatible character encoding">ASCII-compatible character
+ encodings</a> from <var title="">candidate encodings</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidate encodings</var> is empty, return UTF-8 and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Each character encoding in <var title="">candidate encodings</var> can represent a finite
+ number of characters. (For example, UTF-8 can represent all 1.1 million or so Unicode code
+ points, while Windows-1252 can only represent 256.)</p>
+
+ <p>For each encoding in <var title="">candidate encodings</var>, determine how many of the
+ characters in the names and values of the entries in the <var title="">form data set</var> the
+ encoding can represent (without ignoring duplicates). Let <var title="">max</var> be the
+ highest such count. (For UTF-8, <var title="">max</var> would equal the number of characters
+ in the names and values of the entries in the <var title="">form data set</var>.)</p>
+
+ <p>Return the first encoding in <var title="">candidate encodings</var> that can encode <var title="">max</var> characters in the names and values of the entries in the <var title="">form
+ data set</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=url-encoded-form-data><span class=secno>4.10.22.6 </span>URL-encoded form data</h5>
+
+ <p class=note>This form data set encoding is in many ways an aberrant monstrosity, the result of
+ many years of implementation accidents and compromises leading to a set of requirements necessary
+ for interoperability, but in no way representing good design practices. In particular, readers are
+ cautioned to pay close attention to the twisted details involving repeated (and in some cases
+ nested) conversions between character encodings and byte sequences.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=application/x-www-form-urlencoded-encoding-algorithm><code title="">application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> encoding algorithm</dfn> is as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- the first few steps of this are the same as in the next section --><li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element has an <code title=attr-form-accept-charset><a href=#attr-form-accept-charset>accept-charset</a></code> attribute, let the selected character
+ encoding be the result of <a href=#picking-an-encoding-for-the-form>picking an encoding for the form</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-form-accept-charset><a href=#attr-form-accept-charset>accept-charset</a></code> attribute, but the <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's
+ character encoding</a> is an <a href=#ascii-compatible-character-encoding>ASCII-compatible character encoding</a>, then that is
+ the selected character encoding.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let the selected character encoding be UTF-8.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">charset</var> be the <a href=#encoding-name title="encoding name">name</a> of the
+ selected <a href=#encoding title=encoding>character encoding</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each entry in the <var title="">form data set</var>, perform these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the entry's name is "<code title=attr-fe-name-charset><a href=#attr-fe-name-charset>_charset_</a></code>" and its
+ type is "<code title="">hidden</code>", replace its value with <var title="">charset</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the entry's type is "<code title="">file</code>", replace its value with the file's
+ name only.</li> <!-- this is not present in the next section -->
+
+ <li><p>For each character in the entry's name and value that cannot be expressed using the
+ selected character encoding, replace the character by a string consisting of a U+0026 AMPERSAND
+ character (&amp;), a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character (#), one or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>
+ representing the Unicode code point of the character in base ten, and finally a U+003B
+ SEMICOLON character (;).</li><!-- we should say it should be the shortest possible string,
+ no leading zeros. this whole step is asinine, though, so... -->
+
+ <!-- this is where the similarities with the next section end -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Encode the entry's name and value using the <a href=#encoder>encoder</a> for the selected character
+ encoding. The entry's name and value are now byte strings.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each byte in the entry's name and value, apply the appropriate subsubsteps from the
+ following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the byte is 0x20 (U+0020 SPACE if interpreted as ASCII)</dt>
+
+ <dd>Replace the byte with a single 0x2B byte (U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+) if interpreted
+ as ASCII).</dd>
+
+
+ <!-- * - . 0-9 a-z _ A-Z -->
+
+ <dt>If the byte is in the range 0x2A, 0x2D, 0x2E, 0x30 to 0x39, 0x41 to 0x5A, 0x5F, 0x61 to
+ 0x7A</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Leave the byte as is.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">s</var> be a string consisting of a U+0025 PERCENT SIGN character
+ (%) followed by <a href=#uppercase-ascii-hex-digits>uppercase ASCII hex digits</a> representing the hexadecimal value
+ of the byte in question (zero-padded if necessary).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Encode the string <var title="">s</var> as US-ASCII, so that it is now a byte
+ string.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Replace the byte in question in the name or value being processed by the bytes in
+ <var title="">s</var>, preserving their relative order.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Interpret the entry's name and value as Unicode strings encoded in US-ASCII. (All of the
+ bytes in the string will be in the range 0x00 to 0x7F; the high bit will be zero throughout.)
+ The entry's name and value are now Unicode strings again.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the entry's name is "<code title=attr-fe-name-isindex><a href=#attr-fe-name-isindex>isindex</a></code>", its type is
+ "<code title="">text</code>", and this is the first entry in the <var title="">form data
+ set</var>, then append the value to <var title="">result</var> and skip the rest of the
+ substeps for this entry, moving on to the next entry, if any, or the next step in the overall
+ algorithm otherwise.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this is not the first entry, append a single U+0026 AMPERSAND character (&amp;) to
+ <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the entry's name to <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a single U+003D EQUALS SIGN character (=) to <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the entry's value to <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Encode <var title="">result</var> as US-ASCII and return the resulting byte
+ stream.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p>To <dfn id=application/x-www-form-urlencoded-decoding-algorithm title="application/x-www-form-urlencoded decoding algorithm">decode
+ <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> payloads</dfn>, the following algorithm should be
+ used. This algorithm uses as inputs the payload itself, <var title="">payload</var>, consisting of
+ a Unicode string using only characters in the range U+0000 to U+007F; a default character encoding
+ <var title="">encoding</var>; and optionally an <var title="">isindex</var> flag indicating that
+ the payload is to be processed as if it had been generated for a form containing an <code title=attr-fe-name-isindex><a href=#attr-fe-name-isindex>isindex</a></code> control. The output of this algorithm is a sorted list
+ of name-value pairs. If the <var title="">isindex</var> flag is set and the first control really
+ was an <code title=attr-fe-name-isindex><a href=#attr-fe-name-isindex>isindex</a></code> control, then the first name-value pair
+ will have as its name the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>Which default character encoding to use can only be determined on a case-by-case basis, but
+ generally the best character encoding to use as a default is the one that was used to encode the
+ page on which the form used to create the payload was itself found. In the absence of a better
+ default, UTF-8 is suggested.</p>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">isindex</var> flag is for legacy use only. Forms in conforming HTML documents
+ will not generate payloads that need to be decoded with this flag set.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">strings</var> be the result of <a href=#strictly-split-a-string title="strictly split a
+ string">strictly splitting the string</a> <var title="">payload</var> on U+0026 AMPERSAND
+ characters (&amp;).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">isindex</var> flag is set and the first string in <var title="">strings</var> does not contain a U+003D EQUALS SIGN character (=), insert a U+003D
+ EQUALS SIGN character (=) at the start of the first string in <var title="">strings</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">pairs</var> be an empty list of name-value pairs.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each string <var title="">string</var> in <var title="">strings</var>, run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">string</var> contains a U+003D EQUALS SIGN character (=), then let <var title="">name</var> be the substring of <var title="">string</var> from the start of <var title="">string</var> up to but excluding its first U+003D EQUALS SIGN character (=), and let
+ <var title="">value</var> be the substring from the first character, if any, after the first
+ U+003D EQUALS SIGN character (=) up to the end of <var title="">string</var>. If the first
+ U+003D EQUALS SIGN character (=) is the first character, then <var title="">name</var> will be
+ the empty string. If it is the last character, then <var title="">value</var> will be the
+ empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <var title="">string</var> contains no U+003D EQUALS SIGN characters (=). Let
+ <var title="">name</var> have the value of <var title="">string</var> and let <var title="">value</var> be the empty string.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Replace any U+002B PLUS SIGN characters (+) in <var title="">name</var> and <var title="">value</var> with U+0020 SPACE characters.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Replace any escape in <var title="">name</var> and <var title="">value</var> with the
+ character represented by the escape. This replacement must not be recursive.</p>
+
+ <p>An escape is a U+0025 PERCENT SIGN character (%) followed by two <a href=#ascii-hex-digits>ASCII hex
+ digits</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The character represented by an escape is the Unicode character whose code point is equal
+ to the value of the two characters after the U+0025 PERCENT SIGN character (%), interpreted as
+ a hexadecimal number (in the range 0..255).</p>
+
+ <p class=example>So for instance the string "<code title="">A%2BC</code>" would become
+ "<code title="">A+C</code>". Similarly, the string "<code title="">100%25AA%21</code>" becomes
+ the string "<code title="">100%AA!</code>".</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Convert the <var title="">name</var> and <var title="">value</var> strings to their byte
+ representation in ISO-8859-1 (i.e. convert the Unicode string to a byte string, mapping code
+ points to byte values directly).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add a pair consisting of <var title="">name</var> and <var title="">value</var> to <var title="">pairs</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If any of the name-value pairs in <var title="">pairs</var> have a name component
+ consisting of the string "<code title="">_charset_</code>" encoded in US-ASCII, and the value
+ component of the first such pair, when decoded as US-ASCII, is the name of a supported character
+ encoding, then let <var title="">encoding</var> be that character encoding (replacing the default
+ passed to the algorithm).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Convert the name and value components of each name-value pair in <var title="">pairs</var>
+ to Unicode by interpreting the bytes according to the encoding <var title="">encoding</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">pairs</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>Parameters on the <code><a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code> MIME type are
+ ignored. In particular, this MIME type does not support the <code title="">charset</code>
+ parameter.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=multipart-form-data><span class=secno>4.10.22.7 </span>Multipart form data</h5>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <!-- http://hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/html/forms/submission/multipart_form-data/ -->
+
+ <!-- NOTE: This algorithm is also used by the XHR spec -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=multipart/form-data-encoding-algorithm><code title="">multipart/form-data</code> encoding algorithm</dfn> is as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- the first few steps of this are the same as in the previous section --><li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the algorithm was invoked with an explicit character encoding, let the selected character
+ encoding be that encoding. (This algorithm is used by other specifications, which provide an
+ explicit character encoding to avoid the dependency on the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element described
+ in the next paragraph.)</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element has an <code title=attr-form-accept-charset><a href=#attr-form-accept-charset>accept-charset</a></code> attribute, let the selected character
+ encoding be the result of <a href=#picking-an-encoding-for-the-form>picking an encoding for the form</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-form-accept-charset><a href=#attr-form-accept-charset>accept-charset</a></code> attribute, but the <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's
+ character encoding</a> is an <a href=#ascii-compatible-character-encoding>ASCII-compatible character encoding</a>, then that is
+ the selected character encoding.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let the selected character encoding be UTF-8.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">charset</var> be the <a href=#encoding-name title="encoding name">name</a> of the
+ selected <a href=#encoding title=encoding>character encoding</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each entry in the <var title="">form data set</var>, perform these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the entry's name is "<code title=attr-fe-name-charset><a href=#attr-fe-name-charset>_charset_</a></code>" and its
+ type is "<code title="">hidden</code>", replace its value with <var title="">charset</var>.</li>
+
+ <!-- the step that replaces a file with its name is missing in
+ this version of the algorithm -->
+
+ <li><p>For each character in the entry's name and value that cannot be expressed using the
+ selected character encoding, replace the character by a string consisting of a U+0026 AMPERSAND
+ character (&amp;), a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character (#), one or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>
+ representing the Unicode code point of the character in base ten, and finally a U+003B
+ SEMICOLON character (;).</li><!-- we should say it should be the shortest possible string,
+ no leading zeros. this whole step is asinine, though, so... -->
+
+ <!-- this is where the similarities with the previous section end -->
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Encode the (now mutated) <var title="">form data set</var> using the rules described by RFC
+ 2388, <cite>Returning Values from Forms: <code title="">multipart/form-data</code></cite>, and
+ return the resulting byte stream. <a href=#refsRFC2388>[RFC2388]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Each entry in the <var title="">form data set</var> is a <i>field</i>, the name of the entry
+ is the <i>field name</i> and the value of the entry is the <i>field value</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The order of parts must be the same as the order of fields in the <var title="">form data
+ set</var>. Multiple entries with the same name must be treated as distinct fields.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In particular, this means that multiple files submitted as part of a single
+ <code title="">&lt;input&nbsp;type=file&nbsp;multiple&gt;</code> element will result in each file
+ having its own field; the "sets of files" feature ("<code title="">multipart/mixed</code>") of
+ RFC 2388 is not used.</p>
+
+ <p>The parts of the generated <code title="">multipart/form-data</code> resource that correspond
+ to non-file fields must not have a <code><a href=#content-type>Content-Type</a></code> header specified. Their names and
+ values must be encoded using the character encoding selected above (field names in particular do
+ not get converted to a 7-bit safe encoding as suggested in RFC 2388).</p>
+
+ <p>File names included in the generated <code title="">multipart/form-data</code> resource (as
+ part of file fields) must use the character encoding selected above, though the precise name may
+ be approximated if necessary (e.g. newlines could be removed from file names, quotes could be
+ changed to "%22", and characters not expressible in the selected character encoding could be
+ replaced by other characters). User agents must not use the RFC 2231 encoding suggested by RFC
+ 2388.</p> <!-- this isn't a willful violation since 2388 doesn't make it a requirement, it just
+ vaguely suggests it -->
+
+ <p>The boundary used by the user agent in generating the return value of this algorithm is the
+ <dfn id=multipart/form-data-boundary-string><code title="">multipart/form-data</code> boundary string</dfn>. (This value is used to
+ generate the MIME type of the form submission payload generated by this algorithm.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p>For details on how to interpret <code>multipart/form-data</code> payloads, see RFC 2388. <a href=#refsRFC2388>[RFC2388]</a></p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=plain-text-form-data><span class=secno>4.10.22.8 </span>Plain text form data</h5>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=text/plain-encoding-algorithm><code title="">text/plain</code> encoding algorithm</dfn> is as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- this is different from application/x-www-form-urlencoded in that it isn't limited to
+ ASCII-compatible encodings -->
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element has an <code title=attr-form-accept-charset><a href=#attr-form-accept-charset>accept-charset</a></code> attribute, let the selected character
+ encoding be the result of <a href=#picking-an-encoding-for-the-form>picking an encoding for the form</a>, with the <i>allow
+ non-ASCII-compatible encodings</i> flag unset.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-form-accept-charset><a href=#attr-form-accept-charset>accept-charset</a></code> attribute, then that is the selected
+ character encoding.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">charset</var> be the <a href=#encoding-name title="encoding name">name</a> of the
+ selected <a href=#encoding title=encoding>character encoding</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the entry's name is "<code title=attr-fe-name-charset><a href=#attr-fe-name-charset>_charset_</a></code>" and its type
+ is "<code title="">hidden</code>", replace its value with <var title="">charset</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the entry's type is "<code title="">file</code>", replace its value with the file's
+ name only.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each entry in the <var title="">form data set</var>, perform these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Append the entry's name to <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a single U+003D EQUALS SIGN character (=) to <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the entry's value to <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character pair to <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Encode <var title="">result</var> using the <a href=#encoder>encoder</a> for the selected
+ character encoding and return the resulting byte stream.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p>Payloads using the <code>text/plain</code> format are intended to be human readable. They are
+ not reliably interpretable by computer, as the format is ambiguous (for example, there is no way
+ to distinguish a literal newline in a value from the newline at the end of the value).</p>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=resetting-a-form><span class=secno>4.10.23 </span>Resetting a form</h4>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element <var title="">form</var> is <dfn id=concept-form-reset title=concept-form-reset>reset</dfn>, the user agent must <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named
+ <code title=event-reset><a href=#event-reset>reset</a></code>, that bubbles and is cancelable, at <var title="">form</var>, and then, if that event is not canceled, must invoke the <a href=#concept-form-reset-control title=concept-form-reset-control>reset algorithm</a> of each <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable element</a> whose <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> is <var title="">form</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable element</a> defines its own <dfn id=concept-form-reset-control title=concept-form-reset-control>reset algorithm</dfn>. Changes made to form controls as part of
+ these algorithms do not count as changes caused by the user (and thus, e.g., do not cause <code title=event-input><a href=#event-input>input</a></code> events to fire).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=interactive-elements><span class=secno>4.11 </span>Interactive elements</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=the-details-element><span class=secno>4.11.1 </span>The <dfn><code>details</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#sectioning-root>Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>One <code><a href=#the-summary-element>summary</a></code> element followed by <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-details-open><a href=#attr-details-open>open</a></code> &mdash; Whether the details are visible</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmldetailselement>HTMLDetailsElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-details-open title=dom-details-open>open</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a disclosure widget from which the
+ user can obtain additional information or controls.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element is not appropriate for footnotes. Please see <a href=#footnotes>the section on footnotes</a> for details on how to mark up footnotes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <span class=impl>first</span> <code><a href=#the-summary-element>summary</a></code> element child of the element, if any,
+ <a href=#represents>represents</a> the summary or legend of the details. <span class=impl>If there is no
+ child <code><a href=#the-summary-element>summary</a></code> element, the user agent should provide its own legend (e.g.
+ "Details").</span></p>
+
+ <p>The rest of the element's contents <a href=#represents>represents</a> the additional information or
+ controls.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-details-open title=attr-details-open><code>open</code></dfn> content attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. If present, it indicates that both the summary and the additional information is
+ to be shown to the user. If the attribute is absent, only the summary is to be shown.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the element is created, if the attribute is absent, the additional information should be
+ hidden; if the attribute is present, that information should be shown. Subsequently, if the
+ attribute is removed, then the information should be hidden; if the attribute is added, the
+ information should be shown.</p>
+
+ <p>The user agent should allow the user to request that the additional information be shown or
+ hidden. To honor a request for the details to be shown, the user agent must set the <code title=attr-details-open><a href=#attr-details-open>open</a></code> attribute on the element to the value <code title="">open</code>. To honor a request for the information to be hidden, the user agent must
+ remove the <code title=attr-details-open><a href=#attr-details-open>open</a></code> attribute from the element.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever the <code title=attr-details-open><a href=#attr-details-open>open</a></code> attribute is added to or removed from
+ a <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> that runs the
+ following steps, which are known as the <dfn id=details-notification-task-steps>details notification task steps</dfn>, for this
+ <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If another <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> has been <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a
+ task">queued</a> to run the <a href=#details-notification-task-steps>details notification task steps</a> for this
+ <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element, then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>When the <code title=attr-details-open><a href=#attr-details-open>open</a></code> attribute is toggled
+ several times in succession, these steps essentially get coalesced so that only one event is
+ fired.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-toggle><a href=#event-toggle>toggle</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for this task must be the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task
+ source</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-details-open title=dom-details-open><code>open</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-details-open><a href=#attr-details-open>open</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following example shows the <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element being used to hide technical
+ details in a progress report.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section class="progress window"&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Copying "Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams"&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;details&gt;
+ &lt;summary&gt;Copying... &lt;progress max="375505392" value="97543282"&gt;&lt;/progress&gt; 25%&lt;/summary&gt;
+ &lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Transfer rate:&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dd&gt;452KB/s&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Local filename:&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dd&gt;/home/rpausch/raycd.m4v&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Remote filename:&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dd&gt;/var/www/lectures/raycd.m4v&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Duration:&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dd&gt;01:16:27&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Color profile:&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dd&gt;SD (6-1-6)&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Dimensions:&lt;/dt&gt; &lt;dd&gt;320&times;240&lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;/dl&gt;
+ &lt;/details&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following shows how a <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element can be used to hide some controls by
+ default:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;details&gt;
+ &lt;summary&gt;&lt;label for=fn&gt;Name &amp; Extension:&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/summary&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=text id=fn name=fn value="Pillar Magazine.pdf"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox name=ext checked&gt; Hide extension&lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;/details&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>One could use this in conjunction with other <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> in a list to allow the user
+ to collapse a set of fields down to a small set of headings, with the ability to open each
+ one.</p>
+
+ <p class=details-example><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-details-1.png width=345 alt="" height=611><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-details-2.png width=345 alt="" height=666></p>
+
+ <p>In these examples, the summary really just summarises what the controls can change, and not
+ the actual values, which is less than ideal.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Because the <code title=attr-details-open><a href=#attr-details-open>open</a></code> attribute is added and removed
+ automatically as the user interacts with the control, it can be used in CSS to style the element
+ differently based on its state. Here, a stylesheet is used to animate the color of the summary
+ when the element is opened or closed:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;style&gt;
+ details &gt; summary { transition: color 1s; color: black; }
+ details[open] &gt; summary { color: red; }
+&lt;/style&gt;
+&lt;details&gt;
+ &lt;summary&gt;Automated Status: Operational&lt;/summary&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Velocity: 12m/s&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Direction: North&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/details&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-summary-element><span class=secno>4.11.2 </span>The <dfn><code>summary</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As the first child of a <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Either: <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: one element of <a href=#heading-content>heading content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-summary-element>summary</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a summary, caption, or legend for the
+ rest of the contents of the <code><a href=#the-summary-element>summary</a></code> element's parent <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code>
+ element<span class=impl>, if any</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-menu-element><span class=secno>4.11.3 </span>The <dfn id=menus><code>menu</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element's <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#toolbar-state title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state: <a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element's <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup menu</a> state: as the child of a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup menu</a> state.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>If the element's <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#toolbar-state title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state: either zero or more <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> and <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a> elements, or, <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If the element's <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup menu</a> state: in any order, zero or more <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> elements, zero or more <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> elements, zero or more <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attributes are in the <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup menu</a> state, and zero or more <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Type of menu</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-menu-label><a href=#attr-menu-label>label</a></code> &mdash; User-visible label</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlmenuelement>HTMLMenuElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-menu-type title=dom-menu-type>type</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-menu-label title=dom-menu-label>label</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLMenuElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element represents a list of commands.</p>
+
+ <!-- v2 idea: <menu> element should get an icon, like <command> element -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-menu-type title=attr-menu-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated
+ attribute</a> indicating the kind of menu being declared. The attribute has two states. The
+ <code title=attr-menu-type-popup>popup</code> keyword maps to the <dfn id=popup-menu-state title="popup menu
+ state">popup menu</dfn> state, in which the element is declaring a context menu or the menu for a
+ <a href=#attr-button-type-menu-state title=attr-button-type-menu-state>menu button</a>. The <code title=attr-menu-type-toolbar>toolbar</code> keyword maps to the <dfn id=toolbar-state title="toolbar
+ state">toolbar</dfn> state, in which the element is declaring a toolbar. The attribute may also be
+ omitted. The <i>missing value default</i> is the <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup menu</a>
+ state if the parent element is a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup
+ menu</a> state; otherwise, it is the <a href=#toolbar-state title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element's <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the
+ <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup menu</a> state, then the element <a href=#represents>represents</a>
+ the commands of a popup menu, and the user can only examine and interact with the commands if that
+ popup menu is activated through some other element, either via the <code title=attr-contextmenu><a href=#attr-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code> attribute or the <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element's <code title=attr-button-menu><a href=#attr-button-menu>menu</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element's <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the
+ <a href=#toolbar-state title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state, then the element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a
+ toolbar consisting of its contents, in the form of either an unordered list of items (represented
+ by <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> elements), each of which represents a command that the user can perform or
+ activate, or, if the element has no <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element children, <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a>
+ describing available commands.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-menu-label title=attr-menu-label><code>label</code></dfn> attribute gives the label of the
+ menu. It is used by user agents to display nested menus in the UI: a context menu containing
+ another menu would use the nested menu's <code title=attr-menu-label><a href=#attr-menu-label>label</a></code> attribute for
+ the submenu's menu label. The <code title=attr-menu-label><a href=#attr-menu-label>label</a></code> attribute must only be
+ specified on <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> elements whose parent element is a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup
+ menu</a> state.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>A <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> is a <dfn id=currently-relevant-menu-element>currently relevant <code>menu</code> element</dfn> if it is the
+ child of a <a href=#currently-relevant-menu-element>currently relevant <code>menu</code> element</a>, or if it is the
+ <a href=#designated-pop-up-menu>designated pop-up menu</a> of a <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element that is not
+ <a href=#inert>inert</a>, does not have a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute, and is not
+ the descendant of an element with a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A pop-up menu consists of a list of zero or more menu items, which can be any of:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>Commands</a>, which can be marked as default commands (<code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code>)</li>
+ <li>Separators (<code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code>)</li>
+ <li>Other menus, which allows the list to be nested (<code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code>)</li>
+ </ul><p>To <dfn id=construct-and-show-a-menu>construct and show a menu</dfn> for a particular <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element and with a
+ particular element as a subject, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let the menu be an empty list of the type described above.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the <a href=#menu-builder>menu builder</a> steps for the <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element using the menu
+ prepared in the previous list as the output.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=menu-builder>menu builder</dfn> steps for a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element using a specific menu as
+ output are as follows: For each child node of the <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>,
+ run the appropriate steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the child is a <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element that <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines
+ a command</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>Append the command to the menu, respecting its <a href=#concept-facet title=concept-facet>facets</a><!-- we might need to be explicit about what this means for
+ each facet, if testing shows this isn't well-implemented. e.g.: If there's an Icon facet for
+ the command, it should be <span title="fetch">fetched</span><!- -FETCH- -> (this would be
+ http-origin privacy-sensitive), and then that image should be associated with the command, such
+ that each command only has its image fetched once, to prevent changes to the base URL from
+ having effects after the image has been fetched once. (no need to resolve the Icon facet, it's
+ an absolute URL) -->. If the <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-menuitem-default><a href=#attr-menuitem-default>default</a></code> attribute, mark the command as being a default
+ command.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the child is an <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>Append a separator to the menu.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the child is a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element with no <code title=attr-menu-label><a href=#attr-menu-label>label</a></code> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>Append a separator to the menu, then run the <a href=#menu-builder>menu builder</a> steps using this
+ child <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element for the same menu, then append another separator to the
+ menu.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the child is a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-menu-label><a href=#attr-menu-label>label</a></code> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>Create a new submenu as an empty list of the type described above, and construct it by
+ running the <a href=#menu-builder>menu builder</a> steps for the child <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element using the
+ new submenu as the output. Then, append the submenu to the menu, using the value of the child
+ <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element's <code title=attr-menu-label><a href=#attr-menu-label>label</a></code> attribute as the label
+ of the submenu.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><a href=#ignore>Ignore</a> the child node.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove any submenu with no label, or whose label is the empty string, in the menu or any
+ submenus.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove any menu item with no label, or whose label is the empty string, in the menu or any
+ submenus.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Collapse all sequences of two or more adjacent separators in the menu or any submenus to a
+ single separator.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove all separators at the start or end of the menu and any submenus.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Display the menu to the user, and let the algorithm that invoked this one continue.</p>
+
+ <p>If the user selects a menu item that corresponds to an element that still represents a <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>command</a> when the user selects it, then the UA must invoke that
+ command's <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a>. If the command's <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> is defined as <a href=#fire-a-click-event title="fire a click event">firing
+ a <code title=event-click>click</code> event</a>, either directly or via the <a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>run
+ synthetic click activation steps</a> algorithm, then the <code title=dom-MouseEvent-relatedTarget>relatedTarget</code> attribute of that <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event must be initialised to the subject passed to this
+ <a href=#construct-and-show-a-menu>construct and show a menu</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p>Pop-up menus must not, while being shown, reflect changes in the DOM. The menu is constructed
+ from the DOM before being shown, and is then immutable.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-menu-type title=dom-menu-type><code>type</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the content attribute of the same name, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-menu-label title=dom-menu-label><code>label</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, the <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element is used to describe a toolbar with three menu
+ buttons on it, each of which has a dropdown menu with a series of options:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;menu&gt; <!-- type="toolbar" implied -->
+ &lt;li&gt;
+ &lt;button type=menu value="File" menu="filemenu"&gt;
+ &lt;menu id="filemenu" type="popup"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem onclick="fnew()" label="New..."&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem onclick="fopen()" label="Open..."&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem onclick="fsave()" label="Save"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem onclick="fsaveas()" label="Save as..."&gt;
+ &lt;/menu&gt;
+ &lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;
+ &lt;button type=menu value="Edit" menu="editmenu"&gt;
+ &lt;menu id="editmenu" type="popup"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem onclick="ecopy()" label="Copy"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem onclick="ecut()" label="Cut"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem onclick="epaste()" label="Paste"&gt;
+ &lt;/menu&gt;
+ &lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;
+ &lt;button type=menu value="Help" menu="helpmenu"&gt;
+ &lt;menu id="helpmenu" type="popup"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem onclick="location='help.html'" label="Help"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem onclick="location='about.html'" label="About"&gt;
+ &lt;/menu&gt;
+ &lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/menu&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In a supporting user agent, this might look like this (assuming the user has just activated the
+ second button):</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-toolbar-1.png width=303 alt="A toolbar with three buttons, labeled 'File', 'Edit', and 'Help'; where if you select the 'Edit' button you get a drop-down menu with three more options, 'Copy', 'Cut', and 'Paste'." height=101></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-menuitem-element><span class=secno>4.11.4 </span>The <dfn><code>menuitem</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup menu</a> state.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Empty.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>No <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Type of command</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-menuitem-label><a href=#attr-menuitem-label>label</a></code> &mdash; User-visible label</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-menuitem-icon><a href=#attr-menuitem-icon>icon</a></code> &mdash; Icon for the command</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-menuitem-disabled><a href=#attr-menuitem-disabled>disabled</a></code> &mdash; Whether the form control is disabled</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-menuitem-checked><a href=#attr-menuitem-checked>checked</a></code> &mdash; Whether the command or control is checked</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-menuitem-radiogroup><a href=#attr-menuitem-radiogroup>radiogroup</a></code> &mdash; Name of group of commands to treat as a radio button group</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-menuitem-default><a href=#attr-menuitem-default>default</a></code> &mdash; Mark the command as being a default command</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-menuitem-command><a href=#attr-menuitem-command>command</a></code> &mdash; Command definition</dd>
+ <dd>Also, the <code title=attr-menuitem-title><a href=#attr-menuitem-title>title</a></code> attribute <a href=#attr-menuitem-title title=attr-menuitem-title>has special semantics</a> on this element: Hint describing the command.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlmenuitemelement>HTMLMenuItemElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-menuitem-type title=dom-menuitem-type>type</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-menuitem-label title=dom-menuitem-label>label</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-menuitem-icon title=dom-menuitem-icon>icon</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-menuitem-disabled title=dom-menuitem-disabled>disabled</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-menuitem-checked title=dom-menuitem-checked>checked</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-menuitem-radiogroup title=dom-menuitem-radiogroup>radiogroup</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-menuitem-default title=dom-menuitem-default>default</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a>? <a href=#dom-menuitem-command title=dom-menuitem-command>command</a>;
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element represents a command that the user can invoke from a popup
+ menu (either a <a href=#attr-contextmenu title=attr-contextmenu>context menu</a> or the menu of a <a href=#attr-button-type-menu-state title=attr-button-type-menu-state>menu button</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element that uses one or more of the
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-label><a href=#attr-menuitem-label>label</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-icon><a href=#attr-menuitem-icon>icon</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-disabled><a href=#attr-menuitem-disabled>disabled</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-checked><a href=#attr-menuitem-checked>checked</a></code>, and
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-radiogroup><a href=#attr-menuitem-radiogroup>radiogroup</a></code>
+ attributes defines a new command.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element that uses the <code title=attr-menuitem-command><a href=#attr-menuitem-command>command</a></code> attribute defines a command by reference to another
+ one. This allows authors to define a command once, and set its state (e.g. whether it is active or
+ disabled) in one place, and have all references to that command in the user interface change at
+ the same time.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-menuitem-command><a href=#attr-menuitem-command>command</a></code> attribute is specified, the element
+ is in the <dfn id=indirect-command>indirect command</dfn> mode. If it is not specified, it is in the <dfn id=explicit-command>explicit
+ command</dfn> mode. When the element is in the <a href=#indirect-command>indirect command</a> mode, the element
+ must not have any of the following attributes specified:
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-label><a href=#attr-menuitem-label>label</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-icon><a href=#attr-menuitem-icon>icon</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-disabled><a href=#attr-menuitem-disabled>disabled</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-checked><a href=#attr-menuitem-checked>checked</a></code>,
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-radiogroup><a href=#attr-menuitem-radiogroup>radiogroup</a></code>.
+ </p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-menuitem-type title=attr-menuitem-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute indicates the kind of
+ command: either a normal command with an associated action, or a state or option that can be
+ toggled, or a selection of one item from a list of items.</p>
+
+ <p>The attribute is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a> with three keywords and states. The "<dfn id=attr-menuitem-type-keyword-command title=attr-menuitem-type-keyword-command><code>command</code></dfn>" keyword maps to the <a href=#attr-menuitem-type-state-command title=attr-menuitem-type-state-command>Command</a> state, the "<dfn id=attr-menuitem-type-keyword-checkbox title=attr-menuitem-type-keyword-checkbox><code>checkbox</code></dfn>" keyword maps to the <a href=#attr-menuitem-type-state-checkbox title=attr-menuitem-type-state-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state, and the "<dfn id=attr-menuitem-type-keyword-radio title=attr-menuitem-type-keyword-radio><code>radio</code></dfn>" keyword maps to the <a href=#attr-menuitem-type-state-radio title=attr-menuitem-type-state-radio>Radio</a> state. The <i>missing value default</i> is the
+ <a href=#attr-menuitem-type-state-command title=attr-menuitem-type-state-command>Command</a> state.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The <dfn id=attr-menuitem-type-state-command title=attr-menuitem-type-state-command>Command</dfn> state</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a normal command with an associated action.</dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=attr-menuitem-type-state-checkbox title=attr-menuitem-type-state-checkbox>Checkbox</dfn> state</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a state or option that can be toggled.</dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=attr-menuitem-type-state-radio title=attr-menuitem-type-state-radio>Radio</dfn> state</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The element <a href=#represents>represents</a> a selection of one item from a list of items.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <dfn id=attr-menuitem-label title=attr-menuitem-label><code>label</code></dfn> attribute gives the name of the
+ command, as shown to the user. The <code title=attr-menuitem-label><a href=#attr-menuitem-label>label</a></code> attribute must
+ be specified if the element is in the <a href=#explicit-command>explicit command</a> mode. If the attribute is
+ specified, it must have a value that is not the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-menuitem-icon title=attr-menuitem-icon><code>icon</code></dfn> attribute gives a picture that
+ represents the command. If the attribute is specified, the attribute's value must contain a
+ <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>. <span class=impl>To obtain
+ the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> of the icon when the attribute's value is not the empty string, the
+ attribute's value must be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolved</a> relative to the element.
+ When the attribute is absent, or its value is the empty string, or <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolving</a> its value fails, there is no icon.</span></p> <!-- this is affected by the
+ base URL being changed, so users of this should cache the image once they've fetched it once, at
+ least until the relative url changes again -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-menuitem-disabled title=attr-menuitem-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn> attribute is a
+ <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a> that, if present, indicates that the command is not available in
+ the current state.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The distinction between <code title=attr-menuitem-disabled><a href=#attr-menuitem-disabled>disabled</a></code> and
+ <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> is subtle. A command would be disabled if, in the same
+ context, it could be enabled if only certain aspects of the situation were changed. A command
+ would be marked as hidden if, in that situation, the command will never be enabled. For example,
+ in the context menu for a water faucet, the command "open" might be disabled if the faucet is
+ already open, but the command "eat" would be marked hidden since the faucet could never be
+ eaten.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-menuitem-checked title=attr-menuitem-checked><code>checked</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a> that, if present, indicates that the command is selected. The attribute must be
+ omitted unless the <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code> attribute is in either the <a href=#attr-menuitem-type-state-checkbox title=attr-menuitem-type-state-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state or the <a href=#attr-menuitem-type-state-radio title=attr-menuitem-type-state-radio>Radio</a> state.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-menuitem-radiogroup title=attr-menuitem-radiogroup><code>radiogroup</code></dfn> attribute gives the
+ name of the group of commands that will be toggled when the command itself is toggled, for
+ commands whose <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code> attribute has the value "<code title="">radio</code>". The scope of the name is the child list of the parent element. The
+ attribute must be omitted unless the <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href=#attr-menuitem-type-state-radio title=attr-menuitem-type-state-radio>Radio</a> state. When specified, the
+ attribute's value must be a non-empty string.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>If a <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element <var title="">slave</var> has a <dfn id=attr-menuitem-command title=attr-menuitem-command><code>command</code></dfn> attribute, and there is an element in
+ <var title="">slave</var>'s <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a> whose <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> has
+ a value equal to the value of <var title="">slave</var>'s <code title=attr-menuitem-command><a href=#attr-menuitem-command>command</a></code> attribute, and the first such element in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a>, hereafter <var title="">master</var>, itself <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a
+ command</a> and either is not a <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element or does not itself have a <code title=attr-menuitem-command><a href=#attr-menuitem-command>command</a></code> attribute, then the <dfn id=master-command>master command</dfn> of <var title="">slave</var> is <var title="">master</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-menuitem-command><a href=#attr-menuitem-command>command</a></code>
+ attribute must have a <a href=#master-command>master command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This effectively defines the syntax of the attribute's value as being the ID of
+ another element that <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a command</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-menuitem-title title=attr-menuitem-title><code>title</code></dfn> attribute gives a hint describing
+ the command, which might be shown to the user to help him.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-menuitem-default title=attr-menuitem-default><code>default</code></dfn> attribute indicates, if
+ present, that the command is the one that would have been invoked if the user had directly
+ activated the menu's subject instead of using the menu. The <code title=attr-menuitem-default><a href=#attr-menuitem-default>default</a></code> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this trivial example, a submit button is given a context menu that has two options, one to
+ reset the form, and one to submit the form. The submit command is marked as being the default.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="dosearch.pl"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Enter search terms: &lt;input type="text" name="terms"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=submit contextmenu=formmenu id="submitbutton"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p hidden&gt;&lt;input type=reset id="resetbutton"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;menu type=popup id=formmenu&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem command="submitbutton" default&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem command="resetbutton"&gt;
+ &lt;/menu&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-menuitem-type title=dom-menuitem-type><code>type</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known
+ values</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-menuitem-label title=dom-menuitem-label><code>label</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-menuitem-icon title=dom-menuitem-icon><code>icon</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-menuitem-disabled title=dom-menuitem-disabled><code>disabled</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-menuitem-checked title=dom-menuitem-checked><code>checked</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-menuitem-radiogroup title=dom-menuitem-radiogroup><code>radiogroup</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-menuitem-default title=dom-menuitem-default><code>default</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-menuitem-command title=dom-menuitem-command><code>command</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the
+ <a href=#master-command>master command</a>, if any, or null otherwise.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>If the element's <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a> is false
+ (enabled) then the element's <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> depends on the element's <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code> and <code title=attr-menuitem-command><a href=#attr-menuitem-command>command</a></code>
+ attributes, as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the element has a <a href=#master-command>master command</a> set by its <code title=attr-menuitem-command><a href=#attr-menuitem-command>command</a></code> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The user agent must <a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>run synthetic click activation steps</a> on the element's
+ <a href=#master-command>master command</a>.</dd>
+ <!-- we know it has a defined <span>activation behavior</span> if we get here -->
+
+
+ <dt>If the <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-menuitem-type-state-checkbox title=attr-menuitem-type-state-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>If the element has a <code title=attr-menuitem-checked><a href=#attr-menuitem-checked>checked</a></code> attribute, the UA
+ must remove that attribute. Otherwise, the UA must add a <code title=attr-menuitem-checked><a href=#attr-menuitem-checked>checked</a></code> attribute, with the literal value <code title="">checked</code>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#attr-menuitem-type-state-radio title=attr-menuitem-type-state-radio>Radio</a> state</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>If the element has a parent, then the UA must walk the list of child nodes of that parent
+ element, and for each node that is a <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element, if that element has a <code title=attr-menuitem-radiogroup><a href=#attr-menuitem-radiogroup>radiogroup</a></code> attribute whose value exactly matches the
+ current element's (treating missing <code title=attr-menuitem-radiogroup><a href=#attr-menuitem-radiogroup>radiogroup</a></code>
+ attributes as if they were the empty string), and has a <code title=attr-menuitem-checked><a href=#attr-menuitem-checked>checked</a></code> attribute, must remove that attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Then, the element's <code title=attr-menuitem-checked><a href=#attr-menuitem-checked>checked</a></code> attribute must be set
+ to the literal value <code title="">checked</code>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The element's <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> is to do nothing.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>Firing a synthetic <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event at the element
+ does not cause any of the actions described above to happen.</p>
+
+ <!-- v2COMMAND: Expose the Triggers facet again. -->
+
+ <p>If the element's <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a> is true
+ (disabled) then the element has no <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element is not rendered except as <a href=#the-menu-element title=menu>part of a popup menu</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of a pop-up menu button with three options that let the user toggle between
+ left, center, and right alignment. One could imagine such a toolbar as part of a text editor. The
+ menu also has a separator followed by another menu item labeled "Publish", though that menu item
+ is disabled.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;button type=menu menu=editmenu&gt;Commands...&lt;/button&gt;
+&lt;menu type="popup" id="editmenu"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem type="radio" radiogroup="alignment" checked="checked"
+ label="Left" icon="icons/alL.png" onclick="setAlign('left')"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem type="radio" radiogroup="alignment"
+ label="Center" icon="icons/alC.png" onclick="setAlign('center')"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem type="radio" radiogroup="alignment"
+ label="Right" icon="icons/alR.png" onclick="setAlign('right')"&gt;
+ &lt;hr&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem type="command" disabled
+ label="Publish" icon="icons/pub.png" onclick="publish()"&gt;
+&lt;/menu&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=context-menus><span class=secno>4.11.5 </span>Context menus</h4>
+
+ <h5 id=declaring-a-context-menu><span class=secno>4.11.5.1 </span>Declaring a context menu</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-contextmenu title=attr-contextmenu><code>contextmenu</code></dfn> attribute gives the element's
+ context menu. The value must be the <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> of a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code>
+ element in the same <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a> whose <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute is in the <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup menu</a> state.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>When a user right-clicks on an element with a <code title=attr-contextmenu><a href=#attr-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code> attribute, the user agent will first fire a <code title=event-contextmenu><a href=#event-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code> event at the element, and then, if that event is not
+ canceled, a <code title=event-show><a href=#event-show>show</a></code> event at the <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of a context menu for an input control:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form name="npc"&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;Character name: &lt;input name=char type=text contextmenu=namemenu required&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;menu type=popup id=namemenu&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem label="Pick random name" onclick="document.forms.npc.elements.char.value = getRandomName()"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem label="Prefill other fields based on name" onclick="prefillFields(document.forms.npc.elements.char.value)"&gt;
+ &lt;/menu&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This adds two items to the control's context menu, one called "Pick random name", and one
+ called "Prefill other fields based on name". They invoke scripts that are not shown in the
+ example above.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=processing-model-3><span class=secno>4.11.5.2 </span>Processing model</h5>
+
+ <p>Each element has an <dfn id=assigned-context-menu>assigned context menu</dfn>, which can be null. If an element <var title="">A</var> has a <code title=attr-contextmenu><a href=#attr-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code> attribute, and there is
+ an element with the ID given by <var title="">A</var>'s <code title=attr-contextmenu><a href=#attr-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code> attribute's value in <var title="">A</var>'s
+ <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a>, and the first such element in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> is a
+ <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#popup-menu-state title="popup menu state">popup menu</a> state, then <var title="">A</var>'s <a href=#assigned-context-menu>assigned
+ context menu</a> is that element. Otherwise, if <var title="">A</var> has a parent element,
+ then <var title="">A</var>'s <a href=#assigned-context-menu>assigned context menu</a> is the <a href=#assigned-context-menu>assigned context
+ menu</a> of its parent element. Otherwise, <var title="">A</var>'s <a href=#assigned-context-menu>assigned context
+ menu</a> is null.</p>
+
+ <p>When an element's context menu is requested (e.g. by the user right-clicking the element, or
+ pressing a context menu key), the user agent must apply the appropriate rules from the following
+ list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the user requested a context menu using a pointing device</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The user agent must <a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-contextmenu><a href=#event-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code>, that bubbles and is cancelable, and that uses the
+ <code><a href=#mouseevent>MouseEvent</a></code> interface, at the element for which the menu was requested. The context
+ information of the event must be initialised to the same values as the last
+ <code><a href=#mouseevent>MouseEvent</a></code> user interaction event that was fired as part of the gesture that was
+ interpreted as a request for the context menu.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The user agent must <a href=#fire-a-synthetic-mouse-event title="fire a synthetic mouse event">fire a synthetic mouse
+ event named <code title=event-contextmenu>contextmenu</code></a> that bubbles and is
+ cancelable at the element for which the menu was requested.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>Typically, therefore, the firing of the <code title=event-contextmenu><a href=#event-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code> event will be the default action of a <code title=mouseup>mouseup</code> or <code title=event-keyup><a href=#event-keyup>keyup</a></code> event. The exact sequence
+ of events is UA-dependent, as it will vary based on platform conventions.</p>
+
+ <p>The default action of the <code title=event-contextmenu><a href=#event-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code> event depends on
+ whether or not the element for which the menu was requested has a non-null <a href=#assigned-context-menu>assigned context
+ menu</a> when the event dispatch has completed, as follows.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#assigned-context-menu>assigned context menu</a> of the element for which the menu was requested is
+ null, the default action must be for the user agent to show its default context menu, if it has
+ one.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">subject</var> be the element for which the menu was requested, and
+ let <var title="">menu</var> be the <a href=#assigned-context-menu>assigned context menu</a> of <var title="">target</var> immediately after the <code title=event-contextmenu><a href=#event-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code>
+ event's dispatch has completed. The user agent must <a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>fire</a> a
+ <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-show><a href=#event-show>show</a></code> at <var title="">menu</var>, using the <code><a href=#relatedevent>RelatedEvent</a></code>
+ interface, with the <code title=dom-RelatedEvent-relatedTarget><a href=#dom-relatedevent-relatedtarget>relatedTarget</a></code> attribute
+ initialised to <var title="">subject</var>. The event must be cancelable. <!-- v2: include
+ modifier key information --></p>
+
+ <p>If <em>this</em> event (the <code title=event-show><a href=#event-show>show</a></code> event) is not canceled, then
+ the user agent must <a href=#construct-and-show-a-menu title="construct and show a menu">construct and show</a> the menu for
+ <var title="">menu</var> with <var title="">subject</var> as the subject.</p>
+
+ <p>The user agent may also provide access to its default context menu, if any, with the context
+ menu shown. For example, it could merge the menu items from the two menus together, or provide the
+ page's context menu as a submenu of the default menu. In general, user agents are encouraged to
+ de-emphasise their own contextual menu items, so as to give the author's context menu the
+ appearance of legitimacy &mdash; to allow documents to feel like "applications" rather than "mere
+ Web pages".</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may provide means for bypassing the context menu processing model, ensuring that
+ the user can always access the UA's default context menus. For example, the user agent could
+ handle right-clicks that have the Shift key depressed in such a way that it does not fire the
+ <code title=event-contextmenu><a href=#event-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code> event and instead always shows the default
+ context menu.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-contextmenu title=dom-contextMenu><code>contextMenu</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-contextmenu><a href=#attr-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, an image of cats is given a context menu with four possible commands:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;img src="cats.jpeg" alt="Cats" contextmenu=catsmenu&gt;
+&lt;menu type="popup" id="catsmenu"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem label="Pet the kittens" onclick="kittens.pet()"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem label="Cuddle with the kittens" onclick="kittens.cuddle()"&gt;
+ &lt;menu label="Feed the kittens"&gt;<!-- note: contents of this submenu aren't visible in the pictures below -->
+ &lt;menuitem label="Fish" onclick="kittens.feed(fish)"&gt;
+ &lt;menuitem label="Chicken" onclick="kittens.feed(chicken)"&gt;
+ &lt;/menu&gt;
+&lt;/menu&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>When a user of a mouse-operated visual Web browser right-clicks on the image, the browser
+ might pop up a context menu like this:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/contextmenu-collapsed.png alt="A context menu, shown over a picture of cats, with four lines: the first two offering the menu items described in the markup above ('Pet the kittens' and 'Cuddle with the kittens'), the third giving a submenu labeled 'Feed the kittens', and the fourth, after a horizontal splitter, consisting of only a downwards-pointing disclosure triangle."><p>When the user clicks the disclosure triangle, such a user agent would expand the context menu
+ in place, to show the browser's own commands:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/contextmenu-expanded.png alt="This would result in the same basic interface, but with a longer menu; the disclosure triangle having been replaced by items such as 'View Image', 'Copy Image', 'Copy Image Location', and so forth."></div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-relatedevent-interfaces><span class=secno>4.11.5.3 </span>The <code><a href=#relatedevent>RelatedEvent</a></code> interfaces</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Constructor(DOMString type, optional <a href=#relatedeventinit>RelatedEventInit</a> eventInitDict)]
+interface <dfn id=relatedevent>RelatedEvent</dfn> : <a href=#event>Event</a> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a>? <a href=#dom-relatedevent-relatedtarget title=dom-RelatedEvent-relatedTarget>relatedTarget</a>;
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=relatedeventinit>RelatedEventInit</dfn> : <a href=#eventinit>EventInit</a> {
+ <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a>? relatedTarget;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-RelatedEvent-relatedTarget><a href=#dom-relatedevent-relatedtarget>relatedTarget</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the other event target involved in this event. For example, when a <code title=event-show><a href=#event-show>show</a></code> event fires on a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element, the other event
+ target involved in the event would be the element for which the menu is being shown.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-relatedevent-relatedtarget title=dom-RelatedEvent-relatedTarget><code>relatedTarget</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be
+ initialised to null. It represents the other event target that is related to the event.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=commands><span class=secno>4.11.6 </span>Commands</h4>
+
+ <h5 id=facets-0><span class=secno>4.11.6.1 </span>Facets</h5>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-command title=concept-command>command</dfn> is the abstraction behind menu items, buttons, and
+ links. Once a command is defined, other parts of the interface can refer to the same command,
+ allowing many access points to a single feature to share facets such as the <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a>.</p>
+
+ <p id=facets>Commands are defined to have the following <dfn id=concept-facet title=concept-facet>facets</dfn>:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>The kind of command: "command", meaning it is a normal command; "radio", meaning that
+ triggering the command will, amongst other things, set the <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a> to true (and probably uncheck some other
+ commands); or "checkbox", meaning that triggering the command will, amongst other things, toggle
+ the value of the <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>ID</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>The name of the command, for referring to the command from the markup or from script. If a
+ command has no ID, it is an <dfn id=anonymous-command>anonymous command</dfn>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>The name of the command as seen by the user.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>A helpful or descriptive string that can be shown to the user.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>An <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> identifying a graphical image that represents the action. A
+ command might not have an Icon.</dd> <!-- changing base URLs might change the icon -->
+
+ <dt><dfn id=command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>Access Key</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>A key combination selected by the user agent that triggers the command. A command might not
+ have an Access Key.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>Whether the command is hidden or not (basically, whether it should be shown in menus).</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>Whether the command is relevant and can be triggered or not.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>Whether the command is checked or not.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>The actual effect that triggering the command will have. This could be a scripted event
+ handler, a <a href=#url>URL</a> to which to <a href=#navigate>navigate</a>, or a form submission.</dd>
+
+<!-- v2COMMAND
+ <dt><dfn title="command-facet-Triggers">Triggers</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>The list of elements that can trigger the command. The element defining a command is always
+ in the list of elements that can trigger the command. For anonymous commands, only the element
+ defining the command is on the list, since other elements have no way to refer to it.</dd>
+-->
+
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs--><p>These facets are exposed on elements using the <dfn id=command-api>command API</dfn>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-command-ro-commandType><a href=#dom-command-ro-commandtype>commandType</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Exposes the <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> facet of the command.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-Element-id><a href=#dom-element-id>id</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Exposes the <a href=#command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>ID</a> facet of the command.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-command-ro-commandLabel><a href=#dom-command-ro-commandlabel>commandLabel</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Exposes the <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> facet of the command.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-title><a href=#dom-title>title</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Exposes the <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> facet of the command.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-command-ro-commandIcon><a href=#dom-command-ro-commandicon>commandIcon</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Exposes the <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> facet of the command.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-accessKeyLabel><a href=#dom-accesskeylabel>accessKeyLabel</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Exposes the <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>Access Key</a> facet of the command.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-command-ro-commandHidden><a href=#dom-command-ro-commandhidden>commandHidden</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Exposes the <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a> facet of the command.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-command-ro-commandDisabled><a href=#dom-command-ro-commanddisabled>commandDisabled</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Exposes the <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a> facet of the command.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-command-ro-commandChecked><a href=#dom-command-ro-commandchecked>commandChecked</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Exposes the <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a> facet of the command.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-click><a href=#dom-click>click</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Triggers the <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> of the command.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+<!--v2COMMAND
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title="dom-command-ro-commandTriggers">commandTriggers</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Exposes the <span title="command-facet-Triggers">Triggers</span> facet of the command.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+-->
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-command-ro-commandtype title=dom-command-ro-commandType><code>commandType</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return a string whose value is either "<code title="">command</code>", "<code title="">radio</code>", or "<code title="">checkbox</code>", depending on whether the <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> of the command defined by the element is "command",
+ "radio", or "checkbox" respectively. If the element does not define a command, it must return
+ null.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-command-ro-commandlabel title=dom-command-ro-commandLabel><code>commandLabel</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the command's <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a>, or null if the element does
+ not define a command or does not specify a <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-command-ro-commandicon title=dom-command-ro-commandIcon><code>commandIcon</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> of the command's <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a>. If the element does not specify an icon, or if the element
+ does not define a command, then the attribute must return null.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-command-ro-commandhidden title=dom-command-ro-commandHidden><code>commandHidden</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return true if the command's <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a> is that
+ the command is hidden, and false if the command is not hidden. If the element does not define a
+ command, the attribute must return null.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-command-ro-commanddisabled title=dom-command-ro-commandDisabled><code>commandDisabled</code></dfn> attribute
+ must return true if the command's <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a>
+ is that the command is disabled, and false if the command is not disabled. This attribute is not
+ affected by the command's <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a>. If the
+ element does not define a command, the attribute must return null.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-command-ro-commandchecked title=dom-command-ro-commandChecked><code>commandChecked</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return true if the command's <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a> is that
+ the command is checked, and false if it is that the command is not checked. If the element does
+ not define a command, the attribute must return null.</p>
+
+<!--v2COMMAND
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-command-ro-commandTriggers"><code>commandTriggers</code></dfn> attribute
+ must return a list containing the elements that can trigger the command (the command's <span
+ title="command-facet-Triggers">Triggers</span>). The list must be <span>live</span>. The same
+ object must be returned each time. While the element does not define a command, the list must be
+ empty.</p>
+-->
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>ID</a> facet is exposed by the <code title=dom-Element-id><a href=#dom-element-id>id</a></code> IDL attribute, the <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a>
+ facet is exposed by the <code title=dom-title><a href=#dom-title>title</a></code> IDL attribute, and the <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>AccessKey</a> facet is exposed by the <code title=dom-accessKeyLabel><a href=#dom-accesskeylabel>accessKeyLabel</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-commands><a href=#dom-document-commands>commands</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> of the elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that
+ define commands and have IDs.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-commands title=dom-document-commands><code>commands</code></dfn> attribute of the document's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> interface must return an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node, whose filter matches only elements that <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>define commands</a> and have <a href=#command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>IDs</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <hr><p id=expose-commands-in-ui>User agents may expose the <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>commands</a> that match the following criteria:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>The <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a> facet is false (visible)</li>
+
+ <li>The element is <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a> that has an associated <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Neither the element nor any of its ancestors has a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code>
+ attribute specified.</li>
+
+ <li>The element is not a <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element, or it is a child of a <a href=#currently-relevant-menu-element>currently
+ relevant <code>menu</code> element</a>, or it has an <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-accesskey>Access Key</a>.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>User agents are encouraged to do this especially for commands that have <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>Access Keys</a>, as a way to advertise those keys to the
+ user.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, such commands could be listed in the user agent's menu bar.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=using-the-a-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.2 </span><dfn title=a-command>Using the <code>a</code> element to define a command</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element with an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> of the command is "command".</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>ID</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute of the element, if the attribute is present and not empty.
+ Otherwise the command is an <a href=#anonymous-command>anonymous command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> of the command is the string given by the
+ element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute of the element. If the attribute is not present, the
+ <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> is the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> of the command is the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> obtained from <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> the value of the <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute of the first <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element descendant of the
+ element in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, relative to that element, if there is such an element and
+ resolving its attribute is successful. Otherwise, there is no <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> for the command.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>AccessKey</a> of the command is the element's
+ <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a> of the command is true (hidden)
+ if the element has a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a> facet of the command is
+ true if the element or one of its ancestors is <a href=#inert>inert</a>, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a> of the command is always
+ false. (The command is never checked.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> of the command, if the element has a
+ defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>, is to <a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>run synthetic click activation steps</a>
+ on the element. Otherwise, it is just to <a href=#fire-a-click-event>fire a <code title=event-click>click</code>
+ event</a> at the element.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=using-the-button-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.3 </span><dfn title=button-command>Using the <code>button</code> element to define a command</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element always <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a
+ command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a>, <a href=#command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>ID</a>,
+ <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a>, <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a>,
+ <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a>, <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>Access
+ Key</a>, <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a>, <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a>, and <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> facets of the command are determined <a href=#using-the-a-element-to-define-a-command title=a-command>as for <code>a</code> elements</a> (see the previous section).</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a> of the command is true if
+ the element or one of its ancestors is <a href=#inert>inert</a>, or if the element's <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a> state is set, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=using-the-input-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.4 </span><dfn title=input-command>Using the <code>input</code> element to define a command</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ one of the <a href="#submit-button-state-(type=submit)" title=attr-input-type-submit>Submit Button</a>, <a href="#reset-button-state-(type=reset)" title=attr-input-type-reset>Reset Button</a>, <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image
+ Button</a>, <a href="#button-state-(type=button)" title=attr-input-type-button>Button</a>, <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a>, or <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> states <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a
+ command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> of the command is "radio" if the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio
+ Button</a> state, "checkbox" if the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state, and "command" otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>ID</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute of the element, if the attribute is present and not empty.
+ Otherwise the command is an <a href=#anonymous-command>anonymous command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> of the command depends on the Type of the
+ command:</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> is "command", then it is the string given
+ by the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if any, and a UA-dependent,
+ locale-dependent value that the UA uses to label the button itself if the attribute is absent.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> is "radio" or "checkbox". If the
+ element is a <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a>, the <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> of the first
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> whose <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a> is the
+ element in question is the <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> (in DOM terms, this is
+ the string given by <code><var title="">element</var>.labels[0].textContent</code>). Otherwise,
+ the value of the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if present, is the <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a>. Otherwise, the <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> is the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute of the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element. If the attribute is
+ not present, the <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> is the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, and the element has a <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute, and that attribute's value can be successfully <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolved</a> relative to the element, then the <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> of the command is the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> obtained
+ from resolving that attribute that way. Otherwise, there is no <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> for the command.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>AccessKey</a> of the command is the element's
+ <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a> of the command is true (hidden)
+ if the element has a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a> of the command is true if
+ the element or one of its ancestors is <a href=#inert>inert</a>, or if the element's <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a> state is set, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a> of the command is true if the
+ command is of <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> "radio" or "checkbox" and the element
+ is <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checked</a> attribute, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> of the command, if the element has a
+ defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>, is to <a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>run synthetic click activation steps</a>
+ on the element. Otherwise, it is just to <a href=#fire-a-click-event>fire a <code title=event-click>click</code>
+ event</a> at the element.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=using-the-option-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.5 </span><dfn title=option-command>Using the <code>option</code> element to define a command</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element with an ancestor <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element and either no <code title=attr-option-value><a href=#attr-option-value>value</a></code> attribute or a <code title=attr-option-value><a href=#attr-option-value>value</a></code>
+ attribute that is not the empty string <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> of the command is "radio" if the
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>'s nearest ancestor <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute, and "checkbox" if it does.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>ID</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute of the element, if the attribute is present and not empty.
+ Otherwise the command is an <a href=#anonymous-command>anonymous command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> of the command is the value of the
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element's <code title=attr-option-label><a href=#attr-option-label>label</a></code> attribute, if there is
+ one, or else the value of <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute,
+ with <a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace title="strip leading and trailing whitespace">leading and trailing whitespace
+ stripped</a>, and with any sequences of two or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space
+ characters</a> replaced by a single U+0020 SPACE character.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> of the command is the string given by the
+ element's <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute, if any, and the empty string if the
+ attribute is absent.</p>
+
+ <p>There is no <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> for the command.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>AccessKey</a> of the command is the element's
+ <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a> of the command is true (hidden)
+ if the element has a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a> of the command is true if
+ the element is <a href=#concept-option-disabled title=concept-option-disabled>disabled</a>, or if its nearest ancestor
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element is <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>, or if it or one
+ of its ancestors is <a href=#inert>inert</a>, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a> of the command is true
+ (checked) if the element's <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> is true,
+ and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> of the command depends on its <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a>. If the command is of <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> "radio" then it must <a href=#concept-select-pick title=concept-select-pick>pick</a> the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element. Otherwise, it must <a href=#concept-select-toggle title=concept-select-toggle>toggle</a> the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=using-the-menuitem-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.6 </span>Using the <dfn title=command-element><code>menuitem</code></dfn> element to define a
+ command</h5>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element that does not have a <code title=attr-menuitem-command><a href=#attr-menuitem-command>command</a></code> attribute <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a
+ command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> of the command is "radio" if the
+ <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code>'s <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code> attribute is
+ "<code>radio</code>", "checkbox" if the attribute's value is "<code>checkbox</code>", and
+ "command" otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>ID</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute of the element, if the attribute is present and not empty.
+ Otherwise the command is an <a href=#anonymous-command>anonymous command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> of the command is the value of the element's
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-label><a href=#attr-menuitem-label>label</a></code> attribute, if there is one, or the empty string if
+ it doesn't.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> of the command is the string given by the
+ element's <code title=attr-menuitem-title><a href=#attr-menuitem-title>title</a></code> attribute, if any, and the empty string
+ if the attribute is absent.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> for the command is the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> obtained from <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> the value of the element's
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-icon><a href=#attr-menuitem-icon>icon</a></code> attribute, relative to the element, if it has such an
+ attribute and resolving it is successful. Otherwise, there is no <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> for the command.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>AccessKey</a> of the command is the element's
+ <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a> of the command is true (hidden)
+ if the element has a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a> of the command is true if
+ the element or one of its ancestors is <a href=#inert>inert</a>, or if the element has a <code title=attr-menuitem-disabled><a href=#attr-menuitem-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a> of the command is true
+ (checked) if the element has a <code title=attr-menuitem-checked><a href=#attr-menuitem-checked>checked</a></code> attribute, and
+ false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> of the command, if the element has a
+ defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a><!-- it doesn't if the element is disabled -->, is to
+ <a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>run synthetic click activation steps</a> on the element. Otherwise, it is just to
+ <a href=#fire-a-click-event>fire a <code title=event-click>click</code> event</a> at the element.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=using-the-command-attribute-on-menuitem-elements-to-define-a-command-indirectly><span class=secno>4.11.6.7 </span><dfn title=command-menuitem-command>Using the <code title=attr-menuitem-command>command</code> attribute on <code>menuitem</code> elements to define
+ a command indirectly</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element with a <a href=#master-command>master command</a> <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> of the command is the <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> of the <a href=#master-command>master command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>ID</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute of the element, if the attribute is present and not empty.
+ Otherwise the command is an <a href=#anonymous-command>anonymous command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> of the command is the <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> of the <a href=#master-command>master command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element has a <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute, then the <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> of the command is the value of that <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute. Otherwise, the <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> of the command is the <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> of the <a href=#master-command>master command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> of the command is the <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> of the <a href=#master-command>master command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>AccessKey</a> of the command is the element's
+ <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a> of the command is the <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a> of the <a href=#master-command>master command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a> of the command is the <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a> of the <a href=#master-command>master command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a> of the command is the <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a> of the <a href=#master-command>master command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> of the command is to invoke the <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> of the <a href=#master-command>master command</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=using-the-accesskey-attribute-on-a-label-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.8 </span><dfn title=label-command>Using the <code title=attr-accesskey>accesskey</code> attribute
+ on a <code>label</code> element to define a command</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element that has an <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a> and a <a href=#labeled-control>labeled
+ control</a> and whose <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a> <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a
+ command</a>, itself <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> of the command is "command".</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>ID</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute of the element, if the attribute is present and not empty.
+ Otherwise the command is an <a href=#anonymous-command>anonymous command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> of the command is the string given by the
+ element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute of the element.</p>
+
+ <p>There is no <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> for the command.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>AccessKey</a> of the command is the element's
+ <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a>, <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a>, and <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> facets of the command are the same as the respective
+ facets of the element's <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a> of the command is always
+ false. (The command is never checked.)</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=using-the-accesskey-attribute-on-a-legend-element-to-define-a-command><span class=secno>4.11.6.9 </span><dfn title=legend-command>Using the <code title=attr-accesskey>accesskey</code> attribute
+ on a <code>legend</code> element to define a command</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element that has an <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a> and is a child of a
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element that has a descendant that is not a descendant of the
+ <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element and is neither a <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element nor a <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code>
+ element but that <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a command</a>, itself <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> of the command is "command".</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>ID</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute of the element, if the attribute is present and not empty.
+ Otherwise the command is an <a href=#anonymous-command>anonymous command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> of the command is the string given by the
+ element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute of the element.</p>
+
+ <p>There is no <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> for the command.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>AccessKey</a> of the command is the element's
+ <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a>, <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a>, and <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> facets of the command are the same as the respective
+ facets of the first element in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> that is a descendant of the parent of the
+ <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element that <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a command</a> but is not
+ a descendant of the <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element and is neither a <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> nor a
+ <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a> of the command is always
+ false. (The command is never checked.)</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=using-the-accesskey-attribute-to-define-a-command-on-other-elements><span class=secno>4.11.6.10 </span><dfn title=accesskey-command>Using the <code title=attr-accesskey>accesskey</code>
+ attribute to define a command on other elements</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>An element that has an <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a> <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a
+ command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If one of the earlier sections that define elements that <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>define
+ commands</a> define that this element <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a command</a>,
+ then that section applies to this element, and this section does not. Otherwise, this section
+ applies to that element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-type title=command-facet-Type>Type</a> of the command is "command".</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-id title=command-facet-ID>ID</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute of the element, if the attribute is present and not empty.
+ Otherwise the command is an <a href=#anonymous-command>anonymous command</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> of the command depends on the element. If
+ the element is a <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a>, the <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> of the first
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> whose <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a> is the
+ element in question is the <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> (in DOM terms, this is
+ the string given by <code><var title="">element</var>.labels[0].textContent</code>). Otherwise,
+ the <a href=#command-facet-label title=command-facet-Label>Label</a> is the <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> of the element
+ itself.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> of the command is the value of the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute of the element. If the attribute is not present, the
+ <a href=#command-facet-hint title=command-facet-Hint>Hint</a> is the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>There is no <a href=#command-facet-icon title=command-facet-Icon>Icon</a> for the command.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-accesskey title=command-facet-AccessKey>AccessKey</a> of the command is the element's
+ <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a> of the command is true (hidden)
+ if the element has a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a> of the command is true if
+ the element or one of its ancestors is <a href=#inert>inert</a>, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-checkedstate title=command-facet-CheckedState>Checked State</a> of the command is always
+ false. (The command is never checked.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> of the command is to run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Run the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing steps</a> for the element.</li>
+
+ <li>If the element has a defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>, <a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>run synthetic click
+ activation steps</a> on the element.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if the element does not have a defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>,
+ <a href=#fire-a-click-event>fire a <code title=event-click>click</code> event</a> at the element.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-dialog-element><span class=secno>4.11.7 </span>The <dfn><code>dialog</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#sectioning-root>Sectioning root</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#flow-content>flow content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code> &mdash; Whether the dialog box is showing</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmldialogelement>HTMLDialogElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-dialog-open title=dom-dialog-open>open</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-dialog-returnvalue title=dom-dialog-returnValue>returnValue</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-dialog-show title=dom-dialog-show>show</a>(optional (<a href=#mouseevent>MouseEvent</a> or <a href=#element>Element</a>) anchor);
+ void <a href=#dom-dialog-showmodal title=dom-dialog-showModal>showModal</a>(optional (<a href=#mouseevent>MouseEvent</a> or <a href=#element>Element</a>) anchor);
+ void <a href=#dom-dialog-close title=dom-dialog-close>close</a>(optional DOMString returnValue);
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element represents a part of an application that a user interacts with
+ to perform a task, for example a dialog box, inspector, or window.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-dialog-open title=attr-dialog-open><code>open</code></dfn> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. When specified, it indicates that the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element is active and
+ that the user can interact with it.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element without an <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code> attribute
+ specified should not be shown to the user. This requirement may be implemented indirectly through
+ the style layer. For example, user agents that <a href=#renderingUA>support the suggested
+ default rendering</a> implement this requirement using the CSS rules described in the <a href=#rendering>rendering section</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute must not be specified on
+ <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">dialog</var> . <code title=dom-dialog-show><a href=#dom-dialog-show>show</a></code>( [ <var title="">anchor</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Displays the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The argument, if provided, provides an anchor point to which the element will be fixed.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">dialog</var> . <code title=dom-dialog-showModal><a href=#dom-dialog-showmodal>showModal</a></code>( [ <var title="">anchor</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Displays the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element and makes it the top-most modal dialog.</p>
+
+ <p>The argument, if provided, provides an anchor point to which the element will be fixed.</p>
+
+ <p>This method honors the <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">dialog</var> . <code title=dom-dialog-close><a href=#dom-dialog-close>close</a></code>( [ <var title="">result</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Closes the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The argument, if provided, provides a return value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">dialog</var> . <code title=dom-dialog-returnValue><a href=#dom-dialog-returnvalue>returnValue</a></code> [ = <var title="">result</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code>'s return value.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to update the return value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><!--ADD-TOPIC:CSS--><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-dialog-show title=dom-dialog-show><code>show()</code></dfn> method is invoked, the user
+ agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element already has an <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code> attribute, then
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add an <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code> attribute to the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code>
+ element, whose value is the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code title=dom-dialog-show><a href=#dom-dialog-show>show()</a></code> method was invoked with an argument,
+ <a href=#set-up-the-position>set up the position</a> of the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element, using that argument as the
+ anchor. Otherwise, set the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> to the <a href=#normal-alignment>normal alignment</a> mode.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the <a href=#dialog-focusing-steps>dialog focusing steps</a> for the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>Each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has a stack of <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> elements known as the
+ <dfn id=pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog stack</dfn>. When a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created, this stack must be
+ initialised to be empty.</p>
+
+ <p>When an element is added to the <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog stack</a>, it must also be added to the
+ <a href=#top-layer>top layer</a> layer. When an element is removed from the <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog
+ stack</a>, it must be removed from the <a href=#top-layer>top layer</a>. <a href=#refsFULLSCREEN>[FULLSCREEN]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-dialog-showmodal title=dom-dialog-showModal><code>showModal()</code></dfn> method is invoked,
+ the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">subject</var> be the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element on which the method was
+ invoked.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">subject</var> already has an <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code>
+ attribute, then throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">subject</var> is not <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a>, then throw
+ an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add an <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code> attribute to <var title="">subject</var>, whose value is the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code title=dom-dialog-showModal><a href=#dom-dialog-showmodal>showModal()</a></code> method was invoked with an
+ argument, <a href=#set-up-the-position>set up the position</a> of <var title="">subject</var>, using that argument
+ as the anchor. Otherwise, set the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> to the <a href=#centered-alignment>centered alignment</a>
+ mode.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">subject</var>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> be <a href=#blocked-by-a-modal-dialog title="blocked by a
+ modal dialog">blocked by the modal dialog</a> <var title="">subject</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Push <var title="">subject</var> onto <var title="">subject</var>'s
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog stack</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the <a href=#dialog-focusing-steps>dialog focusing steps</a> for <var title="">subject</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dialog-focusing-steps>dialog focusing steps</dfn> for a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element <var title="">subject</var> are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If for some reason <var title="">subject</var> is not a <a href=#control-group-owner>control group owner</a>
+ at this point, or if it is <a href=#inert>inert</a>, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">control</var> be the first non-<a href=#inert>inert</a> <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> in
+ <var title="">subject</var>'s <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> whose <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> has an <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code> attribute specified.</p>
+
+ <p>If there isn't one, then let <var title="">control</var> be the first non-<a href=#inert>inert</a>
+ <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> in <var title="">subject</var>'s <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If there isn't one of those either, then let <var title="">control</var> be <var title="">subject</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing steps</a> for <var title="">control</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>If at any time a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element is <a href=#remove-an-element-from-a-document title="remove an element from a
+ document">removed from a <code>Document</code></a>, then if that <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> is in that
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog stack</a>, the following steps must be run:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">subject</var> be that <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element and <var title="">document</var> be the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> from which it is being removed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove <var title="">subject</var> from <var title="">document</var>'s <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending
+ dialog stack</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">document</var>'s <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog stack</a> is not empty, then let
+ <var title="">document</var> be <a href=#blocked-by-a-modal-dialog title="blocked by a modal dialog">blocked by the modal
+ dialog</a> that is at the top of <var title="">document</var>'s <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog
+ stack</a>. Otherwise, let <var title="">document</var> be no longer <a href=#blocked-by-a-modal-dialog>blocked by a modal
+ dialog</a> at all.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the <dfn id=dom-dialog-close title=dom-dialog-close><code>close()</code></dfn> method is invoked, the user
+ agent must <a href=#close-the-dialog>close the dialog</a> that the method was invoked on. If the method was invoked
+ with an argument, that argument must be used as the return value; otherwise, there is no return
+ value.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element <var title="">subject</var> is to be <dfn id=close-the-dialog title="close the
+ dialog">closed</dfn>, optionally with a return value <var title="">result</var>, the user agent
+ must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">subject</var> does not have an <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code>
+ attribute, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove <var title="">subject</var>'s <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code>
+ attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the argument <var title="">result</var> was provided, then set the <code title=dom-dialog-returnValue><a href=#dom-dialog-returnvalue>returnValue</a></code> attribute to the value of <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">subject</var> is in its <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog
+ stack</a>, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Remove <var title="">subject</var> from that <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog stack</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If that <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog stack</a> is not empty, then let <var title="">subject</var>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> be <a href=#blocked-by-a-modal-dialog title="blocked by a modal
+ dialog">blocked by the modal dialog</a> that is at the top of the <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog
+ stack</a>. Otherwise, let <var title="">document</var> be no longer <a href=#blocked-by-a-modal-dialog>blocked by a modal
+ dialog</a> at all.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code> at <var title="">subject</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs--><p>The <dfn id=dom-dialog-returnvalue title=dom-dialog-returnValue><code>returnValue</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on
+ getting, must return the last value to which it was set. On setting, it must be set to the new
+ value. When the element is created, it must be set to the empty string.</p>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <hr><p><strong>Canceling dialogs</strong>: When a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog
+ stack</a> is not empty, user agents may provide a user interface that, upon activation, <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queues a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-cancel><a href=#event-cancel>cancel</a></code> that is cancelable at the top <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element on
+ the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog stack</a>. The default action of this event
+ must be to check if that element has an <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code> attribute, and
+ if it does, <a href=#close-the-dialog>close the dialog</a> with no return value.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>An example of such a UI mechanism would be the user pressing the "Escape" key.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>All <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> elements are always in one of three modes: <dfn id=normal-alignment>normal alignment</dfn>,
+ <dfn id=centered-alignment>centered alignment</dfn>, and <dfn id=magic-alignment>magic alignment</dfn>. When a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element
+ is created, it must be placed in the <a href=#normal-alignment>normal alignment</a> mode. In this mode, normal CSS
+ requirements apply to the element. The <a href=#centered-alignment>centered alignment</a> mode is only used for
+ <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> elements that are in the <a href=#top-layer>top layer</a>. <a href=#refsFULLSCREEN>[FULLSCREEN]</a> <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When an element <var title="">subject</var> is placed in <a href=#centered-alignment>centered alignment</a> mode,
+ and when it is in that mode and has new rendering boxes created, the user agent must set up the
+ element such that its top static position, for the purposes of calculating the used value of the
+ 'top' property, is the value that would place the element's top margin edge as far from the top of
+ the viewport as the element's bottom margin edge from the bottom of the viewport, if the element's
+ height is less than the height of the viewport, and otherwise is the value that would place the
+ element's top margin edge at the top of the viewport.</p>
+
+ <p>If there is a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element with <a href=#centered-alignment>centered alignment</a> and that is
+ <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a> when its <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> changes viewport width (as
+ measured in CSS pixels), then the user agent must recreate the element's boxes, recalculating its
+ top static position as in the previous paragraph.</p>
+
+ <p>This top static position of a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element with <a href=#centered-alignment>centered alignment</a>
+ must remain the element's top static position until its boxes are recreated. (The element's static
+ position is only used in calculating the used value of the 'top' property in certain situations;
+ it's not used, for instance, to position the element if its 'position' property is set to
+ 'static'.)</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=set-up-the-position>set up the position</dfn> of an element <var title="">subject</var> using an anchor <var title="">anchor</var>, it must run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">anchor</var> is a <code><a href=#mouseevent>MouseEvent</a></code> object, then run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">anchor</var>'s target element does not have a rendered box, or is in a
+ different document than <var title="">subject</var>, then let <var title="">subject</var> be
+ in the <a href=#centered-alignment>centered alignment</a> mode, and abort the <a href=#set-up-the-position>set up the position</a>
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">anchor element</var> be an anonymous element rendered as a box with
+ zero height and width (so its margin and border boxes both just form a point), positioned so
+ that its top and left are at the coordinate identified by the event, and whose properties all
+ compute to their initial values.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, let <var title="">anchor element</var> be <var title="">anchor</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Put <var title="">subject</var> in the <a href=#magic-alignment>magic alignment</a> mode, aligned to <var title="">anchor element</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>While an element <var title="">A</var> has <a href=#magic-alignment>magic alignment</a>, aligned to an element
+ <var title="">B</var>, the following requirements apply:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>
+
+ <p>If at any time either <var title="">A</var> or <var title="">B</var> cease having rendered
+ boxes, <var title="">A</var> and <var title="">B</var> cease being in the same
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, or <var title="">B</var> ceases being earlier than <var title="">A</var> in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, then, if <var title="">subject</var> is in the
+ <a href=#pending-dialog-stack>pending dialog stack</a>, let <var title="">subject</var>'s mode become <a href=#centered-alignment>centered
+ alignment</a>, otherwise, let <var title="">subject</var>'s mode become <a href=#normal-alignment>normal
+ alignment</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><var title="">A</var>'s 'position' property must compute to the keyword '<a href=#css-position-absolute-anchored title=css-position-absolute-anchored>absolute-anchored</a>' rather than whatever it would
+ otherwise compute to (i.e. the 'position' property's specified value is ignored).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The '<a href=#css-position-absolute-anchored title=css-position-absolute-anchored>absolute-anchored</a>'
+ keyword's requirements are described below.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The anchor points for <var title="">A</var> and <var title="">B</var> are defined as per the
+ appropriate entry in the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the computed value of 'anchor-point' is 'none' on both <var title="">A</var> and <var title="">B</var>
+
+ <dd>
+ <p>The anchor points of <var title="">A</var> and <var title="">B</var> are the center points
+ of their respective first boxes' border boxes.
+
+
+ <dt>If the computed value of 'anchor-point' is 'none' on <var title="">A</var> and a specific
+ point on <var title="">B</var>
+
+ <dd>
+ <p>The anchor point of <var title="">B</var> is the point given by its 'anchor-point'
+ property.
+
+ <p>If the anchor point of <var title="">B</var> is the center point of <var title="">B</var>'s
+ first box's border box, then <var title="">A</var>'s anchor point is the center point of its
+ first box's margin box.
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <var title="">A</var>'s anchor point is on one of its margin edges. Consider
+ four hypothetical half-infinite lines L1, L2, L3, and L4 that each start in the center of <var title="">B</var>'s first box's border box, and that extend respectively through the top left
+ corner, top right corner, bottom right corner, and bottom left corner of <var title="">B</var>'s first box's border box. <var title="">A</var>'s anchor point is determined
+ by the location of <var title="">B</var>'s anchor point relative to these four hypothetical
+ lines, as follows:
+
+ <p>If the anchor point of <var title="">B</var> lies on L1 or L2, or inside the area bounded
+ by L1 and L2 that also contains the points above <var title="">B</var>'s first box's border
+ box, then let <var title="">A</var>'s anchor point be the horizontal center of <var title="">A</var>'s bottom margin edge.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the anchor point of <var title="">B</var> lies on L3 or L4, or inside the
+ area bounded by L4 and L4 that also contains the points below <var title="">B</var>'s first
+ box's border box, then let <var title="">A</var>'s anchor point be the horizontal center of
+ <var title="">A</var>'s top margin edge.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the anchor point of <var title="">B</var> lies inside the area bounded by L4
+ and L1 that also contains the points to the left of <var title="">B</var>'s first box's border
+ box, then let <var title="">A</var>'s anchor point be the vertical center of <var title="">A</var>'s right margin edge.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the anchor point of <var title="">B</var> lies inside the area bounded by L2 and
+ L3 that also contains the points to the right of <var title="">B</var>'s first box's border
+ box; let <var title="">A</var>'s anchor point be the vertical center of <var title="">A</var>'s left margin edge.</p>
+
+
+ <dt>If the computed value of 'anchor-point' is a specific point on <var title="">A</var> and
+ 'none' on <var title="">B</var>
+
+ <dd>
+ <p>The anchor point of <var title="">A</var> is the point given by its 'anchor-point'
+ property.
+
+ <p>If the anchor point of <var title="">A</var> is the center point of <var title="">A</var>'s
+ first box's margin box, then <var title="">B</var>'s anchor point is the center point of its
+ first box's border box.
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <var title="">B</var>'s anchor point is on one of its border edges. Consider
+ four hypothetical half-infinite lines L1, L2, L3, and L4 that each start in the center of <var title="">A</var>'s first box's margin box, and that extend respectively through the top left
+ corner, top right corner, bottom right corner, and bottom left corner of <var title="">A</var>'s first box's margin box. <var title="">B</var>'s anchor point is determined
+ by the location of <var title="">A</var>'s anchor point relative to these four hypothetical
+ lines, as follows:
+
+ <p>If the anchor point of <var title="">A</var> lies on L1 or L2, or inside the area bounded
+ by L1 and L2 that also contains the points above <var title="">A</var>'s first box's margin
+ box, then let <var title="">B</var>'s anchor point be the horizontal center of <var title="">B</var>'s bottom border edge.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the anchor point of <var title="">A</var> lies on L3 or L4, or inside the
+ area bounded by L4 and L4 that also contains the points below <var title="">A</var>'s first
+ box's margin box, then let <var title="">B</var>'s anchor point be the horizontal center of
+ <var title="">B</var>'s top border edge.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the anchor point of <var title="">A</var> lies inside the area bounded by L4
+ and L1 that also contains the points to the left of <var title="">A</var>'s first box's margin
+ box, then let <var title="">B</var>'s anchor point be the vertical center of <var title="">B</var>'s right border edge.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the anchor point of <var title="">A</var> lies inside the area bounded by L2 and
+ L3 that also contains the points to the right of <var title="">A</var>'s first box's margin
+ box; let <var title="">B</var>'s anchor point be the vertical center of <var title="">B</var>'s left border edge.</p>
+
+
+ <dt>If the computed value of 'anchor-point' is a specific point on both <var title="">A</var>
+ and <var title="">B</var>
+
+ <dd>
+ <p>The anchor points of <var title="">A</var> and <var title="">B</var> are the points given
+ by their respective 'anchor-point' properties.
+
+ </dl><p class=note>The rules above generally use <var title="">A</var>'s <em>margin</em> box, but
+ <var title="">B</var>'s <em>border</em> box. This is because while <var title="">A</var> always
+ has a margin box, and using the margin box allows for the dialog to be positioned offset from
+ the box it is annotating, <var title="">B</var> sometimes does not have a margin box (e.g. if it
+ is a table-cell), or has a margin box whose position may be not entirely clear (e.g. in the face
+ of margin collapsing and 'clear' handling of in-flow blocks).</p>
+
+ <p>In cases where <var title="">B</var> does not have a border box but its border box is used by
+ the algorithm above, user agents must use its first box's content area instead. (This is in
+ particular an issue with boxes in tables that have 'border-collapse' set to 'collapse'.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>When an element's 'position' property computes to '<dfn id=css-position-absolute-anchored title=css-position-absolute-anchored>absolute-anchored</dfn>', the 'float' property does not
+ apply and must compute to 'none', the 'display' property must compute to a value as described by
+ the table in <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/visuren.html#dis-pos-flo>the section of CSS
+ 2.1 describing the <cite>relationships between 'display', 'position', and 'float'</cite></a>,
+ and the element's box must be positioned using the rules for absolute positioning but with its
+ static position set such that if the box is positioned in its static position, its anchor point
+ is exactly aligned over the anchor point of the element to which it is <a href=#magic-alignment title="magic
+ alignment">magically aligned</a>. Elements aligned in this way are <i>absolutely
+ positioned</i>. For the purposes of determining the containing block of other elements, the
+ '<a href=#css-position-absolute-anchored title=css-position-absolute-anchored>absolute-anchored</a>' keyword must be treated
+ like the 'absolute' keyword.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>The trivial example of an element that does not have a rendered box is one whose
+ 'display' property computes to 'none'. However, there are many other cases; e.g. table columns do
+ not have boxes (their properties merely affect other boxes).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If an element to which another element is anchored changes rendering, the anchored
+ element will be be repositioned accordingly. (In other words, the requirements above are live,
+ they are not just calculated once per anchored element.)</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The '<a href=#css-position-absolute-anchored title=css-position-absolute-anchored>absolute-anchored</a>'
+ keyword is not a keyword that can be specified in CSS; the 'position' property can only compute to
+ this value if the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element is positioned via the APIs described above.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents in visual interactive media should allow the user to pan the viewport to access all
+ parts of a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element's border box, even if the element is larger than the
+ viewport and the viewport would otherwise not have a scroll mechanism (e.g. because the viewport's
+ 'overflow' property is set to 'hidden').</p>
+
+ <hr><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs--><p>The <dfn id=dom-dialog-open title=dom-dialog-open><code>open</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=anchor-points><span class=secno>4.11.7.1 </span>Anchor points</h5>
+
+ <p class=critical>This section will eventually be moved to a CSS specification; it is specified
+ here only on an interim basis until an editor can be found to own this.</p>
+
+ <table class=css-property><caption>'anchor-point'</caption>
+ <tr><th>Value:
+ <td> none | &lt;position&gt;
+ <tr><th>Initial:
+ <td> none
+ <tr><th>Applies to:
+ <td> all elements
+ <tr><th>Inherited:
+ <td> no
+ <tr><th>Percentages:
+ <td> refer to width or height of box; see prose
+ <tr><th>Media:
+ <td> visual
+ <tr><th>Computed value:
+ <td> The specified value, but with any lengths replaced by their corresponding absolute length
+ <tr><th>Animatable:
+ <td> no
+ <tr><th>Canonical order:
+ <td> per grammar
+ </table><p>The 'anchor-point' property specifies a point to which dialog boxes are to be aligned.</p>
+
+ <p>If the value is a &lt;position&gt;, the anchor point is the point given by the value, which
+ must be interpreted relative to the element's first rendered box's margin box. Percentages must be
+ calculated relative to the element's first rendered box's margin box (specifically, its width for
+ the horizontal position and its height for the vertical position). <a href=#refsCSSVALUES>[CSSVALUES]</a> <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If the value is the keyword 'none', then no explicit anchor point is defined. The user agent
+ will pick an anchor point automatically if necessary (as described in the definition of the
+ <code title=dom-dialog-open><a href=#dom-dialog-open>open()</a></code> method above).</p>
+
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:CSS-->
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=scripting-1><span class=secno>4.12 </span>Scripting</h3>
+
+ <p>Scripts allow authors to add interactivity to their documents.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors are encouraged to use declarative alternatives to scripting where possible, as
+ declarative mechanisms are often more maintainable, and many users disable scripting.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, instead of using script to show or hide a section to show more details, the
+ <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element could be used.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Authors are also encouraged to make their applications degrade gracefully in the absence of
+ scripting support.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, if an author provides a link in a table header to dynamically resort the table,
+ the link could also be made to function without scripts by requesting the sorted table from the
+ server.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-script-element><span class=secno>4.12.1 </span>The <dfn id=script><code>script</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#metadata-content>Metadata content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#script-supporting-elements title="script-supporting elements">Script-supporting element</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#metadata-content>metadata content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a> are expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>If there is no <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute, depends on the value of the <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code> attribute, but must match
+ <a href=#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements>script content restrictions</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>If there <em>is</em> a <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute, the element must be either empty or contain only
+ <a href=#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts>script documentation</a> that also matches <a href=#restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements>script
+ content restrictions</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> &mdash; Address of the resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code> &mdash; Type of embedded resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-script-charset><a href=#attr-script-charset>charset</a></code> &mdash; Character encoding of the external script resource</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code> &mdash; Execute script asynchronously</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-script-defer><a href=#attr-script-defer>defer</a></code> &mdash; Defer script execution</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-script-crossorigin><a href=#attr-script-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> &mdash; How the element handles crossorigin requests</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlscriptelement>HTMLScriptElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-script-src title=dom-script-src>src</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-script-type title=dom-script-type>type</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-script-charset title=dom-script-charset>charset</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-script-async title=dom-script-async>async</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-script-defer title=dom-script-defer>defer</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-script-crossorigin title=dom-script-crossorigin>crossOrigin</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-script-text title=dom-script-text>text</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#HTMLScriptElement-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element allows authors to include dynamic script and data blocks in
+ their documents. The element does not <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> content for the
+ user.</p>
+
+ <p>When used to include dynamic scripts, the scripts may either be embedded inline or may be
+ imported from an external file using the <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute. If
+ the language is not that described by "<code title="">text/javascript</code>", then the <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code> attribute must be present, as described below. Whatever
+ language is used, the contents of the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element must conform with the
+ requirements of that language's specification.</p>
+
+ <p>When used to include data blocks (as opposed to scripts), the data must be embedded inline, the
+ format of the data must be given using the <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code> attribute,
+ the <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute must not be specified, and the contents of
+ the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element must conform to the requirements defined for the format used.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-script-type title=attr-script-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute gives the language of the
+ script or format of the data. If the attribute is present, its value must be a <a href=#valid-mime-type>valid MIME
+ type</a>. The <code title="">charset</code> parameter must not be specified. The default, which
+ is used if the attribute is absent, is "<code title="">text/javascript</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-script-src title=attr-script-src><code>src</code></dfn> attribute, if specified, gives the
+ address of the external script resource to use. The value of the attribute must be a <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid
+ non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a> identifying a script resource of the type
+ given by the <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code> attribute, if the attribute is present, or
+ of the type "<code title="">text/javascript</code>", if the attribute is absent. A resource is a
+ script resource of a given type if that type identifies a scripting language and the resource
+ conforms with the requirements of that language's specification.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-script-charset title=attr-script-charset><code>charset</code></dfn> attribute gives the character
+ encoding of the external script resource. The attribute must not be specified if the <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute is not present. If the attribute is set, its value
+ must be an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for one of the <a href=#encoding-label title="encoding
+ label">labels</a> of an <a href=#encoding>encoding</a>, and must specify the same <a href=#encoding>encoding</a> as
+ the <code title="">charset</code> parameter of the <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type
+ metadata</a> of the external file, if any. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-script-async title=attr-script-async><code>async</code></dfn> and <dfn id=attr-script-defer title=attr-script-defer><code>defer</code></dfn> attributes are <a href=#boolean-attribute title="boolean
+ attribute">boolean attributes</a> that indicate how the script should be executed. The <code title=attr-script-defer><a href=#attr-script-defer>defer</a></code> and <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code> attributes
+ must not be specified if the <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute is not
+ present.</p>
+
+ <p>There are three possible modes that can be selected using these attributes. If the <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code> attribute is present, then the script will be executed
+ asynchronously, as soon as it is available. If the <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code>
+ attribute is not present but the <code title=attr-script-defer><a href=#attr-script-defer>defer</a></code> attribute is
+ present, then the script is executed when the page has finished parsing. If neither attribute is
+ present, then the script is fetched and executed immediately, before the user agent continues
+ parsing the page.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The exact processing details for these attributes are, for mostly historical
+ reasons, somewhat non-trivial, involving a number of aspects of HTML. The implementation
+ requirements are therefore by necessity scattered throughout the specification. The algorithms
+ below (in this section) describe the core of this processing, but these algorithms reference and
+ are referenced by the parsing rules for <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> <a href=#scriptTag>start</a> and <a href=#scriptEndTag>end</a> tags in HTML, <a href=#scriptForeignEndTag>in foreign content</a>,
+ and <a href=#scriptTagXML>in XML</a>, the rules for the <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> method, the handling of <a href=#scripting>scripting</a>, etc.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-script-defer><a href=#attr-script-defer>defer</a></code> attribute may be specified even if the <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code> attribute is specified, to cause legacy Web browsers that
+ only support <code title=attr-script-defer><a href=#attr-script-defer>defer</a></code> (and not <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code>) to fall back to the <code title=attr-script-defer><a href=#attr-script-defer>defer</a></code> behavior instead of the synchronous blocking behavior that
+ is the default.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-script-crossorigin title=attr-script-crossorigin><code>crossorigin</code></dfn> attribute is a
+ <a href=#cors-settings-attribute>CORS settings attribute</a>. It controls, for scripts that are obtained from other <a href=#origin title=origin>origins</a>, whether error information will be exposed.</p>
+
+ <p>Changing the <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code>, <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code>, <code title=attr-script-charset><a href=#attr-script-charset>charset</a></code>, <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code>, <code title=attr-script-defer><a href=#attr-script-defer>defer</a></code>, and <code title=attr-script-crossorigin><a href=#attr-script-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> attributes dynamically has no direct effect;
+ these attribute are only used at specific times described below.</p> <!-- by implication, changes
+ to the base URL also have no effect -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element has several associated pieces of state.</p>
+
+ <p>The first is a flag indicating whether or not the script block has been <dfn id=already-started>"already
+ started"</dfn>. Initially, <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements must have this flag unset (script blocks,
+ when created, are not "already started"). The <a href=#concept-node-clone-ext title=concept-node-clone-ext>cloning
+ steps</a> for <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements must set the "already started" flag on the copy if
+ it is set on the element being cloned.</p>
+
+ <p>The second is a flag indicating whether the element was <dfn id=parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</dfn>.
+ Initially, <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements must have this flag unset. It is set by the <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a> and the <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> on <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements they insert and
+ affects the processing of those elements.</p>
+
+ <p>The third is a flag indicating whether the element will <dfn id=force-async>"force-async"</dfn>. Initially,
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements must have this flag set. It is unset by the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>
+ and the <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> on <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements they insert. In addition, whenever
+ a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element whose <a href=#force-async>"force-async"</a> flag is set has a <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code> content attribute added, the element's
+ <a href=#force-async>"force-async"</a> flag must be unset.</p> <!-- there's no need to unset it when the
+ attribute is removed since you can't have the attribute and the flag set at once. -->
+
+ <p>The fourth is a flag indicating whether or not the script block is <dfn id=ready-to-be-parser-executed>"ready to be
+ parser-executed"</dfn>. Initially, <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements must have this flag unset (script
+ blocks, when created, are not "ready to be parser-executed"). This flag is used only for elements
+ that are also <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a>, to let the parser know when to execute the
+ script.</p>
+
+ <p>The last few pieces of state are <dfn id="the-script-block's-type"><var>the script block's type</var></dfn>, <dfn id="the-script-block's-character-encoding"><var>the
+ script block's character encoding</var></dfn>, and <dfn id="the-script-block's-fallback-character-encoding"><var>the script block's fallback character
+ encoding</var></dfn>. They are determined when the script is prepared, based on the attributes on
+ the element at that time, and the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element that is not marked as being <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a>
+ experiences one of the events listed in the following list, the user agent must synchronously
+ <a href=#prepare-a-script title="prepare a script">prepare</a> the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element gets <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a document">inserted
+ into a document</a>, at the time the <a href=#nodes-are-inserted title="nodes are inserted">node is inserted</a>
+ according to the DOM, after any other <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements inserted at the same time that
+ are earlier in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element is <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a> and a node or
+ document fragment is <a href=#nodes-are-inserted title="nodes are inserted">inserted</a> into the
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element, after any <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements <a href=#nodes-are-inserted title="nodes are
+ inserted">inserted</a> at that time.</li>
+
+ <li>The <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element is <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a> and has a <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute set where previously the element had no such
+ attribute.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>To <dfn id=prepare-a-script title="prepare a script">prepare a script</dfn>, the user agent must act as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element is marked as having <a href=#already-started>"already started"</a>, then
+ the user agent must abort these steps at this point. The script is not executed.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the element has its <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a> flag set, then set <var title="">was-parser-inserted</var> to true and unset the element's
+ <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a> flag. Otherwise, set <var title="">was-parser-inserted</var> to
+ false.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is done so that if parser-inserted <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements fail to run
+ when the parser tries to run them, e.g. because they are empty or specify an unsupported
+ scripting language, another script can later mutate them and cause them to run again.</p>
+
+ <!-- q.v. http://hsivonen.iki.fi/test/moz/script-setting-src-on-parser-inserted-script.html -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">was-parser-inserted</var> is true and the element does not have an <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code> attribute, then set the element's
+ <a href=#force-async>"force-async"</a> flag to true.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is done so that if a parser-inserted <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element fails to
+ run when the parser tries to run it, but it is later executed after a script dynamically updates
+ it, it will execute asynchronously even if the <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code>
+ attribute isn't set.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li id=script-processing-empty>
+
+ <p>If the element has no <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute, and its child
+ nodes, if any, consist only of comment nodes and empty <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes, then the user
+ agent must abort these steps at this point. The script is not executed.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the element is not <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a>, then the user agent must abort
+ these steps at this point. The script is not executed.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li id=script-processing-prepare>
+
+ <p>If either:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code> attribute
+ and its value is the empty string, or</li>
+
+ <li>the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element has no <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code> attribute
+ but it has a <code title=attr-script-language><a href=#attr-script-language>language</a></code> attribute and <em>that</em>
+ attribute's value is the empty string, or</li>
+
+ <li>the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element has neither a <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute nor a <code title=attr-script-language><a href=#attr-script-language>language</a></code> attribute, then</li>
+
+ </ul><p>...let <var><a href="#the-script-block's-type">the script block's type</a></var> for this <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element be "<code title="">text/javascript</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code> attribute, let <var><a href="#the-script-block's-type">the script block's type</a></var> for this
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element be the value of that attribute with any leading or trailing
+ sequences of <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a> removed.</p> <!-- <span>Strip
+ leading and trailing whitespace</span> from... -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the element has a non-empty <code title=attr-script-language><a href=#attr-script-language>language</a></code>
+ attribute; let <var><a href="#the-script-block's-type">the script block's type</a></var> for this <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element be the
+ concatenation of the string "<code title="">text/</code>" followed by the value of the <code title=attr-script-language><a href=#attr-script-language>language</a></code> attribute.</p> <!-- user agents already support,
+ e.g., type="text/javascript1.3", so we don't have to support that separately. -->
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-script-language><a href=#attr-script-language>language</a></code> attribute is never
+ conforming, and is always ignored if there is a <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute present.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the user agent does not <a href=#support-the-scripting-language>support the scripting language</a> given by <var><a href="#the-script-block's-type">the
+ script block's type</a></var> for this <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element, then the user agent must abort
+ these steps at this point. The script is not executed.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">was-parser-inserted</var> is true, then flag the element as
+ <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a> again, and set the element's <a href=#force-async>"force-async"</a> flag to
+ false.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li id=script-processing-start>
+
+ <p>The user agent must set the element's <a href=#already-started>"already started"</a> flag.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The state of the element at this moment <a href=#establish-script-block-source>is later used</a> to determine the script source.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the element is flagged as <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a>, but the element's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the parser that created the element,
+ then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li id=script-processing-noscript>
+
+ <p>If <a href=#concept-n-noscript title=concept-n-noscript>scripting is disabled</a> for the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ element, then the user agent must abort these steps at this point. The script is not
+ executed.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The definition of <a href=#concept-n-noscript title=concept-n-noscript>scripting is disabled</a>
+ means that, amongst others, the following scripts will not execute: scripts in
+ <code><a href=#xmlhttprequest>XMLHttpRequest</a></code>'s <code title=dom-XMLHttpRequest-responseXML>responseXML</code>
+ documents, scripts in <code>DOMParser</code>-created documents, scripts in documents created by
+ <code>XSLTProcessor</code>'s <code title=dom-XSLTProcessor-transformToDocument>transformToDocument</code> feature, and scripts
+ that are first inserted by a script into a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that was created using the
+ <code title=dom-DOMImplementation-createDocument><a href=#dom-domimplementation-createdocument>createDocument()</a></code> API. <a href=#refsXHR>[XHR]</a> <a href=#refsDOMPARSING>[DOMPARSING]</a> <!--<a
+ href="#refsXSLTP">[XSLTP]</a>--> <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li id=script-processing-for>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element has an <code title=attr-script-event><a href=#attr-script-event>event</a></code>
+ attribute and a <code title=attr-script-for><a href=#attr-script-for>for</a></code> attribute, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">for</var> be the value of the <code title=attr-script-for><a href=#attr-script-for>for</a></code>
+ attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">event</var> be the value of the <code title=attr-script-event><a href=#attr-script-event>event</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace>Strip leading and trailing whitespace</a> from <var title="">event</var> and
+ <var title="">for</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">for</var> is not an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the
+ string "<code title="">window</code>", then the user agent must abort these steps at this
+ point. The script is not executed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">event</var> is not an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ either the string "<code title="">onload</code>" or the string "<code title="">onload()</code>", then the user agent must abort these steps at this point. The script
+ is not executed.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li id=script-processing-encoding>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-script-charset><a href=#attr-script-charset>charset</a></code>
+ attribute, then let <var><a href="#the-script-block's-character-encoding">the script block's character encoding</a></var> for this
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element be the result of <a href=#getting-an-encoding>getting an encoding</a> from the value of
+ the <code title=attr-script-charset><a href=#attr-script-charset>charset</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var><a href="#the-script-block's-fallback-character-encoding">the script block's fallback character encoding</a></var> for this
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element be the same as <a href="#document's-character-encoding" title="document's character encoding">the
+ encoding of the document itself</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Only one of these two pieces of state is set.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li id=script-processing-src-prepare>
+
+ <p>If the element has a <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> content attribute, run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">src</var> be the value of the element's <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">src</var> is the empty string, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire
+ a simple event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the element, and abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> <var title="">src</var> relative to the
+ element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the previous step failed, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the element, and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Do a <a href=#potentially-cors-enabled-fetch>potentially CORS-enabled fetch</a><!--FETCH--> of the resulting
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, with the <i>mode</i> being the current state of the element's <code title=attr-script-crossorigin><a href=#attr-script-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> content attribute, the <i title="">origin</i> being the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and the <i>default origin behaviour</i> set to <i>taint</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The resource obtained in this fashion can be either <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a> or
+ <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a>. This only affects how error reporting happens.</p>
+
+ <p>For performance reasons, user agents may start fetching the script (as defined above) as
+ soon as the <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute is set, instead, in the hope
+ that the element will be inserted into the document (and that the <code title=attr-script-crossorigin><a href=#attr-script-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> attribute won't change value in the
+ meantime). Either way, once the element is <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a
+ document">inserted into the document</a>, the load must have started as described in this
+ step. If the UA performs such prefetching, but the element is never inserted in the document,
+ or the <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute is dynamically changed,<!-- or the
+ base URL is dynamically changed,--> or the <code title=attr-script-crossorigin><a href=#attr-script-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> attribute is dynamically changed, then the
+ user agent will not execute the script so obtained, and the fetching process will have been
+ effectively wasted.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <!-- at this point if the element is "parser-inserted" then we know it is not "force-async". -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Then, the first of the following options that describes the situation must be followed:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt id=script-processing-defer>If the element has a <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute, and the element has a <code title=attr-script-defer><a href=#attr-script-defer>defer</a></code> attribute, and
+ the element has been flagged as <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a>, and the element does not have
+ an <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The element must be added to the end of the <dfn id=list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-when-the-document-has-finished-parsing>list of scripts that will execute when the
+ document has finished parsing</dfn> associated with the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the parser
+ that created the element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>
+ places on the <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a> once the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a>
+ has completed must set the element's <a href=#ready-to-be-parser-executed>"ready to be parser-executed"</a> flag. The
+ parser will handle executing the script.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=script-processing-parser-inserted>If the element has a <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute, and the element has been flagged as
+ <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a>, and the element does not have an <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The element is the <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking script</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the parser that created the element. (There can only be one such
+ script per <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> at a time.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>
+ places on the <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a> once the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a>
+ has completed must set the element's <a href=#ready-to-be-parser-executed>"ready to be parser-executed"</a> flag. The
+ parser will handle executing the script.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=script-processing-style-delayed>If the element does not have a <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute, and the element has been flagged as
+ <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a>, and either the parser that created the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> is
+ an <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> or it's an <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> whose <a href=#script-nesting-level>script nesting
+ level</a> is not greater than one, and the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a> or <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> that created the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element <a href=#has-a-style-sheet-that-is-blocking-scripts>has
+ a style sheet that is blocking scripts</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The element is the <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking script</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the parser that created the element. (There can only be one such
+ script per <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> at a time.)</p>
+
+ <p>Set the element's <a href=#ready-to-be-parser-executed>"ready to be parser-executed"</a> flag. The parser will handle
+ executing the script.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=script-processing-src-sync>If the element has a <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute, does not have an <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code> attribute, and does not have the
+ <a href=#force-async>"force-async"</a> flag set</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The element must be added to the end of the <dfn id=list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-in-order-as-soon-as-possible>list of scripts that will execute in order
+ as soon as possible</dfn> associated with the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ element at the time the <a href=#prepare-a-script>prepare a script</a> algorithm started.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>
+ places on the <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a> once the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a>
+ has completed must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element is not now the first element in the <a href=#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-in-order-as-soon-as-possible>list of scripts that will
+ execute in order as soon as possible</a> to which it was added above, then mark the
+ element as ready but abort these steps without executing the script yet.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Execution</i>: <a href=#execute-the-script-block>Execute the script block</a> corresponding to the first
+ script element in this <a href=#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-in-order-as-soon-as-possible>list of scripts that will execute in order as soon as
+ possible</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove the first element from this <a href=#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-in-order-as-soon-as-possible>list of scripts that will execute in order as
+ soon as possible</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this <a href=#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-in-order-as-soon-as-possible>list of scripts that will execute in order as soon as possible</a> is
+ still not empty and the first entry has already been marked as ready, then jump back to the
+ step labeled <i>execution</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=script-processing-src>If the element has a <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The element must be added to the <dfn id=set-of-scripts-that-will-execute-as-soon-as-possible>set of scripts that will execute as soon as
+ possible</dfn> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element at the time the
+ <a href=#prepare-a-script>prepare a script</a> algorithm started.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>
+ places on the <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a> once the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a>
+ has completed must <a href=#execute-the-script-block>execute the script block</a> and then remove the element from the
+ <a href=#set-of-scripts-that-will-execute-as-soon-as-possible>set of scripts that will execute as soon as possible</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=script-processing-inline>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>The user agent must immediately <a href=#execute-the-script-block>execute the script block</a>, even if other
+ scripts are already executing.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol><!-- similar text in various places --><p>Fetching an external script must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of the element's document
+ until the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a>
+ by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> once the resource has been <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> (defined above) has been run.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking script</dfn> of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is used by the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s parser(s).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element that blocks a parser gets moved to another
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> before it would normally have stopped blocking that parser, it nonetheless
+ continues blocking that parser until the condition that causes it to be blocking the parser no
+ longer applies (e.g. if the script is a <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking script</a> because there
+ was <a href=#a-style-sheet-that-is-blocking-scripts>a style sheet that is blocking scripts</a> when it was parsed, but then the script is
+ moved to another <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> before the style sheet loads, the script still blocks the
+ parser until the style sheets are all loaded, at which time the script executes and the parser is
+ unblocked).</p>
+
+ <!-- also (and this would be worth testing): the way the spec is written, if you do not have a
+ style sheet that is blocking scripts, then you parse a <script src>, then while waiting for the
+ script to load you insert an external style sheet, the script will delay until the sheet is
+ loaded, because there's just a binary "are style sheets blocking scripts" state, things aren't
+ defined in terms of which style sheets are blocking which scripts -->
+
+ <p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=execute-the-script-block title="execute the script block">execute a script
+ block</dfn>, it must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the element is flagged as <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a>, but the element's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the parser that created the element,
+ then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Jump to the appropriate set of steps from the list below:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the load resulted in an error (for example a DNS error, or an HTTP 404 error)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Executing the script block must just consist of <a href=#fire-a-simple-event title="fire a simple event">firing
+ a simple event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the element.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the load was successful</dt>
+
+ <!-- SCRIPT EXEC -->
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Executing the script block must consist of running the following steps. For the purposes of
+ these steps, the script is considered to be from an <i>external file</i> if, while the
+ <a href=#prepare-a-script>prepare a script</a> algorithm above was running for this script, the
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element had a <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute
+ specified.</p>
+
+ <ol><li id=establish-script-block-source>
+
+ <p>Initialise <dfn id="the-script-block's-source"><var>the script block's source</var></dfn> as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the script is from an external file and <var><a href="#the-script-block's-type">the script block's type</a></var> is a
+ text-based language</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The contents of that file, interpreted as a Unicode string, are the script source.</p>
+
+ <p>To obtain the Unicode string, the user agent run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the resource's <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content Type metadata</a>, if any,
+ specifies a character encoding, and the user agent supports that encoding, then let <var title="">character encoding</var> be that encoding, and jump to the bottom step in this
+ series of steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the algorithm above set <var><a href="#the-script-block's-character-encoding">the script block's character encoding</a></var>, then
+ let <var title="">character encoding</var> be that encoding, and jump to the bottom step
+ in this series of steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">character encoding</var> be <var><a href="#the-script-block's-fallback-character-encoding">the script block's fallback
+ character encoding</a></var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the specification for <var><a href="#the-script-block's-type">the script block's type</a></var> gives specific rules for
+ decoding files in that format to Unicode, follow them, using <var>character
+ encoding</var> as the character encoding specified by higher-level protocols, if
+ necessary.</p> <!-- e.g. XML -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#decode>decode</a> the file to Unicode, using <var>character
+ encoding</var> as the fallback encoding.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#decode>decode</a> algorithm overrides <var>character
+ encoding</var> if the file contains a BOM.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>If the script is from an external file and <var><a href="#the-script-block's-type">the script block's type</a></var> is an
+ XML-based language</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The external file is the script source. When it is later executed, it must be
+ interpreted in a manner consistent with the specification defining the language given by
+ <var><a href="#the-script-block's-type">the script block's type</a></var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the script is inline and <var><a href="#the-script-block's-type">the script block's type</a></var> is a text-based
+ language</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value of the <code title=dom-script-text><a href=#dom-script-text>text</a></code> IDL attribute at the time
+ the element's <a href=#already-started>"already started"</a> flag was last set is the script source.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the script is inline and <var><a href="#the-script-block's-type">the script block's type</a></var> is an XML-based
+ language</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The child nodes of the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element at the time the element's
+ <a href=#already-started>"already started"</a> flag was last set are the script source.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-beforescriptexecute><a href=#event-beforescriptexecute>beforescriptexecute</a></code> that bubbles and is cancelable
+ at the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the event is canceled, then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the script is from an external file, then increment the
+ <a href=#ignore-destructive-writes-counter>ignore-destructive-writes counter</a> of the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>. Let <var title="">neutralised doc</var> be that
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">old script element</var> be the value to which the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <code title=dom-document-currentScript><a href=#dom-document-currentscript>currentScript</a></code> object was most recently
+ initialized.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Initialise the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <code title=dom-document-currentScript><a href=#dom-document-currentscript>currentScript</a></code> object to the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#create-a-script>Create a script</a>, using <var><a href="#the-script-block's-source">the script block's source</a></var>, the
+ <a href=#url>URL</a> from which the script was obtained, <var><a href="#the-script-block's-type">the script block's type</a></var> as
+ the scripting language, and the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>If the script came from a resource that was <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> in the
+ steps above, and the resource was <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a>, then pass the <var title="">muted errors</var> flag to the <a href=#create-a-script>create a script</a> algorithm as well.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is where the script is compiled and actually executed.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Initialise the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <code title=dom-document-currentScript><a href=#dom-document-currentscript>currentScript</a></code> object to <var title="">old script
+ element</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Decrement the <a href=#ignore-destructive-writes-counter>ignore-destructive-writes counter</a> of <var title="">neutralised doc</var>, if it was incremented in the earlier step.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-afterscriptexecute><a href=#event-afterscriptexecute>afterscriptexecute</a></code> that bubbles (but is not
+ cancelable) at the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the script is from an external file, <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the script is internal; <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol><p>The IDL attributes <dfn id=dom-script-src title=dom-script-src><code>src</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-script-type title=dom-script-type><code>type</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-script-charset title=dom-script-charset><code>charset</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-script-defer title=dom-script-defer><code>defer</code></dfn>, each must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective
+ content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-script-crossorigin title=dom-script-crossOrigin><code>crossOrigin</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-script-crossorigin><a href=#attr-script-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code> content
+ attribute, <a href=#limited-to-only-known-values>limited to only known values</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-script-async title=dom-script-async><code>async</code></dfn> IDL attribute controls whether the
+ element will execute asynchronously or not. If the element's <a href=#force-async>"force-async"</a> flag is
+ set, then, on getting, the <code title=dom-script-async><a href=#dom-script-async>async</a></code> IDL attribute must return
+ true, and on setting, the <a href=#force-async>"force-async"</a> flag must first be unset, and then the
+ content attribute must be removed if the IDL attribute's new value is false, and must be set to
+ the empty string if the IDL attribute's new value is true. If the element's
+ <a href=#force-async>"force-async"</a> flag is <em>not</em> set, the IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">script</var> . <code title=dom-script-text><a href=#dom-script-text>text</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the contents of the element, ignoring child nodes that aren't <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code>
+ nodes.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to replace the element's children with the given value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The IDL attribute <dfn id=dom-script-text title=dom-script-text><code>text</code></dfn> must return a
+ concatenation of the contents of all the <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes that are children of the
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element (ignoring any other nodes such as comments or elements), in tree
+ order. On setting, it must act the same way as the <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <p class=note>When inserted using the <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code>
+ method, <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements execute (typically synchronously), but when inserted using
+ <code title=dom-innerHTML><a href=#dom-innerhtml>innerHTML</a></code> and <code title=dom-outerHTML><a href=#dom-outerhtml>outerHTML</a></code>
+ attributes, they do not execute at all.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, two <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements are used. One embeds an external script, and
+ the other includes some data.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;script src="game-engine.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;script type="text/x-game-map"&gt;
+........U.........e
+o............A....e
+.....A.....AAA....e
+.A..AAA...AAAAA...e
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The data in this case might be used by the script to generate the map of a video game. The
+ data doesn't have to be used that way, though; maybe the map data is actually embedded in other
+ parts of the page's markup, and the data block here is just used by the site's search engine to
+ help users who are looking for particular features in their game maps.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following sample shows how a script element can be used to define a function that is then
+ used by other parts of the document. It also shows how a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element can be used
+ to invoke script while the document is being parsed, in this case to initialise the form's
+ output.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;script&gt;
+ function calculate(form) {
+ var price = 52000;
+ if (form.elements.brakes.checked)
+ price += 1000;
+ if (form.elements.radio.checked)
+ price += 2500;
+ if (form.elements.turbo.checked)
+ price += 5000;
+ if (form.elements.sticker.checked)
+ price += 250;
+ form.elements.result.value = price;
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;form name="pricecalc" onsubmit="return false" onchange="calculate(this)"&gt;
+ &lt;fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;legend&gt;Work out the price of your car&lt;/legend&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Base cost: &pound;52000.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Select additional options:&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox name=brakes&gt; Ceramic brakes (&pound;1000)&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox name=radio&gt; Satellite radio (&pound;2500)&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox name=turbo&gt; Turbo charger (&pound;5000)&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox name=sticker&gt; "XZ" sticker (&pound;250)&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Total: &pound;&lt;output name=result&gt;&lt;/output&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/fieldset&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ calculate(document.forms.pricecalc);
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=scriptingLanguages><span class=secno>4.12.1.1 </span>Scripting languages</h5>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A user agent is said to <dfn id=support-the-scripting-language>support the scripting language</dfn> if each component of <var><a href="#the-script-block's-type">the
+ script block's type</a></var> is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the corresponding
+ component in the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> string of a scripting language that the user agent
+ implements.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The following lists the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> strings that user agents must recognize, and the
+ languages to which they refer:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>"<code>application/ecmascript</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>application/javascript</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>application/x-ecmascript</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>application/x-javascript</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/ecmascript</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/javascript</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/javascript1.0</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/javascript1.1</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/javascript1.2</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/javascript1.3</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/javascript1.4</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/javascript1.5</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/jscript</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/livescript</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/x-ecmascript</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/x-javascript</code>"</dt>
+ <dd>JavaScript. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></dd>
+
+<!--(historical footnote)
+ <dt>"<code>text/javascript;e4x=1</code>"</dt>
+ <dd>JavaScript with ECMAScript for XML. <a href="#refsECMA357">[ECMA357]</a></dd>
+-->
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents may support other <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> for other languages,
+ but must not support other <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> for the languages in the list
+ above. User agents are not required to support the languages listed above.</p>
+
+ <p>The following <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> (with or without parameters) must not
+ be interpreted as scripting languages:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>"<code>text/plain</code>"
+ <li>"<code>text/xml</code>"
+ <!--<li>"<code>text/html</code>"-->
+ <li>"<code>application/octet-stream</code>"
+ <li>"<code>application/xml</code>"
+ <!--<li>"<code>application/xhtml+xml</code>"-->
+ <!--<li>"<code>image/svg+xml</code>"-->
+
+ <!-- the commented-out ones aren't listed here because they couldn't sanely be interpreted as a
+ scripting language anyway: they're defined to be something else. I just don't want this to
+ devolve into a list of every non-scripting type in existence. -->
+
+ </ul><p class=note>These types are explicitly listed here because they are poorly-defined types that
+ are nonetheless likely to be used as formats for data blocks, and it would be problematic if they
+ were suddenly to be interpreted as script by a user agent.</p>
+
+ <!-- a similar paragraph is also present in the <style> element section -->
+
+ <p>When examining types to determine if they represent supported languages, user agents must not
+ ignore MIME parameters. Types are to be compared including all parameters.</p> <!-- whether the
+ order of parameters matters is left undefined until such time as it matters; so far the only
+ relevant parameter was 'e4x', and it's gone for now -->
+
+ <p class=note>For example, types that include the <code title="">charset</code> parameter will
+ not be recognised as referencing any of the scripting languages listed above.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=restrictions-for-contents-of-script-elements><span class=secno>4.12.1.2 </span><dfn title="script content restrictions">Restrictions for contents of <code>script</code> elements</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p class=note>The easiest and safest way to avoid the rather strange restrictions described in
+ this section is to always escape "<code title="">&lt;!--</code>" as "<code title="">&lt;\!--</code>", "<code title="">&lt;script</code>" as "<code title="">&lt;\script</code>", and "<code title="">&lt;/script</code>" as "<code title="">&lt;\/script</code>" when these sequences appear in literals in scripts (e.g. in
+ strings, regular expressions, or comments), and to avoid writing code that uses such constructs in
+ expressions. Doing so avoids the pitfalls that the restrictions in this section are prone to
+ triggering: namely, that, for historical reasons, parsing of <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> blocks in HTML is
+ a strange and exotic practice that acts unintuitively in the face of these sequences.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> of a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element must match the <code title="">script</code> production in the following ABNF, the character set for which is Unicode.
+ <a href=#refsABNF>[ABNF]</a></p>
+
+ <pre>script = outer *( comment-open inner comment-close outer )
+
+outer = &lt; any string that doesn't contain a substring that matches not-in-outer &gt;
+not-in-outer = comment-open
+inner = &lt; any string that doesn't contain a substring that matches not-in-inner &gt;
+not-in-inner = comment-close / script-open
+
+comment-open = "&lt;!--"
+comment-close = "--&gt;"
+script-open = "&lt;" s c r i p t tag-end
+
+s = %x0053 ; U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S
+s =/ %x0073 ; U+0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S
+c = %x0043 ; U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C
+c =/ %x0063 ; U+0063 LATIN SMALL LETTER C
+r = %x0052 ; U+0052 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R
+r =/ %x0072 ; U+0072 LATIN SMALL LETTER R
+i = %x0049 ; U+0049 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I
+i =/ %x0069 ; U+0069 LATIN SMALL LETTER I
+p = %x0050 ; U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P
+p =/ %x0070 ; U+0070 LATIN SMALL LETTER P
+t = %x0054 ; U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T
+t =/ %x0074 ; U+0074 LATIN SMALL LETTER T
+
+tag-end = %x0009 ; U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)
+tag-end =/ %x000A ; U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
+tag-end =/ %x000C ; U+000C FORM FEED (FF)
+tag-end =/ %x0020 ; U+0020 SPACE
+tag-end =/ %x002F ; U+002F SOLIDUS (/)
+tag-end =/ %x003E ; U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</pre>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element contains <a href=#inline-documentation-for-external-scripts>script documentation</a>, there are
+ further restrictions on the contents of the element, as described in the section below.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following script illustrates this issue. Suppose you have a script that contains a string,
+ as in:</p>
+
+ <pre>var example = 'Consider this string: &lt;!-- &lt;script&gt;';
+console.log(example);</pre>
+
+ <p>If one were to put this string directly in a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> block, it would violate the
+ restrictions above:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;script&gt;
+ var example = 'Consider this string: &lt;!-- &lt;script&gt;';
+ console.log(example);
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The bigger problem, though, and the reason why it would violate those restrictions, is that
+ actually the script would get parsed weirdly: <em>the script block above is not terminated</em>.
+ That is, what looks like a "<code title="">&lt;/script&gt;</code>" end tag in this snippet is
+ actually still part of the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> block. The script doesn't execute (since it's not
+ terminated); if it somehow were to execute, as it might if the markup looked as follows, it would
+ fail because the script (highlighted here) is not valid JavaScript:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;script&gt;<mark>
+ var example = 'Consider this string: &lt;!-- &lt;script&gt;';
+ console.log(example);
+&lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;!-- despite appearances, this is actually part of the script still! --&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ ... // this is the same script block still...
+</mark>&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>What is going on here is that for legacy reasons, "<code title="">&lt;!--</code>" and "<code title="">&lt;script</code>" strings in <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements in HTML need to be balanced
+ in order for the parser to consider closing the block.</p>
+
+ <p>By escaping the problematic strings as mentioned at the top of this section, the problem is
+ avoided entirely:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;script&gt;<mark>
+ var example = 'Consider this string: &lt;\!-- &lt;\script&gt;';
+ console.log(example);
+</mark>&lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;!-- this is just a comment between script blocks --&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;<mark>
+ ... // this is a new script block
+</mark>&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>It is possible for these sequences to naturally occur in script expressions, as in the
+ following examples:</p>
+
+ <pre>if (x&lt;!--y) { ... }
+if ( player&lt;script ) { ... }</pre>
+
+ <p>In such cases the characters cannot be escaped, but the expressions can be rewritten so that
+ the sequences don't occur, as in:</p>
+
+ <pre>if (x &lt; !--y) { ... }
+if (!--y &gt; x) { ... }
+if (!(--y) &gt; x) { ... }
+if (player &lt; script) { ... }
+if (script &gt; player) { ... }</pre>
+
+ <p>Doing this also avoids a different pitfall as well: for related historical reasons, the string
+ "&lt;!--" in JavaScript is actually treated as a line comment start, just like "//".</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=inline-documentation-for-external-scripts><span class=secno>4.12.1.3 </span><dfn title="script documentation">Inline documentation for external scripts</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element's <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute is
+ specified, then the contents of the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element, if any, must be such that the
+ value of the <code title=dom-script-text><a href=#dom-script-text>text</a></code> IDL attribute, which is derived from the
+ element's contents, matches the <code title="">documentation</code> production in the following
+ ABNF, the character set for which is Unicode. <a href=#refsABNF>[ABNF]</a></p>
+
+ <pre>documentation = *( *( space / tab / comment ) [ line-comment ] newline )
+comment = slash star *( not-star / star not-slash ) 1*star slash
+line-comment = slash slash *not-newline
+
+; characters
+tab = %x0009 ; U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)
+newline = %x000A ; U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
+space = %x0020 ; U+0020 SPACE
+star = %x002A ; U+002A ASTERISK (*)
+slash = %x002F ; U+002F SOLIDUS (/)
+not-newline = %x0000-0009 / %x000B-10FFFF
+ ; a <a href=#unicode-character>Unicode character</a> other than U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
+not-star = %x0000-0029 / %x002B-10FFFF
+ ; a <a href=#unicode-character>Unicode character</a> other than U+002A ASTERISK (*)
+not-slash = %x0000-002E / %x0030-10FFFF
+ ; a <a href=#unicode-character>Unicode character</a> other than U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</pre>
+
+ <p class=note>This corresponds to putting the contents of the element in JavaScript
+ comments.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This requirement is in addition to the earlier restrictions on the syntax of
+ contents of <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This allows authors to include documentation, such as license information or API information,
+ inside their documents while still referring to external script files. The syntax is constrained
+ so that authors don't accidentally include what looks like valid script while also providing a
+ <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;script src="cool-effects.js"&gt;
+ // create new instances using:
+ // var e = new Effect();
+ // start the effect using .play, stop using .stop:
+ // e.play();
+ // e.stop();
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=scriptTagXSLT><span class=secno>4.12.1.4 </span>Interaction of <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements and XSLT</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>This specification does not define how XSLT interacts with the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element.
+ However, in the absence of another specification actually defining this, here are some guidelines
+ for implementors, based on existing implementations:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>When an XSLT transformation program is triggered by an <code title="">&lt;?xml-stylesheet?&gt;</code> processing instruction and the browser implements a
+ direct-to-DOM transformation, <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements created by the XSLT processor need to
+ be marked <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a> and run in document order (modulo scripts marked <code title=attr-script-defer><a href=#attr-script-defer>defer</a></code> or <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code>),
+ asynchronously while the transformation is occurring.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <code title=dom-XSLTProcessor-transformToDocument>XSLTProcessor.transformToDocument()</code> method
+ adds elements to a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that is not in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, and,
+ accordingly, any <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements they create need to have their <a href=#already-started>"already
+ started"</a> flag set in the <a href=#prepare-a-script>prepare a script</a> algorithm and never get executed
+ (<a href=#concept-bc-noscript title=concept-bc-noscript>scripting is disabled</a>). Such <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ elements still need to be marked <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a>, though, such that their <code title=dom-script-async><a href=#dom-script-async>async</a></code> IDL attribute will return false in the absence of an <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code> content attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <code title=dom-XSLTProcessor-transformToFragment>XSLTProcessor.transformToFragment()</code> method
+ needs to create a fragment that is equivalent to one built manually by creating the elements
+ using <code title=dom-document-createElementNS><a href=#dom-document-createelementns>document.createElementNS()</a></code>. For instance,
+ it needs to create <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements that aren't <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a> and
+ that don't have their <a href=#already-started>"already started"</a> flag set, so that they will execute when the
+ fragment is inserted into a document.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>The main distinction between the first two cases and the last case is that the first two
+ operate on <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s and the last operates on a fragment.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-noscript-element><span class=secno>4.12.2 </span>The <dfn><code>noscript</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#metadata-content>Metadata content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>In a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element of an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>, if there are no ancestor <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected in <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>, if there are no ancestor <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>When <a href=#concept-n-noscript title=concept-n-noscript>scripting is disabled</a>, in a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element: in any order, zero or more <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements, zero or more <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> elements, and zero or more <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>When <a href=#concept-n-noscript title=concept-n-noscript>scripting is disabled</a>, not in a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element: <a href=#transparent>transparent</a>, but there must be no <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element descendants.</dd>
+ <dd>Otherwise: text that conforms to the requirements given in the prose.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>Uses <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>.</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> nothing if <a href=#concept-n-script title=concept-n-script>scripting is enabled</a>, and <a href=#represents>represents</a> its children if
+ <a href=#concept-n-noscript title=concept-n-noscript>scripting is disabled</a>. It is used to present different
+ markup to user agents that support scripting and those that don't support scripting, by affecting
+ how the document is parsed.</p>
+
+ <p>When used in <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>, the allowed content model is as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>In a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element, if <a href=#concept-n-noscript title=concept-n-noscript>scripting is
+ disabled</a> for the <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element must contain only <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>,
+ and <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> elements.</dd>
+
+ <dt>In a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element, if <a href=#concept-n-script title=concept-n-script>scripting is enabled</a>
+ for the <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element must contain only text, except that invoking the
+ <a href=#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm>HTML fragment parsing algorithm</a> <!-- (which disables <script> execution) --> with
+ the <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element as the <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var>
+ element and the text contents as the <var title="">input</var> must result in a list of nodes
+ that consists only of <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> elements that
+ would be conforming if they were children of the <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element, and no <a href=#parse-error title="parse error">parse errors</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Outside of <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> elements, if <a href=#concept-n-noscript title=concept-n-noscript>scripting is
+ disabled</a> for the <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element's content model is <a href=#transparent>transparent</a>, with the
+ additional restriction that a <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element must not have a <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code>
+ element as an ancestor (that is, <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> can't be nested).</dd>
+
+ <dt>Outside of <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> elements, if <a href=#concept-n-script title=concept-n-script>scripting is
+ enabled</a> for the <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element must contain only text, except that the text must be such
+ that running the following algorithm results in a conforming document with no
+ <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> elements and no <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements, and such that no step in the
+ algorithm throws an exception or causes an <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> to flag a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>:</p>
+ <!-- the possible exception is from the outerHTML setter -->
+
+ <ol><li>Remove every <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element from the document.</li>
+
+ <li>Make a list of every <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element in the document. For every
+ <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element in that list, perform the following steps:
+
+ <ol><li>Let <var title="">s</var> be the concatenation of all the <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node
+ children of the <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li>Set the <code title=dom-outerHTML><a href=#dom-outerhtml>outerHTML</a></code> attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element to the value of <var title="">s</var>. (This, as a
+ side-effect, causes the <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element to be removed from the document.) <a href=#refsDOMPARSING>[DOMPARSING]</a></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>All these contortions are required because, for historical reasons, the
+ <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element is handled differently by the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> based on
+ whether <a href=#scripting-flag title="scripting flag">scripting was enabled or not</a> when the parser was
+ invoked.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element must not be used in <a href=#xml-documents>XML documents</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element is only effective in <a href=#syntax>the HTML
+ syntax</a>, it has no effect in <a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>the XHTML syntax</a>. This is because the way it works
+ is by essentially "turning off" the parser when scripts are enabled, so that the contents of the
+ element are treated as pure text and not as real elements. XML does not define a mechanism by
+ which to do this.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element has no other requirements. In particular, children of the
+ <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element are not exempt from <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>, scripting, and so
+ forth, even when <a href=#concept-n-script title=concept-n-script>scripting is enabled</a> for the element.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, a <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element is
+ used to provide fallback for a script.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="calcSquare.php"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;label for=x&gt;Number&lt;/label&gt;:
+ &lt;input id="x" name="x" type="number"&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ var x = document.getElementById('x');
+ var output = document.createElement('p');
+ output.textContent = 'Type a number; it will be squared right then!';
+ x.form.appendChild(output);
+ x.form.onsubmit = function () { return false; }
+ x.oninput = function () {
+ var v = x.valueAsNumber;
+ output.textContent = v + ' squared is ' + v * v;
+ };
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;noscript&gt;
+ &lt;input type=submit value="Calculate Square"&gt;
+ &lt;/noscript&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>When script is disabled, a button appears to do the calculation on the server side. When
+ script is enabled, the value is computed on-the-fly instead.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element is a blunt instrument. Sometimes, scripts might be enabled,
+ but for some reason the page's script might fail. For this reason, it's generally better to avoid
+ using <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code>, and to instead design the script to change the page from being a
+ scriptless page to a scripted page on the fly, as in the next example:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="calcSquare.php"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;label for=x&gt;Number&lt;/label&gt;:
+ &lt;input id="x" name="x" type="number"&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;input id="submit" type=submit value="Calculate Square"&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ var x = document.getElementById('x');
+ var output = document.createElement('p');
+ output.textContent = 'Type a number; it will be squared right then!';
+ x.form.appendChild(output);
+ x.form.onsubmit = function () { return false; }
+ x.oninput = function () {
+ var v = x.valueAsNumber;
+ output.textContent = v + ' squared is ' + v * v;
+ };
+<strong> var submit = document.getElementById('submit');
+ submit.parentNode.removeChild(submit);</strong>
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The above technique is also useful in XHTML, since <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> is not supported in
+ <a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>the XHTML syntax</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-template-element><span class=secno>4.12.3 </span>The <dfn><code>template</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#metadata-content>Metadata content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#script-supporting-elements title="script-supporting elements">Script-supporting element</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#metadata-content>metadata content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#phrasing-content>phrasing content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a> are expected.</dd>
+ <dd>As a child of a <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element that doesn't have a <code title=attr-colgroup-span><a href=#attr-colgroup-span>span</a></code> attribute.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Either: <a href=#metadata-content>Metadata content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: <a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> elements.</dd>
+ <dd>Or: The content model of <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#popup-menu-state>popup menu state</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+<pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmltemplateelement>HTMLTemplateElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a> <a href=#dom-template-content title=dom-template-content>content</a>;
+};</pre>
+</dd>
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element is used to declare fragments of HTML that can be cloned and
+ inserted in the document by script.</p>
+
+ <p>In a rendering, the <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> nothing.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">template</var> . <code title=dom-template-content><a href=#dom-template-content>content</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the contents of the <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>, which are stored in a
+ <code><a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a></code> associated with a different <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> so as to avoid
+ the <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> contents interfering with the main <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>. (For
+ example, this avoids form controls from being submitted, scripts from executing, and so
+ forth.)</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element has an associated <code><a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a></code> object that
+ is its <dfn id=template-contents>template contents</dfn>. When a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element is created, the user
+ agent must run the following steps to establish the <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">doc</var> be the <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element's <code title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><a href=#dom-node-ownerdocument>ownerDocument</a></code>'s <a href=#appropriate-template-contents-owner-document>appropriate template contents owner
+ document</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a <code><a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a></code> object whose <code title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><a href=#dom-node-ownerdocument>ownerDocument</a></code> is <var title="">doc</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element's <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a> to the newly
+ created <code><a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <var title="">doc</var>'s <dfn id=appropriate-template-contents-owner-document>appropriate template contents owner
+ document</dfn> is the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> returned by the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">doc</var> is not a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> created by this algorithm, run
+ these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">doc</var> does not yet have an <dfn id=associated-inert-template-document>associated inert template
+ document</dfn> then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">new doc</var> be a new <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> (that does not have a
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>). This is "a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> created by this algorithm"
+ for the purposes of the step above.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">doc</var> is an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>, mark
+ <var title="">new doc</var> as an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>
+ also.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">doc</var>'s <a href=#associated-inert-template-document>associated inert template document</a> be <var title="">new doc</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">doc</var> to <var title="">doc</var>'s <a href=#associated-inert-template-document>associated inert
+ template document</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>Each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> not created by this algorithm thus gets a single
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> to act as its proxy for owning the <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a> of all
+ its <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> elements, so that they aren't in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> and
+ thus remain inert (e.g. scripts do not run). Meanwhile, <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> elements inside
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects that <em>are</em> created by this algorithm just reuse the same
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> owner for their contents.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">doc</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element changes <code title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><a href=#dom-node-ownerdocument>ownerDocument</a></code>, the user agent must run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">doc</var> be the <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element's new <code title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><a href=#dom-node-ownerdocument>ownerDocument</a></code>'s <a href=#appropriate-template-contents-owner-document>appropriate template contents owner
+ document</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-node-adopt title=concept-node-adopt>Adopt</a> the <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element's
+ <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a> (a <code><a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a></code> object) into <var title="">doc</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-template-content title=dom-template-content><code>content</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return the
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element's <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <a href=#concept-node-clone-ext title=concept-node-clone-ext>cloning steps</a> for a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>
+ element <var title="">node</var> being cloned to a copy <var title="">copy</var> must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <var title="">clone children flag</var> is not set in the calling <a href=#concept-node-clone title=concept-node-clone>clone</a> algorithm, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">copied contents</var> be the result of <a href=#concept-node-clone title=concept-node-clone>cloning</a> all the children of <var title="">node</var>'s
+ <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a>, with <var title="">ownerDocument</var> set to <var title="">copy</var>'s <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a>'s <code title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><a href=#dom-node-ownerdocument>ownerDocument</a></code>, and with the <var title="">clone children
+ flag</var> set.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append <var title="">copied contents</var> to <var title="">copy</var>'s <a href=#template-contents>template
+ contents</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a script populates a table with data from a data structure, using a
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> to provide the element structure instead of manually generating the
+ structure from markup.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Cat data&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ // Data is hard-coded here, but could come from the server
+ var data = [
+ { name: 'Pillar', color: 'Ticked Tabby', sex: 'Female (neutered)', legs: 3 },
+ { name: 'Hedral', color: 'Tuxedo', sex: 'Male (neutered)', legs: 4 },
+ ];
+&lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;Name &lt;th&gt;Color &lt;th&gt;Sex &lt;th&gt;Legs
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;template id="row"&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;
+ &lt;/template&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var template = document.querySelector('#row');
+ for (var i = 0; i &lt; data.length; i += 1) {
+ var cat = data[i];
+ var clone = template.content.cloneNode(true);
+ var cells = clone.querySelectorAll('td');
+ cells[0].textContent = cat.name;
+ cells[1].textContent = cat.color;
+ cells[2].textContent = cat.sex;
+ cells[3].textContent = cat.legs;
+ template.parentNode.appendChild(clone);
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=template-XSLT-XPath><span class=secno>4.12.3.1 </span>Interaction of <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> elements with XSLT and XPath</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>This specification does not define how XSLT and XPath interact with the <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>
+ element. However, in the absence of another specification actually defining this, here are some
+ guidelines for implementors, which are intended to be consistent with other processing described
+ in this specification:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>An XSLT processor based on an XML parser that acts <a href=#xml-parser title="xml parser">as described
+ in this specification</a> needs to act as if <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> elements contain as
+ descendants their <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a> for the purposes of the transform.</li>
+
+ <li><p>An XSLT processor that outputs a DOM needs to ensure that nodes that would go into a
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element are instead placed into the element's <a href=#template-contents>template
+ contents</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>XPath evaluation using the XPath DOM API when applied to a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> parsed
+ using the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> or the <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> described in this specification
+ needs to ignore <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a>.</p>
+
+ </ul></div>
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Canvas-->
+ <h4 id=the-canvas-element><span class=secno>4.12.4 </span>The <dfn id=canvas><code>canvas</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <dl class=element><dt><a href=#concept-element-categories title=concept-element-categories>Categories</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#embedded-content-category>Embedded content</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-contexts title=concept-element-contexts>Contexts in which this element can be used</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Where <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> is expected.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-content-model title=concept-element-content-model>Content model</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#transparent>Transparent</a>, but with no <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a> descendants except for <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements with <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attributes, <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> elements, <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute are in the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> or <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> states, <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements that are <a href=#concept-button title=concept-button>buttons</a>, <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements with a <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute or a <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> greater than 1, <a href=#sorting-interface-th-element title="sorting interface th element">sorting interface <code>th</code> elements</a>, and elements that would not be <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a> except for having the <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute specified.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-tag-omission title=concept-element-tag-omission>Tag omission in text/html</a>:</dt>
+ <dd>Neither tag is omissible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-attributes title=concept-element-attributes>Content attributes</a>:</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#global-attributes>Global attributes</a></dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-canvas-width><a href=#attr-canvas-width>width</a></code> &mdash; Horizontal dimension</dd>
+ <dd><code title=attr-canvas-height><a href=#attr-canvas-height>height</a></code> &mdash; Vertical dimension</dd>
+ <dt><a href=#concept-element-dom title=concept-element-dom>DOM interface</a>:</dt><!--ADD-TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <dd>
+ <pre class=idl>typedef (<a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a> or <a href=#webglrenderingcontext>WebGLRenderingContext</a>) <dfn id=renderingcontext>RenderingContext</dfn>;
+
+interface <dfn id=htmlcanvaselement>HTMLCanvasElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-canvas-width title=dom-canvas-width>width</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-canvas-height title=dom-canvas-height>height</a>;
+
+ <a href=#renderingcontext>RenderingContext</a>? <a href=#dom-canvas-getcontext title=dom-canvas-getContext>getContext</a>(DOMString contextId, any... arguments);
+ boolean <a href=#dom-canvas-probablysupportscontext title=dom-canvas-probablySupportsContext>probablySupportsContext</a>(DOMString contextId, any... arguments);
+
+ void <a href=#dom-canvas-setcontext title=dom-canvas-setContext>setContext</a>(<a href=#renderingcontext>RenderingContext</a> context);
+ <a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a> <a href=#dom-canvas-transfercontroltoproxy title=dom-canvas-transferControlToProxy>transferControlToProxy</a>();
+
+ DOMString <a href=#dom-canvas-todataurl title=dom-canvas-toDataURL>toDataURL</a>(optional DOMString type, any... arguments);
+ void <a href=#dom-canvas-toblob title=dom-canvas-toBlob>toBlob</a>(<a href=#filecallback>FileCallback</a>? _callback, optional DOMString type, any... arguments);
+};</pre>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><!--REMOVE-TOPIC:DOM APIs--><p>The <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element provides scripts with a resolution-dependent bitmap canvas,
+ which can be used for rendering graphs, game graphics, art, or other visual images on the fly.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors should not use the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element in a document when a more suitable
+ element is available. For example, it is inappropriate to use a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element to
+ render a page heading: if the desired presentation of the heading is graphically intense, it
+ should be marked up using appropriate elements (typically <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>) and then styled using
+ CSS and supporting technologies such as Web Components.</p>
+
+ <p>When authors use the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, they must also provide content that, when
+ presented to the user, conveys essentially the same function or purpose as the
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>' bitmap. This content may be placed as content of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>
+ element. The contents of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, if any, are the element's <a href=#fallback-content>fallback
+ content</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>In interactive visual media, if <a href=#concept-n-script title=concept-n-script>scripting is enabled</a> for
+ the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, and if support for <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> elements has been enabled,
+ the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> consisting
+ of a dynamically created image, the element's bitmap.</p>
+
+ <p>In non-interactive, static, visual media, if the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element has been
+ previously associated with a rendering context (e.g. if the page was viewed in an interactive
+ visual medium and is now being printed, or if some script that ran during the page layout process
+ painted on the element), then the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a>
+ <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> with the element's current bitmap and size. Otherwise, the element
+ represents its <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a> instead.</p>
+
+ <p>In non-visual media, and in visual media if <a href=#concept-n-noscript title=concept-n-noscript>scripting is
+ disabled</a> for the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element or if support for <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> elements
+ has been disabled, the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> its <a href=#fallback-content>fallback
+ content</a> instead.</p>
+
+ <!-- CANVAS-FOCUS-FALLBACK -->
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a>, the
+ user can still focus descendants of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element (in the <a href=#fallback-content>fallback
+ content</a>). When an element is <a href=#focused>focused</a>, it is the target of keyboard interaction events (even
+ though the element itself is not visible). This allows authors to make an interactive canvas
+ keyboard-accessible: authors should have a one-to-one mapping of interactive regions to <i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>focusable
+ areas</a></i> in the <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a>. (Focus has no effect on mouse interaction events.)
+ <a href=#refsDOMEVENTS>[DOMEVENTS]</a></p> <!-- user interaction spec integration point -->
+
+ <p>An element whose nearest <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element ancestor is <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a>
+ and <a href=#represents>represents</a> <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> is an element that is <dfn id=being-used-as-relevant-canvas-fallback-content>being used as
+ relevant canvas fallback content</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element has two attributes to control the size of the element's bitmap:
+ <dfn id=attr-canvas-width title=attr-canvas-width><code>width</code></dfn> and <dfn id=attr-canvas-height title=attr-canvas-height><code>height</code></dfn>. These attributes, when specified, must have
+ values that are <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer title="valid non-negative integer">valid non-negative integers</a>. <span class=impl>The <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> must be used to obtain their
+ numeric values. If an attribute is missing, or if parsing its value returns an error, then the
+ default value must be used instead.</span> The <code title=attr-canvas-width><a href=#attr-canvas-width>width</a></code>
+ attribute defaults to 300, and the <code title=attr-canvas-height><a href=#attr-canvas-height>height</a></code> attribute
+ defaults to 150.</p>
+
+ <p>The intrinsic dimensions of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element when it <a href=#represents>represents</a>
+ <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> are equal to the dimensions of the element's bitmap.</p>
+
+ <p>The user agent must use a square pixel density consisting of one pixel of image data per
+ coordinate space unit for the bitmaps of a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> and its rendering contexts.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element can be sized arbitrarily by a style sheet, its
+ bitmap is then subject to the 'object-fit' CSS property. <a href=#refsCSSIMAGES>[CSSIMAGES]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><!--ADD-TOPIC:Security--><p>The bitmaps of <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> elements, as well as some of the bitmaps of rendering
+ contexts, such as those described in the section on the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code>
+ object below, have an <dfn id=concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</dfn> flag, which can
+ be set to true or false. Initially, when the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element is created, its bitmap's
+ <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag must be set to true.</p>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> bitmap can also have a <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a>, as described in the
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> section below.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element can have a rendering context bound to it. Initially, it does not
+ have a bound rendering context. To keep track of whether it has a rendering context or not, and
+ what kind of rendering context it is, a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> also has a <dfn id=concept-canvas-context-mode title=concept-canvas-context-mode>canvas context mode</dfn>, which is initially <dfn id=concept-canvas-none title=concept-canvas-none>none</dfn> but can be changed to either <dfn id=concept-canvas-direct-2d title=concept-canvas-direct-2d>direct-2d</dfn>, <dfn id=concept-canvas-direct-webgl title=concept-canvas-direct-webgl>direct-webgl</dfn>, <dfn id=concept-canvas-indirect title=concept-canvas-indirect>indirect</dfn>, or <dfn id=concept-canvas-proxied title=concept-canvas-proxied>proxied</dfn> by algorithms defined in this specification.</p>
+
+ <p>When its <a href=#concept-canvas-context-mode title=concept-canvas-context-mode>canvas context mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-none title=concept-canvas-none>none</a>, a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element has no rendering context,
+ and its bitmap must be fully transparent black with an intrinsic width equal to the numeric value
+ of the element's <code title=attr-canvas-width><a href=#attr-canvas-width>width</a></code> attribute and an intrinsic height
+ equal to the numeric value of the element's <code title=attr-canvas-height><a href=#attr-canvas-height>height</a></code>
+ attribute, those values being interpreted in CSS pixels, and being updated as the attributes are
+ set, changed, or removed.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element represents <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a>, it <a href=#provides-a-paint-source>provides
+ a paint source</a> whose width is the element's intrinsic width, whose height is the element's
+ intrinsic height, and whose appearance is the element's bitmap.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever the <code title=attr-canvas-width><a href=#attr-canvas-width>width</a></code> and <code title=attr-canvas-height><a href=#attr-canvas-height>height</a></code> content attributes are set, removed, changed, or
+ redundantly set to the value they already have, if the <a href=#concept-canvas-context-mode title=concept-canvas-context-mode>canvas context mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-direct-2d title=concept-canvas-direct-2d>direct-2d</a><!-- (and the rendering context's <span
+ title="concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode">context bitmap mode</span>, therefore, is <span
+ title="concept-canvas-fixed">fixed</span>)-->, the user agent must <a href=#concept-canvas-set-bitmap-dimensions title=concept-canvas-set-bitmap-dimensions>set bitmap dimensions</a> to the numeric values of
+ the <code title=attr-canvas-width><a href=#attr-canvas-width>width</a></code> and <code title=attr-canvas-height><a href=#attr-canvas-height>height</a></code> content attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-canvas-width title=dom-canvas-width><code>width</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-canvas-height title=dom-canvas-height><code>height</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ respective content attributes of the same name, with the same defaults.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><!--ADD-TOPIC:DOM APIs--><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> = <var title="">canvas</var> . <code title=dom-canvas-getContext><a href=#dom-canvas-getcontext>getContext</a></code>(<var title="">contextId</var> [, ... ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an object that exposes an API for drawing on the canvas. The first argument specifies
+ the desired API, either "<code title=canvas-context-2d><a href=#canvas-context-2d>2d</a></code>" or "<code title=canvas-context-webgl><a href=#canvas-context-webgl>webgl</a></code>". Subsequent arguments are handled by that API.</p>
+
+ <p>This specification defines the "<code title=canvas-context-2d><a href=#canvas-context-2d>2d</a></code>" context below.
+ There is also a specification that defines a "<code title=canvas-context-webgl><a href=#canvas-context-webgl>webgl</a></code>"
+ context. <a href=#refsWEBGL>[WEBGL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Returns null if the given context ID is not supported, if the canvas has already been
+ initialised with the other context type (e.g. trying to get a "<code title=canvas-context-2d><a href=#canvas-context-2d>2d</a></code>" context after getting a "<code title=canvas-context-webgl><a href=#canvas-context-webgl>webgl</a></code>" context).</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the <code title=dom-canvas-setContext><a href=#dom-canvas-setcontext>setContext()</a></code> or <code title=dom-canvas-transferControlToProxy><a href=#dom-canvas-transfercontroltoproxy>transferControlToProxy()</a></code> methods have been
+ used.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">supported</var> = <var title="">canvas</var> . <code title=dom-canvas-probablySupportsContext><a href=#dom-canvas-probablysupportscontext>probablySupportsContext</a></code>(<var title="">contextId</var> [, ... ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns false if calling <code title=dom-canvas-getContext><a href=#dom-canvas-getcontext>getContext()</a></code> with the
+ same arguments would definitely return null, and true otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>This return value is not a guarantee that <code title=dom-canvas-getContext><a href=#dom-canvas-getcontext>getContext()</a></code> will or will not return an object, as
+ conditions (e.g. availability of system resources) can vary over time.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the <code title=dom-canvas-setContext><a href=#dom-canvas-setcontext>setContext()</a></code> or <code title=dom-canvas-transferControlToProxy><a href=#dom-canvas-transfercontroltoproxy>transferControlToProxy()</a></code> methods have been
+ used.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">canvas</var> . <code title=dom-canvas-setContext><a href=#dom-canvas-setcontext>setContext</a></code>(<var title="">context</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sets the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>' rendering context to the given object.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the <code title=dom-canvas-getContext><a href=#dom-canvas-getcontext>getContext()</a></code> or <code title=dom-canvas-transferControlToProxy><a href=#dom-canvas-transfercontroltoproxy>transferControlToProxy()</a></code> methods have been
+ used.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>There are two ways for a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element to acquire a rendering context: the
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element can provide one via the <code title=dom-canvas-getContext><a href=#dom-canvas-getcontext>getContext()</a></code> method, and one can be assigned to it via the
+ <code title=dom-canvas-setContext><a href=#dom-canvas-setcontext>setContext()</a></code> method. In addition, the whole issue of a
+ rendering context can be taken out of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's hands and passed to a
+ <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> object, which itself can then be assigned a rendering context using its
+ <code title=dom-CanvasProxy-setContext><a href=#dom-canvasproxy-setcontext>setContext()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ <p>These three methods are mutually exclusive; calling any of the three makes the other two start
+ throwing <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exceptions when called.</p>
+
+ <p>Each rendering context has a <dfn id=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap
+ mode</dfn>, which is one of <dfn id=concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</dfn>, <dfn id=concept-canvas-unbound title=concept-canvas-unbound>unbound</dfn>, or <dfn id=concept-canvas-bound title=concept-canvas-bound>bound</dfn>.
+ Initially, rendering contexts must be in the <a href=#concept-canvas-bound title=concept-canvas-bound>unbound</a>
+ mode.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-canvas-getcontext title=dom-canvas-getContext><code>getContext(<var title="">contextId</var>, <var title="">arguments...</var>)</code></dfn> method of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, when invoked,
+ must run the steps in the cell of the following table whose column header describes the
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-mode title=concept-canvas-context-mode>canvas context mode</a>
+ and whose row header describes the method's first argument.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><td>
+ <th><a href=#concept-canvas-none title=concept-canvas-none>none</a>
+ <th><a href=#concept-canvas-direct-2d title=concept-canvas-direct-2d>direct-2d</a>
+ <th><a href=#concept-canvas-direct-webgl title=concept-canvas-direct-webgl>direct-webgl</a>
+ <th><a href=#concept-canvas-indirect title=concept-canvas-indirect>indirect</a>
+ <th><a href=#concept-canvas-proxied title=concept-canvas-proxied>proxied</a>
+ <tbody><tr><th>"<dfn id=canvas-context-2d title=canvas-context-2d><code>2d</code></dfn>"
+ <td>
+ Set the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-mode title=concept-canvas-context-mode>context
+ mode</a> to <a href=#concept-canvas-direct-2d title=concept-canvas-direct-2d>direct-2d</a>; follow the <a href=#2d-context-creation-algorithm>2D
+ context creation algorithm</a> defined in the section below, passing it the
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, to obtain a <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object; set
+ that object's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap mode</a> to
+ <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a>, and return the
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object
+ <td>
+ Return the same object as was return the last time the method was invoked with this same
+ argument.
+ <td>
+ Return null.
+ <td>
+ Throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception.
+ <td>
+ Throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception.
+
+ <tr><th>"<dfn id=canvas-context-webgl title=canvas-context-webgl><code>webgl</code></dfn>", if the user agent supports the WebGL feature in its current configuration
+ <td>
+ Follow the instructions given in the WebGL specification's <i>Context Creation</i> section to
+ obtain either a <code><a href=#webglrenderingcontext>WebGLRenderingContext</a></code> or null; if the returned value is null,
+ then return null and abort these steps, otherwise, set the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-mode title=concept-canvas-context-mode>context mode</a> to <a href=#concept-canvas-direct-webgl title=concept-canvas-direct-webgl>direct-webgl</a>, set the new
+ <code><a href=#webglrenderingcontext>WebGLRenderingContext</a></code> object's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap mode</a> to <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a>, and return the <code><a href=#webglrenderingcontext>WebGLRenderingContext</a></code>
+ object&#x2021; <a href=#refsWEBGL>[WEBGL]</a>
+ <td>
+ Return null.
+ <td>
+ Return the same object as was return the last time the method was invoked with this same
+ argument.
+ <td>
+ Throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception.
+ <td>
+ Throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception.
+
+ <tr><th>A vendor-specific extension*
+ <td>
+ Behave as defined for the extension.
+ <td>
+ Behave as defined for the extension.
+ <td>
+ Behave as defined for the extension.
+ <td>
+ Throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception.
+ <td>
+ Throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception.
+
+ <tr><th>An unsupported value&dagger;
+ <td>
+ Return null.
+ <td>
+ Return null.
+ <td>
+ Return null.
+ <td>
+ Throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception.
+ <td>
+ Throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception.
+
+ </table><p class=tablenote><small>* Vendors may define experimental contexts using the syntax <code><var title="">vendorname</var>-<var title="">context</var></code>, for example,
+ <code>moz-3d</code>.</small></p>
+
+ <p class=tablenote><small>&dagger; For example, the "<code title=canvas-context-webgl><a href=#canvas-context-webgl>webgl</a></code>" value in the case of a user agent having exhausted the
+ graphics hardware's abilities and having no software fallback implementation.</small></p>
+
+ <p class=tablenote><small>&#x2021; The second (and subsequent) argument(s) to the method, if
+ any, are ignored in all cases except this one. See the WebGL specification for
+ details.</small></p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-canvas-probablysupportscontext title=dom-canvas-probablySupportsContext><code>probablySupportsContext(<var title="">contextId</var>,
+ <var title="">arguments...</var>)</code></dfn> method of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, when
+ invoked, must return false if calling <code title=dom-canvas-getContext><a href=#dom-canvas-getcontext>getContext()</a></code> on
+ the same object and with the same arguments would definitely return null at this time, and true
+ otherwise.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-canvas-setcontext title=dom-canvas-setContext><code>setContext(<var title="">context</var>)</code></dfn> method of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, when invoked, must
+ run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-mode title=concept-canvas-context-mode>canvas
+ context mode</a> is neither <a href=#concept-canvas-none title=concept-canvas-none>none</a> nor <a href=#concept-canvas-indirect title=concept-canvas-indirect>indirect</a>, throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code>
+ exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">context</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context
+ bitmap mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a>, then throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">context</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context
+ bitmap mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-bound title=concept-canvas-bound>bound</a>, then run <var title="">context</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-unbinding-steps title=concept-canvas-unbinding-steps>unbinding steps</a> and
+ set its <var title="">context</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context
+ bitmap mode</a> to <a href=#concept-canvas-unbound title=concept-canvas-unbound>unbound</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run <var title="">context</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-binding-steps title=concept-canvas-binding-steps>binding
+ steps</a> to bind it to this <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-mode title=concept-canvas-context-mode>context
+ mode</a> to <a href=#concept-canvas-indirect title=concept-canvas-indirect>indirect</a> and the <var title="">context</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap
+ mode</a> to <a href=#concept-canvas-bound title=concept-canvas-bound>bound</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr></div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">url</var> = <var title="">canvas</var> . <code title=dom-canvas-toDataURL><a href=#dom-canvas-todataurl>toDataURL</a></code>( [ <var title="">type</var>, ... ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <a href=#data-protocol title="data protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URL</a> for the image in
+ the canvas.</p>
+
+ <p>The first argument, if provided, controls the type of the image to be returned (e.g. PNG or
+ JPEG). The default is <code title="">image/png</code>; that type is also used if the given type
+ isn't supported. The other arguments are specific to the type, and control the way that the
+ image is generated, as given <a href=#canvas-serialization-arguments>in the table
+ below</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When trying to use types other than "<code>image/png</code>", authors can check if the image
+ was really returned in the requested format by checking to see if the returned string starts
+ with one of the exact strings "<code title="">data:image/png,</code>" or "<code title="">data:image/png;</code>". If it does, the image is PNG, and thus the requested type was
+ not supported. (The one exception to this is if the canvas has either no height or no width, in
+ which case the result might simply be "<code title="">data:,</code>".)</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">canvas</var> . <code title=dom-canvas-toBlob><a href=#dom-canvas-toblob>toBlob</a></code>(<var title="">callback</var> [, <var title="">type</var>, ... ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Creates a <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object representing a file containing the image in the canvas,
+ and invokes a callback with a handle to that object.</p>
+
+ <p>The second argument, if provided, controls the type of the image to be returned (e.g. PNG or
+ JPEG). The default is <code title="">image/png</code>; that type is also used if the given type
+ isn't supported. The other arguments are specific to the type, and control the way that the
+ image is generated, as given <a href=#canvas-serialization-arguments>in the table
+ below</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-canvas-todataurl title=dom-canvas-toDataURL><code>toDataURL()</code></dfn> method must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!--ADD-TOPIC:Security--><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's bitmap's <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag is set to false, throw a
+ <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's bitmap has no pixels (i.e. either its horizontal
+ dimension or its vertical dimension is zero) then return the string "<code title="">data:,</code>" and abort these steps. (This is the shortest <a href=#data-protocol title="data
+ protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URL</a>; it represents the empty string in a <code title="">text/plain</code> resource.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">file</var> be <a href=#a-serialization-of-the-bitmap-as-a-file title="a serialization of the bitmap as a file">a
+ serialization of the <code>canvas</code> element's bitmap as a file</a>, using the method's
+ arguments (if any) as the <var title="">arguments</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return a <a href=#data-protocol title="data protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URL</a> representing
+ <var title="">file</var>. <a href=#refsRFC2397>[RFC2397]</a></p>
+
+ <!-- should we explicitly require the URL to be base64-encoded and not have any parameters, to
+ ensure the same exact URL is generated in each browser? -->
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-canvas-toblob title=dom-canvas-toBlob><code>toBlob()</code></dfn> method must run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!--ADD-TOPIC:Security--><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's bitmap's <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag is set to false, throw a
+ <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">callback</var> be the first argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">arguments</var> be the second and subsequent arguments to the method, if
+ any.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's bitmap has no pixels (i.e. either its horizontal
+ dimension or its vertical dimension is zero) then let <var title="">result</var> be null.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">result</var> be a <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object representing <a href=#a-serialization-of-the-bitmap-as-a-file title="a serialization of the bitmap as a file">a serialization of the <code>canvas</code>
+ element's bitmap as a file</a>, using <var title="">arguments</var>. <a href=#refsFILEAPI>[FILEAPI]</a> </p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return, but continue running these steps asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">callback</var> is null, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to invoke the <code><a href=#filecallback>FileCallback</a></code> <var title="">callback</var> with <var title="">result</var> as its argument. The <a href=#task-source>task
+ source</a> for this task is the <dfn id=canvas-blob-serialization-task-source>canvas blob serialization task source</dfn>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+ <!--REMOVE-TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+
+
+ <!--ADD-TOPIC:Workers-->
+ <h5 id=proxying-canvases-to-workers><span class=secno>4.12.4.1 </span>Proxying canvases to workers</h5>
+
+ <p>Since DOM nodes cannot be accessed across worker boundaries, a proxy object is needed to enable
+ workers to render to <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> elements in <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</dfn> {
+ void <a href=#dom-canvasproxy-setcontext title=dom-CanvasProxy-setContext>setContext</a>(<a href=#renderingcontext>RenderingContext</a> context);
+};
+// <a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a> implements <a href=#transferable>Transferable</a>;</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">canvasProxy</var> = <var title="">canvas</var> . <code title=dom-canvas-transferControlToProxy><a href=#dom-canvas-transfercontroltoproxy>transferControlToProxy</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> object that can be used to transfer control for this
+ canvas over to another document (e.g. an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> from another <a href=#origin>origin</a>)
+ or to a worker.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the <code title=dom-canvas-getContext><a href=#dom-canvas-getcontext>getContext()</a></code> or <code title=dom-canvas-setContext><a href=#dom-canvas-setcontext>setContext()</a></code> methods have been used.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">canvasProxy</var> . <code title=dom-CanvasProxy-setContext><a href=#dom-canvasproxy-setcontext>setContext</a></code>(<var title="">context</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sets the <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> object's <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's rendering context to
+ the given object.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> has been
+ <a href=#transfer-a-transferable-object title="transfer a Transferable object">transfered</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-canvas-transfercontroltoproxy title=dom-canvas-transferControlToProxy><code>transferControlToProxy()</code></dfn>
+ method of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, when invoked, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-mode title=concept-canvas-context-mode>canvas
+ context mode</a> is not <a href=#concept-canvas-none title=concept-canvas-none>none</a>, throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-mode title=concept-canvas-context-mode>context
+ mode</a> to <a href=#concept-canvas-proxied title=concept-canvas-proxied>proxied</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return a <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> object bound to this <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>
+ element.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>A <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> object can be <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-transferable-neutered>neutered</a> (like any <code><a href=#transferable>Transferable</a></code> object),
+ meaning it can no longer be <a href=#transfer-a-transferable-object title="transfer a Transferable object">transferred</a>, and
+ can be <dfn id=concept-canvasproxy-disabled title=concept-CanvasProxy-disabled>disabled</dfn>, meaning it can no longer be bound
+ to rendering contexts. When first created, a <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> object must be neither.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> is created with a link to a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element. A
+ <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> object that has not been <a href=#concept-canvasproxy-disabled title=concept-CanvasProxy-disabled>disabled</a> must have a strong reference to its canvas
+ element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-canvasproxy-setcontext title=dom-CanvasProxy-setContext><code>setContext(<var title="">context</var>)</code></dfn> method of <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> objects, when invoked,
+ must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> object has been <a href=#concept-canvasproxy-disabled title=concept-CanvasProxy-disabled>disabled</a>, throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code>
+ exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> object has not been <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-transferable-neutered>neutered</a>, then <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-transferable-neutered>neuter</a> it.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">context</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context
+ bitmap mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a>, then throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">context</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context
+ bitmap mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-bound title=concept-canvas-bound>bound</a>, then run <var title="">context</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-unbinding-steps title=concept-canvas-unbinding-steps>unbinding steps</a> and
+ set its <var title="">context</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context
+ bitmap mode</a> to <a href=#concept-canvas-unbound title=concept-canvas-unbound>unbound</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run <var title="">context</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-binding-steps title=concept-canvas-binding-steps>binding
+ steps</a> to bind it to this <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> object's <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>
+ element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <var title="">context</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap mode</a> to <a href=#concept-canvas-bound title=concept-canvas-bound>bound</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p id=transferCanvasProxy>To <a href=#transfer-a-transferable-object title="transfer a Transferable object">transfer</a> a
+ <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> object <var title="">old</var> to a new owner <var title="">owner</var>,
+ a user agent must create a new <code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code> object linked to the same
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element as <var title="">old</var>, thus obtaining <var title="">new</var>,
+ must <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-Transferable-neutered>neuter</a> and <a href=#concept-canvasproxy-disabled title=concept-CanvasProxy-disabled>disable</a> the <var title="">old</var> object, and must
+ finally return <var title="">new</var>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is a clock implemented on a worker. First, the main page:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Clock&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;canvas&gt;&lt;/canvas&gt; <!-- defaults to 300x150 -->
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var canvas = document.getElementsByTagName('canvas')[0];
+ var proxy = canvas.transferControlToProxy();
+ var worker = new Worker('clock.js');
+ worker.postMessage(proxy, [proxy]);
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Second, the worker:</p>
+
+ <pre>onmessage = function (event) {
+ var context = new CanvasRenderingContext2D();
+ event.data.setContext(context); // event.data is the CanvasProxy object
+ setInterval(function () {
+ context.clearRect(0, 0, context.width, context.height);
+ context.fillText(new Date(), 0, 100);
+ context.commit();
+ }, 1000);
+};</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Workers-->
+
+
+ <h5 id=2dcontext><span class=secno>4.12.4.2 </span>The 2D rendering context</h5>
+
+ <!-- v2: we're on v5. suggestions for subsequent versions are marked v6, v7, v8. -->
+
+ <pre class=idl>typedef (<a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a> or
+ <a href=#htmlvideoelement>HTMLVideoElement</a> or
+ <a href=#htmlcanvaselement>HTMLCanvasElement</a> or
+ <a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a> or
+ <a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a>) <dfn id=canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</dfn>;
+
+enum <dfn id=canvasfillrule>CanvasFillRule</dfn> { "<a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero>nonzero</a>", "<a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-evenodd title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-evenodd>evenodd</a>" };
+
+[<a href=#dom-context-2d title=dom-context-2d>Constructor</a>(optional unsigned long width, unsigned long height), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</dfn> {
+
+ // back-reference to the canvas
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcanvaselement>HTMLCanvasElement</a> <a href=#dom-context-2d-canvas title=dom-context-2d-canvas>canvas</a>;
+
+ // canvas dimensions
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-context-2d-width title=dom-context-2d-width>width</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-context-2d-height title=dom-context-2d-height>height</a>;
+
+ // for contexts that aren't directly <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a> to a specific canvas
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-commit title=dom-context-2d-commit>commit</a>(); // push the image to the <a href=#output-bitmap>output bitmap</a>
+
+ // state
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-save title=dom-context-2d-save>save</a>(); // push state on state stack
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-restore title=dom-context-2d-restore>restore</a>(); // pop state stack and restore state
+<!--
+ // v7 we've also received requests for:
+ attribute boolean <span title="dom-context-2d-forceHighQuality">forceHighQuality</span> // (default false)
+ // when enabled, it would prevent the UA from falling back on lower-quality but faster rendering routines
+ // useful e.g. for when an image manipulation app uses <canvas> both for UI previews and the actual work
+
+-->
+ // transformations (default transform is the identity matrix)
+ attribute <a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a> <a href=#dom-context-2d-currenttransform title=dom-context-2d-currentTransform>currentTransform</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-scale title=dom-context-2d-scale>scale</a>(unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-rotate title=dom-context-2d-rotate>rotate</a>(unrestricted double angle);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-translate title=dom-context-2d-translate>translate</a>(unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-transform title=dom-context-2d-transform>transform</a>(unrestricted double a, unrestricted double b, unrestricted double c, unrestricted double d, unrestricted double e, unrestricted double f);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-settransform title=dom-context-2d-setTransform>setTransform</a>(unrestricted double a, unrestricted double b, unrestricted double c, unrestricted double d, unrestricted double e, unrestricted double f);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-resettransform title=dom-context-2d-resetTransform>resetTransform</a>();
+<!--
+ // v7 we've also received requests (though not many so far) for:
+ void skew(...); // is this common enough that one can't just use setTransform()?
+ void reflect(...); and void mirror(...); // aren't negative values in scale() sufficient for these?
+
+-->
+ // compositing
+ attribute unrestricted double <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha>globalAlpha</a>; // (default 1.0)
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation>globalCompositeOperation</a>; // (default source-over)
+
+ // image smoothing
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-context-2d-imagesmoothingenabled title=dom-context-2d-imageSmoothingEnabled>imageSmoothingEnabled</a>; // (default true)
+<!--
+ // v7 we've also received requests for:
+ - turning off antialiasing to avoid seams when patterns are painted next to each other
+ - might be better to overdraw?
+ - might be better to just draw at a higher res then downsample, like for 3d?
+ - nested layers
+ - the ability to composite an entire set of drawing operations with one shadow all at once
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2008-August/015567.html
+
+-->
+ // colors and styles (see also the <a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a> interface)
+ attribute (DOMString or CanvasGradient or CanvasPattern) <a href=#dom-context-2d-strokestyle title=dom-context-2d-strokeStyle>strokeStyle</a>; // (default black)
+ attribute (DOMString or CanvasGradient or CanvasPattern) <a href=#dom-context-2d-fillstyle title=dom-context-2d-fillStyle>fillStyle</a>; // (default black)
+ <a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a> <a href=#dom-context-2d-createlineargradient title=dom-context-2d-createLinearGradient>createLinearGradient</a>(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1);
+ <a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a> <a href=#dom-context-2d-createradialgradient title=dom-context-2d-createRadialGradient>createRadialGradient</a>(double x0, double y0, double r0, double x1, double y1, double r1);
+ <a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a> <a href=#dom-context-2d-createpattern title=dom-context-2d-createPattern>createPattern</a>(<a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a> image, [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] DOMString repetition);
+<!--
+ // v8 we received one request from Ralf Richard G&oml;bel for a new kind of pattern: a hatch.
+ // basically it would be a series of dash styles, angles, line widths, and offsets
+-->
+ // shadows
+ attribute unrestricted double <a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowoffsetx title=dom-context-2d-shadowOffsetX>shadowOffsetX</a>; // (default 0)
+ attribute unrestricted double <a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowoffsety title=dom-context-2d-shadowOffsetY>shadowOffsetY</a>; // (default 0)
+ attribute unrestricted double <a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowblur title=dom-context-2d-shadowBlur>shadowBlur</a>; // (default 0)
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowcolor title=dom-context-2d-shadowColor>shadowColor</a>; // (default transparent black)
+
+ // rects
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-clearrect title=dom-context-2d-clearRect>clearRect</a>(unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, unrestricted double w, unrestricted double h);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrect title=dom-context-2d-fillRect>fillRect</a>(unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, unrestricted double w, unrestricted double h);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-strokerect title=dom-context-2d-strokeRect>strokeRect</a>(unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, unrestricted double w, unrestricted double h);
+
+ // path API (see also <a href=#canvaspathmethods>CanvasPathMethods</a>)
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-beginpath title=dom-context-2d-beginPath>beginPath</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-fill title=dom-context-2d-fill>fill</a>(optional <a href=#canvasfillrule>CanvasFillRule</a> fillRule = "<a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero>nonzero</a>");
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-fill title=dom-context-2d-fill>fill</a>(<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path, optional <a href=#canvasfillrule>CanvasFillRule</a> fillRule = "<a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero>nonzero</a>");
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-stroke title=dom-context-2d-stroke>stroke</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-stroke title=dom-context-2d-stroke>stroke</a>(<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-drawsystemfocusring title=dom-context-2d-drawSystemFocusRing>drawSystemFocusRing</a>(<a href=#element>Element</a> element);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-drawsystemfocusring title=dom-context-2d-drawSystemFocusRing>drawSystemFocusRing</a>(<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path, <a href=#element>Element</a> element);
+ boolean <a href=#dom-context-2d-drawcustomfocusring title=dom-context-2d-drawCustomFocusRing>drawCustomFocusRing</a>(<a href=#element>Element</a> element);
+ boolean <a href=#dom-context-2d-drawcustomfocusring title=dom-context-2d-drawCustomFocusRing>drawCustomFocusRing</a>(<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path, <a href=#element>Element</a> element);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-scrollpathintoview title=dom-context-2d-scrollPathIntoView>scrollPathIntoView</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-scrollpathintoview title=dom-context-2d-scrollPathIntoView>scrollPathIntoView</a>(<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-clip title=dom-context-2d-clip>clip</a>(optional <a href=#canvasfillrule>CanvasFillRule</a> fillRule = "<a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero>nonzero</a>");
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-clip title=dom-context-2d-clip>clip</a>(<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path, optional <a href=#canvasfillrule>CanvasFillRule</a> fillRule = "<a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero>nonzero</a>");
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-resetclip title=dom-context-2d-resetClip>resetClip</a>();
+ boolean <a href=#dom-context-2d-ispointinpath title=dom-context-2d-isPointInPath>isPointInPath</a>(unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, optional <a href=#canvasfillrule>CanvasFillRule</a> fillRule = "<a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero>nonzero</a>");
+ boolean <a href=#dom-context-2d-ispointinpath title=dom-context-2d-isPointInPath>isPointInPath</a>(<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path, unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, optional <a href=#canvasfillrule>CanvasFillRule</a> fillRule = "<a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero>nonzero</a>");
+ boolean <a href=#dom-context-2d-ispointinstroke title=dom-context-2d-isPointInStroke>isPointInStroke</a>(unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y);
+ boolean <a href=#dom-context-2d-ispointinstroke title=dom-context-2d-isPointInStroke>isPointInStroke</a>(<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path, unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y);
+
+ // text (see also the <a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a> interface)
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-filltext title=dom-context-2d-fillText>fillText</a>(DOMString text, unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, optional unrestricted double maxWidth);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-stroketext title=dom-context-2d-strokeText>strokeText</a>(DOMString text, unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, optional unrestricted double maxWidth);<!-- v6DVT
+ void <span title="dom-context-2d-fillVerticalText">fillVerticalText</span>(DOMString text, unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, optional unrestricted double maxHeight);
+ void <span title="dom-context-2d-strokeVerticalText">strokeVerticalText</span>(DOMString text, unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, optional unrestricted double maxHeight); -->
+ <a href=#textmetrics>TextMetrics</a> <a href=#dom-context-2d-measuretext title=dom-context-2d-measureText>measureText</a>(DOMString text);
+
+ // drawing images
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-drawimage title=dom-context-2d-drawImage>drawImage</a>(<a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a> image, unrestricted double dx, unrestricted double dy);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-drawimage title=dom-context-2d-drawImage>drawImage</a>(<a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a> image, unrestricted double dx, unrestricted double dy, unrestricted double dw, unrestricted double dh);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-drawimage title=dom-context-2d-drawImage>drawImage</a>(<a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a> image, unrestricted double sx, unrestricted double sy, unrestricted double sw, unrestricted double sh, unrestricted double dx, unrestricted double dy, unrestricted double dw, unrestricted double dh);
+
+ // hit regions
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-addhitregion title=dom-context-2d-addHitRegion>addHitRegion</a>(optional <a href=#hitregionoptions>HitRegionOptions</a> options);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-removehitregion title=dom-context-2d-removeHitRegion>removeHitRegion</a>(DOMString id);
+
+ // pixel manipulation
+ <a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a> <a href=#dom-context-2d-createimagedata title=dom-context-2d-createImageData>createImageData</a>(double sw, double sh);
+ <a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a> <a href=#dom-context-2d-createimagedata title=dom-context-2d-createImageData>createImageData</a>(<a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a> imagedata);
+ <a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a> <a href=#dom-context-2d-getimagedata title=dom-context-2d-getImageData>getImageData</a>(double sx, double sy, double sw, double sh);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-putimagedata title=dom-context-2d-putImageData>putImageData</a>(<a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a> imagedata, double dx, double dy);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-putimagedata title=dom-context-2d-putImageData>putImageData</a>(<a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a> imagedata, double dx, double dy, double dirtyX, double dirtyY, double dirtyWidth, double dirtyHeight);
+};
+<a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a> implements <a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a>;
+<a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a> implements <a href=#canvaspathmethods>CanvasPathMethods</a>;
+
+[NoInterfaceObject, Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</dfn> {
+ // line caps/joins
+ attribute unrestricted double <a href=#dom-context-2d-linewidth title=dom-context-2d-lineWidth>lineWidth</a>; // (default 1)
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-context-2d-linecap title=dom-context-2d-lineCap>lineCap</a>; // "butt", "round", "square" (default "butt")
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-context-2d-linejoin title=dom-context-2d-lineJoin>lineJoin</a>; // "round", "bevel", "miter" (default "miter")
+ attribute unrestricted double <a href=#dom-context-2d-miterlimit title=dom-context-2d-miterLimit>miterLimit</a>; // (default 10)
+
+ // dashed lines
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-setlinedash title=dom-context-2d-setLineDash>setLineDash</a>(sequence&lt;unrestricted double&gt; segments); // default empty
+ sequence&lt;unrestricted double&gt; <a href=#dom-context-2d-getlinedash title=dom-context-2d-getLineDash>getLineDash</a>();
+ attribute unrestricted double <a href=#dom-context-2d-linedashoffset title=dom-context-2d-lineDashOffset>lineDashOffset</a>;
+
+ // text
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-context-2d-font title=dom-context-2d-font>font</a>; // (default 10px sans-serif)
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign title=dom-context-2d-textAlign>textAlign</a>; // "start", "end", "left", "right", "center" (default: "start")
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline>textBaseline</a>; // "top", "hanging", "middle", "alphabetic", "ideographic", "bottom" (default: "alphabetic")
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-context-2d-direction title=dom-context-2d-direction>direction</a>; // "ltr", "rtl"<!--, "auto"-->, "inherit" (default: "inherit")
+};
+
+[NoInterfaceObject, Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=canvaspathmethods>CanvasPathMethods</dfn> {
+ // shared path API methods
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-closepath title=dom-context-2d-closePath>closePath</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-moveto title=dom-context-2d-moveTo>moveTo</a>(unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-lineto title=dom-context-2d-lineTo>lineTo</a>(unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-quadraticcurveto title=dom-context-2d-quadraticCurveTo>quadraticCurveTo</a>(unrestricted double cpx, unrestricted double cpy, unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-beziercurveto title=dom-context-2d-bezierCurveTo>bezierCurveTo</a>(unrestricted double cp1x, unrestricted double cp1y, unrestricted double cp2x, unrestricted double cp2y, unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-arcto title=dom-context-2d-arcTo>arcTo</a>(unrestricted double x1, unrestricted double y1, unrestricted double x2, unrestricted double y2, unrestricted double radius); <!-- see ARC-ORDER note below -->
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-arcto title=dom-context-2d-arcTo>arcTo</a>(unrestricted double x1, unrestricted double y1, unrestricted double x2, unrestricted double y2, unrestricted double radiusX, unrestricted double radiusY, unrestricted double rotation); <!-- see ARC-ORDER note below -->
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-rect title=dom-context-2d-rect>rect</a>(unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, unrestricted double w, unrestricted double h);
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-arc title=dom-context-2d-arc>arc</a>(unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, unrestricted double radius, unrestricted double startAngle, unrestricted double endAngle, optional boolean anticlockwise = false); <!-- see ARC-ORDER note below -->
+ void <a href=#dom-context-2d-ellipse title=dom-context-2d-ellipse>ellipse</a>(unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, unrestricted double radiusX, unrestricted double radiusY, unrestricted double rotation, unrestricted double startAngle, unrestricted double endAngle, optional boolean anticlockwise = false); <!-- see ARC-ORDER note below -->
+};
+
+[Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</dfn> {
+ // opaque object
+ void <a href=#dom-canvasgradient-addcolorstop title=dom-canvasgradient-addColorStop>addColorStop</a>(double offset, DOMString color);
+};
+
+[Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</dfn> {
+ // opaque object
+ void <a href=#dom-canvaspattern-settransform title=dom-canvaspattern-setTransform>setTransform</a>(<a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a> transform);
+};
+
+[Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=textmetrics>TextMetrics</dfn> {
+ // x-direction
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-textmetrics-width title=dom-textmetrics-width>width</a>; // advance width
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxleft title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxLeft>actualBoundingBoxLeft</a>;
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxright title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxRight>actualBoundingBoxRight</a>;
+
+ // y-direction
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-textmetrics-fontboundingboxascent title=dom-textmetrics-fontBoundingBoxAscent>fontBoundingBoxAscent</a>;
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-textmetrics-fontboundingboxdescent title=dom-textmetrics-fontBoundingBoxDescent>fontBoundingBoxDescent</a>;
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxascent title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxAscent>actualBoundingBoxAscent</a>;
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxdescent title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxDescent>actualBoundingBoxDescent</a>;
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-textmetrics-emheightascent title=dom-textmetrics-emHeightAscent>emHeightAscent</a>;
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-textmetrics-emheightdescent title=dom-textmetrics-emHeightDescent>emHeightDescent</a>;
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-textmetrics-hangingbaseline title=dom-textmetrics-hangingBaseline>hangingBaseline</a>;
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-textmetrics-alphabeticbaseline title=dom-textmetrics-alphabeticBaseline>alphabeticBaseline</a>;
+ readonly attribute double <a href=#dom-textmetrics-ideographicbaseline title=dom-textmetrics-ideographicBaseline>ideographicBaseline</a>;
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=hitregionoptions>HitRegionOptions</dfn> {
+ <a href=#path2d>Path2D</a>? <a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-path title=dom-HitRegionOptions-path>path</a> = null;
+ <a href=#canvasfillrule>CanvasFillRule</a> <a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-fillrule title=dom-HitRegionOptions-fillRule>fillRule</a> = "<a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero>nonzero</a>";
+<!-- <span>SVGMatrix</span>? <span title="dom-HitRegionOptions-transform">transform</span> = null;
+--> DOMString <a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-id title=dom-HitRegionOptions-id>id</a> = ""; <!-- "" is converted to null internally by addHitRegion() -->
+ DOMString? <a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-parentid title=dom-HitRegionOptions-parentID>parentID</a> = null;
+ DOMString <a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-cursor title=dom-HitRegionOptions-cursor>cursor</a> = "inherit";
+ // for control-backed regions:
+ <a href=#element>Element</a>? <a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-control title=dom-HitRegionOptions-control>control</a> = null;
+ // for unbacked regions:
+ DOMString? <a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-label title=dom-HitRegionOptions-label>label</a> = null;
+ DOMString? <a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-role title=dom-HitRegionOptions-role>role</a> = null;
+};
+
+[<a href=#dom-imagedata title=dom-imagedata>Constructor</a>(unsigned long sw, unsigned long sh),
+ <a href=#dom-imagedata title=dom-imagedata>Constructor</a>(<a href=#uint8clampedarray>Uint8ClampedArray</a> data, unsigned long sw, optional unsigned long sh),
+ Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=imagedata>ImageData</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-imagedata-width title=dom-imagedata-width>width</a>;
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-imagedata-height title=dom-imagedata-height>height</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#uint8clampedarray>Uint8ClampedArray</a> <a href=#dom-imagedata-data title=dom-imagedata-data>data</a>;
+};
+
+[<a href=#dom-drawingstyle title=dom-DrawingStyle>Constructor</a>(optional <a href=#element>Element</a> scope), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</dfn> { };
+<a href=#drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a> implements <a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a>;
+
+[<a href=#dom-path2d title=dom-Path2D>Constructor</a>,
+ <a href=#dom-path2d-copy title=dom-Path2D-copy>Constructor</a>(<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path),
+ <a href=#dom-path2d-merge title=dom-Path2D-merge>Constructor</a>(<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a>[] paths, <a href=#canvasfillrule>CanvasFillRule</a> fillRule = "<a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero>nonzero</a>"),
+ <a href=#dom-path2d-withdata title=dom-Path2D-withdata>Constructor</a>(DOMString d), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=path2d>Path2D</dfn> {
+ void <a href=#dom-path2d-addpath title=dom-Path2D-addPath>addPath</a>(<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path, optional <a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a>? transformation = null);
+ void <a href=#dom-path2d-addpathbystrokingpath title=dom-Path2D-addPathByStrokingPath>addPathByStrokingPath</a>(<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path, <a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a> styles, optional <a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a>? transformation = null);
+ void <a href=#dom-path2d-addtext title=dom-Path2D-addText>addText</a>(DOMString text, <a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a> styles, <a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a>? transformation, unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, optional unrestricted double maxWidth);
+ void <a href=#dom-path2d-addpathbystrokingtext title=dom-Path2D-addPathByStrokingText>addPathByStrokingText</a>(DOMString text, <a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a> styles, <a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a>? transformation, unrestricted double x, unrestricted double y, optional unrestricted double maxWidth);
+ void <a href=#dom-path2d-addtext title=dom-Path2D-addText>addText</a>(DOMString text, <a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a> styles, <a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a>? transformation, <a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path, optional unrestricted double maxWidth);
+ void <a href=#dom-path2d-addpathbystrokingtext title=dom-Path2D-addPathByStrokingText>addPathByStrokingText</a>(DOMString text, <a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a> styles, <a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a>? transformation, <a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> path, optional unrestricted double maxWidth);
+};
+<a href=#path2d>Path2D</a> implements <a href=#canvaspathmethods>CanvasPathMethods</a>;</pre>
+
+ <!-- ARC-ORDER note (see above):
+ some demos rely on the precise order of the arc() and arcTo()
+ methods, see https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=623437
+ for an example, and its duplicates for more -->
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> = <var title="">canvas</var> . <code title=dom-canvas-getContext><a href=#dom-canvas-getcontext>getContext</a></code>('2d')</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object that is permanently bound to a
+ particular <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> = new <code title=dom-context-2d><a href=#dom-context-2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code>( [ <var title="">width</var>, <var title="">height</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an unbound <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object with an implied bitmap with
+ the given dimensions in CSS pixels (300x150, if the arguments are omitted).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-canvas><a href=#dom-context-2d-canvas>canvas</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, if the rendering context was obtained using the
+ <code title=dom-canvas-getContext><a href=#dom-canvas-getcontext>getContext()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-width><a href=#dom-context-2d-width>width</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-height><a href=#dom-context-2d-height>height</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return the dimensions of the bitmap, in CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to update the bitmap's dimensions. If the rendering context is bound to a canvas,
+ this will also update the canvas' intrinsic dimensions.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-commit><a href=#dom-context-2d-commit>commit</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the rendering context is bound to a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>, display the current frame.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object can be obtained in two ways: the <code title=dom-canvas-getContext><a href=#dom-canvas-getcontext>getContext()</a></code> method on a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element (which
+ invokes the <a href=#2d-context-creation-algorithm>2D context creation algorithm</a>), and the <code title=dom-context-2d><a href=#dom-context-2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D()</a></code> constructor.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object has a <dfn id=scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</dfn> and can be bound
+ to an <dfn id=output-bitmap>output bitmap</dfn>. These are initialised when the object is created, and can be
+ subsequently adjusted when the rendering context is <a href=#concept-canvas-binding-steps title=concept-canvas-binding-steps>bound</a> or <a href=#concept-canvas-unbinding-steps title=concept-canvas-unbinding-steps>unbound</a>. In some cases, these bitmaps are the same
+ underlying bitmap. In general, the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> is what scripts interact with, and
+ the <a href=#output-bitmap>output bitmap</a> is what is being displayed. These bitmaps always have the same
+ dimensions.</p>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <p>Each such bitmap has an <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag,
+ which can be set to true or false. Initially, when one of these bitmaps is created, its <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag must be set to true.</p>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <p>These bitmaps also have a <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a>, which is described in a later section.
+ Initially, this list is empty. <a href=#scratch-bitmap title="scratch bitmap">Scratch bitmaps</a> also have a
+ <dfn id=list-of-pending-interface-actions>list of pending interface actions</dfn>, which can contain instructions to draw the user's
+ attention to a location on the bitmap, and instructions to scroll to a location on the bitmap.
+ Initially, this list is also empty.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> 2D rendering context represents a flat linear
+ Cartesian surface whose origin (0,0) is at the top left corner, with the coordinate space having
+ <var title="">x</var> values increasing when going right, and <var title="">y</var> values
+ increasing when going down. The <var title="">x</var>-coordinate of the right-most edge is equal to
+ the width of the rendering context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> in CSS pixels; similarly, the
+ <var title="">y</var>-coordinate of the bottom-most edge is equal to the height of the rendering
+ context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> in CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ <p>The size of the coordinate space does not necessarily represent the size of the actual bitmaps
+ that the user agent will use internally or during rendering. On high-definition displays, for
+ instance, the user agent may internally use bitmaps with two device pixels per unit in the
+ coordinate space, so that the rendering remains at high quality throughout. Anti-aliasing can
+ similarly be implemented using over-sampling with bitmaps of a higher resolution than the final
+ image on the display.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=2d-context-creation-algorithm>2D context creation algorithm</dfn>, which is passed a <var title="">target</var> (a
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element), consists of running the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Initialise its <code title=dom-context-2d-canvas><a href=#dom-context-2d-canvas>canvas</a></code> attribute to point to
+ <var title="">target</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the new <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#output-bitmap>output bitmap</a> and
+ <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> both be the same bitmap as <var title="">target</var>'s bitmap (so
+ that they are shared).</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-canvas-set-bitmap-dimensions title=concept-canvas-set-bitmap-dimensions>Set bitmap dimensions</a> to the
+ numeric values of <var title="">target</var>'s <code title=attr-canvas-width><a href=#attr-canvas-width>width</a></code> and
+ <code title=attr-canvas-height><a href=#attr-canvas-height>height</a></code> content attributes.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the new <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d title=dom-context-2d><code>CanvasRenderingContext2D()</code></dfn> constructor, when
+ invoked, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Initialise its <code title=dom-context-2d-canvas><a href=#dom-context-2d-canvas>canvas</a></code> attribute to
+ null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the new <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> be
+ a new bitmap.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the constructor was called with arguments, let <var title="">width</var> and <var title="">height</var> be the first and second arguments, respectively. Otherwise, let <var title="">width</var> and <var title="">height</var> be 300 and 150, respectively.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-canvas-set-bitmap-dimensions title=concept-canvas-set-bitmap-dimensions>Set bitmap dimensions</a> to <var title="">width</var> and <var title="">height</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the new <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object have no <a href=#output-bitmap>output
+ bitmap</a>.</li>
+
+<!--
+ <li><p><span>Start autocommitting the scratch bitmap</span> for the new
+ <code>CanvasRenderingContext2D</code> object.</p></li>
+-->
+
+ <li><p>Return the new <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=commit-the-scratch-bitmap>commit the scratch bitmap</dfn> for a rendering
+ context, it must run the following steps:
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">bitmap copy</var> be a copy of the rendering context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch
+ bitmap</a>.</li>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">origin-clean flag copy</var> be a copy of the rendering context's
+ <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a>
+ flag.</li>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">hit region list copy</var> be a copy of the rendering context's
+ <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">list of pending interface actions copy</var> be a copy of the rendering
+ context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#list-of-pending-interface-actions>list of pending interface actions</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Empty the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#list-of-pending-interface-actions>list of pending interface actions</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the rendering context has no <a href=#output-bitmap>output bitmap</a>, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">output bitmap</var> be the rendering context's <a href=#output-bitmap>output
+ bitmap</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">canvas</var> be the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element to which the rendering
+ context was most recently <a href=#concept-canvas-binding-steps title=concept-canvas-binding-steps>bound</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> associated with <var title="">canvas</var>' <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ to perform the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Overwrite <var title="">output bitmap</var> with <var title="">bitmap
+ copy</var>.</li>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <li><p>Overwrite <var title="">output bitmap</var>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag with <var title="">origin-clean
+ flag copy</var>.</li>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <li><p>Overwrite <var title="">output bitmap</var>'s <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a> with <var title="">hit region list copy</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Follow the directions in the <var title="">list of pending interface actions
+ copy</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p>The algorithm above must use the <dfn id=canvas-updating-task-source>canvas updating task source</dfn> (which is just used by
+ this algorithm).</p>
+
+<!--(right now we're requiring commit())
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn>start autocommitting the scratch bitmap</dfn> for a rendering
+ context, it must asynchronously start running the following algorithm. This algorithm interacts
+ closely with the <span>event loop</span> mechanism; in particular, it has a <span>synchronous
+ section</span> (which is triggered as part of the <span>event loop</span> algorithm). The steps in
+ that section are marked with &#x231B;.</p>
+
+ <ol>
+
+ <li><p><i>Top</i>: <span>Await a stable state</span>. The <span>synchronous section</span>
+ consists of the following steps. (The steps in the <span>synchronous section</span> are marked
+ with &#x231B;.)</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>&#x231B; <span>Commit the scratch bitmap</span> for the rendering context.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>End the <span>synchronous section</span>, continuing the remaining steps
+ asynchronously.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the step labeled <i>top</i>.</p></li>
+
+ </ol>
+-->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-commit title=dom-context-2d-commit><code>commit()</code></dfn> method must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the rendering context's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap
+ mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-bound title=concept-canvas-bound>fixed</a>, throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#commit-the-scratch-bitmap>Commit the scratch bitmap</a> for the rendering context.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>The <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> is only <a href=#commit-the-scratch-bitmap title="commit the scratch
+ bitmap">committed</a> when the <code title=dom-context-2d-commit><a href=#dom-context-2d-commit>commit()</a></code> method is
+ called. (This doesn't matter for <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> elements in <a href=#concept-canvas-direct-2d title=concept-canvas-direct-2d>direct-2d</a> mode, since there the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch
+ bitmap</a> is also the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's bitmap so every drawing operation is
+ immediately drawn.)</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=concept-canvas-set-bitmap-dimensions title=concept-canvas-set-bitmap-dimensions>set bitmap
+ dimensions</dfn> to <var title="">width</var> and <var title="">height</var>, it must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#reset-the-rendering-context-to-its-default-state>Reset the rendering context to its default state</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Clear the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a> and its <a href=#list-of-pending-interface-actions>list of
+ pending interface actions</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Resize the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> to the new <var title="">width</var> and <var title="">height</var> and clear it to fully transparent black.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the rendering context has an <a href=#output-bitmap>output bitmap</a>, and the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch
+ bitmap</a> is a different bitmap than the <a href=#output-bitmap>output bitmap</a>, then resize the
+ <a href=#output-bitmap>output bitmap</a> to the new <var title="">width</var> and <var title="">height</var>
+ and clear it to fully transparent black.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the rendering context's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap
+ mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a>, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">canvas</var> be the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element to which the rendering
+ context's <code title=dom-context-2d-canvas><a href=#dom-context-2d-canvas>canvas</a></code> attribute was initialized.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the rendering context's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context
+ bitmap mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a> and the numeric value of
+ the <var title="">canvas</var>' <code title=attr-canvas-width><a href=#attr-canvas-width>width</a></code> content attribute
+ differs from <var title="">width</var>, then set <var title="">canvas</var>' <code title=attr-canvas-width><a href=#attr-canvas-width>width</a></code> content attribute to the shortest possible string
+ representing <var title="">width</var> as a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the rendering context's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context
+ bitmap mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a> and the numeric value of
+ the <var title="">canvas</var>' <code title=attr-canvas-height><a href=#attr-canvas-height>height</a></code> content attribute
+ differs from <var title="">height</var>, then set <var title="">canvas</var>' <code title=attr-canvas-height><a href=#attr-canvas-height>height</a></code> content attribute to the shortest possible string
+ representing <var title="">height</var> as a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><div class=example>
+ <p>Only one square appears to be drawn in the following example:</p>
+ <pre>// canvas is a reference to a &lt;canvas&gt; element
+var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
+context.fillRect(0,0,50,50);
+canvas.setAttribute('width', '300'); // clears the canvas
+context.fillRect(0,100,50,50);
+canvas.width = canvas.width; // clears the canvas
+context.fillRect(100,0,50,50); // only this square remains</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>When the user agent is to run the <dfn id=concept-canvas-unbinding-steps title=concept-canvas-unbinding-steps>unbinding
+ steps</dfn> for a rendering context, it must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#reset-the-rendering-context-to-its-default-state>Reset the rendering context to its default state</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Clear the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a> and its <a href=#list-of-pending-interface-actions>list of
+ pending interface actions</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Clear the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> to a
+ transparent black.</li>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag to true.</li>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object have no <a href=#output-bitmap>output
+ bitmap</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the user agent is to run the <dfn id=concept-canvas-binding-steps title=concept-canvas-binding-steps>binding steps</dfn>
+ to bind the rendering context to the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element <var title="">target</var>, it
+ must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#reset-the-rendering-context-to-its-default-state>Reset the rendering context to its default state</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Clear the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a> and its <a href=#list-of-pending-interface-actions>list of
+ pending interface actions</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Resize the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> to
+ the dimensions of <var title="">target</var>'s bitmap and clear it to fully transparent
+ black.</li>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag to true.</li>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#output-bitmap>output bitmap</a> be <var title="">target</var>'s bitmap.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-canvas title=dom-context-2d-canvas><code>canvas</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ value it was initialised to when the object was created.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-width title=dom-context-2d-width><code>width</code></dfn> attribute, on getting, must
+ return the width of the rendering context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>, in CSS pixels. On
+ setting, it must <a href=#concept-canvas-set-bitmap-dimensions title=concept-canvas-set-bitmap-dimensions>set bitmap dimensions</a>
+ to the new value and the current height of the rendering context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> in
+ CSS pixels, respectively.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-height title=dom-context-2d-height><code>height</code></dfn> attribute, on getting, must
+ return the height of the rendering context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>, in CSS pixels. On
+ setting, it must <a href=#concept-canvas-set-bitmap-dimensions title=concept-canvas-set-bitmap-dimensions>set bitmap dimensions</a>
+ to the current width of the rendering context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> in CSS pixels and the
+ new value, respectively.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Except where otherwise specified, for the 2D context interface, <strong>any method call with a
+ numeric argument whose value is infinite or a NaN value must be ignored</strong>.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ Philip Taylor wrote:
+ > My experience with some 3d canvas code is that infinities come up in
+ > naturally harmless places, e.g. having a function that scales by x then
+ > translates by 1/x and wanting it to work when x=0 (which ought to draw
+ > nothing, since anything it draws is zero pixels wide), and it's a bit
+ > annoying to track down and fix those issues, so I'd probably like it if
+ > they were harmless in canvas methods. Opera appears to silently not draw
+ > anything if the transformation matrix is not finite, but Firefox throws
+ > exceptions when passing in non-finite arguments.
+ -->
+
+ <p>Whenever the CSS value <code title="">currentColor</code> is used as a color in the
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> API, the "computed value of the 'color' property" for the
+ purposes of determining the computed value of the <code title="">currentColor</code> keyword is
+ the value described by the appropriate entry in the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If the rendering context's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap
+ mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a> and the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>
+ element is <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The "computed value of the 'color' property" for the purposes of determining the computed
+ value of the <code title="">currentColor</code> keyword is the computed value of the 'color'
+ property on the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element at the time that the color is specified (e.g. when
+ the appropriate attribute is set, or when the method is called; not when the color is rendered or
+ otherwise used). <a href=#refsCSSCOLOR>[CSSCOLOR]</a></dd>
+
+ <dt>In all other cases</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The "computed value of the 'color' property" for the purposes of determining the computed
+ value of the <code title="">currentColor</code> keyword is fully opaque black. <a href=#refsCSSCOLOR>[CSSCOLOR]</a></dd>
+
+ </dl><p>In the case of <code title=dom-canvasgradient-addColorStop><a href=#dom-canvasgradient-addcolorstop>addColorStop()</a></code> on
+ <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code>, the "computed value of the 'color' property" for the purposes of
+ determining the computed value of the <code title="">currentColor</code> keyword is always fully
+ opaque black (there is no associated element). <a href=#refsCSSCOLOR>[CSSCOLOR]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is because <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code> objects are
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>-neutral &mdash; a <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code> object created by one
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> can be used by another, and there is therefore no way to know which is the
+ "element in question" at the time that the color is specified.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Similar concerns exist with font-related properties; the rules for those are
+ described in detail in the relevant section below.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code><a href=#canvasfillrule>CanvasFillRule</a></code> enumeration is used to select the <dfn id=fill-rule>fill rule</dfn>
+ algorithm by which to determine if a point is inside or outside a path.</p>
+
+ <p>The value "<dfn id=dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero><code>nonzero</code></dfn>" value
+ indicates the non-zero winding rule, wherein
+
+ a point is considered to be outside a shape if the number of times a half-infinite straight
+ line drawn from that point crosses the shape's path going in one direction is equal to the
+ number of times it crosses the path going in the other direction.
+
+ </p>
+
+
+ <p>The "<dfn id=dom-context-2d-fillrule-evenodd title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-evenodd><code>evenodd</code></dfn>" value indicates
+ the even-odd rule, wherein
+
+ a point is considered to be outside a shape if the number of times a half-infinite straight
+ line drawn from that point crosses the shape's path is even.
+
+ </p>
+
+ <p>If a point is not outside a shape, it is inside the shape.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=implementation-notes><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.1 </span>Implementation notes</h6>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Although the way the specification is written it might sound like an implementation needs to
+ track up to four bitmaps per canvas or rendering context &mdash; one <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>,
+ one <a href=#output-bitmap>output bitmap</a> for the rendering context, one bitmap for the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>,
+ and one bitmap for the actually currently rendered image &mdash; user agents can in fact generally
+ optimise this to only one or two.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>, when it isn't the same bitmap as the <a href=#output-bitmap>output
+ bitmap</a>, is only directly observable if it is read, and therefore implementations can,
+ instead of updating this bitmap, merely remember the sequence of drawing operations that have been
+ applied to it until such time as the bitmap's actual data is needed (for example because of a call
+ to <code title=dom-context-2d-commit><a href=#dom-context-2d-commit>commit()</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-drawImage><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawimage>drawImage()</a></code>, or the <code title=dom-createImageBitmap><a href=#dom-createimagebitmap>createImageBitmap()</a></code>
+ factory method). In many cases, this will be more memory efficient.</p>
+
+ <p>The bitmap of a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element is the one bitmap that's pretty much always going
+ to be needed in practice. The <a href=#output-bitmap>output bitmap</a> of a rendering context, when it has one,
+ is always just an alias to a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's bitmap.</p>
+
+ <p>Additional bitmaps are sometimes needed, e.g. to enable fast drawing when the canvas is being
+ painted at a different size than its intrinsic size, or to enable double buffering so that the
+ rendering commands from the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> can be applied without the rendering being
+ updated midway.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-canvas-state><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.2 </span>The canvas state</h6>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> rendering context maintains a stack of drawing
+ states. <dfn id=drawing-state title="drawing state">Drawing states</dfn> consist of:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>The current <a href=#transformations title=dom-context-2d-transformation>transformation matrix</a>.</li>
+ <li>The current <a href=#clipping-region>clipping region</a>.</li>
+ <li>The current values of the following attributes: <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-strokestyle>strokeStyle</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-fillStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-fillstyle>fillStyle</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha>globalAlpha</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-lineWidth><a href=#dom-context-2d-linewidth>lineWidth</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-lineCap><a href=#dom-context-2d-linecap>lineCap</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-lineJoin><a href=#dom-context-2d-linejoin>lineJoin</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-miterLimit><a href=#dom-context-2d-miterlimit>miterLimit</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-lineDashOffset><a href=#dom-context-2d-linedashoffset>lineDashOffset</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowOffsetX><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowoffsetx>shadowOffsetX</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowOffsetY><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowoffsety>shadowOffsetY</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowBlur><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowblur>shadowBlur</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowColor><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowcolor>shadowColor</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation>globalCompositeOperation</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-font><a href=#dom-context-2d-font>font</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-direction><a href=#dom-context-2d-direction>direction</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-imageSmoothingEnabled><a href=#dom-context-2d-imagesmoothingenabled>imageSmoothingEnabled</a></code>.</li>
+ <li>The current <a href=#dash-list>dash list</a>.</li>
+ </ul><p class=note>The <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> and the rendering context's bitmaps are not
+ part of the drawing state. The <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> is persistent, and can only be
+ reset using the <code title=dom-context-2d-beginPath><a href=#dom-context-2d-beginpath>beginPath()</a></code> method. The bitmaps
+ depend on whether and how the rendering context is bound to a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-save><a href=#dom-context-2d-save>save</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pushes the current state onto the stack.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-restore><a href=#dom-context-2d-restore>restore</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pops the top state on the stack, restoring the context to that state.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-save title=dom-context-2d-save><code>save()</code></dfn> method must push a copy of the
+ current drawing state onto the drawing state stack.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-restore title=dom-context-2d-restore><code>restore()</code></dfn> method must pop the top
+ entry in the drawing state stack, and reset the drawing state it describes. If there is no saved
+ state, the method must do nothing.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=reset-the-rendering-context-to-its-default-state>reset the rendering context to its default state</dfn>, it must
+ clear the drawing state stack and everything that <a href=#drawing-state>drawing state</a> consists of to
+ initial values.</p>
+
+ <!-- v7
+idea from Mihai:
+> 5. Drawing states should be saveable with IDs, and for easier restoring.
+>
+> save(id)
+> restore(id)
+>
+> If id is not provided, then save() works as defined now. The same for
+> restore().
+>
+> Currently, it's not trivial to save and restore a specific state.
+...and from Philip:
+> I think a more convenient syntax would be:
+> var state = ctx.save();
+> ctx.restore(state);
+> But how would it interact with normal calls to ctx.restore()?
+ -->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=drawingstyle-objects><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.3 </span><code><a href=#drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a></code> objects</h6>
+
+ <p>All the line styles (line width, caps, joins, and dash patterns) and text styles (fonts)
+ described in the next two sections apply to <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> objects and to
+ <code><a href=#drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a></code> objects. This section defines the constructor used to obtain a
+ <code><a href=#drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a></code> object. This object is then used by methods on <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code>
+ objects to control how text and paths are rasterised and stroked.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">styles</var> = new <code title=dom-DrawingStyle><a href=#dom-drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a></code>( [ <var title="">element</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Creates a new <code><a href=#drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a></code> object, optionally using a specific element for
+ resolving relative keywords and sizes in font specifications.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a></code> object can have a <dfn id=styles-scope-object>styles scope object</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-drawingstyle title=dom-DrawingStyle><code>DrawingStyle()</code></dfn> constructor, when invoked,
+ must return a newly created <code><a href=#drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a></code> object. If the constructor was passed an
+ argument, then the <code><a href=#drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a></code> object's <a href=#styles-scope-object>styles scope object</a> is that
+ element. Otherwise, if the <a href=#javascript-global-environment>JavaScript global environment</a> is a <a href=#document-environment>document
+ environment</a>, the object's <a href=#styles-scope-object>styles scope object</a> is the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ object of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which the interface object of the invoked constructor is found.
+ Otherwise, the <a href=#javascript-global-environment>JavaScript global environment</a> is a <a href=#worker-environment>worker environment</a>,
+ and the <a href=#styles-scope-object>styles scope object</a> is the worker.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=line-styles><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.4 </span>Line styles</h6>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-lineWidth><a href=#dom-context-2d-linewidth>lineWidth</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">styles</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-lineWidth><a href=#dom-context-2d-linewidth>lineWidth</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current line width.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the line width. Values that are not finite values greater than zero are
+ ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-lineCap><a href=#dom-context-2d-linecap>lineCap</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">styles</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-lineCap><a href=#dom-context-2d-linecap>lineCap</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current line cap style.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the line cap style.</p>
+
+ <p>The possible line cap styles are <code>butt</code>, <code>round</code>, and
+ <code>square</code>. Other values are ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-lineJoin><a href=#dom-context-2d-linejoin>lineJoin</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">styles</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-lineJoin><a href=#dom-context-2d-linejoin>lineJoin</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current line join style.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the line join style.</p>
+
+ <p>The possible line join styles are <code>bevel</code>, <code>round</code>, and
+ <code>miter</code>. Other values are ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-miterLimit><a href=#dom-context-2d-miterlimit>miterLimit</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">styles</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-miterLimit><a href=#dom-context-2d-miterlimit>miterLimit</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current miter limit ratio.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the miter limit ratio. Values that are not finite values greater than
+ zero are ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-setLineDash><a href=#dom-context-2d-setlinedash>setLineDash</a></code>(<var title="">segments</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">styles</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-setLineDash><a href=#dom-context-2d-setlinedash>setLineDash</a></code>(<var title="">segments</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sets the current line dash pattern (as used when stroking). The argument is a list of
+ distances for which to alternately have the line on and the line off.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">segments</var> = <var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-getLineDash><a href=#dom-context-2d-getlinedash>getLineDash</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">segments</var> = <var title="">styles</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-getLineDash><a href=#dom-context-2d-getlinedash>getLineDash</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a copy of the current line dash pattern. The array returned will always have an even
+ number of entries (i.e. the pattern is normalized).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-lineDashOffset><a href=#dom-context-2d-linedashoffset>lineDashOffset</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">styles</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-lineDashOffset><a href=#dom-context-2d-linedashoffset>lineDashOffset</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the phase offset (in the same units as the line dash pattern).</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the phase offset. Values that are not finite values are ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Objects that implement the <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> interface have attributes and
+ methods (defined in this section) that control how lines are treated by the object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-linewidth title=dom-context-2d-lineWidth><code>lineWidth</code></dfn> attribute gives the
+ width of lines, in coordinate space units. On getting, it must return the current value. On
+ setting, zero, negative, infinite, and NaN values must be ignored, leaving the value unchanged;
+ other values must change the current value to the new value.</p>
+
+ <p>When the object implementing the <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> interface is created, the
+ <code title=dom-context-2d-lineWidth><a href=#dom-context-2d-linewidth>lineWidth</a></code> attribute must initially have the value
+ <code>1.0</code>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-linecap title=dom-context-2d-lineCap><code>lineCap</code></dfn> attribute defines the type
+ of endings that UAs will place on the end of lines. The three valid values are <code>butt</code>,
+ <code>round</code>, and <code>square</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>On getting, it must return the current value. On setting, if the new value is one of the
+ literal strings <code>butt</code>, <code>round</code>, and <code>square</code>, then the current
+ value must be changed to the new value; other values must ignored, leaving the value
+ unchanged.</p>
+
+ <p>When the object implementing the <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> interface is created, the
+ <code title=dom-context-2d-lineCap><a href=#dom-context-2d-linecap>lineCap</a></code> attribute must initially have the value
+ <code>butt</code>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-linejoin title=dom-context-2d-lineJoin><code>lineJoin</code></dfn> attribute defines the type
+ of corners that UAs will place where two lines meet. The three valid values are
+ <code>bevel</code>, <code>round</code>, and <code>miter</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>On getting, it must return the current value. On setting, if the new value is one of the
+ literal strings <code>bevel</code>, <code>round</code>, and <code>miter</code>, then the current
+ value must be changed to the new value; other values must be ignored, leaving the value
+ unchanged.</p>
+
+ <p>When the object implementing the <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> interface is created, the
+ <code title=dom-context-2d-lineJoin><a href=#dom-context-2d-linejoin>lineJoin</a></code> attribute must initially have the value
+ <code>miter</code>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When the <code title=dom-context-2d-lineJoin><a href=#dom-context-2d-linejoin>lineJoin</a></code> attribute has the value
+ <code>miter</code>, strokes use the miter limit ratio to decide how to render joins. The miter
+ limit ratio can be explicitly set using the <dfn id=dom-context-2d-miterlimit title=dom-context-2d-miterLimit><code>miterLimit</code></dfn> attribute. On getting, it must
+ return the current value. On setting, zero, negative, infinite, and NaN values must be ignored,
+ leaving the value unchanged; other values must change the current value to the new value.</p>
+ <!-- values less than 1.0 are equivalent to 1.0, since it's compared
+ against a ratio that can't be less than 1.0 -->
+
+ <p>When the object implementing the <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> interface is created, the
+ <code title=dom-context-2d-miterLimit><a href=#dom-context-2d-miterlimit>miterLimit</a></code> attribute must initially have the value
+ <code>10.0</code>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Each <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> object has a <dfn id=dash-list>dash list</dfn>, which is either empty
+ or consists of an even number of non-negative numbers. Initially, the <a href=#dash-list>dash list</a> must
+ be empty.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-context-2d-setlinedash title=dom-context-2d-setLineDash><code>setLineDash()</code></dfn> method is
+ invoked, it must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">a</var> be the argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If any value in <var title="">a</var> is not finite (e.g. an Infinity or a NaN value), or
+ if any value is negative (less than zero), then abort these steps (without throwing an exception;
+ user agents could show a message on a developer console, though, as that would be helpful for
+ debugging).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the number of elements in <var title="">a</var> is odd, then let <var title="">a</var>
+ be the concatentation of two copies of <var title="">a</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the object's <a href=#dash-list>dash list</a> be <var title="">a</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the <dfn id=dom-context-2d-getlinedash title=dom-context-2d-getLineDash><code>getLineDash()</code></dfn> method is
+ invoked, it must return a sequence whose values are the values of the object's <a href=#dash-list>dash
+ list</a>, in the same order.</p>
+
+ <p>It is sometimes useful to change the "phase" of the dash pattern, e.g. to achieve a "marching
+ ants" effect. The phase can be set using the <dfn id=dom-context-2d-linedashoffset title=dom-context-2d-lineDashOffset><code>lineDashOffset</code></dfn> attribute. On getting, it
+ must return the current value. On setting, infinite and NaN values must be ignored, leaving the
+ value unchanged; other values must change the current value to the new value.</p>
+
+ <p>When the object implementing the <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> interface is created, the
+ <code title=dom-context-2d-lineDashOffset><a href=#dom-context-2d-linedashoffset>lineDashOffset</a></code> attribute must initially have
+ the value <code>0.0</code>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=trace-a-path>trace a <span title=concept-path>path</span></dfn>, <!-- <dfn>trace a path</dfn> -->
+ given an object <var title="">style</var> that implements the <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code>
+ interface, it must run the following algorithm. This algorithm returns a new <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">path</var> be a copy of the path being traced.</li>
+
+ <!-- PATH SANITIZATION -->
+
+ <li><p>Prune all zero-length <a href=#line-segments>line segments</a> from <var title="">path</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove from <var title="">path</var> any subpaths containing no lines (i.e. subpaths with
+ just one point).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace each point in each subpath of <var title="">path</var> other than the first point
+ and the last point of each subpath by a <i>join</i> that joins the line leading to that point to
+ the line leading out of that point, such that the subpaths all consist of two points (a starting
+ point with a line leading out of it, and an ending point with a line leading into it), one or
+ more lines (connecting the points and the joins), and zero or more joins (each connecting one
+ line to another), connected together such that each subpath is a series of one or more lines with
+ a join between each one and a point on each end.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add a straight closing line to each closed subpath in <var title="">path</var> connecting
+ the last point and the first point of that subpath; change the last point to a join (from the
+ previously last line to the newly added closing line), and change the first point to a join (from
+ the newly added closing line to the first line).</p>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">styles</var> <a href=#dash-list>dash list</a> is empty, jump to the step
+ labeled <i>convert</i>.</li>
+
+ <!-- DASHING -->
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">pattern width</var> be the concatenation of all the entries of the <var title="">styles</var> <a href=#dash-list>dash list</a>, in coordinate space units.</p>
+
+ <li><p>For each subpath <var title="">subpath</var> in <var title="">path</var>, run the
+ following substeps. These substeps mutate the subpaths in <var title="">path</var> <i>in
+ vivo</i>.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">subpath width</var> be the length of all the lines of <var title="">subpath</var>, in coordinate space units.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">offset</var> be the value of the <var title="">styles</var> <code title=dom-context-2d-lineDashOffset><a href=#dom-context-2d-linedashoffset>lineDashOffset</a></code>, in coordinate space
+ units.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>While <var title="">offset</var> is greater than <var title="">pattern width</var>,
+ decrement it by <var title="">pattern width</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>While <var title="">offset</var> is less than zero, increment it by <var title="">pattern
+ width</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Define <var title="">L</var> to be a linear coordinate line defined along all lines in
+ <var title="">subpath</var>, such that the start of the first line in the subpath is defined
+ as coordinate 0, and the end of the last line in the subpath is defined as coordinate <var title="">subpath width</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be zero minus <var title="">offset</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">index</var> be 0.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">current state</var> be <i>off</i> (the other states being <i>on</i>
+ and <i>zero-on</i>).</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Dash on</i>: Let <var title="">segment length</var> be
+ the value of the <var title="">styles</var> <a href=#dash-list>dash
+ list</a>'s <var title="">index</var>th entry.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">position</var> by <var title="">segment length</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is greater than <var title="">subpath width</var>, then
+ end these substeps for this subpath and start them again for the next subpath; if there are no
+ more subpaths, then jump to the step labeled <i>convert</i> instead.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">segment length</var> is non-zero, let <var title="">current state</var> be <i>on</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">index</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Dash off<!-- labeled for consistency only --></i>: Let <var title="">segment
+ length</var> be the value of the <var title="">styles</var> <a href=#dash-list>dash list</a>'s <var title="">index</var>th entry.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">start</var> be the offset <var title="">position</var> on <var title="">L</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">position</var> by <var title="">segment length</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is less than zero, then jump to the step labeled
+ <i>post-cut</i>.</li> <!-- start and end both before zero -->
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">start</var> is less than zero, then let <var title="">start</var> be
+ zero.</li> <!-- end will be (at or) after zero -->
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is greater than <var title="">subpath width</var>, then
+ let <var title="">end</var> be the offset <var title="">subpath width</var> on <var title="">L</var>. Otherwise, let <var title="">end</var> be the offset <var title="">position</var> on <var title="">L</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Jump to the first appropriate step:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">segment length</var> is zero and <var title="">current state</var> is <i>off</i></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Do nothing, just continue to the next step.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">current state</var> is <i>off</i></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Cut the line on which <var title="">end</var> finds itself short at <var title="">end</var> and place a point there, cutting the subpath that it was in in two;
+ remove all line segments, joins, points, and subpaths that are between <var title="">start</var> and <var title="">end</var>; and finally place a single point at <var title="">start</var> with no lines connecting to it.</p>
+
+ <p>The point has a <i>directionality</i> for the purposes of drawing line caps (see below).
+ The directionality is the direction that the original line had at that point (i.e. when <var title="">L</var> was defined above).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Cut the line on which <var title="">start</var> finds itself into two at <var title="">start</var> and place a point there, cutting the subpath that it was in in two, and
+ similarly cut the line on which <var title="">end</var> finds itself short at <var title="">end</var> and place a point there, cutting the subpath that <em>it</em> was in in
+ two, and then remove all line segments, joins, points, and subpaths that are between <var title="">start</var> and <var title="">end</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">start</var> and <var title="">end</var> are the same point, then this
+ results in just the line being cut in two and two points being inserted there, with nothing
+ being removed, unless a join also happens to be at that point, in which case the join must
+ be removed.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Post-cut</i>: If <var title="">position</var> is greater than <var title="">subpath width</var>, then jump to the step labeled <i>convert</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">segment length</var> is greater than zero, let <var title="">positioned-at-on-dash</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">index</var> by one. If it is equal to the number of entries in
+ the <var title="">styles</var> <a href=#dash-list>dash list</a>, then let <var title="">index</var> be
+ 0.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the step labeled <i>dash on</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <!-- STROKING -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Convert</i>: This is the step that converts the path to a new path that represents its
+ stroke.</p>
+
+ <p>Create a new <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a> that describes the edge of the areas
+ that would be covered if a straight line of length equal to the <var title="">styles</var>
+ <code title=dom-context-2d-lineWidth><a href=#dom-context-2d-linewidth>lineWidth</a></code> was swept along each subpath in <var title="">path</var> while being kept at an angle such that the line is orthogonal to the path
+ being swept, replacing each point with the end cap necessary to satisfy the <var title="">styles</var> <code title=dom-context-2d-lineCap><a href=#dom-context-2d-linecap>lineCap</a></code> attribute as
+ described previously and elaborated below, and replacing each join with the join necessary to
+ satisfy the <var title="">styles</var> <code title=dom-context-2d-lineJoin><a href=#dom-context-2d-linejoin>lineJoin</a></code>
+ type, as defined below.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Caps</strong>: Each point has a flat edge perpendicular to the direction of the line
+ coming out of it. This is them augmented according to the value of the <var title="">styles</var> <code title=dom-context-2d-lineCap><a href=#dom-context-2d-linecap>lineCap</a></code>. The
+ <code>butt</code> value means that no additional line cap is added. The <code>round</code> value
+ means that a semi-circle with the diameter equal to the <var title="">styles</var> <code title=dom-context-2d-lineWidth><a href=#dom-context-2d-linewidth>lineWidth</a></code> width must additionally be placed on to the
+ line coming out of each point. The <code>square</code> value means that a rectangle with the
+ length of the <var title="">styles</var> <code title=dom-context-2d-lineWidth><a href=#dom-context-2d-linewidth>lineWidth</a></code> width and the width of half the <var title="">styles</var> <code title=dom-context-2d-lineWidth><a href=#dom-context-2d-linewidth>lineWidth</a></code> width, placed
+ flat against the edge perpendicular to the direction of the line coming out of the point, must
+ be added at each point.</p>
+
+ <p>Points with no lines coming out of them must have two caps placed back-to-back as if it was
+ really two points connected to each other by an infinitesimally short straight line in the
+ direction of the point's <i>directionality</i> (as defined above).</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Joins</strong>: In addition to the point where a join occurs, two additional points
+ are relevant to each join, one for each line: the two corners found half the line width away
+ from the join point, one perpendicular to each line, each on the side furthest from the other
+ line.</p>
+
+ <p>A triangle connecting these two opposite corners with a straight line, with the third point
+ of the triangle being the join point, must be added at all joins. The <code title=dom-context-2d-lineJoin><a href=#dom-context-2d-linejoin>lineJoin</a></code> attribute controls whether anything else is
+ rendered. The three aforementioned values have the following meanings:</p>
+
+ <p>The <code>bevel</code> value means that this is all that is rendered at joins.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code>round</code> value means that an arc connecting the two aforementioned corners of
+ the join, abutting (and not overlapping) the aforementioned triangle, with the diameter equal to
+ the line width and the origin at the point of the join, must be added at joins.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code>miter</code> value means that a second triangle must (if it can given the miter
+ length) be added at the join, with one line being the line between the two aforementioned
+ corners, abutting the first triangle, and the other two being continuations of the outside edges
+ of the two joining lines, as long as required to intersect without going over the miter
+ length.</p>
+
+ <p>The miter length is the distance from the point where the join occurs to the intersection of
+ the line edges on the outside of the join. The miter limit ratio is the maximum allowed ratio of
+ the miter length to half the line width. If the miter length would cause the miter limit ratio
+ (as set by the <var title="">style</var> <code title=dom-context-2d-miterLimit><a href=#dom-context-2d-miterlimit>miterLimit</a></code> attribute) to be exceeded, this second
+ triangle must not be added.</p> <!-- the actual ratio can't possibly be less than 1.0 -->
+
+<!-- here's a nice demo of the miter:
+ c.clearRect(0, 0, 640, 480);
+ c.beginPath();
+
+ c.moveTo((new Date()/100) % 600, 100);
+ c.lineTo(300, 300);
+ c.lineTo(500, 300);
+
+ c.lineWidth = 50;
+ c.miterLimit = 10000;
+ c.strokeStyle = 'silver'
+ c.stroke();
+
+ c.miterLimit = 0.0001;
+ c.strokeStyle = 'black'
+ c.stroke();
+
+ c.lineWidth = 1;
+ c.strokeStyle = 'red'
+ c.stroke();
+-->
+
+ <p>The subpaths in the newly created path must be oriented such that for any point, the number
+ of times a half-infinite straight line drawn from that point crosses a subpath is even if and
+ only if the number of times a half-infinite straight line drawn from that same point crosses a
+ subpath going in one direction is equal to the number of times it crosses a subpath going in the
+ other direction.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the newly created path.</li>
+
+ </ol><!--v6: Another request has been for hairline width lines, that remain hairline width with
+transform. ack Shaun Morris. --></div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=text-styles><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.5 </span>Text styles</h6>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-font><a href=#dom-context-2d-font>font</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">styles</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-font><a href=#dom-context-2d-font>font</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current font settings.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the font. The syntax is the same as for the CSS 'font' property; values
+ that cannot be parsed as CSS font values are ignored.</p>
+
+ <p>Relative keywords and lengths are computed relative to the font of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">styles</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current text alignment settings.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the alignment. The possible values are and their meanings are given
+ below. Other values are ignored. The default is <code title="">start</code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">styles</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current baseline alignment settings.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the baseline alignment. The possible values and their meanings are
+ given below. Other values are ignored. The default is <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-alphabetic>alphabetic</code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-direction><a href=#dom-context-2d-direction>direction</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">styles</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-direction><a href=#dom-context-2d-direction>direction</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current directionality.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the directionality. The possible values and their meanings are given
+ below. Other values are ignored. The default is <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-inherit>inherit</code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Objects that implement the <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> interface have attributes (defined
+ in this section) that control how text is laid out (rasterised or outlined) by the object. Such
+ objects can also have a <dfn id=font-style-source-object>font style source object</dfn>. For
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> objects whose <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a>, this is their <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element; for other
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> objects, if the <a href=#javascript-global-environment>JavaScript global environment</a>
+ is a <a href=#document-environment>document environment</a>, the object's <a href=#font-style-source-object>font style source object</a> is the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which the interface object of the
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object is found; otherwise the <a href=#javascript-global-environment>JavaScript global
+ environment</a> is a <a href=#worker-environment>worker environment</a> and the <a href=#font-style-source-object>font style source
+ object</a> is the worker. For <code><a href=#drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a></code> objects, it's the <a href=#styles-scope-object>styles scope
+ object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-font title=dom-context-2d-font><code>font</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on setting, must
+ be parsed the same way as the 'font' property of CSS (but without supporting property-independent
+ style sheet syntax like 'inherit'), and the resulting font must be assigned to the context, with
+ the 'line-height' component forced to 'normal', with the 'font-size' component converted to CSS
+ pixels, and with system fonts being computed to explicit values. If the new value is syntactically
+ incorrect (including using property-independent style sheet syntax like 'inherit' or 'initial'),
+ then it must be ignored, without assigning a new font value. <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Font family names must be interpreted in the context of the <a href=#font-style-source-object>font style source
+ object</a> when the font is to be used; any fonts embedded using <code title="">@font-face</code> or loaded using the <code><a href=#fontloader>FontLoader</a></code> that are visible to the
+ <a href=#font-style-source-object>font style source object</a> must therefore be available once they are loaded. If a font
+ is used before it is fully loaded, or if the <a href=#font-style-source-object>font style source object</a> does not have
+ that font in scope at the time the font is to be used, then it must be treated as if it was an
+ unknown font, falling back to another as described by the relevant CSS specifications. <a href=#refsCSSFONTS>[CSSFONTS]</a> <a href=#refsCSSFONTLOAD>[CSSFONTLOAD]</a></p>
+
+ <p>On getting, the <code title=dom-context-2d-font><a href=#dom-context-2d-font>font</a></code> attribute must return the <a href=#serializing-a-css-value title="serializing a CSS value">serialised form</a> of the current font of the context (with
+ no 'line-height' component). <a href=#refsCSSOM>[CSSOM]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, after the following statement:</p>
+
+ <pre>context.font = 'italic 400 12px/2 Unknown Font, sans-serif';</pre>
+
+ <p>...the expression <code title="">context.font</code> would evaluate to the string "<code title="">italic&nbsp;12px&nbsp;"Unknown&nbsp;Font",&nbsp;sans-serif</code>". The "400"
+ font-weight doesn't appear because that is the default value. The line-height doesn't appear
+ because it is forced to "normal", the default value.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>When the object implementing the <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> interface is created, the
+ font of the context must be set to 10px sans-serif. When the 'font-size' component is set to
+ lengths using percentages, 'em' or 'ex' units, or the 'larger' or 'smaller' keywords, these must
+ be interpreted relative to the computed value of the 'font-size' property of the <a href=#font-style-source-object>font style
+ source object</a> at the time that the attribute is set, if it is an element. When the
+ 'font-weight' component is set to the relative values 'bolder' and 'lighter', these must be
+ interpreted relative to the computed value of the 'font-weight' property of the <a href=#font-style-source-object>font style
+ source object</a> at the time that the attribute is set, if it is an element. If the computed
+ values are undefined for a particular case (e.g. because the <a href=#font-style-source-object>font style source object</a>
+ is not an element or is not <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a>), then the relative keywords must be
+ interpreted relative to the normal-weight 10px sans-serif default.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-textalign title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><code>textAlign</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on
+ getting, must return the current value. On setting, if the value is one of <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-start><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-start>start</a></code>, <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-end><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-end>end</a></code>, <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-left><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-left>left</a></code>, <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-right><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-right>right</a></code>, or <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-center><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-center>center</a></code>, then the value must be changed to the new
+ value. Otherwise, the new value must be ignored. When the object implementing the
+ <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> interface is created, the <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> attribute must initially have the value <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-start><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-start>start</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-textbaseline title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><code>textBaseline</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on
+ getting, must return the current value. On setting, if the value is one of <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-top><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-top>top</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-hanging><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-hanging>hanging</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-middle><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-middle>middle</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-alphabetic><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-alphabetic>alphabetic</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-ideographic><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-ideographic>ideographic</a></code>, or <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-bottom><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-bottom>bottom</a></code>, then the value must be changed to the
+ new value. Otherwise, the new value must be ignored. When the object implementing the
+ <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> interface is created, the <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> attribute must initially have the value
+ <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-alphabetic><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-alphabetic>alphabetic</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-direction title=dom-context-2d-direction><code>direction</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on
+ getting, must return the current value. On setting, if the value is one of <code title=dom-context-2d-direction-ltr>ltr</code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-direction-rtl>rtl</code>, <!--<code
+ title="dom-context-2d-direction-auto">auto</code>,--> or <code title=dom-context-2d-direction-inherit>inherit</code>, then the value must be changed to the
+ new value. Otherwise, the new value must be ignored. When the object implementing the
+ <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> interface is created, the <code title=dom-context-2d-direction><a href=#dom-context-2d-direction>direction</a></code> attribute must initially have the value <code title=dom-context-2d-direction-inherit>inherit</code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> attribute's allowed keywords are
+ as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-concept-2d-textalign-start title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-start><code>start</code></dfn>
+ <dd><p>Align to the start edge of the text (left side in left-to-right text, right side in
+ right-to-left text).</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-concept-2d-textalign-end title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-end><code>end</code></dfn>
+ <dd><p>Align to the end edge of the text (right side in left-to-right text, left side in
+ right-to-left text).</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-concept-2d-textalign-left title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-left><code>left</code></dfn>
+ <dd><p>Align to the left.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-concept-2d-textalign-right title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-right><code>right</code></dfn>
+ <dd><p>Align to the right.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-concept-2d-textalign-center title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-center><code>center</code></dfn>
+ <dd><p>Align to the center.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code>
+ attribute's allowed keywords correspond to alignment points in the
+ font:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/baselines.png width=738 alt="The top of the em square is roughly at the top of the glyphs in a font, the hanging baseline is where some glyphs like &#x906; are anchored, the middle is half-way between the top of the em square and the bottom of the em square, the alphabetic baseline is where characters like &Aacute;, &yuml;, f, and &ohm; are anchored, the ideographic baseline is where glyphs like &#x79c1; and &#x9054; are anchored, and the bottom of the em square is roughly at the bottom of the glyphs in a font. The top and bottom of the bounding box can be far from these baselines, due to glyphs extending far outside the em square." height=300></p>
+
+ <p>The keywords map to these alignment points as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-context-2d-textbaseline-top title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-top><code>top</code></dfn>
+ <dd>The top of the em square</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-context-2d-textbaseline-hanging title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-hanging><code>hanging</code></dfn>
+ <dd>The hanging baseline</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-context-2d-textbaseline-middle title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-middle><code>middle</code></dfn>
+ <dd>The middle of the em square</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-context-2d-textbaseline-alphabetic title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-alphabetic><code>alphabetic</code></dfn>
+ <dd>The alphabetic baseline</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-context-2d-textbaseline-ideographic title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-ideographic><code>ideographic</code></dfn>
+ <dd>The ideographic baseline</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-context-2d-textbaseline-bottom title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-bottom><code>bottom</code></dfn>
+ <dd>The bottom of the em square</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <code title=dom-context-2d-direction><a href=#dom-context-2d-direction>direction</a></code> attribute's allowed keywords are
+ as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-concept-2d-direction-ltr title=dom-concept-2d-direction-ltr><code>ltr</code></dfn>
+
+ <dd><p>Treat input to the <a href=#text-preparation-algorithm>text preparation algorithm</a> as left-to-right text.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-concept-2d-direction-rtl title=dom-concept-2d-direction-rtl><code>rtl</code></dfn>
+
+ <dd><p>Treat input to the <a href=#text-preparation-algorithm>text preparation algorithm</a> as right-to-left text.</dd>
+
+<!--
+ <dt><dfn title="dom-concept-2d-direction-auto"><code>auto</code></dfn>
+
+ <dd><p>Determine the direction from the input to the <span>text preparation algorithm</span>.</p></dd>
+-->
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-concept-2d-direction-inherit title=dom-concept-2d-direction-inherit><code>inherit</code></dfn>
+
+ <dd><p>Default to the directionality of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element or <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ as appropriate.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <dfn id=text-preparation-algorithm>text preparation algorithm</dfn> is as follows. It takes as input a string <var title="">text</var>, a <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> object <var title="">target</var>, and an
+ optional length <var title="">maxWidth</var>. It returns an array of glyph shapes, each positioned
+ on a common coordinate space, a <var title="">physical alignment</var> whose value is one of
+ <i>left</i>, <i>right</i>, and <i title="">center</i>, and an inline box. (Most callers of this
+ algorithm ignore the <var title="">physical alignment</var> and the inline box.)</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">maxWidth</var> was provided but is less than or equal to zero, return an
+ empty array.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace all the <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a> in <var title="">text</var> with U+0020 SPACE characters.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">font</var> be the current font of <var title="">target</var>, as given
+ by that object's <code title=dom-context-2d-font><a href=#dom-context-2d-font>font</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Apply the appropriate step from the following list to determine the value of <var title="">direction</var>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <var title="">target</var> object's <code title=dom-context-2d-direction><a href=#dom-context-2d-direction>direction</a></code> attribute has the value "<code title=dom-context-2d-direction-ltr>ltr</code>"</dt>
+ <dd>Let <var title="">direction</var> be '<a href=#concept-ltr title=concept-ltr>ltr</a>'.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <var title="">target</var> object's <code title=dom-context-2d-direction><a href=#dom-context-2d-direction>direction</a></code> attribute has the value "<code title=dom-context-2d-direction-rtl>rtl</code>"</dt>
+ <dd>Let <var title="">direction</var> be '<a href=#concept-rtl title=concept-rtl>rtl</a>'.</dd>
+
+<!--
+ <dt>If the <var title="">target</var> object's <code
+ title="dom-context-2d-direction">direction</code> attribute has the value "<code
+ title="dom-context-2d-direction-auto">auto</code>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Find the first character in <var title="">text</var> of bidirectional character type L, AL, or
+ R, if any. If such a character is found and it is of bidirectional character type AL or R,
+ then let <var title="">direction</var> be '<span title="concept-rtl">rtl</span>'; otherwise,
+ let <var title="">direction</var> be '<span title="concept-rtl">rtl</span>'. <a
+ href="#refsBIDI">[BIDI]</a>
+ </dd>
+-->
+
+ <dt>If the <var title="">target</var> object's <a href=#font-style-source-object>font style source object</a> is an
+ element</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">direction</var> be <a href=#the-directionality>the directionality</a> of the <var title="">target</var> object's <a href=#font-style-source-object>font style source object</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <var title="">target</var> object's <a href=#font-style-source-object>font style source object</a> is a
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> and that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has a root element child</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">direction</var> be <a href=#the-directionality>the directionality</a> of the <var title="">target</var> object's <a href=#font-style-source-object>font style source object</a>'s root element child.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let <var title="">direction</var> be '<a href=#concept-ltr title=concept-ltr>ltr</a>'.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Form a hypothetical infinitely-wide CSS line box containing a single inline box containing
+ the text <var title="">text</var>, with all the properties at their initial values except the
+ 'font' property of the inline box set to <var title="">font</var>, the 'direction' property of
+ the inline box set to <var title="">direction</var>, and the 'white-space' property set to 'pre'.
+ <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></li>
+
+ <!-- if you insert a step here, make sure to adjust the next step's final words -->
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">maxWidth</var> was provided and the hypothetical width of the inline box
+ in the hypothetical line box is greater than <var title="">maxWidth</var> CSS pixels, then change
+ <var title="">font</var> to have a more condensed font (if one is available or if a reasonably
+ readable one can be synthesized by applying a horizontal scale factor to the font) or a smaller
+ font, and return to the previous step.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">anchor point</var> is a point on the inline box, and the <var title="">physical alignment</var> is one of the values <i>left</i>, <i>right</i>, and <i title="">center</i>. These variables are determined by the <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> and <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> values as follows:</p>
+
+ <p>Horizontal position:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> is <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-left><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-left>left</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> is <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-start><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-start>start</a></code> and <var title="">direction</var> is
+ 'ltr'</dt>
+
+ <dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> is <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-end><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-end>end</a></code> and <var title="">direction</var> is 'rtl'</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var>'s horizontal position be the left edge of the
+ inline box, and let <var title="">physical alignment</var> be <i>left</i>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> is <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-right><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-right>right</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> is <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-end><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-end>end</a></code> and <var title="">direction</var> is 'ltr'</dt>
+
+ <dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> is <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-start><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-start>start</a></code> and <var title="">direction</var> is
+ 'rtl'</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var>'s horizontal position be the right edge of the
+ inline box, and let <var title="">physical alignment</var> be <i>right</i>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> is <code title=dom-concept-2d-textAlign-center><a href=#dom-concept-2d-textalign-center>center</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var>'s horizontal position be half way between the left
+ and right edges of the inline box, and let <var title="">physical alignment</var> be <i title="">center</i>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Vertical position:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> is <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-top><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-top>top</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var>'s vertical position be the top of the em box of
+ the first available font of the inline box.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> is <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-hanging><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-hanging>hanging</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var>'s vertical position be the hanging baseline of the
+ first available font of the inline box.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> is <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-middle><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-middle>middle</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var>'s vertical position be half way between the bottom
+ and the top of the em box of the first available font of the inline box.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> is <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-alphabetic><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-alphabetic>alphabetic</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var>'s vertical position be the alphabetic baseline of
+ the first available font of the inline box.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> is <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-ideographic><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-ideographic>ideographic</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var>'s vertical position be the ideographic baseline of
+ the first available font of the inline box.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> is <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-bottom><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-bottom>bottom</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var>'s vertical position be the bottom of the em box of
+ the first available font of the inline box.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">result</var> be an array constructed by iterating over each glyph in the
+ inline box from left to right (if any), adding to the array, for each glyph, the shape of the
+ glyph as it is in the inline box, positioned on a coordinate space using CSS pixels with its
+ origin is at the <var title="">anchor point</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">result</var>, <var title="">physical alignment</var>, and the inline
+ box.</li>
+
+ </ol><h6 id=building-paths><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.6 </span>Building paths</h6>
+
+ <p>Each object implementing the <code><a href=#canvaspathmethods>CanvasPathMethods</a></code> interface has a <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a>. A <dfn id=concept-path title=concept-path>path</dfn> has a list of zero or
+ more subpaths. Each subpath consists of a list of one or more points, connected by straight or
+ curved <dfn id=line-segments>line segments</dfn>, and a flag indicating whether the subpath is closed or not. A
+ closed subpath is one where the last point of the subpath is connected to the first point of the
+ subpath by a straight line. Subpaths with only one point are ignored when painting the path.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>Paths</a> have a <dfn id=need-new-subpath>need new subpath</dfn> flag. When this
+ flag is set, certain APIs create a new subpath rather than extending the previous one. When a
+ <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a> is created, its <a href=#need-new-subpath>need new subpath</a> flag must be
+ set.</p>
+
+ <p>When an object implementing the <code><a href=#canvaspathmethods>CanvasPathMethods</a></code> interface is created, its <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a> must be initialised to zero subpaths.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-moveTo><a href=#dom-context-2d-moveto>moveTo</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-moveTo><a href=#dom-context-2d-moveto>moveTo</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Creates a new subpath with the given point.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-closePath><a href=#dom-context-2d-closepath>closePath</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-closePath><a href=#dom-context-2d-closepath>closePath</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Marks the current subpath as closed, and starts a new subpath with a point the same as the
+ start and end of the newly closed subpath.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-lineTo><a href=#dom-context-2d-lineto>lineTo</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-lineTo><a href=#dom-context-2d-lineto>lineTo</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds the given point to the current subpath, connected to the previous one by a straight
+ line.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-quadraticCurveTo><a href=#dom-context-2d-quadraticcurveto>quadraticCurveTo</a></code>(<var title="">cpx</var>, <var title="">cpy</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-quadraticCurveTo><a href=#dom-context-2d-quadraticcurveto>quadraticCurveTo</a></code>(<var title="">cpx</var>, <var title="">cpy</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds the given point to the current subpath, connected to the previous one by a quadratic
+ B&eacute;zier curve with the given control point.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-bezierCurveTo><a href=#dom-context-2d-beziercurveto>bezierCurveTo</a></code>(<var title="">cp1x</var>, <var title="">cp1y</var>, <var title="">cp2x</var>, <var title="">cp2y</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-bezierCurveTo><a href=#dom-context-2d-beziercurveto>bezierCurveTo</a></code>(<var title="">cp1x</var>, <var title="">cp1y</var>, <var title="">cp2x</var>, <var title="">cp2y</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds the given point to the current subpath, connected to the previous one by a cubic
+ B&eacute;zier curve with the given control points.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-arcTo><a href=#dom-context-2d-arcto>arcTo</a></code>(<var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>, <var title="">x2</var>, <var title="">y2</var>, <var title="">radiusX</var> [, <var title="">radiusY</var>, <var title="">rotation</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-arcTo><a href=#dom-context-2d-arcto>arcTo</a></code>(<var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>, <var title="">x2</var>, <var title="">y2</var>, <var title="">radiusX</var> [, <var title="">radiusY</var>, <var title="">rotation</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds an arc with the given control points and radius to the current subpath, connected to the
+ previous point by a straight line.</p>
+
+ <p>If two radii are provided, the first controls the width of the arc's ellipse, and the second
+ controls the height. If only one is provided, or if they are the same, the arc is from a circle.
+ In the case of an ellipse, the rotation argument controls the clockwise inclination of the
+ ellipse relative to the x-axis.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception if the given radius is negative.</p>
+
+ <figure class=diagrams><!-- if anyone wants to try writing alternative text for these,
+ be my guest. I can't work out how to describe them. --><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/arcTo1.png width=357 alt="" height=254><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/arcTo2.png width=468 alt="" height=310><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/arcTo3.png width=513 alt="" height=233></figure><!--
+
+c.clearRect(0, 0, 640, 480);
+c.save();
+try {
+ var x0 = 150;
+ var y0 = 100;
+ var x1 = 375;
+ var y1 = 100;
+ var x2 = x1;
+ var y2 = 250;
+ var r = 50;
+
+ var bottom = 210;
+ var center = 100;
+
+ var fontSize = 16;
+ var margin = 50;
+ var dotHalfSize = 5;
+
+ // (also update the label positions at the bottom)
+
+
+ // ========
+
+ function extendLine(xa,ya,xb,yb) {
+ var dx = xb-xa;
+ var dy = yb-ya;
+ var theta = Math.atan2(dx,dy);
+ var extX = margin * Math.sin(theta);
+ var extY = margin * Math.cos(theta);
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.moveTo(xa-extX,ya-extY);
+ c.lineTo(xb+extX,yb+extY);
+ c.stroke();
+ }
+
+ function dot(x,y,s) {
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.arc(x,y,dotHalfSize,0,Math.PI*2);
+ c.fill();
+ c.textAlign = 'left';
+ c.textBaseline = 'top';
+ c.fillText(s,x+dotHalfSize,y);
+ }
+
+ c.font = fontSize + 'px Gill Sans';
+ c.fillStyle = 'black';
+ c.lineWidth = 1;
+ c.strokeStyle = 'red';
+ extendLine(x0,y0,x1,y1);
+ extendLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
+
+ c.lineWidth = 1;
+ c.strokeStyle = 'silver';
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.moveTo(x0,y0);
+
+ // based on http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/cairo/2005-August/004801.html
+ var angle0, angle1, angle2, angled;
+ var xc, yc, dc;
+ angle0 = Math.atan2(y0 - y1, x0 - x1);
+ angle2 = Math.atan2(y2 - y1, x2 - x1);
+ angle1 = (angle0 + angle2) / 2;
+ angled = angle2 - angle0;
+ if (angled > Math.PI || (angled < 0 && angled > -Math.PI)) {
+ angle1 += Math.PI;
+ angled = 2 * Math.PI - angled;
+ angle0 += Math.PI*2;
+ angle2 -= Math.PI*2;
+ } else {
+ angle0 -= Math.PI*2;
+ angle2 += Math.PI*2;
+ }
+ dc = r / Math.sin (angled / 2);
+ yc = Math.sin(angle1);
+ xc = Math.cos(angle1);
+ xc = x1 + xc * dc;
+ yc = y1 + yc * dc;
+
+ c.lineWidth = 1;
+ c.strokeStyle = 'blue';
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.moveTo(xc,yc);
+ c.arc(xc,yc,r, Math.PI*3/4, Math.PI*(3/4));
+ c.stroke();
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.strokeStyle = 'silver';
+ c.arc(xc,yc,r, Math.PI*3/4,Math.PI*(2+3/4));
+ c.stroke();
+ c.save();
+ try {
+ c.translate(xc, yc);
+ c.rotate(-Math.PI/4);
+ c.textAlign = 'center';
+ c.textBaseline = 'top';
+ c.fillText("radius", -r/2, 0);
+ } finally {
+ c.restore();
+ }
+
+ c.lineWidth = 15;
+ c.lineCap = 'round';
+ c.strokeStyle = 'rgba(20,200,40,0.8)';
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.moveTo(x0,y0);
+ c.arcTo(x1,y1,x2,y2,r);
+ c.stroke();
+
+ dot(x0,y0, "x\u2080,y\u2080");
+ dot(x1,y1, "x\u2081,y\u2081");
+ dot(x2,y2, "x\u2082,y\u2082");
+ dot(xc,yc, '');
+
+ c.textAlign = 'left';
+ c.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
+ var L = 0;
+
+ function print(s) {
+ c.fillText(s, center, bottom+L*fontSize*1.3);
+ L += 1;
+ }
+ print('// the thick line corresponds to:');
+ print('context.moveTo(x\u2080, y\u2080)');
+ print('context.arcTo(x\u2081, y\u2081, x\u2082, y\u2082, radius)');
+ print('context.stroke()');
+
+ c.fillStyle = 'green';
+ c.fillText("\u25be initial line", 160, 70);
+ c.textAlign = 'right';
+ c.fillText("arc \u25b8", x1-25, 115);
+
+} finally {
+ c.restore();
+}
+
+--></dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-arc><a href=#dom-context-2d-arc>arc</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">radius</var>, <var title="">startAngle</var>, <var title="">endAngle</var> [, <var title="">anticlockwise</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-arc><a href=#dom-context-2d-arc>arc</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">radius</var>, <var title="">startAngle</var>, <var title="">endAngle</var> [, <var title="">anticlockwise</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds points to the subpath such that the arc described by the circumference of the circle
+ described by the arguments, starting at the given start angle and ending at the given end angle,
+ going in the given direction (defaulting to clockwise), is added to the path, connected to the
+ previous point by a straight line.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception if the given radius is negative.</p>
+
+ <figure class=diagrams><!-- if anyone wants to try writing alternative text for this, be my guest. I can't work out how to describe it. --><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/arc1.png width=590 alt="" height=255></figure><!--
+
+c.clearRect(0, 0, 640, 480);
+c.save();
+try {
+ var x0 = 50;
+ var y0 = 200;
+ var x = 255;
+ var y = 150;
+ var radius = 100;
+ var startAngle = 2.0;
+ var endAngle = 5.7;
+ var direction = false;
+
+ var bottom = 110;
+ var center = 380;
+
+ var fontSize = 16;
+ var margin = 50;
+ var dotHalfSize = 5;
+ var arrowHead = 5;
+
+ // (also update the label positions at the bottom)
+
+ // ========
+
+ function dot(x,y,s) {
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.arc(x,y,dotHalfSize,0,Math.PI*2);
+ c.fill();
+ c.textAlign = 'center';
+ c.textBaseline = 'top';
+ c.fillText(s,x,y+dotHalfSize);
+ }
+
+ function arc(x, y, r, sA, eA, d, fr, s) {
+ c.lineWidth = 1;
+ c.strokeStyle = 'red';
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.arc(x, y, r, sA, eA, d);
+ c.stroke();
+
+ c.save();
+ c.translate(x, y);
+ c.rotate(eA);
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.moveTo(r-arrowHead, d?arrowHead:-arrowHead);
+ c.lineTo(r, 0);
+ c.lineTo(r+arrowHead, d?arrowHead:-arrowHead);
+ c.stroke();
+ c.strokeStyle = 'silver';
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.moveTo(0, 0);
+ c.lineTo(fr, 0);
+ c.stroke();
+ c.restore();
+
+ c.fillStyle = 'black';
+ if (eA<Math.PI) {
+ c.save();
+ c.translate(x, y);
+ c.rotate(sA+(eA-sA)/2-Math.PI/2);
+ c.translate(0, r);
+ c.rotate(-(sA+(eA-sA)/2-Math.PI/2));
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.textAlign = 'center';
+ c.textBaseline = 'bottom';
+ c.fillText(s + ' ',0,0);
+ c.restore();
+ } else {
+ c.save();
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.textAlign = 'left';
+ c.textBaseline = 'middle';
+ c.fillText(' ' + s,x-r,y);
+ c.restore();
+ }
+ }
+
+ function radial(x, y, length, rotation, s) {
+ c.lineWidth = 1;
+ c.strokeStyle = 'blue';
+ c.save();
+ c.translate(x, y);
+ c.rotate(rotation);
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.moveTo(0, 0);
+ c.lineTo(length, 0);
+ c.stroke();
+ c.textAlign = 'center';
+ c.textBaseline = 'bottom';
+ c.fillStyle = 'black';
+ c.fillText(s,length/2,0);
+ c.restore();
+ }
+
+ c.font = fontSize + 'px Gill Sans';
+
+ // construction lines
+ c.lineWidth = 1;
+ c.strokeStyle = 'silver';
+ // circle
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.arc(x, y, radius, 0, 2*Math.PI);
+ c.stroke();
+ // angles
+ arc(x, y, radius/10+2*radius/3, 0, startAngle, false, radius, '\u03B1');
+ arc(x, y, radius/10+radius/3, 0, endAngle, false, radius, '\u03B2');
+ // radii
+ radial(x, y, radius, 0, 'radius');
+
+ // the line
+ c.lineWidth = 15;
+ c.lineCap = 'round';
+ c.strokeStyle = 'rgba(20,200,40,0.8)';
+ c.beginPath();
+ c.moveTo(x0,y0);
+ c.arc(x,y,radius,startAngle,endAngle,direction);
+ c.stroke();
+
+ dot(x0,y0, "x\u2080,y\u2080");
+ dot(x,y, "x,y");
+
+ c.textAlign = 'left';
+ c.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
+ var L = 0;
+
+ function print(s) {
+ c.fillText(s, center, bottom+L*fontSize*1.3);
+ L += 1;
+ }
+ print('// the thick line corresponds to:');
+ print('context.moveTo(x\u2080, y\u2080)');
+ print('context.arc(x, y, radius, \u03B1, \u03B2)');
+ print('context.stroke()');
+
+ c.fillStyle = 'green';
+
+ c.textBaseline = 'top';
+ c.fillText("initial line \u25b4", x0+20, y0+fontSize*2);
+
+ c.textAlign = 'right';
+ c.textBaseline = 'middle';
+ c.fillText("arc \u25b8", x-radius-15, y);
+
+} finally {
+ c.restore();
+}
+--></dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-ellipse><a href=#dom-context-2d-ellipse>ellipse</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">radiusX</var>, <var title="">radiusY</var>, <var title="">rotation</var>, <var title="">startAngle</var>, <var title="">endAngle</var> [, <var title="">anticlockwise</var>] )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-ellipse><a href=#dom-context-2d-ellipse>ellipse</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">radiusX</var>, <var title="">radiusY</var>, <var title="">rotation</var>, <var title="">startAngle</var>, <var title="">endAngle</var> [, <var title="">anticlockwise</var>] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds points to the subpath such that the arc described by the circumference of the ellipse
+ described by the arguments, starting at the given start angle and ending at the given end angle,
+ going in the given direction (defaulting to clockwise), is added to the path, connected to the
+ previous point by a straight line.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception if the given radius is negative.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-rect><a href=#dom-context-2d-rect>rect</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">w</var>, <var title="">h</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-rect><a href=#dom-context-2d-rect>rect</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">w</var>, <var title="">h</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds a new closed subpath to the path, representing the given rectangle.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The following methods allow authors to manipulate the <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>paths</a>
+ of objects implementing the <code><a href=#canvaspathmethods>CanvasPathMethods</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> objects, the points passed to the methods, and the
+ resulting lines added to <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> by these methods, must be transformed
+ according to the <a href=#transformations title=dom-context-2d-transformation>current transformation matrix</a>
+ before being added to the path.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-moveto title=dom-context-2d-moveTo><code>moveTo(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</code></dfn> method must create a new subpath with the specified point as its
+ first (and only) point.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=ensure-there-is-a-subpath>ensure there is a subpath</dfn> for a coordinate (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) on a <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a>, the user
+ agent must check to see if the <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a> has its <a href=#need-new-subpath>need new
+ subpath</a> flag set. If it does, the user agent must create a new subpath with the point (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) as its first (and only) point, as if the <code title=dom-context-2d-moveTo><a href=#dom-context-2d-moveto>moveTo()</a></code> method had been called, and must then unset the
+ <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a>'s <a href=#need-new-subpath>need new subpath</a> flag.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-closepath title=dom-context-2d-closePath><code>closePath()</code></dfn> method must do nothing
+ if the object's path has no subpaths. Otherwise, it must mark the last subpath as closed, create a
+ new subpath whose first point is the same as the previous subpath's first point, and finally add
+ this new subpath to the path.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the last subpath had more than one point in its list of points, then this is
+ equivalent to adding a straight line connecting the last point back to the first point, thus
+ "closing" the shape, and then repeating the last (possibly implied) <code title=dom-context-2d-moveTo><a href=#dom-context-2d-moveto>moveTo()</a></code> call.</p>
+
+
+ <p>New points and the lines connecting them are added to subpaths using the methods described
+ below. In all cases, the methods only modify the last subpath in the object's path.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-lineto title=dom-context-2d-lineTo><code>lineTo(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</code></dfn> method must <a href=#ensure-there-is-a-subpath>ensure there is a subpath</a> for <span title="">(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</span> if the object's path has no
+ subpaths. Otherwise, it must connect the last point in the subpath to the given point (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) using a straight line, and must then add the given point
+ (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) to the subpath.</p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-quadraticcurveto title=dom-context-2d-quadraticCurveTo><code>quadraticCurveTo(<var title="">cpx</var>, <var title="">cpy</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</code></dfn> method must <a href=#ensure-there-is-a-subpath>ensure there is a subpath</a> for <span title="">(<var title="">cpx</var>, <var title="">cpy</var>)</span>, and then must connect the last
+ point in the subpath to the given point (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) using a
+ quadratic B&eacute;zier curve with control point (<var title="">cpx</var>, <var title="">cpy</var>), and must then add the given point (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) to the subpath. <a href=#refsBEZIER>[BEZIER]</a></p>
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-beziercurveto title=dom-context-2d-bezierCurveTo><code>bezierCurveTo(<var title="">cp1x</var>,
+ <var title="">cp1y</var>, <var title="">cp2x</var>, <var title="">cp2y</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</code></dfn> method must <a href=#ensure-there-is-a-subpath>ensure there is a
+ subpath</a> for <span title="">(<var title="">cp1x</var>, <var title="">cp1y</var>)</span>, and
+ then must connect the last point in the subpath to the given point (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) using a cubic B&eacute;zier curve with control points (<var title="">cp1x</var>,
+ <var title="">cp1y</var>) and (<var title="">cp2x</var>, <var title="">cp2y</var>). Then, it must
+ add the point (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) to the subpath. <a href=#refsBEZIER>[BEZIER]</a></p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-arcto title=dom-context-2d-arcTo><code>arcTo(<var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>, <var title="">x2</var>, <var title="">y2</var>, <var title="">radiusX</var>,
+ <var title="">radiusY</var>, <var title="">rotation</var>)</code></dfn> method must first
+ <a href=#ensure-there-is-a-subpath>ensure there is a subpath</a> for <span title="">(<var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>)</span>. Then, the behavior depends on the arguments and the last point in the
+ subpath, as described below.</p>
+
+ <p>Negative values for <var title="">radiusX</var> or <var title="">radiusY</var> must cause the
+ implementation to throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception. If <var title="">radiusY</var>
+ is omitted, user agents must act as if it had the same value as <var title="">radiusX</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let the point (<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>) be the last point in the
+ subpath, transformed by the inverse of the <a href=#transformations title=dom-context-2d-transformation>current
+ transformation matrix</a> (so that it is in the same coordinate system as the points passed to
+ the method).</p>
+
+ <p>If the point (<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>) is equal to the point (<var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>), or if the point (<var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>) is equal to the point (<var title="">x2</var>, <var title="">y2</var>), or if
+ both <var title="">radiusX</var> and <var title="">radiusY</var> are zero, then the method must
+ add the point (<var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>) to the subpath, and connect that
+ point to the previous point (<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>) by a straight
+ line.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the points (<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>), (<var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>), and (<var title="">x2</var>, <var title="">y2</var>)
+ all lie on a single straight line, then the method must add the point (<var title="">x1</var>,
+ <var title="">y1</var>) to the subpath, and connect that point to the previous point (<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>) by a straight line.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">The Arc</var> be the shortest arc given by circumference of the
+ ellipse that has radius <var title="">radiusX</var> on the major axis and radius <var title="">radiusY</var> on the minor axis, and whose semi-major axis is rotated <var title="">rotation</var> radians clockwise from the positive x-axis, and that has one point tangent
+ to the half-infinite line that crosses the point (<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>)
+ and ends at the point (<var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>), and that has a different
+ point tangent to the half-infinite line that ends at the point (<var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>) and crosses the point (<var title="">x2</var>, <var title="">y2</var>). The
+ points at which this ellipse touches these two lines are called the start and end tangent points
+ respectively. The method must connect the point (<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>)
+ to the start tangent point by a straight line, adding the start tangent point to the subpath, and
+ then must connect the start tangent point to the end tangent point by <var title="">The Arc</var>,
+ adding the end tangent point to the subpath.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-arc title=dom-context-2d-arc><code>arc(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>,
+ <var title="">radius</var>, <var title="">startAngle</var>, <var title="">endAngle</var>, <var title="">anticlockwise</var>)</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-context-2d-ellipse title=dom-context-2d-ellipse><code>ellipse(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">radiusX</var>, <var title="">radiusY</var>, <var title="">rotation</var>, <var title="">startAngle</var>, <var title="">endAngle</var>, <var title="">anticlockwise</var>)</code></dfn> methods draw arcs.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-context-2d-arc><a href=#dom-context-2d-arc>arc()</a></code> method is equivalent to the <code title=dom-context-2d-ellipse><a href=#dom-context-2d-ellipse>ellipse()</a></code> method in the case where the two radii are equal.
+ When the <code title=dom-context-2d-arc><a href=#dom-context-2d-arc>arc()</a></code> method is invoked, it must act as if the
+ <code title=dom-context-2d-ellipse><a href=#dom-context-2d-ellipse>ellipse()</a></code> method had been invoked with the <var title="">radiusX</var> and <var title="">radiusY</var> arguments set to the value of the <var title="">radius</var> argument, the <var title="">rotation</var> argument set to zero, and the
+ other arguments set to the same values as their identically named arguments on the <code title=dom-context-2d-arc><a href=#dom-context-2d-arc>arc()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code title=dom-context-2d-ellipse><a href=#dom-context-2d-ellipse>ellipse()</a></code> method is invoked, it must
+ proceed as follows. First, if the object's path has any subpaths, then the method must add a
+ straight line from the last point in the subpath to the start point of the arc. Then, it must add
+ the start and end points of the arc to the subpath, and connect them with an arc. The arc and its
+ start and end points are defined as follows:</p>
+
+ <p>Consider an ellipse that has its origin at (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>), that
+ has a major-axis radius <var title="">radiusX</var> and a minor-axis radius <var title="">radiusY</var>, and that is rotated about its origin such that its semi-major axis is
+ inclined <var title="">rotation</var> radians clockwise from the x-axis.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">anticlockwise</var> argument is false and <span title=""><var title="">endAngle</var>-<var title="">startAngle</var></span> is equal to or greater than <span title="">2&pi;</span>, or, if the <var title="">anticlockwise</var> argument is <em>true</em>
+ and <span title=""><var title="">startAngle</var>-<var title="">endAngle</var></span> is equal
+ to or greater than <span title="">2&pi;</span>, then the arc is the whole circumference of this
+ ellipse, and the point at <var title="">startAngle</var> along this circle's circumference,
+ measured in radians clockwise from the ellipse's semi-major axis, acts as both the start point and
+ the end point.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the points at <var title="">startAngle</var> and <var title="">endAngle</var>
+ along this circle's circumference, measured in radians clockwise from the ellipse's semi-major
+ axis, are the start and end points respectively, and the arc is the path along the circumference
+ of this ellipse from the start point to the end point, going anti-clockwise if the <var title="">anticlockwise</var> argument is true, and clockwise otherwise. Since the points are on
+ the ellipse, as opposed to being simply angles from zero, the arc can never cover an angle greater
+ than <span title="">2&pi;</span> radians.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Even if the arc covers the entire circumference of the ellipse and there are no
+ other points in the subpath, the path is not closed unless the <code title=dom-context-2d-closePath><a href=#dom-context-2d-closepath>closePath()</a></code> method is appropriately invoked.</p>
+
+ <p>Negative values for <var title="">radiusX</var> or <var title="">radiusY</var> must cause the
+ implementation to throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-rect title=dom-context-2d-rect><code>rect(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">w</var>, <var title="">h</var>)</code></dfn> method must create
+ a new subpath containing just the four points (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>),
+ (<var title="">x</var>+<var title="">w</var>, <var title="">y</var>), (<var title="">x</var>+<var title="">w</var>, <var title="">y</var>+<var title="">h</var>), (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>+<var title="">h</var>), in that order, with those four
+ points connected by straight lines, and must then mark the subpath as closed. It must then create
+ a new subpath with the point (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) as the only point in
+ the subpath.</p>
+
+ <!-- v6 feature request:
+ * points as a primitive shape
+ http://home.comcast.net/~urbanjost/canvas/vogle4.html
+ -->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=path2d-objects><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.7 </span><code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> objects</h6>
+
+ <p><code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> objects can be used to declare paths that are then later used on
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> objects. In addition to many of the APIs described in
+ earlier sections, <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> objects have methods to combine paths, and to add text to
+ paths.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">path</var> = new <code title=dom-Path2D><a href=#dom-path2d>Path2D</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Creates a new empty <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> = new <code title=dom-Path2D-copy><a href=#dom-path2d-copy>Path2D</a></code>(<var title="">path</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Creates a new <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object that is a copy of the argument.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> = new <code title=dom-Path2D-merge><a href=#dom-path2d-merge>Path2D</a></code>(<var title="">paths</var> [, <var title="">fillRule</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Creates a new <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object that describes a path that outlines the given <var title="">paths</var>, using the given fill rule.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> = new <code title=dom-Path2D-withdata><a href=#dom-path2d-withdata>Path2D</a></code>(<var title="">d</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Creates a new path with the path described by the argument, interpreted as SVG path data. <a href=#refsSVG>[SVG]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-Path2D-addPath><a href=#dom-path2d-addpath>addPath</a></code>(<var title="">path</var> [, <var title="">transform</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-Path2D-addPathByStrokingPath><a href=#dom-path2d-addpathbystrokingpath>addPathByStrokingPath</a></code>(<var title="">path</var>, <var title="">styles</var> [, <var title="">transform</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds to the path the path given by the argument.</p>
+
+ <p>In the case of the stroking variants, the line styles are taken from the <var title="">styles</var> argument, which can be either a <code><a href=#drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a></code> object or a
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-Path2D-addText><a href=#dom-path2d-addtext>addText</a></code>(<var title="">text</var>, <var title="">styles</var>, <var title="">transform</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var> [, <var title="">maxWidth</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-Path2D-addText><a href=#dom-path2d-addtext>addText</a></code>(<var title="">text</var>, <var title="">styles</var>, <var title="">transform</var>, <var title="">path</var> [, <var title="">maxWidth</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-Path2D-addPathByStrokingText><a href=#dom-path2d-addpathbystrokingtext>addPathByStrokingText</a></code>(<var title="">text</var>, <var title="">styles</var>, <var title="">transform</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var> [, <var title="">maxWidth</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">path</var> . <code title=dom-Path2D-addPathByStrokingText><a href=#dom-path2d-addpathbystrokingtext>addPathByStrokingText</a></code>(<var title="">text</var>, <var title="">styles</var>, <var title="">transform</var>, <var title="">path</var> [, <var title="">maxWidth</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds to the path a series of subpaths corresponding to the given text. If the arguments give
+ a coordinate, the text is drawn horizontally at the given coordinates. If the arguments give a
+ path, the text is drawn along the path. If a maximum width is provided, the text will be scaled
+ to fit that width if necessary.</p>
+
+ <p>The font, and in the case of the stroking variants, the line styles, are taken from the <var title="">styles</var> argument, which can be either a <code><a href=#drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a></code> object or a
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-path2d title=dom-Path2D><code>Path()</code></dfn> constructor, when invoked, must return a
+ newly created <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-path2d-copy title=dom-Path2D-copy><code>Path(<var title="">path</var>)</code></dfn>
+ constructor, when invoked, must return a newly created <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object, to which the
+ subpaths of the argument are added. (In other words, it returns a copy of the argument.)</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-path2d-merge title=dom-Path2D-merge><code>Path(<var title="">paths</var>, <var title="">fillRule</var>)</code></dfn> constructor, when invoked, must run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Run the appropriate step from the following list, based on the constructor's sectond
+ argument:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dd>If it is "nonzero"</dd>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">merged path</var> be a <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a> that
+ consists of a set of non-overlapping subpaths that exactly outline the points from which, in
+ any of the <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>paths</a> provided in the constructor's first
+ argument, the number of times a half-infinite straight line drawn from that point crosses a
+ subpath going in one direction is not equal to the number of times it crosses a subpath going
+ in the other direction.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dd>If it is "evenodd"</dd>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">merged path</var> be a <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a> that
+ consists of a set of non-overlapping subpaths that exactly outline the points from which, in
+ any of the <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>paths</a> provided in the constructor's first
+ argument, the number of times a half-infinite straight line drawn from that point crosses that
+ path is odd.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The subpaths in <var title="">merged path</var> must be oriented such that for any point,
+ the number of times a half-infinite straight line drawn from that point crosses a subpath is
+ even if and only if the number of times a half-infinite straight line drawn from that same point
+ crosses a subpath going in one direction is equal to the number of times it crosses a subpath
+ going in the other direction.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Add all the subpaths in <var title="">merged path</var> to the <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code>
+ object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object's <a href=#need-new-subpath>need new subpath</a> flag.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-path2d-withdata title=dom-Path2D-withdata><code>Path(<var title="">d</var>)</code></dfn>
+ constructor must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Parse and interpret the <var title="">d</var> argument according to the SVG specification's
+ rules for path data, thus obtaining an SVG path. <a href=#refsSVG>[SVG]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The resulting path could be empty. SVG defines error handling rules for parsing
+ and applying path data.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) be the last point in the SVG
+ path.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object and add all the subpaths in the SVG path, if any,
+ to that <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object. </p>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new subpath in the <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object with (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) as the only point in the subpath.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object as the constructed object.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-path2d-addpath title=dom-Path2D-addPath><code>addPath(<var title="">b</var>, <var title="">transform</var>)</code></dfn> method, when invoked on a <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object <var title="">a</var>, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object <var title="">b</var> has no subpaths, abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a copy of all the subpaths in <var title="">b</var>. Let this copy be known as <var title="">c</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Transform all the coordinates and lines in <var title="">c</var> by the transform matrix
+ <var title="">transform</var>, if it is not null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) be the last point in the last subpath
+ of <var title="">c</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add all the subpaths in <var title="">c</var> to <var title="">a</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new subpath in <var title="">a</var> with (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) as the only point in the subpath.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-path2d-addpathbystrokingpath title=dom-Path2D-addPathByStrokingPath><code>addPathByStrokingPath(<var title="">b</var>, <var title="">styles</var>, <var title="">transform</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method, when invoked on a <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object <var title="">a</var>, must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object <var title="">b</var> has no subpaths, abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a copy of all the subpaths in <var title="">b</var>. Let this copy be known as <var title="">c</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Transform all the coordinates and lines in <var title="">c</var> by transformation matrix
+ <var title="">transform</var>, if it is not null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let a new list of subpaths <var title="">d</var> be the result of <a href=#trace-a-path title="trace a
+ path">tracing</a> <var title="">c</var>, using the <var title="">styles</var> argument for the
+ line styles.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) be the last point in the last subpath
+ of <var title="">d</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add all the subpaths in <var title="">d</var> to <var title="">a</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new subpath in <var title="">a</var> with (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) as the only point in the subpath.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-path2d-addtext title=dom-Path2D-addText><code>addText()</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-path2d-addpathbystrokingtext title=dom-Path2D-addPathByStrokingText><code>addPathByStrokingText()</code></dfn> methods each
+ come in two variants: one rendering text at a given coordinate, and one rendering text along a
+ given path. In both cases, the methods take a <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> object argument for
+ the text and (if appropriate) line styles to use, an <code><a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a></code> object <var title="">transform</var> (which can be null), and a maximum width can optionally be provided.</p>
+
+ <p>When one of the <code title=dom-Path2D-addText><a href=#dom-path2d-addtext>addText()</a></code> and <code title=dom-Path2D-addPathByStrokingText><a href=#dom-path2d-addpathbystrokingtext>addPathByStrokingText()</a></code> variants that take as
+ argument an (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) coordinate is invoked, the method
+ must run the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Run the <a href=#text-preparation-algorithm>text preparation algorithm</a>, passing it <var title="">text</var>, the
+ <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> object argument, and, if the <var title="">maxWidth</var>
+ argument was provided, that argument. Let <var title="">glyphs</var> be the result.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Move all the shapes in <var title="">glyphs</var> to the right by <var title="">x</var>
+ CSS pixels and down by <var title="">y</var> CSS pixels.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">glyph paths</var> be a list of <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>paths</a>
+ describing the shapes given in <var title="">glyphs</var>, with each CSS pixel in the coordinate
+ space of <var title="">glyphs</var> mapped to one coordinate space unit in <var title="">glyph
+ paths</var>. Subpaths in <var title="">glyph paths</var> must wind clockwise, regardless of how
+ the user agent's font subsystem renders fonts and regardless of how the fonts themselves are
+ defined.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Transform all the coordinates and lines in <var title="">glyph paths</var> by the
+ transformation matrix <var title="">transform</var>, if it is not null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the method is <code title=dom-Path2D-addPathByStrokingText><a href=#dom-path2d-addpathbystrokingtext>addPathByStrokingText()</a></code>, replace <var title="">glyph paths</var> by the result of <a href=#trace-a-path title="trace a path">tracing</a> each
+ <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a> in <var title="">glyph paths</var>, using the
+ <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> object argument for the line styles.</p>
+
+ <li id=mergeGlyphs>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">merged path</var> be a <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a> that
+ consists of a set of non-overlapping subpaths that exactly outline the points from which, in any
+ of the <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>paths</a> in <var title="">glyph paths</var>, the number
+ of times a half-infinite straight line drawn from that point crosses that path is odd.</p>
+
+ <p>The subpaths in <var title="">merged path</var> must be oriented such that for any point,
+ the number of times a half-infinite straight line drawn from that point crosses a subpath is
+ even if and only if the number of times a half-infinite straight line drawn from that same point
+ crosses a subpath going in one direction is equal to the number of times it crosses a subpath
+ going in the other direction.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, suppose <var title="">text</var> consists of two overlapping glyphs "Q" and
+ "p" (maybe the "Q" has a flourish that crosses into the tail of the "p"). The <var title="">glyph paths</var> therefore consist of two paths, each with two subpaths: one for the
+ outside of the letter shape, and one for the inside of the letter shape. There are points that,
+ according to the even-odd fill rule, are filled in both shapes simultaneously: where they
+ overlap. As such, the subpaths from the two glyphs actually cross each other.</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/Qp-overlap.png alt=""></p> <!-- this image repeats the previous paragraph,
+ so alternative text would be redundant -->
+ <!--
+ c.clearRect(0, 0, 640, 480);
+ c.save();
+ try {
+ c.font = '100px Zapfino';
+ c.fillStyle = 'blue';
+ c.fillText('Q', 200, 200);
+ c.fillStyle = 'fuchsia';
+ c.fillText('p', 337, 200);
+ } finally {
+ c.restore();
+ }
+ -->
+
+ <p>The resulting <var title="">merged path</var> in such a situation would have just one path
+ for these two letters, with a total of just three subpaths (one big outer outline, one for the
+ inside of the "Q", and one for inside of the "p"). This single path would have no subpaths that
+ cross each other.</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/Qp-overlap-outline.png alt=""></p> <!-- this image again repeats the
+ previous paragraph, so alternative text would be redundant -->
+ <!-- this is just an edge-detected version of the previous image -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Add all the subpaths in <var title="">merged path</var> to the <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code>
+ object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object's <a href=#need-new-subpath>need new subpath</a> flag.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When one of the <code title=dom-Path2D-addText><a href=#dom-path2d-addtext>addText()</a></code> and <code title=dom-Path2D-addPathByStrokingText><a href=#dom-path2d-addpathbystrokingtext>addPathByStrokingText()</a></code> variants that take as
+ argument a <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object is invoked, the method must run the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">target</var> be the <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object on which the method was
+ invoked.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">path</var> be the <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object that was provided in the
+ method's arguments.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the <a href=#text-preparation-algorithm>text preparation algorithm</a>, passing it <var title="">text</var>, the
+ <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> object argument, and, if the <var title="">maxWidth</var>
+ argument was provided, that argument. Let <var title="">glyphs</var> be the resulting array, and
+ <var title="">physical alignment</var> be the resulting alignment value.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">width</var> be the aggregate length of all the subpaths in <var title="">path</var>, including the distances from the last point of each closed subpath to the
+ first point of that subpath.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Define <var title="">L</var> to be a linear coordinate line for of all the subpaths in
+ <var title="">path</var>, with additional lines drawn between the last point and the first point
+ of each closed subpath, such that the first point of the first subpath is defined as point 0, and
+ the last point of the last subpath, if the last subpath is not closed, or the second occurrence
+ first point of that subpath, if it is closed, is defined as point <var title="">width</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">offset</var> be determined according to the appropriate step below:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">physical alignment</var> is <i>left</i></dt> <dd>Let <var title="">offset</var> be zero.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">physical alignment</var> is <i>right</i></dt> <dd>Let <var title="">offset</var> be <var title="">width</var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">physical alignment</var> is <i title="">center</i></dt> <dd>Let <var title="">offset</var> be half of <var title="">width</var>.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Move all the shapes in <var title="">glyphs</var> to the right by <var title="">offset</var> CSS pixels.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">transformed path list</var> be an empty list of paths.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each glyph <var title="">glyph</var> in the <var title="">glyphs</var> array, run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">dx</var> be the <var title="">x</var>-coordinate of the horizontal
+ center of the bounding box of the shape described by <var title="">glyph</var>, in CSS
+ pixels.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">dx</var> is negative or greater than <var title="">width</var>, skip
+ the remainder of these substeps for this glyph.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Recast <var title="">dx</var> to coordinate spaces units in <var title="">path</var>.
+ (This just changes the dimensionality of <var title="">dx</var>, not its numeric value.)</p>
+ <!-- hide this step if people get confused by the pedancy -->
+
+ <li><p>Find the point <var title="">p</var> on <var title="">path</var> (or implied closing
+ lines in <var title="">path</var>) that corresponds to the position <var title="">dx</var> on
+ the coordinate line <var title="">L</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">&theta;</var> be the clockwise angle from the positive x-axis to the
+ side of the line that is tangential to <var title="">path</var> at the point <var title="">p</var> that is going in the same direction as the line at point <var title="">p</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Rotate the shape described by <var title="">glyph</var> clockwise by <var title="">&theta;</var> about the point that is at the <var title="">dx</var> coordinate
+ horizontally and the zero coordinate vertically.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) be the coordinate of the point <var title="">p</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Move the shape described by <var title="">glyph</var> to the right by <var title="">x</var> and down by <var title="">y</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">glyph subpaths</var> be a list of subpaths describing the shape given
+ in <var title="">glyph</var>, with each CSS pixel in the coordinate space of <var title="">glyph</var> mapped to one coordinate space unit in <var title="">glyph subpaths</var>.
+ Subpaths in <var title="">glyph subpaths</var> must wind clockwise, regardless of how the user
+ agent's font subsystem renders fonts and regardless of how the fonts themselves are
+ defined.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Transform all the coordinates and lines in <var title="">glyph subpaths</var> by the
+ transformation matrix <var title="">transform</var>, if it is not null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the method is <code title=dom-Path2D-addPathByStrokingText><a href=#dom-path2d-addpathbystrokingtext>addPathByStrokingText()</a></code>, replace <var title="">glyph subpaths</var> by the result of <a href=#trace-a-path title="trace a path">tracing</a> <var title="">glyph subpaths</var>, using the <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> object argument for
+ the line styles.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Add all the subpaths in <var title="">glyph subpaths</var> to <var title="">transformed path list</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">merged path</var> be a <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a> that
+ consists of a set of non-overlapping subpaths that exactly outline the points from which, in any
+ of the <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>paths</a> in <var title="">transformed path list</var>,
+ the number of times a half-infinite straight line drawn from that point crosses that path is
+ odd.</p>
+
+ <p>The subpaths in <var title="">merged path</var> must be oriented such that for any point,
+ the number of times a half-infinite straight line drawn from that point crosses a subpath is
+ even if and only if the number of times a half-infinite straight line drawn from that same point
+ crosses a subpath going in one direction is equal to the number of times it crosses a subpath
+ going in the other direction.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>See <a href=#mergeGlyphs>the equivalent step in the earlier algorithm</a> for
+ an example of this step. It's even more likely that there will be overlap with this method,
+ since neighboring glyphs are likely to be rotated relative to each other.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Add all the subpaths in <var title="">merged path</var> to <var title="">target</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object's <a href=#need-new-subpath>need new subpath</a> flag.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=transformations><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.8 </span><dfn title=dom-context-2d-transformation>Transformations</dfn></h6>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object has a <i>current transformation matrix</i>,
+ as well as methods (described in this section) to manipulate it. When a
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object is created, its transformation matrix must be
+ initialised to the identity transform.</p>
+
+ <p>The transformation matrix is applied to coordinates when creating the <a href=#current-default-path>current default
+ path</a>, and when painting text, shapes, and <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> objects, on
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> objects.</p> <!-- conformance criteria for actual drawing
+ are described in the various sections below -->
+
+ <p class=note>Most of the API uses <code><a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a></code> objects rather than this API. This API
+ remains mostly for historical reasons.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The transformations must be performed in reverse order.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For instance, if a scale transformation that doubles the width is applied to the
+ canvas, followed by a rotation transformation that rotates drawing operations by a quarter turn,
+ and a rectangle twice as wide as it is tall is then drawn on the canvas, the actual result will be
+ a square.</p> <!-- q.v. http://goo.gl/5RLrN -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-currentTransform><a href=#dom-context-2d-currenttransform>currentTransform</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the transformation matrix, as an <code><a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the transformation matrix.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-scale><a href=#dom-context-2d-scale>scale</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Changes the transformation matrix to apply a scaling transformation with the given characteristics.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-rotate><a href=#dom-context-2d-rotate>rotate</a></code>(<var title="">angle</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Changes the transformation matrix to apply a rotation transformation with the given characteristics. The angle is in radians.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-translate><a href=#dom-context-2d-translate>translate</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Changes the transformation matrix to apply a translation transformation with the given characteristics.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-transform><a href=#dom-context-2d-transform>transform</a></code>(<var title="">a</var>, <var title="">b</var>, <var title="">c</var>, <var title="">d</var>, <var title="">e</var>, <var title="">f</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Changes the transformation matrix to apply the matrix given by the arguments as described below.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-setTransform><a href=#dom-context-2d-settransform>setTransform</a></code>(<var title="">a</var>, <var title="">b</var>, <var title="">c</var>, <var title="">d</var>, <var title="">e</var>, <var title="">f</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Changes the transformation matrix <em>to</em> the matrix given by the arguments as described below.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-resetTransform><a href=#dom-context-2d-resettransform>resetTransform</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Changes the transformation matrix to the identity transform.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-currenttransform title=dom-context-2d-currentTransform><code>currentTransform</code></dfn>, on
+ getting, must return the last object that it was set to. On setting, its value must be changed to
+ the new value, and the transformation matrix must be updated to match the matrix described by the
+ new value. When the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object is created, the <code title=dom-context-2d-currentTransform><a href=#dom-context-2d-currenttransform>currentTransform</a></code> attribute must be set a newly
+ created <code><a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a></code> object. When the transformation matrix is mutated by the methods
+ described in this section, the last <code><a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a></code> object to which the attribute has been
+ set must be mutated in a corresponding fashion.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-scale title=dom-context-2d-scale><code>scale(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</code></dfn> method must add the scaling transformation described by the
+ arguments to the transformation matrix. The <var title="">x</var> argument represents the scale
+ factor in the horizontal direction and the <var title="">y</var> argument represents the scale
+ factor in the vertical direction. The factors are multiples.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-rotate title=dom-context-2d-rotate><code>rotate(<var title="">angle</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method must add the rotation transformation described by the argument to the transformation
+ matrix. The <var title="">angle</var> argument represents a clockwise rotation angle expressed in
+ radians.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-translate title=dom-context-2d-translate><code>translate(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</code></dfn> method must add the translation transformation described by the
+ arguments to the transformation matrix. The <var title="">x</var> argument represents the
+ translation distance in the horizontal direction and the <var title="">y</var> argument represents
+ the translation distance in the vertical direction. The arguments are in coordinate space
+ units.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-transform title=dom-context-2d-transform><code>transform(<var title="">a</var>, <var title="">b</var>, <var title="">c</var>, <var title="">d</var>, <var title="">e</var>, <var title="">f</var>)</code></dfn> method must replace the current transformation matrix with the
+ result of multiplying the current transformation matrix with the matrix described by:</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <table class=matrix><tr><td><var title="">a</var></td>
+ <td><var title="">c</var></td>
+ <td><var title="">e</var></td>
+ <tr><td><var title="">b</var></td>
+ <td><var title="">d</var></td>
+ <td><var title="">f</var></td>
+ <tr><td>0</td>
+ <td>0</td>
+ <td>1</td>
+ </table><p class=note>The arguments <var title="">a</var>, <var title="">b</var>, <var title="">c</var>,
+ <var title="">d</var>, <var title="">e</var>, and <var title="">f</var> are sometimes called <var title="">m11</var>, <var title="">m12</var>, <var title="">m21</var>, <var title="">m22</var>,
+ <var title="">dx</var>, and <var title="">dy</var> or <var title="">m11</var>, <var title="">m21</var>, <var title="">m12</var>, <var title="">m22</var>, <var title="">dx</var>, and
+ <var title="">dy</var>. Care should be taken in particular with the order of the second and third
+ arguments (<var title="">b</var> and <var title="">c</var>) as their order varies from API to API
+ and APIs sometimes use the notation <var title="">m12</var>/<var title="">m21</var> and sometimes
+ <var title="">m21</var>/<var title="">m12</var> for those positions.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-settransform title=dom-context-2d-setTransform><code>setTransform(<var title="">a</var>, <var title="">b</var>, <var title="">c</var>, <var title="">d</var>, <var title="">e</var>, <var title="">f</var>)</code></dfn> method must reset the current transform to the identity matrix, and
+ then invoke the <code><a href=#dom-context-2d-transform title=dom-context-2d-transform>transform</a>(<var title="">a</var>, <var title="">b</var>, <var title="">c</var>, <var title="">d</var>, <var title="">e</var>, <var title="">f</var>)</code> method with the same arguments.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-resettransform title=dom-context-2d-resetTransform><code>resetTransform()</code></dfn> method must
+ reset the current transform to the identity matrix.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=image-sources-for-2d-rendering-contexts><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.9 </span>Image sources for 2D rendering contexts</h6>
+
+ <p>Several methods in the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> API take the union type
+ <code><a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a></code> as an argument.</p>
+
+ <p>This union type allows objects implementing any of the following interfaces to be used as image
+ sources:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code> (<code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements)</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlvideoelement>HTMLVideoElement</a></code> (<code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> elements)</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlcanvaselement>HTMLCanvasElement</a></code> (<code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> elements)</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code></li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>The <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> interface can be created from a number of other
+ image-representing types, including <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is required to <dfn id=check-the-usability-of-the-image-argument>check the usability of the <var title="">image</var>
+ argument</dfn>, where <var title="">image</var> is a <code><a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a></code> object, the
+ user agent must run these steps, which return either <i>good</i>, <i>bad</i>, or
+ <i>aborted</i>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <var title="">image</var> argument is an <code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code> object that
+ is in the <a href=#img-error title=img-error>broken</a> state, then throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception, return <i>aborted</i>, and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">image</var> argument is an <code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code> object that
+ is not <a href=#img-good title=img-good>fully decodable</a>, or if the <var title="">image</var>
+ argument is an <code><a href=#htmlvideoelement>HTMLVideoElement</a></code> object whose <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is either <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code> or <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code>, then return <i>bad</i> and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">image</var> argument is an <code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code> object with
+ an intrinsic width or intrinsic height (or both) equal to zero, then return <i>bad</i> and abort
+ these steps.</p> <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2567 -->
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">image</var> argument is an <code><a href=#htmlcanvaselement>HTMLCanvasElement</a></code> object with
+ either a horizontal dimension or a vertical dimension equal to zero, then return <i>bad</i> and
+ abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Return <i>good</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When a <code><a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a></code> object represents an <code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code>, the
+ element's image must be used as the source image.</p>
+
+ <p>Specifically, when a <code><a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a></code> object represents an animated image in an
+ <code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code>, the user agent must use the default image of the animation (the
+ one that the format defines is to be used when animation is not supported or is disabled), or, if
+ there is no such image, the first frame of the animation, when rendering the image for
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> APIs.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a></code> object represents an <code><a href=#htmlvideoelement>HTMLVideoElement</a></code>, then
+ the frame at the <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a> when the method with the argument is
+ invoked must be used as the source image when rendering the image for
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> APIs, and the source image's dimensions must be the <a href=#concept-video-intrinsic-width title=concept-video-intrinsic-width>intrinsic width</a> and <a href=#concept-video-intrinsic-height title=concept-video-intrinsic-height>intrinsic height</a> of the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>
+ (i.e. after any aspect-ratio correction has been applied).</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a></code> object represents an <code><a href=#htmlcanvaselement>HTMLCanvasElement</a></code>, the
+ element's bitmap must be used as the source image.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a></code> object represents a <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code>, the
+ object's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> must be used as the source image.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a></code> object represents an element that is <a href=#being-rendered>being
+ rendered</a> and that element has been resized, the original image data of the source image
+ must be used, not the image as it is rendered (e.g. <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> and
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code> attributes on the source element have no effect on how
+ the object is interpreted when rendering the image for <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code>
+ APIs).</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#canvasimagesource>CanvasImageSource</a></code> object represents an <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code>, the
+ object's bitmap image data must be used as the source image.</p>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <p><dfn id=the-image-argument-is-not-origin-clean>The <var title="">image argument</var> is not origin-clean</dfn> if it is an
+ <code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code> or <code><a href=#htmlvideoelement>HTMLVideoElement</a></code> whose <a href=#origin>origin</a> is not
+ the <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry
+ settings object</a>, or if it is an <code><a href=#htmlcanvaselement>HTMLCanvasElement</a></code> whose bitmap's <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag is false, or if it is a
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object whose <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag is false.</p>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=fill-and-stroke-styles><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.10 </span>Fill and stroke styles</h6>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-fillStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-fillstyle>fillStyle</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current style used for filling shapes.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the fill style.</p>
+
+ <p>The style can be either a string containing a CSS color, or a
+ <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code> or <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code>
+ object. Invalid values are ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-strokestyle>strokeStyle</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current style used for stroking shapes.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the stroke style.</p>
+
+ <p>The style can be either a string containing a CSS color, or a
+ <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code> or <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code>
+ object. Invalid values are ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <!-- v6 feature requests:
+
+ * Getting and setting colours by component to bypass the CSS value parsing.
+
+ Either:
+ context.fillStyle.red += 1;
+
+ Or:
+ var array = context.fillStyle;
+ array[1] += 1;
+ context.fillStyle = array;
+
+ * A more performant way of setting colours in general, e.g.:
+
+ context.setFillColor(r,g,b,a) // already supported by webkit
+
+ Or:
+
+ context.fillStyle = 0xRRGGBBAA; // set a 32bit int directly
+
+ -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-fillstyle title=dom-context-2d-fillStyle><code>fillStyle</code></dfn> attribute represents the
+ color or style to use inside shapes, and the <dfn id=dom-context-2d-strokestyle title=dom-context-2d-strokeStyle><code>strokeStyle</code></dfn> attribute represents the color
+ or style to use for the lines around the shapes.</p>
+
+ <p>Both attributes can be either strings, <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code>s, or
+ <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code>s. On setting, strings must be <a href=#parsed-as-a-css-color-value title="parsed as a CSS
+ <color> value">parsed as CSS &lt;color&gt; values</a> and the color assigned, and
+ <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code> and <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code> objects must be assigned themselves. <a href=#refsCSSCOLOR>[CSSCOLOR]</a> If the value is a string but cannot be <a href=#parsed-as-a-css-color-value>parsed as a CSS
+ &lt;color&gt; value</a>, then it must be ignored, and the attribute must retain its previous
+ value.
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ If the new value is a <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code> object that is marked as <a href=#concept-canvas-pattern-not-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-pattern-not-origin-clean>not origin-clean</a>, then the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch
+ bitmap</a>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag must be set to
+ false.
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+ </p>
+
+ <p>When set to a <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code> or <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code> object, the assignment
+ is <a href=#live>live</a>, meaning that changes made to the object after the assignment do affect
+ subsequent stroking or filling of shapes.</p>
+
+ <p>On getting, if the value is a color, then the <a href=#serialization-of-a-color title="serialization of a
+ color">serialization of the color</a> must be returned. Otherwise, if it is not a color but a
+ <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code> or <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code>, then the respective object must be
+ returned. (Such objects are opaque and therefore only useful for assigning to other attributes or
+ for comparison to other gradients or patterns.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=serialization-of-a-color>serialization of a color</dfn> for a color value is a string, computed as follows: if
+ it has alpha equal to 1.0, then the string is a lowercase six-digit hex value, prefixed with a "#"
+ character (U+0023 NUMBER SIGN), with the first two digits representing the red component, the next
+ two digits representing the green component, and the last two digits representing the blue
+ component, the digits being <a href=#lowercase-ascii-hex-digits>lowercase ASCII hex digits</a>. Otherwise, the color value
+ has alpha less than 1.0, and the string is the color value in the CSS <code title="">rgba()</code>
+ functional-notation format: the literal string <code title="">rgba</code> (U+0072 U+0067 U+0062
+ U+0061) followed by a U+0028 LEFT PARENTHESIS, a base-ten integer in the range 0-255 representing
+ the red component (using <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a> in the shortest form possible), a literal
+ U+002C COMMA and U+0020 SPACE, an integer for the green component, a comma and a space, an integer
+ for the blue component, another comma and space, a U+0030 DIGIT ZERO, if the alpha value is
+ greater than zero then a U+002E FULL STOP (representing the decimal point), if the alpha value is
+ greater than zero then one or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a> representing the fractional part of
+ the alpha<!-- value with no trailing zeros (implied by next sentence)-->, and finally a U+0029
+ RIGHT PARENTHESIS. User agents must express the fractional part of the alpha value, if any, with
+ the level of precision necessary for the alpha value, when reparsed, to be interpreted as the same
+ alpha value.</p> <!-- if people complain this is unreadable, expand it into a <dl> with two nested
+ <ol>s -->
+
+ <p>When the context is created, the <code title=dom-context-2d-fillStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-fillstyle>fillStyle</a></code> and <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-strokestyle>strokeStyle</a></code> attributes
+ must initially have the string value <code title="">#000000</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the value is a color, it must not be affected by the transformation matrix when used to
+ draw on bitmaps.</p> <!-- so singular matrices don't affect solid color fillStyles -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>There are two types of gradients, linear gradients and radial gradients, both represented by
+ objects implementing the opaque <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ <p id=interpolation>Once a gradient has been created (see below), stops are placed along it to
+ define how the colors are distributed along the gradient. <span class=impl>The color of the
+ gradient at each stop is the color specified for that stop. Between each such stop, the colors and
+ the alpha component must be linearly interpolated over the RGBA space without premultiplying the
+ alpha value to find the color to use at that offset. Before the first stop, the color must be the
+ color of the first stop. After the last stop, the color must be the color of the last stop. When
+ there are no stops, the gradient is transparent black.</span></p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">gradient</var> . <code title=dom-canvasgradient-addColorStop><a href=#dom-canvasgradient-addcolorstop>addColorStop</a></code>(<var title="">offset</var>, <var title="">color</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds a color stop with the given color to the gradient at the given offset. 0.0 is the offset
+ at one end of the gradient, 1.0 is the offset at the other end.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception if the offset is out of range. Throws a
+ <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception if the color cannot be parsed.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">gradient</var> = <var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-createLinearGradient><a href=#dom-context-2d-createlineargradient>createLinearGradient</a></code>(<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>, <var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code> object that represents a
+ linear gradient that paints along the line given by the
+ coordinates represented by the arguments.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">gradient</var> = <var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-createRadialGradient><a href=#dom-context-2d-createradialgradient>createRadialGradient</a></code>(<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>, <var title="">r0</var>, <var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>, <var title="">r1</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code> object that represents a
+ radial gradient that paints along the cone given by the circles
+ represented by the arguments.</p>
+
+ <p>If either of the radii are negative, throws an
+ <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-canvasgradient-addcolorstop title=dom-canvasgradient-addColorStop><code>addColorStop(<var title="">offset</var>,
+ <var title="">color</var>)</code></dfn> method on the <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code> interface adds a
+ new stop to a gradient. If the <var title="">offset</var> is less than 0 or greater than 1 then an
+ <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception must be thrown. If the <var title="">color</var> cannot be
+ <a href=#parsed-as-a-css-color-value>parsed as a CSS &lt;color&gt; value</a>, then a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception must
+ be thrown. Otherwise, the gradient must have a new stop placed, at offset <var title="">offset</var> relative to the whole gradient, and with the color obtained by parsing <var title="">color</var> as a CSS &lt;color&gt; value. If multiple stops are added at the same offset
+ on a gradient, they must be placed in the order added, with the first one closest to the start of
+ the gradient, and each subsequent one infinitesimally further along towards the end point (in
+ effect causing all but the first and last stop added at each point to be ignored).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-createlineargradient title=dom-context-2d-createLinearGradient><code>createLinearGradient(<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>, <var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>)</code></dfn> method takes four arguments that represent the start point (<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>) and end point (<var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>) of the gradient. The method must return a linear <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code>
+ initialised with the specified line.</p>
+
+ <p>Linear gradients must be rendered such that all points on a line perpendicular to the line that
+ crosses the start and end points have the color at the point where those two lines cross (with the
+ colors coming from the <a href=#interpolation>interpolation and extrapolation</a> described
+ above). The points in the linear gradient must be transformed as described by the <a href=#transformations title=dom-context-2d-transformation>current transformation matrix</a> when rendering.</p>
+
+ <p>If <span title=""><var title="">x0</var>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<var title="">x1</var></span> and <span title=""><var title="">y0</var>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<var title="">y1</var></span>, then the linear
+ gradient must paint nothing.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-createradialgradient title=dom-context-2d-createRadialGradient><code>createRadialGradient(<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>, <var title="">r0</var>, <var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>, <var title="">r1</var>)</code></dfn> method takes six arguments, the first
+ three representing the start circle with origin (<var title="">x0</var>, <var title="">y0</var>)
+ and radius <var title="">r0</var>, and the last three representing the end circle with origin
+ (<var title="">x1</var>, <var title="">y1</var>) and radius <var title="">r1</var>. The values are
+ in coordinate space units. If either of <var title="">r0</var> or <var title="">r1</var> are
+ negative, an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception must be thrown. Otherwise, the method must
+ return a radial <code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code> initialised with the two specified circles.</p>
+
+ <p>Radial gradients must be rendered by following these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <span title=""><var title="">x<sub title="">0</sub></var>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<var title="">x<sub title="">1</sub></var></span> and <span title=""><var title="">y<sub title="">0</sub></var>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<var title="">y<sub title="">1</sub></var></span> and <span title=""><var title="">r<sub title="">0</sub></var>&nbsp;=&nbsp;<var title="">r<sub title="">1</sub></var></span>, then the radial gradient must
+ paint nothing. Abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <span title="">x(<var title="">&omega;</var>)&nbsp;=&nbsp;(<var title="">x<sub title="">1</sub></var>-<var title="">x<sub title="">0</sub></var>)<var title="">&omega;</var>&nbsp;+&nbsp;<var title="">x<sub title="">0</sub></var></span></p>
+
+ <p>Let <span title="">y(<var title="">&omega;</var>)&nbsp;=&nbsp;(<var title="">y<sub title="">1</sub></var>-<var title="">y<sub title="">0</sub></var>)<var title="">&omega;</var>&nbsp;+&nbsp;<var title="">y<sub title="">0</sub></var></span></p>
+
+ <p>Let <span title="">r(<var title="">&omega;</var>)&nbsp;=&nbsp;(<var title="">r<sub title="">1</sub></var>-<var title="">r<sub title="">0</sub></var>)<var title="">&omega;</var>&nbsp;+&nbsp;<var title="">r<sub title="">0</sub></var></span></p>
+
+ <p>Let the color at <var title="">&omega;</var> be the color at that position on the gradient
+ (with the colors coming from the <a href=#interpolation>interpolation and extrapolation</a>
+ described above).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>For all values of <var title="">&omega;</var> where <span title="">r(<var title="">&omega;</var>)&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;0</span>, starting with the value of <var title="">&omega;</var> nearest to positive infinity and ending with the value of <var title="">&omega;</var> nearest to negative infinity, draw the circumference of the circle with
+ radius <span title="">r(<var title="">&omega;</var>)</span> at position (<span title="">x(<var title="">&omega;</var>)</span>, <span title="">y(<var title="">&omega;</var>)</span>), with the
+ color at <var title="">&omega;</var>, but only painting on the parts of the bitmap that have not
+ yet been painted on by earlier circles in this step for this rendering of the gradient.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This effectively creates a cone, touched by the two circles defined in the
+ creation of the gradient, with the part of the cone before the start circle (0.0) using the color
+ of the first offset, the part of the cone after the end circle (1.0) using the color of the last
+ offset, and areas outside the cone untouched by the gradient (transparent black).</p>
+
+ <p>The resulting radial gradient must then be transformed as described by the <a href=#transformations title=dom-context-2d-transformation>current transformation matrix</a> when rendering.</p>
+
+ <p>Gradients must be painted only where the relevant stroking or filling effects requires that
+ they be drawn.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>Patterns are represented by objects implementing the opaque <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code>
+ interface.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">pattern</var> = <var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-createPattern><a href=#dom-context-2d-createpattern>createPattern</a></code>(<var title="">image</var>, <var title="">repetition</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code> object that uses the given image and repeats in the
+ direction(s) given by the <var title="">repetition</var> argument.</p>
+
+ <p>The allowed values for <var title="">repetition</var> are <code title="">repeat</code> (both
+ directions), <code title="">repeat-x</code> (horizontal only), <code title="">repeat-y</code>
+ (vertical only), and <code title="">no-repeat</code> (neither). If the <var title="">repetition</var> argument is empty, the value <code title="">repeat</code> is used.</p>
+
+ <p>If the image isn't yet fully decoded, then nothing is drawn. If the image is a canvas with no
+ data, throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">pattern</var> . <code title=dom-canvaspattern-setTransform><a href=#dom-canvaspattern-settransform>setTransform</a></code>(<var title="">transform</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sets the transformation matrix that will be used when rendering the pattern during a fill or
+ stroke painting operation.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>To create objects of this type, the <dfn id=dom-context-2d-createpattern title=dom-context-2d-createPattern><code>createPattern(<var title="">image</var>, <var title="">repetition</var>)</code></dfn> method is used. When the method is invoked, the user agent
+ must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">image</var> be the first argument and <var title="">repetition</var> be
+ the second argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#check-the-usability-of-the-image-argument>Check the usability of the <var title="">image</var> argument</a>. If this
+ returns <i>aborted</i>, then an exception has been thrown and the method doesn't return anything;
+ abort these steps. If it returns <i>bad</i>, then return null and abort these steps. Otherwise it
+ returns <i>good</i>; continue with these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">repetition</var> is the empty string, let it be "<code title="">repeat</code>".</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">repetition</var> is not a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for one of
+ "<code title="">repeat</code>", "<code title="">repeat-x</code>", "<code title="">repeat-y</code>", or "<code title="">no-repeat</code>", throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code>
+ exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code> object with the image <var title="">image</var>
+ and the repetition behavior given by <var title="">repetition</var>.</li>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <li><p>If <a href=#the-image-argument-is-not-origin-clean>the <var title="">image argument</var> is not origin-clean</a>, then mark the
+ <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code> object as <dfn id=concept-canvas-pattern-not-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-pattern-not-origin-clean>not
+ origin-clean</dfn>.</li>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <li><p>Return the <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Modifying the <var title="">image</var> used when creating a <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code> object
+ after calling the <code title=dom-context-2d-createPattern><a href=#dom-context-2d-createpattern>createPattern()</a></code> method must
+ not affect the pattern(s) rendered by the <code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>Patterns have a transformation matrix, which controls how the pattern is used when it is
+ painted. Initially, a pattern's transformation matrix must be the identity transform.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-canvaspattern-settransform title=dom-canvaspattern-setTransform><code>setTransform()</code></dfn> method
+ is invoked on the pattern, the user agent must replace the pattern's transformation matrix with
+ the one described by the <code><a href=#svgmatrix>SVGMatrix</a></code> object provided as an argument to the method.</p>
+
+ <p>When a pattern is to be rendered within an area, the user agent must run the following steps to
+ determine what is rendered:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Create an infinite transparent black bitmap.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Place a copy of the image on the bitmap, anchored such that its top left corner is at the
+ origin of the coordinate space, with one coordinate space unit per CSS pixel of the image, then
+ place repeated copies of this image horizontally to the left and right, if the repetition
+ behavior is "<code title="">repeat-x</code>", or vertically up and down, if the repetition
+ behavior is "<code title="">repeat-y</code>", or in all four directions all over the bitmap, if
+ the repetition behavior is "<code title="">repeat</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>If the original image data is a bitmap image, the value painted at a point in the area of the
+ repetitions is computed by filtering the original image data. When scaling up, if the <code title=dom-context-2d-imageSmoothingEnabled><a href=#dom-context-2d-imagesmoothingenabled>imageSmoothingEnabled</a></code> attribute is set to
+ false, the image must be rendered using nearest-neighbor interpolation. Otherwise, the user agent
+ may use any filtering algorithm (for example bilinear interpolation or nearest-neighbor). When
+ such a filtering algorithm requires a pixel value from outside the original image data, it must
+ instead use the value from wrapping the pixel's coordinates to the original image's dimensions.
+ (That is, the filter uses 'repeat' behavior, regardless of the value of the pattern's repetition
+ behavior.)</p>
+ <!-- drawImage() has similar paragraphs with different rules -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Transform the resulting bitmap according to the pattern's transformation matrix.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Transform the resulting bitmap again, this time according to the <a href=#transformations title=dom-context-2d-transformation>current transformation matrix</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace any part of the image outside the area in which the pattern is to be rendered with
+ transparent black.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The resulting bitmap is what is to be rendered, with the same origin and same
+ scale.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>If a radial gradient or repeated pattern is used when the transformation matrix is singular,
+ the resulting style must be transparent black (otherwise the gradient or pattern would be
+ collapsed to a point or line, leaving the other pixels undefined). Linear gradients and solid
+ colors always define all points even with singular tranformation matrices.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=drawing-rectangles-to-the-bitmap><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.11 </span>Drawing rectangles to the bitmap</h6>
+
+ <p>There are three methods that immediately draw rectangles to the bitmap. They each take four
+ arguments; the first two give the <var title="">x</var> and <var title="">y</var> coordinates of
+ the top left of the rectangle, and the second two give the width <var title="">w</var> and height
+ <var title="">h</var> of the rectangle, respectively.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#transformations title=dom-context-2d-transformation>current transformation matrix</a> must be
+ applied to the following four coordinates, which form the path that must then be closed to get the
+ specified rectangle: <span title="">(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</span>, <span title="">(<span title=""><var title="">x</var>+<var title="">w</var></span>, <var title="">y</var>)</span>, <span title="">(<span title=""><var title="">x</var>+<var title="">w</var></span>, <span title=""><var title="">y</var>+<var title="">h</var></span>)</span>, <span title="">(<var title="">x</var>, <span title=""><var title="">y</var>+<var title="">h</var></span>)</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>Shapes are painted without affecting the <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a>, and are subject to
+ the <a href=#clipping-region>clipping region</a>, and, with the exception of <code title=dom-context-2d-clearRect><a href=#dom-context-2d-clearrect>clearRect()</a></code>, also <a href=#shadows title=shadows>shadow
+ effects</a>, <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha>global alpha</a>, and <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation>global composition operators</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-clearRect><a href=#dom-context-2d-clearrect>clearRect</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">w</var>, <var title="">h</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Clears all pixels on the bitmap in the given rectangle to transparent black.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-fillRect><a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrect>fillRect</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">w</var>, <var title="">h</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Paints the given rectangle onto the bitmap, using the current fill style.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeRect><a href=#dom-context-2d-strokerect>strokeRect</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">w</var>, <var title="">h</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Paints the box that outlines the given rectangle onto the bitmap, using the current stroke
+ style.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-clearrect title=dom-context-2d-clearRect><code>clearRect(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">w</var>, <var title="">h</var>)</code></dfn> method must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">pixels</var> be the set of pixels in the specified rectangle that also
+ intersect the current <a href=#clipping-region>clipping region</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Clear the pixels in <var title="">pixels</var> to a fully transparent black, erasing any
+ previous image.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#clear-regions-that-cover-the-pixels>Clear regions that cover the pixels</a> in <var title="">pixels</var> on the
+ <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>If either height or width are zero, this method has no effect, since the set of
+ pixels would be empty.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-fillrect title=dom-context-2d-fillRect><code>fillRect(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">w</var>, <var title="">h</var>)</code></dfn> method must paint the
+ specified rectangular area using the <code title=dom-context-2d-fillStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-fillstyle>fillStyle</a></code>. If
+ either height or width are zero, this method has no effect.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-strokerect title=dom-context-2d-strokeRect><code>strokeRect(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">w</var>, <var title="">h</var>)</code></dfn> method must take the
+ result of <a href=#trace-a-path title="trace a path">tracing the path</a> described below, using the
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's line styles, and fill it with the <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-strokestyle>strokeStyle</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>If both <var title="">w</var> and <var title="">h</var> are zero, the path has a single subpath
+ with just one point (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>), and no lines, and this method
+ thus has no effect (the <a href=#trace-a-path>trace a path</a> algorithm returns an empty path in that
+ case).</p>
+
+ <p>If just one of either <var title="">w</var> or <var title="">h</var> is zero, then the path has
+ a single subpath consisting of two points, with coordinates (<span title=""><var title="">x</var></span>, <span title=""><var title="">y</var></span>) and (<span title=""><var title="">x</var>+<var title="">w</var></span>, <span title=""><var title="">y</var></span>+<var title="">h</var>), in that order, connected by a single straight line.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the path has a single subpath consisting of four points, with coordinates (<span title=""><var title="">x</var></span>, <span title=""><var title="">y</var></span>), (<span title=""><var title="">x</var>+<var title="">w</var></span>, <span title=""><var title="">y</var></span>), (<span title=""><var title="">x</var>+<var title="">w</var></span>,
+ <span title=""><var title="">y</var></span>+<var title="">h</var>), and (<span title=""><var title="">x</var></span>, <span title=""><var title="">y</var>+<var title="">h</var></span>),
+ connected to each other in that order by straight lines.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=drawing-text-to-the-bitmap><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.12 </span>Drawing text to the bitmap</h6>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-fillText><a href=#dom-context-2d-filltext>fillText</a></code>(<var title="">text</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var> [, <var title="">maxWidth</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeText><a href=#dom-context-2d-stroketext>strokeText</a></code>(<var title="">text</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var> [, <var title="">maxWidth</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Fills or strokes (respectively) the given text at the given position. If a maximum width is
+ provided, the text will be scaled to fit that width if necessary.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> = <var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-measureText><a href=#dom-context-2d-measuretext>measureText</a></code>(<var title="">text</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#textmetrics>TextMetrics</a></code> object with the metrics of the given text in the current
+ font.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> . <code title=dom-textmetrics-width><a href=#dom-textmetrics-width>width</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> . <code title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxLeft><a href=#dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxleft>actualBoundingBoxLeft</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> . <code title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxRight><a href=#dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxright>actualBoundingBoxRight</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> . <code title=dom-textmetrics-fontBoundingBoxAscent><a href=#dom-textmetrics-fontboundingboxascent>fontBoundingBoxAscent</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> . <code title=dom-textmetrics-fontBoundingBoxDescent><a href=#dom-textmetrics-fontboundingboxdescent>fontBoundingBoxDescent</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> . <code title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxAscent><a href=#dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxascent>actualBoundingBoxAscent</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> . <code title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxDescent><a href=#dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxdescent>actualBoundingBoxDescent</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> . <code title=dom-textmetrics-emHeightAscent><a href=#dom-textmetrics-emheightascent>emHeightAscent</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> . <code title=dom-textmetrics-emHeightDescent><a href=#dom-textmetrics-emheightdescent>emHeightDescent</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> . <code title=dom-textmetrics-hangingBaseline><a href=#dom-textmetrics-hangingbaseline>hangingBaseline</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> . <code title=dom-textmetrics-alphabeticBaseline><a href=#dom-textmetrics-alphabeticbaseline>alphabeticBaseline</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">metrics</var> . <code title=dom-textmetrics-ideographicBaseline><a href=#dom-textmetrics-ideographicbaseline>ideographicBaseline</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the measurement described below.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> interface provides the following methods for
+ rendering text.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-filltext title=dom-context-2d-fillText><code>fillText()</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-context-2d-stroketext title=dom-context-2d-strokeText><code>strokeText()</code></dfn> methods take three or four
+ arguments, <var title="">text</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, and optionally
+ <var title="">maxWidth</var>, and render the given <var title="">text</var> at the given (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) coordinates ensuring that the text isn't wider than <var title="">maxWidth</var> if specified, using the current <code title=dom-context-2d-font><a href=#dom-context-2d-font>font</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code>,
+ and <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> values. Specifically, when the
+ methods are called, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Run the <a href=#text-preparation-algorithm>text preparation algorithm</a>, passing it <var title="">text</var>, the
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object, and, if the <var title="">maxWidth</var> argument
+ was provided, that argument. Let <var title="">glyphs</var> be the result.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Move all the shapes in <var title="">glyphs</var> to the right by <var title="">x</var>
+ CSS pixels and down by <var title="">y</var> CSS pixels.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Paint the shapes given in <var title="">glyphs</var>, as transformed by the <a href=#transformations title=dom-context-2d-transformation>current transformation matrix</a>, with each CSS pixel
+ in the coordinate space of <var title="">glyphs</var> mapped to one coordinate space unit.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code title=dom-context-2d-fillText><a href=#dom-context-2d-filltext>fillText()</a></code>, <code title=dom-context-2d-fillStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-fillstyle>fillStyle</a></code> must be applied to the shapes and <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-strokestyle>strokeStyle</a></code> must be ignored. For <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeText><a href=#dom-context-2d-stroketext>strokeText()</a></code>, the reverse holds: <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-strokestyle>strokeStyle</a></code> must be applied to the result of <a href=#trace-a-path title="trace a path">tracing</a> the shapes using the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code>
+ object for the line styles, and <code title=dom-context-2d-fillStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-fillstyle>fillStyle</a></code> must be
+ ignored.</p>
+
+ <p>These shapes are painted without affecting the current path, and are subject to <a href=#shadows title=shadows>shadow effects</a>, <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha>global
+ alpha</a>, the <a href=#clipping-region>clipping region</a>, and <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation>global composition operators</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#text-preparation-algorithm>text preparation algorithm</a> used a font that has an <a href=#origin>origin</a>
+ that is not the <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by
+ the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a> (even if "using a font" means just checking if that font
+ has a particular glyph in it before falling back to another font), then set the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch
+ bitmap</a>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag to
+ false.</li> <!-- because fonts could consider sensitive material, I guess; and because that
+ sensitivity could extend to whether or not a particular glyph is in the font in the first place.
+ -->
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ </ol><!--v6DVT - this is commented out until CSS can get its act together
+enough to actual specify vertical text rendering (how long have we
+been waiting now?)
+
+WHEN EDITING THIS, FIX THE PARTS MARKED "&#x0058;&#x0058;&#x0058;" BELOW
+
+ALSO NOTE THAT THIS PROBABLY NEEDS ENTIRELY REVISITING NOW THAT WE
+HAVE REJIGGED HOW TEXT WORKS IN v5 (e.g. remember security)
+
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-context-2d-fillVerticalText"><code>fillVerticalText()</code></dfn> and <dfn
+ title="dom-context-2d-strokeVerticalText"><code>strokeVerticalText()</code></dfn> methods take
+ three or four arguments, <var title="">text</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>,
+ and optionally <var title="">maxHeight</var>, and render the given <var title="">text</var> as
+ vertical text at the given (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) coordinates ensuring
+ that the text isn't taller than <var title="">maxHeight</var> if specified, using the current
+ <code title="dom-context-2d-font">font</code> and <code
+ title="dom-context-2d-textAlign">textAlign</code> values. Specifically, when the methods are
+ called, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">maxHeight</var> is present but less than or equal to zero, return without
+ doing anything; abort these steps.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">font</var> be the current font of the context, as given by the <code
+ title="dom-context-2d-font">font</code> attribute.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace all the <span title="space character">space characters</span> in <var
+ title="">text</var> with U+0020 SPACE characters.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Form a <em class="&#x0058;&#x0058;&#x0058;">whatever CSS ends up calling vertical line
+ boxes and inline boxes</em> containing the text <var title="">text</var>, with all the properties
+ at their initial values except the 'font' property of the inline box set to <var
+ title="">font</var> and the 'direction' property of the inline box set to <span>the
+ directionality</span> of the <code>canvas</code> element.</p></li>
+
+ <!- - if you insert a step here, make sure to adjust the next step's final words - ->
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">maxHeight</var> argument was specified and the hypothetical height of
+ the <em class="&#x0058;&#x0058;&#x0058;">box</em> in the hypothetical line box is greater than
+ <var title="">maxHeight</var> CSS pixels, then change <var title="">font</var> to have a more
+ condensed font (if one is available or if a reasonably readable one can be synthesized by
+ applying an appropriate scale factor to the font) or a smaller font, and return to the previous
+ step.</p></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var> be a point on the <em
+ class="&#x0058;&#x0058;&#x0058;">inline box</var>, determined by the <code
+ title="dom-context-2d-textAlign">textAlign</code>, as follows:</p>
+
+ <p>Vertical position:</p>
+
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>If <code title="dom-context-2d-textAlign">textAlign</code> is <code
+ title="">start</code></dt>
+
+ <dt>If <code title="dom-context-2d-textAlign">textAlign</code> is <code title="">left</code>
+ and <span>the directionality</span> of the <code>canvas</code> element is 'ltr'</dt>
+
+ <dt>If <code title="dom-context-2d-textAlign">textAlign</code> is <code title="">right</code>
+ and <span>the directionality</span> of the <code>canvas</code> element is 'rtl'</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var>'s vertical position be the top edge of the <em
+ class="&#x0058;&#x0058;&#x0058;">inline box</em>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <code title="dom-context-2d-textAlign">textAlign</code> is <code
+ title="">end</code></dt>
+
+ <dt>If <code title="dom-context-2d-textAlign">textAlign</code> is <code title="">right</code>
+ and <span>the directionality</span> of the <code>canvas</code> element is 'ltr'</dt>
+
+ <dt>If <code title="dom-context-2d-textAlign">textAlign</code> is <code title="">left</code>
+ and <span>the directionality</span> of the <code>canvas</code> element is 'rtl'</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var>'s vertical
+ position be the bottom edge of the <em class="&#x0058;&#x0058;&#x0058;">inline
+ box</em>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <code title="dom-context-2d-textAlign">textAlign</code> is <code
+ title="">center</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the <var title="">anchor point</var>'s vertical position be half way between the top
+ and bottom edges of the <em class="&#x0058;&#x0058;&#x0058;">inline box</em>.</dd>
+
+ </dl>
+
+ <p>Let the horizontal position be half way between the left and right edges of the em box of the
+ first available font of the <em class="&#x0058;&#x0058;&#x0058;">inline box</em>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Paint the hypothetical inline box as the shape given by the text's glyphs, as transformed by
+ the <span title="dom-context-2d-transformation">current transformation matrix</span>, and
+ anchored and sized so that before applying the <span
+ title="dom-context-2d-transformation">current transformation matrix</span>, the <var
+ title="">anchor point</var> is at (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) and each CSS
+ pixel is mapped to one coordinate space unit.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code title="dom-context-2d-fillVerticalText">fillVerticalText()</code> <code
+ title="dom-context-2d-fillStyle">fillStyle</code> must be applied and <code
+ title="dom-context-2d-strokeStyle">strokeStyle</code> must be ignored. For <code
+ title="dom-context-2d-strokeVerticalText">strokeVerticalText()</code> the reverse holds and
+ <code title="dom-context-2d-strokeStyle">strokeStyle</code> must be applied and <code
+ title="dom-context-2d-fillStyle">fillStyle</code> must be ignored.</p>
+
+ <p>Text is painted without affecting the current path, and is subject to <span
+ title="shadows">shadow effects</span>, <span title="dom-context-2d-globalAlpha">global
+ alpha</span>, the <span>clipping region</span>, and <span
+ title="dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation">global composition operators</span>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol>
+
+v6DVT (also check for '- -' bits in the part above) --><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-measuretext title=dom-context-2d-measureText><code>measureText()</code></dfn> method takes one
+ argument, <var title="">text</var>. When the method is invoked, the user agent must run the
+ <a href=#text-preparation-algorithm>text preparation algorithm</a>, passing it <var title="">text</var> and the
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object, and then using the returned inline box must create a
+ new <code><a href=#textmetrics>TextMetrics</a></code> object with its attributes set as described in the following list.
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ If doing these measurements requires using a font that has an <a href=#origin>origin</a> that is not the
+ <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a> as that of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object that owns the
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element (even if "using a font" means just checking if that font has a
+ particular glyph in it before falling back to another font), then the method must throw a
+ <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception.
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+ Otherwise, it must return the new <code><a href=#textmetrics>TextMetrics</a></code> object.
+ <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a>
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-textmetrics-width title=dom-textmetrics-width><code>width</code></dfn> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The width of that inline box, in CSS pixels. (The text's advance width.)</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxleft title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxLeft><code>actualBoundingBoxLeft</code></dfn> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The distance parallel to the baseline from the alignment point given by the <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> attribute to the left side of the bounding
+ rectangle of the given text, in CSS pixels; positive numbers indicating a distance going left
+ from the given alignment point.
+
+ <p class=note>The sum of this value and the next (<code title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxRight><a href=#dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxright>actualBoundingBoxRight</a></code>) can be wider than
+ the width of the inline box (<code title=dom-textmetrics-width><a href=#dom-textmetrics-width>width</a></code>), in particular
+ with slanted fonts where characters overhang their advance width.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxright title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxRight><code>actualBoundingBoxRight</code></dfn> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The distance parallel to the baseline from the alignment point given by the <code title=dom-context-2d-textAlign><a href=#dom-context-2d-textalign>textAlign</a></code> attribute to the right side of the bounding
+ rectangle of the given text, in CSS pixels; positive numbers indicating a distance going right
+ from the given alignment point.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-textmetrics-fontboundingboxascent title=dom-textmetrics-fontBoundingBoxAscent><code>fontBoundingBoxAscent</code></dfn> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The distance from the horizontal line indicated by the <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> attribute to the top of the highest
+ bounding rectangle of all the fonts used to render the text, in CSS pixels; positive numbers
+ indicating a distance going up from the given baseline.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This value and the next are useful when rendering a background that must have a
+ consistent height even if the exact text being rendered changes. The <code title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxAscent><a href=#dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxascent>actualBoundingBoxAscent</a></code> attribute (and
+ its corresponding attribute for the descent) are useful when drawing a bounding box around
+ specific text.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-textmetrics-fontboundingboxdescent title=dom-textmetrics-fontBoundingBoxDescent><code>fontBoundingBoxDescent</code></dfn> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The distance from the horizontal line indicated by the <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> attribute to the bottom of the lowest
+ bounding rectangle of all the fonts used to render the text, in CSS pixels; positive numbers
+ indicating a distance going down from the given baseline.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxascent title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxAscent><code>actualBoundingBoxAscent</code></dfn> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The distance from the horizontal line indicated by the <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> attribute to the top of the bounding
+ rectangle of the given text, in CSS pixels; positive numbers indicating a distance going up from
+ the given baseline.
+
+ <p class=note>This number can vary greatly based on the input text, even if the first font
+ specified covers all the characters in the input. For example, the <code title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxAscent><a href=#dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxascent>actualBoundingBoxAscent</a></code> of a lowercase
+ "o" from an alphabetic baseline would be less than that of an uppercase "F". The value can
+ easily be negative; for example, the distance from the top of the em box (<code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> value "<code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline-top><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline-top>top</a></code>") to the top of the bounding rectangle when
+ the given text is just a single comma "<code title="">,</code>" would likely (unless the font is
+ quite unusual) be negative.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-textmetrics-actualboundingboxdescent title=dom-textmetrics-actualBoundingBoxDescent><code>actualBoundingBoxDescent</code></dfn> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The distance from the horizontal line indicated by the <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> attribute to the bottom of the bounding
+ rectangle of the given text, in CSS pixels; positive numbers indicating a distance going down
+ from the given baseline.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-textmetrics-emheightascent title=dom-textmetrics-emHeightAscent><code>emHeightAscent</code></dfn> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The distance from the horizontal line indicated by the <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> attribute to the highest top of the em
+ squares in the line box, in CSS pixels; positive numbers indicating that the given baseline is
+ below the top of that em square (so this value will usually be positive). Zero if the given
+ baseline is the top of that em square; half the font size if the given baseline is the middle of
+ that em square.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-textmetrics-emheightdescent title=dom-textmetrics-emHeightDescent><code>emHeightDescent</code></dfn> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The distance from the horizontal line indicated by the <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> attribute to the lowest bottom of the em
+ squares in the line box, in CSS pixels; positive numbers indicating that the given baseline is
+ below the bottom of that em square (so this value will usually be negative). (Zero if the given
+ baseline is the top of that em square.)</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-textmetrics-hangingbaseline title=dom-textmetrics-hangingBaseline><code>hangingBaseline</code></dfn> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The distance from the horizontal line indicated by the <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> attribute to the hanging baseline of the
+ line box, in CSS pixels; positive numbers indicating that the given baseline is below the hanging
+ baseline. (Zero if the given baseline is the hanging baseline.)</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-textmetrics-alphabeticbaseline title=dom-textmetrics-alphabeticBaseline><code>alphabeticBaseline</code></dfn> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The distance from the horizontal line indicated by the <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> attribute to the alphabetic baseline of
+ the line box, in CSS pixels; positive numbers indicating that the given baseline is below the
+ alphabetic baseline. (Zero if the given baseline is the alphabetic baseline.)</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-textmetrics-ideographicbaseline title=dom-textmetrics-ideographicBaseline><code>ideographicBaseline</code></dfn> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The distance from the horizontal line indicated by the <code title=dom-context-2d-textBaseline><a href=#dom-context-2d-textbaseline>textBaseline</a></code> attribute to the ideographic baseline of
+ the line box, in CSS pixels; positive numbers indicating that the given baseline is below the
+ ideographic baseline. (Zero if the given baseline is the ideographic baseline.)</dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>Glyphs rendered using <code title=dom-context-2d-fillText><a href=#dom-context-2d-filltext>fillText()</a></code> and
+ <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeText><a href=#dom-context-2d-stroketext>strokeText()</a></code> can spill out of the box given by the
+ font size (the em square size) and the width returned by <code title=dom-context-2d-measureText><a href=#dom-context-2d-measuretext>measureText()</a></code> (the text width). Authors are encouraged
+ to use the bounding box values described above if this is an issue.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A future version of the 2D context API may provide a way to render fragments of
+ documents, rendered using CSS, straight to the canvas. This would be provided in preference to a
+ dedicated way of doing multiline layout.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=drawing-paths-to-the-canvas><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.13 </span>Drawing paths to the canvas</h6>
+
+ <p>The context always has a <dfn id=current-default-path>current default path</dfn>. There is only one <a href=#current-default-path>current
+ default path</a>, it is not part of the <a href=#drawing-state>drawing state</a>. The <a href=#current-default-path>current default
+ path</a> is a <a href=#concept-path title=concept-path>path</a>, as described above.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-beginPath><a href=#dom-context-2d-beginpath>beginPath</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Resets the <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-fill><a href=#dom-context-2d-fill>fill</a></code>( [ <var title="">fillRule</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-fill><a href=#dom-context-2d-fill>fill</a></code>(<var title="">path</var> [, <var title="">fillRule</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Fills the subpaths of the <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> or the given path with the
+ current fill style, obeying the given fill rule.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-stroke><a href=#dom-context-2d-stroke>stroke</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-stroke><a href=#dom-context-2d-stroke>stroke</a></code>(<var title="">path</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Strokes the subpaths of the <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> or the given path with the
+ current stroke style.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-drawSystemFocusRing><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawsystemfocusring>drawSystemFocusRing</a></code>(<var title="">element</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-drawSystemFocusRing><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawsystemfocusring>drawSystemFocusRing</a></code>(<var title="">path</var>, <var title="">element</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+
+ <p>If the given element is <a href=#focused>focused</a>, draws a focus ring around the <a href=#current-default-path>current
+ default path</a> or the given path, following the platform conventions for focus rings.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">shouldDraw</var> = <var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-drawCustomFocusRing><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawcustomfocusring>drawCustomFocusRing</a></code>(<var title="">element</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">shouldDraw</var> = <var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-drawCustomFocusRing><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawcustomfocusring>drawCustomFocusRing</a></code>(<var title="">path</var>, <var title="">element</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the given element is <a href=#focused>focused</a>, and the user has configured his system to draw
+ focus rings in a particular manner (for example, high contrast focus rings), draws a focus ring
+ around the <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> or the given path and returns false.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, returns true if the given element is <a href=#focused>focused</a>, and false otherwise.
+ This can thus be used to determine when to draw a focus ring (see <a href=#drawCustomFocusRingExample>the example</a> below).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-scrollPathIntoView><a href=#dom-context-2d-scrollpathintoview>scrollPathIntoView</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-scrollPathIntoView><a href=#dom-context-2d-scrollpathintoview>scrollPathIntoView</a></code>(<var title="">path</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Scrolls the <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> or the given path into view. This is especially
+ useful on devices with small screens, where the whole canvas might not be visible at once.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-clip><a href=#dom-context-2d-clip>clip</a></code>( [ <var title="">fillRule</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-clip><a href=#dom-context-2d-clip>clip</a></code>(<var title="">path</var> [, <var title="">fillRule</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Further constrains the clipping region to the <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> or the given
+ path, using the given fill rule to determine what points are in the path.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-resetClip><a href=#dom-context-2d-resetclip>resetClip</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Unconstrains the clipping region.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-isPointInPath><a href=#dom-context-2d-ispointinpath>isPointInPath</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var> [, <var title="">fillRule</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-isPointInPath><a href=#dom-context-2d-ispointinpath>isPointInPath</a></code>(<var title="">path</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var> [, <var title="">fillRule</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the given point is in the <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> or the given
+ path, using the given fill rule to determine what points are in the path.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-isPointInStroke><a href=#dom-context-2d-ispointinstroke>isPointInStroke</a></code>(<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-isPointInStroke><a href=#dom-context-2d-ispointinstroke>isPointInStroke</a></code>(<var title="">path</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the given point would be in the region covered by the stroke of the
+ <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> or the given path, given the current stroke style.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-beginpath title=dom-context-2d-beginPath><code>beginPath()</code></dfn> method must empty the
+ list of subpaths in the context's <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> so that the it once again has
+ zero subpaths.</p>
+
+ <p>Where the following method definitions use the term <i>intended path</i>, it means the
+ <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> argument, if one was provided, or the <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a>
+ otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>When the intended path is a <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object, the coordinates and lines of its
+ subpaths must be transformed according to the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#transformations title=dom-context-2d-transformation>current transformation matrix</a> when used by these
+ methods (without affecting the <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object itself). When the intended path is the
+ <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a>, it is not affected by the transform. (This is because
+ transformations already affect the <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> when it is constructed, so
+ applying it when it is painted as well would result in a double transformation.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-fill title=dom-context-2d-fill><code>fill()</code></dfn> method must fill all the
+ subpaths of the intended path, using <code title=dom-context-2d-fillStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-fillstyle>fillStyle</a></code>, and
+ using the <a href=#fill-rule>fill rule</a> indicated by the <var title="">fillRule</var> argument. Open
+ subpaths must be implicitly closed when being filled (without affecting the actual subpaths).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-stroke title=dom-context-2d-stroke><code>stroke()</code></dfn> method must <a href=#trace-a-path title="trace a path">trace</a> the intended path, using the
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object for the line styles, and then fill the resulting path
+ using the <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-strokestyle>strokeStyle</a></code> attribute, using the <a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero>non-zero winding rule</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>As a result of how the algorithm to <a href=#trace-a-path>trace a path</a> is defined,
+ overlapping parts of the paths in one stroke operation are treated as if their union was what was
+ painted.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The stroke <em><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></em> is affected by the transformation during painting, even
+ if the intended path is the <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Paths, when filled or stroked, must be painted without affecting the <a href=#current-default-path>current default
+ path</a> or any <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> objects, and must be subject to <a href=#shadows title=shadows>shadow effects</a>, <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha>global
+ alpha</a>, the <a href=#clipping-region>clipping region</a>, and <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation>global composition operators</a>. (The effect
+ of transformations is described above and varies based on which path is being used.)</p>
+
+ <hr><p id=dom-context-2d-drawosfocusring>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-drawsystemfocusring title=dom-context-2d-drawSystemFocusRing><code>drawSystemFocusRing(<var title="">element</var>)</code></dfn> method, when invoked, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">element</var> is not <a href=#focused>focused</a> or is not a descendant of the element with
+ whose context the method is associated, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the user has requested the use of particular focus rings (e.g. high-contrast focus rings),
+ or if the <var title="">element</var> would have a focus ring drawn around it, then draw a focus
+ ring of the appropriate style along the intended path, following platform conventions.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Some platforms only draw focus rings around elements that have been focused from
+ the keyboard, and not those focused from the mouse. Other platforms simply don't draw focus
+ rings around some elements at all unless relevant accessibility features are enabled. This API
+ is intended to follow these conventions. User agents that implement distinctions based on the
+ manner in which the element was focused are encouraged to classify focus driven by the <code title=dom-focus><a href=#dom-focus>focus()</a></code> method based on the kind of user interaction event from which
+ the call was triggered (if any).</p>
+
+ <p>The focus ring should not be subject to the <a href=#shadows title=shadows>shadow effects</a>, the
+ <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha>global alpha</a>, the <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation>global composition operators</a>, the <code title=dom-context-2d-fillStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-fillstyle>fillStyle</a></code> attribute, the <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-strokestyle>strokeStyle</a></code> attribute, or any of the
+ <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> members, but <em>should</em> be subject to the <a href=#clipping-region>clipping
+ region</a>. (The effect of transformations is described above and varies based on which path
+ is being used.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Optionally, run the appropriate step from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p><a href=#inform>Inform the user</a> that the focus is at the location given by the
+ intended path. User agents may wait until the next time the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> reaches its
+ <i>update the rendering</i> step to optionally inform the user.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Add instructions to the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#list-of-pending-interface-actions>list of pending interface
+ actions</a> that <a href=#inform>inform the user</a> that the focus is at the location of
+ the bitmap given by the intended path.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-drawcustomfocusring title=dom-context-2d-drawCustomFocusRing><code>drawCustomFocusRing(<var title="">element</var>)</code></dfn> method, when invoked, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">element</var> is not <a href=#focused>focused</a> or is not a descendant of the element with
+ whose context the method is associated, then return false and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be true.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the user has requested the use of particular focus rings (e.g. high-contrast focus rings),
+ then draw a focus ring of the appropriate style along the intended path, and set <var title="">result</var> to false.</p>
+
+ <p>The focus ring should not be subject to the <a href=#shadows title=shadows>shadow effects</a>, the
+ <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha>global alpha</a>, the <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation>global composition operators</a>, the <code title=dom-context-2d-fillStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-fillstyle>fillStyle</a></code> attribute, the <code title=dom-context-2d-strokeStyle><a href=#dom-context-2d-strokestyle>strokeStyle</a></code> attribute, or any of the
+ <code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code> members, but <em>should</em> be subject to the <a href=#clipping-region>clipping
+ region</a>. (The effect of transformations is described above and varies based on which path
+ is being used.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Optionally, run the appropriate step from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p><a href=#inform>Inform the user</a> that the focus is at the location given by the
+ intended path. The user agent may wait until the next time the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> reaches
+ its <i>update the rendering</i> step to optionally inform the user.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Add instructions to the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#list-of-pending-interface-actions>list of pending interface
+ actions</a> that <a href=#inform>inform the user</a> that the focus is at the location of
+ the bitmap given by the intended path.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>User agents should not implicitly close open subpaths in the intended path when drawing the
+ focus ring.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This might be a moot point, however. For example, if the focus ring is drawn as an
+ axis-aligned bounding rectangle around the points in the intended path, then whether the subpaths
+ are closed or not has no effect. This specification intentionally does not specify precisely how
+ focus rings are to be drawn: user agents are expected to honor their platform's native
+ conventions.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-scrollpathintoview title=dom-context-2d-scrollPathIntoView><code>scrollPathIntoView()</code></dfn>
+ method, when invoked, if the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap mode</a> is <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a>, must run the following steps; and otherwise, must add
+ instructions to the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#list-of-pending-interface-actions>list of pending interface actions</a>
+ that run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">the specified rectangle</var> be the rectangle of the bounding box of
+ the intended path.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">notional child</var> be a hypothetical element that is a rendered child
+ of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element whose dimensions are those of <var title="">the specified
+ rectangle</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#scroll-an-element-into-view title="scroll an element into view">Scroll <var title="">notional child</var> into
+ view</a> with the <var title="">align to top flag</var> set.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Optionally, <a href=#inform>inform the user</a> that the caret or selection (or both)
+ cover <var title="">the specified rectangle</var> of the canvas. If the
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode title=concept-canvas-context-bitmap-mode>context bitmap mode</a> was <a href=#concept-canvas-fixed title=concept-canvas-fixed>fixed</a> when the method was invoked, the user agent may wait
+ until the next time the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> reaches its <i>update the rendering</i> step to
+ optionally inform the user.</li>
+
+ </ol><p id=inform>"Inform the user", as used in this section, does not imply any persistent state
+ change. It could mean, for instance, calling a system accessibility API to notify assistive
+ technologies such as magnification tools so that the user's magnifier moves to the given area of
+ the canvas. However, it does not associate the path with the element, or provide a region for
+ tactile feedback, etc. To persistently associate a region with information provided to
+ accessibility tools, use the <code title=dom-context-2d-addHitRegion><a href=#dom-context-2d-addhitregion>addHitRegion()</a></code>
+ API.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-clip title=dom-context-2d-clip><code>clip()</code></dfn> method must create a new
+ <dfn id=clipping-region>clipping region</dfn> by calculating the intersection of the current clipping region and the
+ area described by the intended path, using the <a href=#fill-rule>fill rule</a> indicated by the <var title="">fillRule</var> argument. Open subpaths must be implicitly closed when computing the
+ clipping region, without affecting the actual subpaths. The new clipping region replaces the
+ current clipping region.</p>
+
+ <p>When the context is initialized, the clipping region must be set to the largest infinite
+ surface (i.e. by default, no clipping occurs).</p>
+
+ <!-- v6
+ Jordan OSETE suggests:
+ * support ways of extending the clipping region (union instead of intersection)
+ - also "add", "subtract", "replace", "intersect" and "xor"
+ - maybe just support creating unions, intersections, and other -ions of paths
+ -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-resetclip title=dom-context-2d-resetClip><code>resetClip()</code></dfn> method must create a
+ new <a href=#clipping-region>clipping region</a> that is the largest infinite surface. The new clipping region
+ replaces the current clipping region.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-ispointinpath title=dom-context-2d-isPointInPath><code>isPointInPath()</code></dfn> method must
+ return true if the point given by the <var title="">x</var> and <var title="">y</var> coordinates
+ passed to the method, when treated as coordinates in the canvas coordinate space unaffected by the
+ current transformation, is inside the intended path as determined by the <a href=#fill-rule>fill rule</a>
+ indicated by the <var title="">fillRule</var> argument; and must return false otherwise. Open
+ subpaths must be implicitly closed when computing the area inside the path, without affecting the
+ actual subpaths. Points on the path itself must be considered to be inside the path. If either of
+ the arguments is infinite or NaN, then the method must return false.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-ispointinstroke title=dom-context-2d-isPointInStroke><code>isPointInStroke()</code></dfn> method
+ must return true if the point given by the <var title="">x</var> and <var title="">y</var>
+ coordinates passed to the method, when treated as coordinates in the canvas coordinate space
+ unaffected by the current transformation, is inside the path that results from <a href=#trace-a-path title="trace
+ a path">tracing</a> the intended path, using the <a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero>non-zero winding rule</a>, and using the
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object for the line styles; and must return false otherwise.
+ Points on the resulting path must be considered to be inside the path. If either of the arguments
+ is infinite or NaN, then the method must return false.</p>
+
+ <hr></div>
+
+ <div class=example id=drawCustomFocusRingExample>
+
+ <p>This <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element has a couple of checkboxes. The path-related commands are
+ highlighted:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;canvas height=400 width=750&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox id=showA&gt; Show As&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;&lt;input type=checkbox id=showB&gt; Show Bs&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;!-- ... --&gt;
+&lt;/canvas&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ function drawCheckbox(context, element, x, y, paint) {
+ context.save();
+ context.font = '10px sans-serif';
+ context.textAlign = 'left';
+ context.textBaseline = 'middle';
+ var metrics = context.measureText(element.labels[0].textContent);
+ if (paint) {
+<strong> context.beginPath();
+ context.strokeStyle = 'black';
+ context.rect(x-5, y-5, 10, 10);
+ context.stroke();
+ context.addHitRegion({ control: element });
+</strong> if (element.checked) {
+<strong> context.fillStyle = 'black';
+ context.fill();
+</strong> }
+ context.fillText(element.labels[0].textContent, x+5, y);
+ }
+<strong> context.beginPath();
+ context.rect(x-7, y-7, 12 + metrics.width+2, 14);
+ if (paint &amp;&amp; context.drawCustomFocusRing(element)) {
+ context.strokeStyle = 'silver';
+ context.stroke();
+ }
+</strong> context.restore();
+ }
+ function drawBase() { /* ... */ }
+ function drawAs() { /* ... */ }
+ function drawBs() { /* ... */ }
+ function redraw() {
+ var canvas = document.getElementsByTagName('canvas')[0];
+ var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
+ context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
+ drawCheckbox(context, document.getElementById('showA'), 20, 40, true);
+ drawCheckbox(context, document.getElementById('showB'), 20, 60, true);
+ drawBase();
+ if (document.getElementById('showA').checked)
+ drawAs();
+ if (document.getElementById('showB').checked)
+ drawBs();
+ }
+ function processClick(event) {
+ var canvas = document.getElementsByTagName('canvas')[0];
+ var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
+ var x = event.clientX;
+ var y = event.clientY;
+ var node = event.target;
+ while (node) {
+ x -= node.offsetLeft - node.scrollLeft;
+ y -= node.offsetTop - node.scrollTop;
+ node = node.offsetParent;
+ }
+ drawCheckbox(context, document.getElementById('showA'), 20, 40, false);
+ if (<strong>context.isPointInPath(x, y)</strong>)
+ document.getElementById('showA').checked = !(document.getElementById('showA').checked);
+ drawCheckbox(context, document.getElementById('showB'), 20, 60, false);
+ if (<strong>context.isPointInPath(x, y)</strong>)
+ document.getElementById('showB').checked = !(document.getElementById('showB').checked);
+ redraw();
+ }
+ document.getElementsByTagName('canvas')[0].addEventListener('focus', redraw, true);
+ document.getElementsByTagName('canvas')[0].addEventListener('blur', redraw, true);
+ document.getElementsByTagName('canvas')[0].addEventListener('change', redraw, true);
+ document.getElementsByTagName('canvas')[0].addEventListener('click', processClick, false);
+ redraw();
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+<!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/340 -->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=drawing-images><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.14 </span>Drawing images</h6>
+
+ <p>To draw images, the <dfn id=dom-context-2d-drawimage title=dom-context-2d-drawImage><code>drawImage</code></dfn> method
+ can be used.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>This method can be invoked with three different sets of arguments:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title="">drawImage(<var title="">image</var>, <var title="">dx</var>, <var title="">dy</var>)</code>
+ <li><code title="">drawImage(<var title="">image</var>, <var title="">dx</var>, <var title="">dy</var>, <var title="">dw</var>, <var title="">dh</var>)</code>
+ <li><code title="">drawImage(<var title="">image</var>, <var title="">sx</var>, <var title="">sy</var>, <var title="">sw</var>, <var title="">sh</var>, <var title="">dx</var>, <var title="">dy</var>, <var title="">dw</var>, <var title="">dh</var>)</code>
+ </ul></div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-drawImage><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawimage>drawImage</a></code>(<var title="">image</var>, <var title="">dx</var>, <var title="">dy</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-drawImage><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawimage>drawImage</a></code>(<var title="">image</var>, <var title="">dx</var>, <var title="">dy</var>, <var title="">dw</var>, <var title="">dh</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-drawImage><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawimage>drawImage</a></code>(<var title="">image</var>, <var title="">sx</var>, <var title="">sy</var>, <var title="">sw</var>, <var title="">sh</var>, <var title="">dx</var>, <var title="">dy</var>, <var title="">dw</var>, <var title="">dh</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Draws the given image onto the canvas. The arguments are
+ interpreted as follows:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/drawImage.png width=356 alt="The sx and sy parameters give the x and y coordinates of the source rectangle; the sw and sh arguments give the width and height of the source rectangle; the dx and dy give the x and y coordinates of the destination rectangle; and the dw and dh arguments give the width and height of the destination rectangle." height=356></p>
+
+ <p>If the image isn't yet fully decoded, then nothing is drawn. If the image is a canvas with no
+ data, throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the <code title=dom-context-2d-drawImage><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawimage>drawImage()</a></code> method is invoked, the user
+ agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#check-the-usability-of-the-image-argument>Check the usability of the <var title="">image</var> argument</a>. If this
+ returns <i>aborted</i>, then an exception has been thrown and the method doesn't return anything;
+ abort these steps. If it returns <i>bad</i>, then abort these steps without drawing anything.
+ Otherwise it returns <i>good</i>; continue with these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Establish the source and destination rectangles as follows:</p>
+
+ <p>If not specified, the <var title="">dw</var> and <var title="">dh</var> arguments must
+ default to the values of <var title="">sw</var> and <var title="">sh</var>, interpreted such
+ that one CSS pixel in the image is treated as one unit in the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s
+ coordinate space. If the <var title="">sx</var>, <var title="">sy</var>, <var title="">sw</var>,
+ and <var title="">sh</var> arguments are omitted, they must default to 0, 0, the image's
+ intrinsic width in image pixels, and the image's intrinsic height in image pixels, respectively.
+ If the image has no intrinsic dimensions, the <i>concrete object size</i> must be used instead,
+ as determined using the CSS "<a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-images/#default-sizing>Concrete Object Size Resolution</a>"
+ algorithm, with the <i>specified size</i> having neither a definite width nor height, nor any
+ additional contraints, the object's intrinsic properties being those of the <var title="">image</var> argument, and the <i><a href=#default-object-size>default object size</a></i> being the size of the
+ <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>. <a href=#refsCSSIMAGES>[CSSIMAGES]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The source rectangle is the rectangle whose corners are the four points (<var title="">sx</var>, <var title="">sy</var>), (<span title=""><var title="">sx</var>+<var title="">sw</var></span>, <var title="">sy</var>), (<span title=""><var title="">sx</var>+<var title="">sw</var></span>, <span title=""><var title="">sy</var>+<var title="">sh</var></span>),
+ (<var title="">sx</var>, <span title=""><var title="">sy</var>+<var title="">sh</var></span>).</p>
+
+ <p>The destination rectangle is the rectangle whose corners are the four points (<var title="">dx</var>, <var title="">dy</var>), (<span title=""><var title="">dx</var>+<var title="">dw</var></span>, <var title="">dy</var>), (<span title=""><var title="">dx</var>+<var title="">dw</var></span>, <span title=""><var title="">dy</var>+<var title="">dh</var></span>),
+ (<var title="">dx</var>, <span title=""><var title="">dy</var>+<var title="">dh</var></span>).</p>
+
+ <p>When the source rectangle is outside the source image, the source rectangle must be clipped
+ to the source image and the destination rectangle must be clipped in the same proportion.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>When the destination rectangle is outside the destination image (the
+ <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>), the pixels that land outside the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> are
+ discarded, as if the destination was an infinite canvas whose rendering was clipped to the
+ dimensions of the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If one of the <var title="">sw</var> or <var title="">sh</var> arguments is zero, abort
+ these steps. Nothing is painted.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Paint the region of the <var title="">image</var> argument specified by the source rectangle
+ on the region of the rendering context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> specified by the
+ destination rectangle, after applying the <a href=#transformations title=dom-context-2d-transformation>current
+ transformation matrix</a> to the destination rectangle.</p>
+
+ <p>The image data must be processed in the original direction, even if the dimensions given are
+ negative. <!-- note: that last sentence has several times been needed to correct people who
+ suggested that 5,5,-2,-2 was different than 3,3,2,2 --></p>
+
+ <p>When scaling up, if the <code title=dom-context-2d-imageSmoothingEnabled><a href=#dom-context-2d-imagesmoothingenabled>imageSmoothingEnabled</a></code> attribute is set to
+ true, the user agent should attempt to apply a smoothing algorithm to the image data when it is
+ scaled. Otherwise, the image must be rendered using nearest-neighbor interpolation.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This specification does not define the precise algorithm to use when scaling an
+ image down, or when scaling an image up when the <code title=dom-context-2d-imageSmoothingEnabled><a href=#dom-context-2d-imagesmoothingenabled>imageSmoothingEnabled</a></code> attribute is set to
+ true.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>When a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> or <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object is
+ drawn onto itself, the <a href=#drawing-model>drawing model</a> requires the source to be copied before the
+ image is drawn, so it is possible to copy parts of a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> or <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch
+ bitmap</a> onto overlapping parts of itself.</p>
+
+ <p>If the original image data is a bitmap image, the value painted at a point in the destination
+ rectangle is computed by filtering the original image data. The user agent may use any filtering
+ algorithm (for example bilinear interpolation or nearest-neighbor). When the filtering algorithm
+ requires a pixel value from outside the original image data, it must instead use the value from
+ the nearest edge pixel. (That is, the filter uses 'clamp-to-edge' behavior.) When the filtering
+ algorithm requires a pixel value from outside the source rectangle but inside the original image
+ data, then the value from the original image data must be used.</p>
+ <!-- see CORE-32111 and:
+ http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20100818#l-737
+ http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=10799#c11
+ -->
+ <!-- createPattern() has a similar paragraph with different rules -->
+
+ <p class=note>Thus, scaling an image in parts or in whole will have the same effect. This does
+ mean that when sprites coming from a single sprite sheet are to be scaled, adjacent images in
+ the sprite sheet can interfere. This can be avoided by ensuring each sprite in the sheet is
+ surrounded by a border of transparent black, or by copying sprites to be scaled into temporary
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> elements and drawing the scaled sprites from there.</p>
+
+ <p>Images are painted without affecting the current path, and are subject to <a href=#shadows title=shadows>shadow effects</a>, <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha>global
+ alpha</a>, the <a href=#clipping-region>clipping region</a>, and <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation>global composition operators</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <li><p>If <a href=#the-image-argument-is-not-origin-clean>the <var title="">image argument</var> is not origin-clean</a>, set the
+ <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag
+ to false.</li>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=hit-regions><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.15 </span>Hit regions</h6>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=hit-region-list>hit region list</dfn> is a list of <a href=#hit-region title="hit region">hit regions</a> for a
+ bitmap.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <dfn id=hit-region>hit region</dfn> consists of the following information:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>A <dfn id="hit-region's-set-of-pixels" title="hit region's set of pixels">set of pixels</dfn> on the bitmap for which this
+ region is responsible.</li>
+
+ <li><p>A <dfn id="hit-region's-bounding-circumference" title="hit region's bounding circumference">bounding circumference</dfn> on the
+ bitmap that surrounds the <a href="#hit-region's-set-of-pixels">hit region's set of pixels</a> as they stood when it was
+ created.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Optionally, a non-empty string representing an <dfn id="hit-region's-id" title="hit region's ID">ID</dfn> for
+ distinguishing the region from others.</li> <!-- cannot be the empty string -->
+
+ <li><p>Optionally, a reference to another region that acts as the <dfn id="hit-region's-parent" title="hit region's
+ parent">parent</dfn> for this one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>A count of regions that have this one as their <a href="#hit-region's-parent" title="hit region's
+ parent">parent</a>, known as the <dfn id="hit-region's-child-count">hit region's child count</dfn>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>A <dfn id="hit-region's-cursor-specification" title="hit region's cursor specification">cursor specification</dfn>, in the form
+ of either a CSS cursor value, or the string "<code title="">inherit</code>" meaning that the
+ cursor of the <a href="#hit-region's-parent">hit region's parent</a>, if any, or of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, if
+ not, is to be used instead.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Optionally, either a <a href="#hit-region's-control" title="hit region's control">control</a>, or an <a href="#hit-region's-unbacked-region-description" title="hit region's unbacked region description">unbacked region description</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id="hit-region's-control" title="hit region's control">control</dfn> is a reference to an <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code>
+ node, to which, in certain conditions, the user agent will route events, and from which the user
+ agent will determine the state of the hit region for the purposes of accessibility tools. (The
+ control is ignored when it is not a descendant of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element.)</p>
+
+ <p>An <dfn id="hit-region's-unbacked-region-description" title="hit region's unbacked region description">unbacked region description</dfn>
+ consists of the following:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><p>Optionally, a <dfn id="hit-region's-label" title="hit region's label">label</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>An <dfn id="hit-region's-aria-role" title="hit region's ARIA role">ARIA role</dfn>, which, if the <a href="#hit-region's-unbacked-region-description" title="hit
+ region's unbacked region description">unbacked region description</a> also has a label,
+ could be the empty string.</li>
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ </ul><dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-addHitRegion><a href=#dom-context-2d-addhitregion>addHitRegion</a></code>(<var title="">options</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds a hit region to the bitmap. The argument is an object with the following members:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-hitregionoptions-path title=dom-HitRegionOptions-path><code>path</code></dfn> (default null)</dt>
+
+ <dd>A <code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code> object that describes the pixels that form part of the region. If
+ this member is not provided or is set to null, the <a href=#current-default-path>current default path</a> is used
+ instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-hitregionoptions-fillrule title=dom-HitRegionOptions-fillRule><code>fillRule</code></dfn> (default "<code title=dom-context-2d-fillRule-nonzero><a href=#dom-context-2d-fillrule-nonzero>nonzero</a></code>")</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href=#fill-rule>fill rule</a> to use when determining which pixels are inside the path.</dd>
+
+<!--
+ <dt><dfn title="dom-HitRegionOptions-transform"><code>transform</code></dfn> (default null)</dt>
+
+ <dd>An <code>SVGMatrix</code> object that describes a
+ transformation to apply to the path described by the <code
+ title="dom-HitRegionOptions-path">path</code> member.</dd>
+-->
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-hitregionoptions-id title=dom-HitRegionOptions-id><code>id</code></dfn> (default empty string) <!-- empty string is treated as null internally --></dt>
+
+ <dd>The ID to use for this region. This is used in <code><a href=#mouseevent>MouseEvent</a></code> events on the
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> (<code title=dom-MouseEvent-region><a href=#dom-mouseevent-region>event.region</a></code>) and as a way to
+ reference this region in later calls to <code title=dom-context-2d-addHitRegion><a href=#dom-context-2d-addhitregion>addHitRegion()</a></code>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-hitregionoptions-parentid title=dom-HitRegionOptions-parentID><code>parentID</code></dfn> (default null)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The ID of the parent region, for purposes of navigation by accessibility tools and for
+ cursor fallback.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-hitregionoptions-cursor title=dom-HitRegionOptions-cursor><code>cursor</code></dfn> (default "<code title="">inherit</code>")</dt>
+
+ <dd>The cursor to use when the mouse is over this region. The value "<code title="">inherit</code>" means to use the cursor for the parent region (as specified by the
+ <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-parentID><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-parentid>parentID</a></code> member), if any, or to use the
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's cursor if the region has no parent.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-hitregionoptions-control title=dom-HitRegionOptions-control><code>control</code></dfn> (default null)</dt>
+
+ <dd>An element (that is a descendant of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>) to which events are to be
+ routed, and which accessibility tools are to use as a surrogate for describing and interacting
+ with this region.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-hitregionoptions-label title=dom-HitRegionOptions-label><code>label</code></dfn> (default null)</dt>
+
+ <dd>A text label for accessibility tools to use as a description of this region, if there is no
+ control.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-hitregionoptions-role title=dom-HitRegionOptions-role><code>role</code></dfn> (default null)</dt>
+
+ <dd>An ARIA role for accessibility tools to use to determine how to represent this region, if
+ there is no control.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Hit regions can be used for a variety of purposes:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>With an ID, they can make hit detection easier by having the user agent check which region
+ the mouse is over and include the ID in the mouse events.</li>
+
+ <li>With a control, they can make routing events to DOM elements automatic, allowing e.g.
+ clicks on a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> to automatically submit a form via a <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>
+ element.</li>
+
+ <li>With a label, they can make it easier for users to explore a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> without
+ seeing it, e.g. by touch on a mobile device.</li>
+
+ <li>With a cursor, they can make it easier for different regions of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> to
+ have different cursors, with the user agent automatically switching between them.</li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-removeHitRegion><a href=#dom-context-2d-removehitregion>removeHitRegion</a></code>(<var title="">id</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Removes a hit region (and all its descendants) from the canvas bitmap. The argument is the ID
+ of a region added using <code title=dom-context-2d-addHitRegion><a href=#dom-context-2d-addhitregion>addHitRegion()</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The pixels that were covered by this region and its descendants are effectively cleared by
+ this operation, leaving the regions non-interactive. In particular, regions that occupied the
+ same pixels before the removed regions were added, overlapping them, do not resume their
+ previous role.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> <var title="">A</var> is an <dfn id=ancestor-region>ancestor region</dfn> of a <a href=#hit-region>hit
+ region</a> <var title="">B</var> if <var title="">B</var> has a <a href="#hit-region's-parent" title="hit region's
+ parent">parent</a> and its <a href="#hit-region's-parent" title="hit region's parent">parent</a> is either <var title="">A</var> or another <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> for which <var title="">A</var> is an
+ <a href=#ancestor-region>ancestor region</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=the-region-identified-by-the-id>The region identified by the ID</dfn> <var title="">ID</var> in a bitmap <var title="">bitmap</var> is the value returned by the following algorithm (which can return a
+ <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> or nothing):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">ID</var> is null, return nothing and abort these steps.</li> <!--
+ this step is redundant but makes sure people don't confuse 'null' for 'not having an ID' -->
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">list</var> be the <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a> associated with <var title="">bitmap</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> in <var title="">list</var> whose <a href="#hit-region's-id" title="hit
+ region's ID">ID</a> is a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for <var title="">ID</var>, then
+ return that <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, return nothing.</li>
+
+ </ol><p><dfn id=the-region-representing-the-control>The region representing the control</dfn> <var title="">control</var> for a bitmap <var title="">bitmap</var> is the value returned by the following algorithm (which can return a
+ <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> or nothing):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">list</var> be the <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a> associated with <var title="">bitmap</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> in <var title="">list</var> whose <a href="#hit-region's-control" title="hit
+ region's control">control</a> is <var title="">control</var>, then return that <a href=#hit-region>hit
+ region</a> and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, return nothing.</li>
+
+ </ol><p><dfn id=the-control-represented-by-a-region>The control represented by a region</dfn> <var title="">region</var> for a
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element <var title="">ancestor</var> is the value returned by the following
+ algorithm (which can return an element or nothing):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">region</var> has no <a href="#hit-region's-control" title="hit region's control">control</a>,
+ return nothing and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">control</var> be <var title="">region</var>'s <a href="#hit-region's-control" title="hit region's
+ control">control</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">control</var> is not a descendant of <var title="">ancestor</var>, then
+ return nothing and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">control</var> is no longer a <a href=#supported-interactive-canvas-fallback-element>supported interactive canvas fallback
+ element</a>, then return nothing and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, return <var title="">control</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p><dfn id=the-cursor-for-a-hit-region>The cursor for a hit region</dfn> <var title="">region</var> of a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>
+ element <var title="">ancestor</var> is the value returned by the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">region</var> has a <a href="#hit-region's-cursor-specification" title="hit region's cursor
+ specification">cursor specification</a> other than "<code title="">inherit</code>", then
+ return that <a href="#hit-region's-cursor-specification">hit region's cursor specification</a> and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">region</var> has a <a href="#hit-region's-parent" title="hit region's parent">parent</a>, then
+ let <var title="">region</var> be that <a href="#hit-region's-parent">hit region's parent</a>, and return to the step
+ labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, return the used value of the 'cursor' property for the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>
+ element, if any; if there isn't one, return 'auto'. <a href=#refsCSSUI>[CSSUI]</a></li>
+
+ </ol><p><dfn id=the-region-for-a-pixel>The region for a pixel</dfn> <var title="">pixel</var> on a bitmap <var title="">bitmap</var> is the value returned by the following algorithm (which can return a
+ <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> or nothing):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">list</var> be the <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a> associated with <var title="">bitmap</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> in <var title="">list</var> whose <a href="#hit-region's-set-of-pixels" title="hit
+ region's set of pixels">set of pixels</a> contains <var title="">pixel</var>, then return that
+ <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, return nothing.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>To <dfn id=clear-regions-that-cover-the-pixels>clear regions that cover the pixels</dfn> <var title="">pixels</var> on a bitmap <var title="">bitmap</var>, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">list</var> be the <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a> associated with <var title="">bitmap</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove all pixels in <var title="">pixels</var> from the <a href="#hit-region's-set-of-pixels" title="hit region's set of
+ pixels">set of pixels</a> of each <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> in <var title="">list</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#garbage-collect-the-regions>Garbage-collect the regions</a> of <var title="">bitmap</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>To <dfn id=garbage-collect-the-regions>garbage-collect the regions</dfn> of a bitmap <var title="">bitmap</var>, the user
+ agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">list</var> be the <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a> associated with <var title="">bitmap</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Loop</i>: Let <var title="">victim</var> be the first <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> in <var title="">list</var> to have an empty <a href="#hit-region's-set-of-pixels" title="hit region's set of pixels">set of
+ pixels</a> and a zero <a href="#hit-region's-child-count" title="hit region's child count">child count</a>, if any. If
+ there is no such <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a>, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">victim</var> has a <a href="#hit-region's-parent" title="hit region's parent">parent</a>, then
+ decrement that <a href="#hit-region's-child-count">hit region's child count</a> by one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove <var title="">victim</var> from <var title="">list</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Jump back to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>Adding a new region and calling <code title=dom-context-2d-clearRect><a href=#dom-context-2d-clearrect>clearRect()</a></code> are the two ways this clearing algorithm can
+ be invoked. The <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a> itself is also reset when the rendering context is
+ reset, e.g. when a <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object is bound to or unbound from a
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>, or when the dimensions of the bitmap are changed.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>An element is a <dfn id=supported-interactive-canvas-fallback-element>supported interactive canvas fallback element</dfn> if it is one of the
+ following:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><p>an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element that <a href=#represents>represents</a> a
+ <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> and that does not have any <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> descendants</li>
+
+ <li><p>a <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element</li>
+
+ <li><p>an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code>
+ attribute is in one of the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> or <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> states</li>
+
+ <li><p>an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element that is a <a href=#concept-button title=concept-button>button</a> but
+ its <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is not in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state</li>
+
+ <li><p>a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute or a <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> greater than 1</li>
+
+ <li><p>an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element that is in a <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a> of a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element
+ with a <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute or a <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> greater than 1</li>
+
+ <li><p>a <a href=#sorting-interface-th-element>sorting interface <code>th</code> element</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>an element that would not be <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a> except for having the
+ <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute specified</li>
+
+ <!-- so that people can do grids, like crosswords, yet let AT users select rows, or the
+ entire table, to see the whole context -->
+ <li><p>a non-<a href=#interactive-content title="interactive content">interactive</a> <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element</li>
+
+ </ul><hr><p>When the <dfn id=dom-context-2d-addhitregion title=dom-context-2d-addHitRegion><code>addHitRegion()</code></dfn> method is
+ invoked, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">arguments</var> be the dictionary object provided as the method's
+ argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-path><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-path>path</a></code> member is not null, let <var title="">source
+ path</var> be the <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-path><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-path>path</a></code> member's value. Otherwise,
+ let it be the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#current-default-path>current default
+ path</a>.</li>
+
+<!--
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code
+ title="dom-HitRegionOptions-path">path</code> member is null, but the <code
+ title="dom-HitRegionOptions-transform">transform</code> member is not, then throw a
+ <code>NotSupportedError</code> exception and abort these steps.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Transform all the coordinates and lines in <var title="">source path</var> by the
+ transform matrix given by the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code
+ title="dom-HitRegionOptions-transform">transform</code> member, if it is not null.</p></li>
+-->
+
+ <li><p>Transform all the coordinates and lines in <var title="">source path</var> by the current
+ transform matrix, if the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-path><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-path>path</a></code> member is not null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">specified pixels</var> be the pixels contained in <var title="">source
+ path</var>, using the <a href=#fill-rule>fill rule</a> indicated by the <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-fillRule><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-fillrule>fillRule</a></code> member.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove from <var title="">specified pixels</var> any pixels not contained within the
+ <a href=#clipping-region>clipping region</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-id><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-id>id</a></code> member is the empty string, let it be null
+ instead.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-id><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-id>id</a></code> member is not null, then let <var title="">previous
+ region for this ID</var> be <a href=#the-region-identified-by-the-id>the region identified by the ID</a> given by the <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-id><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-id>id</a></code> member's value in this <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>, if
+ any. If the <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-id><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-id>id</a></code> member is null or no such region
+ currently exists, let <var title="">previous region for this ID</var> be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-parentID><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-parentid>parentID</a></code> member is the empty string, let it be null
+ instead.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-parentID><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-parentid>parentID</a></code> member is not null, then let <var title="">parent region</var> be <a href=#the-region-identified-by-the-id>the region identified by the ID</a> given by the <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-parentID><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-parentid>parentID</a></code> member's value in the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch
+ bitmap</a>, if any. If the <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-parentID><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-parentid>parentID</a></code> member
+ is null or no such region currently exists, let <var title="">parent region</var> be
+ null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-label><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-label>label</a></code> member is the empty string, let it be null
+ instead.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If any of the following conditions are met, throw a <code><a href=#notsupportederror>NotSupportedError</a></code> exception
+ and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><!--
+ <li><p>The <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code
+ title="dom-HitRegionOptions-path">path</code> member is null, but its <code
+ title="dom-HitRegionOptions-transform">transform</code> member is not.</p></li>
+--><li><p>The <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-control><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-control>control</a></code> and <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-label><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-label>label</a></code> members are both non-null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-control><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-control>control</a></code> and <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-role><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-role>role</a></code> members are both non-null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-role><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-role>role</a></code> member's value is the empty string, and the
+ <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-label><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-label>label</a></code> member's value is either null or the
+ empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <var title="">specified pixels</var> has no pixels.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-control><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-control>control</a></code> member is neither null nor a
+ <a href=#supported-interactive-canvas-fallback-element>supported interactive canvas fallback element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <var title="">parent region</var> is not null but has a <a href="#hit-region's-control" title="hit region's
+ control">control</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <var title="">previous region for this ID</var> is the same <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> as
+ the <var title="">parent region</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <var title="">previous region for this ID</var> is an <a href=#ancestor-region>ancestor region</a>
+ of the <var title="">parent region</var>.</li>
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-parentID><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-parentid>parentID</a></code> member is not null but
+ <var title="">parent region</var> is null, then throw a <code><a href=#notfounderror>NotFoundError</a></code> exception and
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If any of the following conditions are met, throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and
+ abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>The <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-cursor><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-cursor>cursor</a></code> member is not null but is neither an
+ <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">inherit</code>", nor a
+ valid CSS 'cursor' property value. <a href=#refsCSSUI>[CSSUI]</a></li>
+
+ <li>The <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-role><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-role>role</a></code> member is not null but its value is not an
+ <a href=#ordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>ordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a> whose tokens are all
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> matches for names of non-abstract WAI-ARIA roles. <a href=#refsARIA>[ARIA]</a></li>
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">region</var> be a newly created <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a>, with its
+ information configured as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><a href="#hit-region's-set-of-pixels">Hit region's set of pixels</a>
+
+ <dd><p>The <var title="">specified pixels</var>
+
+
+ <dt><a href="#hit-region's-bounding-circumference">Hit region's bounding circumference</a>
+
+ <dd><p>A user-agent-defined shape that wraps the pixels contained in <var title="">source
+ path</var>. (In the simplest case, this can just be the bounding rectangle; this specification
+ allows it to be any shape in order to allow other interfaces.)
+
+
+ <dt><a href="#hit-region's-id">Hit region's ID</a>
+
+ <dd><p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-id><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-id>id</a></code> member is not null: the value of the <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-id><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-id>id</a></code> member. Otherwise, <var title="">region</var> has no
+ <a href="#hit-region's-id" title="hit region's id">id</a>.
+
+
+ <dt><a href="#hit-region's-parent">Hit region's parent</a>
+
+ <dd><p>If <var title="">parent region</var> is not null: <var title="">parent region</var>.
+ Otherwise, <var title="">region</var> has no <a href="#hit-region's-parent" title="hit region's parent">parent</a>.
+
+
+ <dt><a href="#hit-region's-child-count">Hit region's child count</a>
+
+ <dd><p>Initially zero.
+
+
+ <dt><a href="#hit-region's-cursor-specification">Hit region's cursor specification</a>
+
+ <dd><p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-cursor><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-cursor>cursor</a></code> member is not null: the value of the <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-cursor><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-cursor>cursor</a></code> member. Otherwise, the string "<code title="">inherit</code>".
+
+
+ <dt><a href="#hit-region's-control">Hit region's control</a>
+
+ <dd><p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-control><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-control>control</a></code> member is not null: the value of the <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-control><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-control>control</a></code> member. Otherwise, <var title="">region</var> has no <a href="#hit-region's-control" title="hit region's control">control</a>.
+
+
+ <dt><a href="#hit-region's-label">Hit region's label</a>
+
+ <dd><p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-label><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-label>label</a></code> member is not null: the value of the <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-label><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-label>label</a></code> member. Otherwise, <var title="">region</var>
+ has no <a href="#hit-region's-label" title="hit region's label">label</a>.
+
+
+ <dt><a href="#hit-region's-aria-role">Hit region's ARIA role</a>
+
+ <dd><p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-role><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-role>role</a></code> member is not null: the value of the <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-role><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-role>role</a></code> member (which might be the empty string).
+ Otherwise, if the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-label><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-label>label</a></code> member is not null: the empty string.
+ Otherwise, <var title="">region</var> has no <a href="#hit-region's-aria-role" title="hit region's ARIA role">ARIA
+ role</a>.
+
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">arguments</var> object's <code title=dom-HitRegionOptions-cursor><a href=#dom-hitregionoptions-cursor>cursor</a></code> member is not null, then act as if a CSS rule
+ for the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element setting its 'cursor' property had been seen, whose value was
+ the <a href="#hit-region's-cursor-specification">hit region's cursor specification</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For example, if the user agent prefetches cursor values, this would cause that
+ to happen in response to an appropriately-formed <code title=dom-context-2d-addHitRegion><a href=#dom-context-2d-addhitregion>addHitRegion()</a></code> call.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a <var title="">previous region with this ID</var>, remove it, and all <a href=#hit-region title="hit region">hit regions</a> for which it is an <a href=#ancestor-region>ancestor region</a>, from the
+ <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a>; then, if it had a <a href="#hit-region's-parent" title="hit
+ region's parent">parent</a> region, decrement that <a href="#hit-region's-child-count">hit region's child count</a> by
+ one.</li> <!-- we garbage collect the regions below -->
+
+ <li><p>If there is a <var title="">parent region</var>, increment its <a href="#hit-region's-child-count">hit region's child
+ count</a> by one.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#clear-regions-that-cover-the-pixels>Clear regions that cover the pixels</a> in <var title="">region</var>'s <a href="#hit-region's-set-of-pixels" title="hit region's set of pixels">set of pixels</a> on this <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch
+ bitmap</a>.</li> <!-- this is what garbage collects the earlier regions -->
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">region</var> to the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s element's <a href=#hit-region-list>hit
+ region list</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the <dfn id=dom-context-2d-removehitregion title=dom-context-2d-removeHitRegion><code>removeHitRegion()</code></dfn>
+ method is invoked, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">region</var> be <a href=#the-region-identified-by-the-id>the region identified by the ID</a> given by the
+ method's argument in the rendering context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>. If no such region
+ currently exists, abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the method's argument is the empty string, then no region will match.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove <var title="">region</var>, and all <a href=#hit-region title="hit region">hit regions</a> for
+ which it is an <a href=#ancestor-region>ancestor region</a>, from the rendering context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch
+ bitmap</a>'s <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a>; then, if it had a <a href="#hit-region's-parent" title="hit region's
+ parent">parent</a> region, decrement that <a href="#hit-region's-child-count">hit region's child count</a> by
+ one.</li> <!-- we garbage collect the regions below -->
+
+ <li><p><a href=#garbage-collect-the-regions>Garbage-collect the regions</a> of the rendering context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch
+ bitmap</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code><a href=#mouseevent>MouseEvent</a></code> interface is extended to support hit regions:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#mouseevent id=MouseEvent-partial>MouseEvent</a> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString? <a href=#dom-mouseevent-region title=dom-MouseEvent-region>region</a>;
+};
+
+partial dictionary <a href=#mouseeventinit>MouseEventInit</a> {
+ DOMString? region;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-MouseEvent-region><a href=#dom-mouseevent-region>region</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the mouse was over a <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a>, then this returns the <a href="#hit-region's-id">hit region's
+ ID</a>, if it has one.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, returns null.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mouseevent-region title=dom-MouseEvent-region><code>region</code></dfn> attribute on
+ <code><a href=#mouseevent>MouseEvent</a></code> objects must return the value it was initialised to. When the object is
+ created, this attribute must be initialised to null. It represents the <a href="#hit-region's-id">hit region's
+ ID</a> if the mouse was over a hit region when the event was fired.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#mouseevent>MouseEvent</a></code> is to be fired at a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element by the user
+ agent in response to a pointing device action other than a click (e.g. a <code title=event-mousedown><a href=#event-mousedown>mousedown</a></code> event or a <code title=event-mousemove><a href=#event-mousemove>mousemove</a></code> event), the user agent must run the <a href=#canvas-mouseevent-rerouting-steps>canvas
+ <code>MouseEvent</code> rerouting steps</a> immediately prior to dispatching the event<!--
+ interaction event spec point -->. This does not affect default actions (so for instance, if the
+ event gets rerouted to an element that has a default action for <code title=event-mousemove><a href=#event-mousemove>mousemove</a></code> events, this default action doesn't trigger<!-- this
+ would be significantly more obvious if there was a real spec defining how mouse events trigger
+ that we could actually properly hook into -->).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Actual clicks are handled by the <a href=#run-authentic-click-activation-steps>run authentic click activation
+ steps</a>, which also invoke these steps.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=canvas-mouseevent-rerouting-steps>canvas <code>MouseEvent</code> rerouting steps</dfn> are as follows. If these steps
+ say to <i>act as normal</i>, that means that the event must be fired as it would have had these
+ requirements not been applied.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the pointing device is not indicating a pixel on the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>, then act as
+ normal and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element has no <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a>, then act as normal
+ and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">pixel</var> be the pixel indicated by the pointing device.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">region</var> be the <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> that is <a href=#the-region-for-a-pixel title="the
+ region for a pixel">the region for the pixel</a> <var title="">pixel</var> on this
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's bitmap, if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is no <var title="">region</var>, then act as normal and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">id</var> be the <var title="">region</var>'s <a href="#hit-region's-id" title="hit region's
+ ID">ID</a>, if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is an <var title="">id</var>, then initialise the event object's <code title=dom-MouseEvent-region><a href=#dom-mouseevent-region>region</a></code> attribute to <var title="">id</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">control</var> be the <a href=#the-control-represented-by-a-region title="the control represented by a
+ region">control represented by</a> <var title="">region</var> for this <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>
+ element, if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a <var title="">control</var>, then target the event object at <var title="">control</var> instead of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Continue dispatching the event, but with the updated event object and target as given in
+ the above steps.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr></div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#touch>Touch</a></code> interface is extended to support hit regions also: <a href=#refsTOUCH>[TOUCH]</a></p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#touch id=Touch-partial>Touch</a> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString? <a href=#dom-touch-region title=dom-Touch-region>region</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">touch</var> . <code title=dom-Touch-region><a href=#dom-touch-region>region</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#touch-point>touch point</a> was over a <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> when it was first placed
+ on the surface, then this returns the <a href="#hit-region's-id">hit region's ID</a>, if it has one.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, returns null.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-touch-region title=dom-Touch-region><code>region</code></dfn> attribute on a <code><a href=#touch>Touch</a></code>
+ object representing a <a href=#touch-point>touch point</a> <var title="">T</var> must return the value
+ obtained by running the following algorithm when <var title="">T</var> was first placed on the
+ surface: <a href=#refsTOUCH>[TOUCH]</a></p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#touch-point>touch point</a> is not on a pixel on the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>, then return
+ null and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element has no <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a>, then return null
+ and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">pixel</var> be the pixel that the <a href=#touch-point>touch point</a> is
+ on.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">region</var> be the <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> that is <a href=#the-region-for-a-pixel title="the
+ region for a pixel">the region for the pixel</a> <var title="">pixel</var> on this
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's bitmap, if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is no <var title="">region</var>, then return null and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">id</var> be the <var title="">region</var>'s <a href="#hit-region's-id" title="hit region's
+ ID">ID</a>, if any, or else null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">id</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>When a user's pointing device cursor is positioned over a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, user
+ agents should render the pointing device cursor according to the cursor specification described by
+ <a href=#the-cursor-for-a-hit-region title="the cursor for a hit region">the cursor for the hit region</a> that is <a href=#the-region-for-a-pixel title="the region for a pixel">the region for the pixel</a> that the pointing device designates
+ on the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's bitmap.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>User agents are encouraged to make use of the information present in a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>
+ element's <a href=#hit-region-list>hit region list</a> to improve the accessibility of <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>
+ elements.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> should be handled in a fashion equivalent to a node in a virtual
+ DOM tree rooted at the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element. The hierarchy of this virtual DOM tree must
+ match the hierarchy of the <a href=#hit-region title="hit region">hit regions</a>, as described by the <a href="#hit-region's-parent" title="hit region's parent">parent</a> of each region. Regions without a <a href="#hit-region's-parent" title="hit
+ region's parent">parent</a> must be treated as children of the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element for
+ the purpose of this virtual DOM tree. For each node in such a DOM tree, the <a href="#hit-region's-bounding-circumference">hit region's
+ bounding circumference</a> gives the region of the screen to use when representing the node (if
+ appropriate).</p>
+
+ <p>The semantics of a <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> for the purposes of this virtual DOM tree are those
+ of the <a href=#the-control-represented-by-a-region title="the control represented by a region">the control represented by the
+ region</a>, if it has one, or else of a non-interactive element whose ARIA role, if any, is
+ that given by the <a href="#hit-region's-aria-role">hit region's ARIA role</a>, and whose textual representation, if any,
+ is given by the <a href="#hit-region's-label">hit region's label</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of accessibility tools, when an element <var title="">C</var> is a descendant
+ of a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element and there is <a href=#the-region-representing-the-control title="the region representing the control">a
+ region representing the control</a> <var title="">C</var> for that <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>
+ element's bitmap, then the element's position relative to the document should be presented as if
+ it was that region in the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's virtual DOM tree.</p>
+
+ <p>The semantics of a <a href=#hit-region>hit region</a> for the purposes of this virtual DOM tree are those
+ of the <a href=#the-control-represented-by-a-region title="the control represented by a region">the control represented by the
+ region</a>, if it has one, or else of a non-interactive element whose ARIA role, if any, is
+ that given by the <a href="#hit-region's-aria-role">hit region's ARIA role</a>, and whose textual representation, if any,
+ is given by the <a href="#hit-region's-label">hit region's label</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Thus, for instance, a user agent on a touch-screen device could provide haptic
+ feedback when the user croses over a <a href="#hit-region's-bounding-circumference">hit region's bounding circumference</a>, and then
+ read the <a href="#hit-region's-label">hit region's label</a> to the user. Similarly, a desktop user agent with a
+ virtual accessibility focus separate from the keyboard input focus could allow the user to
+ navigate through the hit regions, using the virtual DOM tree described above to enable
+ hierarchical navigation. When an interactive control inside the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element
+ <a href=#gains-focus>gains focus</a>, if the control has a corresponding region, then that <a href="#hit-region's-bounding-circumference">hit region's
+ bounding circumference</a> could be used to determine what area of the display to magnify.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=pixel-manipulation><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.16 </span><dfn>Pixel manipulation</dfn></h6>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">imagedata</var> = new <code title=dom-imagedata><a href=#dom-imagedata>ImageData</a></code>(<var title="">sw</var>, <var title="">sh</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">imagedata</var> = <var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-createImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-createimagedata>createImageData</a></code>(<var title="">sw</var>, <var title="">sh</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object with the given dimensions. All the pixels in the
+ returned object are transparent black.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception if either of the width or height
+ arguments are zero.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">imagedata</var> = <var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-createImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-createimagedata>createImageData</a></code>(<var title="">imagedata</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object with the same dimensions as the argument. All the
+ pixels in the returned object are transparent black.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">imagedata</var> = new <code title=dom-imagedata><a href=#dom-imagedata>ImageData</a></code>(<var title="">data</var>, <var title="">sw</var> [, <var title="">sh</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object using the data provided in the <code><a href=#uint8clampedarray>Uint8ClampedArray</a></code> argument, interpreted using the given dimensions.</p>
+
+ <p>As each pixel in the data is represented by four numbers, the length of the data needs to be
+ a multiple of four times the given width. If the height is provided as well, then the length
+ needs to be exactly the width times the height times 4.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception if the given data and dimensions can't be
+ interpreted consistently, or if either dimension is zero.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">imagedata</var> = <var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-getImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-getimagedata>getImageData</a></code>(<var title="">sx</var>, <var title="">sy</var>, <var title="">sw</var>, <var title="">sh</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object containing the image data for the given rectangle of
+ the bitmap.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception if the either of the width or height
+ arguments are zero.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">imagedata</var> . <code title=dom-imagedata-width><a href=#dom-imagedata-width>width</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">imagedata</var> . <code title=dom-imagedata-height><a href=#dom-imagedata-height>height</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the actual dimensions of the data in the <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object, in
+ pixels.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">imagedata</var> . <code title=dom-imagedata-data><a href=#dom-imagedata-data>data</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the one-dimensional array containing the data in RGBA order, as integers in the range
+ 0 to 255.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-putImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-putimagedata>putImageData</a></code>(<var title="">imagedata</var>, <var title="">dx</var>, <var title="">dy</var> [, <var title="">dirtyX</var>, <var title="">dirtyY</var>, <var title="">dirtyWidth</var>, <var title="">dirtyHeight</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Paints the data from the given <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object onto the bitmap. If a dirty
+ rectangle is provided, only the pixels from that rectangle are painted.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha>globalAlpha</a></code> and <code title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation>globalCompositeOperation</a></code> attributes, as
+ well as the shadow attributes, are ignored for the purposes of this method call; pixels in the
+ canvas are replaced wholesale, with no composition, alpha blending, no shadows, etc.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws a <code><a href=#notsupportederror>NotSupportedError</a></code> exception if any of the arguments are not finite.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the <var title="">imagedata</var>
+ object's data has been <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-Transferable-neutered>neutered</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-imagedata title=dom-imagedata><code>ImageData()</code></dfn> constructors and the <dfn id=dom-context-2d-createimagedata title=dom-context-2d-createImageData><code>createImageData()</code></dfn> methods are used to
+ instantiate new <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> objects.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code title=dom-imagedata><a href=#dom-imagedata>ImageData()</a></code> constructor is invoked with two
+ numeric arguments <var title="">sw</var> and <var title="">sh</var>, it must return a new
+ <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object representing a transparent black rectangle with a width equal to
+ <var title="">sw</var> and a height equal to <var title="">sh</var>, if both <var title="">sw</var> and <var title="">sh</var> are non-zero. If one or both of <var title="">sw</var> and <var title="">sh</var> are zero, then the constructor must throw an
+ <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception instead.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code title=dom-imagedata><a href=#dom-imagedata>ImageData()</a></code> constructor is invoked with its first
+ argument being an <code><a href=#uint8clampedarray>Uint8ClampedArray</a></code> <var title="">source</var> and its second and
+ (optionally) third argument(s) being numeric arguments <var title="">sw</var> and <var title="">sh</var>, it must run the following steps:
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">length</var> be the number of bytes in <var title="">source</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">length</var> is not a non-zero integral multiple of four, throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">length</var> be <var title="">length</var> divided by four.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">length</var> is not an integral multiple of <var title="">sw</var>,
+ throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>At this step, the length is guaranteed to be greater than zero (otherwise the
+ second step above would have aborted the steps), so if <var title="">sw</var> is zero, this
+ step will throw the exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">height</var> be <var title="">length</var> divided by <var title="">sw</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">sh</var> argument was not omitted, and its value is not equal to
+ <var title="">height</var>, then throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return a new <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object whose width is <var title="">sw</var>, whose
+ height is <var title="">height</var>, and whose data is <var title="">source</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The resulting object's data is not a <em>copy</em> of <var title="">source</var>, it's the actual <code><a href=#uint8clampedarray>Uint8ClampedArray</a></code> object passed as the
+ first argument to the constructor.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the <code title=dom-context-2d-createImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-createimagedata>createImageData()</a></code> method is
+ invoked with two numeric arguments <var title="">sw</var> and <var title="">sh</var>, it must
+ return a new <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object representing a transparent black rectangle with a width
+ equal to the absolute magnitude of <var title="">sw</var> and a height equal to the absolute
+ magnitude of <var title="">sh</var>, if both <var title="">sw</var> and <var title="">sh</var>
+ are non-zero. If one or both of <var title="">sw</var> and <var title="">sh</var> are zero, then
+ the constructor must throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception instead.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code title=dom-context-2d-createImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-createimagedata>createImageData()</a></code> method is
+ invoked with a single <var title="">imagedata</var> argument, it must return a new
+ <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object representing a transparent black rectangle with the same dimensions
+ as the <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object passed as the argument.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-getimagedata title=dom-context-2d-getImageData><code>getImageData(<var title="">sx</var>,
+ <var title="">sy</var>, <var title="">sw</var>, <var title="">sh</var>)</code></dfn> method must,
+ if either the <var title="">sw</var> or <var title="">sh</var> arguments are zero, throw an
+ <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception; otherwise,
+ <!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ if the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>'s <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a>
+ flag is set to false, it must throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception;
+ <!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+ otherwise, it must return an <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object with width <var title="">sw</var> and
+ height <var title="">sh</var> representing the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> for the area of that
+ bitmap denoted by the rectangle whose corners are the four points (<var title="">sx</var>, <var title="">sy</var>), (<span title=""><var title="">sx</var>+<var title="">sw</var></span>, <var title="">sy</var>), (<span title=""><var title="">sx</var>+<var title="">sw</var></span>,
+ <span title=""><var title="">sy</var>+<var title="">sh</var></span>), (<var title="">sx</var>,
+ <span title=""><var title="">sy</var>+<var title="">sh</var></span>), in the bitmap's
+ coordinate space units. Pixels outside the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> must be returned as
+ transparent black. Pixels must be returned as non-premultiplied alpha values.</p>
+
+ <p>New <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> objects must be initialised so that their <dfn id=dom-imagedata-width title=dom-imagedata-width><code>width</code></dfn> attribute is set to the number of pixels per
+ row in the image data, their <dfn id=dom-imagedata-height title=dom-imagedata-height><code>height</code></dfn>
+ attribute is set to the number of rows in the image data, and their <dfn id=dom-imagedata-data title=dom-imagedata-data><code>data</code></dfn> attribute, except where an existing array is
+ provided, is initialised to a new <code><a href=#uint8clampedarray>Uint8ClampedArray</a></code> object. The
+ <code><a href=#uint8clampedarray>Uint8ClampedArray</a></code> object must use a new <a href=#canvas-pixel-arraybuffer>Canvas Pixel
+ <code>ArrayBuffer</code></a> for its storage, and must have a zero start offset and a length
+ equal to the length of its storage, in bytes. The <a href=#canvas-pixel-arraybuffer>Canvas Pixel
+ <code>ArrayBuffer</code></a> must contain the image data. At least one pixel's worth of image
+ data must be returned. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+<!--CLEANUP-->
+ <p>A <dfn id=canvas-pixel-arraybuffer>Canvas Pixel <code>ArrayBuffer</code></dfn> is an <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> whose
+ data is represented in left-to-right order, row by row top to bottom, starting with the top left,
+ with each pixel's red, green, blue, and alpha components being given in that order for each pixel.
+ Each component of each pixel represented in this array must be in the range 0..255, representing
+ the 8 bit value for that component. The components must be assigned consecutive indices starting
+ with 0 for the top left pixel's red component. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-putimagedata title=dom-context-2d-putImageData><code>putImageData()</code></dfn> method writes
+ data from <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> structures back to the rendering context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch
+ bitmap</a>. Its arguments are: <var title="">imagedata</var>, <var title="">dx</var>, <var title="">dy</var>, <var title="">dirtyX</var>, <var title="">dirtyY</var>, <var title="">dirtyWidth</var>, and <var title="">dirtyHeight</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the last four arguments to this method are omitted, they must be assumed to have the
+ values 0, 0, the <code title=dom-imagedata-width><a href=#dom-imagedata-width>width</a></code> member of the <var title="">imagedata</var> structure, and the <code title=dom-imagedata-height><a href=#dom-imagedata-height>height</a></code>
+ member of the <var title="">imagedata</var> structure, respectively.</p>
+
+ <p>When invoked, the method must act as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">imagedata</var> argument's <code title=dom-imagedata-data><a href=#dom-imagedata-data>data</a></code> attribute has been <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-Transferable-neutered>neutered</a>, throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code>
+ exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">dirtyWidth</var> is negative, let <var title="">dirtyX</var> be <span title=""><var title="">dirtyX</var>+<var title="">dirtyWidth</var></span>, and let <var title="">dirtyWidth</var> be equal to the absolute magnitude of <var title="">dirtyWidth</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">dirtyHeight</var> is negative, let <var title="">dirtyY</var> be <span title=""><var title="">dirtyY</var>+<var title="">dirtyHeight</var></span>, and let <var title="">dirtyHeight</var> be equal to the absolute magnitude of <var title="">dirtyHeight</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">dirtyX</var> is negative, let <var title="">dirtyWidth</var> be <span title=""><var title="">dirtyWidth</var>+<var title="">dirtyX</var></span>, and let <var title="">dirtyX</var> be zero.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">dirtyY</var> is negative, let <var title="">dirtyHeight</var> be <span title=""><var title="">dirtyHeight</var>+<var title="">dirtyY</var></span>, and let <var title="">dirtyY</var> be zero.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <span title=""><var title="">dirtyX</var>+<var title="">dirtyWidth</var></span> is greater
+ than the <code title=dom-imagedata-width><a href=#dom-imagedata-width>width</a></code> attribute of the <var title="">imagedata</var> argument, let <var title="">dirtyWidth</var> be the value of that <code title=dom-imagedata-width><a href=#dom-imagedata-width>width</a></code> attribute, minus the value of <var title="">dirtyX</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <span title=""><var title="">dirtyY</var>+<var title="">dirtyHeight</var></span> is
+ greater than the <code title=dom-imagedata-height><a href=#dom-imagedata-height>height</a></code> attribute of the <var title="">imagedata</var> argument, let <var title="">dirtyHeight</var> be the value of that
+ <code title=dom-imagedata-height><a href=#dom-imagedata-height>height</a></code> attribute, minus the value of <var title="">dirtyY</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If, after those changes, either <var title="">dirtyWidth</var> or <var title="">dirtyHeight</var> is negative or zero, stop these steps without affecting any
+ bitmaps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>For all integer values of <var title="">x</var> and <var title="">y</var> where <span title=""><var title="">dirtyX</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">x</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<span title=""><var title="">dirtyX</var>+<var title="">dirtyWidth</var></span></span> and <span title=""><var title="">dirtyY</var>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<var title="">y</var>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;<span title=""><var title="">dirtyY</var>+<var title="">dirtyHeight</var></span></span>, copy the
+ four channels of the pixel with coordinate (<var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>) in
+ the <var title="">imagedata</var> data structure's <a href=#canvas-pixel-arraybuffer>Canvas Pixel
+ <code>ArrayBuffer</code></a> to the pixel with coordinate (<span title=""><var title="">dx</var>+<var title="">x</var></span>, <span title=""><var title="">dy</var>+<var title="">y</var></span>) in the rendering context's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The handling of pixel rounding when the specified coordinates are not integers is not defined
+ by this specification, except that the following must result in no visible changes to the
+ rendering:</p>
+
+ <pre>context.putImageData(context.getImageData(x, y, w, h), p, q);</pre>
+
+ <p>...for any value of <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>, <var title="">w</var>, and
+ <var title="">h</var> and where <var title="">p</var> is the smaller of <var title="">x</var>
+ and the sum of <var title="">x</var> and <var title="">w</var>, and <var title="">q</var> is
+ the smaller of <var title="">y</var> and the sum of <var title="">y</var> and <var title="">h</var>; and except that the following two calls:</p>
+
+ <pre>context.createImageData(w, h);
+context.getImageData(0, 0, w, h);</pre>
+
+ <p>...must return <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> objects with the same dimensions as each other, for any
+ value of <var title="">w</var> and <var title="">h</var>. In other words, while user agents may
+ round the arguments of these methods, any rounding performed must be performed consistently for
+ all of the methods described in this section. (The constructors only work with integer
+ values.)</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Due to the lossy nature of converting to and from premultiplied alpha color
+ values, pixels that have just been set using <code title=dom-context-2d-putImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-putimagedata>putImageData()</a></code> might be returned to an equivalent
+ <code title=dom-context-2d-getImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-getimagedata>getImageData()</a></code> as different values.</p>
+
+ <p>The current path, <a href=#transformations title=dom-context-2d-transformation>transformation matrix</a>,
+ <a href=#shadows title=shadows>shadow attributes</a>, <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha>global
+ alpha</a>, the <a href=#clipping-region>clipping region</a>, and <a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation>global composition operator</a> must not
+ affect the methods described in this section.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the script generates an <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object so that it can
+ draw onto it.</p>
+
+ <pre>// canvas is a reference to a &lt;canvas&gt; element
+var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
+
+// create a blank slate
+var data = context.createImageData(canvas.width, canvas.height);
+
+// create some plasma
+FillPlasma(data, 'green'); // green plasma
+
+// add a cloud to the plasma
+AddCloud(data, data.width/2, data.height/2); // put a cloud in the middle
+
+// paint the plasma+cloud on the canvas
+context.putImageData(data, 0, 0);
+
+// support methods
+function FillPlasma(data, color) { ... }
+function AddCloud(data, x, y) { ... }</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of using <code title=dom-context-2d-getImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-getimagedata>getImageData()</a></code> and <code title=dom-context-2d-putImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-putimagedata>putImageData()</a></code> to implement an edge detection
+ filter.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Edge detection demo&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ var image = new Image();
+ function init() {
+ image.onload = demo;
+ image.src = "image.jpeg";
+ }
+ function demo() {
+ var canvas = document.getElementsByTagName('canvas')[0];
+ var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
+
+ // draw the image onto the canvas
+ context.drawImage(image, 0, 0);
+
+ // get the image data to manipulate
+ var input = context.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
+
+ // get an empty slate to put the data into
+ var output = context.createImageData(canvas.width, canvas.height);
+
+ // alias some variables for convenience
+ // notice that we are using input.width and input.height here
+ // as they might not be the same as canvas.width and canvas.height
+ // (in particular, they might be different on high-res displays)
+ var w = input.width, h = input.height;
+ var inputData = input.data;
+ var outputData = output.data;
+
+ // edge detection
+ for (var y = 1; y &lt; h-1; y += 1) {
+ for (var x = 1; x &lt; w-1; x += 1) {
+ for (var c = 0; c &lt; 3; c += 1) {
+ var i = (y*w + x)*4 + c;
+ outputData[i] = 127 + -inputData[i - w*4 - 4] - inputData[i - w*4] - inputData[i - w*4 + 4] +
+ -inputData[i - 4] + 8*inputData[i] - inputData[i + 4] +
+ -inputData[i + w*4 - 4] - inputData[i + w*4] - inputData[i + w*4 + 4];
+ }
+ outputData[(y*w + x)*4 + 3] = 255; // alpha
+ }
+ }
+
+ // put the image data back after manipulation
+ context.putImageData(output, 0, 0);
+ }
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body onload="init()"&gt;
+ &lt;canvas&gt;&lt;/canvas&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=compositing><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.17 </span>Compositing</h6>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha>globalAlpha</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current alpha value applied to rendering operations.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the alpha value. Values outside of the range 0.0 .. 1.0 are
+ ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation>globalCompositeOperation</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current composition operation, from the values defined in the Compositing and
+ Blending specification. <a href=#refsCOMPOSITE>[COMPOSITE]</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the composition operation. Unknown values are ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>All drawing operations are affected by the global compositing attributes, <code title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha>globalAlpha</a></code> and <code title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation>globalCompositeOperation</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <!-- conformance criteria for painting are described in the "drawing model" section below -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-globalalpha title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha><code>globalAlpha</code></dfn> attribute gives an
+ alpha value that is applied to shapes and images before they are composited onto the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch
+ bitmap</a>. The value must be in the range from 0.0 (fully transparent) to 1.0 (no additional
+ transparency). If an attempt is made to set the attribute to a value outside this range, including
+ Infinity and Not-a-Number (NaN) values, the attribute must retain its previous value. When the
+ context is created, the <code title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha>globalAlpha</a></code> attribute must
+ initially have the value 1.0.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation><code>globalCompositeOperation</code></dfn>
+ attribute sets the current composition operator, which controls how shapes and images are drawn
+ onto the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>, once they have had <code title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha>globalAlpha</a></code> and the current transformation matrix
+ applied. The possible values are those defined in the Compositing and Blending specification. <a href=#refsCOMPOSITE>[COMPOSITE]</a></p>
+
+ <p>These values are all case-sensitive &mdash; they must be used exactly as defined. User agents
+ must not recognise values that are not a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for one of the values
+ given in the Compositing and Blending specification. <a href=#refsCOMPOSITE>[COMPOSITE]</a></p>
+
+ <p>On setting, if the user agent does not recognise the specified value, it must be ignored,
+ leaving the value of <code title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation>globalCompositeOperation</a></code> unaffected.
+ Otherwise, the attribute must be set to the given new value.</p>
+
+ <p>When the context is created, the <code title=dom-context-2d-globalCompositeOperation><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalcompositeoperation>globalCompositeOperation</a></code> attribute must
+ initially have the value <code>source-over</code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=image-smoothing><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.18 </span>Image smoothing</h6>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-imageSmoothingEnabled><a href=#dom-context-2d-imagesmoothingenabled>imageSmoothingEnabled</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns whether pattern fills and the <code title=dom-context-2d-drawImage><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawimage>drawImage()</a></code> method will attempt to smooth images if
+ their pixels don't line up exactly with the display, when scaling images up.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change whether images are smoothed (true) or not (false).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-imagesmoothingenabled title=dom-context-2d-imageSmoothingEnabled><code>imageSmoothingEnabled</code></dfn>
+ attribute, on getting, must return the last value it was set to. On setting, it must be set to the
+ new value. When the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object is created, the attribute must be
+ set to true.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h6 id=shadows><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.19 </span><dfn>Shadows</dfn></h6>
+
+ <p>All drawing operations are affected by the four global shadow attributes.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowColor><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowcolor>shadowColor</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current shadow color.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the shadow color. Values that cannot be parsed as CSS colors are ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowOffsetX><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowoffsetx>shadowOffsetX</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowOffsetY><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowoffsety>shadowOffsetY</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current shadow offset.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the shadow offset. Values that are not finite numbers are ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">context</var> . <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowBlur><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowblur>shadowBlur</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current level of blur applied to shadows.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the blur level. Values that are not finite numbers greater than or
+ equal to zero are ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-shadowcolor title=dom-context-2d-shadowColor><code>shadowColor</code></dfn> attribute sets the
+ color of the shadow.</p>
+
+ <p>When the context is created, the <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowColor><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowcolor>shadowColor</a></code>
+ attribute initially must be fully-transparent black.</p>
+
+ <p>On getting, the <a href=#serialization-of-a-color title="serialization of a color">serialization of the color</a> must
+ be returned.</p>
+
+ <p>On setting, the new value must be <a href=#parsed-as-a-css-color-value>parsed as a CSS &lt;color&gt; value</a> and the
+ color assigned. If the value cannot be parsed as a CSS &lt;color&gt; value then it must be
+ ignored, and the attribute must retain its previous value. <a href=#refsCSSCOLOR>[CSSCOLOR]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-shadowoffsetx title=dom-context-2d-shadowOffsetX><code>shadowOffsetX</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-context-2d-shadowoffsety title=dom-context-2d-shadowOffsetY><code>shadowOffsetY</code></dfn> attributes specify the
+ distance that the shadow will be offset in the positive horizontal and positive vertical distance
+ respectively. Their values are in coordinate space units. They are not affected by the current
+ transformation matrix.</p>
+
+ <p>When the context is created, the shadow offset attributes must initially have the value
+ <code>0</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>On getting, they must return their current value. On setting, the attribute being set must be
+ set to the new value, except if the value is infinite or NaN, in which case the new value must be
+ ignored.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-context-2d-shadowblur title=dom-context-2d-shadowBlur><code>shadowBlur</code></dfn> attribute specifies
+ the level of the blurring effect. (The units do not map to coordinate space units, and are not
+ affected by the current transformation matrix.)</p>
+
+ <p>When the context is created, the <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowBlur><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowblur>shadowBlur</a></code>
+ attribute must initially have the value <code>0</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>On getting, the attribute must return its current value. On setting the attribute must be set
+ to the new value, except if the value is negative, infinite or NaN, in which case the new value
+ must be ignored.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=when-shadows-are-drawn title="when shadows are drawn">Shadows are only drawn if</dfn> the opacity component of
+ the alpha component of the color of <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowColor><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowcolor>shadowColor</a></code> is
+ non-zero and either the <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowBlur><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowblur>shadowBlur</a></code> is non-zero, or
+ the <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowOffsetX><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowoffsetx>shadowOffsetX</a></code> is non-zero, or the <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowOffsetY><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowoffsety>shadowOffsetY</a></code> is non-zero.</p>
+
+ <p class=critical>It is likely that this will change: browser vendors have indicated an interest
+ in changing the processing model for shadows such that they only draw when the composition
+ operator is "source-over" (the default). <a href=http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2011-May/thread.html#31457>Read
+ more...</a></p>
+
+ <p><a href=#when-shadows-are-drawn>When shadows are drawn</a>, they must be rendered as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">A</var> be an infinite transparent black bitmap on which the source
+ image for which a shadow is being created has been rendered.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">B</var> be an infinite transparent black bitmap, with a coordinate
+ space and an origin identical to <var title="">A</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Copy the alpha channel of <var title="">A</var> to <var title="">B</var>, offset by <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowOffsetX><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowoffsetx>shadowOffsetX</a></code> in the positive <var title="">x</var>
+ direction, and <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowOffsetY><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowoffsety>shadowOffsetY</a></code> in the positive
+ <var title="">y</var> direction.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowBlur><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowblur>shadowBlur</a></code> is greater than 0:</p>
+
+ <ol><li> <p>Let <var title="">&sigma;</var> be half the value of <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowBlur><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowblur>shadowBlur</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li> <p>Perform a 2D Gaussian Blur on <var title="">B</var>, using <var title="">&sigma;</var>
+ as the standard deviation.</p> <!-- wish i could find a reference for this --> </li>
+
+ </ol><p>User agents may limit values of <var title="">&sigma;</var> to an implementation-specific
+ maximum value to avoid exceeding hardware limitations during the Gaussian blur operation.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the red, green, and blue components of every pixel in <var title="">B</var> to the
+ red, green, and blue components (respectively) of the color of <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowColor><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowcolor>shadowColor</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Multiply the alpha component of every pixel in <var title="">B</var> by the alpha
+ component of the color of <code title=dom-context-2d-shadowColor><a href=#dom-context-2d-shadowcolor>shadowColor</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The shadow is in the bitmap <var title="">B</var>, and is rendered as part of the
+ <a href=#drawing-model>drawing model</a> described below.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p>If the current composition operation is <code title=gcop-copy>copy</code>, shadows
+ effectively won't render (since the shape will overwrite the shadow).</p>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h6 id=drawing-model><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.20 </span><dfn>Drawing model</dfn></h6>
+
+ <p>When a shape or image is painted, user agents must follow these steps, in the order given (or
+ act as if they do):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Render the shape or image onto an infinite transparent black bitmap, creating image <var title="">A</var>, as described in the previous sections. For shapes, the current fill, stroke,
+ and line styles must be honored, and the stroke must itself also be subjected to the current
+ transformation matrix.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#when-shadows-are-drawn>When shadows are drawn</a>, render the shadow from image <var title="">A</var>,
+ using the current shadow styles, creating image <var title="">B</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#when-shadows-are-drawn>When shadows are drawn</a>, multiply the alpha component of every pixel in <var title="">B</var> by <code title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha>globalAlpha</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#when-shadows-are-drawn>When shadows are drawn</a>, composite <var title="">B</var> within the
+ <a href=#clipping-region>clipping region</a> over the current <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> using the current
+ composition operator.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Multiply the alpha component of every pixel in <var title="">A</var> by <code title=dom-context-2d-globalAlpha><a href=#dom-context-2d-globalalpha>globalAlpha</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Composite <var title="">A</var> within the <a href=#clipping-region>clipping region</a> over the current
+ <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> using the current composition operator.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When compositing onto the <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>, pixels that would fall outside of the
+ <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> must be discarded.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=best-practices><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.21 </span>Best practices</h6>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>When a canvas is interactive, authors should include focusable elements in the element's
+ fallback content corresponding to each focusable part of the canvas, as in the <a href=#drawCustomFocusRingExample>example above</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>To expose text and interactive content on a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> to users of accessibility
+ tools, authors should use the <code title=dom-context-2d-addHitRegion><a href=#dom-context-2d-addhitregion>addHitRegion()</a></code>
+ API. When rendering focus rings, to ensure that focus rings have the appearance of native focus
+ rings, authors should use the <code title=dom-context-2d-drawSystemFocusRing><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawsystemfocusring>drawSystemFocusRing()</a></code> method, passing it the
+ element for which a ring is being drawn. This method only draws the focus ring if the element is
+ <a href=#focused>focused</a>, so that it can simply be called whenever drawing the element, without
+ checking whether the element is focused or not first.</p>
+
+ <p id=no-text-editing-in-canvas-please>Authors should avoid implementing text editing controls
+ using the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element. Doing so has a large number of disadvantages:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>Mouse placement of the caret has to be reimplemented.</li>
+
+ <li>Keyboard movement of the caret has to be reimplemented (possibly across lines, for multiline
+ text input).</li>
+
+ <li>Scrolling of the text field has to be implemented (horizontally for long lines, vertically
+ for multiline input).</li>
+
+ <li>Native features such as copy-and-paste have to be reimplemented.</li>
+
+ <li>Native features such as spell-checking have to be reimplemented.</li>
+
+ <li>Native features such as drag-and-drop have to be reimplemented.</li>
+
+ <li>Native features such as page-wide text search have to be reimplemented.</li>
+
+ <li>Native features specific to the user, for example custom text services, have to be
+ reimplemented. This is close to impossible since each user might have different services
+ installed, and there is an unbounded set of possible such services.</li>
+
+ <li>Bidirectional text editing has to be reimplemented.</li>
+
+ <li>For multiline text editing, line wrapping has to be implemented for all relevant
+ languages.</li>
+
+ <li>Text selection has to be reimplemented.</li>
+
+ <li>Dragging of bidirectional text selections has to be reimplemented.</li>
+
+ <li>Platform-native keyboard shortcuts have to be reimplemented.</li>
+
+ <li>Platform-native input method editors (IMEs) have to be reimplemented.</li>
+
+ <li>Undo and redo functionality has to be reimplemented.</li>
+
+ <li>Accessibility features such as magnification following the caret or selection have to be
+ reimplemented.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>This is a huge amount of work, and authors are most strongly encouraged to avoid doing any of
+ it by instead using the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element, the <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element, or the
+ <code title=attr-contenteditable><a href=#attr-contenteditable>contenteditable</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=examples><span class=secno>4.12.4.2.22 </span>Examples</h6>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of a script that uses canvas to draw <a href="data:text/html;charset=utf-8;base64,PCFET0NUWVBFIEhUTUw%2BDQo8aHRtbCBsYW5nPSJlbiI%2BDQogPGhlYWQ%2BDQogIDx0aXRsZT5QcmV0dHkgR2xvd2luZyBMaW5lczwvdGl0bGU%2BDQogPC9oZWFkPg0KIDxib2R5Pg0KPGNhbnZhcyB3aWR0aD0iODAwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjQ1MCI%2BPC9jYW52YXM%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%2BDQogPC9ib2R5Pg0KPC9odG1sPg0K">pretty glowing lines</a>.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;canvas width="800" height="450"&gt;&lt;/canvas&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+
+ var context = document.getElementsByTagName('canvas')[0].getContext('2d');
+
+ var lastX = context.canvas.width * Math.random();
+ var lastY = context.canvas.height * Math.random();
+ var hue = 0;
+ function line() {
+ context.save();
+ context.translate(context.canvas.width/2, context.canvas.height/2);
+ context.scale(0.9, 0.9);
+ context.translate(-context.canvas.width/2, -context.canvas.height/2);
+ context.beginPath();
+ context.lineWidth = 5 + Math.random() * 10;
+ context.moveTo(lastX, lastY);
+ lastX = context.canvas.width * Math.random();
+ lastY = context.canvas.height * Math.random();
+ context.bezierCurveTo(context.canvas.width * Math.random(),
+ context.canvas.height * Math.random(),
+ context.canvas.width * Math.random(),
+ context.canvas.height * Math.random(),
+ lastX, lastY);
+
+ hue = hue + 10 * Math.random();
+ context.strokeStyle = 'hsl(' + hue + ', 50%, 50%)';
+ context.shadowColor = 'white';
+ context.shadowBlur = 10;
+ context.stroke();
+ context.restore();
+ }
+ setInterval(line, 50);
+
+ function blank() {
+ context.fillStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0.1)';
+ context.fillRect(0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height);
+ }
+ setInterval(blank, 40);
+
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The 2D rendering context for <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> is often used for sprite-based games. The
+ following example demonstrates this:</p>
+
+ <iframe src=/demos/canvas/blue-robot/index-idle.html width=396 height=216></iframe>
+
+ <p>Here is the source for this example:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Blue Robot Demo&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;base href="http://www.whatwg.org/demos/canvas/blue-robot/"&gt;
+&lt;style&gt;
+ html { overflow: hidden; min-height: 200px; min-width: 380px; }
+ body { height: 200px; position: relative; margin: 8px; }
+ .buttons { position: absolute; bottom: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 4px; }
+&lt;/style&gt;
+&lt;canvas width="380" height="200"&gt;&lt;/canvas&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var Landscape = function (context, width, height) {
+ this.offset = 0;
+ this.width = width;
+ this.advance = function (dx) {
+ this.offset += dx;
+ };
+ this.horizon = height * 0.7;
+ // This creates the sky gradient (from a darker blue to white at the bottom)
+ this.sky = context.createLinearGradient(0, 0, 0, this.horizon);
+ this.sky.addColorStop(0.0, 'rgb(55,121,179)');
+ this.sky.addColorStop(0.7, 'rgb(121,194,245)');
+ this.sky.addColorStop(1.0, 'rgb(164,200,214)');
+ // this creates the grass gradient (from a darker green to a lighter green)
+ this.earth = context.createLinearGradient(0, this.horizon, 0, height);
+ this.earth.addColorStop(0.0, 'rgb(81,140,20)');
+ this.earth.addColorStop(1.0, 'rgb(123,177,57)');
+ this.paintBackground = function (context, width, height) {
+ // first, paint the sky and grass rectangles
+ context.fillStyle = this.sky;
+ context.fillRect(0, 0, width, this.horizon);
+ context.fillStyle = this.earth;
+ context.fillRect(0, this.horizon, width, height-this.horizon);
+ // then, draw the cloudy banner
+ // we make it cloudy by having the draw text off the top of the
+ // canvas, and just having the blurred shadow shown on the canvas
+ context.save();
+ context.translate(width-((this.offset+(this.width*3.2)) % (this.width*4.0))+0, 0);
+ context.shadowColor = 'white';
+ context.shadowOffsetY = 30+this.horizon/3; // offset down on canvas
+ context.shadowBlur = '5';
+ context.fillStyle = 'white';
+ context.textAlign = 'left';
+ context.textBaseline = 'top';
+ context.font = '20px sans-serif';
+ context.fillText('WHATWG ROCKS', 10, -30); // text up above canvas
+ context.restore();
+ // then, draw the background tree
+ context.save();
+ context.translate(width-((this.offset+(this.width*0.2)) % (this.width*1.5))+30, 0);
+ context.beginPath();
+ context.fillStyle = 'rgb(143,89,2)';
+ context.lineStyle = 'rgb(10,10,10)';
+ context.lineWidth = 2;
+ context.rect(0, this.horizon+5, 10, -50); // trunk
+ context.fill();
+ context.stroke();
+ context.beginPath();
+ context.fillStyle = 'rgb(78,154,6)';
+ context.arc(5, this.horizon-60, 30, 0, Math.PI*2); // leaves
+ context.fill();
+ context.stroke();
+ context.restore();
+ };
+ this.paintForeground = function (context, width, height) {
+ // draw the box that goes in front
+ context.save();
+ context.translate(width-((this.offset+(this.width*0.7)) % (this.width*1.1))+0, 0);
+ context.beginPath();
+ context.rect(0, this.horizon - 5, 25, 25);
+ context.fillStyle = 'rgb(220,154,94)';
+ context.lineStyle = 'rgb(10,10,10)';
+ context.lineWidth = 2;
+ context.fill();
+ context.stroke();
+ context.restore();
+ };
+ };
+&lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var BlueRobot = function () {
+ this.sprites = new Image();
+ this.sprites.src = 'blue-robot.png'; // this sprite sheet has 8 cells
+ this.targetMode = 'idle';
+ this.walk = function () {
+ this.targetMode = 'walk';
+ };
+ this.stop = function () {
+ this.targetMode = 'idle';
+ };
+ this.frameIndex = {
+ 'idle': [0], // first cell is the idle frame
+ 'walk': [1,2,3,4,5,6], // the walking animation is cells 1-6
+ 'stop': [7], // last cell is the stopping animation
+ };
+ this.mode = 'idle';
+ this.frame = 0; // index into frameIndex
+ this.tick = function () {
+ // this advances the frame and the robot
+ // the return value is how many pixels the robot has moved
+ this.frame += 1;
+ if (this.frame &gt;= this.frameIndex[this.mode].length) {
+ // we've reached the end of this animation cycle
+ this.frame = 0;
+ if (this.mode != this.targetMode) {
+ // switch to next cycle
+ if (this.mode == 'walk') {
+ // we need to stop walking before we decide what to do next
+ this.mode = 'stop';
+ } else if (this.mode == 'stop') {
+ if (this.targetMode == 'walk')
+ this.mode = 'walk';
+ else
+ this.mode = 'idle';
+ } else if (this.mode == 'idle') {
+ if (this.targetMode == 'walk')
+ this.mode = 'walk';
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (this.mode == 'walk')
+ return 8;
+ return 0;
+ },
+ this.paint = function (context, x, y) {
+ if (!this.sprites.complete) return;
+ // draw the right frame out of the sprite sheet onto the canvas
+ // we assume each frame is as high as the sprite sheet
+ // the x,y coordinates give the position of the bottom center of the sprite
+ context.drawImage(this.sprites,
+ this.frameIndex[this.mode][this.frame] * this.sprites.height, 0, this.sprites.height, this.sprites.height,
+ x-this.sprites.height/2, y-this.sprites.height, this.sprites.height, this.sprites.height);
+ };
+ };
+&lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var canvas = document.getElementsByTagName('canvas')[0];
+ var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
+ var landscape = new Landscape(context, canvas.width, canvas.height);
+ var blueRobot = new BlueRobot();
+ // paint when the browser wants us to, using requestAnimationFrame()
+ function paint() {
+ context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
+ landscape.paintBackground(context, canvas.width, canvas.height);
+ blueRobot.paint(context, canvas.width/2, landscape.horizon*1.1);
+ landscape.paintForeground(context, canvas.width, canvas.height);
+ requestAnimationFrame(paint);
+ }
+ paint();
+ // but tick every 150ms, so that we don't slow down when we don't paint
+ setInterval(function () {
+ var dx = blueRobot.tick();
+ landscape.advance(dx);
+ }, 100);
+&lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;p class="buttons"&gt;
+ &lt;input type=button value="Walk" onclick="blueRobot.walk()"&gt;
+ &lt;input type=button value="Stop" onclick="blueRobot.stop()"&gt;
+&lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;small&gt; Blue Robot Player Sprite by &lt;a href="http://johncolburn.deviantart.com/"&gt;JohnColburn&lt;/a&gt;.
+ Licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 3.0 Unported license.&lt;/small&gt;
+ &lt;small&gt; This work is itself licensed under a &lt;a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"&gt;Creative
+ Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/small&gt;
+&lt;/footer&gt;
+</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=color-spaces-and-color-correction><span class=secno>4.12.4.3 </span>Color spaces and color correction</h5>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> APIs must perform color correction at only two points: when rendering
+ images with their own gamma correction and color space information onto a bitmap, to convert the
+ image to the color space used by the bitmaps (e.g. using the 2D Context's <code title=dom-context-2d-drawImage><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawimage>drawImage()</a></code> method with an <code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code>
+ object), and when rendering the actual canvas bitmap to the output device.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Thus, in the 2D context, colors used to draw shapes onto the canvas will exactly
+ match colors obtained through the <code title=dom-context-2d-getImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-getimagedata>getImageData()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-canvas-toDataURL><a href=#dom-canvas-todataurl>toDataURL()</a></code> method must not include color space
+ information in the resources they return. Where the output format allows it, the color of pixels
+ in resources created by <code title=dom-canvas-toDataURL><a href=#dom-canvas-todataurl>toDataURL()</a></code> must match those
+ returned by the <code title=dom-context-2d-getImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-getimagedata>getImageData()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ <p>In user agents that support CSS, the color space used by a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element must
+ match the color space used for processing any colors for that element in CSS.</p>
+
+ <p>The gamma correction and color space information of images must be handled in such a way that
+ an image rendered directly using an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element would use the same colors as one
+ painted on a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element that is then itself rendered. Furthermore, the rendering
+ of images that have no color correction information (such as those returned by the <code title=dom-canvas-toDataURL><a href=#dom-canvas-todataurl>toDataURL()</a></code> method) must be rendered with no color
+ correction.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Thus, in the 2D context, calling the <code title=dom-context-2d-drawImage><a href=#dom-context-2d-drawimage>drawImage()</a></code> method to render the output of the <code title=dom-canvas-toDataURL><a href=#dom-canvas-todataurl>toDataURL()</a></code> method to the canvas, given the appropriate
+ dimensions, has no visible effect.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=serializing-bitmaps-to-a-file><span class=secno>4.12.4.4 </span>Serializing bitmaps to a file</h5>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to create <dfn id=a-serialization-of-the-bitmap-as-a-file>a serialization of the bitmap as a file</dfn>, optionally
+ with some given <var title="">arguments</var>, and optionally with a <var title="">native</var>
+ flag set, it must create an image file in the format given by the first value of <var title="">arguments</var>, or, if there are no <var title="">arguments</var>, in the PNG format. <a href=#refsPNG>[PNG]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">native</var> flag is set, or if the bitmap has one pixel per coordinate
+ space unit, then the image file must have the same pixel data (before compression, if applicable)
+ as the bitmap, and if the file format used supports encoding resolution metadata, the resolution
+ of that bitmap (device pixels per coordinate space units being interpreted as image pixels per CSS
+ pixel) must be given as well.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the image file's pixel data must be the bitmap's pixel data scaled to one image
+ pixel per coordinate space unit, and if the file format used supports encoding resolution
+ metadata, the resolution must be given as 96dpi (one image pixel per CSS pixel).</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">arguments</var> is not empty, the first value must be interpreted as a <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME type</a> giving the format to use. If the type has any parameters, it
+ must be treated as not supported.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, the value "<code>image/png</code>" would mean to generate a PNG
+ image, the value "<code>image/jpeg</code>" would mean to generate a JPEG image, and the value
+ "<code>image/svg+xml</code>" would mean to generate an SVG image (which would require that the
+ user agent track how the bitmap was generated, an unlikely, though potentially awesome,
+ feature).</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must support PNG ("<code>image/png</code>"). User agents may support other types.
+ If the user agent does not support the requested type, it must create the file using the PNG
+ format. <a href=#refsPNG>[PNG]</a></p>
+
+ <p>User agents must <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase title="converted to ASCII lowercase">convert the provided type to ASCII
+ lowercase</a> before establishing if they support that type.</p>
+
+ <p>For image types that do not support an alpha channel, the serialised image must be the bitmap
+ image composited onto a solid black background using the source-over operator.</p>
+
+ <p>If the first argument in <var title="">arguments</var> gives a type corresponding to one of the
+ types given in the first column of the following table, and the user agent supports that type,
+ then the subsequent arguments, if any, must be treated as described in the second cell of that
+ row.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <table id=canvas-serialization-arguments><caption>Arguments for serialization methods</caption>
+ <thead><tr><th> Type <th> Other arguments <th> Reference
+ <tbody><tr><td> <code>image/jpeg</code>
+ <td> The second argument<span class=impl>, if it</span> is a number in the range 0.0 to 1.0
+ inclusive<span class=impl>, must be</span> treated as the desired quality level. <span class=impl>If it is not a number or is outside that range, the user agent must use its
+ default value, as if the argument had been omitted.</span>
+ <td> <a href=#refsJPEG>[JPEG]</a>
+ </table><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of these rules, an argument is considered to be a number if it is converted to
+ an IDL double value by the rules for handling arguments of type <code title="">any</code> in the
+ Web IDL specification. <a href=#refsWEBIDL>[WEBIDL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Other arguments must be ignored and must not cause the user agent to throw an exception. A
+ future version of this specification will probably define other parameters to be passed to these
+ methods to allow authors to more carefully control compression settings, image metadata, etc.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=security-with-canvas-elements><span class=secno>4.12.4.5 </span>Security with <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> elements</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p><strong>Information leakage</strong> can occur if scripts from one <a href=#origin>origin</a> can
+ access information (e.g. read pixels) from images from another origin (one that isn't the <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>To mitigate this, bitmaps used with <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> elements are defined to have a flag
+ indicating whether they are <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a>. All
+ bitmaps start with their <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> set to
+ true. The flag is set to false when cross-origin images or fonts are used.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-canvas-toDataURL><a href=#dom-canvas-todataurl>toDataURL()</a></code>, <code title=dom-canvas-toBlob><a href=#dom-canvas-toblob>toBlob()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-context-2d-getImageData><a href=#dom-context-2d-getimagedata>getImageData()</a></code> methods check the flag and will
+ throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception rather than leak cross-origin data.</p>
+
+ <p>The flag can be reset in certain situations; for example, when a
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> is bound to a new <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>, the bitmap is cleared
+ and its flag reset.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+ <h3 id=common-idioms><span class=secno>4.13 </span>Common idioms without dedicated elements</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=the-main-part-of-the-content><span class=secno>4.13.1 </span>The main part of the content</h4>
+
+ <p>The main content of a page &mdash; not including headers and footers, navigation links,
+ sidebars, advertisements, and so forth &mdash; can be marked up in a variety of ways, depending on
+ the needs of the author.</p>
+
+ <p>The simplest solution is to not mark up the main content at all, and just leave it as implicit.
+ Another way to think of this is that the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements marks up the main content of
+ the page, and the bits that aren't main content are excluded through the use of more appropriate
+ elements like <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is a short Web page marked up along this minimalistic school of thought. The main content
+ is highlighted. Notice how all the <em>other</em> content in the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> is marked up
+ with elements to indicate that it's not part of the main content, in this case
+ <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt; My Toys &lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My toys&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/contact"&gt;Contact&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+<strong> &lt;p&gt;I really like my chained book and my telephone. I'm not such a
+ fan of my big ball.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Another toy I like is my mirror.&lt;/p&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&copy; copyright 2010 by the boy&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>If the main content is an independent unit of content that one could imagine syndicating
+ independently, then the <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element would be appropriate to mark up the main
+ content of the document.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The document in the previous example is here recast as a blog post:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt; The Boy Blog: My Toys &lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;The Boy Blog&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/contact"&gt;Contact&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+<strong> &lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My toys&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Published August 4th&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I really like my chained book and my telephone. I'm not such a
+ fan of my big ball.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Another toy I like is my mirror.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&copy; copyright 2010 by the boy&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>If the main content is not an independent unit of content so much as a section of a larger
+ work, for instance a chapter, then the <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> element would be appropriate to mark
+ up the main content of the document.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is the same document, but as a chapter in an online book:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt; Chapter 2: My Toys &mdash; The Book of the Boy &lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;The Book of the Boy&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;A book about boy stuff&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;/hgroup&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/"&gt;Front Page&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/toc"&gt;Table of Contents&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/c1"&gt;Chapter 1&lt;/a&gt; &mdash; &lt;a href="/c3"&gt;Chapter 3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+<strong> &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Chapter 2: My Toys&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I really like my chained book and my telephone. I'm not such a
+ fan of my big ball.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Another toy I like is my mirror.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>If neither <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> nor <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> would be appropriate, but the main
+ content still needs an explicit element, for example for styling purposes, then the
+ <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code> element can be used.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This is the same as the original example, but using <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code> for the main content
+ instead of leaving it implied:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt; My Toys &lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;style&gt;
+ body &gt; main { background: navy; color: yellow; }
+ &lt;/style&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My toys&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/"&gt;Home&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="/contact"&gt;Contact&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/nav&gt;
+<strong> &lt;main&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I really like my chained book and my telephone. I'm not such a
+ fan of my big ball.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Another toy I like is my mirror.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/main&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&copy; copyright 2010 by the boy&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=rel-up><span class=secno>4.13.2 </span>Bread crumb navigation</h4>
+
+ <p>This specification does not provide a machine-readable way of describing bread-crumb navigation
+ menus. Authors are encouraged to just use a series of links in a paragraph. The <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>
+ element can be used to mark the section containing these paragraphs as being navigation
+ blocks.</p>
+
+ <!-- If there was implementation interest, we could go back to rel="up", rel="up up", rel="up up
+ top" to programmatically indicate the actual breadcrumb structure. However, UAs and ATs don't seem
+ interested in exposing this in a useful way to users. So... -->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the current page can be reached via two paths.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;a href="/"&gt;Main&lt;/a&gt; &blacktriangleright;
+ &lt;a href="/products/"&gt;Products&lt;/a&gt; &blacktriangleright;
+ &lt;a href="/products/dishwashers/"&gt;Dishwashers&lt;/a&gt; &blacktriangleright;
+ &lt;a&gt;Second hand&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;a href="/"&gt;Main&lt;/a&gt; &blacktriangleright;
+ &lt;a href="/second-hand/"&gt;Second hand&lt;/a&gt; &blacktriangleright;
+ &lt;a&gt;Dishwashers&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/nav&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=tag-clouds><span class=secno>4.13.3 </span>Tag clouds</h4>
+
+ <p id=tag-cloud>This specification does not define any markup specifically for marking up lists
+ of keywords that apply to a group of pages (also known as <i>tag clouds</i>). In general, authors
+ are encouraged to either mark up such lists using <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> elements with explicit inline
+ counts that are then hidden and turned into a presentational effect using a style sheet, or to use
+ SVG.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, three tags are included in a short tag cloud:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;style&gt;
+@media screen, print, handheld, tv {
+ /* should be ignored by non-visual browsers */
+ .tag-cloud &gt; li &gt; span { display: none; }
+ .tag-cloud &gt; li { display: inline; }
+ .tag-cloud-1 { font-size: 0.7em; }
+ .tag-cloud-2 { font-size: 0.9em; }
+ .tag-cloud-3 { font-size: 1.1em; }
+ .tag-cloud-4 { font-size: 1.3em; }
+ .tag-cloud-5 { font-size: 1.5em; }
+}
+&lt;/style&gt;
+...
+&lt;ul class="tag-cloud"&gt;
+ &lt;li class="tag-cloud-4"&gt;&lt;a title="28 instances" href="/t/apple"&gt;apple&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span&gt;(popular)&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;li class="tag-cloud-2"&gt;&lt;a title="6 instances" href="/t/kiwi"&gt;kiwi&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span&gt;(rare)&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;li class="tag-cloud-5"&gt;&lt;a title="41 instances" href="/t/pear"&gt;pear&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span&gt;(very popular)&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/ul&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The actual frequency of each tag is given using the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code>
+ attribute. A CSS style sheet is provided to convert the markup into a cloud of differently-sized
+ words, but for user agents that do not support CSS or are not visual, the markup contains
+ annotations like "(popular)" or "(rare)" to categorise the various tags by frequency, thus
+ enabling all users to benefit from the information.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> element is used (rather than <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>) because the order is not
+ particularly important: while the list is in fact ordered alphabetically, it would convey the
+ same information if ordered by, say, the length of the tag.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=rel-tag><a href=#link-type-tag>tag</a></code> <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code>-keyword is
+ <em>not</em> used on these <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements because they do not represent tags that apply
+ to the page itself; they are just part of an index listing the tags themselves.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=conversations><span class=secno>4.13.4 </span>Conversations</h4>
+
+ <!-- http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-September/022576.html -->
+
+ <p>This specification does not define a specific element for marking up conversations, meeting
+ minutes, chat transcripts, dialogues in screenplays, instant message logs, and other situations
+ where different players take turns in discourse.</p>
+
+ <p>Instead, authors are encouraged to mark up conversations using <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> elements and
+ punctuation. Authors who need to mark the speaker for styling purposes are encouraged to use
+ <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>. Paragraphs with their text wrapped in the <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>
+ element can be used for marking up stage directions.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example demonstrates this using an extract from Abbot and Costello's famous sketch,
+ <cite>Who's on first</cite>:</p>
+
+<pre>&lt;p&gt; Costello: Look, you gotta first baseman?
+&lt;p&gt; Abbott: Certainly.
+&lt;p&gt; Costello: Who's playing first?
+&lt;p&gt; Abbott: That's right.
+&lt;p&gt; Costello becomes exasperated.
+&lt;p&gt; Costello: When you pay off the first baseman every month, who gets the money?
+&lt;p&gt; Abbott: Every dollar of it.</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following extract shows how an IM conversation log could be marked up, using the
+ <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code> element to provide Unix timestamps for each line. Note that the timestamps are
+ provided in a format that the <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element does not support, so the
+ <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code> element is used instead (namely, Unix <code title="">time_t</code> timestamps).
+ Had the author wished to mark up the data using one of the date and time formats supported by the
+ <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element, that element could have been used instead of <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code>. This
+ could be advantageous as it would allow data analysis tools to detect the timestamps
+ unambiguously, without coordination with the page author.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt; &lt;data value="1319898155"&gt;14:22&lt;/data&gt; &lt;b&gt;egof&lt;/b&gt; I'm not that nerdy, I've only seen 30% of the star trek episodes
+&lt;p&gt; &lt;data value="1319898192"&gt;14:23&lt;/data&gt; &lt;b&gt;kaj&lt;/b&gt; if you know what percentage of the star trek episodes you have seen, you are inarguably nerdy
+&lt;p&gt; &lt;data value="1319898200"&gt;14:23&lt;/data&gt; &lt;b&gt;egof&lt;/b&gt; it's unarguably
+&lt;p&gt; &lt;data value="1319898228"&gt;14:23&lt;/data&gt; &lt;i&gt;* kaj blinks&lt;/i&gt;
+&lt;p&gt; &lt;data value="1319898260"&gt;14:24&lt;/data&gt; &lt;b&gt;kaj&lt;/b&gt; you are not helping your case</pre>
+ <!-- with thanks to http://bash.org/?854262 -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>HTML does not have a good way to mark up graphs, so descriptions of interactive conversations
+ from games are more difficult to mark up. This example shows one possible convention using
+ <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> elements to list the possible responses at each point in the conversation.
+ Another option to consider is describing the conversation in the form of a DOT file, and
+ outputting the result as an SVG image to place in the document. <a href=#refsDOT>[DOT]</a></p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt; Next, you meet a fisherman. You can say one of several greetings:
+&lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; "Hello there!"
+ &lt;dd&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; He responds with "Hello, how may I help you?"; you can respond with:
+ &lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; "I would like to buy a fish."
+ &lt;dd&gt; &lt;p&gt; He sells you a fish and the conversation finishes.
+ &lt;dt&gt; "Can I borrow your boat?"
+ &lt;dd&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; He is surprised and asks "What are you offering in return?".
+ &lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; "Five gold." (if you have enough)
+ &lt;dt&gt; "Ten gold." (if you have enough)
+ &lt;dt&gt; "Fifteen gold." (if you have enough)
+ &lt;dd&gt; &lt;p&gt; He lends you his boat. The conversation ends.
+ &lt;dt&gt; "A fish." (if you have one)
+ &lt;dt&gt; "A newspaper." (if you have one)
+ &lt;dt&gt; "A pebble." (if you have one)
+ &lt;dd&gt; &lt;p&gt; "No thanks", he replies. Your conversation options
+ at this point are the same as they were after asking to borrow
+ his boat, minus any options you've suggested before.
+ &lt;/dl&gt;
+ &lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;/dl&gt;
+ &lt;/dd&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; "Vote for me in the next election!"
+ &lt;dd&gt; &lt;p&gt; He turns away. The conversation finishes.
+ &lt;dt&gt; "Sir, are you aware that your fish are running away?"
+ &lt;dd&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt; He looks at you skeptically and says "Fish cannot run, sir".
+ &lt;dl&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt; "You got me!"
+ &lt;dd&gt; &lt;p&gt; The fisherman sighs and the conversation ends.
+ &lt;dt&gt; "Only kidding."
+ &lt;dd&gt; &lt;p&gt; "Good one!" he retorts. Your conversation options at this
+ point are the same as those following "Hello there!" above.
+ &lt;dt&gt; "Oh, then what are they doing?"
+ &lt;dd&gt; &lt;p&gt; He looks at his fish, giving you an opportunity to steal
+ his boat, which you do. The conversation ends.
+ &lt;/dl&gt;
+ &lt;/dd&gt;
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In some games, conversations are simpler: each character merely has a fixed set of lines that
+ they say. In this example, a game FAQ/walkthrough lists some of the known possible responses for
+ each character:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Dialogue&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;Some characters repeat their lines in order each time you interact
+ with them, others randomly pick from amongst their lines. Those who respond in
+ order have numbered entries in the lists below.&lt;/small&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;The Shopkeeper&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;How may I help you?
+ &lt;li&gt;Fresh apples!
+ &lt;li&gt;A loaf of bread for madam?
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;The pilot&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Before the accident:
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;/li&gt;I'm about to fly out, sorry!
+ &lt;/li&gt;Sorry, I'm just waiting for flight clearance and then I'll be off!
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;After the accident:
+ &lt;ol&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;I'm about to fly out, sorry!
+ &lt;li&gt;Ok, I'm not leaving right now, my plane is being cleaned.
+ &lt;li&gt;Ok, it's not being cleaned, it needs a minor repair first.
+ &lt;li&gt;Ok, ok, stop bothering me! Truth is, I had a crash.
+ &lt;/ol&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Clan Leader&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;During the first clan meeting:
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;Hey, have you seen my daughter? I bet she's up to something nefarious again...
+ &lt;li&gt;Nice weather we're having today, eh?
+ &lt;li&gt;The name is Bailey, Jeff Bailey. How can I help you today?
+ &lt;li&gt;A glass of water? Fresh from the well!
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;After the earthquake:
+ &lt;ol&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;Everyone is safe in the shelter, we just have to put out the fire!
+ &lt;li&gt;I'll go and tell the fire brigade, you keep hosing it down!
+ &lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=footnotes><span class=secno>4.13.5 </span>Footnotes</h4>
+
+ <p>HTML does not have a dedicated mechanism for marking up footnotes. Here are the suggested
+ alternatives.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>For short inline annotations, the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute could <!--
+ SHOULD, modulo title-warning --> be used.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, two parts of a dialogue are annotated with footnote-like content using the
+ <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Customer&lt;/b&gt;: Hello! I wish to register a complaint. Hello. Miss?
+&lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Shopkeeper&lt;/b&gt;: <strong>&lt;span title="Colloquial pronunciation of 'What do you'"</strong>
+&gt;Watcha&lt;/span&gt; mean, miss?
+&lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Customer&lt;/b&gt;: Uh, I'm sorry, I have a cold. I wish to make a complaint.
+&lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Shopkeeper&lt;/b&gt;: Sorry, &lt;span <strong>title="This is, of course, a lie."</strong>&gt;we're
+closing for lunch&lt;/span&gt;.</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- search for title-warning if modifying this paragraph -->
+ <p class=note>Unfortunately, relying on the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute is
+ currently discouraged as many user agents do not expose the attribute in an accessible manner as
+ required by this specification (e.g. requiring a pointing device such as a mouse to cause a
+ tooltip to appear, which excludes keyboard-only users and touch-only users, such as anyone with a
+ modern phone or tablet).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute is used, CSS can used to
+ draw the reader's attention to the elements with the attribute.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, the following CSS places a dashed line below elements that have a <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <pre>[title] { border-bottom: thin dashed; }</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>For longer annotations, the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element should be used, pointing to an element later
+ in the document. The convention is that the contents of the link be a number in square
+ brackets.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a footnote in the dialogue links to a paragraph below the dialogue. The
+ paragraph then reciprocally links back to the dialogue, allowing the user to return to the
+ location of the footnote.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt; Announcer: Number 16: The &lt;i&gt;hand&lt;/i&gt;.
+&lt;p&gt; Interviewer: Good evening. I have with me in the studio tonight
+Mr Norman St John Polevaulter, who for the past few years has been
+contradicting people. Mr Polevaulter, why &lt;em&gt;do&lt;/em&gt; you
+contradict people?
+&lt;p&gt; Norman: I don't. &lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="#fn1" id="r1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
+&lt;p&gt; Interviewer: You told me you did!
+<em>...</em>
+&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;p id="fn1"&gt;&lt;a href="#r1"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt; This is, naturally, a lie,
+ but paradoxically if it were true he could not say so without
+ contradicting the interviewer and thus making it false.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>For side notes, longer annotations that apply to entire sections of the text rather than just
+ specific words or sentences, the <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code> element should be used.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a sidebar is given after a dialogue, giving it some context.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt; &lt;span class="speaker"&gt;Customer&lt;/span&gt;: I will not buy this record, it is scratched.
+&lt;p&gt; &lt;span class="speaker"&gt;Shopkeeper&lt;/span&gt;: I'm sorry?
+&lt;p&gt; &lt;span class="speaker"&gt;Customer&lt;/span&gt;: I will not buy this record, it is scratched.
+&lt;p&gt; &lt;span class="speaker"&gt;Shopkeeper&lt;/span&gt;: No no no, this's'a tobacconist's.
+&lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;In 1970, the British Empire lay in ruins, and foreign
+ nationalists frequented the streets &mdash; many of them Hungarians
+ (not the streets &mdash; the foreign nationals). Sadly, Alexander
+ Yalt has been publishing incompetently-written phrase books.
+&lt;/aside&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>For figures or tables, footnotes can be included in the relevant <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element, or in surrounding prose.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a <!-- round --> table has cells with footnotes that are given in prose. A
+ <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code> element is used to give a single legend to the combination of the table and
+ its footnotes.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;Table 1. Alternative activities for knights.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt; Activity
+ &lt;th&gt; Location
+ &lt;th&gt; Cost
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; Dance
+ &lt;td&gt; Wherever possible
+ &lt;td&gt; &pound;0&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="#fn1"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; Routines, chorus scenes&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="#fn2"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; Undisclosed
+ &lt;td&gt; Undisclosed
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; Dining&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="#fn3"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt; Camelot
+ &lt;td&gt; Cost of ham, jam, and spam&lt;sup&gt;&lt;a href="#fn4"&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
+ &lt;/table&gt;
+ &lt;p id="fn1"&gt;1. Assumed.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p id="fn2"&gt;2. Footwork impeccable.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p id="fn3"&gt;3. Quality described as "well".&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p id="fn4"&gt;4. A lot.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h3 id=disabled-elements><span class=secno>4.14 </span>Disabled elements</h3>
+
+ <p>An element is said to be <dfn id=concept-element-disabled title=concept-element-disabled>actually disabled</dfn> if it
+ falls into one of the following categories:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> elements that are <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements that are <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements that are <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements that are <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> elements that have a <code title=attr-optgroup-disabled><a href=#attr-optgroup-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements that are <a href=#concept-option-disabled title=concept-option-disabled>disabled</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> elements that have a <code title=attr-menuitem-disabled><a href=#attr-menuitem-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> elements that have a <code title=attr-fieldset-disabled><a href=#attr-fieldset-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>This definition is used to determine what elements <a href=#specially-focusable title="tabindex focus
+ flag">can be focused</a> and which elements match the <code title=selector-disabled><a href=#selector-disabled>:disabled</a></code> pseudo-class.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:CSS-->
+
+ <h3 id=selectors><span class=secno>4.15 </span>Matching HTML elements using selectors</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=case-sensitivity><span class=secno>4.15.1 </span>Case-sensitivity</h4>
+
+ <p>The Selectors specification leaves the case-sensitivity of element names, attribute names, and
+ attribute values to be defined by the host language. <a href=#refsSELECTORS>[SELECTORS]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The Selectors specification defines that ID and class selectors, when matched
+ against elements in documents that are in <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, will be work in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When comparing a CSS element type selector to the names of <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> in
+ <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>, the CSS element type selector must first be <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII
+ lowercase</a>. The same selector when compared to other elements must be compared according to
+ its original case. In both cases, the comparison is <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>.</p>
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2623 -->
+
+ <p>When comparing the name part of a CSS attribute selector to the names of namespace-less
+ attributes on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> in <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>, the name part of the CSS
+ attribute selector must first be <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a>. The same selector when
+ compared to other attributes must be compared according to its original case. In both cases, the
+ comparison is <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>.</p>
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2624 -->
+
+ <p>Everything else (attribute values on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>, IDs and classes in
+ <a href=#no-quirks-mode>no-quirks mode</a> and <a href=#limited-quirks-mode>limited-quirks mode</a>, and element names, attribute
+ names, and attribute values in <a href=#xml-documents>XML documents</a>) must be treated as
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> for the purposes of selector matching.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=pseudo-classes><span class=secno>4.15.2 </span>Pseudo-classes</h4>
+
+ <p>There are a number of dynamic selectors that can be used with HTML. This section defines when
+ these selectors match HTML elements. <a href=#refsSELECTORS>[SELECTORS]</a> <a href=#refsCSSUI>[CSSUI]</a></p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=selector-link title=selector-link><code>:link</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-visited title=selector-visited><code>:visited</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>All <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute, all <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute, and all <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements that have
+ an <code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>href</a></code> attribute, must match one of <code title=selector-link><a href=#selector-link>:link</a></code> and <code title=selector-visited><a href=#selector-visited>:visited</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Other specifications might apply more specific rules regarding how these elements are to
+ match these pseudo-classes, to mitigate some privacy concerns that apply with straightforward
+ implementations of this requirement.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-active title=selector-active><code>:active</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-active><a href=#selector-active>:active</a></code> pseudo-class is defined to match an element
+ <q cite=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/selectors3/#the-user-action-pseudo-classes-hover-act>while an
+ element is <i>being activated</i> by the user</q>. For the purposes of defining the <code title=selector-active><a href=#selector-active>:active</a></code> pseudo-class only, an HTML user agent must consider an
+ element as <i>being activated</i> if it is:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>
+
+ <p>An element falling into one of the following categories between the time the user begins to
+ indicate an intent to trigger the element's <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> and either the
+ time the user stops indicating an intent to trigger the element's <a href=#activation-behavior>activation
+ behavior</a>, or the time the element's <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> has finished
+ running, which ever comes first:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> elements that are not <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is
+ in the <a href="#submit-button-state-(type=submit)" title=attr-input-type-submit>Submit Button</a>, <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a>, <a href="#reset-button-state-(type=reset)" title=attr-input-type-reset>Reset
+ Button</a>, or <a href="#button-state-(type=button)" title=attr-input-type-button>Button</a> state</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> elements that do not have a <code title=attr-menuitem-disabled><a href=#attr-menuitem-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ <li>elements that have their <a href=#specially-focusable>tabindex focus flag</a> set</li>
+
+ </ul><p class=example>For example, if the user is using a keyboard to push a <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>
+ element by pressing the space bar, the element would match this pseudo-class in between the
+ time that the element received the <code title=event-keydown><a href=#event-keydown>keydown</a></code> event and the
+ time the element received the <code title=event-keyup><a href=#event-keyup>keyup</a></code> event.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>An element that the user indicates using a pointing device while that pointing device is in
+ the "down" state (e.g. for a mouse, between the time the mouse button is pressed and the time
+ it is depressed).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>An element that has a descendant that is currently matching the <code title=selector-active><a href=#selector-active>:active</a></code> pseudo-class.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-hover title=selector-hover><code>:hover</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-hover><a href=#selector-hover>:hover</a></code> pseudo-class is defined to match an element <q cite=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/selectors3/#the-user-action-pseudo-classes-hover-act>while the
+ user <i>designates</i> an element with a pointing device</q>. For the purposes of defining the
+ <code title=selector-hover><a href=#selector-hover>:hover</a></code> pseudo-class only, an HTML user agent must consider
+ an element as being one that the user <i>designates</i> if it is:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>
+
+ <p>An element that the user indicates using a pointing device.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>An element that has a descendant that the user indicates using a pointing device.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>An element that is the <a href=#labeled-control>labeled control</a> of a <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element that is
+ currently matching <a href=#selector-hover title=selector-hover>:hover</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ul><!--
+Demos:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1315
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1316
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1317
+--><div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider in particular a fragment such as:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt; &lt;label for=c&gt; &lt;input id=a&gt; &lt;/label&gt; &lt;span id=b&gt; &lt;input id=c&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>If the user designates the element with ID "<code title="">a</code>" with their pointing
+ device, then the <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element (and all its ancestors not shown in the snippet above),
+ the <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element, the element with ID "<code title="">a</code>", and the element
+ with ID "<code title="">c</code>" will match the <a href=#selector-hover title=selector-hover>:hover</a>
+ pseudo-class. The element with ID "<code title="">a</code>" matches it from condition 1, the
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> elements match it because of condition 2 (one of their
+ descendants is designated), and the element with ID "<code title="">c</code>" matches it
+ through condition 3 (its <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element matches <a href=#selector-hover title=selector-hover>:hover</a>). However, the element with ID "<code title="">b</code>"
+ does <em>not</em> match <a href=#selector-hover title=selector-hover>:hover</a>: its descendant is not
+ designated, even though it matches <a href=#selector-hover title=selector-hover>:hover</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-focus title=selector-focus><code>:focus</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of the CSS ':focus' pseudo-class, an <dfn id=element-has-the-focus>element has the focus</dfn> when
+ its <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> has the system focus, it is not itself a
+ <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a>, and it is one of the elements listed in the <a href=#focus-chain>focus
+ chain</a> of the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context title="currently focused area of a top-level browsing
+ context">currently focused area of the top-level browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-enabled title=selector-enabled><code>:enabled</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-enabled><a href=#selector-enabled>:enabled</a></code> pseudo-class must match any element
+ falling into one of the following categories:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> elements that are not <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements that are not <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements that are not <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements that are not <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> elements that do not have a <code title=attr-optgroup-disabled><a href=#attr-optgroup-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements that are not <a href=#concept-option-disabled title=concept-option-disabled>disabled</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> elements that do not have a <code title=attr-menuitem-disabled><a href=#attr-menuitem-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> elements that do not have a <code title=attr-fieldset-disabled><a href=#attr-fieldset-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-disabled title=selector-disabled><code>:disabled</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-disabled><a href=#selector-disabled>:disabled</a></code> pseudo-class must match any element that
+ is <a href=#concept-element-disabled title=concept-element-disabled>actually disabled</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-checked title=selector-checked><code>:checked</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-checked><a href=#selector-checked>:checked</a></code> pseudo-class must match any element
+ falling into one of the following categories:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state and whose <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> state is true</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> state and whose <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> state is true</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements whose <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> is true</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code> attribute
+ is in the <a href=#attr-menuitem-type-state-checkbox title=attr-menuitem-type-state-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state and that have a
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-checked><a href=#attr-menuitem-checked>checked</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code> attribute
+ is in the <a href=#attr-menuitem-type-state-radio title=attr-menuitem-type-state-radio>Radio</a> state and that have a <code title=attr-menuitem-checked><a href=#attr-menuitem-checked>checked</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-indeterminate title=selector-indeterminate><code>:indeterminate</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-indeterminate><a href=#selector-indeterminate>:indeterminate</a></code> pseudo-class must match any
+ element falling into one of the following categories:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state and whose <code title=dom-input-indeterminate><a href=#dom-input-indeterminate>indeterminate</a></code> IDL attribute is set to true</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> state and whose <a href=#radio-button-group>radio button
+ group</a> contains no <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> state is true.</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> elements with no <code title=attr-progress-value><a href=#attr-progress-value>value</a></code>
+ content attribute</li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-default title=selector-default><code>:default</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-default><a href=#selector-default>:default</a></code> pseudo-class must match any element
+ falling into one of the following categories:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> elements that are their form's <a href=#default-button>default button</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in
+ the <a href="#submit-button-state-(type=submit)" title=attr-input-type-submit>Submit Button</a> or <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, and that are their form's
+ <a href=#default-button>default button</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements to which the <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>
+ attribute applies and that have a <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>
+ attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements that have a <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code>
+ attribute</li>
+
+<!--
+ <li><code>menuitem</code> elements that have a <code
+ title="attr-menuitem-default">default</code> attribute</li>
+-->
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-valid title=selector-valid><code>:valid</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-valid><a href=#selector-valid>:valid</a></code> pseudo-class must match any element falling
+ into one of the following categories:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>elements that are <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation title="candidate for constraint validation">candidates for
+ constraint validation</a> and that <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfy their
+ constraints</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements that are not the <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> of any elements that
+ themselves are <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation title="candidate for constraint validation">candidates for constraint
+ validation</a> but do not <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfy their
+ constraints</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> elements that have no descendant elements that themselves are <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation title="candidate for constraint validation">candidates for constraint validation</a> but do
+ not <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfy their constraints</a></li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-invalid title=selector-invalid><code>:invalid</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-invalid><a href=#selector-invalid>:invalid</a></code> pseudo-class must match any element
+ falling into one of the following categories:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>elements that are <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation title="candidate for constraint validation">candidates for
+ constraint validation</a> but that do not <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfy their
+ constraints</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements that are the <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a> of one or more elements
+ that themselves are <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation title="candidate for constraint validation">candidates for constraint
+ validation</a> but do not <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfy their
+ constraints</a></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> elements that have of one or more descendant elements that themselves
+ are <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation title="candidate for constraint validation">candidates for constraint
+ validation</a> but do not <a href=#concept-fv-valid title=concept-fv-valid>satisfy their
+ constraints</a></li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-in-range title=selector-in-range><code>:in-range</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-in-range><a href=#selector-in-range>:in-range</a></code> pseudo-class must match all elements
+ that are <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation title="candidate for constraint validation">candidates for constraint
+ validation</a>, <a href=#have-range-limitations>have range limitations</a>, and that are neither <a href=#suffering-from-an-underflow>suffering
+ from an underflow</a> nor <a href=#suffering-from-an-overflow>suffering from an overflow</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-out-of-range title=selector-out-of-range><code>:out-of-range</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-out-of-range><a href=#selector-out-of-range>:out-of-range</a></code> pseudo-class must match all
+ elements that are <a href=#candidate-for-constraint-validation title="candidate for constraint validation">candidates for constraint
+ validation</a>, <a href=#have-range-limitations>have range limitations</a>, and that are either <a href=#suffering-from-an-underflow>suffering from
+ an underflow</a> or <a href=#suffering-from-an-overflow>suffering from an overflow</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-required title=selector-required><code>:required</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-required><a href=#selector-required>:required</a></code> pseudo-class must match any element
+ falling into one of the following categories:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements that are <i title=concept-input-required><a href=#concept-input-required>required</a></i></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements that have a <code title=attr-select-required><a href=#attr-select-required>required</a></code>
+ attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements that have a <code title=attr-textarea-required><a href=#attr-textarea-required>required</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-optional title=selector-optional><code>:optional</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-optional><a href=#selector-optional>:optional</a></code> pseudo-class must match any element
+ falling into one of the following categories:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements to which the <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>
+ attribute applies that are not <i title=concept-input-required><a href=#concept-input-required>required</a></i></li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements that do not have a <code title=attr-select-required><a href=#attr-select-required>required</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements that do not have a <code title=attr-textarea-required><a href=#attr-textarea-required>required</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-read-only title=selector-read-only><code>:read-only</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-read-write title=selector-read-write><code>:read-write</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-read-write><a href=#selector-read-write>:read-write</a></code> pseudo-class must match any element
+ falling into one of the following categories, which for the purposes of Selectors are thus
+ considered <i>user-alterable</i>: <a href=#refsSELECTORS>[SELECTORS]</a></p>
+
+ <ul><li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements to which the <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>
+ attribute applies, and that are <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i> (i.e. that do not
+ have the <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute specified and that are not
+ <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>)</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements that do not have a <code title=attr-textarea-readonly><a href=#attr-textarea-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute, and that are not <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a></li>
+
+ <li>elements that are <a href=#editing-host title="editing host">editing hosts</a> or <a href=#editable>editable</a>
+ and are neither <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements nor <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements</li>
+
+ </ul><p>The <code title=selector-read-only><a href=#selector-read-only>:read-only</a></code> pseudo-class must match all other
+ <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-ltr title=selector-ltr><code>:dir(ltr)</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-ltr><a href=#selector-ltr>:dir(ltr)</a></code> pseudo-class must match all elements whose
+ <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">directionality</a> is '<a href=#concept-ltr title=concept-ltr>ltr</a>'.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=selector-rtl title=selector-rtl><code>:dir(rtl)</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title=selector-rtl><a href=#selector-rtl>:dir(rtl)</a></code> pseudo-class must match all elements whose
+ <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">directionality</a> is '<a href=#concept-rtl title=concept-rtl>rtl</a>'.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>Another section of this specification defines the <i><a href=#target-element>target element</a></i> used with
+ the <code title=selector-target>:target</code> pseudo-class.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This specification does not define when an element matches the <code title=selector-lang()>:lang()</code> dynamic pseudo-class, as it is defined in sufficient
+ detail in a language-agnostic fashion in the Selectors specification. <a href=#refsSELECTORS>[SELECTORS]</a></p>
+
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:CSS-->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Microdata-->
+
+ <h2 id=microdata><span class=secno>5 </span><dfn>Microdata</dfn></h2>
+
+<!-- USE CASES
+
+ Getting data out of poorly written Web pages
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/019595.html
+
+ Allowing authors to keep track of where content originates
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/019620.html
+
+ Helping people seaching for content filtered by license
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/019668.html
+
+ Allowing authors to annotate their documents to explain things for readers
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/019672.html
+
+ Annotating structured data that HTML has no semantics for
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/019681.html
+
+ Exposing known data types in a reusable way
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/019833.html
+
+ Providing enhanced search results
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/019834.html
+
+ Dragging or copying data between sites
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/019835.html
+
+ Writing authoring tools and validators for custom microdata vocabularies
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/019839.html
+
+ Removing the need for separate feeds
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/019884.html
+
+ Use cases for which I haven't been able to find solutions
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-May/019886.html
+
+-->
+
+<!-- v2
+
+ * <itemref itemprop="foo" src="url#id"> to import the item with id="id" from url into the current
+ microdata block as the value of property foo?
+
+ * splitting the 'content' part of a property into multiple sub-bits, as in:
+
+ <span itemprop="tel" item-content-in-bits>
+ Telephone:
+ <span content-bit>+44</span> (0) <span content-bit>1223 123 123</span>
+ </span>
+
+ maybe vocabs that need this can use a sub vocabulary specifically for this:
+
+ <span itemprop="tel" itemscope itemtype="http://bits.example/">
+ Telephone:
+ <span itemprop=bit>+44</span> (0) <span itemprop=bit>1223 123 123</span>
+ </span>
+
+-->
+
+ <h3 id=introduction-4><span class=secno>5.1 </span>Introduction</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=overview><span class=secno>5.1.1 </span>Overview</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Sometimes, it is desirable to annotate content with specific machine-readable labels, e.g. to
+ allow generic scripts to provide services that are customised to the page, or to enable content
+ from a variety of cooperating authors to be processed by a single script in a consistent
+ manner.</p>
+
+ <p>For this purpose, authors can use the microdata features described in this section. Microdata
+ allows nested groups of name-value pairs to be added to documents, in parallel with the existing
+ content.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-basic-syntax><span class=secno>5.1.2 </span>The basic syntax</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>At a high level, microdata consists of a group of name-value pairs. The groups are called <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a>, and each name-value pair is a property. Items and properties
+ are represented by regular elements.</p>
+
+ <p>To create an item, the <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute is used.</p>
+
+ <p>To add a property to an item, the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is used
+ on one of the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item's</a> descendants.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here there are two items, each of which has the property "name":</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My name is &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;Elizabeth&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+
+&lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My name is &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;Daniel&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Markup without the microdata-related attributes does not have any effect on the microdata
+ model.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>These two examples are exactly equivalent, at a microdata level, as the previous two examples
+ respectively:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My &lt;em&gt;name&lt;/em&gt; is &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;E&lt;strong&gt;liz&lt;/strong&gt;abeth&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+
+&lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;aside&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My name is &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;&lt;a href="/?user=daniel"&gt;Daniel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/aside&gt;
+ &lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Properties generally have values that are strings.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here the item has three properties:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My name is &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;Neil&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;My band is called &lt;span itemprop="band"&gt;Four Parts Water&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I am &lt;span itemprop="nationality"&gt;British&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>When a string value is a <a href=#url>URL</a>, it is expressed using the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element and
+ its <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute, the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element and its
+ <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute, or other elements that link to or embed external
+ resources.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, the item has one property, "image", whose value is a URL:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;img itemprop="image" src="google-logo.png" alt="Google"&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>When a string value is in some machine-readable format unsuitable for human consumption, it is
+ expressed using the <code title=attr-data-value><a href=#attr-data-value>value</a></code> attribute of the <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code>
+ element, with the human-readable version given in the element's contents.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, there is an item with a property whose value is a product ID. The ID is not
+ human-friendly, so the product's name is used the human-visible text instead of the ID.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;h1 itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;data itemprop="product-id" value="9678AOU879"&gt;The Instigator 2000&lt;/data&gt;
+&lt;/h1&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>For numeric data, the <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element and its <code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>value</a></code> attribute can be used instead.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here a rating is given using a <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Product"&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;Panasonic White 60L Refrigerator&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;img src="panasonic-fridge-60l-white.jpg" alt=""&gt;
+ &lt;div itemprop="aggregateRating"
+ itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AggregateRating"&gt;
+ &lt;meter itemprop="ratingValue" min=0 value=3.5 max=5&gt;Rated 3.5/5&lt;/meter&gt;
+ (based on &lt;span itemprop="reviewCount"&gt;11&lt;/span&gt; customer reviews)
+ &lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Similarly, for date- and time-related data, the <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element and its <code title=attr-time-datetime><a href=#attr-time-datetime>datetime</a></code> attribute can be used instead.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, the item has one property, "birthday", whose value is a date:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ I was born on &lt;time itemprop="birthday" datetime="2009-05-10"&gt;May 10th 2009&lt;/time&gt;.
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Properties can also themselves be groups of name-value pairs, by putting the <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute on the element that declares the property.</p>
+
+ <p>Items that are not part of others are called <a href=#top-level-microdata-items>top-level microdata items</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, the outer item represents a person, and the inner one represents a band:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Name: &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;Amanda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Band: &lt;span itemprop="band" itemscope&gt; &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;Jazz Band&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span itemprop="size"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt; players)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The outer item here has two properties, "name" and "band". The "name" is "Amanda", and the
+ "band" is an item in its own right, with two properties, "name" and "size". The "name" of the
+ band is "Jazz Band", and the "size" is "12".</p>
+
+ <p>The outer item in this example is a top-level microdata item.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Properties that are not descendants of the element with the <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute can be associated with the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> using the <code title=attr-itemref><a href=#attr-itemref>itemref</a></code> attribute.
+ This attribute takes a list of IDs of elements to crawl in addition to crawling the children of
+ the element with the <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example is the same as the previous one, but all the properties are separated from their
+ <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a>:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope id="amanda" itemref="a b"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;p id="a"&gt;Name: &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;Amanda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;div id="b" itemprop="band" itemscope itemref="c"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;div id="c"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Band: &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;Jazz Band&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Size: &lt;span itemprop="size"&gt;12&lt;/span&gt; players&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This gives the same result as the previous example. The first item has two properties, "name",
+ set to "Amanda", and "band", set to another item. That second item has two further properties,
+ "name", set to "Jazz Band", and "size", set to "12".</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>An <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> can have multiple properties with the same name and
+ different values.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example describes an ice cream, with two flavors:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Flavors in my favorite ice cream:&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li itemprop="flavor"&gt;Lemon sorbet&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li itemprop="flavor"&gt;Apricot sorbet&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This thus results in an item with two properties, both "flavor", having the values "Lemon
+ sorbet" and "Apricot sorbet".</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>An element introducing a property can also introduce multiple properties at once, to avoid
+ duplication when some of the properties have the same value.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here we see an item with two properties, "favorite-color" and "favorite-fruit", both set to
+ the value "orange":</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="favorite-color favorite-fruit"&gt;orange&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>It's important to note that there is no relationship between the microdata and the content of
+ the document where the microdata is marked up.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>There is no semantic difference, for instance, between the following two examples:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;img src="castle.jpeg"&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;&lt;span itemscope&gt;&lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;The Castle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (1986)&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ <pre>&lt;span itemscope&gt;&lt;meta itemprop="name" content="The Castle"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;figure&gt;
+ &lt;img src="castle.jpeg"&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;The Castle (1986)&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Both have a figure with a caption, and both, completely unrelated to the figure, have an item
+ with a name-value pair with the name "name" and the value "The Castle". The only difference is
+ that if the user drags the caption out of the document, in the former case, the item will be
+ included in the drag-and-drop data. In neither case is the image in any way associated with the
+ item.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=typed-items><span class=secno>5.1.3 </span>Typed items</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The examples in the previous section show how information could be marked up on a page that
+ doesn't expect its microdata to be re-used. Microdata is most useful, though, when it is used in
+ contexts where other authors and readers are able to cooperate to make new uses of the markup.</p>
+
+ <p>For this purpose, it is necessary to give each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> a type,
+ such as "http://example.com/person", or "http://example.org/cat", or "http://band.example.net/".
+ Types are identified as <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The type for an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> is given as the value of an <code title=attr-itemtype><a href=#attr-itemtype>itemtype</a></code> attribute on the same element as the <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, the item's type is "http://example.org/animals#cat":</p>
+
+<pre>&lt;section itemscope itemtype="http://example.org/animals#cat"&gt;
+ &lt;h1 itemprop="name"&gt;Hedral&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="desc"&gt;Hedral is a male american domestic
+ shorthair, with a fluffy black fur with white paws and belly.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;img itemprop="img" src="hedral.jpeg" alt="" title="Hedral, age 18 months"&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In this example the "http://example.org/animals#cat" item has three properties, a "name"
+ ("Hedral"), a "desc" ("Hedral is..."), and an "img" ("hedral.jpeg").</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The type gives the context for the properties, thus selecting a vocabulary: a property named
+ "class" given for an item with the type "http://census.example/person" might refer to the economic
+ class of an individual, while a property named "class" given for an item with the type
+ "http://example.com/school/teacher" might refer to the classroom a teacher has been assigned.
+ Several types can share a vocabulary. For example, the types "<code title="">http://example.org/people/teacher</code>" and "<code title="">http://example.org/people/engineer</code>" could be defined to use the same vocabulary
+ (though maybe some properties would not be especially useful in both cases, e.g. maybe the "<code title="">http://example.org/people/engineer</code>" type might not typically be used with the
+ "<code title="">classroom</code>" property). Multiple types defined to use the same vocabulary can
+ be given for a single item by listing the URLs as a space-separated list in the attribute' value.
+ An item cannot be given two types if they do not use the same vocabulary, however.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=global-identifiers-for-items><span class=secno>5.1.4 </span>Global identifiers for items</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Sometimes, an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> gives information about a topic that has a
+ global identifier. For example, books can be identified by their ISBN number.</p>
+
+ <p>Vocabularies (as identified by the <code title=attr-itemtype><a href=#attr-itemtype>itemtype</a></code> attribute) can
+ be designed such that <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a> get associated with their global
+ identifier in an unambiguous way by expressing the global identifiers as <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> given in an <code title=attr-itemid><a href=#attr-itemid>itemid</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The exact meaning of the <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> given in <code title=attr-itemid><a href=#attr-itemid>itemid</a></code> attributes depends on the vocabulary used.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, an item is talking about a particular book:</p>
+
+<pre>&lt;dl itemscope
+ itemtype="http://vocab.example.net/book"
+ <strong>itemid="urn:isbn:0-330-34032-8"</strong>&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Title
+ &lt;dd itemprop="title"&gt;The Reality Dysfunction
+ &lt;dt&gt;Author
+ &lt;dd itemprop="author"&gt;Peter F. Hamilton
+ &lt;dt&gt;Publication date
+ &lt;dd&gt;&lt;time itemprop="pubdate" datetime="1996-01-26"&gt;26 January 1996&lt;/time&gt;
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The "<code title="">http://vocab.example.net/book</code>" vocabulary in this example would
+ define that the <code title=attr-itemid><a href=#attr-itemid>itemid</a></code> attribute takes a <code title="">urn:</code> <a href=#url>URL</a> pointing to the ISBN of the book.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- (commented out since itemtype="" defines the meaning of the
+ identifier for now)
+ <p>Although it is common practice, authors are encouraged not to use the same URL to identify
+ multiple topics; in particular, an HTTP URL usually identifies a specific resource (such as an
+ image or document), and authors are encouraged to not use them to identify people, non-Web
+ resources like companies, movies, and products, or other abstract concepts. Using an HTTP URL as a
+ global identifier for something other than the resource actually designated by the URL leads to a
+ situation where it is ambiguous whether the identifier, and thus the set of properties specified
+ in the microdata, references the page or something else.</p>
+ -->
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=selecting-names-when-defining-vocabularies><span class=secno>5.1.5 </span>Selecting names when defining vocabularies</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Using microdata means using a vocabulary. For some purposes, an ad-hoc vocabulary is adequate.
+ For others, a vocabulary will need to be designed. Where possible, authors are encouraged to
+ re-use existing vocabularies, as this makes content re-use easier.</p>
+
+ <p>When designing new vocabularies, identifiers can be created either using <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a>, or, for properties, as plain words (with no dots or colons). For URLs,
+ conflicts with other vocabularies can be avoided by only using identifiers that correspond to
+ pages that the author has control over.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For instance, if Jon and Adam both write content at <code title="">example.com</code>, at <code title="">http://example.com/~jon/...</code> and <code title="">http://example.com/~adam/...</code> respectively, then
+ they could select identifiers of the form
+ "http://example.com/~jon/name" and "http://example.com/~adam/name"
+ respectively.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Properties whose names are just plain words can only be used within the context of the types
+ for which they are intended; properties named using URLs can be reused in items of any type. If an
+ item has no type, and is not part of another item, then if its properties have names that are just
+ plain words, they are not intended to be globally unique, and are instead only intended for
+ limited use. Generally speaking, authors are encouraged to use either properties with globally
+ unique names (URLs) or ensure that their items are typed.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here, an item is an "http://example.org/animals#cat", and most of the properties have names
+ that are words defined in the context of that type. There are also a few additional properties
+ whose names come from other vocabularies.</p>
+
+<pre>&lt;section itemscope itemtype="http://example.org/animals#cat"&gt;
+ &lt;h1 itemprop="name http://example.com/fn"&gt;Hedral&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="desc"&gt;Hedral is a male american domestic
+ shorthair, with a fluffy &lt;span
+ itemprop="http://example.com/color"&gt;black&lt;/span&gt; fur with &lt;span
+ itemprop="http://example.com/color"&gt;white&lt;/span&gt; paws and belly.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;img itemprop="img" src="hedral.jpeg" alt="" title="Hedral, age 18 months"&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This example has one item with the type "http://example.org/animals#cat" and the following
+ properties:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><td>Property
+ <td>Value
+ <tbody><tr><td>name
+ <td>Hedral
+ <tr><td>http://example.com/fn
+ <td>Hedral
+ <tr><td>desc
+ <td>Hedral is a male american domestic shorthair, with a fluffy black fur with white paws and belly.
+ <tr><td>http://example.com/color
+ <td>black
+ <tr><td>http://example.com/color
+ <td>white
+ <tr><td>img
+ <td>.../hedral.jpeg
+ </table></div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=using-the-microdata-dom-api><span class=secno>5.1.6 </span>Using the microdata DOM API</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The microdata becomes even more useful when scripts can use it to expose information to the
+ user, for example offering it in a form that can be used by other applications.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-document-getItems><a href=#dom-document-getitems>document.getItems(<var title="">typeNames</var>)</a></code>
+ method provides access to the <a href=#top-level-microdata-items>top-level microdata items</a>. It returns a
+ <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code> containing the items with the specified types, or all types if no argument
+ is specified.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> is represented in the DOM by the element on which
+ the relevant <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute is found. These elements have
+ their <code title=dom-itemScope><a href=#dom-itemscope>element.itemScope</a></code> IDL attribute set to true.</p>
+
+ <p>The type(s) of <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a> can be obtained using the <code title=dom-itemType><a href=#dom-itemtype>element.itemType</a></code> IDL attribute on the element with the <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This sample shows how the <code title=dom-document-getItems><a href=#dom-document-getitems>getItems()</a></code> method can be
+ used to obtain a list of all the top-level microdata items of a particular type given in the
+ document:</p>
+
+ <pre>var cats = document.getItems("http://example.com/feline");</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Once an element representing an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> has been obtained, its
+ properties can be extracted using the <code title=dom-properties><a href=#dom-properties>properties</a></code> IDL
+ attribute. This attribute returns an <code><a href=#htmlpropertiescollection>HTMLPropertiesCollection</a></code>, which can be
+ enumerated to go through each element that adds one or more properties to the item. It can also be
+ indexed by name, which will return an object with a list of the elements that add properties with
+ that name.</p>
+
+ <p>Each element that adds a property also has an <code title=dom-itemValue><a href=#dom-itemvalue>itemValue</a></code> IDL
+ attribute that returns its value.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This sample gets the first item of type "http://example.net/user" and then pops up an alert
+ using the "name" property from that item.</p>
+
+ <pre>var user = document.getItems('http://example.net/user')[0];
+alert('Hello ' + user.properties['name'][0].itemValue + '!');</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#htmlpropertiescollection>HTMLPropertiesCollection</a></code> object, when indexed by name in this way, actually
+ returns a <code><a href=#propertynodelist>PropertyNodeList</a></code> object with all the matching properties. The
+ <code><a href=#propertynodelist>PropertyNodeList</a></code> object can be used to obtain all the values at once using
+ <em>its</em> <code title=dom-PropertyNodeList-getValues><a href=#dom-propertynodelist-getvalues>getValues</a></code> method, which returns
+ an array of all the values.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In an earlier example, a "http://example.org/animals#cat" item had two
+ "http://example.com/color" values. This script looks up the first such item and then lists all
+ its values.</p>
+
+ <pre>var cat = document.getItems('http://example.org/animals#cat')[0];
+var colors = cat.properties['http://example.com/color'].getValues();
+var result;
+if (colors.length == 0) {
+ result = 'Color unknown.';
+} else if (colors.length == 1) {
+ result = 'Color: ' + colors[0];
+} else {
+ result = 'Colors:';
+ for (var i = 0; i &lt; colors.length; i += 1)
+ result += ' ' + colors[i];
+}</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>It's also possible to get a list of all the <a href=#property-names>property names</a> using the object's
+ <code title=dom-HTMLPropertiesCollection-names><a href=#dom-htmlpropertiescollection-names>names</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example creates a big list with a nested list for each item on the page, each with all of
+ the property names used in that item.</p>
+
+ <pre>var outer = document.createElement('ul');
+var items = document.getItems();
+for (var item = 0; item &lt; items.length; item += 1) {
+ var itemLi = document.createElement('li');
+ var inner = document.createElement('ul');
+ for (var name = 0; name &lt; items[item].properties.names.length; name += 1) {
+ var propLi = document.createElement('li');
+ propLi.appendChild(document.createTextNode(items[item].properties.names[name]));
+ inner.appendChild(propLi);
+ }
+ itemLi.appendChild(inner);
+ outer.appendChild(itemLi);
+}
+document.body.appendChild(outer);</pre>
+
+ <p>If faced with the following from an earlier example:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section itemscope itemtype="http://example.org/animals#cat"&gt;
+ &lt;h1 itemprop="name http://example.com/fn"&gt;Hedral&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="desc"&gt;Hedral is a male american domestic
+ shorthair, with a fluffy &lt;span
+ itemprop="http://example.com/color"&gt;black&lt;/span&gt; fur with &lt;span
+ itemprop="http://example.com/color"&gt;white&lt;/span&gt; paws and belly.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;img itemprop="img" src="hedral.jpeg" alt="" title="Hedral, age 18 months"&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>...it would result in the following output:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>
+ <ul><li>name</li>
+ <li>http://example.com/fn</li>
+ <li>desc</li>
+ <li>http://example.com/color</li>
+ <li>img</li>
+ </ul></li>
+ </ul><p>(The duplicate occurrence of "http://example.com/color" is not included in the list.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h3 id=encoding-microdata><span class=secno>5.2 </span>Encoding microdata</h3>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-microdata-model><span class=secno>5.2.1 </span>The microdata model</h4>
+
+ <p>The microdata model consists of groups of name-value pairs known as <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each group is known as an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>. Each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> can have <a href=#item-types>item types</a>, a <a href=#global-identifier>global
+ identifier</a> (if the vocabulary specified by the <a href=#item-types>item types</a> <a href=#support-global-identifiers-for-items>support global
+ identifiers for items</a>), and a list of name-value pairs. Each name in the name-value pair is
+ known as a <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the properties of an item">property</a>, and each <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the
+ properties of an item">property</a> has one or more <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>values</a>. Each <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is either a string or itself a group of name-value
+ pairs (an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>). The names are unordered relative to each other,
+ but if a particular name has multiple values, they do have a relative order.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=items><span class=secno>5.2.2 </span>Items</h4>
+
+ <p>Every <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a> may have an <dfn id=attr-itemscope title=attr-itemscope><code>itemscope</code></dfn> attribute specified. The <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>An element with the <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute specified creates a
+ new <dfn id=concept-item title=concept-item>item</dfn>, a group of name-value pairs.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Elements with an <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute may have an <dfn id=attr-itemtype title=attr-itemtype><code>itemtype</code></dfn> attribute specified, to give the <a href=#item-types>item
+ types</a> of the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-itemtype><a href=#attr-itemtype>itemtype</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that
+ is an <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a> that are
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>, each of which is a <a href=#valid-url>valid URL</a> that is an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>, and all of which are defined to use the same vocabulary. The attribute's value must
+ have at least one token.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=item-types>item types</dfn> of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> are the tokens obtained
+ by <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on spaces">splitting the element's <code title=attr-itemtype>itemtype</code> attribute's value on spaces</a>. If the <code title=attr-itemtype><a href=#attr-itemtype>itemtype</a></code> attribute is missing or parsing it in this way finds no
+ tokens, the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> is said to have no <a href=#item-types>item types</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#item-types>item types</a> must all be types defined in <a href=#other-applicable-specifications title="other applicable
+ specifications">applicable specifications</a> and must all be defined to use the same
+ vocabulary.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Except if otherwise specified by that specification, the <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> given
+ as the <a href=#item-types>item types</a> should not be automatically dereferenced.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A specification could define that its <a href=#item-types title="item types">item type</a>
+ can be derefenced to provide the user with help information, for example. In fact, vocabulary
+ authors are encouraged to provide useful information at the given <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#item-types>Item types</a> are opaque identifiers, and user agents must not dereference unknown
+ <a href=#item-types>item types</a>, or otherwise deconstruct them, in order to determine how to process
+ <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a> that use them.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-itemtype><a href=#attr-itemtype>itemtype</a></code> attribute must not be specified on elements
+ that do not have an <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute specified.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>An <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> is said to be a <dfn id=typed-item>typed item</dfn> when either it
+ has an <a href=#item-types title="item types">item type</a>, or it is the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of a <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the properties of an
+ item">property</a> of a <a href=#typed-item>typed item</a>. The <dfn id=relevant-types>relevant types</dfn> for a
+ <a href=#typed-item>typed item</a> is the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>'s <a href=#item-types>item types</a>,
+ if it has any, or else is the <a href=#relevant-types>relevant types</a> of the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> for which it is a <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the properties of an
+ item">property</a>'s <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Elements with an <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute and an <code title=attr-itemtype><a href=#attr-itemtype>itemtype</a></code> attribute that references a vocabulary that is defined to
+ <dfn id=support-global-identifiers-for-items>support global identifiers for items</dfn> may also have an <dfn id=attr-itemid title=attr-itemid><code>itemid</code></dfn> attribute specified, to give a global identifier for
+ the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>, so that it can be related to other <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a> on pages elsewhere on the Web.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-itemid><a href=#attr-itemid>itemid</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that is
+ a <a href=#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>valid URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=global-identifier>global identifier</dfn> of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> is the value of
+ its element's <code title=attr-itemid><a href=#attr-itemid>itemid</a></code> attribute, if it has one, <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolved</a> relative to the element on which the attribute is specified.
+ If the <code title=attr-itemid><a href=#attr-itemid>itemid</a></code> attribute is missing or if resolving it fails, it
+ is said to have no <a href=#global-identifier>global identifier</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-itemid><a href=#attr-itemid>itemid</a></code> attribute must not be specified on elements that do
+ not have both an <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute and an <code title=attr-itemtype><a href=#attr-itemtype>itemtype</a></code> attribute specified, and must not be specified on elements
+ with an <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute whose <code title=attr-itemtype><a href=#attr-itemtype>itemtype</a></code> attribute specifies a vocabulary that does not <a href=#support-global-identifiers-for-items>support
+ global identifiers for items</a>, as defined by that vocabulary's specification.</p>
+
+ <p>The exact meaning of a <a href=#global-identifier>global identifier</a> is determined by the vocabulary's
+ specification. It is up to such specifications to define whether multiple items with the same
+ global identifier (whether on the same page or on different pages) are allowed to exist, and what
+ the processing rules for that vocabulary are with respect to handling the case of multiple items
+ with the same ID.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Elements with an <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute may have an <dfn id=attr-itemref title=attr-itemref><code>itemref</code></dfn> attribute specified, to give a list of additional
+ elements to crawl to find the name-value pairs of the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-itemref><a href=#attr-itemref>itemref</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that
+ is an <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a> that are
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>, consisting of <a href=#concept-id title=concept-ID>IDs</a> of elements in the
+ same <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-itemref><a href=#attr-itemref>itemref</a></code> attribute must not be specified on elements that
+ do not have an <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute specified.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=attr-itemref><a href=#attr-itemref>itemref</a></code> attribute is not part of the
+ microdata data model. It is merely a syntactic construct to aid authors in adding annotations to
+ pages where the data to be annotated does not follow a convenient tree structure. For example, it
+ allows authors to mark up data in a table so that each column defines a separate <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>, while keeping the properties in the cells.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows a simple vocabulary used to describe the products of a model railway
+ manufacturer. The vocabulary has just five property names:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>product-code</dt>
+ <dd>An integer that names the product in the manufacturer's catalog.</dd>
+ <dt>name</dt>
+ <dd>A brief description of the product.</dd>
+ <dt>scale</dt>
+ <dd>One of "HO", "1", or "Z" (potentially with leading or trailing
+ whitespace), indicating the scale of the product.</dd>
+ <dt>digital</dt>
+ <dd>If present, one of "Digital", "Delta", or "Systems"
+ (potentially with leading or trailing whitespace) indicating that
+ the product has a digital decoder of the given type.</dd>
+ <dt>track-type</dt>
+ <dd>For track-specific products, one of "K", "M", "C" (potentially
+ with leading or trailing whitespace) indicating the type of track
+ for which the product is intended.</dd>
+ </dl><p>This vocabulary has four defined <a href=#item-types>item types</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>http://md.example.com/loco</dt>
+ <dd>Rolling stock with an engine</dd>
+ <dt>http://md.example.com/passengers</dt>
+ <dd>Passenger rolling stock</dd>
+ <dt>http://md.example.com/track</dt>
+ <dd>Track pieces</dd>
+ <dt>http://md.example.com/lighting</dt>
+ <dd>Equipment with lighting</dd>
+ </dl><p>Each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that uses this vocabulary can be given one or more
+ of these types, depending on what the product is.</p>
+
+ <p>Thus, a locomotive might be marked up as:</p>
+
+<pre>&lt;dl itemscope itemtype="http://md.example.com/loco
+ http://md.example.com/lighting"&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Name:
+ &lt;dd itemprop="name"&gt;Tank Locomotive (DB 80)
+ &lt;dt&gt;Product code:
+ &lt;dd itemprop="product-code"&gt;33041
+ &lt;dt&gt;Scale:
+ &lt;dd itemprop="scale"&gt;HO
+ &lt;dt&gt;Digital:
+ &lt;dd itemprop="digital"&gt;Delta
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>A turnout lantern retrofit kit might be marked up as:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;dl itemscope itemtype="http://md.example.com/track
+ http://md.example.com/lighting"&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Name:
+ &lt;dd itemprop="name"&gt;Turnout Lantern Kit
+ &lt;dt&gt;Product code:
+ &lt;dd itemprop="product-code"&gt;74470
+ &lt;dt&gt;Purpose:
+ &lt;dd&gt;For retrofitting 2 &lt;span itemprop="track-type"&gt;C&lt;/span&gt; Track
+ turnouts. &lt;meta itemprop="scale" content="HO"&gt;
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>A passenger car with no lighting might be marked up as:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;dl itemscope itemtype="http://md.example.com/passengers"&gt;
+ &lt;dt&gt;Name:
+ &lt;dd itemprop="name"&gt;Express Train Passenger Car (DB Am 203)
+ &lt;dt&gt;Product code:
+ &lt;dd itemprop="product-code"&gt;8710
+ &lt;dt&gt;Scale:
+ &lt;dd itemprop="scale"&gt;Z
+&lt;/dl&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Great care is necessary when creating new vocabularies. Often, a hierarchical approach to
+ types can be taken that results in a vocabulary where each item only ever has a single type,
+ which is generally much simpler to manage.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=names:-the-itemprop-attribute><span class=secno>5.2.3 </span>Names: the <dfn title=attr-itemprop><code>itemprop</code></dfn> attribute</h4>
+
+ <p>Every <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a> may have an <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute specified, if doing so <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the properties
+ of an item">adds one or more properties</a> to one or more <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a> (as defined below).</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value that
+ is an <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a> that are
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>, representing the names of the name-value pairs that it adds. The
+ attribute's value must have at least one token.</p>
+
+ <p>Each token must be either:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>If the item is a <a href=#typed-item>typed item</a>: a <dfn id=defined-property-name>defined property name</dfn> allowed in this
+ situation according to the specification that defines the <a href=#relevant-types>relevant types</a> for the
+ item, or</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-url>valid URL</a> that is an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> defined as an item property
+ name allowed in this situation by a vocabulary specification, or</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-url>valid URL</a> that is an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, used as a proprietary item
+ property name (i.e. one used by the author for private purposes, not defined in a public
+ specification), or</li>
+
+ <li>If the item is not a <a href=#typed-item>typed item</a>: a string that contains no U+002E FULL STOP
+ characters (.) and no U+003A COLON characters (:), used as a proprietary item property name (i.e.
+ one used by the author for private purposes, not defined in a public specification).</li>
+
+ </ul><p>Specifications that introduce <a href=#defined-property-name title="defined property name">defined property names</a>
+ must ensure all such property names contain no U+002E FULL STOP characters (.), no U+003A COLON
+ characters (:), and no <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The rules above disallow U+003A COLON characters (:) in non-URL values because
+ otherwise they could not be distinguished from URLs. Values with U+002E FULL STOP characters (.)
+ are reserved for future extensions. <a href=#space-character title="space character">Space characters</a> are
+ disallowed because otherwise the values would would be parsed as multiple tokens.</p>
+
+ <p>When an element with an <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the
+ properties of an item">adds a property</a> to multiple <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a>,
+ the requirement above regarding the tokens applies for each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>
+ individually.</p>
+
+ <!--
+
+ e.g.:
+
+ <div itemscope itemtype="http://example.com/a"> <ref refid="x"> </div>
+ <div itemscope itemtype="http://example.com/b"> <ref refid="x"> </div>
+ <meta id="x" itemprop="z" content="">
+
+ "z" had better be valid for both http://example.com/a and http://example.com/b
+
+ -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=property-names>property names</dfn> of an element are the tokens that the element's <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is found to contain when its value is <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on spaces">split on spaces</a>, with the order preserved but with
+ duplicates removed (leaving only the first occurrence of each name).</p>
+
+ <p>Within an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>, the properties are unordered with respect to
+ each other, except for properties with the same name, which are ordered in the order they are
+ given by the algorithm that defines <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item>the properties of an item</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the "a" property has the values "1" and "2", <em>in that order</em>,
+ but whether the "a" property comes before the "b" property or not is not important:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="a"&gt;1&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="a"&gt;2&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="b"&gt;test&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Thus, the following is equivalent:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="b"&gt;test&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="a"&gt;1&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="a"&gt;2&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>As is the following:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="a"&gt;1&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="b"&gt;test&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="a"&gt;2&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>And the following:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div id="x"&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="a"&gt;1&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;div itemscope itemref="x"&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="b"&gt;test&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="a"&gt;2&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=values><span class=secno>5.2.4 </span>Values</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>property value</dfn> of a name-value pair added by an
+ element with an <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is as given for the first
+ matching case in the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the element also has an <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value is the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> created by the element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value is the value of the element's <code title=attr-content>content</code> attribute,
+ if any, or the empty string if there is no such attribute.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is an <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value is the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> that results from <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolving</a> the value of the element's <code title="">src</code> attribute relative to
+ the element at the time the attribute is set, or the empty string if there is no such attribute
+ or if <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> it results in an error.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value is the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> that results from <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolving</a> the value of the element's <code title="">href</code> attribute relative
+ to the element at the time the attribute is set, or the empty string if there is no such
+ attribute or if <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> it results in an error.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value is the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> that results from <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolving</a> the value of the element's <code title="">data</code> attribute relative
+ to the element at the time the attribute is set, or the empty string if there is no such
+ attribute or if <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> it results in an error.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value is the value of the element's <code title=attr-data-value><a href=#attr-data-value>value</a></code> attribute,
+ if it has one, or the empty string otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value is the value of the element's <code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>value</a></code> attribute,
+ if it has one, or the empty string otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value is the element's <a href=#datetime-value>datetime value</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The value is the element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <dfn id=url-property-elements>URL property elements</dfn> are the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>If a property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a>, as defined by the property's
+ definition, is an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, the property must be specified using a <a href=#url-property-elements title="URL property elements">URL property element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>These requirements do not apply just because a property value happens to match the
+ syntax for a URL. They only apply if the property is explicitly defined as taking such a
+ value.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, a book about the first moon landing <!-- 1969-07-20 --> could be
+ called "mission:moon". A "title" property from a vocabulary that defines a title as being a string
+ would not expect the title to be given in an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element, even though it looks like a
+ <a href=#url>URL</a>. On the other hand, if there was a (rather narrowly scoped!) vocabulary for
+ "books whose titles look like URLs" which had a "title" property defined to take a URL, then the
+ property <em>would</em> expect the title to be given in an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element (or one of the
+ other <a href=#url-property-elements>URL property elements</a>), because of the requirement above.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=associating-names-with-items><span class=secno>5.2.5 </span>Associating names with items</h4>
+
+ <p>To find <dfn id=the-properties-of-an-item>the properties of an item</dfn> defined by the element <var title="">root</var>,
+ the user agent must run the following steps. These steps are also used to flag <a href=#microdata-error title="microdata error">microdata errors</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">results</var>, <var title="">memory</var>, and <var title="">pending</var> be empty lists of elements.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add the element <var title="">root</var> to <var title="">memory</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add the child elements of <var title="">root</var>, if any, to <var title="">pending</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">root</var> has an <code title=attr-itemref><a href=#attr-itemref>itemref</a></code> attribute,
+ <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on spaces">split the value of that <code title=attr-itemref>itemref</code> attribute on spaces</a>. For each resulting token <var title="">ID</var>, if there is an element in the <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a> of <var title="">root</var> with the <a href=#concept-id title=concept-ID>ID</a> <var title="">ID</var>, then add
+ the first such element to <var title="">pending</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">pending</var> is empty, jump to the step labeled <i>end of
+ loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove an element from <var title="">pending</var> and let <var title="">current</var> be
+ that element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">current</var> is already in <var title="">memory</var>, there is a
+ <a href=#microdata-error>microdata error</a>; return to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">current</var> to <var title="">memory</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">current</var> does not have an <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute, then: add all the child elements of <var title="">current</var> to <var title="">pending</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">current</var> has an <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code>
+ attribute specified and has one or more <a href=#property-names>property names</a>, then add <var title="">current</var> to <var title="">results</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>End of loop</i>: Sort <var title="">results</var> in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">results</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>A document must not contain any <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a> for which the algorithm
+ to find <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item>the properties of an item</a> finds any <dfn id=microdata-error title="microdata error">microdata
+ errors</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>An <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> is a <dfn id=top-level-microdata-items title="top-level microdata items">top-level
+ microdata item</dfn> if its element does not have an <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+<!--(this is currently redundant with "requirement itemprop" below)
+ <p>An <span title="concept-item">item</span> is a <dfn title="used microdata items">used microdata
+ item</dfn> if it is a <span title="top-level microdata items">top-level microdata item</span>, or
+ if it has an <code title="attr-itemprop">itemprop</code> attribute and would be <span title="the
+ properties of an item">found to be the property</span> of an <span
+ title="concept-item">item</span> that is itself a <span title="used microdata items">used
+ microdata item</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>All <span title="concept-item">items</span> in a document must be <span>used microdata
+ items</span>.</p>
+-->
+
+ <p>All <code title=attr-itemref><a href=#attr-itemref>itemref</a></code> attributes in a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> must be
+ such that there are no cycles in the graph formed from representing each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> as a node in the graph and each
+ <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the properties of an item">property</a> of an item whose <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is another item as an edge in the graph connecting
+ those two items.</p>
+
+ <!-- "requirement itemprop" (see above) -->
+ <p>A document must not contain any elements that have an <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute that would not be found to be a property of any of
+ the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a> in that document were their <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the
+ properties of an item">properties</a> all to be determined.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a single license statement is applied to two works, using <code title=attr-itemref><a href=#attr-itemref>itemref</a></code> from the items representing the works:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Photo gallery&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;My photos&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;figure itemscope itemtype="http://n.whatwg.org/work" itemref="licenses"&gt;
+ &lt;img itemprop="work" src="images/house.jpeg" alt="A white house, boarded up, sits in a forest."&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption itemprop="title"&gt;The house I found.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;/figure&gt;
+ &lt;figure itemscope itemtype="http://n.whatwg.org/work" itemref="licenses"&gt;
+ &lt;img itemprop="work" src="images/mailbox.jpeg" alt="Outside the house is a mailbox. It has a leaflet inside."&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption itemprop="title"&gt;The mailbox.&lt;/figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;/figure&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p id="licenses"&gt;All images licensed under the &lt;a itemprop="license"
+ href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php"&gt;MIT
+ license&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The above results in two items with the type "<code title="">http://n.whatwg.org/work</code>",
+ one with:</p>
+
+ <dl class=brief><dt>work
+ <dd><code title="">images/house.jpeg</code>
+ <dt>title
+ <dd>The house I found.
+ <dt>license
+ <dd><code title="">http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php</code>
+ </dl><p>...and one with:</p>
+
+ <dl class=brief><dt>work
+ <dd><code title="">images/mailbox.jpeg</code>
+ <dt>title
+ <dd>The mailbox.
+ <dt>license
+ <dd><code title="">http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php</code>
+ </dl></div>
+
+ </div> <!-- see comment above -->
+
+
+ <h4 id=microdata-and-other-namespaces><span class=secno>5.2.6 </span>Microdata and other namespaces</h4>
+
+ <p>Currently, the <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code>, <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code>, and other microdata attributes are only defined for
+ <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>. This means that attributes with the literal names "<code title="">itemscope</code>", "<code title="">itemprop</code>", etc, do not cause microdata
+ processing to occur on elements in other namespaces, such as SVG.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Thus, in the following example there is only one item, not
+ two.</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;p itemscope&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;!-- this is an item (with no properties and no type) --&gt;
+&lt;svg itemscope&gt;&lt;/svg&gt; &lt;!-- this is not, it's just an <code><a href=#svg>svg</a></code> element with an invalid unknown attribute --&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h3 id=microdata-dom-api><span class=secno>5.3 </span>Microdata DOM API</h3>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-getItems><a href=#dom-document-getitems>getItems</a></code>( [ <var title="">types</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code> of the elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that create
+ <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a>, that are not part of other <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a>, and that are of the types given in the argument, if any are
+ listed.</p>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">types</var> argument is interpreted as a space-separated list of types.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-properties><a href=#dom-properties>properties</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the element has an <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute, returns an
+ <code><a href=#htmlpropertiescollection>HTMLPropertiesCollection</a></code> object with all the element's properties. Otherwise, an
+ empty <code><a href=#htmlpropertiescollection>HTMLPropertiesCollection</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-itemValue><a href=#dom-itemvalue>itemValue</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the element's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the element's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a>.
+ Setting the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> when the element has no <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute or when the element's value is an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> throws an <code><a href=#invalidaccesserror>InvalidAccessError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-getitems title=dom-document-getItems><code>document.getItems(<var title="">typeNames</var>)</code></dfn> method takes a string that contains an
+ <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a> that are <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>,
+ representing types. When called, the method must return a <a href=#live>live</a> <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code>
+ object containing all the elements in the document, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, that are each
+ <a href=#top-level-microdata-items>top-level microdata items</a> whose <a href=#item-types title="item types">types</a> include all the
+ types specified in the method's argument, having obtained the types by <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string
+ on spaces">splitting the string on spaces</a>. If there are no tokens specified in the
+ argument, then the method must return a <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code>
+ containing all the <a href=#top-level-microdata-items>top-level microdata items</a> in the document. When the method is
+ invoked on a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object again with the same argument, the user agent may return
+ the same object as the object returned by the earlier call. In other cases, a new
+ <code><a href=#nodelist>NodeList</a></code> object must be returned.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-itemscope title=dom-itemScope><code>itemScope</code></dfn> IDL attribute on <a href=#html-elements>HTML
+ elements</a> must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code>
+ content attribute. The <dfn id=dom-itemtype title=dom-itemType><code>itemType</code></dfn> IDL attribute on
+ <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-itemtype><a href=#attr-itemtype>itemtype</a></code> content attribute. The <dfn id=dom-itemid title=dom-itemId><code>itemId</code></dfn> IDL attribute on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-itemid><a href=#attr-itemid>itemid</a></code> content attribute. The <dfn id=dom-itemprop title=dom-itemProp><code>itemProp</code></dfn> IDL attribute on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> content attribute. The <dfn id=dom-itemref title=dom-itemRef><code>itemRef</code></dfn> IDL attribute on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-itemref><a href=#attr-itemref>itemref</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-properties title=dom-properties><code>properties</code></dfn> IDL attribute on <a href=#html-elements>HTML
+ elements</a> must return an <code><a href=#htmlpropertiescollection>HTMLPropertiesCollection</a></code> rooted at the element's
+ <a href=#root-element>root element</a> (which element this is might change during the collection's lifetime, as
+ the element moves between different subtrees), whose filter matches only elements that are <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the properties of an item">the properties of the item</a> created by the element on
+ which the attribute was invoked, while that element is an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>,
+ and matches nothing the rest of the time.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-itemvalue title=dom-itemValue><code>itemValue</code></dfn> IDL attribute's behavior depends on
+ the element, as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If the element has no <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute must return null on getting and must throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidaccesserror>InvalidAccessError</a></code> exception on setting.</p>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element has an <code title=attr-itemscope><a href=#attr-itemscope>itemscope</a></code> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute must return the element itself on getting and must throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidaccesserror>InvalidAccessError</a></code> exception on setting.</p>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute must act as it would if it was <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflecting</a> the
+ element's <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> content attribute.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is an <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute must act as it would if it was <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflecting</a> the
+ element's <code title="">src</code> content attribute.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute must act as it would if it was <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflecting</a> the
+ element's <code title="">href</code> content attribute.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute must act as it would if it was <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflecting</a> the
+ element's <code title="">data</code> content attribute.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute must act as it would if it was <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflecting</a> the
+ element's <code title=attr-data-value><a href=#attr-data-value>value</a></code> content attribute.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute must act as it would if it was <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflecting</a> the
+ element's <code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>value</a></code> content attribute.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the element is a <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>On getting, if the element has a <code title=attr-time-datetime><a href=#attr-time-datetime>datetime</a></code> content
+ attribute, the IDL attribute must return that content attribute's value; otherwise, it must
+ return the element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code>. On setting, the IDL attribute must act as it would
+ if it was <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflecting</a> the element's <code title=attr-time-datetime><a href=#attr-time-datetime>datetime</a></code> content attribute.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute must act the same as the element's <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code>
+ attribute.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the <code title=dom-itemValue><a href=#dom-itemvalue>itemValue</a></code> IDL attribute is <a href=#reflect title=reflect>reflecting</a> a content attribute or acting like the element's
+ <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> attribute, the user agent must, on setting, convert the new value to the
+ IDL <code title="">DOMString</code> value before using it according to the mappings described
+ above.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a script checks to see if a particular element <var title="">element</var> is
+ declaring a particular property, and if it is, it increments a counter:</p>
+
+ <pre>if (element.itemProp.contains('color'))
+ count += 1;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This script iterates over each of the values of an element's <code title=attr-itemref><a href=#attr-itemref>itemref</a></code> attribute, calling a function for each referenced
+ element:</p>
+
+ <pre>for (var index = 0; index &lt; element.itemRef.length; index += 1)
+ process(document.getElementById(element.itemRef[index]));</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h3 id=mdvocabs><span class=secno>5.4 </span>Sample microdata vocabularies</h3>
+
+ <p>The vocabularies in this section are primarily intended to demonstrate how a vocabulary is
+ specified, though they are also usable in their own right.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=vcard><span class=secno>5.4.1 </span>vCard</h4>
+
+ <p>An item with the <a href=#item-types title="item types">item type</a> <dfn id=md-vcard title=md-vcard><code>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</code></dfn> represents a person's or
+ organization's contact information.</p>
+
+ <p>This vocabulary does not <a href=#support-global-identifiers-for-items>support global identifiers for items</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following are the type's <a href=#defined-property-name title="defined property name">defined property names</a>.
+ They are based on the vocabulary defined in the vCard 4.0 specification and its extensions, where
+ more information on how to interpret the values can be found. <a href=#refsRFC6350>[RFC6350]</a></p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=md-vcard-kind title=md-vcard-kind><code>kind</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Describes what kind of contact the item represents.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that, when compared in a
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> manner, is equal to one of the <a href=#kind-strings>kind strings</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vcard-kind><a href=#md-vcard-kind>kind</a></code> may be present within
+ each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <!-- XML not included since there's no good way to do it here -->
+ <!-- Note: vCard->microdata->vCard doesn't count as "propagating vCards" according to Tantek, so
+ we're not non-conforming when we drop it, despite vCard's requirement -->
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-fn title=md-vcard-fn><code>fn</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the formatted text corresponding to the name of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Exactly one property with the name <code title=md-vcard-fn><a href=#md-vcard-fn>fn</a></code> must be present within
+ each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-n title=md-vcard-n><code>n</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the structured name of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with zero or more of each of the <code title=md-vcard-n-family-name><a href=#md-vcard-n-family-name>family-name</a></code>, <code title=md-vcard-n-given-name><a href=#md-vcard-n-given-name>given-name</a></code>, <code title=md-vcard-n-additional-name><a href=#md-vcard-n-additional-name>additional-name</a></code>, <code title=md-vcard-n-honorific-prefix><a href=#md-vcard-n-honorific-prefix>honorific-prefix</a></code>, and <code title=md-vcard-n-honorific-suffix><a href=#md-vcard-n-honorific-suffix>honorific-suffix</a></code> properties.</p>
+
+ <p>Exactly one property with the name <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code> must be present within
+ each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-n-family-name title=md-vcard-n-family-name><code>family-name</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the family name of the person, or the full name of the organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-n-family-name><a href=#md-vcard-n-family-name>family-name</a></code> may be present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code> property of
+ an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-n-given-name title=md-vcard-n-given-name><code>given-name</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the given-name of the person.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-n-given-name><a href=#md-vcard-n-given-name>given-name</a></code>
+ may be present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code> property of
+ an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-n-additional-name title=md-vcard-n-additional-name><code>additional-name</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the any additional names of the person.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-n-additional-name><a href=#md-vcard-n-additional-name>additional-name</a></code> may be present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code> property of
+ an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-n-honorific-prefix title=md-vcard-n-honorific-prefix><code>honorific-prefix</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the honorific prefix of the person.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-n-honorific-prefix><a href=#md-vcard-n-honorific-prefix>honorific-prefix</a></code> may be present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code> property of
+ an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-n-honorific-suffix title=md-vcard-n-honorific-suffix><code>honorific-suffix</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the honorific suffix of the person.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-n-honorific-suffix><a href=#md-vcard-n-honorific-suffix>honorific-suffix</a></code> may be present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code> property of
+ an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-nickname title=md-vcard-nickname><code>nickname</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the nickname of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <!-- copied from vCard -->
+ <p class=note>The nickname is the descriptive name given instead of or in addition to the one
+ belonging to a person, place, or thing. It can also be used to specify a familiar form of a
+ proper name specified by the <code title=md-vcard-fn><a href=#md-vcard-fn>fn</a></code> or <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code> properties.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-nickname><a href=#md-vcard-nickname>nickname</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-photo title=md-vcard-photo><code>photo</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a photograph of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-photo><a href=#md-vcard-photo>photo</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-bday title=md-vcard-bday><code>bday</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the birth date of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date
+ string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vcard-bday><a href=#md-vcard-bday>bday</a></code> may be present within
+ each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-anniversary title=md-vcard-anniversary><code>anniversary</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the birth date of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date
+ string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vcard-anniversary><a href=#md-vcard-anniversary>anniversary</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-sex title=md-vcard-sex><code>sex</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the biological sex of the person.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be one of
+ <code title="">F</code>, meaning "female",
+ <code title="">M</code>, meaning "male",
+ <code title="">N</code>, meaning "none or not applicable",
+ <code title="">O</code>, meaning "other", or
+ <code title="">U</code>, meaning "unknown".</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vcard-sex><a href=#md-vcard-sex>sex</a></code> may be present within
+ each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-gender-identity title=md-vcard-gender-identity><code>gender-identity</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the gender identity of the person.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vcard-gender-identity><a href=#md-vcard-gender-identity>gender-identity</a></code>
+ may be present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-adr title=md-vcard-adr><code>adr</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the delivery address of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with zero or more <code title=md-vcard-adr-type><a href=#md-vcard-adr-type>type</a></code>,
+ <code title=md-vcard-adr-post-office-box><a href=#md-vcard-adr-post-office-box>post-office-box</a></code>, <code title=md-vcard-adr-extended-address><a href=#md-vcard-adr-extended-address>extended-address</a></code>, and <code title=md-vcard-adr-street-address><a href=#md-vcard-adr-street-address>street-address</a></code> properties, and optionally a <code title=md-vcard-adr-locality><a href=#md-vcard-adr-locality>locality</a></code> property, optionally a <code title=md-vcard-adr-region><a href=#md-vcard-adr-region>region</a></code> property, optionally a <code title=md-vcard-adr-postal-code><a href=#md-vcard-adr-postal-code>postal-code</a></code> property, and optionally a <code title=md-vcard-adr-country-name><a href=#md-vcard-adr-country-name>country-name</a></code> property.</p>
+
+ <p>If no <code title=md-vcard-adr-type><a href=#md-vcard-adr-type>type</a></code> properties are present within an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of an <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>, then the <a href=#address-type-strings title="address
+ type strings">address type string</a> <code title=md-vcard-type-adr-work><a href=#md-vcard-type-adr-work>work</a></code> is
+ implied.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-adr-type title=md-vcard-adr-type><code>type</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the type of delivery address.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that, when compared in a
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> manner, is equal to one of the <a href=#address-type-strings>address type
+ strings</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-adr-type><a href=#md-vcard-adr-type>type</a></code> may be
+ present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of an <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>, but within each such <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code> property <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> there must only
+ be one <code title=md-vcard-adr-type><a href=#md-vcard-adr-type>type</a></code> property per distinct value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-adr-post-office-box title=md-vcard-adr-post-office-box><code>post-office-box</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the post office box component of the delivery address of the person or
+ organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-adr-post-office-box><a href=#md-vcard-adr-post-office-box>post-office-box</a></code> may be present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of an <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The vCard specification urges authors not to use this field.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-adr-extended-address title=md-vcard-adr-extended-address><code>extended-address</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives an additional component of the delivery address of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-adr-extended-address><a href=#md-vcard-adr-extended-address>extended-address</a></code> may be present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of an <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The vCard specification urges authors not to use this field.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-adr-street-address title=md-vcard-adr-street-address><code>street-address</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the street address component of the delivery address of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-adr-street-address><a href=#md-vcard-adr-street-address>street-address</a></code> may be present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of an <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-adr-locality title=md-vcard-adr-locality><code>locality</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the locality component (e.g. city) of the delivery address of the person or
+ organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vcard-adr-locality><a href=#md-vcard-adr-locality>locality</a></code> may be
+ present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of an <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-adr-region title=md-vcard-adr-region><code>region</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the region component (e.g. state or province) of the delivery address of the person or
+ organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vcard-adr-region><a href=#md-vcard-adr-region>region</a></code> may be
+ present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of an <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-adr-postal-code title=md-vcard-adr-postal-code><code>postal-code</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the postal code component of the delivery address of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vcard-adr-postal-code><a href=#md-vcard-adr-postal-code>postal-code</a></code> may
+ be present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of an <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-adr-country-name title=md-vcard-adr-country-name><code>country-name</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the country name component of the delivery address of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vcard-adr-country-name><a href=#md-vcard-adr-country-name>country-name</a></code>
+ may be present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of an <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-tel title=md-vcard-tel><code>tel</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the telephone number of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be either text that can be
+ interpreted as a telephone number as defined in the CCITT specifications E.163 and X.121, or an
+ <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with zero or more <code title=md-vcard-tel-type><a href=#md-vcard-tel-type>type</a></code> properties and exactly one <code title=md-vcard-tel-value><a href=#md-vcard-tel-value>value</a></code> property. <a href=#refsE163>[E163]</a> <a href=#refsX121>[X121]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If no <code title=md-vcard-tel-type><a href=#md-vcard-tel-type>type</a></code> properties are present within an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of a <code title=md-vcard-tel><a href=#md-vcard-tel>tel</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>, or if the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of such a <code title=md-vcard-tel><a href=#md-vcard-tel>tel</a></code>
+ property is text, then the <a href=#telephone-type-strings title="telephone type strings">telephone type string</a>
+ <code title=md-vcard-type-tel-voice><a href=#md-vcard-type-tel-voice>voice</a></code> is implied.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-tel><a href=#md-vcard-tel>tel</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-tel-type title=md-vcard-tel-type><code>type</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-tel><a href=#md-vcard-tel>tel</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the type of telephone number.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that, when compared in a
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> manner, is equal to one of the <a href=#telephone-type-strings>telephone type
+ strings</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-tel-type><a href=#md-vcard-tel-type>type</a></code> may be
+ present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of a <code title=md-vcard-tel><a href=#md-vcard-tel>tel</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>, but within each such <code title=md-vcard-tel><a href=#md-vcard-tel>tel</a></code> property <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> there must only
+ be one <code title=md-vcard-tel-type><a href=#md-vcard-tel-type>type</a></code> property per distinct value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-tel-value title=md-vcard-tel-value><code>value</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-tel><a href=#md-vcard-tel>tel</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the actual telephone number of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that can be interpreted as
+ a telephone number as defined in the CCITT specifications E.163 and X.121. <a href=#refsE163>[E163]</a> <a href=#refsX121>[X121]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Exactly one property with the name <code title=md-vcard-tel-value><a href=#md-vcard-tel-value>value</a></code> must be
+ present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of a <code title=md-vcard-tel><a href=#md-vcard-tel>tel</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-email title=md-vcard-email><code>email</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the e-mail address of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-email><a href=#md-vcard-email>email</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-impp title=md-vcard-impp><code>impp</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a <a href=#url>URL</a> for instant messaging and presence protocol communications with the
+ person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-impp><a href=#md-vcard-impp>impp</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-lang title=md-vcard-lang><code>lang</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a language understood by the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be a valid BCP 47 language tag. <a href=#refsBCP47>[BCP47]</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-lang><a href=#md-vcard-lang>lang</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-tz title=md-vcard-tz><code>tz</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the time zone of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text and must match the
+ following syntax:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Either a U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+) or a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-).</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> that is exactly two digits long and that
+ represents a number in the range 00..23.</li>
+
+ <li>A U+003A COLON character (:).</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> that is exactly two digits long and that
+ represents a number in the range 00..59.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-tz><a href=#md-vcard-tz>tz</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-geo title=md-vcard-geo><code>geo</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the geographical position of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text and must match the
+ following syntax:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Optionally, either a U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+) or a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character
+ (-).</li>
+
+ <li>One or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally*, a U+002E FULL STOP character (.) followed by one or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII
+ digits</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>A U+003B SEMICOLON character (;).</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally, either a U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+) or a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character
+ (-).</li>
+
+ <li>One or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally*, a U+002E FULL STOP character (.) followed by one or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII
+ digits</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The optional components marked with an asterisk (*) should be included, and should have six
+ digits each.</p>
+
+ <!-- copied from vCard -->
+ <p class=note>The value specifies latitude and longitude, in that order (i.e., "LAT LON"
+ ordering), in decimal degrees. The longitude represents the location east and west of the prime
+ meridian as a positive or negative real number, respectively. The latitude represents the
+ location north and south of the equator as a positive or negative real number, respectively.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-geo><a href=#md-vcard-geo>geo</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-title title=md-vcard-title><code>title</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the job title, functional position or function of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-title><a href=#md-vcard-title>title</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-role title=md-vcard-role><code>role</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the role, occupation, or business category of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-role><a href=#md-vcard-role>role</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-logo title=md-vcard-logo><code>logo</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the logo of the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-logo><a href=#md-vcard-logo>logo</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-agent title=md-vcard-agent><code>agent</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the contact information of another person who will act on behalf of the person or
+ organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be either an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>, or an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>,
+ or text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-agent><a href=#md-vcard-agent>agent</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-org title=md-vcard-org><code>org</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the name and units of the organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be either text or an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with one <code title=md-vcard-org-organization-name><a href=#md-vcard-org-organization-name>organization-name</a></code> property and zero or more <code title=md-vcard-n-organization-unit>organization-unit</code> properties.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-org><a href=#md-vcard-org>org</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-org-organization-name title=md-vcard-org-organization-name><code>organization-name</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-org><a href=#md-vcard-org>org</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the name of the organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Exactly one property with the name <code title=md-vcard-org-organization-name><a href=#md-vcard-org-organization-name>organization-name</a></code> must be present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of an <code title=md-vcard-org><a href=#md-vcard-org>org</a></code> property
+ of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-org-organization-unit title=md-vcard-org-organization-unit><code>organization-unit</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-org><a href=#md-vcard-org>org</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the name of the organization unit.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-org-organization-unit><a href=#md-vcard-org-organization-unit>organization-unit</a></code> may be present within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the <code title=md-vcard-org><a href=#md-vcard-org>org</a></code>
+ property of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-member title=md-vcard-member><code>member</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a <a href=#url>URL</a> that represents a member of the group.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-member><a href=#md-vcard-member>member</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code> if the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> also has a property with the name <code title=md-vcard-kind><a href=#md-vcard-kind>kind</a></code> whose value is "<code title=md-vcard-kind-group><a href=#md-vcard-kind-group>group</a></code>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-related title=md-vcard-related><code>related</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a relationship to another entity.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with one <code title=md-vcard-org-related-url><a href=#md-vcard-org-related-url>url</a></code>
+ property and one <code title=md-vcard-org-related-rel><a href=#md-vcard-org-related-rel>rel</a></code> properties.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-related><a href=#md-vcard-related>orrelated</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-org-related-url title=md-vcard-org-related-url><code>url</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-related><a href=#md-vcard-related>related</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the <a href=#url>URL</a> for the related entity.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Exactly one property with the name <code title=md-vcard-org-url>url</code> must be present
+ within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of a <code title=md-vcard-related><a href=#md-vcard-related>related</a></code>
+ property of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-org-related-rel title=md-vcard-org-related-rel><code>rel</code></dfn> (inside <code title=md-vcard-related><a href=#md-vcard-related>related</a></code>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the relationship between the entity and the related entity.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that, when compared in a
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> manner, is equal to one of the <a href=#relationship-strings>relationship
+ strings</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Exactly one property with the name <code title=md-vcard-org-rel>rel</code> must be present
+ within the <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> that forms the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of a <code title=md-vcard-related><a href=#md-vcard-related>related</a></code>
+ property of an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-categories title=md-vcard-categories><code>categories</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the name of a category or tag that the person or organization could be classified
+ as.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-categories><a href=#md-vcard-categories>categories</a></code>
+ may be present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-note title=md-vcard-note><code>note</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives supplemental information or a comment about the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-note><a href=#md-vcard-note>note</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <!-- PRODID not included -->
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rev title=md-vcard-rev><code>rev</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the revision date and time of the contact information.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that is a <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid
+ global date and time string</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- copied from vCard -->
+ <p class=note>The value distinguishes the current revision of the information for other
+ renditions of the information.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-rev><a href=#md-vcard-rev>rev</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-sound title=md-vcard-sound><code>sound</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a sound file relating to the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-sound><a href=#md-vcard-sound>sound</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-uid title=md-vcard-uid><code>uid</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a globally unique identifier corresponding to the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vcard-uid><a href=#md-vcard-uid>uid</a></code> may be present within
+ each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <!-- CLIENTPIDMAP not included since the global parameters are not included -->
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-url title=md-vcard-url><code>url</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a <a href=#url>URL</a> relating to the person or organization.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vcard-url><a href=#md-vcard-url>url</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <!-- VERSION not included - always 4.0 -->
+
+ <!-- KEY not included - no way to include binary data at this time -->
+
+ <!-- FBURL, CALADRURI, CALURI not included - unclear how calendars would be exposed on the web -->
+
+ </dl><p>The <dfn id=kind-strings>kind strings</dfn> are:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=md-vcard-kind-individual title=md-vcard-kind-individual><code>individual</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a single entity (e.g. a person).</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-kind-group title=md-vcard-kind-group><code>group</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates multiple entities (e.g. a mailing list).</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-kind-org title=md-vcard-kind-org><code>org</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a single entity that is not a person (e.g. a company).</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-kind-location title=md-vcard-kind-location><code>location</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a geographical place (e.g. an office building).</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- update this when http://www.iana.org/assignments/vcard-elements/vcard-elements.xml#property-values is updated -->
+
+ </dl><p>The <dfn id=address-type-strings>address type strings</dfn> are:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=md-vcard-type-adr-home title=md-vcard-type-adr-home><code>home</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a delivery address for a residence.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-type-adr-work title=md-vcard-type-adr-work><code>work</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a delivery address for a place of work.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <dfn id=telephone-type-strings>telephone type strings</dfn> are:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=md-vcard-type-tel-home title=md-vcard-type-tel-home><code>home</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a residential number.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-type-tel-work title=md-vcard-type-tel-work><code>work</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a telephone number for a place of work.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-type-tel-text title=md-vcard-type-tel-text><code>text</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates that the telephone number supports text messages (SMS).</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-type-tel-voice title=md-vcard-type-tel-voice><code>voice</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a voice telephone number.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-type-tel-fax title=md-vcard-type-tel-fax><code>fax</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a facsimile telephone number.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-type-tel-cell title=md-vcard-type-tel-cell><code>cell</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a cellular telephone number.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-type-tel-video title=md-vcard-type-tel-video><code>video</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a video conferencing telephone number.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-type-tel-pager title=md-vcard-type-tel-pager><code>pager</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a paging device telephone number.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-type-tel-textphone title=md-vcard-type-tel-textphone><code>textphone</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Indicates a telecommunication device for people with hearing or speech difficulties.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <dfn id=relationship-strings>relationship strings</dfn> are:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-emergency title=md-vcard-rel-emergency><code>emergency</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>An emergency contact.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-agent title=md-vcard-rel-agent><code>agent</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Another entity that acts on behalf of this entity.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-contact title=md-vcard-rel-contact>contact</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-acquaintance title=md-vcard-rel-acquaintance>acquaintance</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-friend title=md-vcard-rel-friend>friend</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-met title=md-vcard-rel-met>met</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-co-worker title=md-vcard-rel-co-worker>worker</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-colleague title=md-vcard-rel-colleague>colleague</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-co-resident title=md-vcard-rel-co-resident>resident</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-neighbor title=md-vcard-rel-neighbor>neighbor</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-child title=md-vcard-rel-child>child</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-parent title=md-vcard-rel-parent>parent</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-sibling title=md-vcard-rel-sibling>sibling</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-spouse title=md-vcard-rel-spouse>spouse</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-kin title=md-vcard-rel-kin>kin</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-muse title=md-vcard-rel-muse>muse</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-crush title=md-vcard-rel-crush>crush</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-date title=md-vcard-rel-date>date</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-sweetheart title=md-vcard-rel-sweetheart>sweetheart</dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vcard-rel-me title=md-vcard-rel-me>me</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Has the meaning defined in XFN. <a href=#refsXFN>[XFN]</a></p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- update this when http://www.iana.org/assignments/vcard-elements/vcard-elements.xml#parameter-values is updated -->
+ </dl><h5 id=conversion-to-vcard><span class=secno>5.4.1.1 </span>Conversion to vCard</h5>
+
+ <p>Given a list of nodes <var title="">nodes</var> in a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, a user agent must
+ run the following algorithm to <dfn id=extracting-a-vcard title="extracting a vCard">extract any vCard data represented
+ by those nodes</dfn> (only the first vCard is returned):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If none of the nodes in <var title="">nodes</var> are <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a> with the <a href=#item-types title="item types">item type</a> <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>, then there is no vCard. Abort the
+ algorithm, returning nothing.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">node</var> be the first node in <var title="">nodes</var> that is an
+ <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the <a href=#item-types title="item types">item type</a> <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be an empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#add-a-vcard-line>Add a vCard line</a> with the type "<code title="">BEGIN</code>" and the value
+ "<code title="">VCARD</code>" to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#add-a-vcard-line>Add a vCard line</a> with the type "<code title="">PROFILE</code>" and the value
+ "<code title="">VCARD</code>" to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#add-a-vcard-line>Add a vCard line</a> with the type "<code title="">VERSION</code>" and the value
+ "<code title="">4.0</code>" to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#add-a-vcard-line>Add a vCard line</a> with the type "<code title="">SOURCE</code>" and the result
+ of <a href=#escaping-the-vcard-text-string>escaping the vCard text string</a> that is <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> as the
+ value to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#the-title-element-0>the <code>title</code> element</a> is not null, <a href=#add-a-vcard-line>add a vCard line</a>
+ with the type "<code title="">NAME</code>" and with the result of <a href=#escaping-the-vcard-text-string>escaping the vCard text
+ string</a> obtained from the <code><a href=#textcontent>textContent</a></code> of <a href=#the-title-element-0>the <code>title</code>
+ element</a> as the value to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">sex</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">gender-identity</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each element <var title="">element</var> that is <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the properties of an
+ item">a property of the item</a> <var title="">node</var>: for each name <var title="">name</var> in <var title="">element</var>'s <a href=#property-names>property names</a>, run the
+ following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">parameters</var> be an empty set of name-value pairs.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the appropriate set of substeps from the following list. The steps will set a variable
+ <var title="">value</var>, which is used in the next step.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> <var title="">subitem</var> and <var title="">name</var> is
+ <code title=md-vcard-n><a href=#md-vcard-n>n</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-the-first-vcard-subproperty>collecting the first vCard
+ subproperty</a> named <code title=md-vcard-n-family-name><a href=#md-vcard-n-family-name>family-name</a></code> in <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-the-first-vcard-subproperty>collecting the first vCard
+ subproperty</a> named <code title=md-vcard-n-given-name><a href=#md-vcard-n-given-name>given-name</a></code> in <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-the-first-vcard-subproperty>collecting the first vCard
+ subproperty</a> named <code title=md-vcard-n-additional-name><a href=#md-vcard-n-additional-name>additional-name</a></code> in
+ <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-the-first-vcard-subproperty>collecting the first vCard
+ subproperty</a> named <code title=md-vcard-n-honorific-prefix><a href=#md-vcard-n-honorific-prefix>honorific-prefix</a></code>
+ in <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-the-first-vcard-subproperty>collecting the first vCard
+ subproperty</a> named <code title=md-vcard-n-honorific-suffix><a href=#md-vcard-n-honorific-suffix>honorific-suffix</a></code>
+ in <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>If the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> <var title="">subitem</var> and <var title="">name</var> is
+ <code title=md-vcard-adr><a href=#md-vcard-adr>adr</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-vcard-subproperties>collecting vCard
+ subproperties</a> named <code title=md-vcard-adr-post-office-box><a href=#md-vcard-adr-post-office-box>post-office-box</a></code> in <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-vcard-subproperties>collecting vCard
+ subproperties</a> named <code title=md-vcard-adr-extended-address><a href=#md-vcard-adr-extended-address>extended-address</a></code> in <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-vcard-subproperties>collecting vCard
+ subproperties</a> named <code title=md-vcard-adr-street-address><a href=#md-vcard-adr-street-address>street-address</a></code>
+ in <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-the-first-vcard-subproperty>collecting the first vCard
+ subproperty</a> named <code title=md-vcard-adr-locality><a href=#md-vcard-adr-locality>locality</a></code> in <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-the-first-vcard-subproperty>collecting the first vCard
+ subproperty</a> named <code title=md-vcard-adr-region><a href=#md-vcard-adr-region>region</a></code> in <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-the-first-vcard-subproperty>collecting the first vCard
+ subproperty</a> named <code title=md-vcard-adr-postal-code><a href=#md-vcard-adr-postal-code>postal-code</a></code> in <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-the-first-vcard-subproperty>collecting the first vCard
+ subproperty</a> named <code title=md-vcard-adr-country-name><a href=#md-vcard-adr-country-name>country-name</a></code> in
+ <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a property named <code title=md-vcard-adr-type><a href=#md-vcard-adr-type>type</a></code> in <var title="">subitem</var>, and the first such property has a <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> that is not an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> and whose value consists only of <a href=#alphanumeric-ascii-characters>alphanumeric ASCII
+ characters</a>, then add a parameter named "<code title="">TYPE</code>" whose value is
+ the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of that property to <var title="">parameters</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>If the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> <var title="">subitem</var> and <var title="">name</var> is
+ <code title=md-vcard-org><a href=#md-vcard-org>org</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">value</var> the result of <a href=#collecting-the-first-vcard-subproperty>collecting the first vCard
+ subproperty</a> named <code title=md-vcard-org-organization-name><a href=#md-vcard-org-organization-name>organization-name</a></code> in <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each property named <code title=md-vcard-org-organization-unit><a href=#md-vcard-org-organization-unit>organization-unit</a></code> in <var title="">subitem</var>, run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the property is an
+ <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>, then skip this property.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the result of <a href=#escaping-the-vcard-text-string>escaping the vCard text string</a> given by the
+ <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the property to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>If the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> <var title="">subitem</var> with the <a href=#item-types title="item
+ types">item type</a> <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>
+ and <var title="">name</var> is <code title=md-vcard-related><a href=#md-vcard-related>related</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a property named <code title=md-vcard-related-url>url</code> in <var title="">subitem</var>, and its element is a <a href=#url-property-elements title="URL property elements">URL
+ property element</a>, then append the result of <a href=#escaping-the-vcard-text-string>escaping the vCard text
+ string</a> given by the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the first
+ such property to <var title="">value</var>, and add a parameter with the name "<code title="">VALUE</code>" and the value "<code title="">URI</code>" to <var title="">parameters</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a property named <code title=md-vcard-related-rel>rel</code> in <var title="">subitem</var>, and the first such property has a <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> that is not an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> and whose value consists only of <a href=#alphanumeric-ascii-characters>alphanumeric ASCII
+ characters</a>, then add a parameter named "<code title="">RELATION</code>" whose value
+ is the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of that property to <var title="">parameters</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>If the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> and <var title="">name</var> is none of the above</dt>
+
+ <!-- tel, adr -->
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the result of <a href=#collecting-the-first-vcard-subproperty>collecting the first vCard
+ subproperty</a> named <code title="">value</code> in <var title="">subitem</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a property named <code title="">type</code> in <var title="">subitem</var>, and the first such property has a <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> that is not an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> and whose value consists only of <a href=#alphanumeric-ascii-characters>alphanumeric ASCII
+ characters</a>, then add a parameter named "<code title="">TYPE</code>" whose value is
+ the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of that property to <var title="">parameters</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is not an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> and its <var title="">name</var> is <code title=md-vcard-sex><a href=#md-vcard-sex>sex</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If this is the first such property to be found, set <var title="">sex</var> to the
+ property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is not an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> and its <var title="">name</var> is <code title=md-vcard-gender-identity><a href=#md-vcard-gender-identity>gender-identity</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If this is the first such property to be found, set <var title="">gender-identity</var>
+ to the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise (the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is not an
+ <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">element</var> is one of the <a href=#url-property-elements>URL property elements</a>, add
+ a parameter with the name "<code title="">VALUE</code>" and the value "<code title="">URI</code>" to <var title="">parameters</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if <var title="">name</var> is <code title=md-vcard-bday><a href=#md-vcard-bday>bday</a></code> or
+ <code title=md-vcard-anniversary><a href=#md-vcard-anniversary>anniversary</a></code> and the <var title="">value</var> is
+ a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a>, add a parameter with the name "<code title="">VALUE</code>" and the value "<code title="">DATE</code>" to <var title="">parameters</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if <var title="">name</var> is <code title=md-vcard-rev><a href=#md-vcard-rev>rev</a></code> and
+ the <var title="">value</var> is a <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a>, add a
+ parameter with the name "<code title="">VALUE</code>" and the value "<code title="">DATE-TIME</code>" to <var title="">parameters</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Prefix every U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\) in <var title="">value</var> with
+ another U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Prefix every U+002C COMMA character (,) in <var title="">value</var> with a U+005C
+ REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Unless <var title="">name</var> is <code title=md-vcard-geo><a href=#md-vcard-geo>geo</a></code>, prefix
+ every U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) in <var title="">value</var> with a U+005C REVERSE
+ SOLIDUS character (\).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace every U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN U+000A LINE FEED character pair (CRLF) in <var title="">value</var> with a U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\) followed by a U+006E LATIN
+ SMALL LETTER N character (n).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace every remaining U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) or U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
+ character in <var title="">value</var> with a U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\) followed
+ by a U+006E LATIN SMALL LETTER N character (n).</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#add-a-vcard-line>Add a vCard line</a> with the type <var title="">name</var>, the parameters <var title="">parameters</var>, and the value <var title="">value</var> to <var title="">output</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If either <var title="">sex</var> or <var title="">gender-identity</var> has a value that
+ is not the empty string, <a href=#add-a-vcard-line>add a vCard line</a> with the type "<code title="">GENDER</code>" and the value consisting of the concatenation of <var title="">sex</var>,
+ a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;), and <var title="">gender-identity</var> to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#add-a-vcard-line>Add a vCard line</a> with the type "<code title="">END</code>" and the value
+ "<code title="">VCARD</code>" to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the above algorithm says that the user agent is to <dfn id=add-a-vcard-line>add a vCard line</dfn> consisting
+ of a type <var title="">type</var>, optionally some parameters, and a value <var title="">value</var> to a string <var title="">output</var>, it must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">line</var> be an empty string.
+
+ <li><p>Append <var title="">type</var>, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-uppercase>converted to ASCII uppercase</a>, to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there are any parameters, then for each parameter, in the order that they were added, run
+ these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the parameter's name to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+003D EQUALS SIGN character (=) to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the parameter's value to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+003A COLON character (:) to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append <var title="">value</var> to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">maximum length</var> be 75.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If and while <var title="">line</var> is longer than <var title="">maximum length</var>
+ Unicode code points long, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Append the first <var title="">maximum length</var> Unicode code points of <var title="">line</var> to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove the first <var title="">maximum length</var> Unicode code points from <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN character (CR) to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+000A LINE FEED character (LF) to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+0020 SPACE character to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">maximum length</var> be 74.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Append (what remains of) <var title="">line</var> to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN character (CR) to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+000A LINE FEED character (LF) to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the steps above require the user agent to obtain the result of <dfn id=collecting-vcard-subproperties>collecting vCard
+ subproperties</dfn> named <var title="">subname</var> in <var title="">subitem</var>, the user
+ agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each property named <var title="">subname</var> in the item <var title="">subitem</var>,
+ run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the property is itself an
+ <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>, then skip this property.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this is not the first property named <var title="">subname</var> in <var title="">subitem</var> (ignoring any that were skipped by the previous step), then append a
+ U+002C COMMA character (,) to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the result of <a href=#escaping-the-vcard-text-string>escaping the vCard text string</a> given by the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the property to <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the steps above require the user agent to obtain the result of <dfn id=collecting-the-first-vcard-subproperty>collecting the first
+ vCard subproperty</dfn> named <var title="">subname</var> in <var title="">subitem</var>, the user
+ agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If there are no properties named <var title="">subname</var> in <var title="">subitem</var>, then abort these substeps, returning the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the first property named <var title="">subname</var> in <var title="">subitem</var> is an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>, then abort these substeps, returning the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the result of <a href=#escaping-the-vcard-text-string>escaping the vCard text string</a> given by the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the first property named <var title="">subname</var> in <var title="">subitem</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the above algorithms say the user agent is to <dfn id=escaping-the-vcard-text-string title="escaping the vCard text
+ string">escape the vCard text string</dfn> <var title="">value</var>, the user agent must use the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Prefix every U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\) in <var title="">value</var> with
+ another U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Prefix every U+002C COMMA character (,) in <var title="">value</var> with a U+005C REVERSE
+ SOLIDUS character (\).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Prefix every U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) in <var title="">value</var> with a U+005C
+ REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace every U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN U+000A LINE FEED character pair (CRLF) in <var title="">value</var> with a U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\) followed by a U+006E LATIN SMALL
+ LETTER N character (n).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace every remaining U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) or U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character in
+ <var title="">value</var> with a U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\) followed by a U+006E LATIN
+ SMALL LETTER N character (n).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the mutated <var title="">value</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This algorithm can generate invalid vCard output, if the input does not conform to
+ the rules described for the <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>
+ <a href=#item-types title="item types">item type</a> and <a href=#defined-property-name title="defined property name">defined property
+ names</a>.</p> <!-- of course since vcard doesn't define error handling, this is somewhat
+ problematic. -->
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=examples-0><span class=secno>5.4.1.2 </span>Examples</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is a long example vCard for a fictional character called "Jack Bauer":</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;section id="jack" itemscope itemtype="http://microformats.org/profile/hcard"&gt;
+ &lt;h1 itemprop="fn"&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="n" itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="given-name"&gt;Jack&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="family-name"&gt;Bauer&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;img itemprop="photo" alt="" src="jack-bauer.jpg"&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="org" itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="organization-name"&gt;Counter-Terrorist Unit&lt;/span&gt;
+ (&lt;span itemprop="organization-unit"&gt;Los Angeles Division&lt;/span&gt;)
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="adr" itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="street-address"&gt;10201 W. Pico Blvd.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="locality"&gt;Los Angeles&lt;/span&gt;,
+ &lt;span itemprop="region"&gt;CA&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="postal-code"&gt;90064&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="country-name"&gt;United States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
+ &lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="geo"&gt;34.052339;-118.410623&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Assorted Contact Methods&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;ul&gt;
+ &lt;li itemprop="tel" itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="value"&gt;+1 (310) 597 3781&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span itemprop="type"&gt;work&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;meta itemprop="type" content="voice"&gt;
+ &lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a itemprop="url" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Bauer"&gt;I'm on Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;
+ so you can leave a message on my user talk page.&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li&gt;&lt;a itemprop="url" href="http://www.jackbauerfacts.com/"&gt;Jack Bauer Facts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li itemprop="email"&gt;&lt;a href="mailto:j.bauer@la.ctu.gov.invalid"&gt;j.bauer@la.ctu.gov.invalid&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li itemprop="tel" itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="value"&gt;+1 (310) 555 3781&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;
+ &lt;meta itemprop="type" content="cell"&gt;mobile phone&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;ins datetime="2008-07-20 21:00:00+01:00"&gt;
+ &lt;meta itemprop="rev" content="2008-07-20 21:00:00+01:00"&gt;
+ &lt;p itemprop="tel" itemscope&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update!&lt;/strong&gt;
+ My new &lt;span itemprop="type"&gt;home&lt;/span&gt; phone number is
+ &lt;span itemprop="value"&gt;01632 960 123&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/ins&gt;
+&lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The odd line wrapping is needed because newlines are meaningful in microdata: newlines would
+ be preserved in a conversion to, for example, the vCard format.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows a site's contact details (using the <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code> element)
+ containing an address with two street components:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;address itemscope itemtype="http://microformats.org/profile/hcard"&gt;
+ &lt;strong itemprop="fn"&gt;&lt;span itemprop="n" itemscope&gt;&lt;span itemprop="given-name"&gt;Alfred&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="family-name"&gt;Person&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="adr" itemscope&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="street-address"&gt;1600 Amphitheatre Parkway&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="street-address"&gt;Building 43, Second Floor&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="locality"&gt;Mountain View&lt;/span&gt;,
+ &lt;span itemprop="region"&gt;CA&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span itemprop="postal-code"&gt;94043&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;/address&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The vCard vocabulary can be used to just mark up people's names:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;span itemscope itemtype="http://microformats.org/profile/hcard"
+&gt;&lt;span itemprop=fn&gt;&lt;span itemprop="n" itemscope&gt;&lt;span itemprop="given-name"
+&gt;George&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span itemprop="family-name"&gt;Washington&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span
+&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This creates a single item with a two name-value pairs, one with the name "fn" and the value
+ "George Washington", and the other with the name "n" and a second item as its value, the second
+ item having the two name-value pairs "given-name" and "family-name" with the values "George" and
+ "Washington" respectively. This is defined to map to the following vCard:</p>
+
+ <pre>BEGIN:VCARD
+PROFILE:VCARD
+VERSION:4.0
+SOURCE:<var title="">document's address</var>
+FN:George Washington
+N:Washington;George;;;
+END:VCARD</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=vevent><span class=secno>5.4.2 </span>vEvent</h4>
+
+ <p>An item with the <a href=#item-types title="item types">item type</a> <dfn id=md-vevent title=md-vevent><code>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</code></dfn> represents
+ an event.</p>
+
+ <p>This vocabulary does not <a href=#support-global-identifiers-for-items>support global identifiers for items</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following are the type's <a href=#defined-property-name title="defined property name">defined property names</a>.
+ They are based on the vocabulary defined in the iCalendar specification, where more information on
+ how to interpret the values can be found. <a href=#refsRFC2445>[RFC2445]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>Only the parts of the iCalendar vocabulary relating to events are used here; this
+ vocabulary cannot express a complete iCalendar instance.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=md-vevent-attach title=md-vevent-attach><code>attach</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the address of an associated document for the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vevent-attach><a href=#md-vevent-attach>attach</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-categories title=md-vevent-categories><code>categories</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the name of a category or tag that the event could be classified as.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vevent-categories><a href=#md-vevent-categories>categories</a></code>
+ may be present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-class title=md-vevent-class><code>class</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the access classification of the information regarding the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text with one of the following
+ values:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title="">public</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">private</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">confidential</code></li>
+ </ul><p class=warning>This is merely advisory and cannot be considered a confidentiality
+ measure.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-class><a href=#md-vevent-class>class</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-comment title=md-vevent-comment><code>comment</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a comment regarding the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vevent-comment><a href=#md-vevent-comment>comment</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-description title=md-vevent-description><code>description</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a detailed description of the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-description><a href=#md-vevent-description>description</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-geo title=md-vevent-geo><code>geo</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the geographical position of the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text and must match the
+ following syntax:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Optionally, either a U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+) or a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character
+ (-).</li>
+
+ <li>One or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally*, a U+002E FULL STOP character (.) followed by one or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII
+ digits</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>A U+003B SEMICOLON character (;).</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally, either a U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+) or a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character
+ (-).</li>
+
+ <li>One or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally*, a U+002E FULL STOP character (.) followed by one or more <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII
+ digits</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The optional components marked with an asterisk (*) should be included, and should have six
+ digits each.</p> <!-- iCalendar actually limits the range to -91.0 < lat < 91.0; -181.0 < long <
+ 181.0, which seems weird. It also gives special meanings to +90/-90 lat, and +180 long. -->
+
+ <!-- copied from vcard (not icalendar!) -->
+ <p class=note>The value specifies latitude and longitude, in that order (i.e., "LAT LON"
+ ordering), in decimal degrees. The longitude represents the location east and west of the prime
+ meridian as a positive or negative real number, respectively. The latitude represents the
+ location north and south of the equator as a positive or negative real number, respectively.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-geo><a href=#md-vevent-geo>geo</a></code> may be present within
+ each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-location title=md-vevent-location><code>location</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the location of the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p> <!-- v2: support
+ vcard here -->
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-location><a href=#md-vevent-location>location</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <!-- PRIORITY not included - always 0 - doesn't make sense for single events -->
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-resources title=md-vevent-resources><code>resources</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a resource that will be needed for the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p> <!-- v2: support
+ vcard here -->
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vevent-resources><a href=#md-vevent-resources>resources</a></code> may
+ be present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-status title=md-vevent-status><code>status</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the confirmation status of the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text with one of the following
+ values:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title="">tentative</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">confirmed</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">cancelled</code></li> <!-- two Ls as per iCalendar spec -->
+ </ul><p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-status><a href=#md-vevent-status>status</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-summary title=md-vevent-summary><code>summary</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a short summary of the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should replace U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters in the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> by U+0020 SPACE characters when using the value.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-summary><a href=#md-vevent-summary>summary</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-dtend title=md-vevent-dtend><code>dtend</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the date and time by which the event ends.</p>
+
+ <p>If the property with the name <code title=md-vevent-dtend><a href=#md-vevent-dtend>dtend</a></code> is present within an
+ <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code> that has a property
+ with the name <code title=md-vevent-dtstart><a href=#md-vevent-dtstart>dtstart</a></code> whose value is a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date
+ string</a>, then the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the property with
+ the name <code title=md-vevent-dtend><a href=#md-vevent-dtend>dtend</a></code> must be text that is a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date
+ string</a> also. Otherwise, the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> of the
+ property must be text that is a <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>In either case, the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> be later in time than
+ the value of the <code title=md-event-dtstart>dtstart</code> property of the same <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The time given by the <code title=md-vevent-dtend><a href=#md-vevent-dtend>dtend</a></code> property is not
+ inclusive. For day-long events, therefore, the <code title=md-vevent-dtend><a href=#md-vevent-dtend>dtend</a></code>
+ property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> will be the day <em>after</em> the
+ end of the event.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-dtend><a href=#md-vevent-dtend>dtend</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>, so long as that <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code> does not have a
+ property with the name <code title=md-vevent-duration><a href=#md-vevent-duration>duration</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-dtstart title=md-vevent-dtstart><code>dtstart</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the date and time at which the event starts.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that is either a
+ <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a> or a <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Exactly one property with the name <code title=md-vevent-dtstart><a href=#md-vevent-dtstart>dtstart</a></code> must be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-duration title=md-vevent-duration><code>duration</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the duration of the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that is a <a href=#valid-vevent-duration-string>valid
+ vevent duration string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The duration represented is the sum of all the durations represented by integers in the
+ value.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-duration><a href=#md-vevent-duration>duration</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>, so long as that <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code> does not have a
+ property with the name <code title=md-vevent-dtend><a href=#md-vevent-dtend>dtend</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-transp title=md-vevent-transp><code>transp</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives whether the event is to be considered as consuming time on a calendar, for the purpose
+ of free-busy time searches.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text with one of the following
+ values:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title="">opaque</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">transparent</code></li>
+ </ul><p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-transp><a href=#md-vevent-transp>transp</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <!-- ATTENDEE not included; iCalendar says MUST NOT be included in
+ published events -->
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-contact title=md-vevent-contact><code>contact</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the contact information for the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p> <!-- v2: support
+ vcard here -->
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vevent-contact><a href=#md-vevent-contact>contact</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <!-- ORGANIZER not included, as it is calendar-system-specific (gives a CAL-ADDRESS value); use
+ CONTACT instead -->
+
+
+ <!-- RECURRENCE-ID not included... unclear how to make it usefully work here -->
+
+
+ <!-- RELATED-TO not included, as it only makes sense for complete calendars -->
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-url title=md-vevent-url><code>url</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a <a href=#url>URL</a> for the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-url><a href=#md-vevent-url>url</a></code> may be present within
+ each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-uid title=md-vevent-uid><code>uid</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a globally unique identifier corresponding to the event.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-uid><a href=#md-vevent-uid>uid</a></code> may be present within
+ each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-exdate title=md-vevent-exdate><code>exdate</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a date and time at which the event does not occur despite the recurrence rules.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that is either a
+ <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a> or a <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vevent-exdate><a href=#md-vevent-exdate>exdate</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-exrule title=md-vevent-exrule><code>exrule</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a rule for finding dates and times at which the event does not occur despite the
+ recurrence rules.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that matches the RECUR
+ value type defined in the iCalendar specification. <a href=#refsRFC2445>[RFC2445]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vevent-exrule><a href=#md-vevent-exrule>exrule</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-rdate title=md-vevent-rdate><code>rdate</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a date and time at which the event recurs.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that is one of the
+ following:
+
+ <ul><li>A <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a> followed by a U+002F SOLIDUS character (/)
+ followed by a second <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a> representing a later
+ time.</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a> followed by a U+002F SOLIDUS character (/)
+ followed by a <a href=#valid-vevent-duration-string>valid vevent duration string</a>.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vevent-rdate><a href=#md-vevent-rdate>rdate</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-rrule title=md-vevent-rrule><code>rrule</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a rule for finding dates and times at which the event occurs.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that matches the RECUR
+ value type defined in the iCalendar specification. <a href=#refsRFC2445>[RFC2445]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-vevent-rrule><a href=#md-vevent-rrule>rrule</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-created title=md-vevent-created><code>created</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the date and time at which the event information was first created in a calendaring
+ system.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that is a <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid
+ global date and time string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-created><a href=#md-vevent-created>created</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <!-- DTSTAMP not included, it gets added when serialising -->
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-last-modified title=md-vevent-last-modified><code>last-modified</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the date and time at which the event information was last modified in a calendaring
+ system.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that is a <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid
+ global date and time string</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-last-modified><a href=#md-vevent-last-modified>last-modified</a></code>
+ may be present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-vevent-sequence title=md-vevent-sequence><code>sequence</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives a revision number for the event information.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be text that is a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid
+ non-negative integer</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-vevent-sequence><a href=#md-vevent-sequence>sequence</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <!-- REQUEST-STATUS not included, calendaring system interop
+ feature -->
+
+
+ </dl><p>A string is a <dfn id=valid-vevent-duration-string>valid vevent duration string</dfn> if it matches the following pattern:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>A U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P character (P).</li>
+
+ <li>One of the following:
+
+ <ul><li> A <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> followed by a U+0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W
+ character (W). The integer represents a duration of that number of weeks. </li>
+
+ <li> At least one, and possible both in this order, of the following:
+
+ <ol><li> A <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> followed by a U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D
+ character (D). The integer represents a duration of that number of days. </li>
+
+ <li> A U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T character (T) followed by any one of the following, or
+ the first and second of the following in that order, or the second and third of the following
+ in that order, or all three of the following in this order:
+
+ <ol><li> A <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> followed by a U+0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H
+ character (H). The integer represents a duration of that number of hours. </li>
+
+ <li> A <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> followed by a U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M
+ character (M). The integer represents a duration of that number of minutes. </li>
+
+ <li> A <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> followed by a U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S
+ character (S). The integer represents a duration of that number of seconds. </li>
+
+ </ol></ol></li>
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ </ol><h5 id=conversion-to-icalendar><span class=secno>5.4.2.1 </span>Conversion to iCalendar</h5>
+
+ <p>Given a list of nodes <var title="">nodes</var> in a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, a user agent must
+ run the following algorithm to <dfn id=extracting-vevent-data title="extracting vEvent data">extract any vEvent data
+ represented by those nodes</dfn>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If none of the nodes in <var title="">nodes</var> are <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>items</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>, then there is no
+ vEvent data. Abort the algorithm, returning nothing.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be an empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#add-an-icalendar-line>Add an iCalendar line</a> with the type "<code title="">BEGIN</code>" and the
+ value "<code title="">VCALENDAR</code>" to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#add-an-icalendar-line>Add an iCalendar line</a> with the type "<code title="">PRODID</code>" and the
+ value equal to a user-agent-specific string representing the user agent to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#add-an-icalendar-line>Add an iCalendar line</a> with the type "<code title="">VERSION</code>" and the
+ value "<code title="">2.0</code>" to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each node <var title="">node</var> in <var title="">nodes</var> that is an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code>, run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#add-an-icalendar-line>Add an iCalendar line</a> with the type "<code title="">BEGIN</code>" and the
+ value "<code title="">VEVENT</code>" to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#add-an-icalendar-line>Add an iCalendar line</a> with the type "<code title="">DTSTAMP</code>" and a
+ value consisting of an iCalendar DATE-TIME string representing the current date and time, with
+ the annotation "<code title="">VALUE=DATE-TIME</code>", to <var title="">output</var>. <a href=#refsRFC2445>[RFC2445]</a></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each element <var title="">element</var> that is <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the properties of an
+ item">a property of the item</a> <var title="">node</var>: for each name <var title="">name</var> in <var title="">element</var>'s <a href=#property-names>property names</a>, run the
+ appropriate set of substeps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Skip the property.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the property is <code title=md-event-dtend>dtend</code></dt>
+ <dt>If the property is <code title=md-event-dtstart>dtstart</code></dt>
+ <dt>If the property is <code title=md-event-exdate>exdate</code></dt>
+ <dt>If the property is <code title=md-event-rdate>rdate</code></dt>
+ <dt>If the property is <code title=md-event-created>created</code></dt>
+ <dt>If the property is <code title=md-event-last-modified>last-modified</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the result of stripping all U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-) and
+ U+003A COLON (:) characters from the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is a <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date
+ string</a> then <a href=#add-an-icalendar-line>add an iCalendar line</a> with the type <var title="">name</var>
+ and the value <var title="">value</var> to <var title="">output</var>, with the annotation
+ "<code title="">VALUE=DATE</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> is a
+ <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a> then <a href=#add-an-icalendar-line>add an iCalendar line</a> with
+ the type <var title="">name</var> and the value <var title="">value</var> to <var title="">output</var>, with the annotation "<code title="">VALUE=DATE-TIME</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise skip the property.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#add-an-icalendar-line>Add an iCalendar line</a> with the type <var title="">name</var> and the
+ property's <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> to <var title="">output</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#add-an-icalendar-line>Add an iCalendar line</a> with the type "<code title="">END</code>" and the
+ value "<code title="">VEVENT</code>" to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#add-an-icalendar-line>Add an iCalendar line</a> with the type "<code title="">END</code>" and the value
+ "<code title="">VCALENDAR</code>" to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the above algorithm says that the user agent is to <dfn id=add-an-icalendar-line>add an iCalendar line</dfn>
+ consisting of a type <var title="">type</var>, a value <var title="">value</var>, and optionally
+ an annotation, to a string <var title="">output</var>, it must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">line</var> be an empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append <var title="">type</var>, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-uppercase>converted to ASCII uppercase</a>, to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is an annotation:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Append a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the annotation to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+003A COLON character (:) to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Prefix every U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\) in <var title="">value</var> with
+ another U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Prefix every U+002C COMMA character (,) in <var title="">value</var> with a U+005C REVERSE
+ SOLIDUS character (\).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Prefix every U+003B SEMICOLON character (;) in <var title="">value</var> with a U+005C
+ REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace every U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN U+000A LINE FEED character pair (CRLF) in <var title="">value</var> with a U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\) followed by a U+006E LATIN SMALL
+ LETTER N character (n).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace every remaining U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) or U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character in
+ <var title="">value</var> with a U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS character (\) followed by a U+006E LATIN
+ SMALL LETTER N character (n).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append <var title="">value</var> to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">maximum length</var> be 75.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If and while <var title="">line</var> is longer than <var title="">maximum length</var>
+ Unicode code points long, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Append the first <var title="">maximum length</var> Unicode code points of <var title="">line</var> to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove the first <var title="">maximum length</var> Unicode code points from <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN character (CR) to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+000A LINE FEED character (LF) to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+0020 SPACE character to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">maximum length</var> be 74.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Append (what remains of) <var title="">line</var> to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN character (CR) to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a U+000A LINE FEED character (LF) to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This algorithm can generate invalid iCalendar output, if the input does not
+ conform to the rules described for the <code title=md-vevent><a href=#md-vevent>http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent</a></code> <a href=#item-types title="item
+ types">item type</a> and <a href=#defined-property-name title="defined property name">defined property names</a>.</p>
+ <!-- of course since iCalendar doesn't define error handling, this is somewhat problematic. -->
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=examples-1><span class=secno>5.4.2.2 </span>Examples</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+<!-- get more from http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2445 -->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of a page that uses the vEvent vocabulary to mark up an event:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body itemscope itemtype="http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent"&gt;
+ ...
+ &lt;h1 itemprop="summary"&gt;Bluesday Tuesday: Money Road&lt;/h1&gt;
+ ...
+ &lt;time itemprop="dtstart" datetime="2009-05-05T19:00:00Z"&gt;May 5th @ 7pm&lt;/time&gt;
+ (until &lt;time itemprop="dtend" datetime="2009-05-05T21:00:00Z"&gt;9pm&lt;/time&gt;)
+ ...
+ &lt;a href="http://livebrum.co.uk/2009/05/05/bluesday-tuesday-money-road"
+ rel="bookmark" itemprop="url"&gt;Link to this page&lt;/a&gt;
+ ...
+ &lt;p&gt;Location: &lt;span itemprop="location"&gt;The RoadHouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ ...
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;input type=button value="Add to Calendar"
+ onclick="location = getCalendar(this)"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ ...
+ &lt;meta itemprop="description" content="via livebrum.co.uk"&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The "<code title="">getCalendar()</code>" method could look like
+ this:</p>
+
+ <pre>function getCalendar(node) {
+ // This function assumes the content is valid.
+ // It is not a compliant implementation of the algorithm for <a href=#extracting-vevent-data>extracting vEvent data</a>.
+ while (node &amp;&amp; (!node.itemScope || !node.itemType.contains('http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent')))
+ node = node.parentNode;
+ if (!node) {
+ alert('No event data found.');
+ return;
+ }
+ var stamp = new Date();
+ var stampString = '' + stamp.getUTCFullYear() + (stamp.getUTCMonth() + 1) + stamp.getUTCDate() + 'T' +
+ stamp.getUTCHours() + stamp.getUTCMinutes() + stamp.getUTCSeconds() + 'Z';
+ var calendar = 'BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\nPRODID:HTML\r\nVERSION:2.0\r\nBEGIN:VEVENT\r\nDTSTAMP:' + stampString + '\r\n';
+ for (var propIndex = 0; propIndex &lt; node.properties.length; propIndex += 1) {
+ var prop = node.properties[propIndex];
+ var value = prop.itemValue;
+ var parameters = '';
+ if (prop.localName == 'time') {
+ value = value.replace(/[:-]/g, '');
+ if (value.match(/T/))
+ parameters = ';VALUE=DATE';
+ else
+ parameters = ';VALUE=DATE-TIME';
+ } else {
+ value = value.replace(/\\/g, '\\n');
+ value = value.replace(/;/g, '\\;');
+ value = value.replace(/,/g, '\\,');
+ value = value.replace(/\n/g, '\\n');
+ }
+ for (var nameIndex = 0; nameIndex &lt; prop.itemProp.length; nameIndex += 1) {
+ var name = prop.itemProp[nameIndex];
+ if (!name.match(/:/) &amp;&amp; !name.match(/\./))
+ calendar += name.toUpperCase() + parameters + ':' + value + '\r\n';
+ }
+ }
+ calendar += 'END:VEVENT\r\nEND:VCALENDAR\r\n';
+ return 'data:text/calendar;component=vevent,' + encodeURI(calendar);
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>The same page could offer some markup, such as the following,
+ for copy-and-pasting into blogs:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div itemscope itemtype="http://microformats.org/profile/hcalendar#vevent"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;I'm going to
+ &lt;strong itemprop="summary"&gt;Bluesday Tuesday: Money Road&lt;/strong&gt;,
+ &lt;time itemprop="dtstart" datetime="2009-05-05T19:00:00Z"&gt;May 5th at 7pm&lt;/time&gt;
+ to &lt;time itemprop="dtend" datetime="2009-05-05T21:00:00Z"&gt;9pm&lt;/time&gt;,
+ at &lt;span itemprop="location"&gt;The RoadHouse&lt;/span&gt;!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://livebrum.co.uk/2009/05/05/bluesday-tuesday-money-road"
+ itemprop="url"&gt;See this event on livebrum.co.uk&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;meta itemprop="description" content="via livebrum.co.uk"&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=licensing-works><span class=secno>5.4.3 </span>Licensing works</h4>
+
+ <p>An item with the <a href=#item-types title="item types">item type</a> <dfn id=md-work title=md-work><code>http://n.whatwg.org/work</code></dfn> represents a work (e.g. an article, an
+ image, a video, a song, etc). This type is primarily intended to allow authors to include
+ licensing information for works.</p>
+
+ <p>The following are the type's <a href=#defined-property-name title="defined property name">defined property
+ names</a>.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=md-work-work title=md-work-work><code>work</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Identifies the work being described.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Exactly one property with the name <code title=md-work-work><a href=#md-work-work>work</a></code> must be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-work><a href=#md-work>http://n.whatwg.org/work</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-work-title title=md-work-title><code>title</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the name of the work.</p>
+
+ <p>A single property with the name <code title=md-work-title><a href=#md-work-title>title</a></code> may be present
+ within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-work><a href=#md-work>http://n.whatwg.org/work</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-work-author title=md-work-author><code>author</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Gives the name or contact information of one of the authors or creators of the work.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be either an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-vcard><a href=#md-vcard>http://microformats.org/profile/hcard</a></code>, or text.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-work-author><a href=#md-work-author>author</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-work><a href=#md-work>http://n.whatwg.org/work</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=md-work-license title=md-work-license><code>license</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Identifies one of the licenses under which the work is available.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>value</a> must be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Any number of properties with the name <code title=md-work-license><a href=#md-work-license>license</a></code> may be
+ present within each <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a> with the type <code title=md-work><a href=#md-work>http://n.whatwg.org/work</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=examples-2><span class=secno>5.4.3.1 </span>Examples</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example shows an embedded image entitled <cite>My Pond</cite>, licensed under the
+ Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License and the MIT license
+ simultaneously.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;figure <strong>itemscope itemtype="http://n.whatwg.org/work"</strong>&gt;
+ &lt;img <strong>itemprop="work"</strong> src="mypond.jpeg"&gt;
+ &lt;figcaption&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;cite <strong>itemprop="title"</strong>&gt;My Pond&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;small&gt;Licensed under the &lt;a <strong>itemprop="license"</strong>
+ href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/"&gt;Creative
+ Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 United States License&lt;/a&gt;
+ and the &lt;a <strong>itemprop="license"</strong>
+ href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php"&gt;MIT
+ license&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/small&gt;
+ &lt;/figcaption&gt;
+&lt;/figure&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h3 id=converting-html-to-other-formats><span class=secno>5.5 </span>Converting HTML to other formats</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=json><span class=secno>5.5.1 </span>JSON</h4>
+
+ <p>Given a list of nodes <var title="">nodes</var> in a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, a user agent must
+ run the following algorithm to <dfn id=extracting-json title="extracting JSON">extract the microdata from those nodes
+ into a JSON form</dfn>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be an empty object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">items</var> be an empty array.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <var title="">node</var> in <var title="">nodes</var>, check if the element is a
+ <a href=#top-level-microdata-items title="top-level microdata items">top-level microdata item</a>, and if it is then
+ <a href=#get-the-object>get the object</a> for that element and add it to <var title="">items</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add an entry to <var title="">result</var> called "<code title="">items</code>" whose
+ value is the array <var title="">items</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the result of serializing <var title="">result</var> to JSON in the shortest
+ possible way (meaning no whitespace between tokens, no unnecessary zero digits in numbers, and
+ only using Unicode escapes in strings for characters that do not have a dedicated escape
+ sequence), and with a lowercase "<code title="">e</code>" used, when appropriate, in the
+ representation of any numbers. <a href=#refsJSON>[JSON]</a></li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This algorithm returns an object with a single property that is an array, instead
+ of just returning an array, so that it is possible to extend the algorithm in the future if
+ necessary.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=get-the-object>get the object</dfn> for an item <var title="">item</var>,
+ optionally with a list of elements <var title="">memory</var>, it must run the following
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be an empty object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If no <var title="">memory</var> was passed to the algorithm, let <var title="">memory</var> be an empty list.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">item</var> to <var title="">memory</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">item</var> has any <a href=#item-types>item types</a>, add an entry to <var title="">result</var> called "<code title="">type</code>" whose value is an array listing the
+ <a href=#item-types>item types</a> of <var title="">item</var>, in the order they were specified on the
+ <code title=attr-itemtype><a href=#attr-itemtype>itemtype</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">item</var> has a <a href=#global-identifier>global identifier</a>, add an entry to <var title="">result</var> called "<code title="">id</code>" whose value is the <a href=#global-identifier>global
+ identifier</a> of <var title="">item</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">properties</var> be an empty object.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each element <var title="">element</var> that has one or more <a href=#property-names>property names</a>
+ and is one of <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item title="the properties of an item">the properties of the item</a> <var title="">item</var>, in the order those elements are given by the algorithm that returns
+ <a href=#the-properties-of-an-item>the properties of an item</a>, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the <a href=#concept-property-value title=concept-property-value>property
+ value</a> of <var title="">element</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">value</var> is an <a href=#concept-item title=concept-item>item</a>, then: If <var title="">value</var> is in <var title="">memory</var>, then let <var title="">value</var> be
+ the string "<code title="">ERROR</code>". Otherwise, <a href=#get-the-object>get the object</a> for <var title="">value</var>, passing a copy of <var title="">memory</var>, and then replace <var title="">value</var> with the object returned from those steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each name <var title="">name</var> in <var title="">element</var>'s <a href=#property-names>property
+ names</a>, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If there is no entry named <var title="">name</var> in <var title="">properties</var>,
+ then add an entry named <var title="">name</var> to <var title="">properties</var> whose
+ value is an empty array.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append <var title="">value</var> to the entry named <var title="">name</var> in <var title="">properties</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Add an entry to <var title="">result</var> called "<code title="">properties</code>" whose
+ value is the object <var title="">properties</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, take this markup:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;My Blog&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BlogPosting"&gt;
+ &lt;header&gt;
+ &lt;h1 itemprop="headline"&gt;Progress report&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2013-08-29"&gt;today&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;link itemprop="url" href="?comments=0"&gt;
+ &lt;/header&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;All in all, he's doing well with his swim lessons. The biggest thing was he had trouble
+ putting his head in, but we got it down.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;section&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Comments&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;article itemprop="comment" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/UserComments" id="c1"&gt;
+ &lt;link itemprop="url" href="#c1"&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Posted by: &lt;span itemprop="creator" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;Greg&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;time itemprop="commentTime" datetime="2013-08-29"&gt;15 minutes ago&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Ha!&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;article itemprop="comment" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/UserComments" id="c2"&gt;
+ &lt;link itemprop="url" href="#c2"&gt;
+ &lt;footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Posted by: &lt;span itemprop="creator" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"&gt;
+ &lt;span itemprop="name"&gt;Charlotte&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;time itemprop="commentTime" datetime="2013-08-29"&gt;5 minutes ago&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/footer&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;When you say "we got it down"...&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/article&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>It would be turned into the following JSON by the algorithm above (supposing that the page's
+ URL was <code>http://blog.example.com/progress-report</code>):</p>
+
+ <pre>{
+ "items": [
+ {
+ "type": [ "http://schema.org/BlogPosting" ],
+ "properties": {
+ "headline": [ "Progress report" ],
+ "datePublished": [ "2013-08-29" ],
+ "url": [ "http://blog.example.com/progress-report?comments=0" ],
+ "comment": [
+ {
+ "type": [ "http://schema.org/UserComments" ],
+ "properties": {
+ "url": [ "http://blog.example.com/progress-report#c1" ],
+ "creator": [
+ {
+ "type": [ "http://schema.org/Person" ],
+ "properties": {
+ "name": [ "Greg" ]
+ }
+ }
+ ],
+ "commentTime": [ "2013-08-29" ]
+ }
+ },
+ {
+ "type": [ "http://schema.org/UserComments" ],
+ "properties": {
+ "url": [ "http://blog.example.com/progress-report#c2" ],
+ "creator": [
+ {
+ "type": [ "http://schema.org/Person" ],
+ "properties": {
+ "name": [ "Charlotte" ]
+ }
+ }
+ ],
+ "commentTime": [ "2013-08-29" ]
+ }
+ }
+ ]
+ }
+ }
+ ]
+}</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <h2 id=editing><span class=secno>6 </span><dfn>User interaction</dfn></h2>
+
+
+ <h3 id=the-hidden-attribute><span class=secno>6.1 </span>The <dfn title=attr-hidden><code>hidden</code></dfn> attribute</h3>
+
+ <p>All <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> may have the <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> content
+ attribute set. The <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean
+ attribute</a>. When specified on an element, it indicates that the element is not yet, or is no
+ longer, directly relevant to the page's current state, or that it is being used to declare content
+ to be reused by other parts of the page as opposed to being directly accessed by the user. <span class=impl>User agents should not render elements that have the <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute specified. This requirement may be implemented
+ indirectly through the style layer. For example, an HTML+CSS user agent could implement these
+ requirements <a href=#hiddenCSS>using the rules suggested in the Rendering
+ section</a>.</span></p>
+
+ <p class=note>Because this attribute is typically implemented using CSS, it's also possible to
+ override it using CSS. For instance, a rule that applies 'display: block' to all elements will
+ cancel the effects of the <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute. Authors therefore
+ have to take care when writing their style sheets to make sure that the attribute is still styled
+ as expected.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following skeletal example, the attribute is used to hide the Web game's main screen
+ until the user logs in:</p>
+
+ <pre> &lt;h1&gt;The Example Game&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;section id="login"&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Login&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;form&gt;
+ ...
+ &lt;!-- calls login() once the user's credentials have been checked --&gt;
+ &lt;/form&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ function login() {
+ // switch screens
+ document.getElementById('login').hidden = true;
+ document.getElementById('game').hidden = false;
+ }
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;/section&gt;
+ &lt;section id="game" hidden&gt;
+ ...
+ &lt;/section&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute must not be used to hide content that
+ could legitimately be shown in another presentation. For example, it is incorrect to use <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> to hide panels in a tabbed dialog, because the tabbed interface
+ is merely a kind of overflow presentation &mdash; one could equally well just show all the form
+ controls in one big page with a scrollbar. It is similarly incorrect to use this attribute to hide
+ content just from one presentation &mdash; if something is marked <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code>, it is hidden from all presentations, including, for instance,
+ screen readers.</p>
+
+ <!-- for example, "<a hidden href=#content>Skip to content</a>" would be inappropriate. -->
+ <!-- (but only add that example if you first add some more good valid examples -->
+
+ <p>Elements that are not themselves <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> must not
+ <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> to elements that are <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code>. The <code title="">for</code> attributes of <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code> elements that are not
+ themselves <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> must similarly not refer to elements that are
+ <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code>. In both cases, such references would cause user
+ confusion.</p>
+
+ <p>Elements and scripts may, however, refer to elements that are <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> in other contexts.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, it would be incorrect to use the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute to link to a section marked with the <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute.
+ If the content is not applicable or relevant, then there is no reason to link to it.</p>
+
+ <p>It would be fine, however, to use the ARIA <code title=attr-aria-describedby>aria-describedby</code> attribute to refer to descriptions that are
+ themselves <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code>. While hiding the descriptions implies that
+ they are not useful alone, they could be written in such a way that they are useful in the
+ specific context of being referenced from the images that they describe.</p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element with the <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code>
+ attribute could be used by a scripted graphics engine as an off-screen buffer, and a form control
+ could refer to a hidden <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element using its <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Elements in a section hidden by the <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute are still
+ active, e.g. scripts and form controls in such sections still execute and submit respectively.
+ Only their presentation to the user changes.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-hidden title=dom-hidden><code>hidden</code></dfn> IDL attribute must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=inert-subtrees><span class=secno>6.2 </span>Inert subtrees</h3>
+
+ <p>A node (in particular elements and text nodes) can be marked as <dfn id=inert>inert</dfn>. When a node
+ is <a href=#inert>inert</a>, then the user agent must act as if the node was absent for the purposes of
+ targeting user interaction events, may ignore the node for the purposes of text search user
+ interfaces (commonly known as "find in page"), and may prevent the user from selecting text in
+ that node. User agents should allow the user to override the restrictions on search and text
+ selection, however.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, consider a page that consists of just a single <a href=#inert>inert</a>
+ paragraph positioned in the middle of a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>. If a user moves their pointing device
+ from the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> over to the <a href=#inert>inert</a> paragraph and clicks on the paragraph,
+ no <code title=event-mouseover><a href=#event-mouseover>mouseover</a></code> event would be fired, and the <code title=event-mousemove><a href=#event-mousemove>mousemove</a></code> and <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> events would
+ be fired on the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element rather than the paragraph.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>When a node is inert, it generally cannot be focused. Inert nodes that are <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>commands</a> will also get disabled.</p>
+
+ <p>While a <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a> is marked as <a href=#inert>inert</a>, its
+ <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>, and all nodes in that
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, must be marked as <a href=#inert>inert</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>An entire <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> can be marked as <dfn id=blocked-by-a-modal-dialog>blocked by a modal dialog</dfn> <var title="">subject</var>. While a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is so marked, every node that is <a href=#in-a-document title="in a Document">in the <code>Document</code></a>, with the exception of the <var title="">subject</var> element and its descendants, must be marked <a href=#inert>inert</a>. (The
+ elements excepted by this paragraph can additionally be marked <a href=#inert>inert</a> through other
+ means; being part of a modal dialog does not "protect" a node from being marked
+ <a href=#inert>inert</a>.)</p>
+
+ <p>Only one element at a time can mark a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> as being <a href=#blocked-by-a-modal-dialog>blocked by a modal
+ dialog</a>. When a new <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> is made to <a href=#blocked-by-a-modal-dialog title="blocked by a modal
+ dialog">block</a> a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, the previous element, if any, stops blocking the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element's <code title=dom-dialog-showModal><a href=#dom-dialog-showmodal>showModal()</a></code> method makes use of this mechanism.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=activation><span class=secno>6.3 </span>Activation</h3>
+
+ <p>Certain elements in HTML have an <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>, which means that the user
+ can activate them. This triggers a sequence of events dependent on the activation mechanism, and
+ normally culminating in a <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event<span class=impl>, as
+ described below</span>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The user agent should allow the user to manually trigger elements that have an <a href=#activation-behavior>activation
+ behavior</a>, for instance using keyboard or voice input, or through mouse clicks. When the
+ user triggers an element with a defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> in a manner other than
+ clicking it, the default action of the interaction event must be to <a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>run synthetic click
+ activation steps</a> on the element.</p> <!-- interaction event spec point -->
+
+ <p>Each element has a <var title="">click in progress</var> flag, initially set to false.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>run synthetic click activation steps</dfn> on an element, the user
+ agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element's <var title="">click in progress</var> flag is set to true, then abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <var title="">click in progress</var> flag on the element to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#run-pre-click-activation-steps>Run pre-click activation steps</a> on the element.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-click-event>Fire a <code title=event-click>click</code> event</a> at the element. If the
+ <a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>run synthetic click activation steps</a> algorithm was invoked because the <code title=dom-click><a href=#dom-click>click()</a></code> method was invoked, then the <code title=dom-event-isTrusted><a href=#dom-event-istrusted>isTrusted</a></code> attribute must be initialised to false.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If this <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event is not canceled, <a href=#run-post-click-activation-steps>run post-click
+ activation steps</a> on the element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the event <em>is</em> canceled, the user agent must <a href=#run-canceled-activation-steps>run canceled activation
+ steps</a> on the element instead.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <var title="">click in progress</var> flag on the element to false.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When a pointing device is clicked, the user agent must <a href=#run-authentic-click-activation-steps>run authentic click activation
+ steps</a> instead of firing the click event<!-- interaction event spec point -->. When a user
+ agent is to <dfn id=run-authentic-click-activation-steps>run authentic click activation steps</dfn> for a given event <var title="">event</var>, it must follow these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">target</var> be the element designated by the user (the target of <var title="">event</var>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">target</var> is a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, run the <a href=#canvas-mouseevent-rerouting-steps>canvas
+ <code>MouseEvent</code> rerouting steps</a>. If this changes <var title="">event</var>'s
+ target, then let <var title="">target</var> be the new target.</li>
+
+<!--(this is commented out because you can't possibly get here reentrantly and you can't get here while click() is running.)
+ <li><p>If <var title="">target</var>'s <var title="">click in progress</var> flag is set to
+ true, then abort these steps.</p></li>
+-->
+
+ <li><p>Set the <var title="">click in progress</var> flag on <var title="">target</var> to
+ true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">e</var> be the <a href=#nearest-activatable-element>nearest activatable element</a> of <var title="">target</var> (defined below), if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is an element <var title="">e</var>, <a href=#run-pre-click-activation-steps>run pre-click activation steps</a>
+ on it.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>Dispatch</a> <var title="">event</var> (the
+ required <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event) at <var title="">target</var>.</p> <!--
+ interaction event spec point -->
+
+ <p>If there is an element <var title="">e</var> and the <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code>
+ event is not canceled, <a href=#run-post-click-activation-steps>run post-click activation steps</a> on element <var title="">e</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If there is an element <var title="">e</var> and the event <em>is</em> canceled, <a href=#run-canceled-activation-steps>run
+ canceled activation steps</a> on element <var title="">e</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <var title="">click in progress</var> flag on <var title="">target</var> to
+ false.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>The algorithms above don't run for arbitrary synthetic events dispatched by author
+ script. The <code title=dom-click><a href=#dom-click>click()</a></code> method can be used to make the <a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>run
+ synthetic click activation steps</a> algorithm happen programmatically.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Click-focusing behavior (e.g. the focusing of a text field when user clicks in
+ one) typically happens before the click, when the mouse button is first depressed, and is
+ therefore not discussed here.</p> <!-- interaction event spec point -->
+
+ <p>Given an element <var title="">target</var>, the <dfn id=nearest-activatable-element>nearest activatable element</dfn> is the
+ element returned by the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">target</var> has a defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>, then return
+ <var title="">target</var> and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">target</var> has a parent element, then set <var title="">target</var> to
+ that parent element and return to the first step.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, there is no <a href=#nearest-activatable-element>nearest activatable element</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=run-pre-click-activation-steps>run pre-click activation steps</dfn> on an element, it must run
+ the <dfn id=pre-click-activation-steps>pre-click activation steps</dfn> defined for that element, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=run-canceled-activation-steps>run canceled activation steps</dfn> on an element, it must run the
+ <dfn id=canceled-activation-steps>canceled activation steps</dfn> defined for that element, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=run-post-click-activation-steps>run post-click activation steps</dfn> on an element, it must run
+ the <dfn id=activation-behavior>activation behavior</dfn> defined for that element, if any. Activation behaviors can
+ refer to the <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event that was fired by the steps above
+ leading up to this point.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+
+ <!-- v2 idea: HTMLImageElement.click(x, y); or clickPoint(), if click() can't be done in IE; can
+ this be emulated in IE by posting a synthetic mouse click event with those X and Y coords?
+ (ack Csaba Gabor)
+ -->
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-click><a href=#dom-click>click</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Acts as if the element was clicked.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-click title=dom-click><code>click()</code></dfn> method must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element is a form control that is <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps>Run synthetic click activation steps</a> on the element.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <h3 id=focus><span class=secno>6.4 </span>Focus</h3>
+
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2807 -->
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2811 -->
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2809 -->
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2812 -->
+
+ <!-- v2: more things to define, if no other specs define them:
+ - define onfocus/onblur behaviour for Window
+ - Other things to look at are IE's focus APIs (HTMLElement.setActive(),
+ onBeforeActivate, onActivate, onBeforeDeactivate, onDeactivate):
+ https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=296471
+ https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=296469
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/author/dhtml/reference/methods/setactive.asp
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/author/dhtml/reference/events/onbeforeactivate.asp
+ -->
+
+ <h4 id=introduction-5><span class=secno>6.4.1 </span>Introduction</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>An HTML user interface typically consists of multiple interactive widgets, such as form
+ controls, scrollable regions, links, dialog boxes, browser tabs, and so forth. These widgets form
+ a hierarchy, with some (e.g. browser tabs, dialog boxes) containing others (e.g. links, form
+ controls).</p>
+
+ <p>When interacting with an interface using a keyboard, key input is channeled from the system,
+ through the hierarchy of interactive widgets, to an active widget, which is said to be
+ <i title="">focused</i>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider an HTML application running in a browser tab running in a graphical environment.
+ Suppose this application had a page with some text fields and links, and was currently showing a
+ modal dialog, which itself had a text field and a button.</p>
+
+ <p>The hierarchy of focusable widgets, in this scenario, would include the browser window, which
+ would have, amongst its children, the browser tab containing the HTML application. The tab itself
+ would have as its children the various links and text fields, as well as the dialog. The dialog
+ itself would have as its children the text field and the button.</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/focus-tree.png alt=""><!-- purely decorative: it repeats the previous
+ paragraph, in graphical form --><p>If the widget with <i>focus</i> in this example was the text field in the dialog box, then key
+ input would be channeled from the graphical system to &#x2460; the Web browser, then to &#x2461;
+ the tab, then to &#x2462; the dialog, and finally to &#x2463; the text field.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Keyboard <em>events</em> are always targetted at this <i title="">focused</i> element.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=data-model><span class=secno>6.4.2 </span>Data model</h4>
+
+ <p>The term <dfn id=focusable-area>focusable area</dfn> is used to refer to regions of the interface that can become
+ the target of keyboard input. Focusable areas can be elements, parts of elements, or other regions
+ managed by the user agent.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> has a <dfn id=dom-anchor>DOM anchor</dfn>, which is a <code><a href=#node>Node</a></code> object
+ that represents the position of the <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> in the DOM. (When the <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable
+ area</a></i> is itself a <code><a href=#node>Node</a></code>, it is its own <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i>.) The <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> is
+ used in some APIs as a substitute for the <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> when there is no other DOM object
+ to represent the <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The following table describes what objects can be <i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>focusable
+ areas</a></i>. The cells in the left column describe objects that can be <i title="focusable
+ area"><a href=#focusable-area>focusable areas</a></i>; the cells in the right column describe the <i title="DOM anchor"><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM
+ anchors</a></i> for those elements. (The cells that span both columns are non-normative examples.)</p>
+
+ <table id=table-fa><thead><tr><th id=th-fa-area><i><a href=#focusable-area>Focusable area</a></i>
+ <th id=th-fa-dom-rep><i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i>
+ <tr><th colspan=2 id=th-fa-examples>Examples
+
+ <tbody><tr><th headers=th-fa-area class=data-header id=td-fa-1>
+ Elements that have their <a href=#specially-focusable>tabindex focus flag</a> set, that are not <a href=#concept-element-disabled title=concept-element-disabled>actually disabled</a>, that are not <a href=#expressly-inert-control title="expressly inert control">expressly inert</a>, and that are either <a href=#being-rendered>being
+ rendered</a> or <a href=#being-used-as-relevant-canvas-fallback-content>being used as relevant canvas fallback content</a>. <!--
+ CANVAS-FOCUS-FALLBACK -->
+ <td headers="td-fa-1 th-fa-dom-rep">
+ The element itself.
+ <tr><td headers="td-fa-1 th-fa-examples" colspan=2>
+ <p class=example><code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <code title=attr-input-type-text><a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)">&lt;input
+ type=text&gt;</a></code>, sometimes <code title=a><a href=#the-a-element>&lt;a href=""&gt;</a></code> (depending on platform
+ conventions).
+
+ <tbody><tr><th headers=th-fa-area class=data-header id=td-fa-2>
+ The shapes of <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements in an <a href=#image-map>image map</a> associated with an
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element that is <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a> and is not <a href=#expressly-inert-control title="expressly
+ inert control">expressly inert</a>.
+ <td headers="td-fa-2 th-fa-dom-rep">
+ The <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.
+ <tr><td headers="td-fa-2 th-fa-examples" colspan=2>
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>In the following example, the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element creates two shapes, one on each
+ image. The <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> of the first shape is the first <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element, and the
+ <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> of the second shape is the second <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element.</p>
+ <pre>&lt;map id=wallmap&gt;&lt;area alt="Enter Door" coords="10,10,100,200" href="door.html"&gt;&lt;/map&gt;
+...
+&lt;img src="images/innerwall.jpeg" alt="There is a white wall here, with a door." usemap="#wallmap"&gt;
+...
+&lt;img src="images/outerwall.jpeg" alt="There is a red wall here, with a door." usemap="#wallmap"&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <tbody><tr><th headers=th-fa-area class=data-header id=td-fa-3>
+ The user-agent provided subwidgets of elements that are <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a> and are not
+ <a href=#concept-element-disabled title=concept-element-disabled>actually disabled</a> or <a href=#expressly-inert-control title="expressly
+ inert control">expressly inert</a>.
+ <td headers="td-fa-3 th-fa-dom-rep">
+ The element for which the <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> is a subwidget.
+ <tr><td headers="td-fa-3 th-fa-examples" colspan=2>
+ <p class=example>The <a href=#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user title="expose a user interface to the user">controls in the user
+ interface that is exposed to the user</a> for a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element, the up and down
+ buttons in a spin-control version of <code title=attr-input-type-number><a href="#number-state-(type=number)">&lt;input
+ type=number&gt;</a></code>, the two range control widgets in a <code title=attr-input-type-range><a href="#range-state-(type=range)">&lt;input type=range multiple&gt;</a></code>, the part of a
+ <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element's rendering that enabled the element to be opened or closed using
+ keyboard input.</p>
+
+ <tbody><tr><th headers=th-fa-area class=data-header id=td-fa-4>
+ The scrollable regions of elements that are <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a> are not <a href=#expressly-inert-control title="expressly inert control">expressly inert</a>. <!-- the being rendered part is kinda
+ redundant, a scrollable region is a box generated for the element so by definition if the
+ element has a scrollable region it is being rendered -->
+ <td headers="td-fa-4 th-fa-dom-rep">
+ The element for which the box that the scrollable region scrolls was created.
+ <tr><td headers="td-fa-4 th-fa-examples" colspan=2>
+ <p class=example>The CSS 'overflow' property's 'scroll' value typically creates a scrollable
+ region.</p>
+
+ <tbody><tr><th headers=th-fa-area class=data-header id=td-fa-5>
+ The viewport of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that is in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> and is not
+ <a href=#inert>inert</a>.
+ <td headers="td-fa-5 th-fa-dom-rep">
+ The <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> for which the viewport was created.
+ <tr><td headers="td-fa-5 th-fa-examples" colspan=2>
+ <p class=example>The contents of an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <tbody><tr><th headers=th-fa-area class=data-header id=td-fa-6>
+ Any other element or part of an element, especially to aid with accessibility or to better
+ match platform conventions.
+ <td headers="td-fa-6 th-fa-dom-rep">
+ The element.
+ <tr><td headers="td-fa-6 th-fa-examples" colspan=2>
+ <p class=example>A user agent could make all list item bullets focusable, so that a user can
+ more easily navigate lists.</p>
+ <p class=example>Similarly, a user agent could make all elements with <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attributes focusable, so that their advisory information can
+ be accessed.</p>
+
+ </table><p id=bc-focus-ergo-bcc-focus class=note>A <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a> (e.g. an
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>) is a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, but key events routed to a <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a> get immediately routed to the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a>. Similarly, in sequential focus navigation a <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a> essentially acts merely as a placeholder for its <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> belongs to a <dfn id=control-group>control group</dfn>. Each <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> has
+ an <dfn id=control-group-owner title="control group owner">owner</dfn>. <a href=#control-group-owner title="control group owner">Control group
+ owners</a> are <dfn id=control-group-owner-object title="control group owner object">control group owner objects</dfn>. The
+ following are <a href=#control-group-owner-object title="control group owner object">control group owner objects</a>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object in <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing contexts</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code>
+ attribute specified and that are <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a>.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>Each <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner object</a> owns one <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> (though that
+ group might be empty).</p>
+
+ <p>If the <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> of a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> is a <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner
+ object</a>, then that <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> belongs to that <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner
+ object</a>'s <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>. Otherwise, the <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> belongs to its
+ <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i>'s nearest ancestor <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner object</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Thus, a viewport always belongs to the <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ for which the viewport was created, an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> control belongs to the <i><a href=#control-group>control
+ group</a></i> of its nearest ancestor <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> or <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and an image
+ map's shapes belong to the nearest ancestor <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> or <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements (not the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements &mdash; this means one
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element might create multiple shapes in different <i title="control
+ group"><a href=#control-group>control groups</a></i>).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>An element is <dfn id=expressly-inert-control title="expressly inert control">expressly inert</dfn> if it is
+ <a href=#inert>inert</a> but it is not a <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner object</a> and its nearest
+ ancestor <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner object</a> is not <a href=#inert>inert</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>One <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> in each non-empty <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> is designated the
+ <dfn id=focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area of the control group</dfn>. Which control is so designated changes over time,
+ based on algorithms in this specification. If a <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> is empty, it has no <i title="focused area of the control group"><a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area</a></i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner object</a> can also act as the <dfn id=dialog-group-manager title="dialog group
+ manager">manager</dfn> of a <dfn id=dialog-group>dialog group</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element that has an <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code>
+ attribute specified and that is <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a> (i.e. that is a <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group
+ owner object</a>) and is not <a href=#expressly-inert-dialog title="expressly inert dialog">expressly inert</a>
+ belongs to the <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> whose <a href=#dialog-group-manager title="dialog group manager">manager</a> is
+ the <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element's nearest ancestor <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> is <dfn id=expressly-inert-dialog title="expressly inert dialog">expressly inert</dfn> if it is
+ <a href=#inert>inert</a> but its nearest ancestor <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner object</a> is not.</p>
+
+ <p>If no <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element has a particular <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner object</a> as
+ its nearest ancestor <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner object</a>, then that <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner
+ object</a> has no <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> can have a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> designated as the <dfn id=focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused
+ dialog of the dialog group</dfn>. Which <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> is so designated changes over time,
+ based on algorithms in this specification.</p>
+
+ <hr><p><i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>Focusable areas</a></i> in <i title="control group"><a href=#control-group>control groups</a></i>
+ are ordered relative to the <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> of their <i title="DOM anchor"><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM
+ anchors</a></i>. <i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>Focusable areas</a></i> with the same <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> in a
+ <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> are ordered relative to their CSS box's relative positions in a pre-order,
+ depth-first traversal of the box tree. <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Elements in <i title="dialog group"><a href=#dialog-group>dialog groups</a></i> are ordered in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level browsing context</dfn> at any particular time is
+ the <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> or <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> returned by this algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level
+ browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">candidate</var> has a <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> with a designated
+ <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused dialog of the dialog group</a>, then let <var title="">candidate</var> be the
+ designated <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused dialog of the dialog group</a>, and redo this step.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">candidate</var> has a non-empty <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>, and the
+ designated <a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area of the control group</a> is a <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a>, then let <var title="">candidate</var> be the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of
+ that <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a>'s <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, and redo
+ this step.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">candidate</var> has a non-empty <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>, let
+ <var title="">candidate</var> be the designated <a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area of the control
+ group</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">candidate</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>An element that is the <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> of a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> is said to <dfn id=gains-focus title="gains focus">gain focus</dfn> when that <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> becomes the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently
+ focused area of a top-level browsing context</a>. When an element is the <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> of a
+ <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> of the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level browsing context</a>,
+ it is <dfn id=focused>focused</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=focus-chain>focus chain</dfn> of a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> or <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner
+ object</a> <var title="">subject</var> is the ordered list constructed as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">current object</var> be <var title="">subject</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be an empty list.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Loop</i>: Append <var title="">current object</var> to <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">current object</var> is an <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element's shape, append
+ that <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element to <var title="">output</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">current object</var> is a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> whose <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM
+ anchor</a></i> is an element that is not <var title="">current object</var> itself, append that
+ <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> element to <var title="">output</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">current object</var> is a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> object in a <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog
+ group</a></i>, let <var title="">current object</var> be that <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i>'s <a href=#dialog-group-manager title="dialog group manager">manager</a>, and return to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">current object</var> is a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, let <var title="">current object</var> be that <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>'s <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>'s
+ <a href=#control-group-owner title="control group owner">owner</a>, and return to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">current object</var> is a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in a
+ <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, let <var title="">current object</var> be its
+ <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a>, and return to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return <var title="">output</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The chain starts with <var title="">subject</var> and (if <var title="">subject</var> is or can be the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level browsing
+ context</a>) continues up the focus hierarchy up to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-tabindex-attribute><span class=secno>6.4.3 </span>The <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-tabindex title=attr-tabindex><code>tabindex</code></dfn> content attribute allows authors to
+ indicate that an element is supposed to be <a href=#focusable-area title="focusable area">focusable</a>, and
+ whether it is supposed to be reachable using <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation>sequential focus navigation</a> and, if so,
+ what is to be the relative order of the element for the purposes of sequential focus navigation.
+ The name "tab index" comes from the common use of the "tab" key to navigate through the focusable
+ elements. The term "tabbing" refers to moving forward through the focusable elements that can be
+ reached using sequential focus navigation.</p>
+
+ <p>When the attribute is omitted, the user agent applies defaults. (There is no way to make an
+ element that is <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a> be not focusable at all without <a href=#concept-element-disabled title=concept-element-disabled>disabling</a> it or making it <a href=#inert>inert</a>.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute, if specified, must have a value
+ that is a <a href=#valid-integer>valid integer</a>. Positive numbers specify the relative position of the
+ element's <a href=#focusable-area title="focusable area">focusable areas</a> in the <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus
+ navigation order</a>, and negative numbers indicate that the control is to be unreachable by
+ <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation>sequential focus navigation</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Each element can have a <dfn id=specially-focusable>tabindex focus flag</dfn> set, as defined
+ below. This flag is a factor that contributes towards determining whether an element is a
+ <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, as described in the previous section.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute is specified on an element, it
+ must be parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-integers>rules for parsing integers</a>. The attribute's values, or lack
+ thereof, must be interpreted as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If the attribute is omitted or parsing the value returns an error</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The user agent should follow platform conventions to determine if the element's
+ <a href=#specially-focusable>tabindex focus flag</a> is set and, if so, whether the element and any <i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>focusable areas</a></i> that have the element as their <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> can
+ be reached using <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation>sequential focus navigation</a>, and if so, what their relative
+ position in the <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus navigation order</a> is to be.</p>
+
+ <p>Modulo platform conventions, it is suggested that for the following elements, the
+ <a href=#specially-focusable>tabindex focus flag</a> be set:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements that have an <code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>href</a></code> attribute</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> elements</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute are
+ not in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> elements</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> elements</li>
+
+ <li>Elements with a <code title=attr-draggable><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>draggable</a></code> attribute set, if that would
+ enable the user agent to allow the user to begin a drag operations for those elements without
+ the use of a pointing device</li>
+
+ <li><a href=#editing-host title="editing host">Editing hosts</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href=#browsing-context-container title="browsing context container">Browsing context containers</a></li> <!-- like
+ <iframe>s -->
+
+ <li><a href=#sorting-interface-th-element title="sorting interface th element">Sorting interface <code>th</code>
+ elements</a></li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>One valid reason to ignore the platform conventions and always allow an element
+ to be focused (by setting its <a href=#specially-focusable>tabindex focus flag</a>) would be if the user's only
+ mechanism for activating an element is through a keyboard action that triggers the focused
+ element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt id=negative-tabindex>If the value is a negative integer</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The user agent must set the element's <a href=#specially-focusable>tabindex focus flag</a>, but should omit the
+ element from the <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus navigation order</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>One valid reason to ignore the requirement that sequential focus navigation not
+ allow the author to lead to the element would be if the user's only mechanism for moving the
+ focus is sequential focus navigation. For instance, a keyboard-only user would be unable to
+ click on a text field with a negative <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code>, so that
+ user's user agent would be well justified in allowing the user to tab to the control
+ regardless.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the value is a zero</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The user agent must set the element's <a href=#specially-focusable>tabindex focus flag</a>, should allow the
+ element and any <i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>focusable areas</a></i> that have the element as their
+ <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> to be reached using <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation>sequential focus navigation</a>, following
+ platform conventions to determine the element's relative position in the <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus
+ navigation order</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the value is greater than zero</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The user agent must set the element's <a href=#specially-focusable>tabindex focus flag</a>, should allow the
+ element and any <i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>focusable areas</a></i> that have the element as their
+ <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> to be reached using sequential focus navigation, and should place the element
+ &mdash; referenced as <var title="">candidate</var> below &mdash; and the aforementioned <i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>focusable areas</a></i> in the <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation>sequential focus navigation</a>
+ order so that, relative to other <i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>focusable areas</a></i> in the
+ <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus navigation order</a>, they are:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>before any <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> whose <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> is an element whose <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute has been omitted or whose value, when parsed,
+ returns an error,</li>
+
+ <li>before any <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> whose <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> is an element whose <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute has a value equal to or less than zero,</li>
+
+ <li>after any <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> whose <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> is an element whose <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute has a value greater than zero but less than
+ the value of the <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute on <var title="">candidate</var>,</li>
+
+ <li>after any <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> whose <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> is an element whose <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute has a value equal to the value of the <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute on <var title="">candidate</var> but that is
+ earlier in the document in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> than <var title="">candidate</var>,</li>
+
+ <li>before any <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> whose <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> is an element whose <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute has a value equal to the value of the <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute on <var title="">candidate</var> but that is
+ later in the document in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> than <var title="">candidate</var>, and</li>
+
+ <li>before any <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> whose <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i> is an element whose <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute has a value greater than the value of the
+ <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute on <var title="">candidate</var>.</li>
+
+ </ul></dd>
+
+ </dl><p>An element that has its <a href=#specially-focusable>tabindex focus flag</a> set but does not otherwise have an
+ <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> defined has an <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> that does
+ nothing.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This means that an element that is only focusable because of its <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute will fire a <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event in response to a non-mouse activation (e.g. hitting the
+ "enter" key while the element is <a href=#focused>focused</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>An element with the <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute specified is
+ <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tabindex title=dom-tabIndex><code>tabIndex</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the value of the <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> content
+ attribute. Its default value is 0 for elements that are focusable and &minus;1 for elements that
+ are not focusable.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=processing-model-4><span class=secno>6.4.4 </span>Processing model</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=focusing-steps>focusing steps</dfn> for an object <var title="">new focus target</var> that is
+ either a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, or an element that is not a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, or a
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2816 div.focus() when it's got a scroll region --><!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2817 img.focus() when it's got an image map --><li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">new focus target</var> is neither a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element that has an
+ <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code> attribute specified and that is <a href=#being-rendered>being
+ rendered</a> (i.e. that is a <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner object</a>), nor a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable
+ area</a></i>, then run the first matching set of steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">new focus target</var> is an <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element with one or more
+ shapes that are <i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>focusable areas</a></i></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">new focus target</var> be the shape corresponding to the first
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element in tree order that uses the image map to which the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>
+ element belongs.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">new focus target</var> is an element with one or more scrollable regions
+ that are <i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>focusable areas</a></i></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">new focus target</var> be the element's first scrollable region,
+ according to a pre-order, depth-first traversal of the box tree. <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">new focus target</var> is <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a> of its
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code></dt>
+ <dt>If <var title="">new focus target</var> is the <a href=#root-element>root element</a> of its
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> and that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has no <a href=#the-body-element-0 title="the body
+ element">body element</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">new focus target</var> be the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s viewport.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">new focus target</var> is a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">new focus target</var> be the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s
+ <a href=#active-document>active document</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Abort the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing steps</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">new focus target</var> is a <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner object</a> that is
+ not a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, but does have a <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i>, and that <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i>
+ has a designated <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group title="focused dialog of the dialog group">focused dialog</a>, then
+ let <var title="">new focus target</var> be the <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused dialog of the dialog
+ group</a>, and redo this step.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">new focus target</var> is a <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner
+ object</a> that is not a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, and its <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> is not empty,
+ then designate <var title="">new focus target</var> as the <a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area of the control
+ group</a>, and redo this step.</p>
+
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2818 -->
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">new focus target</var> is a <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a>, then let <var title="">new focus target</var> be the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>, and redo this step.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element can be both a <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner
+ object</a> and a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, if it has both an <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code> attribute specified and a <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute specified and is <a href=#being-rendered>being
+ rendered</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">new focus target</var> is a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> and its <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM
+ anchor</a></i> is <a href=#inert>inert</a>, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">new focus target</var> is the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a
+ top-level browsing context</a>, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">old chain</var> be the <a href=#focus-chain>focus chain</a> of the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context title="currently focused area of a top-level browsing context">currently focused area of the
+ top-level browsing context</a> in which <var title="">new focus target</var> finds
+ itself.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new chain</var> be the <a href=#focus-chain>focus chain</a> of <var title="">new
+ focus target</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the <a href=#focus-update-steps>focus update steps</a> with <var title="">old chain</var>, <var title="">new chain</var>, and <var title="">new focus target</var> respectively.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>User agents must synchronously run the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing steps</a> for a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>,
+ <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code>, or <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">candidate</var> whenever the
+ user attempts to move the focus to <var title="">candidate</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=unfocusing-steps>unfocusing steps</dfn> for an object <var title="">old focus target</var> that is
+ either a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> or an element that is not a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> are as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2819 --><!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2822 --><li><p>If <var title="">old focus target</var> is <a href=#inert>inert</a>, then abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">old focus target</var> is an <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element and one of its
+ shapes is the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level browsing context</a>, or, if <var title="">old focus target</var> is an element with one or more scrollable regions, and one of
+ them is the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level browsing context</a>, then let <var title="">old focus target</var> be that <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level browsing
+ context</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">old chain</var> be the <a href=#focus-chain>focus chain</a> of the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently
+ focused area of a top-level browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">old focus target</var> is not one of the entries in <var title="">old
+ chain</var>, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">old focus target</var> is a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> in a <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i>,
+ and the <a href=#dialog-group-manager>dialog group manager</a> has a non-empty <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>, then let <var title="">new focus target</var> be the designated <a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group title="focused area of the control
+ group">focused area of that focus group</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">old focus target</var> is a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, then let <var title="">new focus target</var> be the first <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> of its <i><a href=#control-group>control
+ group</a></i> (if the <a href=#control-group-owner>control group owner</a> is a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, this will
+ always be a viewport).</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">new focus target</var> be null.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">new focus target</var> is not null, then run the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing
+ steps</a> for <var title="">new focus target</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level browsing context</a> is somehow
+ unfocused without another element being explicitly focused in its stead, the user agent must
+ synchronously run the <a href=#unfocusing-steps>unfocusing steps</a> for that object.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#unfocusing-steps>unfocusing steps</a> do not always result in the focus changing, even
+ when applied to the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level browsing context</a>. For
+ example, if the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level browsing context</a> is a viewport,
+ then it will usually keep its focus regardless until another <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> is explicitly
+ focused with the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing steps</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> is added to an empty <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>, it must be designated
+ the <i><a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area of the control group</a></i>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> is formed, if the <a href=#dialog-group-manager>dialog group manager</a> has an empty
+ <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>, the first non-<a href=#inert>inert</a> <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> in the <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog
+ group</a></i>, if any, or else the first <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> in the <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> regardless of
+ <a href=#inert title=inert>inertness</a>, must be designated the <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused dialog of the dialog
+ group</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=focus-fixup-rule-one>Focus fixup rule one</dfn>: When the designated <a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group title="focused area of the control
+ group">focused area of a control group</a> is removed from that <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> in some
+ way (e.g. it stops being a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, it is removed from the DOM, it becomes <a href=#expressly-inert-control title="expressly inert control">expressly inert</a>, etc), and the <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> is
+ still not empty: designate the first non-<a href=#inert>inert</a> <i>focused area</i> in that <i><a href=#control-group>control
+ group</a></i> to be the new <a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area of the control group</a>, if any; if they are all
+ <a href=#inert>inert</a>, then designate the first <i>focused area</i> in that <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> to
+ be the new <a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area of the control group</a> regardless of <a href=#inert title=inert>inertness</a>. If such a removal instead results in the <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>
+ being empty, then there is simply no longer a <a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area of the control group</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, this might happen because an element is removed from its
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, or has a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute added. It might
+ also happen to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element when the element gets <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=focus-fixup-rule-two>Focus fixup rule two</dfn>: When a <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> has no designed <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused
+ dialog of the dialog group</a>, and its <a href=#dialog-group-manager>dialog group manager</a>'s <i><a href=#control-group>control
+ group</a></i> changes from being non-empty to being empty, the first non-<a href=#inert>inert</a>
+ <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> in the <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i>, if any, or else the first <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> in
+ the <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> regardless of <a href=#inert title=inert>inertness</a>, must be designated
+ the <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused dialog of the dialog group</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=focus-fixup-rule-three>Focus fixup rule three</dfn>: When the designated <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group title="focused dialog of the
+ dialog group">focused dialog of a dialog group</a> is removed from that <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> in
+ some way (e.g. it stops <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a>, it loses its <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code> attribute, it becomes <a href=#expressly-inert-dialog title="expressly inert
+ dialog">expressly inert</a>, etc), and there is still a <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> (because the
+ <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> in question was not the last <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> in that <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i>):
+ if the <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i>'s <a href=#dialog-group-manager title="dialog group manager">manager</a>'s <i><a href=#control-group>control
+ group</a></i> is non-empty, let there be no designated <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused dialog of the dialog group</a>
+ any more; otherwise (in the case that the <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> is empty), designate the first
+ non-<a href=#inert>inert</a> <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> in the <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> to be the <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused
+ dialog of the dialog group</a>, or, if they are all <a href=#inert>inert</a>, designate the first
+ <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> in the <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> to be the <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused dialog of the dialog
+ group</a> regardless of <a href=#inert title=inert>inertness</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level browsing context</a> was a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable
+ area</a></i> but stops being a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, or when it was a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> in a
+ <a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a> and stops being part of that <a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a>, or when it
+ starts being <a href=#inert>inert</a>, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- this is basically a special-cased version of the focusing steps --><li><p>Let <var title="">old focus target</var> be whatever the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context title="currently focused
+ area of a top-level browsing context">currently focused area of the top-level browsing
+ context</a> was immediately before this algorithm became applicable (e.g. before the element
+ was disabled, or the dialog was closed, or whatever caused this algorithm to run).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">old chain</var> be the <a href=#focus-chain>focus chain</a> of the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context title="currently focused area of a top-level browsing context">currently focused area of the
+ top-level browsing context</a> at the same time.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Make sure that the changes implied by the focus fixup rules <a href=#focus-fixup-rule-one title="focus fixup rule
+ one">one</a>, <a href=#focus-fixup-rule-two title="focus fixup rule two">two</a>, and <a href=#focus-fixup-rule-three title="focus fixup
+ rule three">three</a> above are applied.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new focus target</var> be the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a
+ top-level browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">old focus target</var> and <var title="">new focus target</var> are the
+ same, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new chain</var> be the <a href=#focus-chain>focus chain</a> of <var title="">new
+ focus target</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the <a href=#focus-update-steps>focus update steps</a> with <var title="">old chain</var>, <var title="">new chain</var>, and <var title="">new focus target</var> respectively.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=focus-update-steps>focus update steps</dfn>, given an <var title="">old chain</var>, a <var title="">new chain</var>, and a <var title="">new focus target</var> respectively, are as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- focusin/focusout?: http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/723 --><li><p>If the last entry in <var title="">old chain</var> and the last entry in <var title="">new chain</var> are the same, pop the last entry from <var title="">old chain</var>
+ and the last entry from <var title="">new chain</var> and redo this step.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each entry <var title="">entry</var> in <var title="">old chain</var>, in order, run
+ these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li id=unfocus-causes-change-event><p>If <var title="">entry</var> is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>
+ element, and the <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> event <a href=#concept-input-apply title=concept-input-apply>applies</a> to the element, and the element does not have a
+ defined <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a>, and the user has changed the element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> or its list of <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected files</a> while the control was focused
+ without committing that change, then <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-change><a href=#event-change>change</a></code> at the element.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">entry</var> is an element, let <var title="">blur event target</var> be
+ <var title="">entry</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">entry</var> is a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, let <var title="">blur
+ event target</var> be that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">blur event target</var> be null.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">entry</var> is the last entry in <var title="">old chain</var>, and
+ <var title="">entry</var> is an <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code>, and the last entry in <var title="">new
+ chain</var> is also an <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code>, then let <var title="">related blur target</var>
+ be the last entry in <var title="">new chain</var>. Otherwise, let <var title="">related blur
+ target</var> be null.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">blur event target</var> is not null, <a href=#fire-a-focus-event>fire a focus event</a>
+ named <code title=event-blur><a href=#event-blur>blur</a></code> at <var title="">blur event target</var>, with
+ <var title="">related blur target</var> as the related target.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In some cases, e.g. if <var title="">entry</var> is an <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>
+ element's shape, a scrollable region, or a viewport, no event is fired.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Apply any relevant platform-specific conventions for focusing <var title="">new focus
+ target</var>. (For example, some platforms select the contents of a text field when that field is
+ focused.)</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each entry <var title="">entry</var> in <var title="">new chain</var>, in reverse
+ order, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">entry</var> is a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> element: Let <var title="">entry</var> be the designated <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group title="focused dialog of the dialog
+ group">focused dialog of its dialog group</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">entry</var> is a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>: Designate <var title="">entry</var> as the <a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area of the control group</a>. If its <i><a href=#control-group>control
+ group</a></i>'s <a href=#control-group-owner title="control group owner">owner</a> is also a <a href=#dialog-group-manager>dialog group
+ manager</a>, then let there be no designated <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group title="focused dialog of the dialog
+ group">focused dialog</a> in that <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>It is possible for <var title="">entry</var> to be both a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code>
+ element and a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, in which case it is its own <a href=#control-group-owner>control group
+ owner</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">entry</var> is an element, let <var title="">focus event target</var> be
+ <var title="">entry</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">entry</var> is a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, let <var title="">focus
+ event target</var> be that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">focus event target</var> be null.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">entry</var> is the last entry in <var title="">new chain</var>, and
+ <var title="">entry</var> is an <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code>, and the last entry in <var title="">old
+ chain</var> is also an <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code>, then let <var title="">related focus target</var>
+ be the last entry in <var title="">old chain</var>. Otherwise, let <var title="">related
+ focus target</var> be null.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">focus event target</var> is not null, <a href=#fire-a-focus-event>fire a focus event</a>
+ named <code title=event-focus><a href=#event-focus>focus</a></code> at <var title="">focus event target</var>, with
+ <var title="">related focus target</var> as the related target.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In some cases, e.g. if <var title="">entry</var> is an <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>
+ element's shape, a scrollable region, or a viewport, no event is fired.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p>When a user agent is required to <dfn id=fire-a-focus-event>fire a focus event</dfn> named <var title="">e</var> at
+ an element <var title="">t</var> and with a given related target <var title="">r</var>, the user
+ agent must create a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> <code><a href=#focusevent>FocusEvent</a></code>
+ object, initialise it to have the given name <var title="">e</var>, to not bubble, to not be
+ cancelable, and to have the <code title=dom-FocusEvent-relatedTarget><a href=#dom-focusevent-relatedtarget>relatedTarget</a></code>
+ attribute initialised to <var title="">r</var>, and must then <a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>dispatch</a> the newly created <code><a href=#focusevent>FocusEvent</a></code> object
+ at the specified target element <var title="">t</var>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When a key event is to be routed in a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, the user agent
+ must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">target area</var> be the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context title="currently focused area of a
+ top-level browsing context">currently focused area of the top-level browsing
+ context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">target area</var> is a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, let <var title="">target
+ node</var> be <var title="">target area</var>'s <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i>. Otherwise, <var title="">target area</var> is a <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code>; let <var title="">target node</var> be
+ <var title="">target area</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">target node</var> is a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that has a <a href=#the-body-element-0 title="the
+ body element">body element</a>, then let <var title="">target node</var> be <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body
+ element</a> of that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">target node</var> is a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that has a
+ <a href=#root-element>root element</a>, then let <var title="">target node</var> be the <a href=#root-element>root
+ element</a> of that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">target node</var> is not <a href=#inert>inert</a>, fire the event at <var title="">target node</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>It is possible for the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level browsing
+ context</a> to be <a href=#inert>inert</a>, for example if a <a href=#dom-dialog-showmodal title=dom-dialog-showModal>modal dialog is shown</a>, and then that <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code>
+ element is made <a href=#inert>inert</a>. It is likely to be the result of a logic error in the
+ application, though.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the event was not canceled, then let <var title="">target area</var> handle the key
+ event. This might include <a href=#run-synthetic-click-activation-steps title="run synthetic click activation steps">running synthetic
+ click activation steps</a> for <var title="">target node</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><h4 id=sequential-focus-navigation><span class=secno>6.4.5 </span><dfn>Sequential focus navigation</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>Each <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> has a <dfn id=sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus navigation order</dfn>, which orders some
+ or all of the <i title="focusable area"><a href=#focusable-area>focusable areas</a></i> in the <a href=#control-group>control group</a>
+ relative to each other. The order in the <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus navigation order</a> does not
+ have to be related to the order in the <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> itself. If a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> is
+ omitted from the <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus navigation order</a> of its <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>, then
+ it is unreachable via <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation>sequential focus navigation</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user requests that focus move from the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level
+ browsing context</a> to the next or previous <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> (e.g. as the default action
+ of pressing the <kbd>tab</kbd> key), or when the user requests that focus sequentially move to a
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> in the first place (e.g. from the browser's location bar),
+ the user agent must use the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">starting point</var> be the <a href=#currently-focused-area-of-a-top-level-browsing-context>currently focused area of a top-level
+ browsing context</a>, if the user requested to move focus sequentially from there, or else the
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> itself, if the user instead requested to move focus from
+ outside the <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">direction</var> be <i>forward</i> if the user requested the <em>next</em>
+ control, and <i>backward</i> if the user requested the previous control.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Typically, pressing <kbd>tab</kbd> requests the next control, and pressing
+ <kbd><kbd>shift</kbd>+<kbd>tab</kbd></kbd> requests the previous control.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Loop</i>: Let <var title="">selection mechanism</var> be <i>sequential</i> if the <var title="">starting point</var> is a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> or if <var title="">starting
+ point</var> is in its <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>'s <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus navigation order</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <var title="">starting point</var> is not in its <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>'s
+ <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus navigation order</a>; let <var title="">selection mechanism</var> be
+ <i>DOM</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the result of running the <a href=#sequential-navigation-search-algorithm>sequential
+ navigation search algorithm</a> with <var title="">starting point</var>, <var title="">direction</var>, and <var title="">selection mechanism</var> as the
+ arguments.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidate</var> is not null, then run the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing steps</a>
+ for <var title="">candidate</var> and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">starting point</var> is the <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing
+ context</a>, or a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> in the <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, the
+ user agent should transfer focus to its own controls appropriately (if any), honouring <var title="">direction</var>, and then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if <var title="">direction</var> is <i>backward</i>, then the
+ last focusable control before the browser's rendering area would be the control to focus.</p>
+
+ <p>If the user agent has no focusable controls &mdash; a kiosk-mode browser, for instance
+ &mdash; <!--and <var title="">starting point</var> is not the <span>top-level browsing
+ context</span>,--> then the user agent may instead restart these steps with the <var title="">starting point</var> being the <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> itself.</p>
+
+ <!-- in theory, the top-level browsing context _always_ has at least one focusable area: the
+ viewport. Even a "blocked by a modal dialog" doesn't disable the viewport (since the Document is
+ its DOM anchor, and the Document isn't made inert by "blocked by a modal dialog"). Note that
+ nested browsing contexts can have inert viewports, though (if the browsing context container
+ itself is inert, for example) -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, <var title="">starting point</var> is a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> in a
+ <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>. Let <var title="">starting point</var> be that
+ <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>'s <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a>, and return to the
+ step labeled <i>loop</i>.</p>
+ <!--
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2856
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2857
+ -->
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=sequential-navigation-search-algorithm>sequential navigation search algorithm</dfn> consists of the following steps. This
+ algorithm takes three arguments: <var title="">starting point</var>, <var title="">direction</var>,
+ and <var title="">selection mechanism</var>.</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Pick the appropriate cell from the following table, and follow the instructions in that
+ cell.</p>
+
+ <p>The appropriate cell is the one that is from the column whose header describes <var title="">direction</var> and from the first row whose header describes <var title="">starting point</var> and <var title="">selection mechanism</var>.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>
+ <th> <var title="">direction</var> is <i>forward</i>
+ <th> <var title="">direction</var> is <i>backward</i>
+ <tbody><tr><th><var title="">starting point</var> is a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ <td>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the first <a href=#suitable-sequentially-focusable-area>suitable sequentially focusable area</a> in <var title="">starting point</var>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s <a href=#primary-control-group>primary control group</a>, if any; or else null
+ <td>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the last <a href=#suitable-sequentially-focusable-area>suitable sequentially focusable area</a> in <var title="">starting point</var>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s <a href=#primary-control-group>primary control group</a>, if any; or else null
+ <tr><th><var title="">selection mechanism</var> is <i>DOM</i>
+ <td>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the first <a href=#suitable-sequentially-focusable-area>suitable sequentially focusable area</a> in the <a href=#home-control-group>home control group</a> following <var title="">starting point</var>, if any; or else null
+ <td>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the last <a href=#suitable-sequentially-focusable-area>suitable sequentially focusable area</a> in the <a href=#home-control-group>home control group</a> preceding <var title="">starting point</var>, if any; or else null
+ <tr><th><var title="">selection mechanism</var> is <i>sequential</i>
+ <td>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the first <a href=#suitable-sequentially-focusable-area>suitable sequentially focusable area</a> in the <a href=#home-sequential-focus-navigation-order>home sequential focus navigation order</a> following <var title="">starting point</var>, if any; or else null
+ <td>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the last <a href=#suitable-sequentially-focusable-area>suitable sequentially focusable area</a> in the <a href=#home-sequential-focus-navigation-order>home sequential focus navigation order</a> preceding <var title="">starting point</var>, if any; or else null
+
+ </table><p>A <dfn id=suitable-sequentially-focusable-area>suitable sequentially focusable area</dfn> is a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> whose <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM
+ anchor</a></i> is not <a href=#inert>inert</a> and that is in its <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>'s <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential
+ focus navigation order</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=primary-control-group>primary control group</dfn> of a <a href=#control-group-owner-object>control group owner object</a> <var title="">X</var> is the <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> of <var title="">X</var> if <var title="">X</var> has no <a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a> or if its <a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a> has no
+ designated <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused dialog of the dialog group</a>, otherwise, it is the <a href=#primary-control-group>primary
+ control group</a> of <var title="">X</var>'s <a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a>'s designated
+ <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused dialog of the dialog group</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=home-control-group>home control group</dfn> is the <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i> to which <var title="">starting point</var> belongs.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=home-sequential-focus-navigation-order>home sequential focus navigation order</dfn> is the <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus
+ navigation order</a> to which <var title="">starting point</var> belongs.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#home-sequential-focus-navigation-order>home sequential focus navigation order</a> is the <a href=#home-control-group>home
+ control group</a>'s <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus navigation order</a>, but is only used when the
+ <var title="">starting point</var> is in that <a href=#sequential-focus-navigation-order>sequential focus navigation order</a>
+ (when it's not, <var title="">selection mechanism</var> will be <i>DOM</i>).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">candidate</var> is a <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a>, then let <var title="">new candidate</var> be the result of running the <a href=#sequential-navigation-search-algorithm>sequential navigation search
+ algorithm</a> with <var title="">candidate</var>'s <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> as
+ the first argument, <var title="">direction</var> as the second, and <i>sequential</i> <!--
+ shift-tab from the end in http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2855 -->
+ as the third.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">new candidate</var> is null, then let <var title="">starting point</var>
+ be <var title="">candidate</var>, and return to the top of this algorithm. Otherwise, let <var title="">candidate</var> be <var title="">new candidate</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">candidate</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <h4 id=focus-management-apis><span class=secno>6.4.6 </span>Focus management APIs</h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-activeElement><a href=#dom-document-activeelement>activeElement</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the deepest element in the document through which or to which key events are being
+ routed. This is, roughly speaking, the focused element in the document.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of this API, when a <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a> is focused, its
+ <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a> is <a href=#bc-focus-ergo-bcc-focus>focused</a> in the
+ <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent browsing context</a>. For example, if the user moves the focus to a text field
+ in an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> is the element returned by the <code title=dom-document-activeElement><a href=#dom-document-activeelement>activeElement</a></code> API in the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>'s
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-hasFocus><a href=#dom-document-hasfocus>hasFocus</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if key events are being routed through or to the document; otherwise, returns
+ false. Roughly speaking, this corresponds to the document, or a documented nested inside this
+ one, being focused.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-window-focus><a href=#dom-window-focus>focus</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2823 -->
+
+ <p>Moves the focus to the window's <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+<!--
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title="dom-window-blur">blur</code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>No effect.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+-->
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-focus><a href=#dom-focus>focus</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Moves the focus to the element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element is <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a>, moves the focus to the viewport instead.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-blur><a href=#dom-blur>blur</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Moves the focus to the viewport. Use of this method is discouraged; if you want to focus the
+ viewport, call the <code title=dom-focus><a href=#dom-focus>focus()</a></code> method on <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Do not use this method to hide the focus ring if you find the focus ring unsightly. Instead,
+ use a CSS rule to override the 'outline' property, and provide a different way to show what
+ element is focused. Be aware that if an alternative focusing style isn't made available, the
+ page will be significantly less usable for people who primarily navigate pages using a keyboard,
+ or those with reduced vision who use focus outlines to help them navigate the page.</p>
+
+ <!-- we suggest using CSS here because users can override CSS, so it's no the end of the world,
+ unlike using .blur(), which cannot be easily overridden by users and completely breaks tab
+ navigation. -->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, to hide the outline from links and instead use a yellow background to indicate
+ focus, you could use:</p>
+
+ <pre>:link:focus, :visited:focus { outline: none; background: yellow; color: black; }</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-activeelement title=dom-document-activeElement><code>activeElement</code></dfn> attribute on
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects must return the value returned by the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> on which the method was
+ invoked.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidate</var> has a <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> with a designated
+ <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused dialog of the dialog group</a>, then let <var title="">candidate</var> be the
+ designated <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused dialog of the dialog group</a>, and redo this step.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidate</var> has a non-empty <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>, let <var title="">candidate</var> be the designated <a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area of the control
+ group</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidate</var> is a <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i>, let <var title="">candidate</var> be <var title="">candidate</var>'s <i><a href=#dom-anchor>DOM anchor</a></i>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">candidate</var> is a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that has a <a href=#the-body-element-0 title="the
+ body element">body element</a>, then let <var title="">candidate</var> be <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body
+ element</a> of that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">candidate</var> is a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that has a <a href=#root-element>root
+ element</a>, then let <var title="">candidate</var> be the <a href=#root-element>root element</a> of that
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">candidate</var> is a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, then let <var title="">candidate</var> be null.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">candidate</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-document-hasfocus title=dom-document-hasFocus><code>hasFocus()</code></dfn> method on
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects must return the value returned by the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">target</var> be the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> on which the method was
+ invoked.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level
+ browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">candidate</var> is <var title="">target</var>, return true and abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">candidate</var> has a <i><a href=#dialog-group>dialog group</a></i> with a designated <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused
+ dialog of the dialog group</a>, then let <var title="">candidate</var> be the designated
+ <a href=#focused-dialog-of-the-dialog-group>focused dialog of the dialog group</a>, and redo this step.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">candidate</var> has a non-empty <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>, and the
+ designated <a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area of the control group</a> is a <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a>, and the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of that <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a>'s <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> is <var title="">target</var>, then
+ return true and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">candidate</var> has a non-empty <i><a href=#control-group>control group</a></i>, and the
+ designated <a href=#focused-area-of-the-control-group>focused area of the control group</a> is a <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a>, then let <var title="">candidate</var> be the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of
+ that <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a>'s <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, and redo
+ this step.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, return false and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-window-focus title=dom-window-focus><code>focus()</code></dfn> method on the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ object, when invoked, must run the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing steps</a> with the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ object's <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>. Additionally, if this <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is a
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, user agents are encouraged to trigger some sort of
+ notification to indicate to the user that the page is attempting to gain focus.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-window-blur title=dom-window-blur><code>blur()</code></dfn> method on the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ object, when invoked, provides a hint to the user agent that the script believes the user probably
+ is not currently interested in the contents of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which the method was invoked, but that the contents might become
+ interesting again in the future.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents are encouraged to ignore calls to this <code title=dom-window-blur><a href=#dom-window-blur>blur()</a></code>
+ method entirely.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Historically, the <code title=dom-window-blur><a href=#dom-window-blur>focus()</a></code> and <code title=dom-window-blur><a href=#dom-window-blur>blur()</a></code> methods actually affected the system-level focus of the
+ system widget (e.g. tab or window) that contained the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, but hostile
+ sites widely abuse this behavior to the user's detriment.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-focus title=dom-focus><code>focus()</code></dfn> method on elements, when invoked, must
+ run the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element is marked as <i><a href=#locked-for-focus>locked for focus</a></i>, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Mark the element as <dfn id=locked-for-focus>locked for focus</dfn>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing steps</a> for the element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Unmark the element as <i><a href=#locked-for-focus>locked for focus</a></i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-blur title=dom-blur><code>blur()</code></dfn> method, when invoked, should run the
+ <a href=#unfocusing-steps>unfocusing steps</a> for the element on which the method was called. User agents may
+ selectively or uniformly ignore calls to this method for usability reasons.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if the <code title=dom-blur><a href=#dom-blur>blur()</a></code> method is unwisely
+ being used to remove the focus ring for aesthetics reasons, the page would become unusable by
+ keyboard users. Ignoring calls to this method would thus allow keyboard users to interact with the
+ page.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+ <h3 id=assigning-keyboard-shortcuts><span class=secno>6.5 </span>Assigning keyboard shortcuts</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=introduction-6><span class=secno>6.5.1 </span>Introduction</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Each element that can be activated or focused can be assigned a single key combination to
+ activate it, using the <code title=attr-accesskey><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>accesskey</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The exact shortcut is determined by the user agent, based on information about the user's
+ keyboard, what keyboard shortcuts already exist on the platform, and what other shortcuts have
+ been specified on the page, using the information provided in the <code title=attr-accesskey><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>accesskey</a></code> attribute as a guide.</p>
+
+ <p>In order to ensure that a relevant keyboard shortcut is available on a wide variety of input
+ devices, the author can provide a number of alternatives in the <code title=attr-accesskey><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>accesskey</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Each alternative consists of a single character, such as a letter or digit.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents can provide users with a list of the keyboard shortcuts, but authors are encouraged
+ to do so also. The <code title=dom-accessKeyLabel><a href=#dom-accesskeylabel>accessKeyLabel</a></code> IDL attribute returns a
+ string representing the actual key combination assigned by the user agent.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, an author has provided a button that can be invoked using a shortcut key. To
+ support full keyboards, the author has provided "C" as a possible key. To support devices
+ equipped only with numeric keypads, the author has provided "1" as another possibly key.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input type=button value=Collect onclick="collect()"
+ <strong>accesskey="C 1"</strong> id=c&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>To tell the user what the shortcut key is, the author has this script here opted to explicitly
+ add the key combination to the button's label:</p>
+
+ <pre>function addShortcutKeyLabel(button) {
+<strong> if (button.accessKeyLabel != '')
+ button.value += ' (' + button.accessKeyLabel + ')';</strong>
+}
+addShortcutKeyLabel(document.getElementById('c'));</pre>
+
+ <p>Browsers on different platforms will show different labels, even for the same key combination,
+ based on the convention prevalent on that platform. For example, if the key combination is the
+ Control key, the Shift key, and the letter C, a Windows browser might display
+ "<samp>Ctrl+Shift+C</samp>", whereas a Mac browser might display "<samp>^&#x21e7;C</samp>", while
+ an Emacs browser might just display "<samp>C-C</samp>". Similarly, if the key combination is the
+ Alt key and the Escape key, Windows might use "<samp>Alt+Esc</samp>", Mac might use
+ "<samp>&#x2325;&#x238b;</samp>", and an Emacs browser might use "<samp>M-ESC</samp>" or
+ "<samp>ESC ESC</samp>".</p>
+
+ <p>In general, therefore, it is unwise to attempt to parse the value returned from the <code title=dom-accessKeyLabel><a href=#dom-accesskeylabel>accessKeyLabel</a></code> IDL attribute.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-accesskey-attribute><span class=secno>6.5.2 </span>The <dfn title=attr-accesskey><code>accesskey</code></dfn> attribute</h4>
+
+ <p>All <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> may have the <code title=attr-accesskey><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>accesskey</a></code>
+ content attribute set. The <code title=attr-accesskey><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>accesskey</a></code> attribute's value is used
+ by the user agent as a guide for creating a keyboard shortcut that activates or focuses the
+ element.</p>
+
+ <p>If specified, the value must be an <a href=#ordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>ordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a>
+ that are <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>, each of which must be exactly one Unicode code point in
+ length.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, a variety of links are given with access keys so that keyboard users
+ familiar with the site can more quickly navigate to the relevant pages:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;nav&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;a title="Consortium Activities" accesskey="A" href="/Consortium/activities"&gt;Activities&lt;/a&gt; |
+ &lt;a title="Technical Reports and Recommendations" accesskey="T" href="/TR/"&gt;Technical Reports&lt;/a&gt; |
+ &lt;a title="Alphabetical Site Index" accesskey="S" href="/Consortium/siteindex"&gt;Site Index&lt;/a&gt; |
+ &lt;a title="About This Site" accesskey="B" href="/Consortium/"&gt;About Consortium&lt;/a&gt; |
+ &lt;a title="Contact Consortium" accesskey="C" href="/Consortium/contact"&gt;Contact&lt;/a&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/nav&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the search field is given two possible access keys, "s" and "0" (in
+ that order). A user agent on a device with a full keyboard might pick <kbd title=""><kbd title="">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd title="">Alt</kbd>+<kbd title="">S</kbd></kbd> as the shortcut key,
+ while a user agent on a small device with just a numeric keypad might pick just the plain
+ unadorned key <kbd><kbd>0</kbd></kbd>:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;form action="/search"&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;Search: &lt;input type="search" name="q" accesskey="s 0"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+ &lt;input type="submit"&gt;
+&lt;/form&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, a button has possible access keys described. A script then tries to
+ update the button's label to advertise the key combination the user agent selected.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input type=submit accesskey="N @ 1" value="Compose"&gt;
+...
+&lt;script&gt;
+ function labelButton(button) {
+ if (button.accessKeyLabel)
+ button.value += ' (' + button.accessKeyLabel + ')';
+ }
+ var inputs = document.getElementsByTagName('input');
+ for (var i = 0; i &lt; inputs.length; i += 1) {
+ if (inputs[i].type == "submit")
+ labelButton(inputs[i]);
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>On one user agent, the button's label might become "<samp>Compose (&#x2318;N)</samp>". On
+ another, it might become "<samp>Compose (Alt+&#x21e7;+1)</samp>". If the user agent doesn't
+ assign a key, it will be just "<samp>Compose</samp>". The exact string depends on what the
+ <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a> is, and on how the user agent represents that key
+ combination.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=processing-model-5><span class=secno>6.5.3 </span>Processing model</h4>
+
+ <p>An element's <dfn id=assigned-access-key>assigned access key</dfn> is a key combination derived from the element's
+ <code title=attr-accesskey><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>accesskey</a></code> content attribute. Initially, an element must not
+ have an <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever an element's <code title=attr-accesskey><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>accesskey</a></code> attribute is set, changed,
+ or removed, the user agent must update the element's <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a> by running
+ the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element has no <code title=attr-accesskey><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>accesskey</a></code> attribute, then skip
+ to the <i>fallback</i> step below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on spaces">split the attribute's value on
+ spaces</a>, and let <var title="">keys</var> be the resulting tokens.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each value in <var title="">keys</var> in turn, in the order the tokens appeared in the
+ attribute's value, run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the value is not a string exactly one Unicode code point in length, then skip the
+ remainder of these steps for this value.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the value does not correspond to a key on the system's keyboard, then skip the
+ remainder of these steps for this value.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the user agent can find a mix of zero or more modifier keys that, combined with the
+ key that corresponds to the value given in the attribute, can be used as the access key, then
+ the user agent may assign that combination of keys as the element's <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access
+ key</a> and abort these steps.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Fallback</i>: Optionally, the user agent may assign a key combination of its choosing
+ as the element's <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a> and then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this step is reached, the element has no <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Once a user agent has selected and assigned an access key for an element, the user agent should
+ not change the element's <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a> unless the <code title=attr-accesskey><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>accesskey</a></code> content attribute is changed or the element is moved to
+ another <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user presses the key combination corresponding to the <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a>
+ for an element, if the element <a href=#concept-command title=concept-command>defines a command</a>, the
+ command's <a href=#command-facet-hiddenstate title=command-facet-HiddenState>Hidden State</a> facet is false (visible),
+ the command's <a href=#command-facet-disabledstate title=command-facet-DisabledState>Disabled State</a> facet is also false
+ (enabled), the element is <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a> that has an associated
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, and neither the element nor any of its ancestors has a <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute specified, then the user agent must trigger the <a href=#command-facet-action title=command-facet-Action>Action</a> of the command.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>User agents <a href=#expose-commands-in-ui>might expose</a> elements that have
+ an <code title=attr-accesskey><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>accesskey</a></code> attribute in other ways as well, e.g. in a menu
+ displayed in response to a specific key combination.</p> <!-- the actual conformance criteria for
+ this is in the section that defines commands -->
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-accesskey title=dom-accessKey><code>accessKey</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-accesskey><a href=#the-accesskey-attribute>accesskey</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-accesskeylabel title=dom-accessKeyLabel><code>accessKeyLabel</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return
+ a string that represents the element's <a href=#assigned-access-key>assigned access key</a>, if any. If the element
+ does not have one, then the IDL attribute must return the empty string.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=editing-0><span class=secno>6.6 </span>Editing</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=contenteditable><span class=secno>6.6.1 </span>Making document regions editable: The <code title=attr-contenteditable><a href=#attr-contenteditable>contenteditable</a></code> content attribute</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-contenteditable title=attr-contenteditable><code>contenteditable</code></dfn> attribute is an
+ <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a> whose keywords are the empty string, <code title="">true</code>,
+ and <code title="">false</code>. The empty string and the <code title="">true</code> keyword map
+ to the <i>true</i> state. The <code title="">false</code> keyword maps to the <i>false</i> state.
+ In addition, there is a third state, the <i>inherit</i> state, which is the <i>missing value
+ default</i> (and the <i>invalid value default</i>).</p>
+
+ <p>The <i>true</i> state indicates that the element is editable. The <i>inherit</i> state
+ indicates that the element is editable if its parent is. The <i>false</i> state indicates that the
+ element is not editable.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-contentEditable><a href=#dom-contenteditable>contentEditable</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns "<code title="">true</code>", "<code title="">false</code>", or "<code title="">inherit</code>", based on the state of the <code title=attr-contenteditable><a href=#attr-contenteditable>contenteditable</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change that state.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception if the new value isn't one of those strings.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-isContentEditable><a href=#dom-iscontenteditable>isContentEditable</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element is editable; otherwise, returns false.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-contenteditable title=dom-contentEditable><code>contentEditable</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on
+ getting, must return the string "<code title="">true</code>" if the content attribute is set to
+ the true state, "<code title="">false</code>" if the content attribute is set to the false state,
+ and "<code title="">inherit</code>" otherwise. On setting, if the new value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">inherit</code>" then the content
+ attribute must be removed, if the new value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ the string "<code title="">true</code>" then the content attribute must be set to the string
+ "<code title="">true</code>", if the new value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ the string "<code title="">false</code>" then the content attribute must be set to the string
+ "<code title="">false</code>", and otherwise the attribute setter must throw a
+ <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-iscontenteditable title=dom-isContentEditable><code>isContentEditable</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on
+ getting, must return true if the element is either an <a href=#editing-host>editing host</a> or
+ <a href=#editable>editable</a>, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=making-entire-documents-editable:-the-designmode-idl-attribute><span class=secno>6.6.2 </span>Making entire documents editable: The <code title=dom-document-designMode><a href=#designMode>designMode</a></code> IDL attribute</h4>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Documents have a <dfn id=designMode title=dom-document-designMode><code>designMode</code></dfn>, which can be either enabled or
+ disabled.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-designMode><a href=#designMode>designMode</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns "<code title="">on</code>" if the document is editable, and "<code title="">off</code>" if it isn't.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the document's current state. This focuses the document and resets the
+ selection in that document.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-document-designMode><a href=#designMode>designMode</a></code> IDL attribute on the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object takes two values, "<code title="">on</code>" and "<code title="">off</code>". On setting, the new value must be compared in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> manner to these two values; if it matches the "<code title="">on</code>"
+ value, then <code title=dom-document-designMode><a href=#designMode>designMode</a></code> must be enabled, and if it
+ matches the "<code title="">off</code>" value, then <code title=dom-document-designMode><a href=#designMode>designMode</a></code> must be disabled. Other values must be
+ ignored.</p>
+
+ <p>On getting, if <code title=dom-document-designMode><a href=#designMode>designMode</a></code> is enabled, the IDL
+ attribute must return the value "<code title="">on</code>"; otherwise it is disabled, and the
+ attribute must return the value "<code title="">off</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>The last state set must persist until the document is destroyed or the state is changed.
+ Initially, documents must have their <code title=dom-document-designMode><a href=#designMode>designMode</a></code>
+ disabled.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code title=dom-document-designMode><a href=#designMode>designMode</a></code> changes from being disabled to
+ being enabled, the user agent must synchronously reset the document's <a href=#active-range>active range</a>'s
+ start and end boundary points to be at the start of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> and then run the
+ <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing steps</a> for the root element of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, if any.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=best-practices-for-in-page-editors><span class=secno>6.6.3 </span>Best practices for in-page editors</h4>
+
+ <p>Authors are encouraged to set the 'white-space' property on <a href=#editing-host title="editing host">editing
+ hosts</a> and on markup that was originally created through these editing mechanisms to the
+ value 'pre-wrap'. Default HTML whitespace handling is not well suited to WYSIWYG editing, and line
+ wrapping will not work correctly in some corner cases if 'white-space' is left at its default
+ value.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>As an example of problems that occur if the default 'normal' value is used instead, consider
+ the case of the user typing "<kbd>yellow&blank;&blank;ball</kbd>", with two spaces (here
+ represented by "&blank;") between the words. With the editing rules in place for the default
+ value of 'white-space' ('normal'), the resulting markup will either consist of
+ "<samp>yellow&amp;nbsp;&nbsp;ball</samp>" or "<samp>yellow&nbsp;&amp;nbsp;ball</samp>"; i.e.,
+ there will be a non-breaking space between the two words in addition to the regular space. This
+ is necessary because the 'normal' value for 'white-space' requires adjacent regular spaces to be
+ collapsed together.</p>
+
+ <p>In the former case, "<samp>yellow&#x237d;</samp>" might wrap to the next line ("&#x237d;"
+ being used here to represent a non-breaking space) even though "<samp>yellow</samp>" alone might
+ fit at the end of the line; in the latter case, "<samp>&#x237d;ball</samp>", if wrapped to the
+ start of the line, would have visible indentation from the non-breaking space.</p>
+
+ <p>When 'white-space' is set to 'pre-wrap', however, the editing rules will instead simply put
+ two regular spaces between the words, and should the two words be split at the end of a line, the
+ spaces would be neatly removed from the rendering.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=editing-apis><span class=secno>6.6.4 </span>Editing APIs</h4>
+
+ <p>The definition of the terms <dfn id=active-range>active range</dfn>, <dfn id=editing-host>editing host</dfn>, and
+ <dfn id=editable>editable</dfn>, the user interface requirements of elements that are <a href=#editing-host title="editing
+ host">editing hosts</a> or <a href=#editable>editable</a>, the
+
+ <dfn id=execCommand title=dom-document-execCommand><code>execCommand()</code></dfn>,
+ <dfn id=dom-document-querycommandenabled title=dom-document-queryCommandEnabled><code>queryCommandEnabled()</code></dfn>,
+ <dfn id=dom-document-querycommandindeterm title=dom-document-queryCommandIndeterm><code>queryCommandIndeterm()</code></dfn>,
+ <dfn id=dom-document-querycommandstate title=dom-document-queryCommandState><code>queryCommandState()</code></dfn>,
+ <dfn id=dom-document-querycommandsupported title=dom-document-queryCommandSupported><code>queryCommandSupported()</code></dfn>, and
+ <dfn id=dom-document-querycommandvalue title=dom-document-queryCommandValue><code>queryCommandValue()</code></dfn>
+
+ methods, text selections, and the <dfn id=delete-the-selection>delete the selection</dfn> algorithm are defined in the
+ HTML Editing APIs specification. The interaction of editing and the undo/redo features in user
+ agents is defined by the UndoManager and DOM Transaction specification. <a href=#refsEDITING>[EDITING]</a> <a href=#refsUNDO>[UNDO]</a></p>
+
+ <!-- those might get merged in here eventually -->
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=spelling-and-grammar-checking><span class=secno>6.6.5 </span>Spelling and grammar checking</h4>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents can support the checking of spelling and grammar of editable text, either in form
+ controls (such as the value of <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements), or in elements in an <a href=#editing-host>editing
+ host</a> (e.g. using <code title=attr-contenteditable><a href=#attr-contenteditable>contenteditable</a></code>).</p>
+
+ <p>For each element, user agents must establish a <dfn id=concept-spellcheck-default title=concept-spellcheck-default>default
+ behavior</dfn>, either through defaults or through preferences expressed by the user. There are
+ three possible default behaviors for each element:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=concept-spellcheck-default-true title=concept-spellcheck-default-true>true-by-default</dfn>
+
+ <dd>The element will be checked for spelling and grammar if its contents are editable.
+
+ <dt><dfn id=concept-spellcheck-default-false title=concept-spellcheck-default-false>false-by-default</dfn>
+
+ <dd>The element will never be checked for spelling and grammar.
+
+ <dt><dfn id=concept-spellcheck-default-inherit title=concept-spellcheck-default-inherit>inherit-by-default</dfn>
+
+ <dd>The element's default behavior is the same as its parent element's. Elements that have no
+ parent element cannot have this as their default behavior.
+
+ </dl><hr></div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=attr-spellcheck title=attr-spellcheck><code>spellcheck</code></dfn> attribute is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated
+ attribute</a> whose keywords are the empty string, <code title="">true</code> and <code title="">false</code>. The empty string and the <code title="">true</code> keyword map to the
+ <i>true</i> state. The <code title="">false</code> keyword maps to the <i>false</i> state. In
+ addition, there is a third state, the <i>default</i> state, which is the <i>missing value
+ default</i> (and the <i>invalid value default</i>).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <i>true</i> state indicates that the element is to have its spelling and
+ grammar checked. The <i>default</i> state indicates that the element is to act according to a
+ default behavior, possibly based on the parent element's own <code title=attr-spellcheck><a href=#attr-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code> state, as defined below. The <i>false</i> state
+ indicates that the element is not to be checked.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr></div>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-spellcheck><a href=#dom-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element is to have its spelling and grammar checked; otherwise, returns
+ false.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to override the default and set the <code title=attr-spellcheck><a href=#attr-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-forceSpellCheck><a href=#dom-forcespellcheck>forceSpellCheck</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Forces the user agent to report spelling and grammar errors on the element (if checking is
+ enabled), even if the user has never focused the element. (If the method is not invoked, user
+ agents can hide errors in text that wasn't just entered by the user.)</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-spellcheck title=dom-spellcheck><code>spellcheck</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must
+ return true if the element's <code title=attr-spellcheck><a href=#attr-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code> content attribute is
+ in the <i>true</i> state, or if the element's <code title=attr-spellcheck><a href=#attr-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code>
+ content attribute is in the <i>default</i> state and the element's <a href=#concept-spellcheck-default title=concept-spellcheck-default>default behavior</a> is <a href=#concept-spellcheck-default-true title=concept-spellcheck-default-true>true-by-default</a>, or if the element's <code title=attr-spellcheck><a href=#attr-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code> content attribute is in the <i>default</i> state and the
+ element's <a href=#concept-spellcheck-default title=concept-spellcheck-default>default behavior</a> is <a href=#concept-spellcheck-default-inherit title=concept-spellcheck-default-inherit>inherit-by-default</a> and the element's parent
+ element's <code title=dom-spellcheck><a href=#dom-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code> IDL attribute would return true;
+ otherwise, if none of those conditions applies, then the attribute must instead return false.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=dom-spellcheck><a href=#dom-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code> IDL attribute is not affected
+ by user preferences that override the <code title=attr-spellcheck><a href=#attr-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code> content
+ attribute, and therefore might not reflect the actual spellchecking state.</p>
+
+ <p>On setting, if the new value is true, then the element's <code title=attr-spellcheck><a href=#attr-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code> content attribute must be set to the literal string
+ "<code title="">true</code>", otherwise it must be set to the literal string "<code title="">false</code>".
+
+ <hr><p>User agents must only consider the following pieces of text as checkable for the purposes of
+ this feature:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attributes are in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a>, <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a>,
+ <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a>, or <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a> states and that are <i title=concept-fe-mutable><a href=#concept-fe-mutable>mutable</a></i> (i.e. that do not have the <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute specified and that are not <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>).</li>
+
+ <li>The <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> of <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements that do not
+ have a <code title=attr-textarea-readonly><a href=#attr-textarea-readonly>readonly</a></code> attribute and that are not <a href=#concept-fe-disabled title=concept-fe-disabled>disabled</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Text in <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes that are children of <a href=#editing-host title="editing host">editing
+ hosts</a> or <a href=#editable>editable</a> elements.</li>
+
+ <li>Text in attributes of <a href=#editable>editable</a> elements.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>For text that is part of a <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node, the element with which the text is
+ associated is the element that is the immediate parent of the first character of the word,
+ sentence, or other piece of text. For text in attributes, it is the attribute's element. For the
+ values of <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements, it is the element itself.</p>
+
+ <p>To determine if a word, sentence, or other piece of text in an applicable element (as defined
+ above) is to have spelling- and grammar-checking enabled, the UA must use the following
+ algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- user override --><li>If the user has disabled the checking for this text, then the checking is disabled.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if the user has forced the checking for this text to always be enabled, then the
+ checking is enabled.</li>
+
+ <!-- content attribute: on, off -->
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if the element with which the text is associated has a <code title=attr-spellcheck><a href=#attr-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code> content attribute, then: if that attribute is in the
+ <i>true</i> state, then checking is enabled; otherwise, if that attribute is in the <i>false</i>
+ state, then checking is disabled.</li>
+
+ <!-- inherit, if there is one to inherit from -->
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if there is an ancestor element with a <code title=attr-spellcheck><a href=#attr-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code> content attribute that is not in the <i>default</i>
+ state, then: if the nearest such ancestor's <code title=attr-spellcheck><a href=#attr-spellcheck>spellcheck</a></code>
+ content attribute is in the <i>true</i> state, then checking is enabled; otherwise, checking is
+ disabled.</li>
+
+ <!-- default -->
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if the element's <a href=#concept-spellcheck-default title=concept-spellcheck-default>default behavior</a>
+ is <a href=#concept-spellcheck-default-true title=concept-spellcheck-default-true>true-by-default</a>, then checking is
+ enabled.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if the element's <a href=#concept-spellcheck-default title=concept-spellcheck-default>default behavior</a>
+ is <a href=#concept-spellcheck-default-false title=concept-spellcheck-default-false>false-by-default</a>, then checking is
+ disabled.</li>
+
+ <!-- default inheritance -->
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if the element's parent element has <em>its</em> checking enabled, then checking
+ is enabled.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, checking is disabled.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>If the checking is enabled for a word/sentence/text, the user agent should indicate spelling
+ and grammar errors in that text. User agents should take into account the other semantics given in
+ the document when suggesting spelling and grammar corrections. User agents may use the language of
+ the element to determine what spelling and grammar rules to use, or may use the user's preferred
+ language settings. UAs should use <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element attributes such as <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code> to ensure that the resulting value is valid, where
+ possible.</p>
+
+ <p>If checking is disabled, the user agent should not indicate spelling or grammar errors for that
+ text.</p>
+
+ <p>Even when checking is enabled, user agents may opt to not report spelling or grammar errors in
+ text that the user agent deems the user has no interest in having checked (e.g. text that was
+ already present when the page was loaded, or that the user did not type, or text in controls that
+ the user has not focused, or in parts of e-mail addresses that the user agent is not confident
+ were misspelt). The <dfn id=dom-forcespellcheck title=dom-forceSpellCheck><code>forceSpellCheck()</code></dfn> method,
+ when invoked on an element, must override this behavior, forcing the user agent to consider all
+ spelling and grammar errors in text in that element for which checking is enabled to be of
+ interest to the user.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The element with ID "a" in the following example would be the one used to determine if the
+ word "Hello" is checked for spelling errors. In this example, it would not be.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div contenteditable="true"&gt;
+ &lt;span spellcheck="false" id="a"&gt;Hell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;o!&lt;/em&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The element with ID "b" in the following example would have checking enabled (the leading
+ space character in the attribute's value on the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element causes the attribute
+ to be ignored, so the ancestor's value is used instead, regardless of the default).</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;p spellcheck="true"&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;Name: &lt;input spellcheck=" false" id="b"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>This specification does not define the user interface for spelling and grammar
+ checkers. A user agent could offer on-demand checking, could perform continuous checking while the
+ checking is enabled, or could use other interfaces.</p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=dnd><span class=secno>6.7 </span><dfn>Drag and drop</dfn></h3>
+
+<!-- v2: ideas for drag and drop:
+
+ * being able to animate a drop target:
+
+ > To implement this with simple interface I've proposed, events should be handled either by
+ > existing elements (like list items that compare their size and position of dragged element
+ > to decide whether element should be dropped before or after) or handled by container that
+ > would probably need to calculate positions of it's children and create new element to show
+ > drop target. Smooth Mac-like drag'n'drop can be implemented by animating drop target's
+ > padding/margin. So that's quite a bit of code that's going to be reinvented each time
+ > someone implements reordering.
+
+ <hyatt> :droptarget
+ <hyatt> or something
+ <hyatt> we don't support a pseudo-class for the drop target but that's a great idea
+ <Hixie_> yeah, thinking about that too
+ <Hixie_> :drop-target, :drop-target(above), :drop-target(below) and having ondragover be able to say "not on me, but next to me maybe"
+
+ - some way to be able to match an element that is being dragged over.
+
+ - some way to be able to animate an element as it goes into and out of this state (CSS
+ transitions?), e.g. to be able to animate something "getting out of the way" to let you
+ drop an item between others.
+
+ - as an extension to the previous feature, a way to distinguish being dragged above or to the
+ left of the drag target vs below or to the right of the drag target.
+
+ * We should let drop targets communicate back to drag sources if they want to communicate.
+ (e.g. expose Window, and thus postMessage(), on the dataTransfer object on drop.) Or maybe
+ just use a MessagePort!
+
+ We should let drag sources provide a set of options via a context menu when the drop happens.
+ (So that, e.g., the source can know whether a capabilities URI that it is passing along is
+ supposed to be read-write access or read-only access to the object being dragged.)
+
+ We should let potential drop targets see the types (but not the contents!) of dragged data so
+ they can establish if they care or not. (dataTransfer.hasType())
+
+ Ack: Ben Laurie (@g)
+
+ * Interop with native apps. In particular, we probably want to whitelist the list of types that
+ a Web page can see, since otherwise we'll end up exposing things like the username (if a user
+ drags a file from their desktop, the path is exposed on some OSes).
+
+ * Alex Velkov suggests that drags to and from the same origin should be able to read the data
+ even before the drop.
+
+ Other things listed below:
+ DND-v2: more native support: text/html from selections, etc
+ DND-v3: add Blob support
+ DND-v4: add structured clone support
+ DND-v5: add promises (should be able to say "if you accept this
+ drop, then I can provide the File object that
+ corresponds to it eventually")
+
+ DataTransferPromise.type = 'string' or 'file' or 'blob' or 'data'
+ .onneeddata - can wait until this fires to provide data
+ .setData() - call this once you have data, must be the right type
+
+-->
+
+ <p>This section defines an event-based drag-and-drop mechanism.</p>
+
+ <p>This specification does not define exactly what a <em>drag-and-drop operation</em> actually
+ is.</p>
+
+ <p>On a visual medium with a pointing device, a drag operation could be the default action of a
+ <code title=event-mousedown><a href=#event-mousedown>mousedown</a></code> event that is followed by a series of <code title=event-mousemove><a href=#event-mousemove>mousemove</a></code> events, and the drop could be triggered by the mouse
+ being released.</p>
+
+ <p>When using an input modality other than a pointing device, users would probably have to
+ explicitly indicate their intention to perform a drag-and-drop operation, stating what they wish
+ to drag and where they wish to drop it, respectively.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>However it is implemented, drag-and-drop operations must have a starting point (e.g. where the
+ mouse was clicked, or the start of the selection or element that was selected for the drag), may
+ have any number of intermediate steps (elements that the mouse moves over during a drag, or
+ elements that the user picks as possible drop points as he cycles through possibilities), and must
+ either have an end point (the element above which the mouse button was released, or the element
+ that was finally selected), or be canceled. The end point must be the last element selected as a
+ possible drop point before the drop occurs (so if the operation is not canceled, there must be at
+ least one element in the middle step).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=introduction-7><span class=secno>6.7.1 </span>Introduction</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>To make an element draggable is simple: give the element a <code title=attr-draggable><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>draggable</a></code> attribute, and set an event listener for <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code> that stores the data being dragged.</p>
+
+ <p>The event handler typically needs to check that it's not a text selection that is being
+ dragged, and then needs to store data into the <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object and set the
+ allowed effects (copy, move, link, or some combination).</p>
+
+ <p>For example:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;What fruits do you like?&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ol ondragstart="dragStartHandler(event)"&gt;
+ &lt;li draggable="true" data-value="fruit-apple"&gt;Apples&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li draggable="true" data-value="fruit-orange"&gt;Oranges&lt;/li&gt;
+ &lt;li draggable="true" data-value="fruit-pear"&gt;Pears&lt;/li&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var internalDNDType = 'text/x-example'; // set this to something specific to your site
+ function dragStartHandler(event) {
+ if (event.target instanceof HTMLLIElement) {
+ // use the element's data-value="" attribute as the value to be moving:
+ event.dataTransfer.setData(internalDNDType, event.target.dataset.value);
+ event.dataTransfer.effectAllowed = 'move'; // only allow moves
+ } else {
+ event.preventDefault(); // don't allow selection to be dragged
+ }
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <hr><p>To accept a drop, the drop target has to have a <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code>
+ attribute and listen to the <code title=drop-event>drop</code> event.</p>
+
+ <p>The value of the <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute specifies what kind of
+ data to accept (e.g. "<code title="">string:text/plain</code>" to accept any text strings, or
+ "<code>file:image/png</code>" to accept a PNG image file) and what kind of feedback to give (e.g.
+ "<code>move</code>" to indicate that the data will be moved).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Instead of using the <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute, a drop
+ target can handle the <code title=event-dnd-dragenter><a href=#event-dnd-dragenter>dragenter</a></code> event (to report whether or
+ not the drop target is to accept the drop) and the <code title=event-dnd-dragover><a href=#event-dnd-dragover>dragover</a></code>
+ event (to specify what feedback is to be shown to the user).</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-dnd-drop><a href=#event-dnd-drop>drop</a></code> event allows the actual drop to be performed. This
+ event needs to be canceled, so that the <code title=dom-DataTransfer-DropEffect><a href=#dom-datatransfer-dropeffect>dropEffect</a></code> attribute's value can be used by the source
+ (otherwise it's reset).</p>
+
+ <p>For example:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;Drop your favorite fruits below:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ol dropzone="move string:text/x-example" ondrop="dropHandler(event)"&gt;
+ &lt;!-- don't forget to change the "text/x-example" type to something
+ specific to your site --&gt;
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var internalDNDType = 'text/x-example'; // set this to something specific to your site
+ function dropHandler(event) {
+ var li = document.createElement('li');
+ var data = event.dataTransfer.getData(internalDNDType);
+ if (data == 'fruit-apple') {
+ li.textContent = 'Apples';
+ } else if (data == 'fruit-orange') {
+ li.textContent = 'Oranges';
+ } else if (data == 'fruit-pear') {
+ li.textContent = 'Pears';
+ } else {
+ li.textContent = 'Unknown Fruit';
+ }
+ event.target.appendChild(li);
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <hr><p>To remove the original element (the one that was dragged) from the display, the <code title=event-dnd-dragend><a href=#event-dnd-dragend>dragend</a></code> event can be used.</p>
+
+ <p>For our example here, that means updating the original markup to handle that event:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;What fruits do you like?&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;ol ondragstart="dragStartHandler(event)" ondragend="dragEndHandler(event)"&gt;
+ <em>...as before...</em>
+&lt;/ol&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ function dragStartHandler(event) {
+ // <em>...as before...</em>
+ }
+ function dragEndHandler(event) {
+ if (event.dataTransfer.dropEffect == 'move') {
+ // remove the dragged element
+ event.target.parentNode.removeChild(event.target);
+ }
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-drag-data-store><span class=secno>6.7.2 </span>The drag data store</h4>
+
+ <p>The data that underlies a drag-and-drop operation, known as the <dfn id=drag-data-store>drag data store</dfn>,
+ consists of the following information:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>A <dfn id=drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</dfn>, which is a list of items representing the dragged
+ data, each consisting of the following information:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=the-drag-data-item-kind>The drag data item kind</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The kind of data:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><i>Plain Unicode string</i></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Text.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+<!-- DND-v3:
+ <dt><i title="">Blob</i></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Binary data.</p>
+ </dd>
+-->
+
+ <dt><i title="">File</i></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Binary data with a file name.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+<!-- DND-v4:
+ <dt><i>Structured object</i></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>An object that will be cloned using the <span>structured clone</span> algorithm.</p>
+ </dd>
+-->
+
+ </dl></dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=the-drag-data-item-type-string>The drag data item type string</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A Unicode string giving the type or format of the data, generally given by a <a href=#mime-type>MIME
+ type</a>. Some values that are not <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> are
+ special-cased for legacy reasons. The API does not enforce the use of <a href=#mime-type title="MIME
+ type">MIME types</a>; other values can be used as well. In all cases, however, the values
+ are all <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a> by the API.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Strings that contain <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>
+ cannot be used with the <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute, so authors are
+ encouraged to use only <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> or custom strings (without
+ spaces).</p>
+
+ <p>There is a limit of one <i>Plain Unicode string</i> item per <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="The drag data
+ item type string">item type string</a>.</p> <!-- DND-v4: consider limiting the structured
+ objects too -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The actual data</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A Unicode or binary string, in some cases with a file name (itself a Unicode string),
+ <!-- (DND-v4:) or an object, --> as per <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>the drag data item kind</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> is ordered in the order that the items were added
+ to the list; most recently added last.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The following information, used to generate the UI feedback during the drag:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>User-agent-defined default feedback information, known as the <dfn id=drag-data-store-default-feedback>drag data store default
+ feedback</dfn>.</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally, a bitmap image and the coordinate of a point within that image, known as the
+ <dfn id=drag-data-store-bitmap>drag data store bitmap</dfn> and <dfn id=drag-data-store-hot-spot-coordinate>drag data store hot spot coordinate</dfn>.</li>
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=drag-data-store-mode>drag data store mode</dfn>, which is one of the following:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=concept-dnd-rw title=concept-dnd-rw>Read/write mode</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>For the <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code> event. New data can be added to the
+ <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=concept-dnd-ro title=concept-dnd-ro>Read-only mode</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>For the <code title=event-dnd-drop><a href=#event-dnd-drop>drop</a></code> event. The list of items representing dragged
+ data can be read, including the data. No new data can be added.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=concept-dnd-p title=concept-dnd-p>Protected mode</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>For all other events. The formats and kinds in the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a> list of
+ items representing dragged data can be enumerated, but the data itself is unavailable and no
+ new data can be added.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=drag-data-store-allowed-effects-state>drag data store allowed effects state</dfn>, which is a string.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ul><p>When a <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a> is <dfn id=create-a-drag-data-store title="create a drag data store">created</dfn>, it
+ must be initialised such that its <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> is empty, it has no
+ <a href=#drag-data-store-default-feedback>drag data store default feedback</a>, it has no <a href=#drag-data-store-bitmap>drag data store bitmap</a> and
+ <a href=#drag-data-store-hot-spot-coordinate>drag data store hot spot coordinate</a>, its <a href=#drag-data-store-mode>drag data store mode</a> is <a href=#concept-dnd-p title=concept-dnd-p>protected mode</a>, and its <a href=#drag-data-store-allowed-effects-state>drag data store allowed effects
+ state</a> is the string "<code title="">uninitialized</code>".</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-datatransfer-interface><span class=secno>6.7.3 </span>The <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> interface</h4>
+
+ <p><code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> objects are used to expose the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a> that
+ underlies a drag-and-drop operation.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=datatransfer>DataTransfer</dfn> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-datatransfer-dropeffect title=dom-DataTransfer-dropEffect>dropEffect</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-datatransfer-effectallowed title=dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed>effectAllowed</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a> <a href=#dom-datatransfer-items title=dom-DataTransfer-items>items</a>;
+
+ void <a href=#dom-datatransfer-setdragimage title=dom-DataTransfer-setDragImage>setDragImage</a>(Element image, long x, long y);
+
+ /* old interface */
+ readonly attribute DOMString[] <a href=#dom-datatransfer-types title=dom-DataTransfer-types>types</a>;
+ DOMString <a href=#dom-datatransfer-getdata title=dom-DataTransfer-getData>getData</a>(DOMString format);
+ void <a href=#dom-datatransfer-setdata title=dom-DataTransfer-setData>setData</a>(DOMString format, DOMString data);
+ void <a href=#dom-datatransfer-cleardata title=dom-DataTransfer-clearData>clearData</a>(optional DOMString format);
+ readonly attribute <a href=#filelist>FileList</a> <a href=#dom-datatransfer-files title=dom-DataTransfer-files>files</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">dataTransfer</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransfer-dropEffect><a href=#dom-datatransfer-dropeffect>dropEffect</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the kind of operation that is currently selected. If the kind of operation isn't one
+ of those that is allowed by the <code title=dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed><a href=#dom-datatransfer-effectallowed>effectAllowed</a></code> attribute, then the operation will
+ fail.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the selected operation.</p>
+
+ <p>The possible values are "<code title="">none</code>", "<code title="">copy</code>", "<code title="">link</code>", and "<code title="">move</code>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">dataTransfer</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed><a href=#dom-datatransfer-effectallowed>effectAllowed</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the kinds of operations that are to be allowed.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set (during the <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code> event), to change the
+ allowed operations.</p>
+
+ <p>The possible values are "<code title="">none</code>", "<code title="">copy</code>", "<code title="">copyLink</code>", "<code title="">copyMove</code>", "<code title="">link</code>",
+ "<code title="">linkMove</code>", "<code title="">move</code>", "<code title="">all</code>", and
+ "<code title="">uninitialized</code>",</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">dataTransfer</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransfer-items><a href=#dom-datatransfer-items>items</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object, with the drag data.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">dataTransfer</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransfer-setDragImage><a href=#dom-datatransfer-setdragimage>setDragImage</a></code>(<var title="">element</var>, <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Uses the given element to update the drag feedback, replacing any previously specified
+ feedback.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">dataTransfer</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransfer-types><a href=#dom-datatransfer-types>types</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns an array listing the formats that were set in the <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code> event. In addition, if any files are being dragged,
+ then one of the types will be the string "<code title="">Files</code>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">data</var> = <var title="">dataTransfer</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransfer-getData><a href=#dom-datatransfer-getdata>getData</a></code>(<var title="">format</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the specified data. If there is no such data, returns the empty string.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">dataTransfer</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransfer-setData><a href=#dom-datatransfer-setdata>setData</a></code>(<var title="">format</var>, <var title="">data</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds the specified data.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">dataTransfer</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransfer-clearData><a href=#dom-datatransfer-cleardata>clearData</a></code>( [ <var title="">format</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Removes the data of the specified formats. Removes all data if the argument is omitted.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">dataTransfer</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransfer-files><a href=#dom-datatransfer-files>files</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#filelist>FileList</a></code> of the files being dragged, if any.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p><code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> objects are used during the <a href=#dndevents>drag-and-drop
+ events</a>, and are only valid while those events are being fired.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is associated with a <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a> while it
+ is valid.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransfer-dropeffect title=dom-DataTransfer-dropEffect><code>dropEffect</code></dfn> attribute controls
+ the drag-and-drop feedback that the user is given during a drag-and-drop operation. When the
+ <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is created, the <code title=dom-DataTransfer-dropEffect><a href=#dom-datatransfer-dropeffect>dropEffect</a></code> attribute is set to a string value. On
+ getting, it must return its current value. On setting, if the new value is one of "<code title="">none</code>", "<code title="">copy</code>", "<code title="">link</code>", or "<code title="">move</code>", then the attribute's current value must be set to the new value. Other
+ values must be ignored.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransfer-effectallowed title=dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed><code>effectAllowed</code></dfn> attribute is
+ used in the drag-and-drop processing model to initialise the <code title=dom-DataTransfer-dropEffect><a href=#dom-datatransfer-dropeffect>dropEffect</a></code> attribute during the <code title=event-dnd-dragenter><a href=#event-dnd-dragenter>dragenter</a></code> and <code title=event-dnd-dragover><a href=#event-dnd-dragover>dragover</a></code> events.
+ When the <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is created, the <code title=dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed><a href=#dom-datatransfer-effectallowed>effectAllowed</a></code> attribute is set to a string value. On
+ getting, it must return its current value. On setting, if <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>'s <a href=#drag-data-store-mode title="drag data store mode">mode</a> is the <a href=#concept-dnd-rw title=concept-dnd-rw>read/write
+ mode</a> and the new value is one of "<code title="">none</code>", "<code title="">copy</code>", "<code title="">copyLink</code>", "<code title="">copyMove</code>", "<code title="">link</code>", "<code title="">linkMove</code>", "<code title="">move</code>", "<code title="">all</code>", or "<code title="">uninitialized</code>", then the attribute's current value
+ must be set to the new value. Otherwise it must be left unchanged.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransfer-items title=dom-DataTransfer-items><code>items</code></dfn> attribute must return a
+ <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object associated with the <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object. The
+ same object must be returned each time.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransfer-setdragimage title=dom-DataTransfer-setDragImage><code>setDragImage(<var title="">element</var>,
+ <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var>)</code></dfn> method must run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is no longer associated with a <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data
+ store</a>, abort these steps. Nothing happens.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>'s <a href=#drag-data-store-mode title="drag data store mode">mode</a> is
+ not the <a href=#concept-dnd-rw title=concept-dnd-rw>read/write mode</a>, abort these steps. Nothing
+ happens.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">element</var> argument is an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element, then set the
+ <a href=#drag-data-store-bitmap>drag data store bitmap</a> to the element's image (at its intrinsic size); otherwise,
+ set the <a href=#drag-data-store-bitmap>drag data store bitmap</a> to an image generated from the given element (the
+ exact mechanism for doing so is not currently specified).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#drag-data-store-hot-spot-coordinate>drag data store hot spot coordinate</a> to the given <var title="">x</var>, <var title="">y</var> coordinate.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransfer-types title=dom-DataTransfer-types><code>types</code></dfn> attribute must return a
+ <a href=#live>live</a> <a href=#dfn-read-only-array title=dfn-read-only-array>read only</a> array giving the strings that
+ the following steps would produce. The same object must be returned each time.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Start with an empty list <var title="">L</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is no longer associated with a <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data
+ store</a>, the array is empty. Abort these steps; return the empty list <var title="">L</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each item in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> <!-- in some order...? -->
+ whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the drag data item kind">kind</a> is <i>Plain Unicode string</i>, add an
+ entry to the list <var title="">L</var> consisting of the item's <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the drag data item
+ type string">type string</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there are any items in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the drag data item kind">kind</a> is <i><a href=#file>File</a></i>, then add an entry to the list <var title="">L</var> consisting of the string "<code title="">Files</code>". (This value can be
+ distinguished from the other values because it is not lowercase.)</li>
+
+ <!-- <li><p>Sort the list...?</p></li> -->
+
+ <li><p>The strings produced by these steps are those in the list <var title="">L</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransfer-getdata title=dom-DataTransfer-getData><code>getData(<var title="">format</var>)</code></dfn> method must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is no longer associated with a <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data
+ store</a>, return the empty string and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>'s <a href=#drag-data-store-mode title="drag data store mode">mode</a> is
+ the <a href=#concept-dnd-p title=concept-dnd-p>protected mode</a>, return the empty string and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">format</var> be the first argument, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII
+ lowercase</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">convert-to-URL</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">format</var> equals "<code title="">text</code>", change it to "<code title="">text/plain</code>".</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">format</var> equals "<code title="">url</code>", change it to "<code title="">text/uri-list</code>" and set <var title="">convert-to-URL</var> to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is no item in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the
+ drag data item kind">kind</a> is <i>Plain Unicode string</i> and whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the drag
+ data item type string">type string</a> is equal to <var title="">format</var>, return the
+ empty string and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">result</var> be the data of the item in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item
+ list</a> whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the drag data item kind">kind</a> is <i>Plain Unicode
+ string</i> and whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the drag data item type string">type string</a> is equal to
+ <var title="">format</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">convert-to-URL</var> is true, then parse <var title="">result</var> as
+ appropriate for <code title="">text/uri-list</code> data, and then set <var title="">result</var>
+ to the first URL from the list, if any, or the empty string otherwise. <a href=#refsRFC2483>[RFC2483]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransfer-setdata title=dom-DataTransfer-setData><code>setData(<var title="">format</var>, <var title="">data</var>)</code></dfn> method must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is no longer associated with a <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data
+ store</a>, abort these steps. Nothing happens.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>'s <a href=#drag-data-store-mode title="drag data store mode">mode</a> is
+ not the <a href=#concept-dnd-rw title=concept-dnd-rw>read/write mode</a>, abort these steps. Nothing
+ happens.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">format</var> be the first argument, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII
+ lowercase</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">format</var> equals "<code title="">text</code>", change it to "<code title="">text/plain</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">format</var> equals "<code title="">url</code>", change it to "<code title="">text/uri-list</code>".</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove the item in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the drag
+ data item kind">kind</a> is <i>Plain Unicode string</i> and whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the drag data
+ item type string">type string</a> is equal to <var title="">format</var>, if there is
+ one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add an item to the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the drag data
+ item kind">kind</a> is <i>Plain Unicode string</i>, whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the drag data item type
+ string">type string</a> is equal to <var title="">format</var>, and whose data is the string
+ given by the method's second argument.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransfer-cleardata title=dom-DataTransfer-clearData><code>clearData()</code></dfn> method must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is no longer associated with a <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data
+ store</a>, abort these steps. Nothing happens.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>'s <a href=#drag-data-store-mode title="drag data store mode">mode</a> is
+ not the <a href=#concept-dnd-rw title=concept-dnd-rw>read/write mode</a>, abort these steps. Nothing
+ happens.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the method was called with no arguments, remove each item in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store
+ item list</a> whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the drag data item kind">kind</a> is <i>Plain Unicode
+ string</i>, and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">format</var> be the first argument, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII
+ lowercase</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">format</var> equals "<code title="">text</code>", change it to "<code title="">text/plain</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">format</var> equals "<code title="">url</code>", change it to "<code title="">text/uri-list</code>".</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove the item in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the drag
+ data item kind">kind</a> is <i>Plain Unicode string</i> and whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the drag data
+ item type string">type string</a> is equal to <var title="">format</var>, if there is
+ one.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>The <code title=dom-DataTransfer-clearData><a href=#dom-datatransfer-cleardata>clearData()</a></code> method does not
+ affect whether any files were included in the drag, so the <code title=dom-DataTransfer-types><a href=#dom-datatransfer-types>types</a></code> attribute's list might still not be empty after
+ calling <code title=dom-DataTransfer-clearData><a href=#dom-datatransfer-cleardata>clearData()</a></code> (it would still contain the
+ "<code title="">Files</code>" string if any files were included in the drag).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransfer-files title=dom-DataTransfer-files><code>files</code></dfn> attribute must return a
+ <a href=#live>live</a> <code><a href=#filelist>FileList</a></code> sequence consisting of <code><a href=#file>File</a></code> objects
+ representing the files found by the following steps. The same object must be returned each time.
+ Furthermore, for a given <code><a href=#filelist>FileList</a></code> object and a given underlying file, the same
+ <code><a href=#file>File</a></code> object must be used each time.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Start with an empty list <var title="">L</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is no longer associated with a <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data
+ store</a>, the <code><a href=#filelist>FileList</a></code> is empty. Abort these steps; return the empty list <var title="">L</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>'s <a href=#drag-data-store-mode title="drag data store mode">mode</a> is
+ the <a href=#concept-dnd-p title=concept-dnd-p>protected mode</a>, abort these steps; return the empty list
+ <var title="">L</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each item in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> <!-- in some order...? -->
+ whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the drag data item kind">kind</a> is <i><a href=#file>File</a></i> <!-- DND-v3: (not
+ <i>Blob</i>) -->, add the item's data (the file, in particular its name and contents, as well as
+ its <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the drag data item type string">type</a>) to the list <var title="">L</var>.</li>
+
+ <!-- <li><p>Sort the list...?</p></li> -->
+
+ <li><p>The files found by these steps are those in the list <var title="">L</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This version of the API does not expose the types of the files during the
+ drag.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-datatransferitemlist-interface><span class=secno>6.7.3.1 </span>The <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> interface</h5>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is associated with a <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code>
+ object.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-datatransferitemlist-length title=dom-DataTransferItemList-length>length</a>;
+ <a href=#dom-datatransferitemlist-item title=dom-DataTransferItemList-item>getter</a> <a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a> (unsigned long index);
+ <a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a>? <a href=#dom-datatransferitemlist-add title=dom-DataTransferItemList-add>add</a>(DOMString data, DOMString type);<!--
+DND-v3: <span>DataTransferItem</span>? <span title="dom-DataTransferItemList-add">add</span>(<span>Blob</span> data);-->
+ <a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a>? <a href=#dom-datatransferitemlist-add title=dom-DataTransferItemList-add>add</a>(<a href=#file>File</a> data);<!--
+DND-v4: <span>DataTransferItem</span>? <span title="dom-DataTransferItemList-add">add</span>(any data, DOMString type);--><!--
+DND-v5: <span>DataTransferItem</span>? <span title="dom-DataTransferItemList-add">add</span>(<span>DataTransferPromise</span> data);-->
+ void <a href=#dom-datatransferitemlist-remove title=dom-DataTransferItemList-remove>remove</a>(unsigned long index);
+ void <a href=#dom-datatransferitemlist-clear title=dom-DataTransferItemList-clear>clear</a>();
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">items</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransferItemList-length><a href=#dom-datatransferitemlist-length>length</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Returns the number of items in the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">items</var>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object representing the <var title="">index</var>th
+ entry in the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">items</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransferItemList-remove><a href=#dom-datatransferitemlist-remove>remove</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Removes the <var title="">index</var>th entry in the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">items</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransferItemList-clear><a href=#dom-datatransferitemlist-clear>clear</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Removes all the entries in the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">items</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransferItemList-add><a href=#dom-datatransferitemlist-add>add</a></code>(<var title="">data</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">items</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransferItemList-add><a href=#dom-datatransferitemlist-add>add</a></code>(<var title="">data</var>, <var title="">type</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds a new entry for the given data to the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>. If the data is plain
+ text <!-- DND-v4: or an object --> then a <var title="">type</var> string has to be provided
+ also.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>While the <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object's <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is
+ associated with a <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>, the <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object's
+ <i>mode</i> is the same as the <a href=#drag-data-store-mode>drag data store mode</a>. When the
+ <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object's <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is <em>not</em>
+ associated with a <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>, the <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object's
+ <i>mode</i> is the <i>disabled mode</i>. The <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a> referenced in this
+ section (which is used only when the <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object is not in the
+ <i>disabled mode</i>) is the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a> with which the
+ <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object's <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is associated.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransferitemlist-length title=dom-DataTransferItemList-length><code>length</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return zero if the object is in the <i>disabled mode</i>; otherwise it must return the number of
+ items in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object is not in the <i>disabled mode</i>, its
+ <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> are the numbers in the range
+
+ <span title="">0 .. <var title="">n</var>-1</span>,
+
+ where <var title="">n</var> is the number of items in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item
+ list</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>To <dfn id=dom-datatransferitemlist-item title=dom-DataTransferItemList-item>determine the value of an indexed property</dfn>
+ <var title="">i</var> of a <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object, the user agent must return a
+ <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object representing the <var title="">i</var>th item in the
+ <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>. The same object must be returned each time a particular item is
+ obtained from this <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object. The <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code>
+ object must be associated with the same <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object as the
+ <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object when it is first created.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransferitemlist-add title=dom-DataTransferItemList-add><code>add()</code></dfn> method must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object is not in the <i title=concept-dnd-rw><a href=#concept-dnd-rw>read/write mode</a></i>, return null and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Jump to the appropriate set of steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the first argument to the method is a string</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If there is already an item in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the drag data item kind">kind</a> is <i>Plain Unicode string</i> and whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the drag data item type string">type string</a> is equal to the value of the
+ method's second argument, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a>, then throw a
+ <code><a href=#notsupportederror>NotSupportedError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, add an item to the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the
+ drag data item kind">kind</a> is <i>Plain Unicode string</i>, whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the drag
+ data item type string">type string</a> is equal to the value of the method's second
+ argument, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a>, and whose data is the string given by the
+ method's first argument.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+<!--DND-v3:
+ <dt>If the first argument to the method is a <code>Blob</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Add an item to the <span>drag data store item list</span> whose <span title="the drag data
+ item kind">kind</span> is <i>Blob</i>, whose <span title="the drag data item type string">type
+ string</span> is the <code title="dom-Blob-type">type</code> of the <code>Blob</code>,
+ <span>converted to ASCII lowercase</span>, and whose data is the same as the
+ <code>Blob</code>'s data.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+-->
+
+ <dt>If the first argument to the method is a <code><a href=#file>File</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Add an item to the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the drag data
+ item kind">kind</a> is <i><a href=#file>File</a></i>, whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the drag data item type string">type
+ string</a> is the <code title=dom-Blob-type><a href=#dom-blob-type>type</a></code> of the <code><a href=#file>File</a></code>,
+ <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a>, and whose data is the same as the
+ <code><a href=#file>File</a></code>'s data.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+<!--DND-v4: (might want to prevent duplicates like for strings; see above)
+[make sure that the cloning happens before any side-effects can happen]
+ <dt>Otherwise
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Add an item to the <span>drag data store item list</span> whose <span title="the drag data
+ item kind">kind</span> is <i>Object</i>, whose <span title="the drag data item type
+ string">type string</span> is equal to the value of the method's second argument,
+ <span>converted to ASCII lowercase</span>, and whose data is a <span>structured clone</span>
+ of the method's first argument. If creating the clone throws an exception, then throw that
+ exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+-->
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#dom-datatransferitemlist-item title=dom-DataTransferItemList-item>Determine the value of the indexed
+ property</a> corresponding to the newly added item, and return that value (a newly created
+ <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object).</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransferitemlist-remove title=dom-DataTransferItemList-remove><code>remove()</code></dfn> method, when
+ invoked with the argument <var title="">i</var>, must run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object is not in the <i title=concept-dnd-rw><a href=#concept-dnd-rw>read/write mode</a></i>, throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove the <var title="">i</var>th item from the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransferitemlist-clear title=dom-DataTransferItemList-clear><code>clear</code></dfn> method, if the
+ <code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code> object is in the <i title=concept-dnd-rw><a href=#concept-dnd-rw>read/write mode</a></i>,
+ must remove all the items from the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>. Otherwise, it must do
+ nothing.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-datatransferitem-interface><span class=secno>6.7.3.2 </span>The <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> interface</h5>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object is associated with a <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code>
+ object.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-datatransferitem-kind title=dom-DataTransferItem-kind>kind</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-datatransferitem-type title=dom-DataTransferItem-type>type</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-datatransferitem-getasstring title=dom-DataTransferItem-getAsString>getAsString</a>(<a href=#functionstringcallback>FunctionStringCallback</a>? _callback);<!--
+DND-v3: <span>Blob</span> <span title="dom-DataTransferItem-getAsBlob">getAsBlob</span>();-->
+ <a href=#file>File</a>? <a href=#dom-datatransferitem-getasfile title=dom-DataTransferItem-getAsFile>getAsFile</a>();<!--
+DND-v4: void <span title="dom-DataTransferItem-getAsObject">getAsObject</span>(<span>FunctionObjectCallback</span> _callback);-->
+};
+
+callback <dfn id=functionstringcallback>FunctionStringCallback</dfn> = void (DOMString data);<!--
+
+// DND-v4:
+callback <dfn>FunctionObjectCallback</dfn> = void (any data);--></pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">item</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransferItem-kind><a href=#dom-datatransferitem-kind>kind</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>the drag data item kind</a>, one of: "string",
+ <!-- DND-v3: "blob", --> "file"<!-- DND-v4: , "object" -->.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">item</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransferItem-type><a href=#dom-datatransferitem-type>type</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string>the drag data item type string</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">item</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransferItem-getAsString><a href=#dom-datatransferitem-getasstring>getAsString</a></code>(<var title="">callback</var>)</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Invokes the callback with the string data as the argument, if <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>the drag data item
+ kind</a> is <i>Plain Unicode string</i>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+<!-- DND-v3:
+ <dt><var title="">file</var> = <var title="">item</var> . <code title="dom-DataTransferItem-getAsBlob">getAsBlob</code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code>Blob</code> object, if <span>the drag data item kind</span> is <i>Blob</i> or <i>File</i>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+-->
+
+ <dt><var title="">file</var> = <var title="">item</var> . <code title=dom-DataTransferItem-getAsFile><a href=#dom-datatransferitem-getasfile>getAsFile</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#file>File</a></code> object, if <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>the drag data item kind</a> is <i><a href=#file>File</a></i>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+<!-- DND-v4:
+ <dt><var title="">file</var> = <var title="">item</var> . <code title="dom-DataTransferItem-getAsObject">getAsObject</code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Invokes the callback with the cloned object data as the argument, if <span>the drag data item
+ kind</span> is <i>Plain Unicode string</i> or <i>Object</i>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+-->
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>While the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object's <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is associated
+ with a <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a> and that <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>'s <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store
+ item list</a> still contains the item that the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object represents,
+ the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object's <i>mode</i> is the same as the <a href=#drag-data-store-mode>drag data store
+ mode</a>. When the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object's <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object is
+ <em>not</em> associated with a <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>, or if the item that the
+ <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object represents has been removed from the relevant <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data
+ store item list</a>, the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object's <i>mode</i> is the <i>disabled
+ mode</i>. The <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a> referenced in this section (which is used only when the
+ <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object is not in the <i>disabled mode</i>) is the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data
+ store</a> with which the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object's <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code>
+ object is associated.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransferitem-kind title=dom-DataTransferItem-kind><code>kind</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ empty string if the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object is in the <i>disabled mode</i>; otherwise
+ it must return the string given in the cell from the second column of the following table from the
+ row whose cell in the first column contains <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>the drag data item kind</a> of the item
+ represented by the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Kind <th> String
+ <tbody><tr><td> <i>Plain Unicode string</i> <td> "<code title="">string</code>"
+<!-- DND-v3: <tr> <td> <i>Blob</i> <td> "<code title="">blob</code>"-->
+ <tr><td> <i><a href=#file>File</a></i> <td> "<code title="">file</code>"
+<!-- DND-v4: <tr> <td> <i>Object</i> <td> "<code title="">object</code>"-->
+ </table><p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransferitem-type title=dom-DataTransferItem-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ empty string if the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object is in the <i>disabled mode</i>; otherwise
+ it must return <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string>the drag data item type string</a> of the item represented by the
+ <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransferitem-getasstring title=dom-DataTransferItem-getAsString><code>getAsString(<var title="">callback</var>)</code></dfn> method must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <var title="">callback</var> is null, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object is not in the <i title=concept-dnd-rw><a href=#concept-dnd-rw>read/write mode</a></i> or the <i title=concept-dnd-ro><a href=#concept-dnd-ro>read-only mode</a></i>,
+ abort these steps. The callback is never invoked.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>the drag data item kind</a> is not <i>Plain Unicode string</i>, abort these
+ steps. The callback is never invoked.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to invoke <var title="">callback</var>, passing the
+ actual data of the item represented by the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object as the
+ argument.</li>
+
+ </ol><!--DND-v3:
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-DataTransferItem-getAsBlob"><code>getAsBlob()</code></dfn> method must run
+ the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code>DataTransferItem</code> object is not in the <i
+ title="concept-dnd-rw">read/write mode</i> or the <i title="concept-dnd-ro">read-only mode</i>,
+ return null and abort these steps.</p></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+--><!--DND-v4:
+ <p>If <span>the drag data item kind</span> is <i>Object</i>, return null.</p></li>
+--><!--DND-v3:
+
+ <p>If <span>the drag data item kind</span> is <i>File</i>, then return a new <code>File</code>
+ object representing the actual data of the item represented by the <code>DataTransferItem</code>
+ object.</p>
+
+ <p>If <span>the drag data item kind</span> is <i>Unicode Data string</i>, then return a new
+ <code>Blob</code> object representing the actual data of the item represented by the
+ <code>DataTransferItem</code> object, with the <code title="dom-Blob-type">type</code> of the
+ <code>Blob</code> being <span>the drag data item type string</span> and with the binary data of
+ the <code>Blob</code> object being the Unicode string encoded as UTF-8. <a
+ href="#refsENCODING">[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <span>the drag data item kind</span> is <i>Blob</i>; return a new
+ <code>Blob</code> object representing the actual data of the item represented by the
+ <code>DataTransferItem</code> object.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol>
+--><p>The <dfn id=dom-datatransferitem-getasfile title=dom-DataTransferItem-getAsFile><code>getAsFile()</code></dfn>
+ method must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object is not in the <i title=concept-dnd-rw><a href=#concept-dnd-rw>read/write mode</a></i> or the <i title=concept-dnd-ro><a href=#concept-dnd-ro>read-only mode</a></i>,
+ return null and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>the drag data item kind</a> is not <i><a href=#file>File</a></i>, then return null and abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return a new <code><a href=#file>File</a></code> object representing the actual data of the item represented
+ by the <code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </ol><!--DND-v4:
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-DataTransferItem-getAsObject"><code>getAsObject(<var
+ title="">callback</var>)</code></dfn> method must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code>DataTransferItem</code> object is not in the <i
+ title="concept-dnd-rw">read/write mode</i> or the <i title="concept-dnd-ro">read-only mode</i>,
+ return null and abort these steps.</p></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">data</var> be the actual data of the item represented by the
+ <code>DataTransferItem</code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>If <span>the drag data item kind</span> is <i>Unicode Data string</i>, then <var
+ title="">data</var> is a <code title="">DOMString</code> containing the actual data.</p>
+
+ <p>If <span>the drag data item kind</span> is <i>Blob</i>, then <var title="">data</var> is a
+ <code>Blob</code> representing the actual data.</p>
+
+ <p>If <span>the drag data item kind</span> is <i>File</i>, then <var title="">data</var> is a
+ <code>File</code> representing the actual data.</p>
+
+ <p>If <span>the drag data item kind</span> is <i>Object</i>, then <var title="">data</var> is
+ the object that is the actual data.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><span>Queue a task</span> to invoke <var title="">callback</var>, passing a <span>structured
+ clone</span> of <var title="">data</var> as the argument.</p></li>
+
+ </ol>
+--></div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-dragevent-interface><span class=secno>6.7.4 </span>The <code><a href=#dragevent>DragEvent</a></code> interface</h4>
+
+ <p>The drag-and-drop processing model involves several events. They all use the
+ <code><a href=#dragevent>DragEvent</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Constructor(DOMString type, optional <a href=#drageventinit>DragEventInit</a> eventInitDict)]
+interface <dfn id=dragevent>DragEvent</dfn> : <a href=#mouseevent>MouseEvent</a> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a>? <a href=#dom-dragevent-datatransfer title=dom-DragEvent-dataTransfer>dataTransfer</a>;
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=drageventinit>DragEventInit</dfn> : <a href=#mouseeventinit>MouseEventInit</a> {
+ <a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a>? dataTransfer;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-DragEvent-dataTransfer><a href=#dom-dragevent-datatransfer>dataTransfer</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object for the event.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>Although, for consistency with other event interfaces, the <code><a href=#dragevent>DragEvent</a></code>
+ interface has a constructor, it is not particularly useful. In particular, there's no way to
+ create a useful <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object from script, as <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> objects
+ have a processing and security model that is coordinated by the browser during drag-and-drops.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-dragevent-datatransfer title=dom-DragEvent-dataTransfer><code>dataTransfer</code></dfn> attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#dragevent>DragEvent</a></code> interface must return the value it was initialised to. When the object is
+ created, this attribute must be initialised to null. It represents the context information for the
+ event.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is required to <dfn id=fire-a-dnd-event>fire a DND event</dfn> named <var title="">e</var> at an
+ element, using a particular <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>, and optionally with a specific <var title="">related target</var>, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If no specific <var title="">related target</var> was provided, set <var title="">related target</var> to null.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">e</var> is <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code>, set the
+ <a href=#drag-data-store-mode>drag data store mode</a> to the <a href=#concept-dnd-rw title=concept-dnd-rw>read/write
+ mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">e</var> is <code title=event-dnd-drop><a href=#event-dnd-drop>drop</a></code>, set the <a href=#drag-data-store-mode>drag
+ data store mode</a> to the <a href=#concept-dnd-ro title=concept-dnd-ro>read-only mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">dataTransfer</var> be a newly created <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object
+ associated with the given <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p id=effectAllowed-initialization>Set the <code title=dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed><a href=#dom-datatransfer-effectallowed>effectAllowed</a></code> attribute to the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data
+ store</a>'s <a href=#drag-data-store-allowed-effects-state>drag data store allowed effects state</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p id=dropEffect-initialization>Set the <code title=dom-DataTransfer-dropEffect><a href=#dom-datatransfer-dropeffect>dropEffect</a></code> attribute to "<code title="">none</code>" if <var title="">e</var> is <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code>, <code title=event-dnd-drag><a href=#event-dnd-drag>drag</a></code>, <code title=event-dnd-dragexit><a href=#event-dnd-dragexit>dragexit</a></code>, or <code title=event-dnd-dragleave><a href=#event-dnd-dragleave>dragleave</a></code>; to the value corresponding to the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current
+ drag operation</a> if <var title="">e</var> is <code title=event-dnd-drop><a href=#event-dnd-drop>drop</a></code> or
+ <code title=event-dnd-dragend><a href=#event-dnd-dragend>dragend</a></code>; and to a value based on the <code title=dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed><a href=#dom-datatransfer-effectallowed>effectAllowed</a></code> attribute's value and the
+ drag-and-drop source, as given by the following table, otherwise (i.e. if <var title="">e</var>
+ is <code title=event-dnd-dragenter><a href=#event-dnd-dragenter>dragenter</a></code> or <code title=event-dnd-dragover><a href=#event-dnd-dragover>dragover</a></code>):</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><code title=dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed><a href=#dom-datatransfer-effectallowed>effectAllowed</a></code></th>
+ <th><code title=dom-DataTransfer-dropEffect><a href=#dom-datatransfer-dropeffect>dropEffect</a></code></th>
+ </thead><tr><td>"<code title="">none</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">none</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">copy</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">copy</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">copyLink</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">copy</code>", or, <a href=#concept-platform-dropeffect-override title=concept-platform-dropEffect-override>if appropriate</a>, "<code title="">link</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">copyMove</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">copy</code>", or, <a href=#concept-platform-dropeffect-override title=concept-platform-dropEffect-override>if appropriate</a>, "<code title="">move</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">all</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">copy</code>", or, <a href=#concept-platform-dropeffect-override title=concept-platform-dropEffect-override>if appropriate</a>, either "<code title="">link</code>" or "<code title="">move</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">link</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">link</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">linkMove</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">link</code>", or, <a href=#concept-platform-dropeffect-override title=concept-platform-dropEffect-override>if appropriate</a>, "<code title="">move</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">move</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">move</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">uninitialized</code>" when what is being dragged is a selection from a text field</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">move</code>", or, <a href=#concept-platform-dropeffect-override title=concept-platform-dropEffect-override>if appropriate</a>, either "<code title="">copy</code>" or "<code title="">link</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">uninitialized</code>" when what is being dragged is a selection</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">copy</code>", or, <a href=#concept-platform-dropeffect-override title=concept-platform-dropEffect-override>if appropriate</a>, either "<code title="">link</code>" or "<code title="">move</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">uninitialized</code>" when what is being dragged is an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element with an <code>href</code> attribute</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">link</code>", or, <a href=#concept-platform-dropeffect-override title=concept-platform-dropEffect-override>if appropriate</a>, either "<code title="">copy</code>" or "<code title="">move</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>Any other case</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">copy</code>", or, <a href=#concept-platform-dropeffect-override title=concept-platform-dropEffect-override>if appropriate</a>, either "<code title="">link</code>" or "<code title="">move</code>"</td>
+ </table><p>Where the table above provides <dfn id=concept-platform-dropeffect-override title=concept-platform-dropEffect-override>possibly
+ appropriate alternatives</dfn>, user agents may instead use the listed alternative values if
+ platform conventions dictate that the user has requested those alternate effects.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, Windows platform conventions are such that dragging while
+ holding the "alt" key indicates a preference for linking the data, rather than moving or copying
+ it. Therefore, on a Windows system, if "<code title="">link</code>" is an option according to
+ the table above while the "alt" key is depressed, the user agent could select that instead of
+ "<code title="">copy</code>" or "<code title="">move</code>".</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Create a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> <code><a href=#dragevent>DragEvent</a></code> object
+ and initialise it to have the given name <var title="">e</var>, to bubble, to be cancelable
+ unless <var title="">e</var> is <code title=event-dnd-dragexit><a href=#event-dnd-dragexit>dragexit</a></code>, <code title=event-dnd-dragleave><a href=#event-dnd-dragleave>dragleave</a></code>, or <code title=event-dnd-dragend><a href=#event-dnd-dragend>dragend</a></code>, and to have the <code title=dom-UIEvent-detail><a href=#dom-uievent-detail>detail</a></code> attribute initialised to zero, the mouse and key
+ attributes initialised according to the state of the input devices as they would be for user
+ interaction events, the <code title=dom-MouseEvent-relatedTarget>relatedTarget</code>
+ attribute initialised to <var title="">related target</var>, and the <code title=dom-DragEvent-dataTransfer><a href=#dom-dragevent-datatransfer>dataTransfer</a></code> attribute initialised to <var title="">dataTransfer</var>, the <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object created above.</p>
+
+ <!-- interaction event spec point -->
+
+ <p>If there is no relevant pointing device, the object must have its <code title="">screenX</code>, <code title="">screenY</code>, <code title="">clientX</code>, <code title="">clientY</code>, and <code title="">button</code> attributes set to 0.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>Dispatch</a> the newly created
+ <code><a href=#dragevent>DragEvent</a></code> object at the specified target element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#drag-data-store-allowed-effects-state>drag data store allowed effects state</a> to the current value of <var title="">dataTransfer</var>'s <code title=dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed><a href=#dom-datatransfer-effectallowed>effectAllowed</a></code>
+ attribute. (It can only have changed value if <var title="">e</var> is <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code>.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#drag-data-store-mode>drag data store mode</a> back to the <a href=#concept-dnd-p title=concept-dnd-p>protected mode</a> if it was changed in the first step.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Break the association between <var title="">dataTransfer</var> and the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data
+ store</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=drag-and-drop-processing-model><span class=secno>6.7.5 </span>Drag-and-drop processing model</h4>
+
+ <p>When the user attempts to begin a drag operation, the user agent must run the following steps.
+ User agents must act as if these steps were run even if the drag actually started in another
+ document or application and the user agent was not aware that the drag was occurring until it
+ intersected with a document under the user agent's purview.</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Determine what is being dragged, as follows:</p>
+
+ <p>If the drag operation was invoked on a selection, then it is the selection that is being
+ dragged.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the drag operation was invoked on a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, it is the first
+ element, going up the ancestor chain, starting at the node that the user tried to drag, that has
+ the IDL attribute <code title=dom-draggable><a href=#dom-draggable>draggable</a></code> set to true. If there is no such
+ element, then nothing is being dragged; abort these steps, the drag-and-drop operation is never
+ started.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the drag operation was invoked outside the user agent's purview. What is being
+ dragged is defined by the document or application where the drag was started.</p>
+
+ <p class=note><code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements and <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements with an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute have their <code title=dom-draggable><a href=#dom-draggable>draggable</a></code> attribute set to true by default.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-a-drag-data-store>Create a drag data store</a>. All the DND events fired subsequently by the steps
+ in this section must use this <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Establish which DOM node is the <dfn id=source-node>source node</dfn>, as follows:</p>
+
+ <p>If it is a selection that is being dragged, then the <a href=#source-node>source node</a> is the
+ <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node that the user started the drag on (typically the <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node
+ that the user originally clicked). If the user did not specify a particular node, for example if
+ the user just told the user agent to begin a drag of "the selection", then the <a href=#source-node>source
+ node</a> is the first <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node containing a part of the selection.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if it is an element that is being dragged, then the <a href=#source-node>source node</a> is
+ the element that is being dragged.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the <a href=#source-node>source node</a> is part of another document or application. When this
+ specification requires that an event be dispatched at the <a href=#source-node>source node</a> in this case,
+ the user agent must instead follow the platform-specific conventions relevant to that
+ situation.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Multiple events are fired on the <a href=#source-node>source node</a> during the course of
+ the drag-and-drop operation.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Determine the <dfn id=list-of-dragged-nodes>list of dragged nodes</dfn>, as follows:</p>
+
+ <p>If it is a selection that is being dragged, then the <a href=#list-of-dragged-nodes>list of dragged nodes</a>
+ contains, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, every node that is partially or completely included in the
+ selection (including all their ancestors).</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the <a href=#list-of-dragged-nodes>list of dragged nodes</a> contains only the <a href=#source-node>source node</a>,
+ if any.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If it is a selection that is being dragged, then add an item to the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store
+ item list</a>, with its properties set as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string>The drag data item type string</a>
+ <dd>"<code>text/plain</code>"</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>The drag data item kind</a>
+ <dd><i>Plain Unicode string</i></dd>
+
+ <dt>The actual data</dt>
+ <dd>The text of the selection</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Otherwise, if any files are being dragged, then add one item per file to the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data
+ store item list</a>, with their properties set as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string>The drag data item type string</a>
+ <dd>The MIME type of the file, if known, or "<code>application/octet-stream</code>" otherwise.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>The drag data item kind</a>
+ <dd><i><a href=#file>File</a></i></dd>
+
+ <dt>The actual data</dt>
+ <dd>The file's contents and name.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>Dragging files can currently only happen from outside a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>, for example from a file system manager application.</p>
+
+ <p>If the drag initiated outside of the application, the user agent must add items to the
+ <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> as appropriate for the data being dragged, honoring
+ platform conventions where appropriate; however, if the platform conventions do not use <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> to label dragged data, the user agent must make a
+ best-effort attempt to map the types to MIME types, and, in any case, all the <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the
+ drag data item type string">drag data item type strings</a> must be <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII
+ lowercase</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may also add one or more items representing the selection or dragged element(s)
+ in other forms, e.g. as HTML.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <!-- DND-v2: text/html as an export format -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#list-of-dragged-nodes>list of dragged nodes</a> is not empty, then <a href=#extracting-json title="extracting
+ JSON">extract the microdata from those nodes into a JSON form</a>, and add one item to the
+ <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a>, with its properties set as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string>The drag data item type string</a>
+ <dd><code><a href=#application/microdata+json>application/microdata+json</a></code></dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>The drag data item kind</a>
+ <dd><i>Plain Unicode string</i></dd>
+
+ <dt>The actual data</dt>
+ <dd>The resulting JSON string.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">urls</var> be an empty list of <a href=#absolute-url title="absolute URL">absolute
+ URLs</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each <var title="">node</var> in the <a href=#list-of-dragged-nodes>list of dragged nodes</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If the node is an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element with an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>Add to <var title="">urls</var> the result of <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolving</a> the element's <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> content
+ attribute relative to the element.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the node is an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute</dt>
+
+ <dd>Add to <var title="">urls</var> the result of <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolving</a> the element's <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> content attribute
+ relative to the element.</dd>
+
+ <!-- DND-v2: more -->
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">urls</var> is still empty, abort these substeps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">url string</var> be the result of concatenating the strings in <var title="">urls</var>, in the order they were added, separated by a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN U+000A
+ LINE FEED character pair (CRLF).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add one item to the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a>, with its properties set as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string>The drag data item type string</a>
+ <dd><code>text/uri-list</code></dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>The drag data item kind</a>
+ <dd><i>Plain Unicode string</i></dd>
+
+ <dt>The actual data</dt>
+ <dd><var title="">url string</var></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Update the <a href=#drag-data-store-default-feedback>drag data store default feedback</a> as appropriate for the user agent
+ (if the user is dragging the selection, then the selection would likely be the basis for this
+ feedback; if the user is dragging an element, then that element's rendering would be used; if
+ the drag began outside the user agent, then the platform conventions for determining the drag
+ feedback should be used).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#fire-a-dnd-event>Fire a DND event</a> named <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code> at the
+ <a href=#source-node>source node</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the event is canceled, then the drag-and-drop operation should not occur; abort these
+ steps.</p> <!-- only a should because the UA can always allow the user to drag without the page
+ knowing -->
+
+ <p class=note>Since events with no event listeners registered are, almost by definition, never
+ canceled, drag-and-drop is always available to the user if the author does not specifically
+ prevent it.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#initiate-the-drag-and-drop-operation>Initiate the drag-and-drop operation</a> in a manner consistent with platform
+ conventions, and as described below.</p>
+
+ <p id=base-dnd-feedback>The drag-and-drop feedback must be generated from the first of the
+ following sources that is available:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>The <a href=#drag-data-store-bitmap>drag data store bitmap</a>, if any. In this case, the <a href=#drag-data-store-hot-spot-coordinate>drag data store
+ hot spot coordinate</a> should be used as hints for where to put the cursor relative to the
+ resulting image. The values are expressed as distances in CSS pixels from the left side and
+ from the top side of the image respectively. <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a></li>
+
+ <li>The <a href=#drag-data-store-default-feedback>drag data store default feedback</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p>From the moment that the user agent is to <dfn id=initiate-the-drag-and-drop-operation>initiate the drag-and-drop operation</dfn>,
+ until the end of the drag-and-drop operation, device input events (e.g. mouse and keyboard events)
+ must be suppressed.</p>
+
+ <p>During the drag operation, the element directly indicated by the user as the drop target is
+ called the <dfn id=immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</dfn>. (Only elements can be selected by the user; other
+ nodes must not be made available as drop targets.) However, the <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user
+ selection</a> is not necessarily the <dfn id=current-target-element>current target element</dfn>, which is the element
+ currently selected for the drop part of the drag-and-drop operation.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a> changes as the user selects different elements
+ (either by pointing at them with a pointing device, or by selecting them in some other way). The
+ <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> changes when the <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a>
+ changes, based on the results of event listeners in the document, as described below.</p>
+
+ <p>Both the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> and the <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a> can
+ be null, which means no target element is selected. They can also both be elements in other
+ (DOM-based) documents, or other (non-Web) programs altogether. (For example, a user could drag
+ text to a word-processor.) The <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> is initially null.</p>
+
+ <p>In addition, there is also a <dfn id=current-drag-operation>current drag operation</dfn>, which can take on the values
+ "<code title="">none</code>", "<code title="">copy</code>", "<code title="">link</code>", and
+ "<code title="">move</code>". Initially, it has the value "<code title="">none</code>". It is
+ updated by the user agent as described in the steps below.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must, as soon as the drag operation is <a href=#initiate-the-drag-and-drop-operation title="initiate the drag-and-drop
+ operation">initiated</a> and every 350ms (&plusmn;200ms) thereafter for as long as the drag
+ operation is ongoing, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to perform the following steps in sequence:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the user agent is still performing the previous iteration of the sequence (if any) when
+ the next iteration becomes due, abort these steps for this iteration (effectively "skipping
+ missed frames" of the drag-and-drop operation).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#fire-a-dnd-event>Fire a DND event</a> named <code title=event-dnd-drag><a href=#event-dnd-drag>drag</a></code> at the
+ <a href=#source-node>source node</a>. If this event is canceled, the user agent must set the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current
+ drag operation</a> to "<code title="">none</code>" (no drag operation).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=event-dnd-drag><a href=#event-dnd-drag>drag</a></code> event was not canceled and the user has not ended
+ the drag-and-drop operation, check the state of the drag-and-drop operation, as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the user is indicating a different <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a> than during the
+ last iteration (or if this is the first iteration), and if this <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user
+ selection</a> is not the same as the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a>, then <a href=#fire-a-dnd-event>fire a
+ DND event</a> named <code title=event-dnd-dragexit><a href=#event-dnd-dragexit>dragexit</a></code> at the <a href=#current-target-element>current
+ target element</a>, and then update the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the new <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a> is null</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Set the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> to null also.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the new <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a> is in a non-DOM document or
+ application</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Set the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> to the <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user
+ selection</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#fire-a-dnd-event>Fire a DND event</a> named <code title=event-dnd-dragenter><a href=#event-dnd-dragenter>dragenter</a></code> at the
+ <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the event is canceled, then set the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> to the
+ <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, run the appropriate step from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a> is a text field (e.g.
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>, or an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state) or an <a href=#editing-host>editing host</a> or
+ <a href=#editable>editable</a> element, and the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> has an item
+ with <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string>the drag data item type string</a> "<code>text/plain</code>" and <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>the
+ drag data item kind</a> <i>Plain Unicode string</i></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Set the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> to the <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user
+ selection</a> anyway.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a> is an element with a <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute that <a href=#concept-dropzone-match title=concept-dropzone-match>matches</a> the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Set the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> to the <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user
+ selection</a> anyway.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a> is an element that itself has an ancestor
+ element with a <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute that <a href=#concept-dropzone-match title=concept-dropzone-match>matches</a> the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">new target</var> be the nearest (deepest) such ancestor element.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a> is <var title="">new target</var>, then
+ leave the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> unchanged.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#fire-a-dnd-event>fire a DND event</a> named <code title=event-dnd-dragenter><a href=#event-dnd-dragenter>dragenter</a></code> at <var title="">new target</var>, with the
+ current <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> as the specific <var title="">related
+ target</var>. Then, set the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> to <var title="">new
+ target</var>, regardless of whether that event was canceled or not.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a> is <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Leave the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> unchanged.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#fire-a-dnd-event>Fire a DND event</a> named <code title=event-dnd-dragenter><a href=#event-dnd-dragenter>dragenter</a></code>
+ at <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a>, if there is one, or at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object,
+ if not. Then, set the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> to <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body
+ element</a>, regardless of whether that event was canceled or not.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the previous step caused the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> to change, and if the
+ previous target element was not null or a part of a non-DOM document, then <a href=#fire-a-dnd-event>fire a DND
+ event</a> named <code title=event-dnd-dragleave><a href=#event-dnd-dragleave>dragleave</a></code> at the previous target
+ element, with the new <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> as the specific <var title="">related target</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> is a DOM element, then <a href=#fire-a-dnd-event>fire a DND
+ event</a> named <code title=event-dnd-dragover><a href=#event-dnd-dragover>dragover</a></code> at this <a href=#current-target-element>current target
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=event-dnd-dragover><a href=#event-dnd-dragover>dragover</a></code> event is not canceled, run the
+ appropriate step from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> is a text field (e.g. <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>,
+ or an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is
+ in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state) or an <a href=#editing-host>editing host</a>
+ or <a href=#editable>editable</a> element, and the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> has an item
+ with <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string>the drag data item type string</a> "<code>text/plain</code>" and <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>the drag
+ data item kind</a> <i>Plain Unicode string</i></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Set the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> to either "<code title="">copy</code>" or
+ "<code title="">move</code>", as appropriate given the platform conventions.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> is an element with a <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute that <a href=#concept-dropzone-match title=concept-dropzone-match>matches</a> the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a> and <a href=#concept-dropzone-operation title=concept-dropzone-operation>specifies an operation</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Set the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> to the operation <a href=#concept-dropzone-operation title=concept-dropzone-operation>specified</a> by the <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute of the <a href=#current-target-element>current target
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> is an element with a <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute that <a href=#concept-dropzone-match title=concept-dropzone-match>matches</a> the <a href=#drag-data-store>drag data store</a> and does not
+ <a href=#concept-dropzone-operation title=concept-dropzone-operation>specify an operation</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Set the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> to "<code title="">copy</code>".</p>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Reset the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> to "<code title="">none</code>".</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Otherwise (if the <code title=event-dnd-dragover><a href=#event-dnd-dragover>dragover</a></code> event <em>is</em> canceled),
+ set the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> based on the values of the <code title=dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed><a href=#dom-datatransfer-effectallowed>effectAllowed</a></code> and <code title=dom-DataTransfer-dropEffect><a href=#dom-datatransfer-dropeffect>dropEffect</a></code> attributes of the <code><a href=#dragevent>DragEvent</a></code>
+ object's <code title=dom-DragEvent-dataTransfer><a href=#dom-dragevent-datatransfer>dataTransfer</a></code> object as they stood
+ after the event <a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>dispatch</a> finished, as per the
+ following table:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><code title=dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed><a href=#dom-datatransfer-effectallowed>effectAllowed</a></code></th>
+ <th><code title=dom-DataTransfer-dropEffect><a href=#dom-datatransfer-dropeffect>dropEffect</a></code></th>
+ <th>Drag operation</th>
+ </thead><tr><td>"<code title="">uninitialized</code>", "<code title="">copy</code>", "<code title="">copyLink</code>", "<code title="">copyMove</code>", or "<code title="">all</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">copy</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">copy</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">uninitialized</code>", "<code title="">link</code>", "<code title="">copyLink</code>", "<code title="">linkMove</code>", or "<code title="">all</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">link</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">link</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">uninitialized</code>", "<code title="">move</code>", "<code title="">copyMove</code>", "<code title="">linkMove</code>", or "<code title="">all</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">move</code>"</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">move</code>"</td>
+ <tr><td colspan=2>Any other case</td>
+ <td>"<code title="">none</code>"</td>
+ </table></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> is not a DOM element, use
+ platform-specific mechanisms to determine what drag operation is being performed (none, copy,
+ link, or move), and set the <i><a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a></i> accordingly.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Update the drag feedback (e.g. the mouse cursor) to match the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag
+ operation</a>, as follows:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Drag operation</th>
+ <th>Feedback</th>
+ </thead><tr><td>"<code title="">copy</code>"</td>
+ <td>Data will be copied if dropped here.</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">link</code>"</td>
+ <td>Data will be linked if dropped here.</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">move</code>"</td>
+ <td>Data will be moved if dropped here.</td>
+ <tr><td>"<code title="">none</code>"</td>
+ <td>No operation allowed, dropping here will cancel the drag-and-drop operation.</td>
+ </table></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the user ended the drag-and-drop operation (e.g. by releasing the mouse button
+ in a mouse-driven drag-and-drop interface), or if the <code title=event-dnd-drag><a href=#event-dnd-drag>drag</a></code> event
+ was canceled, then this will be the last iteration. Run the following steps, then stop the
+ drag-and-drop operation:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> is "<code title="">none</code>" (no drag
+ operation), or, if the user ended the drag-and-drop operation by canceling it (e.g. by hitting
+ the <kbd>Escape</kbd> key), or if the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> is null, then the
+ drag operation failed. Run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">dropped</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> is a DOM element, <a href=#fire-a-dnd-event>fire a DND
+ event</a> named <code title=event-dnd-dragleave><a href=#event-dnd-dragleave>dragleave</a></code> at it; otherwise, if it is
+ not null, use platform-specific conventions for drag cancellation.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> to "<code title="">none</code>".</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, the drag operation might be a success; run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">dropped</var> be true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> is a DOM element, <a href=#fire-a-dnd-event>fire a DND
+ event</a> named <code title=event-dnd-drop><a href=#event-dnd-drop>drop</a></code> at it; otherwise, use
+ platform-specific conventions for indicating a drop.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the event is canceled, set the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> to the value of the
+ <code title=dom-DataTransfer-dropEffect><a href=#dom-datatransfer-dropeffect>dropEffect</a></code> attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#dragevent>DragEvent</a></code> object's <code title=dom-DragEvent-dataTransfer><a href=#dom-dragevent-datatransfer>dataTransfer</a></code>
+ object as it stood after the event <a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>dispatch</a>
+ finished.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the event is not canceled; perform the event's default action, which depends
+ on the exact target as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> is a text field (e.g. <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>,
+ or an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute
+ is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state) or an <a href=#editing-host>editing
+ host</a> or <a href=#editable>editable</a> element, and the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item
+ list</a> has an item with <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string>the drag data item type string</a>
+ "<code>text/plain</code>" and <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>the drag data item kind</a> <i>Plain Unicode
+ string</i></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Insert the actual data of the first item in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item
+ list</a> to have <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the drag data item type string">a drag data item type
+ string</a> of "<code>text/plain</code>" and <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the drag data item kind">a drag
+ data item kind</a> that is <i>Plain Unicode string</i> into the text field or
+ <a href=#editing-host>editing host</a> or <a href=#editable>editable</a> element in a manner consistent with
+ platform-specific conventions (e.g. inserting it at the current mouse cursor position, or
+ inserting it at the end of the field).</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Reset the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> to "<code title="">none</code>".</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#fire-a-dnd-event>Fire a DND event</a> named <code title=event-dnd-dragend><a href=#event-dnd-dragend>dragend</a></code> at the
+ <a href=#source-node>source node</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the appropriate steps from the following list as the default action of the <code title=event-dnd-dragend><a href=#event-dnd-dragend>dragend</a></code> event:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">dropped</var> is true, the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> is a
+ <i>text field</i> (see below), the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> is "<code title="">move</code>", and the source of the drag-and-drop operation is a selection in the
+ DOM that is entirely contained within an <a href=#editing-host>editing host</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p><a href=#delete-the-selection>Delete the selection</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">dropped</var> is true, the <a href=#current-target-element>current target element</a> is a
+ <i>text field</i> (see below), the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> is "<code title="">move</code>", and the source of the drag-and-drop operation is a selection in a text
+ field</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The user agent should delete the dragged selection from the relevant text
+ field.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">dropped</var> is false or if the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> is
+ "<code title="">none</code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The drag was canceled. If the platform conventions dictate that this be represented to
+ the user (e.g. by animating the dragged selection going back to the source of the
+ drag-and-drop operation), then do so.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The event has no default action.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>For the purposes of this step, a <i>text field</i> is a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element or an
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in one
+ of the
+ <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a>,
+ <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a>,
+ <a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Tel</a>,
+ <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a>,
+ <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a>,
+ <a href="#password-state-(type=password)" title=attr-input-type-password>Password</a>, or
+ <a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a>
+ states.</p>
+
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>User agents are encouraged to consider how to react to drags near the edge of
+ scrollable regions. For example, if a user drags a link to the bottom of the viewport on a long
+ page, it might make sense to scroll the page so that the user can drop the link lower on the
+ page.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This model is independent of which <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object the nodes involved
+ are from; the events are fired as described above and the rest of the processing model runs as
+ described above, irrespective of how many documents are involved in the operation.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=dndevents><span class=secno>6.7.6 </span>Events summary</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The following events are involved in the drag-and-drop
+ model.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Event Name </th>
+ <th> Target </th>
+ <!-- <th> Bubbles? </th> -->
+ <th> Cancelable? </th>
+ <th> <a href=#drag-data-store-mode>Drag data store mode</a> </th>
+ <!-- <th> <code title="dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed">effectAllowed</code> </th> -->
+ <th> <code title=dom-DataTransfer-dropEffect><a href=#dom-datatransfer-dropeffect>dropEffect</a></code> </th>
+ <th> Default Action </th>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=event-dnd-dragstart title=event-dnd-dragstart><code>dragstart</code></dfn></td>
+ <td><a href=#source-node>Source node</a></td>
+ <!-- <td>&#x2713; Bubbles</td> -->
+ <td>&check; Cancelable</td>
+ <td><a href=#concept-dnd-rw title=concept-dnd-rw>Read/write mode</a>
+ <!-- <td>"<code title="">uninitialized</code>"</td> -->
+ <td>"<code title="">none</code>"</td>
+ <td>Initiate the drag-and-drop operation</td>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-dnd-drag title=event-dnd-drag><code>drag</code></dfn></td>
+ <td><a href=#source-node>Source node</a></td>
+ <!-- <td>&#x2713; Bubbles</td> -->
+ <td>&check; Cancelable</td>
+ <td><a href=#concept-dnd-p title=concept-dnd-p>Protected mode</a>
+ <!-- <td>Same as last event</td> -->
+ <td>"<code title="">none</code>"</td>
+ <td>Continue the drag-and-drop operation</td>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-dnd-dragenter title=event-dnd-dragenter><code>dragenter</code></dfn></td>
+ <td><a href=#immediate-user-selection>Immediate user selection</a> or <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a></td>
+ <!-- <td>&#x2713; Bubbles</td> -->
+ <td>&check; Cancelable</td>
+ <td><a href=#concept-dnd-p title=concept-dnd-p>Protected mode</a>
+ <!-- <td>Same as last event</td> -->
+ <td><a href=#dropEffect-initialization>Based on <code>effectAllowed</code> value</a></td>
+ <td>Reject <a href=#immediate-user-selection>immediate user selection</a> as potential <a href=#current-target-element title="current target element">target element</a></td>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-dnd-dragexit title=event-dnd-dragexit><code>dragexit</code></dfn></td>
+ <td><a href=#current-target-element title="current target element">Previous target element</a></td>
+ <!-- <td>&#x2713; Bubbles</td> -->
+ <td>&mdash;</td>
+ <td><a href=#concept-dnd-p title=concept-dnd-p>Protected mode</a>
+ <!-- <td>Same as last event</td> -->
+ <td>"<code title="">none</code>"</td>
+ <td>None</td>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-dnd-dragleave title=event-dnd-dragleave><code>dragleave</code></dfn></td>
+ <td><a href=#current-target-element title="current target element">Previous target element</a></td>
+ <!-- <td>&#x2713; Bubbles</td> -->
+ <td>&mdash;</td>
+ <td><a href=#concept-dnd-p title=concept-dnd-p>Protected mode</a>
+ <!-- <td>Same as last event</td> -->
+ <td>"<code title="">none</code>"</td>
+ <td>None</td>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-dnd-dragover title=event-dnd-dragover><code>dragover</code></dfn></td>
+ <td><a href=#current-target-element>Current target element</a></td>
+ <!-- <td>&#x2713; Bubbles</td> -->
+ <td>&check; Cancelable</td>
+ <td><a href=#concept-dnd-p title=concept-dnd-p>Protected mode</a>
+ <!-- <td>Same as last event</td> -->
+ <td><a href=#dropEffect-initialization>Based on <code>effectAllowed</code> value</a></td>
+ <td>Reset the <a href=#current-drag-operation>current drag operation</a> to "none"</td>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-dnd-drop title=event-dnd-drop><code>drop</code></dfn></td>
+ <td><a href=#current-target-element>Current target element</a></td>
+ <!-- <td>&#x2713; Bubbles</td> -->
+ <td>&check; Cancelable</td>
+ <td><a href=#concept-dnd-ro title=concept-dnd-ro>Read-only mode</a>
+ <!-- <td>Same as last event</td> -->
+ <td><a href=#current-drag-operation>Current drag operation</a></td>
+ <td>Varies</td>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=event-dnd-dragend title=event-dnd-dragend><code>dragend</code></dfn></td>
+ <td><a href=#source-node>Source node</a></td>
+ <!-- <td>&#x2713; Bubbles</td> -->
+ <td>&mdash;</td>
+ <td><a href=#concept-dnd-p title=concept-dnd-p>Protected mode</a>
+ <!-- <td>Same as last event</td> -->
+ <td><a href=#current-drag-operation>Current drag operation</a></td>
+ <td>Varies</td>
+ </table><p>Not shown in the above table: all these events bubble, and the <code title=dom-DataTransfer-effectAllowed><a href=#dom-datatransfer-effectallowed>effectAllowed</a></code> attribute always has the value it had
+ after the <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code> event, defaulting to "<code title="">uninitialized</code>" in the <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code> event.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-draggable-attribute><span class=secno>6.7.7 </span>The <dfn title=attr-draggable><code>draggable</code></dfn> attribute</h4>
+
+ <p>All <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> may have the <code title=attr-draggable><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>draggable</a></code>
+ content attribute set. The <code title=attr-draggable><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>draggable</a></code> attribute is an
+ <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a>. It has three states. The first state is <i>true</i> and it has
+ the keyword <code title="">true</code>. The second state is <i>false</i> and it has the keyword
+ <code title="">false</code>. The third state is <i>auto</i>; it has no keywords but it is the
+ <i>missing value default</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <i>true</i> state means the element is draggable; the <i>false</i> state means that it is
+ not. The <i>auto</i> state uses the default behavior of the user agent.</p>
+
+ <p>An element with a <code title=attr-draggable><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>draggable</a></code> attribute should also have a
+ <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute that names the element for the purpose of
+ non-visual interactions. <!-- "should", not "must", only because this is a relatively new
+ attribute and its design implications are not entirely obvious yet. For example, what happens if
+ you use an element with text as a drag source? Is that sufficiently clear for ATs? Indeed,
+ shouldn't the element generally be distinguishable anyway for it to be useful to drag? See also
+ the dropzone attribute. --></p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">element</var> . <code title=dom-draggable><a href=#dom-draggable>draggable</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the element is draggable; otherwise, returns false.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to override the default and set the <code title=attr-draggable><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>draggable</a></code>
+ content attribute.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-draggable title=dom-draggable><code>draggable</code></dfn> IDL attribute, whose value depends
+ on the content attribute's in the way described below, controls whether or not the element is
+ draggable. Generally, only text selections are draggable, but elements whose <code title=dom-draggable><a href=#dom-draggable>draggable</a></code> IDL attribute is true become draggable as well.</p>
+
+ <p>If an element's <code title=attr-draggable><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>draggable</a></code> content attribute has the state
+ <i>true</i>, the <code title=dom-draggable><a href=#dom-draggable>draggable</a></code> IDL attribute must return true.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the element's <code title=attr-draggable><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>draggable</a></code> content attribute has
+ the state <i>false</i>, the <code title=dom-draggable><a href=#dom-draggable>draggable</a></code> IDL attribute must return
+ false.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the element's <code title=attr-draggable><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>draggable</a></code> content attribute has
+ the state <i>auto</i>. If the element is an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element, an <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ element that <a href=#represents>represents</a> an image, or an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element with an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> content attribute, the <code title=dom-draggable><a href=#dom-draggable>draggable</a></code> IDL attribute must return true; otherwise, the <code title=dom-draggable><a href=#dom-draggable>draggable</a></code> IDL attribute must return false.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=dom-draggable><a href=#dom-draggable>draggable</a></code> IDL attribute is set to the value false,
+ the <code title=attr-draggable><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>draggable</a></code> content attribute must be set to the literal
+ value <code title="">false</code>. If the <code title=dom-draggable><a href=#dom-draggable>draggable</a></code> IDL
+ attribute is set to the value true, the <code title=attr-draggable><a href=#the-draggable-attribute>draggable</a></code> content
+ attribute must be set to the literal value <code title="">true</code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-dropzone-attribute><span class=secno>6.7.8 </span>The <dfn title=attr-dropzone><code>dropzone</code></dfn> attribute</h4>
+
+ <p>All <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> may have the <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> content
+ attribute set. When specified, its value must be an <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>unordered set of unique space-separated
+ tokens</a> that are <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a>. The allowed values are the
+ following:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=attr-dropzone-copy title=attr-dropzone-copy><code>copy</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Indicates that dropping an accepted item on the element will result in a copy of the
+ dragged data.</p>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-dropzone-move title=attr-dropzone-move><code>move</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Indicates that dropping an accepted item on the element will result in the dragged data
+ being moved to the new location.</p>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-dropzone-link title=attr-dropzone-link><code>link</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Indicates that dropping an accepted item on the element will result in a link to the
+ original data.</p>
+
+
+ <dt>Any keyword with eight characters or more, beginning with the an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">string:</code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Indicates that items with <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>the drag data item kind</a> <i>Plain Unicode string</i>
+ and <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string>the drag data item type string</a> set to a value that matches the remainder of the
+ keyword are accepted.</dd>
+
+<!--DND-v3:
+ <dt>Any keyword with six characters or more, beginning with an <span>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</span> match for the string "<code title="">blob:</code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Indicates that items with <span>the drag data item kind</span> <i>Blob</i>, <i>File</i>,
+ or <i>Plain Unicode string</i> and <span>the drag data item type string</span> set to a value
+ that matches the remainder of the keyword are accepted.</p></dd>
+-->
+
+ <dt>Any keyword with six characters or more, beginning with an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">file:</code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Indicates that items with <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind>the drag data item kind</a> <i><a href=#file>File</a></i> and <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string>the
+ drag data item type string</a> set to a value that matches the remainder of the keyword are
+ accepted.</dd>
+
+<!--DND-v4:
+ <dt>Any keyword with eight characters or more, beginning with an <span>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</span> match for the string "<code title="">object:</code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Indicates that items with <span>the drag data item type string</span> set to a value that
+ matches the remainder of the keyword are accepted.</p></dd>
+-->
+
+ </dl><p>The <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> content attribute's values must not have more
+ than one of the three feedback values (<code title=attr-dropzone-copy><a href=#attr-dropzone-copy>copy</a></code>, <code title=attr-dropzone-move><a href=#attr-dropzone-move>move</a></code>, and <code title=attr-dropzone-link><a href=#attr-dropzone-link>link</a></code>)
+ specified. If none are specified, the <code title=attr-dropzone-copy><a href=#attr-dropzone-copy>copy</a></code> value is
+ implied.</p>
+
+ <p>An element with a <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute should also have a
+ <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute that names the element for the purpose of
+ non-visual interactions. <!-- "should", not "must", only because this is a relatively new
+ attribute and its design implications are not entirely obvious yet. For example, what happens if
+ you use an element with text as a drop zone? Is that sufficiently clear for ATs? See also the
+ draggable attribute. --></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute <dfn id=concept-dropzone-match title=concept-dropzone-match>matches a drag data store</dfn> if the <a href=#dropzone-processing-steps><code title=attr-dropzone>dropzone</code> processing steps</a> result in a match.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute <dfn id=concept-dropzone-operation title=concept-dropzone-operation>specifies an operation</dfn> if the <a href=#dropzone-processing-steps><code title=attr-dropzone>dropzone</code> processing steps</a> result in a specified operation. The
+ specified operation is as given by those steps.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dropzone-processing-steps><code title=attr-dropzone>dropzone</code> processing steps</dfn> are as follows.
+ They either result in a match or not, and separate from this result either in a specified
+ operation or not, as defined below.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">value</var> be the value of the <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">keywords</var> be the result of <a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on
+ spaces">splitting <var title="">value</var> on spaces</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">matched</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">operation</var> be unspecified.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each value in <var title="">keywords</var>, if any, in the order that they were found in
+ <var title="">value</var>, run the following steps.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">keyword</var> be the keyword.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">keyword</var> is one of "<code title=attr-dropzone-copy><a href=#attr-dropzone-copy>copy</a></code>",
+ "<code title=attr-dropzone-move><a href=#attr-dropzone-move>move</a></code>", or "<code title=attr-dropzone-link><a href=#attr-dropzone-link>link</a></code>", then: run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">operation</var> is still unspecified, then let <var title="">operation</var> be the string given by <var title="">keyword</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Skip to the step labeled <i>end of keyword</i> below.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">keyword</var> does not contain a U+003A COLON character (:), or if the
+ first such character in <var title="">keyword</var> is either the first character or the last
+ character in the string, then skip to the step labeled <i>end of keyword</i> below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">kind code</var> be the substring of <var title="">keyword</var> from
+ the first character in the string to the last character in the string that is before the first
+ U+003A COLON character (:) in the string, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a>.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Jump to the appropriate step from the list below, based on the value of <var title="">kind
+ code</var>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">kind code</var> is the string "<code title="">string</code>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">kind<!--DND-v3:/DND-v4: s--></var> be <i>Plain Unicode string</i>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+<!--DND-v3:
+ <dt>If <var title="">kind code</var> is the string "<code title="">blob</code>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">kinds</var> be <i>Plain Unicode string</i>, <i>Blob</i>, and
+ <i>File</i>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+-->
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">kind code</var> is the string "<code title="">file</code>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">kind<!--DND-v3:/DND-v4: s--></var> be <i><a href=#file>File</a></i>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+<!--DND-v4:
+ <dt>If <var title="">kind code</var> is the string "<code title="">object</code>"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">kinds</var> be <i>Plain Unicode string</i>, <i>Blob</i>, <i>File</i>,
+ and <i>Object</i>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+-->
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Skip to the step labeled <i>end of keyword</i> below.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">type</var> be the substring of <var title="">keyword</var> from the
+ first character after the first U+003A COLON character (:) in the string, to the last character
+ in the string, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there exist any items in the <a href=#drag-data-store-item-list>drag data store item list</a> whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-kind title="the drag data item kind">drag data item kind</a> is <!--DND-v3:/DND-v4: one of--> the
+ kind<!--DND-v3:/DND-v4: s--> given in <var title="">kind<!--DND-v3:/DND-v4: s--></var> and
+ whose <a href=#the-drag-data-item-type-string title="the drag data item type string">drag data item type string</a> is <var title="">type</var>, then let <var title="">matched</var> be true.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>End of keyword</i>: Go on to the next keyword, if any, or the next step in the
+ overall algorithm, if there are no more.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The algorithm results in a match if <var title="">matched</var> is true, and does not
+ otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The algorithm results in a specified operation if <var title="">operation</var> is not
+ unspecified. The specified operation, if one is specified, is the one given by <var title="">operation</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-dropzone title=dom-dropzone><code>dropzone</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, a <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element is made into a drop target for image files using
+ the <code title=attr-dropzone><a href=#the-dropzone-attribute>dropzone</a></code> attribute. Images dropped into the target are
+ then displayed.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div dropzone="copy file:image/png file:image/gif file:image/jpeg" ondrop="receive(event, this)"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Drop an image here to have it displayed.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ function receive(event, element) {
+ var data = event.dataTransfer.items;
+ for (var i = 0; i &lt; data.length; i += 1) {
+ if ((data[i].kind == 'file') &amp;&amp; (data[i].type.match('^image/'))) {
+ var img = new Image();
+ img.src = window.createObjectURL(data[i].getAsFile());
+ element.appendChild(img);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--
+ <h4>Copy and paste</h4>
+
+ <p>Copy-and-paste is a form of drag-and-drop: the "copy" part is equivalent to dragging content to
+ another application (the "clipboard"), and the "paste" part is equivalent to dragging content
+ <em>from</em> another application.</p>
+
+ <p>Select-and-paste (a model used by mouse operations in the X Window System) is equivalent to a
+ drag-and-drop operation where the source is the selection.</p>
+
+
+ <div class="impl">
+
+ <h5>Copy to clipboard</h5>
+
+ <p>When the user invokes a copy operation, the user agent must act as if the user had invoked a
+ drag on the current selection. If the drag-and-drop operation initiates, then the user agent must
+ act as if the user had indicated (as the <span>immediate user selection</span>) a hypothetical
+ application representing the clipboard. Then, the user agent must act as if the user had ended the
+ drag-and-drop operation without canceling it. If the drag-and-drop operation didn't get canceled,
+ the user agent should then follow the relevant platform-specific conventions for copy operations
+ (e.g. updating the clipboard).</p>
+
+ <p>The events involved in this process are the <code title="event-dnd-dragstart">dragstart</code>,
+ <code title="event-dnd-drag">drag</code>, and <code title="event-dnd-dragend">dragend</code> events.</p>
+
+
+ <h5>Cut to clipboard</h5>
+
+ <p>When the user invokes a cut operation, the user agent must act as if the user had invoked a
+ copy operation (see the previous section), followed, if the copy was completed successfully, by <a
+ href="#contenteditable-delete">a selection delete operation</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The events involved in this process are the <code title="event-dnd-dragstart">dragstart</code>,
+ <code title="event-dnd-drag">drag</code>, and <code title="event-dnd-dragend">dragend</code> events.</p>
+
+
+ <h5>Paste from clipboard</h5>
+
+ <p>When the user invokes a clipboard paste operation, the user agent must act as if the user had
+ invoked a drag on a hypothetical application representing the clipboard, setting the data
+ associated with the drag as the content on the clipboard (in whatever formats are available).</p>
+
+ <p>Then, the user agent must act as if the user had indicated (as the <span>immediate user
+ selection</span>) the element with the keyboard focus, and then ended the drag-and-drop operation
+ without canceling it.</p>
+
+ <p>The events involved in this process are the <code title="event-dnd-dragenter">dragenter</code>,
+ <code title="event-dnd-dragover">dragover</code>, <code title="event-dnd-dragexit">dragexit</code>, <code
+ title="event-dnd-dragleave">dragleave</code>, and <code title="event-dnd-drop">drop</code> events.</p>
+
+
+ <h5>Paste from selection</h5>
+
+ <p>When the user invokes a selection paste operation, the user agent must act as if the user had
+ invoked a drag on the current selection, then indicated (as the <span>immediate user
+ selection</span>) the element with the keyboard focus, and then ended the drag-and-drop operation
+ without canceling it.</p>
+
+ <p>All the drag-and-drop events can be involved in this process.</p>
+
+ </div>
+-->
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=security-risks-in-the-drag-and-drop-model><span class=secno>6.7.9 </span>Security risks in the drag-and-drop model</h4>
+
+ <p>User agents must not make the data added to the <code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code> object during the
+ <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code> event available to scripts until the <code title=event-dnd-drop><a href=#event-dnd-drop>drop</a></code> event, because otherwise, if a user were to drag sensitive
+ information from one document to a second document, crossing a hostile third document in the
+ process, the hostile document could intercept the data.</p>
+
+ <p>For the same reason, user agents must consider a drop to be successful only if the user
+ specifically ended the drag operation &mdash; if any scripts end the drag operation, it must be
+ considered unsuccessful (canceled) and the <code title=event-dnd-drop><a href=#event-dnd-drop>drop</a></code> event must not be
+ fired.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should take care to not start drag-and-drop operations in response to script
+ actions. For example, in a mouse-and-window environment, if a script moves a window while the user
+ has his mouse button depressed, the UA would not consider that to start a drag. This is important
+ because otherwise UAs could cause data to be dragged from sensitive sources and dropped into
+ hostile documents without the user's consent.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should filter potentially active (scripted) content (e.g. HTML) when it is dragged
+ and when it is dropped, using a whitelist of known-safe features. Similarly, <a href=#relative-url title="relative
+ URL">relative URLs</a> should be turned into absolute URLs to avoid references changing in
+ unexpected ways. This specification does not specify how this is performed.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider a hostile page providing some content and getting the user to select and drag and
+ drop (or indeed, copy and paste) that content to a victim page's <code title=attr-contenteditable><a href=#attr-contenteditable>contenteditable</a></code> region. If the browser does not ensure that
+ only safe content is dragged, potentially unsafe content such as scripts and event handlers in
+ the selection, once dropped (or pasted) into the victim site, get the privileges of the victim
+ site. This would thus enable a cross-site scripting attack.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+
+ <h2 id=browsers><span class=secno>7 </span>Loading Web pages</h2>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>This section describes features that apply most directly to Web browsers. Having said that,
+ except where specified otherwise, the requirements defined in this section <em>do</em> apply to
+ all user agents, whether they are Web browsers or not.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=windows><span class=secno>7.1 </span>Browsing contexts</h3>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=browsing-context>browsing context</dfn> is an environment in which <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects are
+ presented to the user.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A tab or window in a Web browser typically contains a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>, as does an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code><span class=impl> or <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code>s in a
+ <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code></span>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has a corresponding <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has a <a href=#session-history>session history</a>, which lists the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects that that <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has presented, is
+ presenting, or will present. At any time, one <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in each <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> is designated the <dfn id=active-document>active document</dfn>. A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is that <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> whose <a href=#session-history>session
+ history</a> contains the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, if any. (A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> created using
+ an API such as <code title=dom-DOMImplementation-createDocument><a href=#dom-domimplementation-createdocument>createDocument()</a></code> has no
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.)</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is <dfn id=concept-document-window title=concept-document-window>associated</dfn> with a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object. A
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object forwards everything to the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In general, there is a 1-to-1 mapping from the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object to the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object. There are two exceptions. First, a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> can be reused
+ for the presentation of a second <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in the same <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>,
+ such that the mapping is then 1-to-2. This occurs when a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigated</a> from the initial <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ to another, with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>. Second, a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> can end up
+ being reused for several <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects when the <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code> method is used, such that the mapping is then
+ many-to-1.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> does not necessarily have a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ associated with it. In particular, data mining tools are likely to never instantiate browsing
+ contexts.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> can have a <dfn id=creator-browsing-context>creator browsing context</dfn>, the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> that was responsible for its creation. If a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> has a <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent browsing context</a>, then that is its <a href=#creator-browsing-context>creator browsing
+ context</a>. Otherwise, if the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has an <a href=#opener-browsing-context>opener browsing
+ context</a>, then <em>that</em> is its <a href=#creator-browsing-context>creator browsing context</a>. Otherwise, the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has no <a href=#creator-browsing-context>creator browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">A</var> has a <a href=#creator-browsing-context>creator browsing
+ context</a>, then the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that was the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of that
+ <a href=#creator-browsing-context>creator browsing context</a> at the time <var title="">A</var> was created is the
+ <dfn id=creator-document>creator <code>Document</code></dfn>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is first created, it must be created with a single
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in its session history, whose <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's
+ address">address</a> is <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>, which is marked as being an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>, whose <a href="#document's-character-encoding" title="document's character
+ encoding">character encoding</a> is UTF-8, and which is both <a href=#ready-for-post-load-tasks>ready for post-load
+ tasks</a> and <a href=#completely-loaded>completely loaded</a> immediately, along with a new <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ object that the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is associated with. The <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> must have a
+ single child <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> node, which itself has two empty child nodes: a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>
+ element, and a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element. As soon as this <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created, the
+ user agent must <a href=#implement-the-sandboxing>implement the sandboxing</a> for it. If the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ has a <a href=#creator-document>creator <code>Document</code></a>, then the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href="#the-document's-referrer" title="the document's referrer">referrer</a> must be set to
+ <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">the address</a> of that <a href=#creator-document>creator
+ <code>Document</code></a> at the time of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s creation.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is created specifically to be immediately
+ navigated, then that initial navigation will have <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>.</p>
+
+ <p id=about-blank-origin>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> and <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> are set when the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created.
+ If the new <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has a <a href=#creator-browsing-context>creator browsing context</a>, then the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#creator-document>creator
+ <code>Document</code></a> and the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is initially an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> of the
+ <a href=#creator-document>creator <code>Document</code></a>. Otherwise, the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is a globally unique identifier assigned when the
+ new <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is created and the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is initially an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to its <a href=#origin>origin</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=nested-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.1.1 </span>Nested browsing contexts</h4>
+
+ <p>Certain elements (for example, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements) can instantiate further <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing contexts</a>. These are called <dfn id=nested-browsing-context title="nested browsing
+ context">nested browsing contexts</dfn>. If a browsing context <var title="">P</var> has a
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <var title="">D</var> with an element <var title="">E</var> that nests
+ another browsing context <var title="">C</var> inside it, then <var title="">C</var> is said to be
+ <dfn id=browsing-context-nested-through title="browsing context nested through">nested through</dfn> <var title="">D</var>, and <var title="">E</var> is said to be the <dfn id=browsing-context-container>browsing context container</dfn> of <var title="">C</var>.
+ If the <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a> element <var title="">E</var> is <a href=#in-a-document title="in a
+ Document">in</a> the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <var title="">D</var>, then <var title="">P</var> is
+ said to be the <dfn id=parent-browsing-context>parent browsing context</dfn> of <var title="">C</var> and <var title="">C</var> is said to be a <dfn id=child-browsing-context>child browsing context</dfn> of <var title="">P</var>.
+ Otherwise, the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> <var title="">C</var> has no <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent
+ browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A browsing context <var title="">A</var> is said to be an <dfn id=ancestor-browsing-context title="ancestor browsing
+ context">ancestor</dfn> of a browsing context <var title="">B</var> if there exists a browsing
+ context <var title="">A'</var> that is a <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a> of <var title="">A</var> and that is itself an <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context title="ancestor browsing context">ancestor</a> of
+ <var title="">B</var>, or if the browsing context <var title="">A</var> is the
+ <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent browsing context</a> of <var title="">B</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>A browsing context that is not a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> has no <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent
+ browsing context</a>, and is the <dfn id=top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</dfn> of all the browsing
+ contexts for which it is an <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context>ancestor browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The transitive closure of <a href=#parent-browsing-context title="parent browsing context">parent browsing contexts</a>
+ for a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> gives the list of <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context title="ancestor browsing
+ context">ancestor browsing contexts</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=list-of-the-descendant-browsing-contexts>list of the descendant browsing contexts</dfn> of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <var title="">d</var> is the (ordered) list returned by the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">list</var> be an empty list.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a> of <var title="">d</var> that is <a href=#browsing-context-nested-through title="browsing context nested through">nested through</a> an element that is <a href=#in-a-document title="in
+ a document">in the <code>Document</code></a> <var title="">d</var>, in the <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a> of the elements nesting those <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing
+ contexts</a>, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Append that <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a> to the list <var title="">list</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Append the <a href=#list-of-the-descendant-browsing-contexts>list of the descendant browsing contexts</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> of that <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a> to the list <var title="">list</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the constructed <var title="">list</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is said to be <dfn id=fully-active>fully active</dfn> when it is the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> of its <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, and either its browsing context is a
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, or it has a <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent browsing context</a> and the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <a href=#browsing-context-nested-through title="browsing context nested through">through which</a> it is
+ <a href=#nested-browsing-context title="nested browsing context">nested</a> is itself <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Because they are nested through an element, <a href=#child-browsing-context title="child browsing context">child browsing
+ contexts</a> are always tied to a specific <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in their <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent browsing
+ context</a>. User agents must not allow the user to interact with <a href=#child-browsing-context title="child browsing
+ context">child browsing contexts</a> of elements that are in <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s that are
+ not themselves <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> can have a <a href=#seamless-browsing-context-flag>seamless browsing context flag</a>
+ set, if it is embedded through an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-iframe-seamless><a href=#attr-iframe-seamless>seamless</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> can be put into a <dfn id=delaying-load-events-mode>delaying <code title=event-load>load</code> events mode</dfn>. This is used when it is <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigated</a>, to <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the load event</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing
+ context container</a> before the new <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created.</p>
+
+<!--(There's no current way for this to happen, since removing an iframe from a document discards its browsing context)
+ <p class="note">A <span>nested browsing context</span> can in some cases be taken out of its
+ <span>parent browsing context</span> (e.g. if an <code>iframe</code> element is removed from its
+ <code>Document</code>). In such a situation, the <span>nested browsing context</span> has no
+ <span>parent browsing context</span>, but it still has the same <span>browsing context
+ container</span> and is still <span title="browsing context nested through">nested through</span>
+ that element's <code>Document</code>. Such a <span>nested browsing context</span> is <em>not</em>
+ a <span>top-level browsing context</span>, and cannot contain <code>Document</code>s that are
+ <span>fully active</span>. Furthermore, if a <span>browsing context container</span> (such as an
+ <code>iframe</code>) is moved to another <code>Document</code>, then the <span>parent browsing
+ context</span> of its <span>nested browsing context</span> will change.</p>
+-->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=document-family>document family</dfn> of a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> consists of the union of all
+ the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects in that <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#session-history>session
+ history</a> and the <a href=#document-family title="document family">document families</a> of all those
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects. The <a href=#document-family>document family</a> of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object
+ consists of the union of all the <a href=#document-family title="document family">document families</a> of the
+ <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing contexts</a> that are <a href=#browsing-context-nested-through title="browsing context
+ nested through">nested through</a> the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=navigating-nested-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom><span class=secno>7.1.1.1 </span>Navigating nested browsing contexts in the DOM</h5>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-top><a href=#dom-top>top</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> for the <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-parent><a href=#dom-parent>parent</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> for the <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-frameElement><a href=#dom-frameelement>frameElement</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code> for the <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Returns null if there isn't one.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception in cross-origin situations.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-top title=dom-top><code>top</code></dfn> IDL attribute on the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">b</var> must return
+ the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object of its <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> (which would be
+ its own <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object if it was a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>
+ itself), if it has one, or its own <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object otherwise (e.g. if it was a
+ detached <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-parent title=dom-parent><code>parent</code></dfn> IDL attribute on the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ object of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">b</var> must
+ return the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object of the <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent browsing context</a>, if there
+ is one (i.e. if <var title="">b</var> is a <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a>), or the
+ <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">b</var> itself,
+ otherwise (i.e. if it is a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> or a detached <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested
+ browsing context</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-frameelement title=dom-frameElement><code>frameElement</code></dfn> IDL attribute on the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <var title="">d</var>, on getting, must run
+ the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">d</var> is not a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>, return null and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> does not have the
+ <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a> <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> as the
+ <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>, then
+ throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a> for <var title="">b</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=auxiliary-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.1.2 </span>Auxiliary browsing contexts</h4>
+
+ <p>It is possible to create new browsing contexts that are related to a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing
+ context</a> without being nested through an element. Such browsing contexts are called <dfn id=auxiliary-browsing-context title="auxiliary browsing context">auxiliary browsing contexts</dfn>. Auxiliary browsing contexts
+ are always <a href=#top-level-browsing-context title="top-level browsing context">top-level browsing contexts</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>An <a href=#auxiliary-browsing-context>auxiliary browsing context</a> has an <dfn id=opener-browsing-context>opener browsing context</dfn>, which is
+ the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> from which the <a href=#auxiliary-browsing-context>auxiliary browsing context</a> was
+ created.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=navigating-auxiliary-browsing-contexts-in-the-dom><span class=secno>7.1.2.1 </span>Navigating auxiliary browsing contexts in the DOM</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-opener title=dom-opener><code>opener</code></dfn> IDL attribute on the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ object, on getting, must return the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> from which the current <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> was created (its <a href=#opener-browsing-context>opener
+ browsing context</a>), if there is one, if it is still available, and if the current
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has not <i><a href=#disowned-its-opener>disowned its opener</a></i>; otherwise, it must return null.
+ On setting, if the new value is null then the current <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> must <dfn id=disowned-its-opener title="disowned its opener">disown its opener</dfn>; if the new value is anything else then the
+ user agent must
+
+ <!-- dark magic incantation begins -->
+ call the [[DefineOwnProperty]] internal method of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, passing the
+ property name "<code title="">opener</code>" as the property key, and the Property Descriptor {
+ [[Value]]: <var title="">value</var>, [[Writable]]: true, [[Enumerable]]: true,
+ [[Configurable]]: true } as the property descriptor,
+ <!-- dark magic incantation ends -->
+
+ where <var title="">value</var> is the new value.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=secondary-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.1.3 </span>Secondary browsing contexts</h4>
+
+ <p>User agents may support <dfn id=secondary-browsing-context title="secondary browsing context">secondary browsing
+ contexts</dfn>, which are <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing contexts</a> that form part
+ of the user agent's interface, apart from the main content area.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=rel-sidebar><a href=#link-type-sidebar>sidebar</a></code> link type uses <a href=#secondary-browsing-context title="secondary
+ browsing context">secondary browsing contexts</a>.</p>
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=security-nav><span class=secno>7.1.4 </span>Security</h4>
+
+ <p id=security-1>A <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">A</var> is <dfn id=familiar-with>familiar
+ with</dfn> a second <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">B</var> if one of the following
+ conditions is true:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>Either the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of <var title="">A</var>
+ is the <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> of <var title="">B</var>, or</li>
+
+ <li>The browsing context <var title="">A</var> is a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> with a
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, and its <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> is <var title="">B</var>, or</li>
+
+ <li>The browsing context <var title="">B</var> is an <a href=#auxiliary-browsing-context>auxiliary browsing context</a> and
+ <var title="">A</var> is <a href=#familiar-with>familiar with</a> <var title="">B</var>'s <a href=#opener-browsing-context>opener
+ browsing context</a>, or</li>
+
+ <li>The browsing context <var title="">B</var> is not a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>,
+ but there exists an <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context>ancestor browsing context</a> of <var title="">B</var> whose
+ <a href=#active-document>active document</a> has the <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a> <a href=#origin>origin</a> as
+ the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of <var title="">A</var> (possibly in fact being <var title="">A</var> itself).</li>
+
+ </ul><hr><p>A <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">A</var> is <dfn id=allowed-to-navigate>allowed to navigate</dfn> a
+ second <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">B</var> if the following algorithm terminates
+ positively:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">A</var> is not the same <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> as <var title="">B</var>, and <var title="">A</var> is not one of the <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context title="ancestor browsing
+ context">ancestor browsing contexts</a> of <var title="">B</var>, and <var title="">B</var>
+ is not a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, and <var title="">A</var>'s <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> has its <a href=#sandboxed-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed navigation
+ browsing context flag</a> set, then abort these steps negatively.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if <var title="">B</var> is a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, and is
+ one of the <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context title="ancestor browsing context">ancestor browsing contexts</a> of <var title="">A</var>, and <var title="">A</var>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing
+ flag set</a> has its <a href=#sandboxed-top-level-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed top-level navigation browsing context flag</a> set,
+ then abort these steps negatively.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if <var title="">B</var> is a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, and is
+ neither <var title="">A</var> nor one of the <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context title="ancestor browsing context">ancestor
+ browsing contexts</a> of <var title="">A</var>, and <var title="">A</var>'s
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> has its <a href=#sandboxed-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed
+ navigation browsing context flag</a> set, and <var title="">A</var> is not the <a href=#one-permitted-sandboxed-navigator>one
+ permitted sandboxed navigator</a> of <var title="">B</var>, then abort these steps
+ negatively.</li> <!-- we do not check the /sandboxed auxiliary navigation browsing context
+ flag/ here, that's only for actually opening the new top-level browsing context. -->
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, terminate positively!</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>An element has a <dfn id=browsing-context-scope-origin>browsing context scope origin</dfn> if its <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> or if all of its
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context title="ancestor browsing context">ancestor browsing contexts</a>
+ all have <a href=#active-document title="active document">active documents</a> whose <a href=#origin>origin</a> are the
+ <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#origin>origin</a>. If an
+ element has a <a href=#browsing-context-scope-origin>browsing context scope origin</a>, then its value is the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=groupings-of-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.1.5 </span>Groupings of browsing contexts</h4>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is defined as having a list of one or more <dfn id=directly-reachable-browsing-contexts>directly
+ reachable browsing contexts</dfn>. These are:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> itself.</li>
+
+ <li>All the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#child-browsing-context title="child browsing context">child browsing
+ contexts</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>All the <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing contexts</a> that have the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> as their <a href=#opener-browsing-context>opener browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#opener-browsing-context>opener browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>The transitive closure of all the <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing contexts</a> that
+ are <a href=#directly-reachable-browsing-contexts>directly reachable browsing contexts</a> forms a <dfn id=unit-of-related-browsing-contexts>unit of related browsing
+ contexts</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#unit-of-related-browsing-contexts>unit of related browsing contexts</a> is then further divided into the smallest
+ number of groups such that every member of each group has an <a href=#active-document>active document</a> with an
+ <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> that, through appropriate manipulation of the <code title=dom-document-domain><a href=#dom-document-domain>document.domain</a></code> attribute, could be made to be the same as
+ other members of the group, but could not be made the same as members of any other group. Each
+ such group is a <dfn id=unit-of-related-similar-origin-browsing-contexts>unit of related similar-origin browsing contexts</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>There is also at most one <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> per <a href=#unit-of-related-similar-origin-browsing-contexts>unit of related
+ similar-origin browsing contexts</a> (though several <a href=#unit-of-related-similar-origin-browsing-contexts title="unit of related
+ similar-origin browsing contexts">units of related similar-origin browsing contexts</a> can
+ have a shared <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=browsing-context-names><span class=secno>7.1.6 </span>Browsing context names</h4>
+
+ <p>Browsing contexts can have a <dfn id=browsing-context-name>browsing context name</dfn>. By default, a browsing context
+ has no name (its name is not set).</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=valid-browsing-context-name>valid browsing context name</dfn> is any string with at least one character that does
+ not start with a U+005F LOW LINE character. (Names starting with an underscore are reserved for
+ special keywords.)</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=valid-browsing-context-name-or-keyword>valid browsing context name or keyword</dfn> is any string that is either a <a href=#valid-browsing-context-name>valid
+ browsing context name</a> or that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for one of:
+ <code title="">_blank</code>, <code title="">_self</code>, <code title="">_parent</code>, or <code title="">_top</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>These values have different meanings based on whether the page is sandboxed or not, as
+ summarised in the following (non-normative) table. In this table, "current" means the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> that the link or script is in, "parent" means the <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent
+ browsing context</a> of the one the link or script is in, "master" means the nearest
+ <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context>ancestor browsing context</a> of the one the link or script is in that is not itself in a
+ <a href=#attr-iframe-seamless title=attr-iframe-seamless>seamless iframe</a>, "top" means the <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level
+ browsing context</a> of the one the link or script is in, "new" means a new <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level
+ browsing context</a> or <a href=#auxiliary-browsing-context>auxiliary browsing context</a> is to be created, subject to
+ various user preferences and user agent policies, "none" means that nothing will happen, and
+ "maybe new" means the same as "new" if the "<code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-popups><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-popups>allow-popups</a></code>" keyword is also specified on the
+ <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code> attribute (or if the user overrode the
+ sandboxing), and the same as "none" otherwise.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th rowspan=2>Keyword
+ <th rowspan=2>Ordinary effect
+ <th colspan=5>Effect in an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> with...
+ <tr><!-- nothing --><th><code title="">seamless=""</code>
+ <th><code title="">sandbox=""</code>
+ <th><code title="">sandbox="" seamless=""</code>
+ <th><code title="">sandbox="allow-top-navigation"</code>
+ <th><code title="">sandbox="allow-top-navigation" seamless=""</code>
+
+ <tbody><tr><td>none specified, for links and form submissions <!-- same as empty string -->
+ <td>current
+ <td>master
+ <td>current
+ <td>master
+ <td>current
+ <td>master
+
+ <tr><td>empty string
+ <td>current
+ <td>master
+ <td>current
+ <td>master
+ <td>current
+ <td>master
+
+ <tr><td><code title="">_blank</code>
+ <td>new
+ <td>new
+ <td>maybe new
+ <td>maybe new
+ <td>maybe new
+ <td>maybe new
+
+ <tr><td><code title="">_self</code>
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+
+ <tr><td><code title="">_parent</code> if there isn't a parent
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+
+ <tr><td><code title="">_parent</code> if parent is also top
+ <td>parent/top
+ <td>parent/top
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+ <td>parent/top
+ <td>parent/top
+
+ <tr><td><code title="">_parent</code> if there is one and it's not top
+ <td>parent
+ <td>parent
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+
+ <tr><td><code title="">_top</code> if top is current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+
+ <tr><td><code title="">_top</code> if top is not current
+ <td>top
+ <td>top
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+ <td>top
+ <td>top
+
+ <tr><td>name that doesn't exist
+ <td>new
+ <td>new
+ <td>maybe new
+ <td>maybe new
+ <td>maybe new
+ <td>maybe new
+
+ <tr><td>name that exists and is a descendant
+ <td>specified descendant
+ <td>specified descendant
+ <td>specified descendant
+ <td>specified descendant
+ <td>specified descendant
+ <td>specified descendant
+
+ <tr><td>name that exists and is current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+ <td>current
+
+ <tr><td>name that exists and is an ancestor that is top
+ <td>specified ancestor
+ <td>specified ancestor
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+ <td>specified ancestor/top
+ <td>specified ancestor/top
+
+ <tr><td>name that exists and is an ancestor that is not top
+ <td>specified ancestor
+ <td>specified ancestor
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+
+ <tr><td>other name that exists with common top
+ <td>specified
+ <td>specified
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+
+ <tr><td>name that exists with different top, if <a href=#familiar-with title="familiar with">familiar</a> and <a href=#one-permitted-sandboxed-navigator>one permitted sandboxed navigator</a>
+ <td>specified
+ <td>specified
+ <td>specified
+ <td>specified
+ <td>specified
+ <td>specified
+
+ <tr><td>name that exists with different top, if <a href=#familiar-with title="familiar with">familiar</a> but not <a href=#one-permitted-sandboxed-navigator>one permitted sandboxed navigator</a>
+ <td>specified
+ <td>specified
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+ <td>none
+
+ <tr><td>name that exists with different top, not <a href=#familiar-with title="familiar with">familiar</a>
+ <td>new
+ <td>new
+ <td>maybe new
+ <td>maybe new
+ <td>maybe new
+ <td>maybe new
+
+ </table><p class=tablenote><small>Most of the restrictions on sandboxed browsing contexts are applied by
+ other algorithms, e.g. the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> algorithm, not <a href=#the-rules-for-choosing-a-browsing-context-given-a-browsing-context-name>the rules
+ for choosing a browsing context given a browsing context name</a> given below.</small></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>An algorithm is <dfn id=allowed-to-show-a-popup>allowed to show a popup</dfn> if any of the following conditions is
+ true:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in which the algorithm is running is currently
+ processing an <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> whose <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event
+ was <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in which the algorithm is running is currently
+ running the event listener for a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event whose
+ type is in the following list:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title=event-change><a href=#event-change>change</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=event-dblclick><a href=#event-dblclick>dblclick</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=event-mouseup><a href=#event-mouseup>mouseup</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=event-reset><a href=#event-reset>reset</a></code></li>
+ <li><code title=event-submit><a href=#event-submit>submit</a></code></li>
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in which the algorithm is running was <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by an algorithm that was <a href=#allowed-to-show-a-popup>allowed to show a popup</a>,
+ and the chain of such algorithms started within a user-agent defined timeframe.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if a user clicked a button, it might be acceptable for a popup
+ to result from that after 4 seconds, but it would likely not be acceptable for a popup to result
+ from that after 4 hours.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ul><hr><p><dfn id=the-rules-for-choosing-a-browsing-context-given-a-browsing-context-name>The rules for choosing a browsing context given a browsing context name</dfn> are as
+ follows. The rules assume that they are being applied in the context of a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>, as part of the execution of a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the given browsing context name is the empty string or <code title="">_self</code>, then
+ the chosen browsing context must be the current one.</p>
+
+ <p>If the given browsing context name is <code title="">_self</code>, then this is an
+ <a href=#explicit-self-navigation-override>explicit self-navigation override</a>, which overrides the behavior of the
+ <a href=#seamless-browsing-context-flag>seamless browsing context flag</a> set by the <code title=attr-iframe-seamless><a href=#attr-iframe-seamless>seamless</a></code> attribute on <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the given browsing context name is <code title="">_parent</code>, then the chosen
+ browsing context must be the <a href=#parent-browsing-context><em>parent</em> browsing context</a> of the current one,
+ unless there isn't one, in which case the chosen browsing context must be the current browsing
+ context.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the given browsing context name is <code title="">_top</code>, then the chosen browsing
+ context must be the <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> of the current one, if there is one,
+ or else the current browsing context.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the given browsing context name is not <code title="">_blank</code> and there exists a
+ browsing context whose <a href=#browsing-context-name title="browsing context name">name</a> is the same as the given
+ browsing context name, and the current browsing context is <a href=#familiar-with>familiar with</a> that
+ browsing context, and the user agent determines that the two browsing contexts are related
+ enough that it is ok if they reach each other, then that browsing context must be the chosen
+ one. If there are multiple matching browsing contexts, the user agent should select one in some
+ arbitrary consistent manner, such as the most recently opened, most recently focused, or more
+ closely related.</p>
+
+ <p>If the browsing context is chosen by this step to be the current browsing context, then this
+ is also an <a href=#explicit-self-navigation-override>explicit self-navigation override</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, a new browsing context is being requested, and what happens depends on the user
+ agent's configuration and abilities &mdash; it is determined by the rules given for the first
+ applicable option from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt id=popup-blocker>If the algorithm is not <a href=#allowed-to-show-a-popup>allowed to show a popup</a> and the
+ user agent has been configured to not show popups (i.e. the user agent has a "popup blocker"
+ enabled)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>There is no chosen browsing context. The user agent may inform the user that a popup has
+ been blocked.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt id=sandboxWindowOpen>If the current browsing context's <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s
+ <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> has the <a href=#sandboxed-auxiliary-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed auxiliary navigation browsing
+ context flag</a> set.</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Typically, there is no chosen browsing context.</p>
+
+ <p>The user agent may offer to create a new <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> or reuse
+ an existing <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>. If the user picks one of those options,
+ then the designated browsing context must be the chosen one (the browsing context's name isn't
+ set to the given browsing context name). The default behaviour (if the user agent doesn't
+ offer the option to the user, or if the user declines to allow a browsing context to be used)
+ must be that there must not be a chosen browsing context.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>If this case occurs, it means that an author has explicitly sandboxed the
+ document that is trying to open a link.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=noopener>If the user agent has been configured such that in this instance it will
+ create a new browsing context, and the browsing context is being requested as part of <a href=#following-hyperlinks title="following hyperlinks">following a hyperlink</a> whose <a href=#linkTypes>link
+ types</a> include the <code title=rel-noreferrer><a href=#link-type-noreferrer>noreferrer</a></code> keyword</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A new <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> must be created. If the given browsing
+ context name is not <code title="">_blank</code>, then the new top-level browsing context's
+ name must be the given browsing context name (otherwise, it has no name). The chosen browsing
+ context must be this new browsing context. The creation of such a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ is <dfn id=a-new-start-for-session-storage>a new start for session storage</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If it is immediately <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigated</a>, then the
+ navigation will be done with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the user agent has been configured such that in this instance it will create a new
+ browsing context, and the <code title=rel-noreferrer><a href=#link-type-noreferrer>noreferrer</a></code> keyword doesn't
+ apply</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>A new <a href=#auxiliary-browsing-context>auxiliary browsing context</a> must be created, with the <a href=#opener-browsing-context>opener
+ browsing context</a> being the current one. If the given browsing context name is not <code title="">_blank</code>, then the new auxiliary browsing context's name must be the given
+ browsing context name (otherwise, it has no name). The chosen browsing context must be this new
+ browsing context.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If it is immediately <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigated</a>, then the
+ navigation will be done with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the user agent has been configured such that in this instance it will reuse the current
+ browsing context</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The chosen browsing context is the current browsing context.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the user agent has been configured such that in this instance it will not find a
+ browsing context</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>There must not be a chosen browsing context.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>User agent implementors are encouraged to provide a way for users to configure the user agent
+ to always reuse the current browsing context.</p>
+
+ <p>If the current browsing context's <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag
+ set</a> has the <a href=#sandboxed-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed navigation browsing context flag</a> set and the chosen
+ browsing context picked above, if any, is a new browsing context (whether top-level or
+ auxiliary), then all the flags that are set in the current browsing context's <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> when the new browsing context is
+ created must be set in the new browsing context's <a href=#popup-sandboxing-flag-set>popup sandboxing flag set</a>, and
+ the current browsing context must be set as the new browsing context's <a href=#one-permitted-sandboxed-navigator>one permitted
+ sandboxed navigator</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <h3 id=the-window-object><span class=secno>7.2 </span>The <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object</h3>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[PrimaryGlobal]
+/*sealed*/ interface <dfn id=window>Window</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ // the current browsing context
+ [Unforgeable] readonly attribute <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a> <a href=#dom-window title=dom-window>window</a>;
+ [Replaceable] readonly attribute <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a> <a href=#dom-self title=dom-self>self</a>;
+ [Unforgeable] readonly attribute <a href=#document>Document</a> <a href=#dom-document-0 title=dom-document>document</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-name title=dom-name>name</a>; <!-- not [Replaceable] per WebKit and IE8 -->
+ [PutForwards=<a href=#dom-url-href title=dom-url-href>href</a>, Unforgeable] readonly attribute <a href=#location>Location</a> <a href=#dom-location title=dom-location>location</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#history-0>History</a> <a href=#dom-history title=dom-history>history</a>;
+ [Replaceable] readonly attribute <a href=#barprop>BarProp</a> <a href=#dom-window-locationbar title=dom-window-locationbar>locationbar</a>;
+ [Replaceable] readonly attribute <a href=#barprop>BarProp</a> <a href=#dom-window-menubar title=dom-window-menubar>menubar</a>;
+ [Replaceable] readonly attribute <a href=#barprop>BarProp</a> <a href=#dom-window-personalbar title=dom-window-personalbar>personalbar</a>;
+ [Replaceable] readonly attribute <a href=#barprop>BarProp</a> <a href=#dom-window-scrollbars title=dom-window-scrollbars>scrollbars</a>;
+ [Replaceable] readonly attribute <a href=#barprop>BarProp</a> <a href=#dom-window-statusbar title=dom-window-statusbar>statusbar</a>;
+ [Replaceable] readonly attribute <a href=#barprop>BarProp</a> <a href=#dom-window-toolbar title=dom-window-toolbar>toolbar</a>;<!--
+ [Replaceable] readonly attribute <span>BarProp</span> <span title="dom-window-directories">directories</span>; // legacy (Gecko-only) -->
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-window-status title=dom-window-status>status</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-window-close title=dom-window-close>close</a>();
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-window-closed title=dom-window-closed>closed</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-window-stop title=dom-window-stop>stop</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-window-focus title=dom-window-focus>focus</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-window-blur title=dom-window-blur>blur</a>();
+
+ // other browsing contexts
+ [Replaceable] readonly attribute <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a> <a href=#dom-frames title=dom-frames>frames</a>;
+ [Replaceable] readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-length title=dom-length>length</a>;
+ [Unforgeable] readonly attribute <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a> <a href=#dom-top title=dom-top>top</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a>? <a href=#dom-opener title=dom-opener>opener</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a> <a href=#dom-parent title=dom-parent>parent</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#element>Element</a>? <a href=#dom-frameelement title=dom-frameElement>frameElement</a>;
+ <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a> <a href=#dom-open title=dom-open>open</a>(optional DOMString url = "about:blank", optional DOMString target = "_blank", optional DOMString features = "", optional boolean replace = false);
+ <a href=#dom-window-item title=dom-window-item>getter</a> <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a> (unsigned long index);
+ <a href=#dom-window-nameditem title=dom-window-namedItem>getter</a> object (DOMString name);
+
+ // the user agent
+ readonly attribute <a href=#navigator>Navigator</a> <a href=#dom-navigator title=dom-navigator>navigator</a>; <!-- IE also has window.clientInformation === window.navigator -->
+ [Replaceable] readonly attribute <a href=#external>External</a> <a href=#dom-external title=dom-external>external</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a> <a href=#dom-applicationcache title=dom-applicationCache>applicationCache</a>;
+
+ // user prompts
+ void <a href=#dom-alert title=dom-alert>alert</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-alert title=dom-alert>alert</a>(DOMString message);
+ boolean <a href=#dom-confirm title=dom-confirm>confirm</a>(optional DOMString message = "");
+ DOMString? <a href=#dom-prompt title=dom-prompt>prompt</a>(optional DOMString message = "", optional DOMString default = "");
+ void <a href=#dom-print title=dom-print>print</a>();
+ any <a href=#dom-showmodaldialog title=dom-showModalDialog>showModalDialog</a>(DOMString url, optional any argument<!--, optional DOMString features-->);
+
+ void <a href=#dom-window-postmessage title=dom-window-postMessage>postMessage</a>(any message, DOMString targetOrigin, optional sequence&lt;<a href=#transferable>Transferable</a>&gt; transfer);
+
+ // <a href="#Window-partial">also has obsolete members</a>
+};
+<a href=#window>Window</a> implements <a href=#globaleventhandlers>GlobalEventHandlers</a>;
+<a href=#window>Window</a> implements <a href=#windoweventhandlers>WindowEventHandlers</a>;</pre>
+
+<!-- for more features to add here, look here:
+ http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/author/dhtml/reference/objects/obj_window.asp
+ http://www.mozilla.org/docs/dom/domref/dom_window_ref.html
+ http://lxr.mozilla.org/mozilla/source/dom/public/idl/base/nsIDOMWindow.idl - scrollBy, etc
+ http://lxr.mozilla.org/mozilla/source/dom/public/idl/base/nsIDOMWindowInternal.idl - DOM level 0
+-->
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-window><a href=#dom-window>window</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-frames><a href=#dom-frames>frames</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-self><a href=#dom-self>self</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>These attributes all return <var title="">window</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-document><a href=#dom-document-0>document</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> associated with <var title="">window</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-defaultView><a href=#dom-document-defaultview>defaultView</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-window title=dom-window><code>window</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-frames title=dom-frames><code>frames</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-self title=dom-self><code>self</code></dfn>
+ IDL attributes must all return the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s
+ <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-0 title=dom-document><code>document</code></dfn> IDL attribute must return
+ <a href=#concept-document-window title=concept-document-window>the <code>Window</code> object's newest <code>Document</code> object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-defaultview title=dom-document-defaultView><code>defaultView</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> interface must return the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>'s <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object, if there is one, or null otherwise.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>For historical reasons, <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects must also have a writable, configurable,
+ non-enumerable property named <dfn id=htmldocument><code>HTMLDocument</code></dfn> whose value is the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> interface object.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=security-window><span class=secno>7.2.1 </span>Security</h4>
+
+ <p class=critical>This section describes a security model that is underdefined, imperfect, and
+ does not match implementations. Work is ongoing to attempt to resolve this, but in the meantime,
+ please do not rely on this section for precision. Implementors are urged to send their feedback on
+ how cross-origin cross-global access to <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> and <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> objects
+ should work. See <a href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=20701">bug 20701</a>.</p>
+
+ <p id=security-2>User agents must throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception whenever any
+ properties of a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object are accessed when the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings
+ object</a> specifies an <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> that is not the <a href=#same-origin title="same
+ origin">same</a> as <a href=#concept-document-window title=concept-document-window>the <code>Window</code> object's
+ <code>Document</code></a>'s <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a>, with the following
+ exceptions:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The <code title=dom-location><a href=#dom-location>location</a></code> attribute
+
+ <li>The <code title=dom-window-postMessage><a href=#dom-window-postmessage>postMessage()</a></code> method
+
+ <li>The <code title=dom-window><a href=#dom-window>window</a></code> attribute
+
+ <li>The <code title=dom-frames><a href=#dom-frames>frames</a></code> attribute
+
+ <li>The <code title=dom-self><a href=#dom-self>self</a></code> attribute
+
+ <li>The <code title=dom-top><a href=#dom-top>top</a></code> attribute
+
+ <li>The <code title=dom-parent><a href=#dom-parent>parent</a></code> attribute
+
+ <li>The <code title=dom-opener><a href=#dom-opener>opener</a></code> attribute
+
+ <li>The <code title=dom-window-closed><a href=#dom-window-closed>closed</a></code> attribute
+
+ <li>The <code title=dom-window-close><a href=#dom-window-close>close()</a></code> method
+
+ <li>The <code title=dom-window-blur><a href=#dom-window-blur>blur()</a></code> method
+
+ <li>The <code title=dom-window-focus><a href=#dom-window-focus>focus()</a></code> method
+
+ <li>The <a href=#dynamic-nested-browsing-context-properties>dynamic nested browsing context properties</a>
+
+ </ul><p>When the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a> specifies an <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script
+ origin</a> that is different than a <a href=#concept-document-window title=concept-document-window><code>Window</code>
+ object's <code>Document</code></a>'s <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a>, the user agent must
+ act as if any changes to that <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's properties, getters, setters, etc, were
+ not present, and as if all the properties of that <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object had their
+ [[Enumerable]] attribute set to false.</p>
+
+ <p>For members that return objects (including function objects), each distinct <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective
+ script origin</a> that is not the same as the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> must be provided with a separate set
+ of objects. These objects must have the prototype chain appropriate for the script for which the
+ objects are created (not those that would be appropriate for scripts whose <a href=#global-object>global
+ object</a>, as specified by their <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a>, is the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ object in question).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For instance, if two frames containing <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s from different <a href=#origin title=origin>origins</a> access the same <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's <code title=dom-window-postMessage><a href=#dom-window-postmessage>postMessage()</a></code> method, they will get distinct objects that
+ are not equal.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=apis-for-creating-and-navigating-browsing-contexts-by-name><span class=secno>7.2.2 </span>APIs for creating and navigating browsing contexts by name</h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-open><a href=#dom-open>open</a></code>( [ <var title="">url</var> [, <var title="">target</var> [, <var title="">features</var> [, <var title="">replace</var> ] ] ] ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Opens a window to show <var title="">url</var> (defaults to <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>), and
+ returns it. The <var title="">target</var> argument gives the name of the new window. If a
+ window exists with that name already, it is reused. The <var title="">replace</var> attribute,
+ if true, means that whatever page is currently open in that window will be removed from the
+ window's session history. The <var title="">features</var> argument is ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-name><a href=#dom-name>name</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the name of the window.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the name.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-window-close><a href=#dom-window-close>close</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Closes the window.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-window-closed><a href=#dom-window-closed>closed</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns true if the window has been closed, false otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-window-stop><a href=#dom-window-stop>stop</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Cancels the document load.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <!-- This whole section should be rewritten to use algorithmic style -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-open title=dom-open><code>open()</code></dfn> method on <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects
+ provides a mechanism for <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigating</a> an existing <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> or opening and navigating an <a href=#auxiliary-browsing-context>auxiliary browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The method has four arguments, though they are all optional.</p>
+
+ <p>The first argument, <var title="">url</var>, must be a <a href=#valid-non-empty-url>valid non-empty URL</a> for a
+ page to load in the browsing context. If the first argument is the empty string, then the <var title="">url</var> argument must be interpreted as "<code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>". Otherwise, the
+ argument must be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolved</a> to an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> (or
+ an error), relative to the <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings
+ object</a> when the method was invoked.</p>
+
+ <p>The second argument, <var title="">target</var>, specifies the <a href=#browsing-context-name title="browsing context
+ name">name</a> of the browsing context that is to be navigated. It must be a <a href=#valid-browsing-context-name-or-keyword>valid
+ browsing context name or keyword</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The third argument, <var title="">features</var>, has no defined effect and is mentioned for
+ historical reasons only. User agents may interpret this argument as instructions to set the size
+ and position of the browsing context, but are encouraged to instead ignore the argument
+ entirely.</p>
+
+ <p>The fourth argument, <var title="">replace</var>, specifies whether or not the new page will
+ <a href=#replacement-enabled title="replacement enabled">replace</a> the page currently loaded in the browsing
+ context, when <var title="">target</var> identifies an existing browsing context (as opposed to
+ leaving the current page in the browsing context's <a href=#session-history>session history</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>When the method is invoked, the user agent must first select a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to
+ navigate by applying <a href=#the-rules-for-choosing-a-browsing-context-given-a-browsing-context-name>the rules for choosing a browsing context given a browsing context
+ name</a> using the <var title="">target</var> argument as the name and the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> of the script as the context in which the algorithm is executed, unless the user
+ has indicated a preference, in which case the browsing context to navigate may instead be the one
+ indicated by the user.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, suppose there is a user agent that supports control-clicking a
+ link to open it in a new tab. If a user clicks in that user agent on an element whose <code title=handler-onclick><a href=#handler-onclick>onclick</a></code> handler uses the <code title=dom-open><a href=#dom-open>window.open()</a></code> API to open a page in an iframe, but, while doing so, holds
+ the control key down, the user agent could override the selection of the target browsing context
+ to instead target a new tab.</p>
+
+ <p>If applying <a href=#the-rules-for-choosing-a-browsing-context-given-a-browsing-context-name>the rules for choosing a browsing context given a browsing context
+ name</a> using the <var title="">target</var> argument would result in there not being a chosen
+ browsing context, then throw an <code><a href=#invalidaccesserror>InvalidAccessError</a></code> exception and abort these
+ steps.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">url</var> is not "<code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>", the user agent must
+ <a href=#navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV window.open()--> the selected <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to the
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> obtained from <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> <var title="">url</var> earlier, with <a href=#exceptions-enabled>exceptions enabled</a>. If the <var title="">replace</var> is true or if the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> was just created as part
+ of <a href=#the-rules-for-choosing-a-browsing-context-given-a-browsing-context-name>the rules for choosing a browsing context given a browsing context name</a>, then
+ <a href=#replacement-enabled title="replacement enabled">replacement must be enabled</a> also. The navigation must be
+ done with the <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings
+ object</a> as the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>. If the <a href=#resolve-a-url>resolve a URL</a>
+ algorithm failed, then the user agent may either instead <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> to an inline error
+ page, with <a href=#exceptions-enabled>exceptions enabled</a> and using the same replacement behavior and source
+ browsing context behavior as described earlier in this paragraph; or treat the <var title="">url</var> as "<code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>", acting as described in the next paragraph.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">url</var> <em>is</em> "<code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>", and the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> was just created as part of <a href=#the-rules-for-choosing-a-browsing-context-given-a-browsing-context-name>the rules for choosing a browsing context given a
+ browsing context name</a>, then the user agent must instead <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the selected
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, but with its <code title=dom-event-target><a href=#dom-event-target>target</a></code> set to the selected <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#concept-document-window title=concept-document-window><code>Window</code> object's <code>Document</code></a> object
+ (and the <code title=dom-event-currentTarget>currentTarget</code> set to the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object).</p>
+
+ <p>The method must return the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ that was navigated, or null if no browsing context was navigated.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-name title=dom-name><code>name</code></dfn> attribute of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ must, on getting, return the current <a href=#browsing-context-name title="browsing context name">name</a> of the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, if one is set, or the empty string otherwise; and, on setting, set
+ the <a href=#browsing-context-name title="browsing context name">name</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to the
+ new value.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The name <a href=#resetBCName>gets reset</a> when the browsing context is
+ navigated to another domain.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-window-close title=dom-window-close><code>close()</code></dfn> method on <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ objects should, if all the following conditions are met, <a href=#close-a-browsing-context title="close a browsing
+ context">close</a> the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">A</var>:
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>The corresponding <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">A</var> is
+ <a href=#script-closable>script-closable</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings
+ object</a> is <a href=#familiar-with>familiar with</a> the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">A</var>.</li>
+
+ <li id=sandboxClose>The <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a> specified by the
+ <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a> is <a href=#allowed-to-navigate>allowed to navigate</a> the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> <var title="">A</var>.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>A <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is <dfn id=script-closable>script-closable</dfn> if it is an <a href=#auxiliary-browsing-context>auxiliary
+ browsing context</a> that was created by a script (as opposed to by an action of the user), or
+ if it is a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> whose <a href=#session-history>session history</a> contains
+ only one <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-window-closed title=dom-window-closed><code>closed</code></dfn> attribute on <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ objects must return true if the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has
+ been <a href=#a-browsing-context-is-discarded title="a browsing context is discarded">discarded</a>, and false otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-window-stop title=dom-window-stop><code>stop()</code></dfn> method on <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ objects should, if there is an existing attempt to <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> and that attempt is not currently running the <a href=#unload-a-document>unload a document</a>
+ algorithm, cancel that <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a>; then, it must <a href=#abort-a-document title="abort a document">abort</a> the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which it was invoked.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=accessing-other-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.2.3 </span>Accessing other browsing contexts</h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-length><a href=#dom-length>length</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the number of <a href=#child-browsing-context title="child browsing context">child browsing
+ contexts</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the indicated <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-length title=dom-length><code>length</code></dfn> IDL attribute on the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ interface must return the number of <a href=#child-browsing-context title="child browsing context">child browsing
+ contexts</a> that are <a href=#browsing-context-nested-through title="browsing context nested through">nested through</a>
+ elements that are <a href=#in-a-document title="in a document">in the <code>Document</code></a> that is the
+ <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of that <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, if that <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>'s
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> shares the same <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> as the <a href=#responsible-document>responsible
+ document</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a> accessing the IDL attribute;
+ otherwise, it must return zero.</p>
+
+ <!-- in other words, frames are only accessible to same-thread processes -->
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> on the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object at any instant
+ are the numbers in the range 0 .. <span title=""><var title="">n</var>-1</span>, where <var title="">n</var> is the number returned by the <code title=dom-length><a href=#dom-length>length</a></code> IDL
+ attribute. If <var title="">n</var> is zero then there are no <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property
+ indices</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- sort order: http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2860 -->
+ <p>To <dfn id=dom-window-item title=dom-window-item>determine the value of an indexed property</dfn> <var title="">index</var> of a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, the user agent must return the
+ <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object of the <var title="">index</var>th <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing
+ context</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that is <a href=#browsing-context-nested-through title="browsing context nested
+ through">nested through</a> an element that is <a href=#in-a-document title="in a document">in the
+ <code>Document</code></a>, sorted in the order that the elements nesting those <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing contexts</a> were most recently inserted into the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object of the most recently inserted
+ <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a>'s <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> being last.</p>
+
+ <p>These properties are the <dfn id=dynamic-nested-browsing-context-properties>dynamic nested browsing context properties</dfn>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=named-access-on-the-window-object><span class=secno>7.2.4 </span>Named access on the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object</h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var>[<var title="">name</var>]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the indicated element or collection of elements.</p>
+
+ <p>As a general rule, relying on this will lead to brittle code. Which IDs end up mapping to
+ this API can vary over time, as new features are added to the Web platform, for example. Instead
+ of this, use <code title="">document.getElementById()</code> or <code title="">document.querySelector()</code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> interface <a href=#support-named-properties title="support named properties">supports named
+ properties</a>. The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> at any moment consist of the
+ following, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, ignoring later duplicates:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>the <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> of any <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a> of the
+ <a href=#active-document>active document</a> whose name is not the empty string,</li>
+
+ <li>the value of the <code title="">name</code> content attribute for all <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements in the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> that have a non-empty <code title="">name</code> content attribute, and</li>
+
+ <li>the value of the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> content attribute of any <a href=#html-elements title="HTML
+ elements">HTML element</a> in the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> with a non-empty <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> content attribute.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>To <a href=#determine-the-value-of-a-named-property>determine the value of a named property</a> <var title="">name</var> when <dfn id=dom-window-nameditem title=dom-window-namedItem>the <code>Window</code> object is indexed for property
+ retrieval</dfn>, the user agent must return the value obtained using the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1716 --><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">objects</var> be the list of <a href=#dom-window-nameditem-filter title=dom-window-namedItem-filter>named objects</a> with the name <var title="">name</var>
+ in the <a href=#active-document>active document</a>.
+
+ <p class=note>There will be at least one such object, by definition.<!-- (If there wasn't,
+ then this algorithm wouldn't have been invoked by Web IDL.) --></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">objects</var> contains a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, then return
+ the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object of the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> corresponding to
+ the first <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a> in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a> whose
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is in <var title="">objects</var>, and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">objects</var> has only one element, return that element and
+ abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise return an <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node,
+ whose filter matches only <a href=#dom-window-nameditem-filter title=dom-window-namedItem-filter>named objects</a> with
+ the name <var title="">name</var>. (By definition, these will all be elements.)</p> <!-- the
+ same one each time is returned, because of the rule under collections -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p><dfn id=dom-window-nameditem-filter title=dom-window-nameditem-filter>Named objects</dfn> with the name <var title="">name</var>, for the purposes of the above algorithm, are those that are either:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><a href=#child-browsing-context title="child browsing context">child browsing contexts</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> whose name is <var title="">name</var>,</li>
+
+ <li><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>, <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements that
+ have a <code title=attr-name>name</code> content attribute whose value is <var title="">name</var>, or</li>
+
+ <li><a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> that have an <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> content attribute
+ whose value is <var title="">name</var>.</li>
+
+ </ul></div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=garbage-collection-and-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.2.5 </span>Garbage collection and browsing contexts</h4>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has a strong reference to each of its <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s
+ and its <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object, and the user agent itself has a strong reference to its
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context title="top-level browsing context">top-level browsing contexts</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has a strong reference to its <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object <a href=#implied-strong-reference title="implied strong reference">has a strong
+ reference</a> to its <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object through its <code title=dom-document><a href=#dom-document-0>document</a></code> attribute. Thus, references from other scripts to either of
+ those objects will keep both alive. Similarly, both <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> and <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ objects have <a href=#implied-strong-reference title="implied strong reference">implied strong references</a> to the
+ <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> has a strong reference to its <a href=#settings-object>settings
+ object</a>, and each <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> has strong references to its
+ <a href=#global-object>global object</a>, <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a>, and <a href=#responsible-document>responsible
+ document</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- discard a document -->
+ <p>When a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is to <dfn id=discard-a-document>discard a <code>Document</code></dfn>, the user
+ agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state to false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run any <a href=#unloading-document-cleanup-steps>unloading document cleanup steps</a> for the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that
+ are defined by this specification and <a href=#other-applicable-specifications>other applicable specifications</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#abort-a-document title="abort a document">Abort the <code>Document</code></a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> associated with the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in any <a href=#task-source>task source</a>, without running those tasks.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#a-browsing-context-is-discarded title="a browsing context is discarded">Discard</a> all the <a href=#child-browsing-context title="child
+ browsing context">child browsing contexts</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Lose the strong reference from the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>Whenever a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object is <a href=#discard-a-document title="discard a
+ Document">discarded</a>, it is also removed from the list of <a href="#the-worker's-documents">the worker's
+ <code>Document</code>s</a> of each worker whose list contains that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>When <dfn id=a-browsing-context-is-discarded>a <em><span>browsing context</span></em> is discarded</dfn>, the strong reference
+ from the user agent itself to the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> must be severed, and all the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects for all the entries in the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s session
+ history must be <a href=#discard-a-document title="discard a document">discarded</a> as well.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may <a href=#a-browsing-context-is-discarded title="a browsing context is discarded">discard</a> <a href=#top-level-browsing-context title="top-level browsing context">top-level browsing contexts</a> at any time (typically, in
+ response to user requests, e.g. when a user force-closes a window containing one or more <a href=#top-level-browsing-context title="top-level browsing context">top-level browsing contexts</a>). Other <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing contexts</a> must be discarded once their
+ <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object is eligible for garbage collection.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=closing-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.2.6 </span>Closing browsing contexts</h4>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=close-a-browsing-context>close a browsing context</dfn>, it must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">specified browsing context</var> be the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ being closed.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#prompt-to-unload-a-document title="prompt to unload a document">Prompt to unload</a> the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> of the <var title="">specified browsing context</var>. If the user <a href=#refused-to-allow-the-document-to-be-unloaded>refused
+ to allow the document to be unloaded</a>, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#unload-a-document title="unload a document">Unload</a> the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <var title="">specified browsing context</var> with the <var title="">recycle</var> parameter set to
+ false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove the <var title="">specified browsing context</var> from the user interface (e.g.
+ close or hide its tab in a tabbed browser).</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#a-browsing-context-is-discarded title="a browsing context is discarded">Discard</a> the <var title="">specified
+ browsing context</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>User agents should offer users the ability to arbitrarily <a href=#close-a-browsing-context title="close a browsing
+ context">close</a> any <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=browser-interface-elements><span class=secno>7.2.7 </span>Browser interface elements</h4>
+
+ <p>To allow Web pages to integrate with Web browsers, certain Web browser interface elements are
+ exposed in a limited way to scripts in Web pages.</p>
+
+ <p>Each interface element is represented by a <code><a href=#barprop>BarProp</a></code> object:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=barprop>BarProp</dfn> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-barprop-visible title=dom-BarProp-visible>visible</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-window-locationbar><a href=#dom-window-locationbar>locationbar</a></code> . <code title=dom-BarProp-visible><a href=#dom-barprop-visible>visible</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns true if the location bar is visible; otherwise, returns false.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-window-menubar><a href=#dom-window-menubar>menubar</a></code> . <code title=dom-BarProp-visible><a href=#dom-barprop-visible>visible</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns true if the menu bar is visible; otherwise, returns false.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-window-personalbar><a href=#dom-window-personalbar>personalbar</a></code> . <code title=dom-BarProp-visible><a href=#dom-barprop-visible>visible</a></code></dt>
+ <!--<dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title="dom-window-directories">directories</code> . <code title="dom-BarProp-visible">visible</code></dt>-->
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns true if the personal bar is visible; otherwise, returns false.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-window-scrollbars><a href=#dom-window-scrollbars>scrollbars</a></code> . <code title=dom-BarProp-visible><a href=#dom-barprop-visible>visible</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns true if the scroll bars are visible; otherwise, returns false.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-window-statusbar><a href=#dom-window-statusbar>statusbar</a></code> . <code title=dom-BarProp-visible><a href=#dom-barprop-visible>visible</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns true if the status bar is visible; otherwise, returns false.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-window-toolbar><a href=#dom-window-toolbar>toolbar</a></code> . <code title=dom-BarProp-visible><a href=#dom-barprop-visible>visible</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns true if the toolbar is visible; otherwise, returns false.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-barprop-visible title=dom-BarProp-visible>visible</dfn> attribute, on getting, must return either
+ true or a value determined by the user agent to most accurately represent the visibility state of
+ the user interface element that the object represents, as described below. On setting, the new
+ value must be discarded.</p>
+
+ <p>The following <code><a href=#barprop>BarProp</a></code> objects exist for each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object in a
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>. Some of the user interface elements represented by these objects
+ might have no equivalent in some user agents; for those user agents, except when otherwise
+ specified, the object must act as if it was present and visible (i.e. its <code title=dom-BarProp-visible><a href=#dom-barprop-visible>visible</a></code> attribute must return true).</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=the-location-bar-barprop-object>The location bar <code>BarProp</code> object</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>Represents the user interface element that contains a control that displays the
+ <a href=#url>URL</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a>, or some similar interface concept.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=the-menu-bar-barprop-object>The menu bar <code>BarProp</code> object</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>Represents the user interface element that contains a list of commands in menu form, or some
+ similar interface concept.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=the-personal-bar-barprop-object>The personal bar <code>BarProp</code> object</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>Represents the user interface element that contains links to the user's favorite pages, or
+ some similar interface concept.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=the-scrollbar-barprop-object>The scrollbar <code>BarProp</code> object</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>Represents the user interface element that contains a scrolling mechanism, or some similar
+ interface concept.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=the-status-bar-barprop-object>The status bar <code>BarProp</code> object</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>Represents a user interface element found immediately below or after the document, as
+ appropriate for the user's media, which typically provides information about ongoing network
+ activity or information about elements that the user's pointing device is current indicating. If
+ the user agent has no such user interface element, then the object may act as if the
+ corresponding user interface element was absent (i.e. its <code title=dom-BarProp-visible><a href=#dom-barprop-visible>visible</a></code> attribute may return false).</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=the-toolbar-barprop-object>The toolbar <code>BarProp</code> object</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>Represents the user interface element found immediately above or before the document, as
+ appropriate for the user's media, which typically provides <a href=#session-history>session history</a> traversal
+ controls (back and forward buttons, reload buttons, etc). If the user agent has no such user
+ interface element, then the object may act as if the corresponding user interface element was
+ absent (i.e. its <code title=dom-BarProp-visible><a href=#dom-barprop-visible>visible</a></code> attribute may return
+ false).</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <dfn id=dom-window-locationbar title=dom-window-locationbar><code>locationbar</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ <a href=#the-location-bar-barprop-object>the location bar <code>BarProp</code> object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-window-menubar title=dom-window-menubar><code>menubar</code></dfn> attribute must return <a href=#the-menu-bar-barprop-object>the
+ menu bar <code>BarProp</code> object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-window-personalbar title=dom-window-personalbar><code>personalbar</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ <a href=#the-personal-bar-barprop-object>the personal bar <code>BarProp</code> object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-window-scrollbars title=dom-window-scrollbars><code>scrollbars</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ <a href=#the-scrollbar-barprop-object>the scrollbar <code>BarProp</code> object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-window-statusbar title=dom-window-statusbar><code>statusbar</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ <a href=#the-status-bar-barprop-object>the status bar <code>BarProp</code> object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-window-toolbar title=dom-window-toolbar><code>toolbar</code></dfn> attribute must return <a href=#the-toolbar-barprop-object>the
+ toolbar <code>BarProp</code> object</a>.</p>
+
+<!--
+ <p>For legacy reasons, the <dfn title="dom-window-directories"><code>directories</code></dfn>
+ attribute must also return <span>the personal bar <code>BarProp</code> object</span>.</p>
+-->
+
+ <hr><p>For historical reasons, the <dfn id=dom-window-status title=dom-window-status><code>status</code></dfn> attribute
+ on the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object must, on getting, return the last string it was set to, and on
+ setting, must set itself to the new value. When the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object is created, the
+ attribute must be set to the empty string. It does not do anything else.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-windowproxy-object><span class=secno>7.2.8 </span>The <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object</h4>
+
+
+ <p>As mentioned earlier, each <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has a
+ <dfn id=windowproxy><code>WindowProxy</code></dfn> object. This object is unusual in that all operations that
+ would be performed on it must be performed on the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a> instead. It is thus indistinguishable from that
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object in every way until the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is navigated.</p>
+
+ <p>There is no <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> interface object.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object allows scripts to act as if each
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> had a single <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, while still keeping
+ separate <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects for each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the variable <var title="">x</var> is set to the
+ <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object returned by the <code title=dom-window><a href=#dom-window>window</a></code> accessor
+ on the global object. All of the expressions following the assignment return true, because in
+ every respect, the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object acts like the underlying <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ object.</p>
+
+ <pre>var x = window;
+x instanceof Window; // true
+x === this; // true</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Security-->
+ <h3 id=origin-0><span class=secno>7.3 </span>Origin</h3>
+ <!-- Hallowed are the Ori -->
+
+ <p>Origins are the fundamental currency of the Web's security model. Two actors in the Web
+ platform that share an origin are assumed to trust each other and to have the same authority.
+ Actors with differing origins are considered potentially hostile versus each other, and are
+ isolated from each other to varying degrees.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if Example Bank's Web site, hosted at <code title="">bank.example.com</code>, tries to examine the DOM of Example Charity's Web site, hosted
+ at <code title="">charity.example.org</code>, a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception will be
+ raised.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=origin>origin</dfn> of a resource and the <dfn id=effective-script-origin>effective script origin</dfn> of a resource
+ are both either opaque identifiers or tuples consisting of a scheme component, a host component, a
+ port component, and optionally extra data.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The extra data could include the certificate of the site when using encrypted
+ connections, to ensure that if the site's secure certificate changes, the origin is considered to
+ change as well.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>An <a href=#origin>origin</a> or <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> can be defined as an <dfn id=concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</dfn> to another <a href=#origin>origin</a> or <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script
+ origin</a>. The value of the <a href=#origin>origin</a> or <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> is
+ then the value of the <a href=#origin>origin</a> or <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> to which it is
+ an alias.</p>
+
+ <p>These characteristics are defined as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>For URLs</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> and <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> of the <a href=#url>URL</a> are
+ the origin defined in <cite>The Web Origin Concept</cite>. <a href=#refsORIGIN>[ORIGIN]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>For <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt id=sandboxOrigin>If a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> has
+ its <a href=#sandboxed-origin-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed origin browsing context flag</a> set</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> is a globally unique identifier assigned when the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> is initially an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> was served over the network and has an address that uses a URL
+ scheme with a server-based naming authority</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> is an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> of <a href="#the-document's-address">the <code>Document</code>'s address</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> is initially an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> was generated from a <a href=#data-protocol title="data protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URL</a> found in another <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> or in a script</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> is an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a> when the <a href=#navigate>navigate</a>
+ algorithm was invoked, or, if no <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> was involved, of
+ the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the element that initiated the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> to that <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> is initially an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> of that
+ same <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> or <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is the initial "<code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>" document</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> and <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> are <a href=#about-blank-origin>those it was assigned when its
+ browsing context was created</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> was created as part of the processing for <a href=#javascript-protocol title="javascript protocol"><code>javascript:</code> URLs</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> is an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ being navigated when the <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm was invoked.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> is initially an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> of that
+ same <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> is initially an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> was obtained in some other manner (e.g. a <a href=#data-protocol title="data
+ protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URL</a> typed in by the user or that was returned as
+ the location of an HTTP redirect (<a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or
+ equivalent</a> in other protocols), a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> created using the <code title=dom-DOMImplementation-createDocument><a href=#dom-domimplementation-createdocument>createDocument()</a></code> API, etc)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The default behavior as defined in the DOM standard applies. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> is a globally unique identifier assigned when the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created, and the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> is initially an
+ <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>The <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> can be
+ manipulated using the <code title=dom-document-domain><a href=#dom-document-domain>document.domain</a></code> IDL
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>For images of <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the image data is <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> is a globally unique identifier assigned when the image is
+ created.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the image data is <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> is an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</dd>
+
+ <!-- all image loads go through the "potentially CORS-enabled fetch" algorithm so they're all
+ either CORS-cross-origin or CORS-same-origin if they succeed at all -->
+
+ </dl><p>Images do not have an <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>For <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> elements</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> is <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> is a globally unique identifier assigned when the <a href=#media-data>media
+ data</a> is <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#media-data>media data</a> is <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> is an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#media-element>media element</a>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p><a href=#media-element title="media element">Media elements</a> do not have an <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script
+ origin</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>For fonts</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> of a downloadable Web font is an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> used to obtain the font (after any redirects). <a href=#refsCSSFONTS>[CSSFONTS]</a>
+ <a href=#refsCSSFONTLOAD>[CSSFONTLOAD]</a></p> <!-- this means you can get data from a remote
+ site if you can make it redirect to your own site in some fashion controlled by the data you
+ want to read -->
+
+ <p>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> of a locally installed system font is an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a> to the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in which that font is being used.</p>
+
+ <p>Fonts do not have an <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Other specifications can override the above definitions by themselves specifying the origin of
+ a particular <a href=#url>URL</a>, <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, image, <a href=#media-element>media element</a>, or
+ font.</p>
+
+ <!-- e.g.:
+
+ <p>The <span>origin</span> of a <code>Document</code> object returned by the
+ <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> API is an <span title="concept-origin-alias">alias</span> to the
+ <span>XMLHttpRequest origin</span> of the <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> object.</p>
+
+ -->
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=unicode-serialization-of-an-origin>Unicode serialization of an origin</dfn> is the string obtained by applying the
+ following algorithm to the given <a href=#origin>origin</a>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#origin>origin</a> in question is not a scheme/host/port tuple, then return the
+ literal string "<code title="">null</code>" and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, let <var title="">result</var> be the scheme part of the <a href=#origin>origin</a>
+ tuple.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the string "<code title="">://</code>" to <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Apply the <a href=#domain-label-to-unicode>domain label to Unicode</a> algorithm to each component of the host
+ part of the <a href=#origin>origin</a> tuple, and append the results &mdash; each component, in the same
+ order, separated by U+002E FULL STOP characters (.) &mdash; to <var title="">result</var>. <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the port part of the <a href=#origin>origin</a> tuple gives a port that is different from the
+ default port for the protocol given by the scheme part of the <a href=#origin>origin</a> tuple, then
+ append a U+003A COLON character (:) and the given port, in base ten, to <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=ascii-serialization-of-an-origin>ASCII serialization of an origin</dfn> is the string obtained by applying the
+ following algorithm to the given <a href=#origin>origin</a>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#origin>origin</a> in question is not a scheme/host/port tuple, then return the
+ literal string "<code title="">null</code>" and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, let <var title="">result</var> be the scheme part of the <a href=#origin>origin</a>
+ tuple.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append the string "<code title="">://</code>" to <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Apply the <a href=#domain-label-to-ascii>domain label to ASCII</a> algorithm to each component of the host part of
+ the <a href=#origin>origin</a> tuple, and append the results &mdash; each component, in the same order,
+ separated by U+002E FULL STOP characters (.) &mdash; to <var title="">result</var>. <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If the ToASCII algorithm used by the <a href=#domain-label-to-ascii>domain label to ASCII</a> algorithm fails to
+ convert one of the components of the string, e.g. because it is too long or because it contains
+ invalid characters, then throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps. <a href=#refsRFC3490>[RFC3490]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the port part of the <a href=#origin>origin</a> tuple gives a port that is different from the
+ default port for the protocol given by the scheme part of the <a href=#origin>origin</a> tuple, then
+ append a U+003A COLON character (:) and the given port, in base ten, to <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">result</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Two <a href=#origin title=origin>origins</a> are said to be the <dfn id=same-origin>same origin</dfn> if the
+ following algorithm returns true:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">A</var> be the first <a href=#origin>origin</a> being compared, and <var title="">B</var> be the second <a href=#origin>origin</a> being compared.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">A</var> and <var title="">B</var> are both opaque identifiers, and their
+ value is equal, then return true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if either <var title="">A</var> or <var title="">B</var> or both are opaque
+ identifiers, return false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">A</var> and <var title="">B</var> have scheme components that are not
+ identical, return false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">A</var> and <var title="">B</var> have host components that are not
+ identical, return false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">A</var> and <var title="">B</var> have port components that are not
+ identical, return false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If either <var title="">A</var> or <var title="">B</var> have additional data, but that
+ data is not identical for both, return false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return true.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=relaxing-the-same-origin-restriction><span class=secno>7.3.1 </span>Relaxing the same-origin restriction</h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-domain><a href=#dom-document-domain>domain</a></code> [ = <var title="">domain</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current domain used for security checks.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set to a value that removes subdomains, to change the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script
+ origin</a> to allow pages on other subdomains of the same domain (if they do the same thing)
+ to access each other. (Can't be set in sandboxed <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>s.)</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-domain title=dom-document-domain><code>domain</code></dfn> attribute on
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects must be initialised to <a href="#the-document's-domain">the document's domain</a>, if it has
+ one, and the empty string otherwise. If <a href="#the-document's-domain">the document's domain</a> starts with a U+005B
+ LEFT SQUARE BRACKET character ([) and ends with a U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET character (]), it is
+ an IPv6 address; these square brackets must be omitted when initializing the attribute's
+ value.</p>
+
+ <p>On getting, the attribute must return its current value, unless the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has
+ no <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, in which case it must return the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>On setting, the user agent must run the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has no <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, throw a
+ <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> has its
+ <a href=#sandboxed-document.domain-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed <code title=dom-document-domain>document.domain</code> browsing context
+ flag</a> set, throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the new value is an IPv4 or IPv6 address, let <var title="">new value</var> be the new
+ value.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#strictly-split-a-string title="strictly split a string">strictly split</a> the new value on
+ U+002E FULL STOP characters (.), apply the <a href=#domain-label-to-ascii>domain label to ASCII</a> algorithm to each
+ returned token, and let <var title="">new value</var> be the result of concatenating the
+ results of applying that algorithm to each token, in the same order, separated by U+002E FULL
+ STOP characters (.). <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If the ToASCII algorithm used by the <a href=#domain-label-to-ascii>domain label to ASCII</a> algorithm fails to
+ convert one of the components of the string, e.g. because it is too long or because it contains
+ invalid characters, then throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps. <a href=#refsRFC3490>[RFC3490]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">new value</var> is not exactly equal to the current value of the <code title=dom-document-domain><a href=#dom-document-domain>document.domain</a></code> attribute, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the current value is an IPv4 or IPv6 address, throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code>
+ exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">new value</var>, prefixed by a U+002E FULL STOP (.), does not exactly
+ match the end of the current value, throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort
+ these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the <var title="">new value</var> is an IPv4 or IPv6 address, it cannot
+ match the <var title="">new value</var> in this way and thus an exception will be thrown
+ here.</p>
+
+ <!-- this is the step that prevents us from ever setting document.domain if the >effective
+ script origin< isn't a scheme/host/port tuple -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">new value</var> matches a suffix in the Public Suffix List, or, if <var title="">new value</var>, prefixed by a U+002E FULL STOP (.), matches the end of a suffix in
+ the Public Suffix List, then throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these
+ steps. <a href=#refsPSL>[PSL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Suffixes must be compared in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> manner, after applying
+ the <a href=#domain-label-to-ascii>domain label to ASCII</a> algorithm to their individual components, . <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Release the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set the attribute's value to <var title="">new value</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is an <a href=#concept-origin-alias title=concept-origin-alias>alias</a>, set it to the value of the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script
+ origin</a> (essentially de-aliasing the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a>).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">new value</var> is not the empty string, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Set the host part of the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> tuple of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> to <var title="">new value</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set the port part of the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> tuple of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> to "manual override" (a value that, for the purposes of <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">comparing origins</a>, is identical to "manual override" but not
+ identical to any other value).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id="the-document's-domain" title="the document's domain">domain</dfn> of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is the host part
+ of the document's <a href=#origin>origin</a>, if the value of that <a href=#origin>origin</a> is a
+ scheme/host/port tuple. If it isn't, then the document does not have a domain.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=dom-document-domain><a href=#dom-document-domain>domain</a></code> attribute is used to enable
+ pages on different hosts of a domain to access each others' DOMs.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>Do not use the <code title=dom-document-domain><a href=#dom-document-domain>document.domain</a></code>
+ attribute when using shared hosting. If an untrusted third party is able to host an HTTP server at
+ the same IP address but on a different port, then the same-origin protection that normally
+ protects two different sites on the same host will fail, as the ports are ignored when comparing
+ origins after the <code title=dom-document-domain><a href=#dom-document-domain>document.domain</a></code> attribute has been
+ used.</p>
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <h3 id=sandboxing><span class=secno>7.4 </span>Sandboxing</h3>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=sandboxing-flag-set>sandboxing flag set</dfn> is a set of zero or more of the following flags, which are
+ used to restrict the abilities that potentially untrusted resources have:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The <dfn id=sandboxed-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed navigation browsing context flag</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag <a href=#sandboxLinks>prevents content from navigating browsing contexts other
+ than the sandboxed browsing context itself</a> (or browsing contexts further nested inside it),
+ <a href=#auxiliary-browsing-context title="auxiliary browsing context">auxiliary browsing contexts</a> (which are protected
+ by the <a href=#sandboxed-auxiliary-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed auxiliary navigation browsing context flag</a> defined next), and the
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> (which is protected by the <a href=#sandboxed-top-level-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed top-level
+ navigation browsing context flag</a> defined below).</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#sandboxed-auxiliary-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed auxiliary navigation browsing context flag</a> is not set, then in
+ certain cases the restrictions nonetheless allow popups (new <a href=#top-level-browsing-context title="top-level browsing
+ context">top-level browsing contexts</a>) to be opened. These <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing
+ context">browsing contexts</a> always have <dfn id=one-permitted-sandboxed-navigator>one permitted sandboxed navigator</dfn>, set
+ when the browsing context is created, which allows the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> that
+ created them to actually navigate them. (Otherwise, the <a href=#sandboxed-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed navigation browsing
+ context flag</a> would prevent them from being navigated even if they were opened.)</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=sandboxed-auxiliary-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed auxiliary navigation browsing context flag</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag <a href=#sandboxWindowOpen>prevents content from creating new auxiliary browsing
+ contexts</a>, e.g. using the <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code> attribute, the
+ <code title=dom-open><a href=#dom-open>window.open()</a></code> method, or the <code title=dom-showModalDialog><a href=#dom-showmodaldialog>showModalDialog()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=sandboxed-top-level-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed top-level navigation browsing context flag</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag <a href=#sandboxLinks>prevents content from navigating their <span>top-level
+ browsing context</span></a> and <a href=#sandboxClose>prevents content from closing their
+ <span>top-level browsing context</span></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <a href=#sandboxed-top-level-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed top-level navigation browsing context flag</a> is <em>not</em>
+ set, content can navigate its <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, but other <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing contexts</a> are still protected by the <a href=#sandboxed-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed
+ navigation browsing context flag</a> and possibly the <a href=#sandboxed-auxiliary-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed auxiliary navigation
+ browsing context flag</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=sandboxed-plugins-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed plugins browsing context flag</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag prevents content from instantiating <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a>, whether
+ using <a href=#sandboxPluginEmbed>the <code>embed</code> element</a>, <a href=#sandboxPluginObject>the <code>object</code> element</a>, <a href=#sandboxPluginApplet>the <code>applet</code> element</a>, or through <a href=#sandboxPluginNavigate>navigation</a> of a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, unless
+ those <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> can be <a href=#concept-plugin-secure title=concept-plugin-secure>secured</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=sandboxed-seamless-iframes-flag>sandboxed seamless iframes flag</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag prevents content from using the <code title=attr-iframe-seamless><a href=#attr-iframe-seamless>seamless</a></code>
+ attribute on descendant <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This prevents a page inserted using the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin>allow-same-origin</a></code> keyword from using a
+ CSS-selector-based method of probing the DOM of other pages on the same site (in particular,
+ pages that contain user-sensitive information).</p>
+
+ <!-- http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-web-security/2009Dec/thread.html#msg51 -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=sandboxed-origin-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed origin browsing context flag</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag <a href=#sandboxOrigin>forces content into a unique origin</a>, thus preventing
+ it from accessing other content from the same <a href=#origin>origin</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>This flag also <a href=#sandboxCookies>prevents script from reading from or writing to the
+ <code title=dom-document-cookie>document.cookie</code> IDL attribute</a>, and blocks access to
+ <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code>.
+ </p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=sandboxed-forms-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed forms browsing context flag</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag <a href=#sandboxSubmitBlocked>blocks form submission</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=sandboxed-pointer-lock-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed pointer lock browsing context flag</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag disables the Pointer Lock API. <a href=#refsPOINTERLOCK>[POINTERLOCK]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=sandboxed-scripts-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed scripts browsing context flag</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag <a href=#sandboxScriptBlocked>blocks script execution</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=sandboxed-automatic-features-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed automatic features browsing context flag</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag blocks features that trigger automatically, such as <a href=#attr-media-autoplay title=attr-media-autoplay>automatically playing a video</a> or <a href=#attr-fe-autofocus title=attr-fe-autofocus>automatically focusing a form control</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=sandboxed-fullscreen-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed fullscreen browsing context flag</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag prevents content from using the <code title=dom-element-requestFullscreen><a href=#dom-element-requestfullscreen>requestFullscreen()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=sandboxed-document.domain-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed <code title=dom-document-domain>document.domain</code> browsing context flag</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This flag prevents content from using the <code title=dom-document-domain><a href=#dom-document-domain>document.domain</a></code> feature to change the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script
+ origin</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ </dl><p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=parse-a-sandboxing-directive>parse a sandboxing directive</dfn>, given a string <var title="">input</var>, a <a href=#sandboxing-flag-set>sandboxing flag set</a> <var title="">output</var>, and
+ optionally an <var title="">allow fullscreen flag</var>, it must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#split-a-string-on-spaces title="split a string on spaces">Split <var title="">input</var> on spaces</a>,
+ to obtain <var title="">tokens</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be empty.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Add the following flags to <var title="">output</var>:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>The <a href=#sandboxed-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed navigation browsing context flag</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#sandboxed-auxiliary-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed auxiliary navigation browsing context flag</a>, unless <var title="">tokens</var> contains the <dfn id=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-popups title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-popups><code>allow-popups</code></dfn> keyword.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#sandboxed-top-level-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed top-level navigation browsing context flag</a>, unless <var title="">tokens</var> contains the <dfn id=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-top-navigation title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-top-navigation><code>allow-top-navigation</code></dfn>
+ keyword.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#sandboxed-plugins-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed plugins browsing context flag</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#sandboxed-seamless-iframes-flag>sandboxed seamless iframes flag</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#sandboxed-origin-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed origin browsing context flag</a>, unless the <var title="">tokens</var> contains the <dfn id=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin><code>allow-same-origin</code></dfn>
+ keyword.</p>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin>allow-same-origin</a></code> keyword
+ is intended for two cases.</p>
+
+ <p>First, it can be used to allow content from the same site to be sandboxed to disable
+ scripting, while still allowing access to the DOM of the sandboxed content.</p>
+
+ <p>Second, it can be used to embed content from a third-party site, sandboxed to prevent that
+ site from opening pop-up windows, etc, without preventing the embedded page from
+ communicating back to its originating site, using the database APIs to store data, etc.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#sandboxed-forms-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed forms browsing context flag</a>, unless <var title="">tokens</var> contains the <dfn id=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-forms title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-forms><code>allow-forms</code></dfn> keyword.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#sandboxed-pointer-lock-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed pointer lock browsing context flag</a>, unless <var title="">tokens</var> contains the <dfn id=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-pointer-lock title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-pointer-lock><code>allow-pointer-lock</code></dfn>
+ keyword.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#sandboxed-scripts-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed scripts browsing context flag</a>, unless <var title="">tokens</var> contains the <dfn id=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts><code>allow-scripts</code></dfn> keyword.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#sandboxed-automatic-features-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed automatic features browsing context flag</a>, unless <var title="">tokens</var> contains the <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts>allow-scripts</a></code> keyword (defined above).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This flag is relaxed by the same keyword as scripts, because when scripts are
+ enabled these features are trivially possible anyway, and it would be unfortunate to force
+ authors to use script to do them when sandboxed rather than allowing them to use the
+ declarative features.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#sandboxed-fullscreen-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed fullscreen browsing context flag</a>, unless the <var title="">allow fullscreen flag</var> was passed to the <a href=#parse-a-sandboxing-directive>parse a sandboxing
+ directive</a> flag.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#sandboxed-document.domain-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed <code title=dom-document-domain>document.domain</code> browsing
+ context flag</a>.</li>
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>Every <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> has a <dfn id=popup-sandboxing-flag-set>popup sandboxing flag set</dfn>, which
+ is a <a href=#sandboxing-flag-set>sandboxing flag set</a>. When a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is created, its
+ <a href=#popup-sandboxing-flag-set>popup sandboxing flag set</a> must be empty. It is populated by <a href=#the-rules-for-choosing-a-browsing-context-given-a-browsing-context-name>the rules for
+ choosing a browsing context given a browsing context name</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Every <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> has an <dfn id=iframe-sandboxing-flag-set><code>iframe</code> sandboxing flag
+ set</dfn>, which is a <a href=#sandboxing-flag-set>sandboxing flag set</a>. Which flags in a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>'s <a href=#iframe-sandboxing-flag-set><code>iframe</code> sandboxing flag set</a> are set at any particular
+ time is determined by the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element's <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Every <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has an <dfn id=active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</dfn>, which is a
+ <a href=#sandboxing-flag-set>sandboxing flag set</a>. When the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created, its <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active
+ sandboxing flag set</a> must be empty. It is populated by the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation
+ algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Every resource that is obtained by the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation algorithm</a> has a
+ <dfn id=forced-sandboxing-flag-set>forced sandboxing flag set</dfn>, which is a <a href=#sandboxing-flag-set>sandboxing flag set</a>. A resource by
+ default has no flags set in its <a href=#forced-sandboxing-flag-set>forced sandboxing flag set</a>, but other specifications
+ can define that certain flags are set.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In particular, the <a href=#forced-sandboxing-flag-set>forced sandboxing flag set</a> is used by the Content
+ Security Policy specification. <a href=#refsCSP>[CSP]</a></p>
+
+ <hr><p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=implement-the-sandboxing>implement the sandboxing</dfn> for a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, it
+ must populate <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> with the union of
+ the flags that are present in the following <a href=#sandboxing-flag-set title="sandboxing flag set">sandboxing flag
+ sets</a> at the time the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object is created:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing
+ context</a>, then: the flags set on the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#popup-sandboxing-flag-set>popup sandboxing
+ flag set</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>, then: the flags set on the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s
+ <a href=#iframe-sandboxing-flag-set><code>iframe</code> sandboxing flag set</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>, then: the flags set on the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent browsing
+ context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The flags set on the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s resource's <a href=#forced-sandboxing-flag-set>forced sandboxing flag
+ set</a>, if it has one.</li>
+
+ </ul><h3 id=history><span class=secno>7.5 </span>Session history and navigation</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=the-session-history-of-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>7.5.1 </span>The session history of browsing contexts</h4>
+
+ <p>The sequence of <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is its <dfn id=session-history>session
+ history</dfn>. Each <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, including <a href=#nested-browsing-context title="nested browsing
+ context">nested browsing contexts</a>, has a distinct session history. A <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>'s session history consists of a flat list of <a href=#session-history-entry title="session history
+ entry">session history entries</a>. Each <dfn id=session-history-entry>session history entry</dfn> consists, at a
+ minimum, of a <a href=#url>URL</a>, and each entry may in addition have a <a href=#state-object>state object</a>, a
+ title, a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, form data, a scroll position, and other information
+ associated with it.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Each entry, when first created, has a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>. However, when a
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not <a href=#fully-active title="fully active">active</a>, it's possible for it to be
+ <a href=#discard-a-document title="discard a Document">discarded</a> to free resources. The <a href=#url>URL</a> and
+ other data in a <a href=#session-history-entry>session history entry</a> is then used to bring a new
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> into being to take the place of the original, should the user agent find
+ itself having to reactivate that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Titles associated with <a href=#session-history-entry title="session history entry">session history
+ entries</a> need not have any relation with the current <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>. The title of a <a href=#session-history-entry>session history entry</a> is intended to explain
+ the state of the document at that point, so that the user can navigate the document's history.</p>
+
+ <p>URLs without associated <a href=#state-object title="state object">state objects</a> are added to the
+ session history as the user (or script) navigates from page to page.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#session-history>session
+ history</a> is associated with a unique <code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code> object which must all model the
+ same underlying <a href=#session-history>session history</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-history title=dom-history><code>history</code></dfn> attribute of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ interface must return the object implementing the <code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code> interface for that <a href=#concept-document-window title=concept-document-window><code>Window</code> object's newest
+ <code>Document</code></a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>A <dfn id=state-object>state object</dfn> is an object representing a user interface state.</p>
+
+ <p>Pages can <a href=#dom-history-pushstate title=dom-history-pushState>add</a> <a href=#state-object title="state object">state
+ objects</a> to the session history. These are then <a href=#event-popstate title=event-popstate>returned to the
+ script</a> when the user (or script) goes back in the history, thus enabling authors to use the
+ "navigation" metaphor even in one-page applications.</p>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p><a href=#state-object title="state object">State objects</a> are intended to be used for two main purposes:
+ first, storing a preparsed description of the state in the <a href=#url>URL</a> so that in the simple
+ case an author doesn't have to do the parsing (though one would still need the parsing for
+ handling <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> passed around by users, so it's only a minor
+ optimization), and second, so that the author can store state that one wouldn't store in the URL
+ because it only applies to the current <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> instance and it would have to be
+ reconstructed if a new <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> were opened.</p>
+
+ <p>An example of the latter would be something like keeping track of the precise coordinate from
+ which a pop-up <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> was made to animate, so that if the user goes back, it can be
+ made to animate to the same location. Or alternatively, it could be used to keep a pointer into a
+ cache of data that would be fetched from the server based on the information in the
+ <a href=#url>URL</a>, so that when going back and forward, the information doesn't have to be fetched
+ again.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>At any point, one of the entries in the session history is the <dfn id=current-entry>current entry</dfn>. This
+ is the entry representing the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.
+ Which entry is the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> is changed by the algorithms defined in this
+ specification, e.g. during <a href=#traverse-the-history title="traverse the history">session history
+ traversal</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> is usually an entry for the <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the
+ document's address">address</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>. However, it can also be one of
+ the entries for <a href=#state-object title="state object">state objects</a> added to the history by that
+ document.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=an-entry-with-persisted-user-state>An entry with persisted user state</dfn> is one that also has user-agent defined state.
+ This specification does not specify what kind of state can be stored.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, some user agents might want to persist the scroll position, or the
+ values of form controls.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>User agents that persist the value of form controls are encouraged to also persist
+ their directionality (the value of the element's <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute).
+ This prevents values from being displayed incorrectly after a history traversal when the user had
+ originally entered the values with an explicit, non-default directionality.</p>
+
+ <p>Entries that consist of <a href=#state-object title="state object">state objects</a> share the same
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> as the entry for the page that was active when they were added.</p>
+
+ <p>Contiguous entries that differ just by fragment identifier also share the same
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>All entries that share the same <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> (and that are therefore
+ merely different states of one particular document) are contiguous by definition.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> can also have a <dfn id=latest-entry>latest
+ entry</dfn>. This is the entry or that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that was most the recently traversed
+ to. When a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created, it initially has no <a href=#latest-entry>latest entry</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents may <a href=#discard-a-document title="discard a Document">discard</a> the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ objects of entries other than the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> that are not referenced from any
+ script, reloading the pages afresh when the user or script navigates back to such pages. This
+ specification does not specify when user agents should discard <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects and
+ when they should cache them.</p>
+
+ <p>Entries that have had their <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects discarded must, for the purposes of
+ the algorithms given below, act as if they had not. When the user or script navigates back or
+ forwards to a page which has no in-memory DOM objects, any other entries that shared the same
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object with it must share the new object as well.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <h4 id=the-history-interface><span class=secno>7.5.2 </span>The <code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code> interface</h4>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=history-0>History</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute long <a href=#dom-history-length title=dom-history-length>length</a>;
+ readonly attribute any <a href=#dom-history-state title=dom-history-state>state</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-history-go title=dom-history-go>go</a>(optional long delta);
+ void <a href=#dom-history-back title=dom-history-back>back</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-history-forward title=dom-history-forward>forward</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-history-pushstate title=dom-history-pushState>pushState</a>(any data, DOMString title, optional DOMString? url = null);
+ void <a href=#dom-history-replacestate title=dom-history-replaceState>replaceState</a>(any data, DOMString title, optional DOMString? url = null);
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-history><a href=#dom-history>history</a></code> . <code title=dom-history-length><a href=#dom-history-length>length</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the number of entries in the <a href=#joint-session-history>joint session history</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-history><a href=#dom-history>history</a></code> . <code title=dom-history-state><a href=#dom-history-state>state</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current <a href=#state-object>state object</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-history><a href=#dom-history>history</a></code> . <code title=dom-history-go><a href=#dom-history-go>go</a></code>( [ <var title="">delta</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Goes back or forward the specified number of steps in the <a href=#joint-session-history>joint session history</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A zero delta will reload the current page.</p>
+
+ <p>If the delta is out of range, does nothing.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-history><a href=#dom-history>history</a></code> . <code title=dom-history-back><a href=#dom-history-back>back</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Goes back one step in the <a href=#joint-session-history>joint session history</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If there is no previous page, does nothing.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-history><a href=#dom-history>history</a></code> . <code title=dom-history-forward><a href=#dom-history-forward>forward</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Goes forward one step in the <a href=#joint-session-history>joint session history</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If there is no next page, does nothing.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-history><a href=#dom-history>history</a></code> . <code title=dom-history-pushState><a href=#dom-history-pushstate>pushState</a></code>(<var title="">data</var>, <var title="">title</var> [, <var title="">url</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pushes the given data onto the session history, with the given title, and, if provided and
+ not null, the given URL.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-history><a href=#dom-history>history</a></code> . <code title=dom-history-replaceState><a href=#dom-history-replacestate>replaceState</a></code>(<var title="">data</var>, <var title="">title</var> [, <var title="">url</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Updates the current entry in the session history to have the given data, title, and, if
+ provided and not null, URL.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><!--TOPIC:HTML--><p>The <dfn id=joint-session-history>joint session history</dfn> of a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> is the union
+ of all the <a href=#session-history title="session history">session histories</a> of all <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing
+ context">browsing contexts</a> of all the <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ objects that share that <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, with all the entries that are
+ <a href=#current-entry title="current entry">current entries</a> in their respective <a href=#session-history title="session
+ history">session histories</a> removed except for the <a href=#current-entry-of-the-joint-session-history>current entry of the joint session
+ history</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=current-entry-of-the-joint-session-history>current entry of the joint session history</dfn> is the entry that most recently
+ became a <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> in its <a href=#session-history>session history</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Entries in the <a href=#joint-session-history>joint session history</a> are ordered chronologically by the time they
+ were added to their respective <a href=#session-history title="session history">session histories</a>. Each entry
+ has an index; the earliest entry has index 0, and the subsequent entries are numbered with
+ consecutively increasing integers (1, 2, 3, etc).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Since each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> might have a
+ different <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>, the actual state of the <a href=#joint-session-history>joint session history</a> can
+ be somewhat nebulous. For example, two sibling <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements could both <a href=#traverse-the-history title="traverse the history">traverse</a> from one unique origin to another at the same time,
+ so their precise order might not be well-defined; similarly, since they might only find out about
+ each other later, they might disagree about the length of the <a href=#joint-session-history>joint session
+ history</a>.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <p>All the getters and setters for attributes, and all the methods, defined on the
+ <code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code> interface, when invoked on a <code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code> object associated with a
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that is not <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>, must throw a
+ <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception instead of operating as described below.</p>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-history-length title=dom-history-length><code>length</code></dfn> attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code> interface must return the number of entries in the <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing
+ context</a>'s <a href=#joint-session-history>joint session history</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The actual entries are not accessible from script.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-history-state title=dom-history-state><code>state</code></dfn> attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code> interface must return the last value it was set to by the user agent.
+ Initially, its value must be null.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-history-go title=dom-history-go><code>go(<var title="">delta</var>)</code></dfn> method is
+ invoked, if the argument to the method was omitted or has the value zero, the user agent must act
+ as if the <code title=dom-location-reload><a href=#dom-location-reload>location.reload()</a></code> method was called instead.
+ Otherwise, the user agent must <a href=#traverse-the-history-by-a-delta>traverse the history by a delta</a> whose value is the
+ value of the method's argument.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-history-back title=dom-history-back><code>back()</code></dfn> method is invoked, the user
+ agent must <a href=#traverse-the-history-by-a-delta>traverse the history by a delta</a> &minus;1.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-history-forward title=dom-history-forward><code>forward()</code></dfn>method is invoked, the
+ user agent must <a href=#traverse-the-history-by-a-delta>traverse the history by a delta</a> +1.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <hr><p>Each <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> has a <dfn id=session-history-traversal-queue>session history traversal queue</dfn>,
+ initially empty, to which <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> can be added.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, when created, must asynchronously begin running
+ the following algorithm, known as the <dfn id=session-history-event-loop>session history event loop</dfn> for that
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Wait until this <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>'s <a href=#session-history-traversal-queue>session history traversal
+ queue</a> is not empty.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pull the first <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> from this <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing
+ context</a>'s <a href=#session-history-traversal-queue>session history traversal queue</a>, and execute it.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the first step of this algorithm.</p>
+
+ </ol><p>The <a href=#session-history-event-loop>session history event loop</a> helps coordinate cross-browsing-context transitions
+ of the <a href=#joint-session-history>joint session history</a>: since each <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> might, at any
+ particular time, have a different <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> (this can happen if the user agent has
+ more than one <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> per <a href=#unit-of-related-browsing-contexts>unit of related browsing contexts</a>),
+ transitions would otherwise have to involve cross-event-loop synchronisation.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>To <dfn id=traverse-the-history-by-a-delta>traverse the history by a delta</dfn> <var title="">delta</var>, the user agent must
+ append a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> to this <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>'s
+ <a href=#session-history-traversal-queue>session history traversal queue</a>, the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>
+ consisting of running the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">delta</var> be the argument to the method.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the index of the <a href=#current-entry-of-the-joint-session-history>current entry of the joint session history</a> plus <var title="">delta</var> is less than zero or greater than or equal to the number of items in the
+ <a href=#joint-session-history>joint session history</a>, then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">specified entry</var> be the entry in the <a href=#joint-session-history>joint session
+ history</a> whose index is the sum of <var title="">delta</var> and the index of the
+ <a href=#current-entry-of-the-joint-session-history>current entry of the joint session history</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">specified browsing context</var> be the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> of
+ the <var title="">specified entry</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">specified browsing context</var>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s
+ <a href=#unload-a-document>unload a document</a> algorithm is currently running, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> that consists of running the following substeps. The relevant
+ <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> is that of the <var title="">specified browsing context</var>'s
+ <a href=#active-document>active document</a>. The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the queued task is the
+ <a href=#history-traversal-task-source>history traversal task source</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If there is an ongoing attempt to navigate <var title="">specified browsing context</var>
+ that has not yet <a href=#concept-navigate-mature title=concept-navigate-mature>matured</a> (i.e. it has not passed the
+ point of making its <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> the <a href=#active-document>active document</a>), then cancel that
+ attempt to navigate the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">specified browsing context</var>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a> is not
+ the same <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> as the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <var title="">specified
+ entry</var>, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#fully-exit-fullscreen>Fully exit fullscreen</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#prompt-to-unload-a-document title="prompt to unload a document">Prompt to unload</a> the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> of the <var title="">specified browsing context</var>. If the user
+ <a href=#refused-to-allow-the-document-to-be-unloaded>refused to allow the document to be unloaded</a>, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#unload-a-document title="unload a document">Unload</a> the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the
+ <var title="">specified browsing context</var> with the <var title="">recycle</var> parameter
+ set to false.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#traverse-the-history>Traverse the history</a> of the <var title="">specified browsing context</var> to
+ the <var title="">specified entry</var>.</p>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the user navigates through a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, e.g. using a browser's back
+ and forward buttons, the user agent must <a href=#traverse-the-history-by-a-delta>traverse the history by a delta</a> equivalent
+ to the action specified by the user.</p>
+
+ <hr><!--TOPIC:DOM APIs--><p>The <dfn id=dom-history-pushstate title=dom-history-pushState><code>pushState(<var title="">data</var>, <var title="">title</var>, <var title="">url</var>)</code></dfn> method adds a state object entry to
+ the history.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-history-replacestate title=dom-history-replaceState><code>replaceState(<var title="">data</var>, <var title="">title</var>, <var title="">url</var>)</code></dfn> method updates the state object,
+ title, and optionally the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> in the history.</p>
+
+ <p>When either of these methods is invoked, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">cloned data</var> be a <a href=#structured-clone>structured clone</a> of the specified
+ <var title="">data</var>. If this throws an exception, then rethrow that exception and abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the third argument is not null, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the value of the third argument, relative to
+ the <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>If that fails, throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>Compare the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> to the result of applying the <a href=#url-parser>URL
+ parser</a> algorithm to <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a>. If any component of these two
+ <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> differ other than the <a href=#concept-url-path title=concept-url-path>path</a>, <a href=#concept-url-query title=concept-url-query>query</a>, and <a href=#concept-url-fragment title=concept-url-fragment>fragment</a> components, then throw a
+ <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>If the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> is not the same as
+ the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry
+ settings object</a>, and either the <a href=#concept-url-path title=concept-url-path>path</a> or <a href=#concept-url-query title=concept-url-query>query</a> components of the two <a href=#parsed-url title="parsed URL">parsed
+ URLs</a> compared in the previous step differ, throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception
+ and abort these steps. (This prevents sandboxed content from spoofing other pages on the same
+ origin.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new URL</var> be the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>For the purposes of the comparisons in the above substeps, the <a href=#concept-url-path title=concept-url-path>path</a> and <a href=#concept-url-query title=concept-url-query>query</a> components
+ can only be the same if the <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a> component of both
+ <a href=#parsed-url title="parsed URL">parsed URLs</a> are <a href=#concept-url-scheme-relative title=concept-url-scheme-relative>relative schemes</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the third argument is null, then let <var title="">new URL</var> be the <a href=#url>URL</a>
+ of the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the method invoked was the <code title=dom-history-pushState><a href=#dom-history-pushstate>pushState()</a></code>
+ method:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Remove all the entries in the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#session-history>session history</a>
+ after the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>. If the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> is the last entry in
+ the session history, then no entries are removed.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This <a href=#history-notes>doesn't necessarily have to affect</a> the user
+ agent's user interface.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> queued by the <a href=#history-traversal-task-source>history traversal
+ task source</a> that are associated with any <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects in the
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>'s <a href=#document-family>document family</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If appropriate, update the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> to reflect any state that the user
+ agent wishes to persist. The entry is then said to be <a href=#an-entry-with-persisted-user-state>an entry with persisted user
+ state</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add a <a href=#state-object>state object</a> entry to the session history, after the <a href=#current-entry>current
+ entry</a>, with <var title="">cloned data</var> as the <a href=#state-object>state object</a>, the given
+ <var title="">title</var> as the title, and <var title="">new URL</var> as the <a href=#url>URL</a>
+ of the entry.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Update the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> to be this newly added entry.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, if the method invoked was the <code title=dom-history-replaceState><a href=#dom-history-replacestate>replaceState()</a></code> method:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Update the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> in the session history so that <var title="">cloned data</var> is the entry's new state object, the given <var title="">title</var>
+ is the new title, and <var title="">new URL</var> is the entry's new <a href=#url>URL</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> in the session history represents a non-GET request
+ (e.g. it was the result of a POST submission) then update it to instead represent a GET request
+ (<a href=#concept-http-equivalent-get title=concept-http-equivalent-get>or equivalent</a>).</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> to <var title="">new URL</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Since this is neither a <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> of the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> nor a <a href=#traverse-the-history title="traverse the history">history traversal</a>,
+ it does not cause a <code title=event-hashchange><a href=#event-hashchange>hashchange</a></code> event to be fired.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set <code title=dom-history-state><a href=#dom-history-state>history.state</a></code> to a <a href=#structured-clone>structured clone</a>
+ of <var title="">cloned data</var>.</p> <!-- it's a clone of /cloned data/, not /data/, so that
+ there's no risk of running scripts again -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the <a href=#latest-entry>latest entry</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <a href=#current-entry>current
+ entry</a> be the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>The <var title="">title</var> is purely advisory. User agents might use the title
+ in the user interface.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may limit the number of state objects added to the session history per page. If a
+ page hits the UA-defined limit, user agents must remove the entry immediately after the first
+ entry for that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object in the session history after having added the new
+ entry. (Thus the state history acts as a FIFO buffer for eviction, but as a LIFO buffer for
+ navigation.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider a game where the user can navigate along a line, such that the user is always at some
+ coordinate, and such that the user can bookmark the page corresponding to a particular
+ coordinate, to return to it later.</p>
+
+ <p>A static page implementing the x=5 position in such a game could look like the following:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;!-- this is http://example.com/line?x=5 --&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Line Game - 5&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;You are at coordinate 5 on the line.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;a href="?x=6"&gt;Advance to 6&lt;/a&gt; or
+ &lt;a href="?x=4"&gt;retreat to 4&lt;/a&gt;?
+&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The problem with such a system is that each time the user clicks, the whole page has to be
+ reloaded. Here instead is another way of doing it, using script:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;!-- this starts off as http://example.com/line?x=5 --&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Line Game - 5&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;You are at coordinate &lt;span id="coord"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt; on the line.&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;a href="?x=6" onclick="go(1); return false;"&gt;Advance to 6&lt;/a&gt; or
+ &lt;a href="?x=4" onclick="go(-1); return false;"&gt;retreat to 4&lt;/a&gt;?
+&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var currentPage = 5; // prefilled by server
+ function go(d) {
+ setupPage(currentPage + d);
+ history.pushState(currentPage, document.title, '?x=' + currentPage);
+ }
+ onpopstate = function(event) {
+ setupPage(event.state);
+ }
+ function setupPage(page) {
+ currentPage = page;
+ document.title = 'Line Game - ' + currentPage;
+ document.getElementById('coord').textContent = currentPage;
+ document.links[0].href = '?x=' + (currentPage+1);
+ document.links[0].textContent = 'Advance to ' + (currentPage+1);
+ document.links[1].href = '?x=' + (currentPage-1);
+ document.links[1].textContent = 'retreat to ' + (currentPage-1);
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>In systems without script, this still works like the previous example. However, users that
+ <em>do</em> have script support can now navigate much faster, since there is no network access
+ for the same experience. Furthermore, contrary to the experience the user would have with just a
+ na&iuml;ve script-based approach, bookmarking and navigating the session history still work.</p>
+
+ <p>In the example above, the <var title="">data</var> argument to the <code title=dom-history-pushState><a href=#dom-history-pushstate>pushState()</a></code> method is the same information as would be sent
+ to the server, but in a more convenient form, so that the script doesn't have to parse the URL
+ each time the user navigates.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Applications might not use the same title for a <a href=#session-history-entry>session history entry</a> as the
+ value of the document's <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element at that time. For example, here is a simple
+ page that shows a block in the <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> element. Clearly, when navigating backwards to
+ a previous state the user does not go back in time, and therefore it would be inappropriate to
+ put the time in the session history title.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;TITLE&gt;Line&lt;/TITLE&gt;
+&lt;SCRIPT&gt;
+ setInterval(function () { document.title = 'Line - ' + new Date(); }, 1000);
+ var i = 1;
+ function inc() {
+ set(i+1);
+ history.pushState(i, 'Line - ' + i);
+ }
+ function set(newI) {
+ i = newI;
+ document.forms.F.I.value = newI;
+ }
+&lt;/SCRIPT&gt;
+&lt;BODY ONPOPSTATE="set(event.state)"&gt;
+&lt;FORM NAME=F&gt;
+State: &lt;OUTPUT NAME=I&gt;1&lt;/OUTPUT&gt; &lt;INPUT VALUE="Increment" TYPE=BUTTON ONCLICK="inc()"&gt;
+&lt;/FORM&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-location-interface><span class=secno>7.5.3 </span>The <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> interface</h4>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s session history is
+ associated with a unique instance of a <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-location><a href=#dom-document-location>location</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-location><a href=#dom-location>location</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object with the current page's location.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to navigate to another page.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-location title=dom-document-location><code>location</code></dfn> attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> interface must return the <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object for that
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, if it is in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, and null otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-location title=dom-location><code>location</code></dfn> attribute of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ interface must return the <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object for that <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p><code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> objects provide a representation of <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's
+ address">the address</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of their <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, and allow the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>'s session history to be changed, by adding or replacing entries in the <code title=dom-history><a href=#dom-history>history</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Unforgeable] interface <dfn id=location>Location</dfn> {
+ void <a href=#dom-location-assign title=dom-location-assign>assign</a>(DOMString url);
+ void <a href=#dom-location-replace title=dom-location-replace>replace</a>(DOMString url);
+ void <a href=#dom-location-reload title=dom-location-reload>reload</a>();
+};
+<a href=#location>Location</a> implements <a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a>;</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">location</var> . <code title=dom-location-assign><a href=#dom-location-assign>assign</a></code>(<var title="">url</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Navigates to the given page.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">location</var> . <code title=dom-location-replace><a href=#dom-location-replace>replace</a></code>(<var title="">url</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Removes the current page from the session history and navigates to the given page.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">location</var> . <code title=dom-location-reload><a href=#dom-location-reload>reload</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Reloads the current page.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <i>relevant <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code></i> is the <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object's associated
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-location-assign title=dom-location-assign><code>assign(<var title="">url</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method is invoked, the UA must <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolve</a> the argument, relative
+ to the <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>, and if that
+ is successful, must <a href=#navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV location.href/assign--> the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> to the specified <var title="">url</var>, with <a href=#exceptions-enabled>exceptions enabled</a>. If
+ the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#session-history>session history</a> contains only one
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and that was the <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> created
+ when the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> was created, then the navigation must be done with
+ <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>.</p> <!-- READ ME WHEN EDITING THIS: IE and Firefox only seem to
+ treat it that way if the DOM is still a virgin DOM; Safari doesn't check that. Thus this might
+ need changing if testing shows the IE/Firefox behaviour is required here. -->
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-location-replace title=dom-location-replace><code>replace(<var title="">url</var>)</code></dfn> method is invoked, the UA must <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolve</a> the argument, relative to the <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a> specified by the
+ <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>, and if that is successful, <a href=#navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV
+ location.href/replace--> the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to the specified <var title="">url</var> with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a> and <a href=#exceptions-enabled>exceptions enabled</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Navigation for the <code title=dom-location-assign><a href=#dom-location-assign>assign()</a></code> and <code title=dom-location-replace><a href=#dom-location-replace>replace()</a></code> methods must be done with the <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible
+ browsing context</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a> as the
+ <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> step of the <code title=dom-location-assign><a href=#dom-location-assign>assign()</a></code> and <code title=dom-location-replace><a href=#dom-location-replace>replace()</a></code> methods is not successful, then the user agent must
+ instead throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-location-reload title=dom-location-reload><code>reload()</code></dfn> method is invoked, the
+ user agent must run the appropriate steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the currently executing <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> is the dispatch of a <code title=event-resize><a href=#event-resize>resize</a></code> event in response to the user resizing the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Repaint the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> and abort these steps.</dd> <!-- this
+ theoretically would have no effect but in practice can be useful to work around rendering bugs.
+ -->
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a> is <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an
+ <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p><a href=#process-the-iframe-attributes title="process the iframe attributes">Reprocess the <code>iframe</code>
+ attributes</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a> has its <a href=#reload-override-flag>reload
+ override flag</a> set</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Perform <a href=#an-overridden-reload>an overridden reload</a>, with the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being
+ navigated as the <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a>.</dd>
+ <!-- http://damowmow.com/playground/demos/sandbox/001.html -->
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p><a href=#navigate>Navigate</a><!--DONAV location.reload()--> the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to
+ <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a> and <a href=#exceptions-enabled>exceptions
+ enabled</a>. The <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a> must be the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> being navigated. This is a <a href=#reload-triggered-navigation>reload-triggered navigation</a>.</dd> <!--
+ it appears that document.reload() always uses GET and does not, e.g., re-POST. -->
+
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/141 defends the source browsing context claim; submit, eval document.referrer, reload, eval document.referrer. -->
+
+ </dl><p>When a user requests that the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ be reloaded through a user interface element, the user agent should <a href=#navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV
+ user reload--> the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to the same resource as that
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>. In the case of non-idempotent
+ methods (e.g. HTTP POST), the user agent should prompt the user to confirm the operation first,
+ since otherwise transactions (e.g. purchases or database modifications) could be repeated. User
+ agents may allow the user to explicitly override any caches when reloading. If <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s <a href=#reload-override-flag>reload override flag</a> is set, then the
+ user agent may instead perform <a href=#an-overridden-reload>an overridden reload</a> rather than the navigation
+ described in this paragraph (with the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being reloaded as the
+ <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>).</p>
+
+ <hr></div>
+
+ <!-- concept-uu -->
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> interface also supports the <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface. <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the object is created, and whenever the <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">the
+ address</a> of the <i>relevant <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code></i> changes, the user agent must invoke
+ the object's <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface's <a href=#concept-uu-set-the-input title=concept-uu-set-the-input>set the
+ input</a> algorithm with <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">the address</a> of the
+ <i>relevant <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code></i> as the given value.</p>
+
+ <p>The object's <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface's <a href=#concept-uu-get-the-base title=concept-uu-get-the-base>get the
+ base</a> algorithm must return the <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry
+ settings object</a>, if there is one, or null otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The object's <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface's <a href=#concept-uu-query-encoding title=concept-uu-query-encoding>query
+ encoding</a> is the <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the object's <code><a href=#urlutils>URLUtils</a></code> interface invokes its <a href=#concept-uu-update title=concept-uu-update>update steps</a> with the string <var title="">value</var>, the
+ user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If any of the following conditions are met, let <var title="">mode</var> be <i>normal
+ navigation</i>; otherwise, let it be <i>replace navigation</i>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>The <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object's <i>relevant <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code></i> has
+ <a href=#completely-loaded>completely loaded</a>, or</li>
+
+ <li>In the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in which the algorithm is running, an
+ <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> is currently being processed whose <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event was <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a>, or</li>
+
+ <li>In the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in which the algorithm is running, the event
+ listener for a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event is being handled.</li>
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">mode</var> is <i>normal navigation</i>, then act as if the <code title=dom-location-assign><a href=#dom-location-assign>assign()</a></code> method had been called with <var title="">value</var> as its argument. Otherwise, act as if the <code title=dom-location-replace><a href=#dom-location-replace>replace()</a></code> method had been called with <var title="">value</var> as its argument.</li> <!--DONAV location.href, defined in terms of the
+ paragraphs far above-->
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=security-location><span class=secno>7.5.3.1 </span>Security</h5>
+
+ <p class=critical>This section describes a security model that is underdefined, imperfect, and
+ does not match implementations. Work is ongoing to attempt to resolve this, but in the meantime,
+ please do not rely on this section for precision. Implementors are urged to send their feedback on
+ how cross-origin cross-global access to <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> and <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> objects
+ should work. See <a href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=20701">bug 20701</a>.</p>
+
+ <p id=security-3>User agents must throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception whenever any
+ properties of a <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object are accessed when the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings
+ object</a> specifies an <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> that is not the <a href=#same-origin title="same
+ origin">same</a> as the <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object's associated <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script
+ origin</a>, with the following exceptions:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The <code title=dom-url-href><a href=#dom-url-href>href</a></code> setter, if the <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing
+ context</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a> is <a href=#familiar-with>familiar with</a>
+ the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> with which the <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object is associated
+
+ <li>The <code title=dom-location-replace><a href=#dom-location-replace>replace()</a></code> method, if the <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible
+ browsing context</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a> is <a href=#familiar-with>familiar
+ with</a> the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> with which the <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object is
+ associated
+
+ <li>Any properties not defined in the IDL for the <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object or indirectly via
+ one of those properties (e.g. <code title="">toString()</code>, which is defined via the <code title="">stringifier</code> keyword), if the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> specified by
+ the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a> is the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the
+ <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object's associated <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script
+ origin</a>
+
+ </ul><p>When the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings
+ object</a> is different than a <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object's associated
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a>, the user agent must act as if any
+ changes to that <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object's properties, getters, setters, etc, were not
+ present, and as if all the properties of that <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object had their
+ [[Enumerable]] attribute set to false.</p>
+
+ <p>For members that return objects (including function objects), each distinct <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective
+ script origin</a> that is not the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code>
+ object's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> must be provided with a
+ separate set of objects. These objects must have the prototype chain appropriate for the script
+ for which the objects are created (not those that would be appropriate for scripts whose
+ <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a> specifies a <a href=#global-object>global object</a> that is the
+ <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code> object's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object).</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=history-notes><span class=secno>7.5.4 </span>Implementation notes for session history</h4>
+ <!-- don't change the ID without updating multiple internal links -->
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code> interface is not meant to place restrictions on how implementations
+ represent the session history to the user.</p>
+
+ <p>For example, session history could be implemented in a tree-like manner, with each page having
+ multiple "forward" pages. This specification doesn't define how the linear list of pages in the
+ <code title=dom-history><a href=#dom-history>history</a></code> object are derived from the actual session history as
+ seen from the user's perspective.</p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, a page containing two <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>s has a <code title=dom-history><a href=#dom-history>history</a></code> object distinct from the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>s' <code title=dom-history><a href=#dom-history>history</a></code> objects, despite the fact that typical Web browsers present the
+ user with just one "Back" button, with a session history that interleaves the navigation of the
+ two inner frames and the outer page.</p>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <p><strong>Security</strong>: It is suggested that to avoid letting a page "hijack" the history
+ navigation facilities of a UA by abusing <code title=dom-history-pushState><a href=#dom-history-pushstate>pushState()</a></code>,
+ the UA provide the user with a way to jump back to the previous page (rather than just going back
+ to the previous state). For example, the back button could have a drop down showing just the pages
+ in the session history, and not showing any of the states. Similarly, an aural browser could have
+ two "back" commands, one that goes back to the previous state, and one that jumps straight back to
+ the previous page.</p>
+
+ <p>In addition, a user agent could ignore calls to <code title=dom-history-pushState><a href=#dom-history-pushstate>pushState()</a></code> that are invoked on a timer, or from event
+ listeners that are not triggered in response to a clear user action, or that are invoked in rapid
+ succession.</p>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+ <h3 id=browsing-the-web><span class=secno>7.6 </span>Browsing the Web</h3>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=navigating-across-documents><span class=secno>7.6.1 </span>Navigating across documents</h4>
+
+ <p>Certain actions cause the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to <i><a href=#navigate>navigate</a></i> to a new resource.
+ A user agent may provide various ways for the user to explicitly cause a browsing context to
+ navigate, in addition to those defined in this specification.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, <a href=#following-hyperlinks title="following hyperlinks">following a hyperlink</a>,
+ <a href=#concept-form-submit title=concept-form-submit>form submission</a>, and the <code title=dom-open><a href=#dom-open>window.open()</a></code> and <code title=dom-location-assign><a href=#dom-location-assign>location.assign()</a></code> methods can all cause a browsing context to
+ navigate.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A <i>resource</i> has a URL, but that might not be the only information necessary
+ to identify it. For example, a form submission that uses HTTP POST would also have the HTTP method
+ and payload. Similarly, <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a> needs to know the data it is to use.</p>
+
+ <p>Navigation always involves <dfn id=source-browsing-context>source browsing context</dfn>, which is the browsing context which
+ was responsible for starting the navigation.</p>
+
+ <!-- NAVIGATE <dfn>navigate</dfn> -->
+ <!-- For places that _call_ this, as opposed to just referring to
+ it, search for "DONAV" -->
+ <p>When a browsing context is <dfn id=navigate title=navigate>navigated</dfn> to a new resource, the user
+ agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Release the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</li>
+
+ <li id=sandboxLinks>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a> is not <a href=#allowed-to-navigate>allowed to navigate</a> the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being navigated, then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p>If these steps are aborted here, the user agent may instead offer to open the new resource in
+ a new <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> or in the <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>
+ of the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>, at the user's option, in which case the user agent
+ must <a href=#navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV sandbox manual load--> that designated <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level
+ browsing context</a> to the new resource as if the user had requested it independently.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Doing so, however, can be dangerous, as it means that the user is overriding the
+ author's explicit request to sandbox the content.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm was invoked with <dfn id=exceptions-enabled>exceptions enabled</dfn>, and it
+ is aborted on this step, then in addition to aborting this algorithm, the user agent must also
+ throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li id=seamlessLinks><p>If the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a> is the same as the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being navigated, and this browsing context has its <a href=#seamless-browsing-context-flag>seamless
+ browsing context flag</a> set, and the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being navigated was not
+ chosen using an <dfn id=explicit-self-navigation-override>explicit self-navigation override</dfn>, then find the nearest
+ <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context>ancestor browsing context</a> that does not have its <a href=#seamless-browsing-context-flag>seamless browsing context
+ flag</a> set, and continue these steps as if <em>that</em> <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> was
+ the one that was going to be <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigated</a> instead.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a preexisting attempt to navigate the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, and the
+ <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a> is the same as the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being
+ navigated, and that attempt is currently running the <a href=#unload-a-document>unload a document</a> algorithm,
+ and the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the resource being loaded in that
+ navigation is not the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#url>URL</a>
+ of the resource being loaded in <em>this</em> navigation, then abort these steps without
+ affecting the preexisting attempt to navigate the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</li> <!--
+ http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/html/navigation/unload/ -->
+
+ <li><p>If a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> queued by the <a href=#traverse-the-history-by-a-delta>traverse the history by a
+ delta</a> algorithm is running the <a href=#unload-a-document>unload a document</a> algorithm for the
+ <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being navigated, then abort
+ these steps without affecting the <a href=#unload-a-document>unload a document</a> algorithm or the aforementioned
+ history traversal task.</li> <!-- this stops pages from hijacking the back/forward button -->
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#prompt-to-unload-a-document>prompt to unload a document</a> algorithm is being run for the
+ <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being navigated, then abort
+ these steps without affecting the <a href=#prompt-to-unload-a-document>prompt to unload a document</a> algorithm.</li>
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1946 to 1955 -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">gone async</var> be false.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#navigate-redirect-step><i>handle redirects</i></a> step later in
+ this algorithm can in certain cases jump back to the step labeled <a href=#navigate-fragid-step><i>fragment identifiers</i></a>. Since, between those two steps,
+ this algorithm goes from operating synchronously in the context of the calling <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> to operating asynchronously independent of the <a href=#event-loop>event
+ loop</a>, some of the intervening steps need to be able to handle both being synchronous and
+ being asynchronous. The <var title="">gone async</var> flag is thus used to make these steps
+ aware of which mode they are operating in.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li id=navigate-fragid-step><p><i>Fragment identifiers</i>: If this is not a
+ <dfn id=reload-triggered-navigation>reload-triggered navigation</dfn>: apply the <a href=#url-parser>URL parser</a> algorithm to the
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> of the new resource and the <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's
+ address">address</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ being navigated; if all the components of the resulting <a href=#parsed-url title="parsed URL">parsed
+ URLs</a>, ignoring any <a href=#concept-url-fragment title=concept-url-fragment>fragment</a> components, are
+ identical, and the new resource is to be fetched using HTTP GET <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-get title=concept-http-equivalent-get>or equivalent</a>, and the <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> of the
+ new resource has a <a href=#concept-url-fragment title=concept-url-fragment>fragment</a> component that is not null
+ (even if it is empty), then <a href=#scroll-to-fragid title=navigate-fragid>navigate to that fragment
+ identifier</a> and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">gone async</var> is false, cancel any preexisting but not yet <a href=#concept-navigate-mature title=concept-navigate-mature>mature</a> attempt to navigate the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>, including canceling any instances of the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm started by
+ those attempts. If one of those attempts has already created and <a href=#initialise-the-document-object title="initialise the
+ document object">initialised a new <code>Document</code> object</a>, <a href=#abort-a-document title="abort a
+ document">abort</a> that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> also. (Navigation attempts that have <a href=#concept-navigate-mature title=concept-navigate-mature>matured</a> already have session history entries, and are
+ therefore handled during the <a href=#update-the-session-history-with-the-new-page>update the session history with the new page</a> algorithm,
+ later.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the new resource is to be handled using a mechanism that does not affect the browsing
+ context, e.g. ignoring the navigation request altogether because the specified scheme is not one
+ of the supported protocols, then abort these steps and <a href=#hand-off-to-external-software title="hand-off to external
+ software">proceed with that mechanism instead</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">gone async</var> is false, <a href=#prompt-to-unload-a-document title="prompt to unload a document">prompt
+ to unload</a> the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object. If the user <a href=#refused-to-allow-the-document-to-be-unloaded>refused to allow the
+ document to be unloaded</a>, then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p>If this instance of the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> algorithm gets canceled
+ while this step is running, the <a href=#prompt-to-unload-a-document>prompt to unload a document</a> algorithm must
+ nonetheless be run to completion.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">gone async</var> is false, <a href=#abort-a-document title="abort a document">abort</a>
+ the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the new resource is to be handled by displaying some sort of inline content, e.g. an error
+ message because the specified scheme is not one of the supported protocols, or an inline prompt
+ to allow the user to select <a href=#dom-navigator-registerprotocolhandler title=dom-navigator-registerProtocolHandler>a registered
+ handler</a> for the given scheme, then <a href=#read-ua-inline title=navigate-ua-inline>display the inline
+ content</a> and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In the case of a registered handler being used, the algorithm will be reinvoked
+ with a new URL to handle the request.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being navigated is a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>, then put it in the <a href=#delaying-load-events-mode>delaying <code title=event-load>load</code> events
+ mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The user agent must take this <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> out of the <a href=#delaying-load-events-mode>delaying
+ <code title=event-load>load</code> events mode</a> when this <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> algorithm later <a href=#concept-navigate-mature title=concept-navigate-mature>matures</a>, or when it terminates (whether due to having
+ run all the steps, or being canceled, or being aborted), whichever happens first.</p>
+
+ <!-- this is what makes <iframe> elements, <embed> elements, <object> elements, etc, delay the
+ load event of their parent browsing context when their child browsing context is in between this
+ step and the step that starts the parser. -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>This is the step that attempts to obtain the resource, if necessary. Jump to the first
+ appropriate substep:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If the resource has already been obtained (e.g. because it is being used to populate an
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element's new <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a>)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Skip this step. The data is already available.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the new resource is a <a href=#url>URL</a> whose <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a> is <code title="javascript
+ protocol"><a href=#javascript-protocol>javascript</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/html/navigation/javascript-url/ -->
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to run <dfn id=javascript-protocol title="javascript protocol">these "<code title="">javascript:</code> URL" steps</dfn>, associated with the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being navigated:</p>
+
+ <ol id=concept-js-deref><li><p>If the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a> is not the
+ <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of
+ the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being navigated, then act as if the result of evaluating
+ the script was the void value, and jump to the step labeled <i>process results</i>
+ below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Apply the <a href=#url-parser>URL parser</a> to the <a href=#url>URL</a> being navigated.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">parsed URL</var> be the result of the <a href=#url-parser>URL
+ parser</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">script source</var> be the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append <var title="">parsed URL</var>'s <a href=#concept-url-scheme-data title=concept-url-scheme-data>scheme
+ data</a> component to <var title="">script source</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">parsed URL</var>'s <a href=#concept-url-query title=concept-url-query>query</a>
+ component is not null, then first append a U+003F QUESTION MARK character (?) to <var title="">script source</var>, and then append <var title="">parsed URL</var>'s <a href=#concept-url-query title=concept-url-query>query</a> component to <var title="">script
+ source</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">parsed URL</var>'s <a href=#concept-url-fragment title=concept-url-fragment>fragment</a> component is not null, then first append a
+ U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character (#) to <var title="">script source</var>, and then append <var title="">parsed URL</var>'s <a href=#concept-url-fragment title=concept-url-fragment>fragment</a> component to
+ <var title="">script source</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace <var title="">script source</var> with the result of applying the
+ <a href=#percent-decode>percent decode</a> algorithm to <var title="">script source</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace <var title="">script source</var> with the result of applying the <a href=#utf-8-decode>UTF-8
+ decode</a> algorithm to <var title="">script source</var>.</li>
+
+ <!-- <body onload="&#xFFFE;w('test')"> and javascript:%EF%BB%BF'test' both work, so we assume
+ that JavaScript is stripping the BOM, and we don't have to -->
+
+ <!--
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2639 -> about:blank
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2640 -> javascript:'test' in Firefox, about:blank otherwise
+ -->
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">address</var> be the <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's
+ address">address</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> being navigated.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#create-a-script>Create a script</a>, using <var title="">script source</var> as the script
+ source, <var title="">address</var> as the script source URL, JavaScript as the scripting
+ language, and the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of
+ the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being navigated.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">result</var> be the return value of the <a href=#code-entry-point>code entry-point</a>
+ of this <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a>. If an exception was thrown, let <var title="">result</var> be void instead. (The result will be void also if <a href=#concept-bc-noscript title=concept-bc-noscript>scripting is disabled</a>.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Process results</i>: If the result of executing the script is void (there is no return
+ value), then the result of obtaining the resource for the URL is <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>equivalent to</a> an HTTP resource with an HTTP
+ 204 No Content response.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the result of obtaining the resource for the URL is <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>equivalent</a> to an HTTP resource with a 200 OK
+ response whose <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a> is
+ <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code> and whose response body is the return value converted to a string
+ value.</p>
+
+ <p>When it comes time to <a href="#set-the-document's-address">set the document's address</a> in the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation algorithm</a>, use <var title="">address</var> as the
+ <a href=#override-url>override URL</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for this <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> is the
+ <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>So for example a <a href=#javascript-protocol title="javascript protocol"><code title="">javascript:</code>
+ URL</a> in an <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute of an
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element would only be evaluated when the link was <a href=#following-hyperlinks title="following
+ hyperlinks">followed</a>, while such a URL in the <code title=attr-iframe-src><a href=#attr-iframe-src>src</a></code> attribute of an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element would be
+ evaluated in the context of the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>'s own <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a> when the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> is being set up; once evaluated, its return value
+ (if it was not void) would replace that <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s document, thus also
+ changing the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of that <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the new resource is to be fetched using HTTP GET <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-get title=concept-http-equivalent-get>or equivalent</a>, and there are <a href=#relevant-application-cache title="relevant
+ application cache">relevant application caches</a> that are identified by a URL with the
+ <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the URL in question, and that have this URL as one of their
+ entries, excluding entries marked as <a href=#concept-appcache-foreign title=concept-appcache-foreign>foreign</a>,
+ and whose <a href=#concept-appcache-mode title=concept-appcache-mode>mode</a> is <a href=#concept-appcache-mode-fast title=concept-appcache-mode-fast>fast</a>, and the user agent is not in a mode where it
+ will avoid using <a href=#application-cache title="application cache">application caches</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#fetch>Fetch</a> the resource from the <a href=#concept-appcache-selection title=concept-appcache-selection>most
+ appropriate application cache</a> of those that match.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, imagine an HTML page with an associated application cache
+ displaying an image and a form, where the image is also used by several other application
+ caches. If the user right-clicks on the image and chooses "View Image", then the user agent
+ could decide to show the image from any of those caches, but it is likely that the most useful
+ cache for the user would be the one that was used for the aforementioned HTML page. On the
+ other hand, if the user submits the form, and the form does a POST submission, then the user
+ agent will not use an application cache at all; the submission will be made to the
+ network.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#fetch>Fetch</a><!--FETCH--> the new resource, with the <i>manual redirect flag</i>
+ set.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>If the steps above invoked the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm, the following requirements also
+ apply:</p>
+
+ <p>If the resource is being fetched using a method other than one <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-get title=concept-http-equivalent-get>equivalent to</a> HTTP's GET<!-- or HEAD (but that can't
+ happen) -->, or, if the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation algorithm</a> was invoked as a
+ result of the <a href=#concept-form-submit title=concept-form-submit>form submission algorithm</a>, then the
+ <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a> must be invoked from the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of
+ the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>, if any.</p> <!--
+ potentially http-origin privacy sensitive -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being navigated is a <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing
+ context</a>, then the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a> must be invoked from the
+ <a href=#browsing-context-scope-origin>browsing context scope origin</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a> of the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> being navigated, if it has one.</p> <!-- potentially http-origin
+ privacy sensitive -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- *********************************** ASYNC BOUNDARY *********************************** -->
+
+ <p>If <var title="">gone async</var> is false, return to whatever algorithm invoked the
+ navigation steps and continue running these steps asynchronously.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">gone async</var> be true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait for one or more bytes to be available or for the user agent to establish that the
+ resource in question is empty. During this time, the user agent may allow the user to cancel this
+ navigation attempt or start other navigation attempts.</li>
+
+ <li id=navigate-redirect-step>
+
+ <p><i>Handle redirects</i>: If fetching the resource results in a redirect, and either the
+ <a href=#url>URL</a> of the target of the redirect has the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the original
+ resource, or the resource is being obtained using the POST method or a safe method (in HTTP
+ terms), return to <a href=#navigate-fragid-step>the step labeled <i>fragment
+ identifiers</i></a> with the new resource, except that if the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the target of
+ the redirect does not have a fragment identifier and the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the resource that
+ led to the redirect does, then the fragment identifier of the resource that led to the redirect
+ must be propagated to the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the target of the redirect.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>So for instance, if the original URL was "<code title="">http://example.com/#!sample</code>" and "<code title="">http://example.com/</code>" is
+ found to redirect to "<code title="">https://example.com/</code>", the URL of the new resource
+ will be "<code title="">https://example.com/#!sample</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if fetching the resource results in a redirect but the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the
+ target of the redirect does not have the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the original resource and
+ the resource is being obtained using a method that is neither the POST method nor a safe method
+ (in HTTP terms), then abort these steps. The user agent may indicate to the user that the
+ navigation has been aborted for security reasons.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><strong>Fallback in prefer-online mode</strong>: If the resource was not fetched from an
+ <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>, and was to be fetched using HTTP GET <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-get title=concept-http-equivalent-get>or equivalent</a>, and there are <a href=#relevant-application-cache title="relevant
+ application cache">relevant application caches</a> that are identified by a URL with the
+ <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the URL in question, and that have this URL as one of their entries,
+ excluding entries marked as <a href=#concept-appcache-foreign title=concept-appcache-foreign>foreign</a>, and whose
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-mode title=concept-appcache-mode>mode</a> is <a href=#concept-appcache-mode-prefer-online title=concept-appcache-mode-prefer-online>prefer-online</a>, and the user didn't cancel the
+ navigation attempt during the earlier step, and the navigation attempt failed (e.g. the server
+ returned a 4xx or 5xx status code <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or
+ equivalent</a>, or there was a DNS error), then:</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the resource identified by the URL in question from the
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-selection title=concept-appcache-selection>most appropriate application cache</a> of those that
+ match.</p> <!-- note that a redirect can never reach this point as it is handled earlier,
+ meaning that a captive portal captures URLs in "prefer-online" caches and you can't ever get to
+ the cached resource of a prefer-online cache if you have a captive portal -->
+
+ <p>If <var title="">candidate</var> is not marked as <a href=#concept-appcache-foreign title=concept-appcache-foreign>foreign</a>, then the user agent must discard the failed
+ load and instead continue along these steps using <var title="">candidate</var> as the resource.
+ The user agent may indicate to the user that the original page load failed, and that the page
+ used was a previously cached resource.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This does not affect the <i>address of the resource from which Request-URIs are
+ obtained</i>, as used to set <a href="#the-document's-referrer">the document's referrer</a> in the <a href=#initialise-the-document-object>initialise the
+ <code>Document</code> object</a> steps below; they still use the value as computed by the
+ original <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><strong>Fallback for fallback entries</strong>: If the resource was not fetched from an
+ <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>, and was to be fetched using HTTP GET <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-get title=concept-http-equivalent-get>or equivalent</a>, and its URL <a href=#concept-appcache-matches-fallback title=concept-appcache-matches-fallback>matches the fallback namespace</a> of one or more
+ <a href=#relevant-application-cache title="relevant application cache">relevant application caches</a>, and the <a href=#concept-appcache-selection title=concept-appcache-selection>most appropriate application cache</a> of those that match
+ does not have an entry in its <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online
+ whitelist</a> that has the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the resource's URL and that is a
+ <a href=#prefix-match>prefix match</a> for the resource's URL, and the user didn't cancel the navigation
+ attempt during the earlier step, and the navigation attempt failed (e.g. the server returned a
+ 4xx or 5xx status code <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or equivalent</a>, or
+ there was a DNS error), then:</p> <!-- note that a redirect can never reach this point as it is
+ handled earlier, meaning that a captive portal captures URLs in fallback namespaces and you
+ can't ever get to the fallback file of a resource if you have a captive portal -->
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">candidate</var> be the <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>fallback
+ resource</a> specified for the <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback
+ namespace</a> in question. If multiple application caches match, the user agent must use the
+ fallback of the <a href=#concept-appcache-selection title=concept-appcache-selection>most appropriate application
+ cache</a> of those that match.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">candidate</var> is not marked as <a href=#concept-appcache-foreign title=concept-appcache-foreign>foreign</a>, then the user agent must discard the failed
+ load and instead continue along these steps using <var title="">candidate</var> as the resource.
+ <a href="#the-document's-address">The document's address</a>, if appropriate, will still be the originally requested URL,
+ not the fallback URL, but the user agent may indicate to the user that the original page load
+ failed, that the page used was a fallback resource, and what the URL of the fallback resource
+ actually is.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This does not affect the <i>address of the resource from which Request-URIs are
+ obtained</i>, as used to set <a href="#the-document's-referrer">the document's referrer</a> in the <a href=#initialise-the-document-object>initialise the
+ <code>Document</code> object</a> steps below; they still use the value as computed by the
+ original <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Resource handling</i>: If the resource's out-of-band metadata (e.g. HTTP headers), not
+ counting any <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>type information</a> (such as the Content-Type HTTP
+ header), requires some sort of processing that will not affect the browsing context, then
+ perform that processing and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <div class=note>
+ <p>Such processing might be triggered by, amongst other things, the following:</p>
+ <ul class=brief><li>HTTP status codes (e.g. 204 No Content or 205 Reset Content)</li>
+ <li>Network errors (e.g. the network interface being unavailable)</li>
+ <li>Cryptographic protocol failures (e.g. an incorrect TLS certificate)</li>
+ <!-- Other schemes are handled earlier -->
+ <!-- Content-Disposition is handled below -->
+ <!-- Content-Type is handled in subsequent steps -->
+ <!-- ...and I can't think of any others. -->
+ </ul></div>
+
+ <p>Responses with HTTP <code title=http-content-disposition>Content-Disposition</code> headers
+ specifying the <code title="">attachment</code> disposition type must be handled <a href=#as-a-download>as a
+ download</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- theoretically, HTTP 205 processing would occur here, resetting all forms with no other
+ effect. However, it seems nobody actually wants to use this ability, so requiring it here seems
+ like unnecessary work. -->
+
+ <p>HTTP 401 responses that do not include a challenge recognised by the user agent must be
+ processed as if they had no challenge, e.g. rendering the entity body as if the response had
+ been 200 OK.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may show the entity body of an HTTP 401 response even when the response does
+ include a recognised challenge, with the option to login being included in a non-modal fashion,
+ to enable the information provided by the server to be used by the user before authenticating.
+ Similarly, user agents should allow the user to authenticate (in a non-modal fashion) against
+ authentication challenges included in other responses such as HTTP 200 OK responses, effectively
+ allowing resources to present HTTP login forms without requiring their use.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">type</var> be <a href=#content-type-sniffing-0 title="Content-Type sniffing">the sniffed type of
+ the resource</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the user agent has been configured to process resources of the given <var title="">type</var> using some mechanism other than rendering the content in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>, then skip this step. Otherwise, if the <var title="">type</var> is one of the
+ following types, jump to the appropriate entry in the following list, and process the resource as
+ described there:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><!-- an <span>HTML MIME type</span> --><dt>"<code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code>"</dt>
+ <dd>Follow the steps given in the <a href=#read-html title=navigate-html>HTML document</a> section,
+ and then, once they have completed, abort this <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm.</dd>
+
+ <!-- an <span>XML MIME type</span> -->
+ <dt>"<code>application/xml</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>text/xml</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code>image/svg+xml</code>"</dt>
+ <dt>"<code><a href=#application/xhtml+xml>application/xhtml+xml</a></code>"</dt>
+ <dt>Any other type ending in "<code title="">+xml</code>" that is not an <a href=#explicitly-supported-xml-type>explicitly
+ supported XML type</a></dt> <!-- no need to say that the _subtype_ ends in "+xml" so long as
+ the "sniffed type" algorithm continues to drop parameters -->
+
+ <dd>Follow the steps given in the <a href=#read-xml title=navigate-xml>XML document</a> section. If
+ that section determines that the content is <em>not</em> to be displayed as a generic XML
+ document, then proceed to the next step in this overall set of steps. Otherwise, once the steps
+ given in the <a href=#read-xml title=navigate-xml>XML document</a> section have completed, abort this
+ <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm.</dd>
+
+ <dt>"<code>text/plain</code>"</dt>
+ <dd>Follow the steps given in the <a href=#read-text title=navigate-text>plain text file</a> section,
+ and then, once they have completed, abort this <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm.</dd>
+
+ <dt>"<code><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>multipart/x-mixed-replace</a></code>"</dt>
+ <dd>Follow the steps given in the <a href=#read-multipart-x-mixed-replace title=navigate-multipart-x-mixed-replace>multipart/x-mixed-replace</a> section, and then,
+ once they have completed, abort this <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm.</dd>
+
+ <dt>A supported image, video, or audio type</dt>
+ <dd>Follow the steps given in the <a href=#read-media title=navigate-media>media</a> section, and then,
+ once they have completed, abort this <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm.</dd>
+
+ <dt>A type that will use an external application to render the content in the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a></dt>
+ <dd>Follow the steps given in the <a href=#read-plugin title=navigate-plugin>plugin</a> section, and then,
+ once they have completed, abort this <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>An <dfn id=explicitly-supported-xml-type>explicitly supported XML type</dfn> is one for which the user agent is configured to
+ use an external application to render the content (either a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> rendering
+ directly in the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, or a separate application), or one for which the
+ user agent has dedicated processing rules (e.g. a Web browser with a built-in Atom feed viewer
+ would be said to explicitly support the <code>application/atom+xml</code> MIME type), or one for
+ which the user agent has a dedicated handler (e.g. one registered using <code title=dom-navigator-registerContentHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-registercontenthandler>registerContentHandler()</a></code>).</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id="set-the-document's-address" title="set the document's address">Setting the document's address</dfn>: If there is no
+ <dfn id=override-url>override URL</dfn>, then any <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> created by these steps must have its
+ <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">address</a> set to the <a href=#url>URL</a> that was
+ originally to be <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a>, ignoring any other data that was used to
+ obtain the resource (e.g. the entity body in the case of a POST submission is not part of
+ <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a>, nor is the URL of the fallback resource in the case of the
+ original load having failed and that URL having been found to match a <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespace</a>). However, if there <em>is</em>
+ an <a href=#override-url>override URL</a>, then any <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> created by these steps must have
+ its <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">address</a> set to that <a href=#url>URL</a>
+ instead.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>An <a href=#override-url title="override URL">override URL</a> is set when <a href=#javascript-protocol title="javascript protocol">dereferencing a <code>javascript:</code> URL</a> and when
+ performing <a href=#an-overridden-reload>an overridden reload</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=initialise-the-document-object title="initialise the Document object">Initializing a new <code>Document</code>
+ object</dfn>: when a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created as part of the above steps, the user agent
+ will be required to additionally run the following algorithm after creating the new object:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, and associate it with the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, with one exception: if the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s only entry in
+ its <a href=#session-history>session history</a> is the <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that was
+ added when the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> was created, and navigation is occurring with
+ <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>, and that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has the <a href=#same-origin>same
+ origin</a> as the new <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, then use the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of that
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> instead, and change the <code title=dom-document><a href=#dom-document-0>document</a></code>
+ attribute of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object to point to the new <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Set <a href="#the-document's-referrer">the document's referrer</a> to the <i>address of the resource from which
+ Request-URIs are obtained</i> as determined when the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm obtained the
+ resource, if that algorithm was used and determined such a value; otherwise, set it to the
+ empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#implement-the-sandboxing>Implement the sandboxing</a> for the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li id=fullscreen-logic>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> or any of its <a href=#ancestor-browsing-context title="ancestor browsing context">ancestor
+ browsing contexts</a> (if any) have the <a href=#sandboxed-fullscreen-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed fullscreen browsing context
+ flag</a> set, then skip this step.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> has a <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context
+ container</a> and either it is not an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element, or it does not have the
+ <code title=attr-iframe-allowfullscreen><a href=#attr-iframe-allowfullscreen>allowfullscreen</a></code> attribute specified, or its
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> does not have the <a href=#fullscreen-enabled-flag>fullscreen enabled flag</a> set, then also
+ skip this step.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, set the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#fullscreen-enabled-flag>fullscreen enabled flag</a>.</p>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li id=navigate-non-Document>
+
+ <p><i>Non-document content</i>: If, given <var title="">type</var>, the new resource is to be
+ handled by displaying some sort of inline content, e.g. a native rendering of the content, an
+ error message because the specified type is not supported, or an inline prompt to allow the user
+ to select <a href=#dom-navigator-registercontenthandler title=dom-navigator-registerContentHandler>a registered handler</a> for
+ the given type, then <a href=#read-ua-inline title=navigate-ua-inline>display the inline content</a>, and
+ then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In the case of a registered handler being used, the algorithm will be reinvoked
+ with a new URL to handle the request.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, the document's <var title="">type</var> is such that the resource will not
+ affect the browsing context, e.g. because the resource is to be handed to an external application
+ or because it is an unknown type that will be processed <a href=#as-a-download>as a download</a>. <a href=#hand-off-to-external-software title="hand-off to external software">Process the resource appropriately</a>.</p>
+
+ </ol><p>When a resource is handled by <dfn id=hand-off-to-external-software title="hand-off to external software">passing its URL or
+ data to an external software package</dfn> separate from the user agent (e.g. handing a <code title="">mailto:</code> URL to a mail client, or a Word document to a word processor), user
+ agents should attempt to mitigate the risk that this is an attempt to exploit the target software,
+ e.g. by prompting the user to confirm that the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a>'s <a href=#origin>origin</a> is to be allowed to invoke the specified software. In
+ particular, if the <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm, when it was invoked, was not <a href=#allowed-to-show-a-popup>allowed to
+ show a popup</a>, the user agent should not invoke the external software package without prior
+ user confirmation.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, there could be a vulnerability in the target software's URL
+ handler which a hostile page would attempt to exploit by tricking a user into clicking a link.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Some of the sections below, to which the above algorithm defers in certain cases, require the
+ user agent to <dfn id=update-the-session-history-with-the-new-page>update the session history with the new page</dfn>. When a user agent is
+ required to do this, it must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> (associated with the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ object of the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>, not the new one) to run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p><a href=#unload-a-document title="unload a document">Unload</a> the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object of the
+ <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>, with the <var title="">recycle</var> parameter set to false.</p>
+
+ <p>If this instance of the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> algorithm is canceled while
+ this step is running the <a href=#unload-a-document>unload a document</a> algorithm, then the <a href=#unload-a-document>unload a
+ document</a> algorithm must be allowed to run to completion, but this instance of the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> algorithm must not run beyond this step. (In particular, for
+ instance, the cancelation of this algorithm does not abort any event dispatch or script
+ execution occurring as part of unloading the document or its descendants.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <dl><dt>If the navigation was initiated for <dfn id=entry-update>entry update</dfn> of an entry</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Replace the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the entry being updated, and any other entries
+ that referenced the same document as that entry, with the new <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#traverse-the-history>Traverse the history</a> to the new entry.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This can only happen if the entry being updated is not the <a href=#current-entry>current
+ entry</a>, and can never happen with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>. (It happens when the
+ user tried to traverse to a session history entry that no longer had a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ object.)</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Remove all the entries in the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#session-history>session
+ history</a> after the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>. If the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> is
+ the last entry in the session history, then no entries are removed.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This <a href=#history-notes>doesn't necessarily have to affect</a> the
+ user agent's user interface.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a new entry at the end of the <code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code> object representing the new
+ resource and its <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object and related state.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#traverse-the-history>Traverse the history</a> to the new entry. If the navigation was initiated
+ with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>, then the traversal must itself be initiated with
+ <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation algorithm</a> has now <dfn id=concept-navigate-mature title=concept-navigate-mature>matured</dfn>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Fragment identifier loop</i>: <a href=#spin-the-event-loop>Spin the event loop</a> for a user-agent-defined
+ amount of time, as desired by the user agent implementor. (This is intended to allow the user
+ agent to optimise the user experience in the face of performance concerns.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object has no parser, or its parser has <a href=#stop-parsing title="stop
+ parsing">stopped parsing</a>, or the user agent has reason to believe the user is no longer
+ interested in scrolling to the fragment identifier, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#scroll-to-the-fragment-identifier>Scroll to the fragment identifier</a> given in <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's
+ address</a>. If this fails to find <a href=#the-indicated-part-of-the-document title="the indicated part of the document">an
+ indicated part of the document</a>, then return to the <i>fragment identifier loop</i>
+ step.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for this <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> is the
+ <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=read-html><span class=secno>7.6.2 </span><dfn title=navigate-html>Page load processing model for HTML files</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>When an HTML document is to be loaded in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, the user agent must
+ <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to create a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, mark it as being an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>, set its <a href=#concept-document-content-type title=concept-document-content-type>content type</a> to "<code title="">text/html</code>",
+ <a href=#initialise-the-document-object>initialise the <code>Document</code> object</a>, and finally create an <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a> and associate it with the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>. Each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> places on the
+ <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a> while the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a> runs must then
+ fill the parser's <a href=#the-input-byte-stream>input byte stream</a> with the fetched bytes and cause the <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a> to perform the appropriate processing of the input stream.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#the-input-byte-stream>input byte stream</a> converts bytes into characters for use in the
+ <a href=#tokenization title=tokenization>tokenizer</a>. This process relies, in part, on character encoding
+ information found in the real <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a> of the
+ resource; the "sniffed type" is not used for this purpose.</p>
+
+ <!-- next two paragraphs are nearly identical to the navigate-text section, keep them in sync -->
+
+ <p>When no more bytes are available, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> for the parser
+ to process the implied EOF character, which eventually causes a <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event to be fired.</p>
+
+ <p>After creating the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, but before any script execution, certainly
+ before the parser <a href=#stop-parsing title="stop parsing">stops</a>, the user agent must <a href=#update-the-session-history-with-the-new-page>update the
+ session history with the new page</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note><a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>Application cache selection</a> happens <a href=#parser-appcache>in the HTML parser</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the two tasks mentioned in this section must be the
+ <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=read-xml><span class=secno>7.6.3 </span><dfn title=navigate-xml>Page load processing model for XML files</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>When faced with displaying an XML file inline, user agents must follow the requirements defined
+ in the XML and Namespaces in XML recommendations, RFC 3023, DOM, and other relevant specifications
+ to create a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object and a corresponding <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a> <a href=#refsXMLNS>[XMLNS]</a> <a href=#refsRFC3023>[RFC3023]</a> <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>At the time of writing, the XML specification community had not actually yet
+ specified how XML and the DOM interact.</p> <!--XMLPARSE-->
+
+ <p>After the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created, the user agent must <a href=#initialise-the-document-object>initialise the
+ <code>Document</code> object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The actual HTTP headers and other metadata, not the headers as mutated or implied by the
+ algorithms given in this specification, are the ones that must be used when determining the
+ character encoding according to the rules given in the above specifications. Once the character
+ encoding is established, the <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a> must be set to that
+ character encoding.</p>
+
+ <p>If the root element, as parsed according to the XML specifications cited above, is found to be
+ an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element with an attribute <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code>
+ whose value is not the empty string, then, as soon as the element is <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an
+ element into a document">inserted into the document</a>, the user agent must <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolve</a> the value of that attribute relative to that element, and if
+ that is successful, must apply the <a href=#concept-url-serializer title=concept-url-serializer>URL serializer</a>
+ algorithm to the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> with the <i>exclude fragment flag</i> set to
+ obtain <var title="">manifest URL</var>, and then run the <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>application cache selection algorithm</a> with <var title="">manifest URL</var> as the manifest URL, passing in the newly-created
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>. Otherwise, if the attribute is absent, its value is the empty string, or
+ resolving its value fails, then as soon as the root element is <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into
+ a document">inserted into the document</a>, the user agent must run the <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>application cache selection algorithm</a> with no manifest, and
+ passing in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Because the processing of the <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code>
+ attribute happens only once the root element is parsed, any URLs referenced by processing
+ instructions before the root element (such as <code title="">&lt;?xml-stylesheet?&gt;</code> PIs)
+ will be fetched from the network and cannot be cached.</p><!-- v2: fix this somehow -->
+
+ <p>User agents may examine the namespace of the root <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code> node of this
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object to perform namespace-based dispatch to alternative processing tools,
+ e.g. determining that the content is actually a syndication feed and passing it to a feed handler.
+ If such processing is to take place, abort the steps in this section, and jump to <a href=#navigate-non-Document>the next step</a> (labeled <i>non-document content</i>) in the
+ <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> steps above.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, then, with the newly created <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, the user agent must <a href=#update-the-session-history-with-the-new-page>update
+ the session history with the new page</a>. User agents may do this before the complete document
+ has been parsed (thus achieving <i>incremental rendering</i>), and must do this before any scripts
+ are to be executed.</p>
+
+ <p>Error messages from the parse process (e.g. XML namespace well-formedness errors) may be
+ reported inline by mutating the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=read-text><span class=secno>7.6.4 </span><dfn title=navigate-text>Page load processing model for text files</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>When a plain text document is to be loaded in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, the user agent
+ must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to create a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, mark it as being an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>, set its <a href=#concept-document-content-type title=concept-document-content-type>content type</a> to "<code title="">text/plain</code>",
+ <a href=#initialise-the-document-object>initialise the <code>Document</code> object</a>, create an <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>,
+ associate it with the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, act as if the tokenizer had emitted a start tag token
+ with the tag name "pre" followed by a single U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character<!-- to get eaten, so
+ that a leading LF in the text/plain stream doesn't get eaten itself-->, and switch the <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a>'s tokenizer to the <a href=#plaintext-state>PLAINTEXT state</a>. Each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> places on the
+ <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a> while the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a> runs must then
+ fill the parser's <a href=#the-input-byte-stream>input byte stream</a> with the fetched bytes and cause the <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a> to perform the appropriate processing of the input stream.</p>
+
+ <p>The rules for how to convert the bytes of the plain text document into actual characters, and
+ the rules for actually rendering the text to the user, are defined in RFC 2046, RFC 3676, and
+ subsequent versions thereof. <a href=#refsRFC2046>[RFC2046]</a> <a href=#refsRFC3676>[RFC3676]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a> must be set to the character encoding used to
+ decode the document.</p>
+
+ <p>Upon creation of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, the user agent must run the <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>application cache selection algorithm</a> with no manifest, and
+ passing in the newly-created <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <!-- next two paragraphs are nearly identical to the navigate-html section and similar to the
+ "navigate-ua-inline" section, and the next three are similar to the navigate-media and
+ navigate-plugin sections; keep them all in sync -->
+
+ <p>When no more bytes are available, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> for the parser
+ to process the implied EOF character, which eventually causes a <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event to be fired.</p>
+
+ <p>After creating the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, but potentially before the page has finished
+ parsing, the user agent must <a href=#update-the-session-history-with-the-new-page>update the session history with the new page</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may add content to the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, e.g.
+ linking to a style sheet or a binding, providing script, giving the document a
+ <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code>, etc.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In particular, if the user agent supports the <code title="">Format=Flowed</code>
+ feature of RFC 3676 then the user agent would need to apply extra styling to cause the text to
+ wrap correctly and to handle the quoting feature. This could be performed using, e.g., a
+ binding or a CSS extension.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the two tasks mentioned in this section must be the
+ <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=read-multipart-x-mixed-replace><span class=secno>7.6.5 </span><dfn title=navigate-multipart-x-mixed-replace>Page load processing model for <code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code> resources</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>When a resource with the type <code><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>multipart/x-mixed-replace</a></code> is to be loaded in a
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, the user agent must parse the resource using the rules for
+ multipart types. <a href=#refsRFC2046>[RFC2046]</a></p>
+
+ <p>For each body part obtained from the resource, the user agent must run a new instance of the
+ <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm, starting from the <i>resource handling</i> step, using the new
+ body part as the resource being navigated, with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a> if a previous
+ body part from the same resource resulted in a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object being created and
+ <a href=#initialise-the-document-object title="initialise the document object">initialized</a>, and otherwise using the same
+ setup as the <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> attempt that caused this section to be invoked in the first
+ place.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of algorithms processing these body parts as if they were complete stand-alone
+ resources, the user agent must act as if there were no more bytes for those resources whenever the
+ boundary following the body part is reached.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Thus, <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> events (and for that matter <code title=event-unload><a href=#event-unload>unload</a></code> events) do fire for each body part loaded.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=read-media><span class=secno>7.6.6 </span><dfn title=navigate-media>Page load processing model for media</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>When an image, video, or audio resource is to be loaded in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, the
+ user agent should create a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, mark it as being an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML
+ documents">HTML document</a>, set its <a href=#concept-document-content-type title=concept-document-content-type>content
+ type</a> to the sniffed MIME type of the resource (<var title="">type</var> in the
+ <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm), <a href=#initialise-the-document-object>initialise the <code>Document</code> object</a>, append
+ an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, append a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element and
+ a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element to the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, append an element <var title="">host element</var> for the media, as described below, to the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element,
+ and set the appropriate attribute of the element <var title="">host element</var>, as described
+ below, to the address of the image, video, or audio resource.</p>
+
+ <p>The element <var title="">host element</var> to create for the media is the element given in
+ the table below in the second cell of the row whose first cell describes the media. The
+ appropriate attribute to set is the one given by the third cell in that same row.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Type of media
+ <th> Element for the media
+ <th> Appropriate attribute
+ <tr><td> Image
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code>
+ <tr><td> Video
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code>
+ <tr><td> Audio
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code>
+ </thead></table><!-- next three paragraphs are similar to the navigate-text section, keep them in sync --><p>Then, the user agent must act as if it had <a href=#stop-parsing title="stop parsing">stopped
+ parsing</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Upon creation of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, the user agent must run the <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>application cache selection algorithm</a> with no manifest, and
+ passing in the newly-created <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>After creating the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, but potentially before the page has finished
+ fully loading, the user agent must <a href=#update-the-session-history-with-the-new-page>update the session history with the new page</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may add content to the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, or
+ attributes to the element <var title="">host element</var>, e.g. to link to a style sheet or a
+ binding, to provide a script, to give the document a <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code>, to make the media
+ <a href=#attr-media-autoplay title=attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a>, etc.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=read-plugin><span class=secno>7.6.7 </span><dfn title=navigate-plugin>Page load processing model for content that uses plugins</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>When a resource that requires an external resource to be rendered is to be loaded in a
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, the user agent should create a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, mark
+ it as being an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML document</a> and mark it as being a
+ <dfn id=plugin-document>plugin document</dfn>, set its <a href=#concept-document-content-type title=concept-document-content-type>content
+ type</a> to the sniffed MIME type of the resource (<var title="">type</var> in the
+ <a href=#navigate>navigate</a> algorithm), <a href=#initialise-the-document-object>initialise the <code>Document</code> object</a>, append
+ an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, append a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element and
+ a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element to the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, append an <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> to the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element, and set the <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code> attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element to the address of the resource.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The term <a href=#plugin-document>plugin document</a> is used by the Content Security Policy
+ specification as part of the mechanism that ensures <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>s can't be used to evade
+ <code title="">plugin-types</code> directives. <a href=#refsCSP>[CSP]</a></p>
+
+ <!-- next three paragraphs are similar to the navigate-text section, keep them in sync -->
+
+ <p>Then, the user agent must act as if it had <a href=#stop-parsing title="stop parsing">stopped
+ parsing</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Upon creation of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, the user agent must run the <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>application cache selection algorithm</a> with no manifest, and
+ passing in the newly-created <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>After creating the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, but potentially before the page has finished
+ fully loading, the user agent must <a href=#update-the-session-history-with-the-new-page>update the session history with the new page</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may add content to the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, or
+ attributes to the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element, e.g. to link to a style sheet or a binding, or
+ to give the document a <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note id=sandboxPluginNavigate>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing
+ flag set</a> has its <a href=#sandboxed-plugins-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed plugins browsing context flag</a> set, the synthesized
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element will <a href=#sandboxPluginEmbed>fail to render the content</a> if
+ the relevant <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> cannot be <a href=#concept-plugin-secure title=concept-plugin-secure>secured</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=read-ua-inline><span class=secno>7.6.8 </span><dfn title=navigate-ua-inline>Page load processing model for inline
+ content that doesn't have a DOM</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to display a user agent page inline in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>,
+ the user agent should create a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, mark it as being an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>, set its <a href=#concept-document-content-type title=concept-document-content-type>content type</a> to "<code title="">text/html</code>",
+ <a href=#initialise-the-document-object>initialise the <code>Document</code> object</a>, and then either associate that
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> with a custom rendering that is not rendered using the normal
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> rendering rules, or mutate that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> until it represents
+ the content the user agent wants to render.</p>
+
+ <!-- next two paragraphs are similar to the navigate-text section, keep them in sync -->
+
+ <p>Once the page has been set up, the user agent must act as if it had <a href=#stop-parsing title="stop
+ parsing">stopped parsing</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Upon creation of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, the user agent must run the <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>application cache selection algorithm</a> with no manifest,
+ passing in the newly-created <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>After creating the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, but potentially before the page has been
+ completely set up, the user agent must <a href=#update-the-session-history-with-the-new-page>update the session history with the new
+ page</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=scroll-to-fragid><span class=secno>7.6.9 </span><dfn title=navigate-fragid>Navigating to a fragment identifier</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is supposed to navigate to a fragment identifier, then the user agent must
+ run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Remove all the entries in the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#session-history>session history</a>
+ after the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>. If the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> is the last entry in the
+ session history, then no entries are removed.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This <a href=#history-notes>doesn't necessarily have to affect</a> the user
+ agent's user interface.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> queued by the <a href=#history-traversal-task-source>history traversal
+ task source</a> that are associated with any <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects in the
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>'s <a href=#document-family>document family</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append a new entry at the end of the <code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code> object representing the new
+ resource and its <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object and related state. Its <a href=#url>URL</a> must be set
+ to the address to which the user agent was <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigating</a>. The title
+ must be left unset.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#traverse-the-history>Traverse the history</a> to the new entry, with the <i>asynchronous events</i> flag
+ set. This will <a href=#scroll-to-the-fragment-identifier>scroll to the fragment
+ identifier</a> given in what is now <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>If the scrolling fails because the relevant <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> has
+ not yet been parsed, then the original <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> algorithm will
+ take care of the scrolling instead, as the last few steps of its <a href=#update-the-session-history-with-the-new-page>update the session history
+ with the new page</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=scroll-to-the-fragment-identifier>scroll to the fragment identifier</dfn> and <a href=#the-indicated-part-of-the-document>the
+ indicated part of the document</a>, if any, is <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a>, the user agent must
+ either change the scrolling position of the document using the following algorithm, or perform
+ some other action such that <a href=#the-indicated-part-of-the-document>the indicated part of the document</a> is brought to the
+ user's attention. If there is no indicated part, or if the indicated part is not <a href=#being-rendered>being
+ rendered</a>, then the user agent must do nothing. The aforementioned algorithm is as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">target</var> be <a href=#the-indicated-part-of-the-document>the indicated part of the
+ document</a>, as defined below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">target</var> is the top of the document, then <a href=#scroll-to-the-beginning-of-the-document>scroll to the
+ beginning of the document</a> for the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and abort these steps. <a href=#refsCSSOMVIEW>[CSSOMVIEW]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Use the <a href=#scroll-an-element-into-view>scroll an element into view</a> algorithm to scroll <var title="">target</var> into view, with the <var title="">align to top flag</var> set. <a href=#refsCSSOMVIEW>[CSSOMVIEW]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the <a href=#focusing-steps>focusing steps</a> for that element.</li>
+
+ </ol><p><dfn id=the-indicated-part-of-the-document>The indicated part of the document</dfn> is the one that the fragment identifier, if any,
+ identifies. The semantics of the fragment identifier in terms of mapping it to a specific DOM Node
+ is defined by the specification that defines the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> used by the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> (for example, the processing of fragment identifiers for <a href=#xml-mime-type title="XML
+ MIME type">XML MIME types</a> is the responsibility of RFC3023). <a href=#refsRFC3023>[RFC3023]</a></p>
+
+ <p>For HTML documents (and <a href=#html-mime-type title="HTML MIME type">HTML MIME types</a>), the following
+ processing model must be followed to determine what <a href=#the-indicated-part-of-the-document>the indicated part of the
+ document</a> is.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Apply the <a href=#url-parser>URL parser</a> algorithm to the <a href=#url>URL</a>, and let <var title="">fragid</var> be the <a href=#concept-url-fragment title=concept-url-fragment>fragment</a> component of the
+ resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>.</li><!-- parsing can't fail, since we checked earlier on
+ when navigating -->
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">fragid</var> is the empty string, then <a href=#the-indicated-part-of-the-document>the indicated part of the
+ document</a> is the top of the document; stop the algorithm here.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">fragid bytes</var> be the result of <a href=#percent-decode title="percent
+ decode">percent-decoding</a> <var title="">fragid</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">decoded fragid</var> be the result of applying the <a href=#utf-8-decoder>UTF-8
+ decoder</a> algorithm to <var title="">fragid bytes</var>. If the <a href=#utf-8-decoder>UTF-8 decoder</a>
+ emits a <a href=#decoder-error>decoder error</a>, abort the decoder and instead jump to the step labeled <i>no
+ decoded fragid</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is an element in the DOM that has an <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a> exactly
+ equal to <var title="">decoded fragid</var>, then the first such element in tree order is
+ <a href=#the-indicated-part-of-the-document>the indicated part of the document</a>; stop the algorithm here.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>No decoded fragid</i>: If there is an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element in the DOM that has a <code title=attr-a-name><a href=#attr-a-name>name</a></code> attribute whose value is exactly equal to <var title="">fragid</var> (<em>not</em> <var title="">decoded fragid</var>), then the first such
+ element in tree order is <a href=#the-indicated-part-of-the-document>the indicated part of the document</a>; stop the algorithm
+ here.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">fragid</var> is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the
+ string <code title="">top</code>, then <a href=#the-indicated-part-of-the-document>the indicated part of the document</a> is the top
+ of the document; stop the algorithm here.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, there is no <a href=#the-indicated-part-of-the-document title="the indicated part of the document">indicated part of
+ the document</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>For the purposes of the interaction of HTML with Selectors' <code title=selector-target>:target</code> pseudo-class, the <dfn id=target-element><i>target element</i></dfn> is
+ <a href=#the-indicated-part-of-the-document>the indicated part of the document</a>, if that is an element; otherwise there is no
+ <i><a href=#target-element>target element</a></i>. <a href=#refsSELECTORS>[SELECTORS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the task mentioned in this section must be the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM
+ manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=history-traversal><span class=secno>7.6.10 </span>History traversal</h4> <!-- session history -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is required to <dfn id=traverse-the-history>traverse the history</dfn> to a <var title="">specified
+ entry</var>, optionally with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>, and optionally with the
+ <i>asynchronous events</i> flag set, the user agent must act as follows.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This algorithm is not just invoked when <a href=#traverse-the-history-by-a-delta title="traverse the history by a
+ delta">explicitly going back or forwards in the session history</a> &mdash; it is also invoked
+ in other situations, for example when <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigating a browsing context</a>,
+ as part of <a href=#update-the-session-history-with-the-new-page title="update the session history with the new page">updating the session history
+ with the new page</a>.</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If there is no longer a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object for the entry in question,
+ <a href=#navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV history traversal after eviction--> the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> to the resource for that entry to perform an <a href=#entry-update>entry update</a> of that
+ entry, and abort these steps. The "<a href=#navigate>navigate</a>" algorithm reinvokes this "traverse"
+ algorithm to complete the traversal, at which point there <em>is</em> a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ object and so this step gets skipped. The navigation must be done using the same <a href=#source-browsing-context>source
+ browsing context</a> as was used the first time this entry was created. (This can never
+ happen with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>.)</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the resource was obtained usign a non-idempotent action, for example a POST
+ form submission, or if the resource is no longer available, for example because the computer is
+ now offline and the page wasn't cached, navigating to it again might not be possible. In this
+ case, the navigation will result in a different page than previously; for example, it might be
+ an error message explaining the problem or offering to resubmit the form.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>'s title was not set by the <code title=dom-history-pushState><a href=#dom-history-pushstate>pushState()</a></code> or <code title=dom-history-replaceState><a href=#dom-history-replacestate>replaceState()</a></code> methods, then set its title to the value
+ returned by the <code title=dom-document-title><a href=#document.title>document.title</a></code> IDL attribute.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If appropriate, update the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> in the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's <code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code> object to reflect any state
+ that the user agent wishes to persist. The entry is then said to be <a href=#an-entry-with-persisted-user-state>an entry with persisted
+ user state</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">specified entry</var> has a different <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object
+ than the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>, then run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Remove any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> queued by the <a href=#history-traversal-task-source>history traversal
+ task source</a> that are associated with any <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects in the
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>'s <a href=#document-family>document family</a>.</li> <!-- so the
+ network is racing history.back(), in the case of setting location.href="" and then calling
+ history.back() -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <var title="">specified
+ entry</var> is not the <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>, then run the following
+ sub-sub-steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>The current <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> must be stored with all the entries in
+ the history that are associated with <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects with the <a href=#same-origin>same
+ origin</a> as the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> <em>and</em> that are contiguous with the
+ <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>.</li>
+
+ <li id=resetBCName><p>If the browsing context is a <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>,
+ but not an <a href=#auxiliary-browsing-context>auxiliary browsing context</a>, then the browsing context's
+ <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> must be unset.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li id=appcache-history-2><p>Make the <var title="">specified entry</var>'s
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">specified entry</var> has a <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> stored
+ with it, then run the following sub-sub-steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the browsing context's <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> to the name stored with
+ the specified entry.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Clear any <a href=#browsing-context-name title="browsing context name">browsing context names</a> stored
+ with all entries in the history that are associated with <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects with
+ the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the new <a href=#active-document>active document</a> and that are contiguous
+ with the specified entry.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li id=history-autocomplete><p>If the <var title="">specified entry</var>'s
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has any form controls whose <a href=#autofill-field-name>autofill field name</a> is "<code title=attr-fe-autocomplete-off><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete-off>off</a></code>", invoke the <a href=#concept-form-reset-control title=concept-form-reset-control>reset algorithm</a> of each of those elements.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-document-readiness>current document readiness</a> of the <var title="">specified entry</var>'s
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is "<code title="">complete</code>", <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to run
+ the following sub-sub-steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#page-showing>page showing</a> flag is true, then abort this
+ task (i.e. don't fire the event below).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#page-showing>page showing</a> flag to true.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run any <dfn id=session-history-document-visibility-change-steps>session history document visibility change steps</dfn> for <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that
+ are defined by <a href=#other-applicable-specifications>other applicable specifications</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is specifically intended for use by the Page Visibility specification. <a href=#refsPAGEVIS>[PAGEVIS]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>Fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-pageshow><a href=#event-pageshow>pageshow</a></code> at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of that
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, but with its <code title=dom-event-target><a href=#dom-event-target>target</a></code> set to the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object (and the <code title=dom-event-currentTarget>currentTarget</code> set to the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object),
+ using the <code><a href=#pagetransitionevent>PageTransitionEvent</a></code> interface, with the <code title=dom-PageTransitionEvent-persisted><a href=#dom-pagetransitionevent-persisted>persisted</a></code> attribute initialised to true.
+ This event must not bubble, must not be cancelable, and has no default action.</li>
+
+ </ol><!-- an interesting thing to test would be to traverse back during onload, before the first
+ pageshow has fired, and then to traverse forward again, and see if we get _two_ pageshows. If
+ so, it indicates that browsers don't have a "page showing" flag like this and that the history
+ traversal task source has a higher priority than the DOM manipulation task source. --></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> to the URL of the <var title="">specified
+ entry</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">specified entry</var> has a URL whose fragment identifier differs
+ from that of the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>'s when compared in a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>
+ manner, and the two share the same <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, then let <var title="">hash
+ changed</var> be true, and let <var title="">old URL</var> be the URL of the <a href=#current-entry>current
+ entry</a> and <var title="">new URL</var> be the URL of the <var title="">specified
+ entry</var>. Otherwise, let <var title="">hash changed</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the traversal was initiated with <dfn id=replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</dfn>, remove the entry
+ immediately before the <var title="">specified entry</var> in the session history.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">specified entry</var> is not <a href=#an-entry-with-persisted-user-state>an entry with persisted user
+ state</a>, but its URL has a fragment identifier, <a href=#scroll-to-the-fragment-identifier>scroll to the fragment
+ identifier</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the entry is <a href=#an-entry-with-persisted-user-state>an entry with persisted user state</a>, the user agent may update
+ aspects of the document and its rendering, for instance the scroll position or values of form
+ fields, that it had previously recorded.</p>
+
+ <!-- see similar paragraphs in the textarea and input sections -->
+ <p class=note>This can even include updating the <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute
+ of <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements or <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in either the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a> state or the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a> state, if the persisted state includes the
+ directionality of user input in such controls.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the entry is a <a href=#state-object>state object</a> entry, let <var title="">state</var> be a
+ <a href=#structured-clone>structured clone</a> of that state object. Otherwise, let <var title="">state</var> be
+ null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <code title=dom-history-state><a href=#dom-history-state>history.state</a></code> to <var title="">state</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">state changed</var> be true if the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <var title="">specified entry</var> has a <a href=#latest-entry>latest entry</a>, and that entry is not the <var title="">specified entry</var>; otherwise let it be false.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <a href=#latest-entry>latest entry</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <var title="">specified entry</var> be the <var title="">specified entry</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <i>asynchronous events</i> flag is not set, then run the following steps
+ synchronously. Otherwise, the <i>asynchronous events</i> flag is set; <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a>
+ to run the following substeps.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">state changed</var> is true, <a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a>
+ event with the name <code title=event-popstate><a href=#event-popstate>popstate</a></code> at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ object of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, using the <code><a href=#popstateevent>PopStateEvent</a></code> interface, with the
+ <code title=dom-PopStateEvent-state><a href=#dom-popstateevent-state>state</a></code> attribute initialised to the value of <var title="">state</var>. This event must bubble but not be cancelable and has no default
+ action.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">hash changed</var> is true, then <a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a>
+ event with the name <code title=event-hashchange><a href=#event-hashchange>hashchange</a></code> at the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, using the <code><a href=#hashchangeevent>HashChangeEvent</a></code> interface,
+ with the <code title=dom-HashChangeEvent-oldURL><a href=#dom-hashchangeevent-oldurl>oldURL</a></code> attribute initialised to <var title="">old URL</var> and the <code title=dom-HashChangeEvent-newURL><a href=#dom-hashchangeevent-newurl>newURL</a></code> attribute
+ initialised to <var title="">new URL</var>. This event must bubble but not be cancelable and
+ has no default action.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> is now the <var title="">specified entry</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the tasks mentioned above is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task
+ source</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-popstateevent-interface><span class=secno>7.6.10.1 </span>The <code><a href=#popstateevent>PopStateEvent</a></code> interface</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Constructor(DOMString type, optional <a href=#popstateeventinit>PopStateEventInit</a> eventInitDict), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=popstateevent>PopStateEvent</dfn> : <a href=#event>Event</a> {
+ readonly attribute any <a href=#dom-popstateevent-state title=dom-PopStateEvent-state>state</a>;
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=popstateeventinit>PopStateEventInit</dfn> : <a href=#eventinit>EventInit</a> {
+ any state;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-PopStateEvent-state><a href=#dom-popstateevent-state>state</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a copy of the information that was provided to <code title=dom-history-pushState><a href=#dom-history-pushstate>pushState()</a></code> or <code title=dom-history-replaceState><a href=#dom-history-replacestate>replaceState()</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-popstateevent-state title=dom-PopStateEvent-state><code>state</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to
+ null. It represents the context information for the event, or null, if the state represented is
+ the initial state of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-hashchangeevent-interface><span class=secno>7.6.10.2 </span>The <code><a href=#hashchangeevent>HashChangeEvent</a></code> interface</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Constructor(DOMString type, optional <a href=#hashchangeeventinit>HashChangeEventInit</a> eventInitDict), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=hashchangeevent>HashChangeEvent</dfn> : <a href=#event>Event</a> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-hashchangeevent-oldurl title=dom-HashChangeEvent-oldURL>oldURL</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-hashchangeevent-newurl title=dom-HashChangeEvent-newURL>newURL</a>;
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=hashchangeeventinit>HashChangeEventInit</dfn> : <a href=#eventinit>EventInit</a> {
+ DOMString oldURL;
+ DOMString newURL;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-HashChangeEvent-oldURL><a href=#dom-hashchangeevent-oldurl>oldURL</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the <a href=#session-history-entry>session history entry</a> that was previously
+ current.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-HashChangeEvent-newURL><a href=#dom-hashchangeevent-newurl>newURL</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the <a href=#session-history-entry>session history entry</a> that is now
+ current.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-hashchangeevent-oldurl title=dom-HashChangeEvent-oldURL><code>oldURL</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to
+ null. It represents context information for the event, specifically the URL of the <a href=#session-history-entry>session
+ history entry</a> that was traversed from.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-hashchangeevent-newurl title=dom-HashChangeEvent-newURL><code>newURL</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to
+ null. It represents context information for the event, specifically the URL of the <a href=#session-history-entry>session
+ history entry</a> that was traversed to.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-pagetransitionevent-interface><span class=secno>7.6.10.3 </span>The <code><a href=#pagetransitionevent>PageTransitionEvent</a></code> interface</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Constructor(DOMString type, optional <a href=#pagetransitioneventinit>PageTransitionEventInit</a> eventInitDict), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=pagetransitionevent>PageTransitionEvent</dfn> : <a href=#event>Event</a> {
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-pagetransitionevent-persisted title=dom-PageTransitionEvent-persisted>persisted</a>;
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=pagetransitioneventinit>PageTransitionEventInit</dfn> : <a href=#eventinit>EventInit</a> {
+ boolean persisted;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-PageTransitionEvent-persisted><a href=#dom-pagetransitionevent-persisted>persisted</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>For the <code title=event-pageshow><a href=#event-pageshow>pageshow</a></code> event, returns false if the page is
+ newly being loaded (and the <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event will fire). Otherwise,
+ returns true.</p>
+
+ <p>For the <code title=event-pagehide><a href=#event-pagehide>pagehide</a></code> event, returns false if the page is
+ going away for the last time. Otherwise, returns true, meaning that (if nothing conspires to
+ make the page unsalvageable) the page might be reused if the user navigates back to this
+ page.</p>
+
+ <p>Things that can cause the page to be unsalvageable include:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code>
+ <li>Listening for <code title=event-beforeunload><a href=#event-beforeunload>beforeunload</a></code> events
+ <li>Listening for <code title=event-unload><a href=#event-unload>unload</a></code> events
+ <li>Having <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>s that are not salvageable
+ <li>Active <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> objects
+ <li><a href=#abort-a-document title="abort a document">Aborting a <code>Document</code></a>
+ </ul></dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-pagetransitionevent-persisted title=dom-PageTransitionEvent-persisted><code>persisted</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be
+ initialised to false. It represents the context information for the event.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=unloading-documents><span class=secno>7.6.11 </span>Unloading documents</h4>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has a <dfn id=concept-document-salvageable title=concept-document-salvageable><i>salvageable</i></dfn> state, which must initially be
+ true, a <dfn id=fired-unload>fired unload</dfn> flag, which must initially be false, and a <dfn id=page-showing>page showing</dfn>
+ flag, which must initially be false. The <a href=#page-showing>page showing</a> flag is used to ensure that
+ scripts receive <code title=event-pageshow><a href=#event-pageshow>pageshow</a></code> and <code title=event-pagehide><a href=#event-pagehide>pagehide</a></code> events in a consistent manner (e.g. that they never
+ receive two <code title=event-pagehide><a href=#event-pagehide>pagehide</a></code> events in a row without an intervening
+ <code title=event-pageshow><a href=#event-pageshow>pageshow</a></code>, or vice versa).</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#event-loop title="event loop">Event loops</a> have a <dfn id=termination-nesting-level>termination nesting level</dfn>
+ counter, which must initially be zero.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=prompt-to-unload-a-document>prompt to unload a document</dfn>, it must run the following
+ steps.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Increase the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#termination-nesting-level>termination nesting level</a> by
+ one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increase the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#ignore-opens-during-unload-counter>ignore-opens-during-unload counter</a> by
+ one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">event</var> be a new <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a>
+ <code><a href=#beforeunloadevent>BeforeUnloadEvent</a></code> event object with the name <code title=event-beforeunload><a href=#event-beforeunload>beforeunload</a></code>, which does not bubble but is cancelable.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Dispatch</i>: <a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>Dispatch</a> <var title="">event</var> at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Decrease the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#termination-nesting-level>termination nesting level</a> by
+ one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Release the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If any event listeners were triggered by the earlier <i>dispatch</i> step, then set the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state to
+ false.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=dom-BeforeUnloadEvent-returnValue><a href=#dom-beforeunloadevent-returnvalue>returnValue</a></code> attribute of the
+ <var title="">event</var> object is not the empty string, or if the event was canceled, then the
+ user agent should ask the user to confirm that they wish to unload the document.</p>
+
+ <p>The prompt shown by the user agent may include the string of the <code title=dom-BeforeUnloadEvent-returnValue><a href=#dom-beforeunloadevent-returnvalue>returnValue</a></code> attribute, or some leading subset
+ thereof. (A user agent may want to truncate the string to 1024 characters for display, for
+ instance.)</p>
+
+ <p>The user agent must <a href=#pause>pause</a> while waiting for the user's response.</p>
+
+ <p>If the user did not confirm the page navigation, then the user agent <dfn id=refused-to-allow-the-document-to-be-unloaded>refused to allow
+ the document to be unloaded</dfn>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If this algorithm was invoked by another instance of the "prompt to unload a document"
+ algorithm (i.e. through the steps below that invoke this algorithm for all descendant browsing
+ contexts), then jump to the step labeled <i>end</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">descendants</var> be the <a href=#list-of-the-descendant-browsing-contexts>list of the descendant browsing
+ contexts</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">descendants</var> is not an empty list, then for each <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> <var title="">b</var> in <var title="">descendants</var> run the following
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#prompt-to-unload-a-document title="prompt to unload a document">Prompt to unload</a> the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">b</var>. If the user
+ <a href=#refused-to-allow-the-document-to-be-unloaded>refused to allow the document to be unloaded</a>, then the user implicitly also <a href=#refused-to-allow-the-document-to-be-unloaded title="refused to allow the document to be unloaded">refused to allow <em>this</em> document to
+ be unloaded</a>; jump to the step labeled <i>end</i>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If the <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state of the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">b</var> is false, then set
+ the <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state of <em>this</em> document to
+ false also.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p><i>End</i>: Decrease the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#ignore-opens-during-unload-counter>ignore-opens-during-unload
+ counter</a> by one.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=unload-a-document>unload a document</dfn>, it must run the following steps. These
+ steps are passed an argument, <var title="">recycle</var>, which is either true or false,
+ indicating whether the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object is going to be re-used. (This is set by the
+ <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code> method.)</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Increase the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#termination-nesting-level>termination nesting level</a> by
+ one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increase the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#ignore-opens-during-unload-counter>ignore-opens-during-unload counter</a> by
+ one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#page-showing>page showing</a> flag is false, then jump to the
+ step labeled <i>unload event</i> below (i.e. skip firing the <code title=event-pagehide><a href=#event-pagehide>pagehide</a></code> event and don't rerun the <a href=#unloading-document-visibility-change-steps>unloading document
+ visibility change steps</a>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#page-showing>page showing</a> flag to false.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>Fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-pagehide><a href=#event-pagehide>pagehide</a></code> at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, but with its <code title=dom-event-target><a href=#dom-event-target>target</a></code> set to the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object (and the <code title=dom-event-currentTarget>currentTarget</code>
+ set to the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object), using the <code><a href=#pagetransitionevent>PageTransitionEvent</a></code> interface,
+ with the <code title=dom-PageTransitionEvent-persisted><a href=#dom-pagetransitionevent-persisted>persisted</a></code> attribute initialized
+ to true if the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state is true, and false otherwise. This
+ event must not bubble, must not be cancelable, and has no default action.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run any <dfn id=unloading-document-visibility-change-steps>unloading document visibility change steps</dfn> for <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that
+ are defined by <a href=#other-applicable-specifications>other applicable specifications</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is specifically intended for use by the Page Visibility specification. <a href=#refsPAGEVIS>[PAGEVIS]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Unload event</i>: If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#fired-unload>fired unload</a> flag is
+ false, <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-unload><a href=#event-unload>unload</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, with <i><a href=#target-override>target override</a></i> set to the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Decrease the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#termination-nesting-level>termination nesting level</a> by
+ one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Release the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If any event listeners were triggered by the earlier <i>unload event</i> step, then set
+ the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state
+ to false and set the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#fired-unload>fired unload</a> flag to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run any <a href=#unloading-document-cleanup-steps>unloading document cleanup steps</a> for <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that are
+ defined by this specification and <a href=#other-applicable-specifications>other applicable specifications</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this algorithm was invoked by another instance of the "unload a document" algorithm
+ (i.e. by the steps below that invoke this algorithm for all descendant browsing contexts), then
+ jump to the step labeled <i>end</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">descendants</var> be the <a href=#list-of-the-descendant-browsing-contexts>list of the descendant browsing
+ contexts</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">descendants</var> is not an empty list, then for each <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> <var title="">b</var> in <var title="">descendants</var> run the following
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#unload-a-document title="unload a document">Unload</a> the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">b</var> with the <var title="">recycle</var>
+ parameter set to false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state of the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <var title="">b</var> is false, then set
+ the <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state of <em>this</em> document to
+ false also.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If both the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state and <var title="">recycle</var> are
+ false, then the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> must <a href=#discard-a-document title="discard a
+ document">discard the <code>Document</code></a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>End</i>: Decrease the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#ignore-opens-during-unload-counter>ignore-opens-during-unload
+ counter</a> by one.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>This specification defines the following <dfn id=unloading-document-cleanup-steps>unloading document cleanup steps</dfn>. Other
+ specifications can define more.</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p><a href=#make-disappear>Make disappear</a> any <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> objects that were created by the <code title=dom-WebSocket><a href=#dom-websocket>WebSocket()</a></code> constructor from the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>If this affected any <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> objects, then set <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state to false.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i>
+ state is false, <a href=#concept-eventsource-forcibly-close title=concept-EventSource-forcibly-close>forcibly close</a> any
+ <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> objects that whose constructor was invoked from the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i>
+ state is false, empty the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>'s <a href=#list-of-active-timers>list of active
+ timers</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-beforeunloadevent-interface><span class=secno>7.6.11.1 </span>The <code><a href=#beforeunloadevent>BeforeUnloadEvent</a></code> interface</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=beforeunloadevent>BeforeUnloadEvent</dfn> : <a href=#event>Event</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-beforeunloadevent-returnvalue title=dom-BeforeUnloadEvent-returnValue>returnValue</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-BeforeUnloadEvent-returnValue><a href=#dom-beforeunloadevent-returnvalue>returnValue</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current return value of the event (the message to show the user).</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to update the message.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>There are no <code><a href=#beforeunloadevent>BeforeUnloadEvent</a></code>-specific initialization methods.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-beforeunloadevent-returnvalue title=dom-BeforeUnloadEvent-returnValue><code>returnValue</code></dfn> attribute
+ represents the message to show the user. When the event is created, the attribute must be set to
+ the empty string. On getting, it must return the last value it was set to. On setting, the
+ attribute must be set to the new value.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=aborting-a-document-load><span class=secno>7.6.12 </span>Aborting a document load</h4>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is <dfn id=abort-a-document title="abort a document">aborted</dfn>, the user agent must
+ run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#abort-a-document title="abort a document">Abort</a> the <a href=#active-document title="active document">active
+ documents</a> of every <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a>. If this results in any of those
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects having their <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state set to false, then set this
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state to false
+ also.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Cancel any instances of the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetch</a> algorithm in the context of
+ this <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, discarding any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> for them, and discarding any further data received from the
+ network for them. If this resulted in any instances of the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetch</a>
+ algorithm being canceled or any <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> or any network data getting discarded, then set the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state to
+ false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has an <a href=#active-parser>active parser</a>, then <a href=#abort-a-parser title="abort a
+ parser">abort that parser</a> and set the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state to false.</li>
+
+ <!-- we could also stop all script, or stop animations -->
+
+ </ol><p>User agents may allow users to explicitly invoke the <a href=#abort-a-document title="abort a document">abort a
+ document</a> algorithm for a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>. If the user does so, then, if that
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is an <a href=#active-document>active document</a>, the user agent should <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-abort><a href=#event-abort>abort</a></code> at
+ that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object before invoking the <a href=#abort-a-document title="abort a
+ document">abort</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ <!-- I'd love to make this more precise, anyone have any suggestions on what it should say? -->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Offline Web Applications-->
+ <h3 id=offline><span class=secno>7.7 </span>Offline Web applications</h3>
+
+ <!-- v2 ideas for appcache:
+
+ * A way to limit what gets download when the user agent is updating the application cache and
+ it turns out the server has changed EVERY page because every page has a dynamic "site last
+ modified" date on it.
+
+ http://groups.google.com/group/gears-users/browse_thread/thread/efbd808325df607a/c73adb34f9b63cf7?hl=en&q=whatwg#c73adb34f9b63cf7
+
+
+ * Multiuser appcaches.
+
+ If the application code (HTML, JS, CSS) is all the same for two users, then appcache works
+ for multiple users by just having the data for the users separate from the logic.
+
+ This is the expected model for most apps. For example, your typical blog has just one set of
+ CSS for all users.
+
+ For systems where the user affects what HTML, JS, and CSS is served back, the spec as written
+ pretty much requires that there be one app per user, and one generic "login" app that then
+ redirects to one of those other apps - and where each app has a different base URL, separate
+ manifest, etc.
+
+ An alternative that we could explore in a future version is to have the manifest include a
+ manifest name, and then have script that allows you to "activate" a particular manifest name
+ for a given appcache.
+
+ So each appcache group would be further subdivided into named subgroups, and for a given
+ manifest URL with such a group of subgroups, one subgroup would be the default one at a time.
+ The inactive ones would just lie dormant, but and the active ones would act like now, but
+ there'd be a scripted way to change the default (and maybe query what available variants
+ exist for the current appcache), so that you could log back in as someone else by just making
+ the script pick the other user's variant, and then reloading.
+
+
+ * Add and remove specific additional files from the cache (e.g. precaching new master entries).
+
+ -->
+
+ <h4 id=introduction-8><span class=secno>7.7.1 </span>Introduction</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>In order to enable users to continue interacting with Web applications and documents even when
+ their network connection is unavailable &mdash; for instance, because they are traveling outside
+ of their ISP's coverage area &mdash; authors can provide a manifest which lists the files that are
+ needed for the Web application to work offline and which causes the user's browser to keep a copy
+ of the files for use offline.</p>
+
+ <p>To illustrate this, consider a simple clock applet consisting of an HTML page "<code title="">clock.html</code>", a CSS style sheet "<code title="">clock.css</code>", and a JavaScript
+ script "<code title="">clock.js</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>Before adding the manifest, these three files might look like this:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!-- clock.html --&gt;
+&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Clock&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;script src="clock.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;link rel="stylesheet" href="clock.css"&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The time is: &lt;output id="clock"&gt;&lt;/output&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+ <pre>/* clock.css */
+output { font: 2em sans-serif; }</pre>
+ <pre>/* clock.js */
+setInterval(function () {
+ document.getElementById('clock').value = new Date();
+}, 1000);</pre>
+
+ <p>If the user tries to open the "<code title="">clock.html</code>" page while offline, though,
+ the user agent (unless it happens to have it still in the local cache) will fail with an
+ error.</p>
+
+ <p>The author can instead provide a manifest of the three files, say "<code title="">clock.appcache</code>":</p>
+
+ <pre>CACHE MANIFEST
+clock.html
+clock.css
+clock.js
+</pre>
+
+ <p>With a small change to the HTML file, the manifest (served as <code><a href=#text/cache-manifest>text/cache-manifest</a></code>)
+ is linked to the application:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!-- clock.html --&gt;
+&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html manifest="clock.appcache"&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Clock&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;script src="clock.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;link rel="stylesheet" href="clock.css"&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The time is: &lt;output id="clock"&gt;&lt;/output&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Now, if the user goes to the page, the browser will cache the files and make them available
+ even when the user is offline.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Authors are encouraged to include the main page in the manifest also, but in
+ practice the page that referenced the manifest is automatically cached even if it isn't explicitly
+ mentioned.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>With the exception of "no-store" directive, HTTP cache headers and restrictions on
+ caching pages served over TLS (encrypted, using <code title="">https:</code>) are overridden by
+ manifests. Thus, pages will not expire from an application cache before the user agent has updated
+ it, and even applications served over TLS can be made to work offline.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=//www.whatwg.org/demos/offline/clock/live-demo/clock.html>View this example online</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=supporting-offline-caching-for-legacy-applications><span class=secno>7.7.1.1 </span>Supporting offline caching for legacy applications</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The application cache feature works best if the application logic is separate from the
+ application and user data, with the logic (markup, scripts, style sheets, images, etc) listed in
+ the manifest and stored in the application cache, with a finite number of static HTML pages for
+ the application, and with the application and user data stored in Web Storage or a client-side
+ Indexed Database, updated dynamically using Web Sockets, <code><a href=#xmlhttprequest>XMLHttpRequest</a></code>, server-sent
+ events, or some other similar mechanism.</p>
+
+ <p>This model results in a fast experience for the user: the application immediately loads, and
+ fresh data is obtained as fast as the network will allow it (possibly while stale data shows).</p>
+
+ <p>Legacy applications, however, tend to be designed so that the user data and the logic are mixed
+ together in the HTML, with each operation resulting in a new HTML page from the server.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, consider a news application. The typical architecture of such an application,
+ when not using the application cache feature, is that the user fetches the main page, and the
+ server returns a dynamically-generated page with the current headlines and the user interface
+ logic mixed together.</p>
+
+ <p>A news application designed for the application cache feature, however, would instead have the
+ main page just consist of the logic, and would then have the main page fetch the data separately
+ from the server, e.g. using <code><a href=#xmlhttprequest>XMLHttpRequest</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The mixed-content model does not work well with the application cache feature: since the
+ content is cached, it would result in the user always seeing the stale data from the previous time
+ the cache was updated.</p>
+
+ <p>While there is no way to make the legacy model work as fast as the separated model, it
+ <em>can</em> at least be retrofitted for offline use using the <a href=#concept-appcache-mode-prefer-online title=concept-appcache-mode-prefer-online>prefer-online</a> <a href=#concept-appcache-mode title=concept-appcache-mode>application cache mode</a>. To do so, list all the static
+ resources used by the HTML page you want to have work offline in an <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>application cache manifest</a>, use the <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code> attribute to select that manifest from the HTML file,
+ and then add the following line at the bottom of the manifest:</p>
+
+ <pre>SETTINGS:
+prefer-online
+NETWORK:
+*</pre>
+
+ <p>This causes the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> to only be used for <a href=#concept-appcache-master title=concept-appcache-master>master entries</a> when the user is offline, and causes the
+ application cache to be used as an atomic HTTP cache (essentially pinning resources listed in the
+ manifest), while allowing all resources not listed in the manifest to be accessed normally when
+ the user is online.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=appcacheevents><span class=secno>7.7.1.2 </span>Event summary</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>When the user visits a page that declares a manifest, the browser will try to update the cache.
+ It does this by fetching a copy of the manifest and, if the manifest has changed since the user
+ agent last saw it, redownloading all the resources it mentions and caching them anew.</p>
+
+ <p>As this is going on, a number of events get fired on the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object
+ to keep the script updated as to the state of the cache update, so that the user can be notified
+ appropriately. The events are as follows:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Event name
+ <th> Interface
+ <th> Fired when...
+ <th> Next events
+ <tbody><tr><td> <dfn id=event-appcache-checking title=event-appcache-checking><code>checking</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> The user agent is checking for an update, or attempting to download the manifest for the
+ first time. <strong>This is always the first event in the sequence.</strong>
+ <td> <code title=event-appcache-noupdate><a href=#event-appcache-noupdate>noupdate</a></code>, <code title=event-appcache-downloading><a href=#event-appcache-downloading>downloading</a></code>, <code title=event-appcache-obsolete><a href=#event-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</a></code>, <code title=event-appcache-error><a href=#event-appcache-error>error</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=event-appcache-noupdate title=event-appcache-noupdate><code>noupdate</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> The manifest hadn't changed.
+ <td> Last event in sequence.
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=event-appcache-downloading title=event-appcache-downloading><code>downloading</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> The user agent has found an update and is fetching it, or is downloading the resources
+ listed by the manifest for the first time.
+ <td> <code title=event-appcache-progress><a href=#event-appcache-progress>progress</a></code>, <code title=event-appcache-error><a href=#event-appcache-error>error</a></code>, <code title=event-appcache-cached><a href=#event-appcache-cached>cached</a></code>, <code title=event-appcache-updateready><a href=#event-appcache-updateready>updateready</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=event-appcache-progress title=event-appcache-progress><code>progress</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#progressevent>ProgressEvent</a></code>
+ <td> The user agent is downloading resources listed by the manifest.
+ The event object's <code title=dom-ProgressEvents-total>total</code> attribute returns the total number of files to be downloaded.
+ The event object's <code title=dom-ProgressEvents-loaded>loaded</code> attribute returns the number of files processed so far.
+ <td> <code title=event-appcache-progress><a href=#event-appcache-progress>progress</a></code>, <code title=event-appcache-error><a href=#event-appcache-error>error</a></code>, <code title=event-appcache-cached><a href=#event-appcache-cached>cached</a></code>, <code title=event-appcache-updateready><a href=#event-appcache-updateready>updateready</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=event-appcache-cached title=event-appcache-cached><code>cached</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> The resources listed in the manifest have been downloaded, and the application is now cached.
+ <td> Last event in sequence.
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=event-appcache-updateready title=event-appcache-updateready><code>updateready</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> The resources listed in the manifest have been newly redownloaded, and the script can use
+ <code title=dom-appcache-swapCache><a href=#dom-appcache-swapcache>swapCache()</a></code> to switch to the new cache.
+ <td> Last event in sequence.
+
+ <tr><td> <dfn id=event-appcache-obsolete title=event-appcache-obsolete><code>obsolete</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> The manifest was found to have become a 404 or 410 page, so the application cache is being deleted.
+ <td> Last event in sequence.
+
+ <tr><td rowspan=4> <dfn id=event-appcache-error title=event-appcache-error><code>error</code></dfn>
+ <td rowspan=4> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> The manifest was a 404 or 410 page, so the attempt to cache the application has been aborted.
+ <td rowspan=3> Last event in sequence.
+
+ <tr><td> The manifest hadn't changed, but the page referencing the manifest failed to download properly.
+
+ <tr><td> A fatal error occurred while fetching the resources listed in the manifest.
+
+ <tr><td> The manifest changed while the update was being run.
+ <td> The user agent will try fetching the files again momentarily.
+
+ </table><p>These events are cancelable; their default action is for the user agent to show download
+ progress information. If the page shows its own update UI, canceling the events will prevent the
+ user agent from showing redundant progress information.</p>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=appcache><span class=secno>7.7.2 </span>Application caches</h4> <!--APPCACHE-->
+
+ <p>An <dfn id=application-cache>application cache</dfn> is a set of cached resources consisting of:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>
+
+ <p>One or more resources (including their out-of-band metadata, such as HTTP headers, if any),
+ identified by URLs, each falling into one (or more) of the following categories:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=concept-appcache-master title=concept-appcache-master>Master entries</dfn>
+
+ <dd><p class=note>These are documents that were added to the cache because a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> was <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigated</a> to that document and the document
+ indicated that this was its cache, using the <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>The manifest</dfn>
+
+ <dd><p class=note>This is the resource corresponding to the URL that was given in a master
+ entry's <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element's <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code> attribute.
+ The manifest is fetched and processed during the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download
+ process</a>. All the <a href=#concept-appcache-master title=concept-appcache-master>master entries</a> have the
+ <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same origin</a> as the manifest.</p>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=concept-appcache-explicit title=concept-appcache-explicit>Explicit entries</dfn>
+
+ <dd><p class=note>These are the resources that were listed in the cache's <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>manifest</a> in an <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-explicit title=concept-appcache-manifest-explicit>explicit section</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn id=concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>Fallback entries</dfn>
+
+ <dd><p class=note>These are the resources that were listed in the cache's <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>manifest</a> in a <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-fallback title=concept-appcache-manifest-fallback>fallback section</a>.</p>
+
+
+ </dl><p><a href=#concept-appcache-explicit title=concept-appcache-explicit>Explicit entries</a> and <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>Fallback entries</a> can be marked as <dfn id=concept-appcache-foreign title=concept-appcache-foreign>foreign</dfn>, which means that they have a <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code> attribute but that it doesn't point at this cache's
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>manifest</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A URL in the list can be flagged with multiple different types, and thus an
+ entry can end up being categorised as multiple entries. For example, an entry can be a manifest
+ entry and an explicit entry at the same time, if the manifest is listed within the manifest.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Zero or more <dfn id=concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespaces</dfn>, each of
+ which is mapped to a <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>fallback entry</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>These are URLs used as <a href=#concept-appcache-matches-fallback title=concept-appcache-matches-fallback>prefix
+ match patterns</a> for resources that are to be fetched from the network if possible, or to
+ be replaced by the corresponding <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>fallback entry</a>
+ if not. Each namespace URL has the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>the manifest</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Zero or more URLs that form the <dfn id=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online
+ whitelist namespaces</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>These are used as prefix match patterns, and declare URLs for which the user
+ agent will ignore the application cache, instead fetching them normally (i.e. from the network
+ or local HTTP cache as appropriate).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>An <dfn id=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard>online whitelist wildcard
+ flag</dfn>, which is either <i title="">open</i> or <i title="">blocking</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <i title="">open</i> state indicates that any URL not listed as cached is to
+ be implicitly treated as being in the <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online
+ whitelist namespaces</a>; the <i title="">blocking</i> state indicates that URLs not listed
+ explicitly in the manifest are to be treated as unavailable.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=concept-appcache-mode title=concept-appcache-mode>cache mode flag</dfn>, which is either in the <dfn id=concept-appcache-mode-fast title=concept-appcache-mode-fast><i>fast</i></dfn> state or the <dfn id=concept-appcache-mode-prefer-online title=concept-appcache-mode-prefer-online><i>prefer-online</i></dfn> state.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ul><p>Each <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> has a <dfn id=concept-appcache-completeness title=concept-appcache-completeness>completeness flag</dfn>, which is either <i>complete</i> or
+ <i>incomplete</i>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>An <dfn id=application-cache-group>application cache group</dfn> is a group of <a href=#application-cache title="application cache">application
+ caches</a>, identified by the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> of a resource <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>manifest</a> which is used to populate the caches in the
+ group.</p>
+
+ <p>An <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> is <dfn id=concept-appcache-newer title=concept-appcache-newer>newer</dfn> than
+ another if it was created after the other (in other words, <a href=#application-cache title="application
+ cache">application caches</a> in an <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> have a chronological
+ order).</p>
+
+ <p>Only the newest <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in an <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> can
+ have its <a href=#concept-appcache-completeness title=concept-appcache-completeness>completeness flag</a> set to
+ <i>incomplete</i>; the others are always all <i>complete</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> has an <dfn id=concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>update
+ status</dfn>, which is one of the following: <i>idle</i>, <i>checking</i>, <i>downloading</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=relevant-application-cache>relevant application cache</dfn> is an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> that is the <a href=#concept-appcache-newer title=concept-appcache-newer>newest</a> in its <a href=#application-cache-group title="application cache
+ group">group</a> to be <i>complete</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> has a <dfn id=concept-appcache-pending-masters title=concept-appcache-pending-masters>list of pending master entries</dfn>. Each entry in this
+ list consists of a resource and a corresponding <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object. It is used during
+ the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a> to ensure that new master entries are cached
+ even if the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a> was already running for their
+ <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> when they were loaded.</p>
+
+ <p>An <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> can be marked as <dfn id=concept-appcache-obsolete title=concept-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</dfn>, meaning that it must be ignored when looking at
+ what <a href=#application-cache-group title="application cache group">application cache groups</a> exist.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <dfn id=cache-host>cache host</dfn> is a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> or a <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code>
+ object. A <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> can be associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> initially is not associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>, but
+ can become associated with one early during the page load process, when steps <a href=#parser-appcache>in the parser</a> and in the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a>
+ sections cause <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>cache selection</a> to occur.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> can be associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>
+ when it is created.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> has an associated <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Multiple <a href=#application-cache title="application cache">application caches</a> in different <a href=#application-cache-group title="application cache group">application cache groups</a> can contain the same resource,
+ e.g. if the manifests all reference that resource. If the user agent is to <dfn id=concept-appcache-selection title=concept-appcache-selection>select an application cache</dfn> from a list of <a href=#relevant-application-cache title="relevant application cache">relevant application caches</a> that contain a resource, the
+ user agent must use the application cache that the user most likely wants to see the resource
+ from, taking into account the following:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>which application cache was most recently updated,
+
+ <li>which application cache was being used to display the resource from which the user decided to
+ look at the new resource, and
+
+ <li>which application cache the user prefers.
+
+ </ul><hr><p>A URL <dfn id=concept-appcache-matches-fallback title=concept-appcache-matches-fallback>matches a fallback namespace</dfn> if
+ there exists a <a href=#relevant-application-cache>relevant application cache</a> whose <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>manifest</a>'s URL has the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the
+ URL in question, and that has a <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback
+ namespace</a> that is a <a href=#prefix-match>prefix match</a> for the URL being examined. If multiple
+ fallback namespaces match the same URL, the longest one is the one that matches. A URL looking for
+ a fallback namespace can match more than one application cache at a time, but only matches one
+ namespace in each cache.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>If a manifest <code title="">http://example.com/app1/manifest</code> declares that <code title="">http://example.com/resources/images</code> is a fallback namespace, and the user
+ navigates to <code title="">HTTP://EXAMPLE.COM:80/resources/images/cat.png</code>, then the user
+ agent will decide that the application cache identified by <code title="">http://example.com/app1/manifest</code> contains a namespace with a match for that
+ URL.</p>
+
+ <!-- "resolve a url" canonicalises the case for the scheme and host and removes the port if it is
+ the default -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=manifests><span class=secno>7.7.3 </span>The cache manifest syntax</h4>
+
+
+ <h5 id=some-sample-manifests><span class=secno>7.7.3.1 </span>Some sample manifests</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example manifest requires two images and a style sheet to be cached and whitelists a CGI
+ script.</p>
+
+ <pre>CACHE MANIFEST
+# the above line is required
+
+# this is a comment
+# there can be as many of these anywhere in the file
+# they are all ignored
+ # comments can have spaces before them
+ # but must be alone on the line
+
+# blank lines are ignored too
+
+# these are files that need to be cached they can either be listed
+# first, or a "CACHE:" header could be put before them, as is done
+# lower down.
+images/sound-icon.png
+images/background.png
+# note that each file has to be put on its own line
+
+# here is a file for the online whitelist -- it isn't cached, and
+# references to this file will bypass the cache, always hitting the
+# network (or trying to, if the user is offline).
+NETWORK:
+comm.cgi
+
+# here is another set of files to cache, this time just the CSS file.
+CACHE:
+style/default.css</pre>
+
+ <p>It could equally well be written as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>CACHE MANIFEST
+NETWORK:
+comm.cgi
+CACHE:
+style/default.css
+images/sound-icon.png
+images/background.png</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Offline application cache manifests can use absolute paths or even absolute URLs:</p>
+
+ <pre>CACHE MANIFEST
+
+/main/home
+/main/app.js
+/settings/home
+/settings/app.js
+http://img.example.com/logo.png
+http://img.example.com/check.png
+http://img.example.com/cross.png</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following manifest defines a catch-all error page that is displayed for any page on the
+ site while the user is offline. It also specifies that the <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard>online whitelist wildcard flag</a> is <i title="">open</i>, meaning that accesses to resources on other sites will not be blocked.
+ (Resources on the same site are already not blocked because of the catch-all fallback
+ namespace.)</p>
+
+ <p>So long as all pages on the site reference this manifest, they will get cached locally as they
+ are fetched, so that subsequent hits to the same page will load the page immediately from the
+ cache. Until the manifest is changed, those pages will not be fetched from the server again. When
+ the manifest changes, then all the files will be redownloaded.</p>
+
+ <p>Subresources, such as style sheets, images, etc, would only be cached using the regular HTTP
+ caching semantics, however.</p>
+
+ <pre>CACHE MANIFEST
+FALLBACK:
+/ /offline.html
+NETWORK:
+*</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=writing-cache-manifests><span class=secno>7.7.3.2 </span>Writing cache manifests</h5>
+
+ <p>Manifests must be served using the <code><a href=#text/cache-manifest>text/cache-manifest</a></code> <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a>. All
+ resources served using the <code><a href=#text/cache-manifest>text/cache-manifest</a></code> <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> must follow the
+ syntax of application cache manifests, as described in this section.</p>
+
+ <p>An application cache manifest is a text file, whose text is encoded using UTF-8. Data in
+ application cache manifests is line-based. Newlines must be represented by U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
+ characters, U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters, or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) U+000A LINE
+ FEED (LF) pairs. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is a <a href=#willful-violation>willful violation</a> of RFC 2046, which requires all <code title="">text/*</code> types to only allow CRLF line breaks. This requirement, however, is
+ outdated; the use of CR, LF, and CRLF line breaks is commonly supported and indeed sometimes CRLF
+ is <em>not</em> supported by text editors. <a href=#refsRFC2046>[RFC2046]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The first line of an application cache manifest must consist of the string "CACHE", a single
+ U+0020 SPACE character, the string "MANIFEST", and either a U+0020 SPACE character, a U+0009
+ CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) character, a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character, or a U+000D CARRIAGE
+ RETURN (CR) character. The first line may optionally be preceded by a U+FEFF BYTE ORDER MARK (BOM)
+ character. If any other text is found on the first line, it is ignored.</p>
+
+ <p>Subsequent lines, if any, must all be one of the following:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>A blank line
+ <dd>
+ <p>Blank lines must consist of zero or more U+0020 SPACE and
+ U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) characters only.</p>
+
+ <dt>A comment
+ <dd>
+ <p>Comment lines must consist of zero or more U+0020 SPACE and U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)
+ characters, followed by a single U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character (#), followed by zero or more
+ characters other than U+000A LINE FEED (LF) and U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Comments must be on a line on their own. If they were to be included on a line
+ with a URL, the "#" would be mistaken for part of a fragment identifier.</p>
+
+ <dt>A section header
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Section headers change the current section. There are four possible section headers:
+
+ <dl><dt><code>CACHE:</code>
+ <dd>Switches to the <dfn id=concept-appcache-manifest-explicit title=concept-appcache-manifest-explicit>explicit section</dfn>.
+
+ <dt><code>FALLBACK:</code>
+ <dd>Switches to the <dfn id=concept-appcache-manifest-fallback title=concept-appcache-manifest-fallback>fallback section</dfn>.
+
+ <dt><code>NETWORK:</code>
+ <dd>Switches to the <dfn id=concept-appcache-manifest-network title=concept-appcache-manifest-network>online whitelist section</dfn>.
+
+ <dt><code>SETTINGS:</code>
+ <dd>Switches to the <dfn id=concept-appcache-manifest-settings title=concept-appcache-manifest-settings>settings section</dfn>.
+
+ </dl><p>Section header lines must consist of zero or more U+0020 SPACE and U+0009 CHARACTER
+ TABULATION (tab) characters, followed by one of the names above (including the U+003A COLON
+ character (:)) followed by zero or more U+0020 SPACE and U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)
+ characters.</p>
+
+ <p>Ironically, by default, the current section is the <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-explicit title=concept-appcache-manifest-explicit>explicit section</a>.</p>
+
+ <dt>Data for the current section
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The format that data lines must take depends on the current section.</p>
+
+ <p>When the current section is the <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-explicit title=concept-appcache-manifest-explicit>explicit
+ section</a>, data lines must consist of zero or more U+0020 SPACE and U+0009 CHARACTER
+ TABULATION (tab) characters, a <a href=#valid-url>valid URL</a> identifying a resource other than the
+ manifest itself, and then zero or more U+0020 SPACE and U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)
+ characters.</p>
+
+ <p>When the current section is the <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-fallback title=concept-appcache-manifest-fallback>fallback
+ section</a>, data lines must consist of zero or more U+0020 SPACE and U+0009 CHARACTER
+ TABULATION (tab) characters, a <a href=#valid-url>valid URL</a> identifying a resource other than the
+ manifest itself, one or more U+0020 SPACE and U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) characters,
+ another <a href=#valid-url>valid URL</a> identifying a resource other than the manifest itself, and then
+ zero or more U+0020 SPACE and U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) characters.</p>
+
+ <p>When the current section is the <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-network title=concept-appcache-manifest-network>online
+ whitelist section</a>, data lines must consist of zero or more U+0020 SPACE and U+0009
+ CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) characters, either a single U+002A ASTERISK character (*) <!--
+ concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard --> or a <a href=#valid-url>valid URL</a> identifying a resource
+ other than the manifest itself, and then zero or more U+0020 SPACE and U+0009 CHARACTER
+ TABULATION (tab) characters.</p>
+
+ <p>When the current section is the <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-settings title=concept-appcache-manifest-settings>settings
+ section</a>, data lines must consist of zero or more U+0020 SPACE and U+0009 CHARACTER
+ TABULATION (tab) characters, a <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-setting title=concept-appcache-manifest-setting>setting</a>,
+ and then zero or more U+0020 SPACE and U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) characters.</p>
+
+ <p>Currently only one <dfn id=concept-appcache-manifest-setting title=concept-appcache-manifest-setting>setting</dfn> is
+ defined:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The cache mode setting</dt>
+
+ <dd>This consists of the string "<code title="">prefer-online</code>". It sets the <a href=#concept-appcache-mode title=concept-appcache-mode>cache mode</a> to <a href=#concept-appcache-mode-prefer-online title=concept-appcache-mode-prefer-online>prefer-online</a>. (The <a href=#concept-appcache-mode title=concept-appcache-mode>cache mode</a> defaults to <a href=#concept-appcache-mode-fast title=concept-appcache-mode-fast>fast</a>.)</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Within a <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-settings title=concept-appcache-manifest-settings>settings section</a>, each <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-setting title=concept-appcache-manifest-setting>setting</a> must occur no more than once.</p>
+
+<!--
+ <p class="note">The URLs in data lines can't be empty strings, since those would be relative
+ URLs to the manifest itself. Such lines would be confused with blank or invalid lines,
+ anyway.</p>
+-->
+
+ </dl><p>Manifests may contain sections more than once. Sections may be empty.</p>
+
+ <p>URLs that are to be fallback pages associated with <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespaces</a>, and those namespaces themselves,
+ must be given in <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-fallback title=concept-appcache-manifest-fallback>fallback sections</a>, with
+ the namespace being the first URL of the data line, and the corresponding fallback page being the
+ second URL. All the other pages to be cached must be listed in <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-explicit title=concept-appcache-manifest-explicit>explicit sections</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>Fallback namespaces</a> and <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>fallback entries</a> must have the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a>
+ as the manifest itself.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespace</a> must not be listed more
+ than once.</p>
+
+ <p>Namespaces that the user agent is to put into the <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online whitelist</a> must all be specified in <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-network title=concept-appcache-manifest-network>online whitelist sections</a>. (This is needed for
+ any URL that the page is intending to use to communicate back to the server.) To specify that all
+ URLs are automatically whitelisted in this way, a U+002A ASTERISK character (*) may be specified
+ as one of the URLs. <!-- concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard --></p>
+
+ <p>Authors should not include namespaces in the <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online whitelist</a> for which another namespace in
+ the <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online whitelist</a> is a <a href=#prefix-match>prefix
+ match</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#relative-url title="relative URL">Relative URLs</a> must be given relative to the manifest's own
+ URL. All URLs in the manifest must have the same <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a> as
+ the manifest itself (either explicitly or implicitly, through the use of <a href=#relative-url title="relative
+ URL">relative URLs</a>). <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>URLs in manifests must not have fragment identifiers (i.e. the U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character
+ isn't allowed in URLs in manifests).</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>Fallback namespaces</a> and namespaces in the
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online whitelist</a> are matched by <a href=#prefix-match>prefix
+ match</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=parsing-cache-manifests><span class=secno>7.7.3.3 </span>Parsing cache manifests</h5>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=parse-a-manifest>parse a manifest</dfn>, it means that the user agent must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p><a href=#utf-8-decode>UTF-8 decode</a> the byte stream corresponding with the manifest to be parsed.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#utf-8-decode>UTF-8 decode</a> algorithm strips a leading BOM, if any.</p>
+
+ <!--All U+0000 NULL characters must be replaced by U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTERs. (this isn't
+ black-box testable since neither U+0000 nor U+FFFD are valid anywhere in the syntax and thus
+ both will be treated the same anyway)-->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">base URL</var> be the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> representing the
+ manifest.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Apply the <a href=#url-parser>URL parser</a> steps to the <var title="">base URL</var>, so that the
+ components from its <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> can be used by the subseqent steps of this
+ algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">explicit URLs</var> be an initially empty list of <a href=#absolute-url title="absolute
+ URL">absolute URLs</a> for <a href=#concept-appcache-explicit title=concept-appcache-explicit>explicit
+ entries</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">fallback URLs</var> be an initially empty mapping of <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespaces</a> to <a href=#absolute-url title="absolute
+ URL">absolute URLs</a> for <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>fallback
+ entries</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">online whitelist namespaces</var> be an initially empty list of <a href=#absolute-url title="absolute URL">absolute URLs</a> for an <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online whitelist</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">online whitelist wildcard flag</var> be <i title="">blocking</i>. <!--
+ concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard --></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">cache mode flag</var> be <i title="">fast</i>. <!--
+ concept-appcache-mode-fast --></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the decoded text of the manifest's byte stream.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the first character.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the characters starting from <var title="">position</var> are "CACHE", followed by a
+ U+0020 SPACE character, followed by "MANIFEST", then advance <var title="">position</var> to the
+ next character after those. Otherwise, this isn't a cache manifest; abort this algorithm with a
+ failure while checking for the magic signature.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character at <var title="">position</var> is neither a U+0020 SPACE character, a
+ U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) character, U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character, nor a U+000D
+ CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) character, then this isn't a cache manifest; abort this algorithm with a
+ failure while checking for the magic signature.</li>
+
+ <li><p>This is a cache manifest. The algorithm cannot fail beyond
+ this point (though bogus lines can get ignored).</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <em>not</em> U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
+ or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters, and ignore those characters. (Extra text on the first
+ line, after the signature, is ignored.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">mode</var> be "explicit".</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Start of line</i>: If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, then jump to the last step. Otherwise, <a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>collect a sequence of
+ characters</a> that are U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), U+0020 SPACE, or
+ U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) characters.</li>
+ <!-- strips leading spaces, ignores space-only lines, ignores blank lines -->
+
+ <li><p>Now, <a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <em>not</em> U+000A LINE FEED
+ (LF) or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters, and let the result be <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Drop any trailing U+0020 SPACE and U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) characters at the end
+ of <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">line</var> is the empty string, then jump back to the step labeled <i>start
+ of line</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the first character in <var title="">line</var> is a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character (#),
+ then jump back to the step labeled <i>start of line</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">line</var> equals "CACHE:" (the word "CACHE" followed by a U+003A COLON
+ character (:)), then set <var title="">mode</var> to "explicit" and jump back to the step labeled
+ <i>start of line</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">line</var> equals "FALLBACK:" (the word "FALLBACK" followed by a U+003A
+ COLON character (:)), then set <var title="">mode</var> to "fallback" and jump back to the step
+ labeled <i>start of line</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">line</var> equals "NETWORK:" (the word "NETWORK" followed by a U+003A
+ COLON character (:)), then set <var title="">mode</var> to "online whitelist" and jump back to
+ the step labeled <i>start of line</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">line</var> equals "SETTINGS:" (the word "SETTINGS" followed by a U+003A
+ COLON character (:)), then set <var title="">mode</var> to "settings" and jump back to the step
+ labeled <i>start of line</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">line</var> ends with a U+003A COLON character (:), then set <var title="">mode</var> to "unknown" and jump back to the step labeled <i>start of line</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>This is either a data line or it is syntactically incorrect.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">line</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">tokens</var> be a list of strings, initially empty.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>While <var title="">position</var> doesn't point past the end of <var title="">line</var>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">current token</var> be an empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>While <var title="">position</var> doesn't point past the end of <var title="">line</var> and the character at <var title="">position</var> is neither a U+0020 SPACE
+ nor a U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) character, add the character at <var title="">position</var> to <var title="">current token</var> and advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character in <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">current token</var> to the <var title="">tokens</var> list.</li>
+
+ <li><p>While <var title="">position</var> doesn't point past the end of <var title="">line</var> and the character at <var title="">position</var> is either a U+0020 SPACE
+ or a U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) character, advance <var title="">position</var> to the
+ next character in <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Process <var title="">tokens</var> as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">mode</var> is "explicit"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the first item in <var title="">tokens</var>,
+ relative to <var title="">base URL</var>, with the URL character encoding set to UTF-8;
+ ignore the rest.</p>
+
+ <p>If this fails, then jump back to the step labeled <i>start of line</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> has a different <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a> component than <var title="">base URL</var> (the
+ manifest's URL), then jump back to the step labeled <i>start of line</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">new URL</var> be the result of applying the <a href=#concept-url-serializer title=concept-url-serializer>URL serializer</a> algorithm to the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed
+ URL</a>, with the <i>exclude fragment flag</i> set.</p>
+
+ <p>Add <var title="">new URL</var> to the <var title="">explicit URLs</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">mode</var> is "fallback"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">part one</var> be the first token in <var title="">tokens</var>, and let
+ <var title="">part two</var> be the second token in <var title="">tokens</var>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> <var title="">part one</var> and <var title="">part two</var>, relative to <var title="">base URL</var>, with the URL character
+ encoding set to UTF-8.</p>
+
+ <p>If either fails, then jump back to the step labeled <i>start of line</i>.</p>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <p>If the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> corresponding to either <var title="">part one</var> or
+ <var title="">part two</var> does not have the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the manifest's URL,
+ then jump back to the step labeled <i>start of line</i>.</p> <!-- SECURITY -->
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">part one</var> be the result of applying the <a href=#concept-url-serializer title=concept-url-serializer>URL serializer</a> algorithm to the first resulting
+ <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>, with the <i>exclude fragment flag</i> set.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">part two</var> be the result of applying the <a href=#concept-url-serializer title=concept-url-serializer>URL serializer</a> algorithm to the second resulting
+ <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>, with the <i>exclude fragment flag</i> set.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">part one</var> is already in the <var title="">fallback URLs</var> mapping
+ as a <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespace</a>, then jump back to
+ the step labeled <i>start of line</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, add <var title="">part one</var> to the <var title="">fallback URLs</var>
+ mapping as a <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespace</a>, mapped to
+ <var title="">part two</var> as the <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>fallback
+ entry</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">mode</var> is "online whitelist"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the first item in <var title="">tokens</var> is a U+002A ASTERISK character (*), then
+ set <var title="">online whitelist wildcard flag</var> to <i title="">open</i> and jump back
+ to the step labeled <i>start of line</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolve</a> the first item in <var title="">tokens</var>, relative to <var title="">base URL</var>, with the URL character
+ encoding set to UTF-8; ignore the rest.</p>
+
+ <p>If this fails, then jump back to the step labeled <i>start of line</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> has a different <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a> component than <var title="">base URL</var> (the
+ manifest's URL), then jump back to the step labeled <i>start of line</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">new URL</var> be the result of applying the <a href=#concept-url-serializer title=concept-url-serializer>URL serializer</a> algorithm to the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed
+ URL</a>, with the <i>exclude fragment flag</i> set.</p>
+
+ <p>Add <var title="">new URL</var> to the <var title="">online whitelist namespaces</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">mode</var> is "settings"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">tokens</var> contains a single token, and that token is a
+ <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">prefer-online</code>", then
+ set <var title="">cache mode flag</var> to <i title="">prefer-online</i> and jump back to the
+ step labeled <i>start of line</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the line is an unsupported setting: do nothing; the line is ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">mode</var> is "unknown"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Do nothing. The line is ignored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Jump back to the step labeled <i>start of line</i>. (That step jumps to the next, and last,
+ step when the end of the file is reached.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the <var title="">explicit URLs</var> list, the <var title="">fallback URLs</var>
+ mapping, the <var title="">online whitelist namespaces</var>, the <var title="">online whitelist
+ wildcard flag</var>, and the <var title="">cache mode flag</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><div class=note>
+
+ <p>The resource that declares the manifest (with the <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code> attribute) will always get taken from the cache,
+ whether it is listed in the cache or not, even if it is listed in an <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online whitelist namespace</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If a resource is listed in the <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-explicit title=concept-appcache-manifest-explicit>explicit
+ section</a> or as a <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>fallback entry</a> in the <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-fallback title=concept-appcache-manifest-fallback>fallback section</a>, the resource will always be
+ taken from the cache, regardless of any other matching entries in the <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespaces</a> or <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online whitelist namespaces</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespace</a> and an <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online whitelist namespace</a> overlap, the <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online whitelist namespace</a> has priority.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard>online whitelist wildcard
+ flag</a> is applied last, only for URLs that match neither the <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online whitelist namespace</a> nor the <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespace</a> and that are not listed in the
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest-explicit title=concept-appcache-manifest-explicit>explicit section</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=downloading-or-updating-an-application-cache><span class=secno>7.7.4 </span>Downloading or updating an application cache</h4>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is required (by other parts of this specification) to start the
+ <dfn id=application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</dfn> for an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> purported to
+ identify a <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>manifest</a>, or for an <a href=#application-cache-group>application
+ cache group</a>, potentially given a particular <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>, and potentially given
+ a <a href=#concept-appcache-master title=concept-appcache-master>master</a> resource, the user agent must run the steps
+ below. These steps are always run asynchronously, in parallel with the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>
+ <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Some of these steps have requirements that only apply if the user agent <dfn id=shows-caching-progress>shows caching
+ progress</dfn>. Support for this is optional. Caching progress UI could consist of a progress bar
+ or message panel in the user agent's interface, or an overlay, or something else. Certain events
+ fired during the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a> allow the script to override the
+ display of such an interface. (Such events are delayed until after the <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event has fired.)
+
+ The goal of this is to allow Web applications to provide more
+ seamless update mechanisms, hiding from the user the mechanics of the application cache mechanism.
+ User agents may display user interfaces independent of this, but are encouraged to not show
+ prominent update progress notifications for applications that cancel the relevant events.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a> steps are as follows:
+
+ <ol><li><p>Optionally, wait until the permission to start the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download
+ process</a> has been obtained from the user and until the user agent is confident that the
+ network is available. This could include doing nothing until the user explicitly opts-in to
+ caching the site, or could involve prompting the user for permission. The algorithm might never
+ get past this point. (This step is particularly intended to be used by user agents running on
+ severely space-constrained devices or in highly privacy-sensitive environments).</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Atomically, so as to avoid race conditions, perform the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Pick the appropriate substeps:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If these steps were invoked with an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> purported to identify a
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>manifest</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">manifest URL</var> be that <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If there is no <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> identified by <var title="">manifest
+ URL</var>, then create a new <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> identified by <var title="">manifest URL</var>. Initially, it has no <a href=#application-cache title="application
+ cache">application caches</a>. One will be created later in this algorithm.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If these steps were invoked with an <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">manifest URL</var> be the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> of the <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>manifest</a> used to identify the <a href=#application-cache-group>application
+ cache group</a> to be updated.</p>
+
+ <p>If that <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> is <a href=#concept-appcache-obsolete title=concept-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</a>, then abort this instance of the
+ <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a>. This can happen if another instance of this
+ algorithm found the manifest to be 404 or 410 while this algorithm was waiting in the first
+ step above.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">cache group</var> be the <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a>
+ identified by <var title="">manifest URL</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If these steps were invoked with a <a href=#concept-appcache-master title=concept-appcache-master>master</a>
+ resource, then add the resource, along with the resource's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, to <var title="">cache group</var>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-pending-masters title=concept-appcache-pending-masters>list of pending
+ master entries</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If these steps were invoked with a <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>, and the <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>status</a> of <var title="">cache group</var> is
+ <i>checking</i> or <i>downloading</i>, then <a href=#queue-a-post-load-task>queue a post-load task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a
+ simple event</a> named <code title=event-appcache-checking><a href=#event-appcache-checking>checking</a></code> that is
+ cancelable at the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of that <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>. The
+ default action of this event must be, if the user agent <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>,
+ the display of some sort of user interface indicating to the user that the user agent is
+ checking to see if it can download the application.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If these steps were invoked with a <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>, and the <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>status</a> of <var title="">cache group</var> is
+ <i>downloading</i>, then also <a href=#queue-a-post-load-task>queue a post-load task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-appcache-downloading><a href=#event-appcache-downloading>downloading</a></code> that is
+ cancelable at the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of that <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>. The
+ default action of this event must be, if the user agent <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>,
+ the display of some sort of user interface indicating to the user the application is being
+ downloaded.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>status</a> of the <var title="">cache
+ group</var> is either <i>checking</i> or <i>downloading</i>, then abort this instance of the
+ <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a>, as an update is already in progress.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>status</a> of <var title="">cache
+ group</var> to <i>checking</i>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in
+ <var title="">cache group</var>, <a href=#queue-a-post-load-task>queue a post-load task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> that is cancelable named <code title=event-appcache-checking><a href=#event-appcache-checking>checking</a></code> at
+ the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of the <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>. The default action
+ of these events must be, if the user agent <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the display of
+ some sort of user interface indicating to the user that the user agent is checking for the
+ availability of updates.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>The remainder of the steps run asynchronously.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">cache group</var> already has an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in it, then
+ this is an <dfn id=concept-appcache-upgrade title=concept-appcache-upgrade>upgrade attempt</dfn>. Otherwise, this is a
+ <dfn id=concept-appcache-cache title=concept-appcache-cache>cache attempt</dfn>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If this is a <a href=#concept-appcache-cache title=concept-appcache-cache>cache attempt</a>, then this
+ algorithm was invoked with a <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>; <a href=#queue-a-post-load-task>queue a post-load task</a> to
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-appcache-checking><a href=#event-appcache-checking>checking</a></code> that
+ is cancelable at the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of that <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>. The
+ default action of this event must be, if the user agent <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the
+ display of some sort of user interface indicating to the user that the user agent is checking for
+ the availability of updates.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Fetching the manifest</i>: <a href=#fetch>Fetch</a><!--FETCH--> the resource from <var title="">manifest URL</var> with the <i>synchronous flag</i> set, and let <var title="">manifest</var> be that resource. HTTP caching semantics should be honored for this
+ request.</p> <!-- http-origin privacy sensitive, though it doesn't matter, since this can never
+ be cross-origin -->
+
+ <p>Parse <var title="">manifest</var> according to the <a href=#parse-a-manifest title="parse a manifest">rules for
+ parsing manifests</a>, obtaining a list of <a href=#concept-appcache-explicit title=concept-appcache-explicit>explicit
+ entries</a>, <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>fallback entries</a> and the <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespaces</a> that map to them, entries for
+ the <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online whitelist</a>, and values for the
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard>online whitelist wildcard flag</a>
+ and the <a href=#concept-appcache-mode title=concept-appcache-mode>cache mode flag</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> of the resource is ignored &mdash; it is assumed to
+ be <code><a href=#text/cache-manifest>text/cache-manifest</a></code>. In the future, if new manifest formats are supported, the
+ different types will probably be distinguished on the basis of the file signatures (for the
+ current format, that is the "<code title="">CACHE&nbsp;MANIFEST</code>" string at the top of the
+ file).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <i>fetching the manifest</i> fails due to a 404 or 410 response <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or equivalent</a>, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Mark <var title="">cache group</var> as <a href=#concept-appcache-obsolete title=concept-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</a>. This <var title="">cache group</var> no
+ longer exists for any purpose other than the processing of <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects
+ already associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in the <var title="">cache
+ group</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">task list</var> be an empty list of <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in
+ <var title="">cache group</var>, create a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire
+ a simple event</a> named <code title=event-appcache-obsolete><a href=#event-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</a></code> that is
+ cancelable at the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of the <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>, and
+ append it to <var title="">task list</var>. The default action of these events must be, if the
+ user agent <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the display of some sort of user interface
+ indicating to the user that the application is no longer available for offline use.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each entry in <var title="">cache group</var>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-pending-masters title=concept-appcache-pending-masters>list of pending master entries</a>, create a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that is cancelable named
+ <code title=event-appcache-error><a href=#event-appcache-error>error</a></code> (not <code title=event-appcache-obsolete><a href=#event-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</a></code>!) at the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code>
+ singleton of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> for this entry, if there still is one, and append it to
+ <var title="">task list</var>. The default action of this event must be, if the user agent
+ <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the display of some sort of user interface indicating to
+ the user that the user agent failed to save the application for offline use.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">cache group</var> has an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> whose <a href=#concept-appcache-completeness title=concept-appcache-completeness>completeness flag</a> is <i>incomplete</i>, then
+ discard that <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If appropriate, remove any user interface indicating that an update for this cache is in
+ progress.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>status</a> of <var title="">cache
+ group</var> be <i>idle</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in <var title="">task list</var>, <a href=#queue-a-post-load-task title="queue a post-load task">queue that task as a post-load task</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <i>fetching the manifest</i> fails in some other way (e.g. the server returns
+ another 4xx or 5xx response <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or equivalent</a>, or
+ there is a DNS error, or the connection times out, or the user cancels the download, or the
+ parser for manifests fails when checking the magic signature), or if the server returned a
+ redirect, then run the <a href=#cache-failure-steps>cache failure steps</a>. <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If this is an <a href=#concept-appcache-upgrade title=concept-appcache-upgrade>upgrade attempt</a> and the newly
+ downloaded <var title="">manifest</var> is byte-for-byte identical to the manifest found in the
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-newer title=concept-appcache-newer>newest</a> <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in <var title="">cache group</var>, or the server reported it as "304 Not Modified" <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or equivalent</a>, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">cache</var> be the <a href=#concept-appcache-newer title=concept-appcache-newer>newest</a>
+ <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in <var title="">cache group</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">task list</var> be an empty list of <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a>.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each entry in <var title="">cache group</var>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-pending-masters title=concept-appcache-pending-masters>list of pending master entries</a>, wait for the
+ resource for this entry to have either completely downloaded or failed.</p>
+
+ <p>If the download failed (e.g. the server returns a 4xx or 5xx response <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or equivalent</a>, or there is a DNS error, the
+ connection times out, or the user cancels the download), or if the resource is labeled with
+ the "no-store" cache directive, then create a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> to
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that is cancelable named <code title=event-appcache-error><a href=#event-appcache-error>error</a></code> at the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of
+ the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> for this entry, if there still is one, and append it to <var title="">task list</var>. The default action of this event must be, if the user agent
+ <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the display of some sort of user interface indicating to
+ the user that the user agent failed to save the application for offline use.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, associate the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> for this entry with <var title="">cache</var>; store the resource for this entry in <var title="">cache</var>, if it
+ isn't already there, and categorise its entry as a <a href=#concept-appcache-master title=concept-appcache-master>master entry</a>. If applying the <a href=#url-parser>URL parser</a>
+ algorithm to the resource's <a href=#url>URL</a> results in a <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> that has a
+ non-null <a href=#concept-url-fragment title=concept-url-fragment>fragment</a> component, the <a href=#url>URL</a>
+ used for the entry in <var title="">cache</var> must instead be the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>
+ obtained from applying the <a href=#concept-url-serializer title=concept-url-serializer>URL serializer</a>
+ algorithm to the <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> with the <i>exclude fragment flag</i> set
+ (application caches never include fragment identifiers).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in
+ <var title="">cache group</var>, create a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire
+ a simple event</a> that is cancelable named <code title=event-appcache-noupdate><a href=#event-appcache-noupdate>noupdate</a></code> at the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton
+ of the <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>, and append it to <var title="">task list</var>. The default
+ action of these events must be, if the user agent <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the
+ display of some sort of user interface indicating to the user that the application is up to
+ date.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Empty <var title="">cache group</var>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-pending-masters title=concept-appcache-pending-masters>list of pending master entries</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If appropriate, remove any user interface indicating that an update for this cache is in
+ progress.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>status</a> of <var title="">cache
+ group</var> be <i>idle</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in <var title="">task list</var>, <a href=#queue-a-post-load-task title="queue a post-load task">queue that task as a post-load task</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new cache</var> be a newly created <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in
+ <var title="">cache group</var>. Set its <a href=#concept-appcache-completeness title=concept-appcache-completeness>completeness
+ flag</a> to <i>incomplete</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each entry in <var title="">cache group</var>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-pending-masters title=concept-appcache-pending-masters>list of pending master entries</a>, associate the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> for this entry with <var title="">new cache</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>status</a> of <var title="">cache
+ group</var> to <i>downloading</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in <var title="">cache group</var>, <a href=#queue-a-post-load-task>queue a post-load task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> that is cancelable named <code title=event-appcache-downloading><a href=#event-appcache-downloading>downloading</a></code>
+ at the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of the <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>. The default action
+ of these events must be, if the user agent <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the display of
+ some sort of user interface indicating to the user that a new version is being
+ downloaded.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">file list</var> be an empty list of URLs with flags.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add all the URLs in the list of <a href=#concept-appcache-explicit title=concept-appcache-explicit>explicit
+ entries</a> obtained by parsing <var title="">manifest</var> to <var title="">file list</var>,
+ each flagged with "explicit entry".</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add all the URLs in the list of <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>fallback
+ entries</a> obtained by parsing <var title="">manifest</var> to <var title="">file list</var>,
+ each flagged with "fallback entry".</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this is an <a href=#concept-appcache-upgrade title=concept-appcache-upgrade>upgrade attempt</a>, then add all
+ the URLs of <a href=#concept-appcache-master title=concept-appcache-master>master entries</a> in the <a href=#concept-appcache-newer title=concept-appcache-newer>newest</a> <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in <var title="">cache group</var> whose <a href=#concept-appcache-completeness title=concept-appcache-completeness>completeness
+ flag</a> is <i>complete</i> to <var title="">file list</var>, each flagged with "master
+ entry".</li>
+
+ <li><p>If any URL is in <var title="">file list</var> more than once, then merge the entries into
+ one entry for that URL, that entry having all the flags that the original entries had.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each URL in <var title="">file list</var>, run the following steps. These steps may be
+ run in parallel for two or more of the URLs at a time. If, while running these steps, the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <code title=dom-appcache-abort><a href=#dom-appcache-abort>abort()</a></code> method
+ <a href=#send-a-signal title="send a signal">sends a signal</a> to this instance of the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application
+ cache download process</a> algorithm, then run the <a href=#cache-failure-steps>cache failure steps</a>
+ instead.</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the resource URL being processed was flagged as neither an "explicit entry" nor or a
+ "fallback entry", then the user agent may skip this URL.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is intended to allow user agents to expire resources not listed in the
+ manifest from the cache. Generally, implementors are urged to use an approach that expires
+ lesser-used resources first.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in
+ <var title="">cache group</var>, <a href=#queue-a-post-load-task>queue a post-load task</a> to <a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a>
+ event with the name <code title=event-appcache-progress><a href=#event-appcache-progress>progress</a></code>, which does not
+ bubble, which is cancelable, and which uses the <code><a href=#progressevent>ProgressEvent</a></code> interface, at the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of the <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>. The <code title=dom-ProgressEvents-lengthComputable>lengthComputable</code> attribute must be set to
+ true, the <code title=dom-ProgressEvents-total>total</code> attribute must be set to the
+ number of files in <var title="">file list</var>, and the <code title=dom-ProgressEvents-loaded>loaded</code> attribute must be set to the number of files in
+ <var title="">file list</var> that have been either downloaded or skipped so far. The default
+ action of these events must be, if the user agent <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the
+ display of some sort of user interface indicating to the user that a file is being downloaded
+ in preparation for updating the application. <a href=#refsXHR>[XHR]</a></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#fetch>Fetch</a><!--FETCH--> the resource, from the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the
+ <a href=#url>URL</a> <var title="">manifest URL</var>, with the <i>synchronous flag</i> set and
+ the <i>manual redirect flag</i> set. If this is an <a href=#concept-appcache-upgrade title=concept-appcache-upgrade>upgrade attempt</a>, then use the <a href=#concept-appcache-newer title=concept-appcache-newer>newest</a> <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in <var title="">cache group</var> as an HTTP cache, and honor HTTP caching semantics (such as
+ expiration, ETags, and so forth) with respect to that cache. User agents may also have other
+ caches in place that are also honored.</p> <!-- not http-origin privacy sensitive -->
+
+ <p class=note>If the resource in question is already being downloaded for other reasons then
+ the existing download process can sometimes be used for the purposes of this step, as defined
+ by the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>An example of a resource that might already be being downloaded is a large
+ image on a Web page that is being seen for the first time. The image would get downloaded to
+ satisfy the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element on the page, as well as being listed in the cache
+ manifest. According to the rules for <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching</a> that image only need
+ be downloaded once, and it can be used both for the cache and for the rendered Web page.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the previous step fails (e.g. the server returns a 4xx or 5xx response <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or equivalent</a>, or there is a DNS error, or the
+ connection times out, or the user cancels the download), or if the server returned a redirect,
+ or if the resource is labeled with the "no-store" cache directive, then run the first
+ appropriate step from the following list: <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a></p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the URL being processed was flagged as an "explicit entry" or a "fallback entry"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If these steps are being run in parallel for any other URLs in <var title="">file
+ list</var>, then abort these steps for those other URLs. Run the <a href=#cache-failure-steps>cache failure
+ steps</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Redirects are fatal because they are either indicative of a network problem
+ (e.g. a captive portal); or would allow resources to be added to the cache under URLs that
+ differ from any URL that the networking model will allow access to, leaving orphan entries;
+ or would allow resources to be stored under URLs different than their true URLs. All of
+ these situations are bad.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the error was a 404 or 410 HTTP response <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or equivalent</a></dt>
+
+ <dt>If the resource was labeled with the "no-store" cache directive</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Skip this resource. It is dropped from the cache.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Copy the resource and its metadata from the <a href=#concept-appcache-newer title=concept-appcache-newer>newest</a> <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in <var title="">cache group</var> whose <a href=#concept-appcache-completeness title=concept-appcache-completeness>completeness
+ flag</a> is <i>complete</i>, and act as if that was the fetched resource, ignoring the
+ resource obtained from the network.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>User agents may warn the user of these errors as an aid to development.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>These rules make errors for resources listed in the manifest fatal, while
+ making it possible for other resources to be removed from caches when they are removed from
+ the server, without errors, and making non-manifest resources survive server-side errors.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Except for the "no-store" directive, HTTP caching rules that would cause a
+ file to be expired or otherwise not cached are ignored for the purposes of the
+ <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the fetching succeeded. Store the resource in the <var title="">new
+ cache</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the user agent is not able to store the resource (e.g. because of quota restrictions),
+ the user agent may prompt the user or try to resolve the problem in some other manner (e.g.
+ automatically pruning content in other caches). If the problem cannot be resolved, the user
+ agent must run the <a href=#cache-failure-steps>cache failure steps</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the URL being processed was flagged as an "explicit entry" in <var title="">file
+ list</var>, then categorise the entry as an <a href=#concept-appcache-explicit title=concept-appcache-explicit>explicit
+ entry</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the URL being processed was flagged as a "fallback entry" in <var title="">file
+ list</var>, then categorise the entry as a <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>fallback
+ entry</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the URL being processed was flagged as an "master entry" in <var title="">file
+ list</var>, then categorise the entry as a <a href=#concept-appcache-master title=concept-appcache-master>master
+ entry</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>As an optimization, if the resource is an HTML or XML file whose root element is an
+ <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code> attribute
+ whose value doesn't match the manifest URL of the application cache being processed, then the
+ user agent should mark the entry as being <a href=#concept-appcache-foreign title=concept-appcache-foreign>foreign</a>.</p>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in <var title="">cache group</var>, <a href=#queue-a-post-load-task>queue a post-load task</a> to <a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a>
+ event with the name <code title=event-appcache-progress><a href=#event-appcache-progress>progress</a></code>, which does not bubble,
+ which is cancelable, and which uses the <code><a href=#progressevent>ProgressEvent</a></code> interface, at the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of the <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>. The <code title=dom-ProgressEvents-lengthComputable>lengthComputable</code> attribute must be set to
+ true, the <code title=dom-ProgressEvents-total>total</code> and the <code title=dom-ProgressEvents-loaded>loaded</code> attributes must be set to the number of files in
+ <var title="">file list</var>. The default action of these events must be, if the user agent
+ <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the display of some sort of user interface indicating to the
+ user that all the files have been downloaded. <a href=#refsXHR>[XHR]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Store the list of <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespaces</a>,
+ and the URLs of the <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>fallback entries</a> that they map
+ to, in <var title="">new cache</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Store the URLs that form the new <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online
+ whitelist</a> in <var title="">new cache</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Store the value of the new <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard>online
+ whitelist wildcard flag</a> in <var title="">new cache</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Store the value of the new <a href=#concept-appcache-mode title=concept-appcache-mode>cache mode flag</a> in
+ <var title="">new cache</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each entry in <var title="">cache group</var>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-pending-masters title=concept-appcache-pending-masters>list of pending master entries</a>, wait for the
+ resource for this entry to have either completely downloaded or failed.</p>
+
+ <p>If the download failed (e.g. the server returns a 4xx or 5xx response <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or equivalent</a>, or there is a DNS error, the
+ connection times out, or the user cancels the download), or if the resource is labeled with the
+ "no-store" cache directive, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Unassociate the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> for this entry from <var title="">new
+ cache</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-post-load-task>Queue a post-load task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that is
+ cancelable named <code title=event-appcache-error><a href=#event-appcache-error>error</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> for this entry, if there
+ still is one. The default action of this event must be, if the user agent <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching
+ progress</a>, the display of some sort of user interface indicating to the user that the
+ user agent failed to save the application for offline use.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If this is a <a href=#concept-appcache-cache title=concept-appcache-cache>cache attempt</a> and this entry is
+ the last entry in <var title="">cache group</var>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-pending-masters title=concept-appcache-pending-masters>list of pending master entries</a>, then run these
+ further substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Discard <var title="">cache group</var> and its only <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>,
+ <var title="">new cache</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If appropriate, remove any user interface indicating that an update for this cache is
+ in progress.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, remove this entry from <var title="">cache group</var>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-pending-masters title=concept-appcache-pending-masters>list of pending master entries</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Otherwise, store the resource for this entry in <var title="">new cache</var>, if it isn't
+ already there, and categorise its entry as a <a href=#concept-appcache-master title=concept-appcache-master>master
+ entry</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#fetch>Fetch</a><!--FETCH--> the resource from <var title="">manifest URL</var> again, with
+ the <i>synchronous flag</i> set, and let <var title="">second manifest</var> be that resource.
+ HTTP caching semantics should again be honored for this request.</p> <!-- http-origin privacy
+ sensitive, though it doesn't matter, since this can never be cross-origin -->
+
+ <p class=note>Since caching can be honored, authors are encouraged to avoid setting the cache
+ headers on the manifest in such a way that the user agent would simply not contact the network
+ for this second request; otherwise, the user agent would not notice if the cache had changed
+ during the cache update process.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the previous step failed for any reason, or if the fetching attempt involved a redirect,
+ or if <var title="">second manifest</var> and <var title="">manifest</var> are not byte-for-byte
+ identical, then schedule a rerun of the entire algorithm with the same parameters after a short
+ delay, and run the <a href=#cache-failure-steps>cache failure steps</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, store <var title="">manifest</var> in <var title="">new cache</var>, if it's not
+ there already, and categorise its entry as <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>the
+ manifest</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#concept-appcache-completeness title=concept-appcache-completeness>completeness flag</a> of <var title="">new cache</var> to <i>complete</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">task list</var> be an empty list of <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a>.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If this is a <a href=#concept-appcache-cache title=concept-appcache-cache>cache attempt</a>, then for each
+ <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in <var title="">cache
+ group</var>, create a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a>
+ that is cancelable named <code title=event-appcache-cached><a href=#event-appcache-cached>cached</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of the <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>, and append it to <var title="">task list</var>. The default action of these events must be, if the user agent
+ <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the display of some sort of user interface indicating to
+ the user that the application has been cached and that they can now use it offline.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, it is an <a href=#concept-appcache-upgrade title=concept-appcache-upgrade>upgrade attempt</a>. For each
+ <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in <var title="">cache
+ group</var>, create a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a>
+ that is cancelable named <code title=event-appcache-updateready><a href=#event-appcache-updateready>updateready</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of the <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>, and append it to <var title="">task list</var>. The default action of these events must be, if the user agent
+ <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the display of some sort of user interface indicating to
+ the user that a new version is available and that they can activate it by reloading the
+ page.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If appropriate, remove any user interface indicating that an update for this cache is in
+ progress.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>update status</a> of <var title="">cache
+ group</var> to <i>idle</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in <var title="">task list</var>, <a href=#queue-a-post-load-task title="queue a post-load task">queue that task as a post-load task</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=cache-failure-steps>cache failure steps</dfn> are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">task list</var> be an empty list of <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a>.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each entry in <var title="">cache group</var>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-pending-masters title=concept-appcache-pending-masters>list of pending master entries</a>, run the
+ following further substeps. These steps may be run in parallel for two or more entries at a
+ time.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Wait for the resource for this entry to have either completely downloaded or failed.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Unassociate the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> for this entry from its <a href=#application-cache>application
+ cache</a>, if it has one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that
+ is cancelable named <code title=event-appcache-error><a href=#event-appcache-error>error</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> for this entry, if there
+ still is one, and append it to <var title="">task list</var>. The default action of these
+ events must be, if the user agent <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the display of some sort
+ of user interface indicating to the user that the user agent failed to save the application for
+ offline use.</p>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> still associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>
+ in <var title="">cache group</var>, create a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire
+ a simple event</a> that is cancelable named <code title=event-appcache-error><a href=#event-appcache-error>error</a></code> at
+ the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> singleton of the <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>, and append it to <var title="">task list</var>. The default action of these events must be, if the user agent
+ <a href=#shows-caching-progress>shows caching progress</a>, the display of some sort of user interface indicating to the
+ user that the user agent failed to save the application for offline use.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Empty <var title="">cache group</var>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-pending-masters title=concept-appcache-pending-masters>list of pending master entries</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">cache group</var> has an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> whose <a href=#concept-appcache-completeness title=concept-appcache-completeness>completeness flag</a> is <i>incomplete</i>, then discard
+ that <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If appropriate, remove any user interface indicating that an update for this cache is in
+ progress.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>status</a> of <var title="">cache
+ group</var> be <i>idle</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this was a <a href=#concept-appcache-cache title=concept-appcache-cache>cache attempt</a>, discard <var title="">cache group</var> altogether.</p>
+
+ <li><p>For each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in <var title="">task list</var>, <a href=#queue-a-post-load-task title="queue a post-load task">queue that task as a post-load task</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>Attempts to <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> resources as part of the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download
+ process</a> may be done with cache-defeating semantics, to avoid problems with stale or
+ inconsistent intermediary caches.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>User agents may invoke the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a>, in the background,
+ for any <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a>, at any time (with no <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>). This
+ allows user agents to keep caches primed and to update caches even before the user visits a
+ site.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has a list of <dfn id=pending-application-cache-download-process-tasks>pending application cache download process
+ tasks</dfn> that is used to delay events fired by the algorithm above until the document's <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event has fired. When the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created, the
+ list must be empty.</p>
+
+ <p>When the steps above say to <dfn id=queue-a-post-load-task>queue a post-load task</dfn> <var title="">task</var>, where
+ <var title="">task</var> is a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that dispatches an event on a
+ target <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object <var title="">target</var>, the user agent must run
+ the appropriate steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If <var title="">target</var>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is
+ <a href=#ready-for-post-load-tasks>ready for post-load tasks</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p><a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">Queue</a> the task <var title="">task</var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Add <var title="">task</var> to <var title="">target</var>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s list
+ of <a href=#pending-application-cache-download-process-tasks>pending application cache download process tasks</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for these <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> is the
+ <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-application-cache-selection-algorithm><span class=secno>7.7.5 </span>The application cache selection algorithm</h4>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>application cache selection algorithm</dfn>
+ algorithm is invoked with a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <var title="">document</var> and optionally a
+ manifest <a href=#url>URL</a> <var title="">manifest URL</var>, the user agent must run the first
+ applicable set of steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If there is a <var title="">manifest URL</var>, and <var title="">document</var> was loaded
+ from an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>, and the URL of the <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>manifest</a> of that cache's <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache
+ group</a> is <em>not</em> the same as <var title="">manifest URL</var></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Mark the entry for the resource from which <var title="">document</var> was taken in the
+ <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> from which it was loaded as <a href=#concept-appcache-foreign title=concept-appcache-foreign>foreign</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Restart the current navigation from the top of the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation
+ algorithm</a>, undoing any changes that were made as part of the initial load (changes can be
+ avoided by ensuring that the step to <a href=#update-the-session-history-with-the-new-page>update the session history with the new page</a>
+ is only ever completed <em>after</em> this <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>application cache
+ selection algorithm</a> is run, though this is not required).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The navigation will not result in the same resource being loaded, because
+ "foreign" entries are never picked during navigation.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may notify the user of the inconsistency between the cache manifest and the
+ document's own metadata, to aid in application development.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">document</var> was loaded from an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>, and that
+ <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> still exists (it is not now <a href=#concept-appcache-obsolete title=concept-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</a>)<!--[redundant], and either there is no <var
+ title="">manifest URL</var>, or the URL of the <span
+ title="concept-appcache-manifest">manifest</span> of the cache's <span>application cache
+ group</span> is the same as <var title="">manifest URL</var>--></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Associate <var title="">document</var> with the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> from which it
+ was loaded. Invoke, in the background, the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a> for
+ that <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>'s <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a>, with <var title="">document</var> as the <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">document</var> <!--[redundant] was not loaded from an <span>application
+ cache</span>, but it--> was loaded using HTTP GET <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-get title=concept-http-equivalent-get>or
+ equivalent</a>, and, there is a <var title="">manifest URL</var>, and <var title="">manifest
+ URL</var> has the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as <var title="">document</var></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Invoke, in the background, the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a> for <var title="">manifest URL</var>, with <var title="">document</var> as the <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>
+ and with the resource from which <var title="">document</var> was parsed as the <a href=#concept-appcache-master title=concept-appcache-master>master</a> resource.</p>
+
+ <p>If there are <a href=#relevant-application-cache title="relevant application cache">relevant application caches</a> that
+ are identified by a URL with the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the URL of <var title="">document</var>, and that have this URL as one of their entries, excluding entries
+ marked as <a href=#concept-appcache-foreign title=concept-appcache-foreign>foreign</a>, then the user agent should use
+ the <a href=#concept-appcache-selection title=concept-appcache-selection>most appropriate application cache</a> of those
+ that match as an HTTP cache for any subresource loads. User agents may also have other caches in
+ place that are also honored.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt> <!-- not from cache and either no <var title="">manifest URL</var>, or
+ non-GET, or wrong-origin manifest -->
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not associated with any <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If there was a <var title="">manifest URL</var>, the user agent may report to the user that
+ it was ignored, to aid in application development.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h4 id=changesToNetworkingModel><span class=secno>7.7.6 </span>Changes to the networking model</h4>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> is associated with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> whose <a href=#concept-appcache-completeness title=concept-appcache-completeness>completeness flag</a> is <i>complete</i>, any and all
+ loads for resources related to that <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> other than those for <a href=#child-browsing-context title="child browsing context">child browsing contexts</a> must go through the following steps
+ instead of immediately invoking the mechanisms appropriate to that resource's scheme:</p>
+
+ <ol><!--FETCH--><li><p>If the resource is not to be fetched using the HTTP GET mechanism <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-get title=concept-http-equivalent-get>or equivalent</a>, or if applying the <a href=#url-parser>URL
+ parser</a> algorithm to both its <a href=#url>URL</a> and the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>'s
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>manifest</a>'s URL results in two <a href=#parsed-url title="parsed
+ URL">parsed URLs</a> with different <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a> components,
+ then <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> the resource normally and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the resource's URL is <a href=#concept-appcache-master title=concept-appcache-master>a master entry</a>,
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>the manifest</a>, <a href=#concept-appcache-explicit title=concept-appcache-explicit>an explicit entry</a>, or <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>a fallback entry</a> in the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>,
+ then get the resource from the cache (instead of fetching it), and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is an entry in the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist>online whitelist</a> that has the <a href=#same-origin>same
+ origin</a> as the resource's URL and that is a <a href=#prefix-match>prefix match</a> for the resource's
+ URL, then <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> the resource normally and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the resource's URL has the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the manifest's URL, and there is a
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespace</a> <var title="">f</var> in
+ the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> that is a <a href=#prefix-match>prefix match</a> for the resource's URL,
+ then:</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#fetch>Fetch</a> the resource normally. If this results in a redirect to a resource with
+ another <a href=#origin>origin</a> (indicative of a captive portal), or a 4xx or 5xx status code <a href=#concept-http-equivalent-codes title=concept-http-equivalent-codes>or equivalent</a>, or if there were network errors (but
+ not if the user canceled the download), then instead get, from the cache, the resource of the
+ <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback title=concept-appcache-fallback>fallback entry</a> corresponding to the <a href=#concept-appcache-fallback-ns title=concept-appcache-fallback-ns>fallback namespace</a> <var title="">f</var>. Abort
+ these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard>online whitelist wildcard flag</a> is <i title="">open</i>, then <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> the resource normally and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Fail the resource load as if there had been a generic network error.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>The above algorithm ensures that so long as the <a href=#concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard title=concept-appcache-onlinewhitelist-wildcard>online whitelist wildcard flag</a> is <i title="">blocking</i>, resources that are not present in the <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>manifest</a> will always fail to load (at least, after the
+ <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> has been primed the first time), making the testing of offline
+ applications simpler.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=expiring-application-caches><span class=secno>7.7.7 </span>Expiring application caches</h4>
+
+ <p>As a general rule, user agents should not expire application caches, except on request from the
+ user, or after having been left unused for an extended period of time.</p>
+
+ <p>Application caches and cookies have similar implications with respect to privacy (e.g. if the
+ site can identify the user when providing the cache, it can store data in the cache that can be
+ used for cookie resurrection). Implementors are therefore encouraged to expose application caches
+ in a manner related to HTTP cookies, allowing caches to be expunged together with cookies and
+ other origin-specific data.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, a user agent could have a "delete site-specific data" feature that
+ clears all cookies, application caches, local storage, databases, etc, from an origin all at
+ once.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=disk-space><span class=secno>7.7.8 </span>Disk space</h4>
+
+ <p>User agents should consider applying constraints on disk usage of <a href=#application-cache title="application
+ cache">application caches</a>, and care should be taken to ensure that the restrictions cannot
+ be easily worked around using subdomains.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should allow users to see how much space each domain is using, and may offer the
+ user the ability to delete specific <a href=#application-cache title="application cache">application caches</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For predictability, quotas should be based on the uncompressed size of data stored.</p>
+ <!-- see https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=21319#c3 -->
+
+ <p class=note>How quotas are presented to the user is not defined by this specification. User
+ agents are encouraged to provide features such as allowing a user to indicate that certain sites
+ are trusted to use more than the default quota, e.g. by asynchronously presenting a user interface
+ while a cache is being updated, or by having an explicit whitelist in the user agent's
+ configuration interface.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=application-cache-api><span class=secno>7.7.9 </span>Application cache API</h4>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Exposed=Window,SharedWorker]
+interface <dfn id=applicationcache>ApplicationCache</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+
+ // <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>update status</a>
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-appcache-uncached title=dom-appcache-UNCACHED>UNCACHED</a> = 0;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-appcache-idle title=dom-appcache-IDLE>IDLE</a> = 1;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-appcache-checking title=dom-appcache-CHECKING>CHECKING</a> = 2;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-appcache-downloading title=dom-appcache-DOWNLOADING>DOWNLOADING</a> = 3;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-appcache-updateready title=dom-appcache-UPDATEREADY>UPDATEREADY</a> = 4;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-appcache-obsolete title=dom-appcache-OBSOLETE>OBSOLETE</a> = 5;
+ readonly attribute unsigned short <a href=#dom-appcache-status title=dom-appcache-status>status</a>;
+
+ // updates
+ void <a href=#dom-appcache-update title=dom-appcache-update>update</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-appcache-abort title=dom-appcache-abort>abort</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-appcache-swapcache title=dom-appcache-swapCache>swapCache</a>();
+
+ // events
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-appcache-onchecking title=handler-appcache-onchecking>onchecking</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-appcache-onerror title=handler-appcache-onerror>onerror</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-appcache-onnoupdate title=handler-appcache-onnoupdate>onnoupdate</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-appcache-ondownloading title=handler-appcache-ondownloading>ondownloading</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-appcache-onprogress title=handler-appcache-onprogress>onprogress</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-appcache-onupdateready title=handler-appcache-onupdateready>onupdateready</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-appcache-oncached title=handler-appcache-oncached>oncached</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-appcache-onobsolete title=handler-appcache-onobsolete>onobsolete</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">cache</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-applicationCache><a href=#dom-applicationcache>applicationCache</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>(In a window.) Returns the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object that applies to the
+ <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of that <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">cache</var> = <var title="">self</var> . <code title=dom-applicationCache><a href=#dom-applicationcache>applicationCache</a></code></dt> <dd>
+
+ <p>(In a shared worker.) Returns the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object that applies to the
+ current shared worker.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">cache</var> . <code title=dom-appcache-status><a href=#dom-appcache-status>status</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current status of the application cache, as given by the constants defined
+ below.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">cache</var> . <code title=dom-appcache-update><a href=#dom-appcache-update>update</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Invokes the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if there is no application cache to
+ update.</p>
+
+ <p>Calling this method is not usually necessary, as user agents will generally take care of
+ updating <a href=#application-cache title="application cache">application caches</a> automatically.</p>
+
+ <p>The method can be useful in situations such as long-lived applications. For example, a Web
+ mail application might stay open in a browser tab for weeks at a time. Such an application could
+ want to test for updates each day.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">cache</var> . <code title=dom-appcache-abort><a href=#dom-appcache-abort>abort</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Cancels the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>This method is intended to be used by Web application showing their own caching progress UI,
+ in case the user wants to stop the update (e.g. because bandwidth is limited).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">cache</var> . <code title=dom-appcache-swapCache><a href=#dom-appcache-swapcache>swapCache</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Switches to the most recent application cache, if there is a newer one. If there isn't,
+ throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ <p>This does not cause previously-loaded resources to be reloaded; for example, images do not
+ suddenly get reloaded and style sheets and scripts do not get reparsed or reevaluated. The only
+ change is that subsequent requests for cached resources will obtain the newer copies.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-appcache-updateready><a href=#event-appcache-updateready>updateready</a></code> event will fire before this
+ method can be called. Once it fires, the Web application can, at its leisure, call this method
+ to switch the underlying cache to the one with the more recent updates. To make proper use of
+ this, applications have to be able to bring the new features into play; for example, reloading
+ scripts to enable new features.</p>
+
+ <p>An easier alternative to <code title=dom-appcache-swapCache><a href=#dom-appcache-swapcache>swapCache()</a></code> is just to
+ reload the entire page at a time suitable for the user, using <code title=dom-location-reload><a href=#dom-location-reload>location.reload()</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>There is a one-to-one mapping from <a href=#cache-host title="cache host">cache hosts</a> to
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> objects. The <dfn id=dom-applicationcache title=dom-applicationCache><code>applicationCache</code></dfn> attribute on <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ objects must return the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object associated with the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's <a href=#active-document>active document</a>. The <dfn id=dom-sharedworkerglobalscope-applicationcache title=dom-SharedWorkerGlobalScope-applicationCache><code>applicationCache</code></dfn> attribute
+ on <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> objects must return the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code>
+ object associated with the worker.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>A <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> or <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object has an
+ associated <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object even if that <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> has no actual
+ <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-appcache-status title=dom-appcache-status><code>status</code></dfn> attribute, on getting, must
+ return the current state of the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> that the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> is associated with, if any. This
+ must be the appropriate value from the following list:</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-appcache-uncached title=dom-appcache-UNCACHED><code>UNCACHED</code></dfn> (numeric value 0)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> is not associated with
+ an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> at this time.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-appcache-idle title=dom-appcache-IDLE><code>IDLE</code></dfn> (numeric value 1)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> is associated with an
+ <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> whose <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>update status</a> is <i>idle</i>, and that <a href=#application-cache>application
+ cache</a> is the <a href=#concept-appcache-newer title=concept-appcache-newer>newest</a> cache in its
+ <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a>, and the <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> is not marked
+ as <a href=#concept-appcache-obsolete title=concept-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-appcache-checking title=dom-appcache-CHECKING><code>CHECKING</code></dfn> (numeric value 2)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> is associated with an
+ <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> whose <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>update status</a> is <i>checking</i>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-appcache-downloading title=dom-appcache-DOWNLOADING><code>DOWNLOADING</code></dfn> (numeric value 3)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> is associated with an
+ <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> whose <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>update status</a> is <i>downloading</i>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-appcache-updateready title=dom-appcache-UPDATEREADY><code>UPDATEREADY</code></dfn> (numeric value 4)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> is associated with an
+ <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> whose <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a>'s <a href=#concept-appcache-status title=concept-appcache-status>update status</a> is <i>idle</i>, and whose <a href=#application-cache-group>application
+ cache group</a> is not marked as <a href=#concept-appcache-obsolete title=concept-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</a>, but
+ that <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> is <em>not</em> the <a href=#concept-appcache-newer title=concept-appcache-newer>newest</a> cache in its group.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-appcache-obsolete title=dom-appcache-OBSOLETE><code>OBSOLETE</code></dfn> (numeric value 5)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> is associated with an
+ <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> whose <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> is marked as <a href=#concept-appcache-obsolete title=concept-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>If the <dfn id=dom-appcache-update title=dom-appcache-update><code>update()</code></dfn> method is invoked, the user
+ agent must invoke the <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a>, in the background, for the
+ <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> of the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> with which the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> is associated, but without giving
+ that <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> to the algorithm. If there is no such <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>,
+ or if its <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> is marked as <a href=#concept-appcache-obsolete title=concept-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</a>, then the method must throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception instead.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <dfn id=dom-appcache-abort title=dom-appcache-abort><code>abort()</code></dfn> method is invoked, the user
+ agent must <dfn id=send-a-signal>send a signal</dfn> to the current <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache download process</a>
+ for the <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> of the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> with which the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> is associated, if any. If there is
+ no such <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>, or it does not have a current <a href=#application-cache-download-process>application cache
+ download process</a>, then do nothing.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <dfn id=dom-appcache-swapcache title=dom-appcache-swapCache><code>swapCache()</code></dfn> method is invoked,
+ the user agent must run the following steps:
+
+ <ol><li><p>Check that <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> is associated
+ with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>. If it is not, then throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">cache</var> be the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> with which the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> is associated. (By definition,
+ this is the same as the one that was found in the previous step.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">cache</var>'s <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> is marked as <a href=#concept-appcache-obsolete title=concept-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</a>, then unassociate the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> from <var title="">cache</var> and
+ abort these steps. (Resources will now load from the network instead of the cache.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Check that there is an application cache in the same <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a>
+ as <var title="">cache</var> whose <a href=#concept-appcache-completeness title=concept-appcache-completeness>completeness
+ flag</a> is <i>complete</i> and that is <a href=#concept-appcache-newer title=concept-appcache-newer>newer</a> than
+ <var title="">cache</var>. If there is not, then throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code>
+ exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new cache</var> be the <a href=#concept-appcache-newer title=concept-appcache-newer>newest</a> <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> in the same
+ <a href=#application-cache-group>application cache group</a> as <var title="">cache</var> whose <a href=#concept-appcache-completeness title=concept-appcache-completeness>completeness flag</a> is <i>complete</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Unassociate the <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object's <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> from <var title="">cache</var> and instead associate it with <var title="">new cache</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) <span class=impl>that must be</span>
+ supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a>, by all objects implementing the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-appcache-onchecking title=handler-appcache-onchecking><code>onchecking</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-appcache-checking><a href=#event-appcache-checking>checking</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-appcache-onerror title=handler-appcache-onerror><code>onerror</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-appcache-error><a href=#event-appcache-error>error</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-appcache-onnoupdate title=handler-appcache-onnoupdate><code>onnoupdate</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-appcache-noupdate><a href=#event-appcache-noupdate>noupdate</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-appcache-ondownloading title=handler-appcache-ondownloading><code>ondownloading</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-appcache-downloading><a href=#event-appcache-downloading>downloading</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-appcache-onprogress title=handler-appcache-onprogress><code>onprogress</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-appcache-progress><a href=#event-appcache-progress>progress</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-appcache-onupdateready title=handler-appcache-onupdateready><code>onupdateready</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-appcache-updateready><a href=#event-appcache-updateready>updateready</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-appcache-oncached title=handler-appcache-oncached><code>oncached</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-appcache-cached><a href=#event-appcache-cached>cached</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-appcache-onobsolete title=handler-appcache-onobsolete><code>onobsolete</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-appcache-obsolete><a href=#event-appcache-obsolete>obsolete</a></code>
+ </table></div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=browser-state><span class=secno>7.7.10 </span>Browser state</h4>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject, Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=navigatoronline>NavigatorOnLine</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-navigator-online title=dom-navigator-onLine>onLine</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-onLine><a href=#dom-navigator-online>onLine</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns false if the user agent is definitely offline (disconnected from the network).
+ Returns true if the user agent might be online.</p>
+
+ <p>The events <code title=event-online><a href=#event-online>online</a></code> and <code title=event-offline><a href=#event-offline>offline</a></code> are fired when the value of this attribute changes.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator-online title=dom-navigator-onLine><code>navigator.onLine</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ false if the user agent will not contact the network when the user follows links or when a script
+ requests a remote page (or knows that such an attempt would fail), and must return true
+ otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>When the value that would be returned by the <code title=dom-navigator-onLine><a href=#dom-navigator-online>navigator.onLine</a></code> attribute of a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> changes from true to false, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-offline><a href=#event-offline>offline</a></code>
+ at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> or <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>On the other hand, when the value that would be returned by the <code title=dom-navigator-onLine><a href=#dom-navigator-online>navigator.onLine</a></code> attribute of a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> changes from false to true, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-online><a href=#event-online>online</a></code> at
+ the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> or <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for these <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> is the
+ <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>This attribute is inherently unreliable. A computer can be connected to a network
+ without having Internet access.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, an indicator is updated as the browser goes online and offline.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Online status&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ function updateIndicator() {
+ document.getElementById('indicator').textContent = navigator.onLine ? 'online' : 'offline';
+ }
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body onload="updateIndicator()" ononline="updateIndicator()" onoffline="updateIndicator()"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The network is: &lt;span id="indicator"&gt;(state unknown)&lt;/span&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+
+ <h2 id=webappapis><span class=secno>8 </span>Web application APIs</h2>
+
+ <h3 id=scripting><span class=secno>8.1 </span>Scripting</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=introduction-9><span class=secno>8.1.1 </span>Introduction</h4>
+
+ <p>Various mechanisms can cause author-provided executable code to run in the context of a
+ document. These mechanisms include, but are probably not limited to:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>Processing of <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements.</li>
+
+ <li>Navigating to <a href=#javascript-protocol title="javascript protocol"><code>javascript:</code> URLs</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Event handlers, whether registered through the DOM using <code title="">addEventListener()</code>, by explicit <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event handler content attributes</a>, by
+ <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a>, or otherwise.</li>
+
+ <li>Processing of technologies like SVG that have their own scripting features.</li>
+
+ </ul><div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=enabling-and-disabling-scripting><span class=secno>8.1.2 </span>Enabling and disabling scripting</h4>
+
+ <p><dfn id=concept-bc-script title=concept-bc-script>Scripting is enabled</dfn> in a <em><a href=#browsing-context><span>browsing
+ context</span></a></em> when all of the following conditions are true:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The user agent supports scripting.</li>
+
+ <li>The user has not disabled scripting for this <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> at this time.
+ (User agents may provide users with the option to disable scripting globally, or in a
+ finer-grained manner, e.g. on a per-origin basis.)
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li id=sandboxScriptBlocked>The <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s
+ <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> does not have its <a href=#sandboxed-scripts-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed scripts browsing
+ context flag</a> set.</li>
+
+ </ul><p><dfn id=concept-bc-noscript title=concept-bc-noscript>Scripting is disabled</dfn> in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ when any of the above conditions are false (i.e. when scripting is not <a href=#concept-bc-script title=concept-bc-script>enabled</a>).</p>
+
+ <hr><p><dfn id=concept-n-script title=concept-n-script>Scripting is enabled</dfn> for a <em><a href=#node>node</a></em> if the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object of the node (the node itself, if it is itself a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ object) has an associated <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, and <a href=#concept-bc-script title=concept-bc-script>scripting is enabled</a> in that <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=concept-n-noscript title=concept-n-noscript>Scripting is disabled</dfn> for a node if there is no such
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, or if <a href=#concept-bc-noscript title=concept-bc-noscript>scripting is
+ disabled</a> in that <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <!-- SCRIPT EXEC (marks areas related to creation of scripts) -->
+ <h4 id=processing-model-6><span class=secno>8.1.3 </span>Processing model</h4>
+
+ <h5 id=definitions-0><span class=secno>8.1.3.1 </span>Definitions</h5>
+
+ <p>This specification describes three kinds of <a href=#javascript-global-environment title="JavaScript global
+ environment">JavaScript global environments</a>: the <dfn id=document-environment>document environment</dfn>, the
+ <dfn id=dedicated-worker-environment>dedicated worker environment</dfn>, and the <dfn id=shared-worker-environment>shared worker environment</dfn>. The
+ <a href=#dedicated-worker-environment>dedicated worker environment</a> and the <a href=#shared-worker-environment>shared worker environment</a> are both
+ types of <dfn id=worker-environment title="worker environment">worker environments</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>Except where otherwise specified, a <a href=#javascript-global-environment>JavaScript global environment</a> is a
+ <a href=#document-environment>document environment</a>.</p> <!-- note that we never actually say where one of these is
+ created... -->
+
+ <hr><p>A <dfn id=concept-script title=concept-script>script</dfn> has:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>A <dfn id=code-entry-point>code entry-point</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A code entry-point represents a block of executable code that the script exposes to other
+ scripts and to the user agent. Typically, the code corresponding to the code entry-point is
+ executed immediately after the script is parsed, but for event handlers, it is called each time
+ the handler is invoked.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>In JavaScript <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> blocks, this corresponds to the execution
+ context of the global code.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Optionally, a <dfn id=muted-errors>muted errors</dfn> flag</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A flag which, if set, means that error information will not be provided for errors in this
+ script (used to mute errors for cross-origin scripts, since that can leak private
+ information).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A <dfn id=settings-object>settings object</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a>, various settings that are shared with other scripts in
+ the same context.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><hr><p>A <dfn id=script-settings-object>script settings object</dfn> specifies algorithms for obtaining the following:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>A <dfn id=script-execution-environment>script execution environment</dfn> for each language supported by the user agent</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The characteristics of the script execution environment depend on the language, and are not
+ defined by this specification.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>In JavaScript, the script execution environment consists of the interpreter,
+ the stack of <i>execution contexts</i>, the <i>global code</i> and <i>function code</i> and the
+ <code>Function</code> objects resulting, and so forth.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A <dfn id=global-object>global object</dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>An object that provides the APIs that can be called by the code in scripts that use this
+ <a href=#script-settings-object title="script settings object">settings object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is typically a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object or a
+ <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object. When a <a href=#global-object>global object</a> is an empty object, it
+ can't do anything that interacts with the environment.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> is a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, then, in JavaScript, the
+ ThisBinding of the global execution context for this script must be the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ object's <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object, rather than the global object. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is a <a href=#willful-violation>willful violation</a> of the JavaScript specification current
+ at the time of writing (ECMAScript edition 5, as defined in section 10.4.1.1 Initial Global
+ Execution Context, step 3). The JavaScript specification requires that the <code title="">this</code> keyword in the global scope return the global object, but this is not
+ compatible with the security design prevalent in implementations as specified herein. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A <dfn id=responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> that is assigned responsibility for actions taken by the
+ scripts that use this <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>When a script creates and <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigates</a> a new
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, the <code title=dom-opener><a href=#dom-opener>opener</a></code> attribute
+ of the new <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object will be set to the
+ <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a>'s <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A <dfn id=responsible-document>responsible document</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that is assigned responsibility for actions taken by the scripts that
+ use this <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, the <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">address</a> of the
+ <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a> is used to set the <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's
+ address">address</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> after it has been reset using <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A <dfn id=responsible-event-loop>responsible event loop</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>An <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> that is used when it would not be immediately clear what event
+ loop to use.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An <dfn id=api-referrer-source>API referrer source</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Either a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> (specifically, the <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a>), or a
+ <a href=#url>URL</a>, which is used by some APIs to determine what value to use for the <code title=http-referer>Referer</code> (sic) header in calls to the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An <dfn id=api-url-character-encoding>API URL character encoding</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A character encoding used to encode URLs by APIs called by scripts that use this <a href=#script-settings-object>script
+ settings object</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An <dfn id=api-base-url>API base URL</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>An <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> used by APIs called by scripts that use this <a href=#script-settings-object>script
+ settings object</a> to resolve <a href=#relative-url title="relative URL">relative URLs</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An <a href=#origin>origin</a> and an <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>An instrument used in security checks.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <dfn id=relevant-settings-object-for-a-global-object>relevant settings object for a global object</dfn> <var title="">o</var> is the
+ <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> whose <a href=#global-object>global object</a> is <var title="">o</var>.
+ (There is always a 1:1 mapping of global objects to script settings objects.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=relevant-settings-object-for-a-script>relevant settings object for a script</dfn> <var title="">s</var> is the
+ <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a> of <var title="">s</var>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=script-settings-for-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>8.1.3.2 </span>Script settings for browsing contexts</h5>
+
+ <p>Whenever a new <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object is created, it must also create a <a href=#script-settings-object>script
+ settings object</a> whose algorithms are defined as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The <a href=#script-execution-environment title="script execution environment">script execution environments</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>When the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> is created, for each language supported by the
+ user agent, create an appropriate execution environment as defined by the relevant
+ specification.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#script-execution-environment>script execution environment</a> is needed, return the appropriate one from
+ those created when the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> was created.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#global-object>global object</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object itself.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> with which the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object is
+ associated.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> with which the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> is currently
+ associated.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#responsible-event-loop>responsible event loop</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> that is associated with the <a href=#unit-of-related-similar-origin-browsing-contexts>unit of related
+ similar-origin browsing contexts</a> to which the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> belongs.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#api-referrer-source>API referrer source</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> with which the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> is currently
+ associated.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#api-url-character-encoding>API URL character encoding</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return the current <a href="#document's-character-encoding" title="document's character encoding">character encoding</a> of
+ the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> with which the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> is currently associated.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return the current <a href=#document-base-url title="document base URL">base URL</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> with which the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> is currently associated.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#origin>origin</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> with which the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> is currently associated.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> with which the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> is currently associated.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=calling-scripts><span class=secno>8.1.3.3 </span>Calling scripts</h5>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#unit-of-related-similar-origin-browsing-contexts>unit of related similar-origin browsing contexts</a> has a <dfn id=stack-of-script-settings-objects>stack of script
+ settings objects</dfn>, which must be initially empty. When a new <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings
+ object</a> is <i>pushed</i> onto this stack, the specified <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a>
+ is to be added to the stack; when the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> on this stack that was
+ most recently pushed onto it is to be <i>popped</i> from the stack, it must be removed. Entries on
+ this stack can be labeled as <dfn id=candidate-entry-settings-object title="candidate entry settings object">candidate entry
+ settings objects</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=jump-to-a-code-entry-point>jump to a code entry-point</dfn> for a <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> <var title="">s</var>, the user agent must run the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">context</var> be the <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a> of <var title="">s</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#prepare-to-run-a-callback>Prepare to run a callback</a> with <var title="">context</var> as the
+ <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a>. If this returns "do not run" then abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Make the appropriate <a href=#script-execution-environment>script execution environment</a> specified by <var title="">context</var> execute the <var title="">s</var>'s <a href=#code-entry-point>code
+ entry-point</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#clean-up-after-running-a-callback>Clean up after running a callback</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The steps to <dfn id=prepare-to-run-a-callback>prepare to run a callback</dfn> with a <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a>
+ <var title="">o</var> are as follows. They return either "run" or "do not run".</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified by <var title="">o</var> is a
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object whose <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object is not <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>,
+ then return "do not run" and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#concept-bc-noscript title=concept-bc-noscript>scripting is disabled</a> for the
+ <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a> specified by <var title="">o</var>, then return "do
+ not run" and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Push <var title="">o</var> onto the <a href=#stack-of-script-settings-objects>stack of script settings objects</a>, and
+ label it as a <a href=#candidate-entry-settings-object>candidate entry settings object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return "run".</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The steps to <dfn id=clean-up-after-running-a-callback>clean up after running a callback</dfn> are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Pop the current <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a> from the <a href=#stack-of-script-settings-objects>stack of script
+ settings objects</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#stack-of-script-settings-objects>stack of script settings objects</a> is now empty, <a href=#run-the-global-script-clean-up-jobs>run the global
+ script clean-up jobs</a>. (These cannot run scripts.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#stack-of-script-settings-objects>stack of script settings objects</a> is now empty, <a href=#perform-a-microtask-checkpoint>perform a
+ microtask checkpoint</a>. (If this runs scripts, these algorithms will be invoked
+ reentrantly.)</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>These algorithms are not invoked by one script directly calling another, but they
+ can be invoked reentrantly in an indirect manner, e.g. if a script dispatches an event which has
+ event listeners registered.</p>
+
+ <p>When a JavaScript <i>SourceElements</i> production is to be evaluated, the <a href=#settings-object>settings
+ object</a> of the <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> corresponding to that
+ <i>SourceElements</i> must be pushed onto the <a href=#stack-of-script-settings-objects>stack of script settings objects</a> before
+ the evaluation begins, and popped when the evaluation ends (regardless of whether it's an abrupt
+ completion or not).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=entry-settings-object>entry settings object</dfn> is the most-recently added <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings
+ object</a> in the <a href=#stack-of-script-settings-objects>stack of script settings objects</a> that is labeled as a
+ <a href=#candidate-entry-settings-object>candidate entry settings object</a>. If the stack is empty, or has no entries labeled as
+ such, then there is no <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>. It is used to obtain, amongst other
+ things, the <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a> to <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolve</a> relative
+ <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> used in scripts running in that <a href=#unit-of-related-similar-origin-browsing-contexts>unit of related
+ similar-origin browsing contexts</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</dfn> is the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> in the
+ <a href=#stack-of-script-settings-objects>stack of script settings objects</a> that was most-recently added (i.e. the last one on
+ the stack). If the stack is empty, then there is no <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>. It is
+ used in some security checks.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The Web IDL specification also uses these algorithms. <a href=#refsWEBIDL>[WEBIDL]</a></p>
+
+ <hr><p>Each <a href=#unit-of-related-similar-origin-browsing-contexts>unit of related similar-origin browsing contexts</a> has a <dfn id=global-script-clean-up-jobs-list>global script
+ clean-up jobs list</dfn>, which must initially be empty. A global script clean-up job cannot run
+ scripts, and cannot be sensitive to the order in which other clean-up jobs are executed. The File
+ API uses this to release <code title="">blob:</code> URLs. <a href=#refsFILEAPI>[FILEAPI]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=run-the-global-script-clean-up-jobs>run the global script clean-up jobs</dfn>, the user agent must
+ perform each of the jobs in the <a href=#global-script-clean-up-jobs-list>global script clean-up jobs list</a> and then empty the
+ list.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=creating-scripts><span class=secno>8.1.3.4 </span>Creating scripts</h5>
+
+ <p>When the specification says that a <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> is to be <dfn id=create-a-script title="create a script">created</dfn>, given some script source, a script source URL, its
+ scripting language, a <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a>, and optionally a <var title="">muted
+ errors</var> flag, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">script</var> be a new <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> that
+ this algorithm will subsequently initialize.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <a href=#concept-bc-noscript title=concept-bc-noscript>scripting is disabled</a> for <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> passed to this algorithm, then abort these steps, as if the script source
+ described a program that did nothing but return void.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Obtain the appropriate <a href=#script-execution-environment>script execution environment</a> for the given scripting
+ language from the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> provided.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Parse/compile/initialise the source of the script using the <a href=#script-execution-environment>script execution
+ environment</a>, as appropriate for the scripting language, and thus obtain <var title="">script</var>'s <a href=#code-entry-point>code entry-point</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">script</var>'s <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a> be the <a href=#script-settings-object>script
+ settings object</a> provided.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">muted errors</var> flag was set, then set <var title="">script</var>'s <a href=#muted-errors>muted errors</a> flag.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If all the steps above succeeded (in particular, if the script was compiled successfully),
+ <a href=#jump-to-a-code-entry-point title="jump to a code entry-point">Jump</a> to <var title="">script</var>'s <a href=#code-entry-point>code
+ entry-point</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#report-the-error>report the error</a> for <var title="">script</var>, with the
+ problematic position (line number and column number), using the <a href=#global-object>global object</a>
+ specified by the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> as the target. If the error is still <i title=concept-error-nothandled><a href=#concept-error-nothandled>not handled</a></i> after this, then the error may be reported to
+ the user.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=killing-scripts><span class=secno>8.1.3.5 </span>Killing scripts</h5>
+
+ <p>User agents may impose resource limitations on scripts, for example CPU quotas, memory limits,
+ total execution time limits, or bandwidth limitations. When a script exceeds a limit, the user
+ agent may either throw a <code><a href=#quotaexceedederror>QuotaExceededError</a></code> exception, abort the script without an
+ exception, prompt the user, or throttle script execution.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, the following script never terminates. A user agent could, after waiting for a
+ few seconds, prompt the user to either terminate the script or let it continue.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;script&gt;
+ while (true) { /* loop */ }
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>User agents are encouraged to allow users to disable scripting whenever the user is prompted
+ either by a script (e.g. using the <code title=dom-alert><a href=#dom-alert>window.alert()</a></code> API) or because
+ of a script's actions (e.g. because it has exceeded a time limit).</p>
+
+ <p>If scripting is disabled while a script is executing, the script should be terminated
+ immediately.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may allow users to specifically disable scripts just for the purposes of closing a
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, the prompt mentioned in the example above could also offer the
+ user with a mechanism to just close the page entirely, without running any <code title=event-unload><a href=#event-unload>unload</a></code> event handlers.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=runtime-script-errors><span class=secno>8.1.3.6 </span>Runtime script errors</h5>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=report-the-error title="report the error">report an error</dfn> for a
+ particular <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> <var title="">script</var> with a particular
+ position <var title="">line</var>:<var title="">col</var>, using a particular target <var title="">target</var>, it must run these steps, after which the error is either <dfn id=concept-error-handled title=concept-error-handled><i>handled</i></dfn> or <dfn id=concept-error-nothandled title=concept-error-nothandled><i>not
+ handled</i></dfn>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">target</var> is <a href=#in-error-reporting-mode>in error reporting mode</a>, then abort these
+ steps; the error is <i title=concept-error-nothandled><a href=#concept-error-nothandled>not handled</a></i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">target</var> be <dfn id=in-error-reporting-mode>in error reporting mode</dfn>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">message</var> be a user-agent-defined string describing the error in a
+ helpful manner.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">error object</var> be the object that represents the error: in the case
+ of an uncaught exception, that would be the object that was thrown; in the case of a JavaScript
+ error that would be an <code>Error</code> object. If there is no corresponding object, then the
+ null value must be used instead.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">location</var> be an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> that corresponds to the
+ resource from which <var title="">script</var> was obtained.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The resource containing the script will typically be the file from which the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> was parsed, e.g. for inline <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements or <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event
+ handler content attributes</a>; or the JavaScript file that the script was in, for external
+ scripts. Even for dynamically-generated scripts, user agents are strongly encouraged to attempt
+ to keep track of the original source of a script. For example, if an external script uses the
+ <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> API to insert an inline
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element during parsing, the URL of the resource containing the script would
+ ideally be reported as being the external script, and the line number might ideally be reported
+ as the line with the <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> call or where the
+ string passed to that call was first constructed. Naturally, implementing this can be somewhat
+ non-trivial.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>User agents are similarly encouraged to keep careful track of the original line
+ numbers, even in the face of <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> calls
+ mutating the document as it is parsed, or <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event handler content attributes</a> spanning
+ multiple lines.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">script</var> has <a href=#muted-errors>muted errors</a>, then set <var title="">message</var> to "<code title="">Script error.</code>", set <var title="">location</var>
+ to the empty string, set <var title="">line</var> and <var title="">col</var> to 0, and set <var title="">error object</var> to null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">event</var> be a new <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a>
+ <code><a href=#errorevent>ErrorEvent</a></code> object that does not bubble but is cancelable, and which has the event
+ name <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Initialise <var title="">event</var>'s <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-message><a href=#dom-errorevent-message>message</a></code>
+ attribute to <var title="">message</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Initialise <var title="">event</var>'s <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-filename><a href=#dom-errorevent-filename>filename</a></code> attribute to <var title="">location</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Initialise <var title="">event</var>'s <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-lineno><a href=#dom-errorevent-lineno>lineno</a></code>
+ attribute to <var title="">line</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Initialise <var title="">event</var>'s <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-colno><a href=#dom-errorevent-colno>colno</a></code>
+ attribute to <var title="">col</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Initialise <var title="">event</var>'s <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-error><a href=#dom-errorevent-error>error</a></code>
+ attribute to <var title="">error object</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>Dispatch</a> <var title="">event</var> at <var title="">target</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">target</var> no longer be <a href=#in-error-reporting-mode>in error reporting mode</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">event</var> was canceled, then the error is <i title=concept-error-handled><a href=#concept-error-handled>handled</a></i>. Otherwise, the error is <i title=concept-error-nothandled><a href=#concept-error-nothandled>not handled</a></i>.</p>
+
+ </ol><h6 id=runtime-script-errors-in-documents><span class=secno>8.1.3.6.1 </span>Runtime script errors in documents</h6>
+
+ <p>Whenever an uncaught runtime script error occurs in one of the scripts associated with a
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, the user agent must <a href=#report-the-error>report the error</a> for the relevant <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a>, with the problematic position (line number and column
+ number) in the resource containing the script, using the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified by
+ the script's <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a> as the target. If the error is still <i title=concept-error-nothandled><a href=#concept-error-nothandled>not handled</a></i> after this, then the error may be reported to
+ the user.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-errorevent-interface><span class=secno>8.1.3.6.2 </span>The <code><a href=#errorevent>ErrorEvent</a></code> interface</h6>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Constructor(DOMString type, optional <a href=#erroreventinit>ErrorEventInit</a> eventInitDict), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=errorevent>ErrorEvent</dfn> : <a href=#event>Event</a> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-errorevent-message title=dom-ErrorEvent-message>message</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-errorevent-filename title=dom-ErrorEvent-filename>filename</a>;
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-errorevent-lineno title=dom-ErrorEvent-lineno>lineno</a>;
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-errorevent-colno title=dom-ErrorEvent-colno>colno</a>;
+ readonly attribute any <a href=#dom-errorevent-error title=dom-ErrorEvent-error>error</a>;
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=erroreventinit>ErrorEventInit</dfn> : <a href=#eventinit>EventInit</a> {
+ DOMString message;
+ DOMString filename;
+ unsigned long lineno;
+ unsigned long colno;
+ any error;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-errorevent-message title=dom-ErrorEvent-message><code>message</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to the
+ empty string. It represents the error message.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-errorevent-filename title=dom-ErrorEvent-filename><code>filename</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to the
+ empty string. It represents the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> of the script in which the error
+ originally occurred.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-errorevent-lineno title=dom-ErrorEvent-lineno><code>lineno</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to
+ zero. It represents the line number where the error occurred in the script.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-errorevent-colno title=dom-ErrorEvent-colno><code>colno</code></dfn> attribute must return the value
+ it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to zero. It
+ represents the column number where the error occurred in the script.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-errorevent-error title=dom-ErrorEvent-error><code>error</code></dfn> attribute must return the value
+ it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to null.
+ Where appropriate, it is set to the object representing the error (e.g. the exception object in
+ the case of an uncaught DOM exception).</p>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=event-loops><span class=secno>8.1.4 </span>Event loops</h4> <!-- <dfn>event loop</dfn> -->
+
+ <h5 id=definitions-1><span class=secno>8.1.4.1 </span>Definitions</h5>
+
+ <p>To coordinate events, user interaction, scripts, rendering, networking, and so forth, user
+ agents must use <dfn id=event-loop title="event loop">event loops</dfn> as described in this section. There are
+ two kinds of event loops: those for <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing contexts</a>, and
+ those for <a href=#workers>workers</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>There must be at least one <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> per user
+ agent, and at most one per <a href=#unit-of-related-similar-origin-browsing-contexts>unit of related similar-origin browsing contexts</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>When there is more than one <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> for a <a href=#unit-of-related-browsing-contexts>unit of related
+ browsing contexts</a>, complications arise when a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> in that group
+ is <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigated</a> such that it switches from one <a href=#unit-of-related-similar-origin-browsing-contexts>unit of related
+ similar-origin browsing contexts</a> to another. This specification does not currently describe
+ how to handle these complications.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> always has at least one <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>. If such an <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing
+ contexts</a> all go away, then the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> goes away as well. A <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> always has an <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> coordinating its activities.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#worker-event-loop>Worker event loops</a> are simpler: each worker has one
+ <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>, and the <a href=#run-a-worker title="run a worker">worker processing model</a>
+ manages the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s lifetime.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>An <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> has one or more <dfn id=task-queue title="task queue">task queues</dfn>. A
+ <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a> is an ordered list of <dfn id=concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</dfn>, which are
+ algorithms that are responsible for such work as:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Events</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Asynchronously dispatching an <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code> object at a particular
+ <code><a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a></code> object is often done by a dedicated task.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Not all events are dispatched using the <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a>, many are
+ dispatched synchronously during other tasks.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Parsing</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> tokenizing one or more bytes, and then processing any
+ resulting tokens, is typically a task.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Callbacks</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Calling a callback asynchronously is often done by a dedicated task.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Using a resource</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>When an algorithm <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetches</a> a resource, if the fetching occurs
+ asynchronously then the processing of the resource once some or all of the resource is available
+ is performed by a task.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Reacting to DOM manipulation</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Some elements have tasks that trigger in response to DOM manipulation, e.g. when that
+ element is <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a document">inserted into the document</a>.</p>
+
+ </dl><p>Each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <a href=#event-loop>event
+ loop</a> is associated with a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>; if the task was queued in the context of
+ an element, then it is the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>; if the task was queued in the context
+ of a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, then it is the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> at the time the task was queued; if the task was queued by or for a <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> then the document is the <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a>
+ specified by the script's <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> is intended for a specific <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>:
+ the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> that is handling <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> for the
+ <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>'s associated <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> or <a href=#workers>worker</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=queue-a-task>queue a task</dfn>, it must add the given task to one of the <a href=#task-queue title="task queue">task queues</a> of the relevant <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> is defined as coming from a specific <dfn id=task-source>task
+ source</dfn>. All the tasks from one particular <a href=#task-source>task source</a> and destined to a
+ particular <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> (e.g. the callbacks generated by timers of a
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, the events fired for mouse movements over that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, the
+ tasks queued for the parser of that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>) must always be added to the same
+ <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a>, but <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> from different <a href=#task-source title="task source">task sources</a> may be placed in different <a href=#task-queue title="task queue">task
+ queues</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, a user agent could have one <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a> for mouse and
+ key events (the <a href=#user-interaction-task-source>user interaction task source</a>), and another for everything else. The
+ user agent could then give keyboard and mouse events preference over other tasks three quarters of
+ the time, keeping the interface responsive but not starving other task queues, and never
+ processing events from any one <a href=#task-source>task source</a> out of order.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> has a <dfn id=currently-running-task>currently running task</dfn>. Initially, this is null.
+ It is used to handle reentrancy. Each <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> also has a <dfn id=performing-a-microtask-checkpoint>performing a
+ microtask checkpoint</dfn> flag, which must initially be false. It is used to prevent reentrant
+ invocation of the <a href=#perform-a-microtask-checkpoint>perform a microtask checkpoint</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A user agent may have one <dfn id=storage-mutex>storage mutex</dfn>. This mutex is used to control access to
+ shared state like cookies. At any one point, the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a> is either free, or
+ owned by a particular <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> or instance of the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p>If a user agent does not implement a <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>, it is exempt from implementing
+ the requirements that require it to acquire or release it.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>User agent implementors have to make a choice between two evils. On the one hand,
+ not implementing the storage mutex means that there is a risk of data corruption: a site could,
+ for instance, try to read a cookie, increment its value, then write it back out, using the new
+ value of the cookie as a unique identifier for the session; if the site does this twice in two
+ different browser windows at the same time, it might end up using the same "unique" identifier for
+ both sessions, with potentially disastrous effects. On the other hand, implementing the storage
+ mutex has potentially serious performance implications: whenever a site uses Web Storage or
+ cookies, all other sites that try to use Web Storage or cookies are blocked until the first site
+ finishes.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>So far, all browsers faced with this decision have opted to not implement the
+ <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever a <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> calls into a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>, and
+ whenever a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> calls into a <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a>, the user
+ agent must release the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=processing-model-7><span class=secno>8.1.4.2 </span>Processing model</h5>
+
+ <p>An <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> must continually run through the following steps for as long as it
+ exists:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- lots of places in the spec refer to "step 1" --><li><p>Select the oldest <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> on one of the <a href=#event-loop>event
+ loop</a>'s <a href=#task-queue title="task queue">task queues</a>, if any, ignoring, in the case of a
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>, tasks whose associated
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s are not <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>. The user agent may pick any <a href=#task-queue>task
+ queue</a>.</li>
+
+ <!-- note: reference to 'previous step' below -->
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#currently-running-task>currently running task</a> to the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> selected in the previous step.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Run</i>: Run the selected <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#currently-running-task>currently running task</a> back to
+ null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a> is now owned by the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>, release it
+ so that it is once again free.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If a task was run in the <i>run</i> step above, remove that task from its <a href=#task-queue>task
+ queue</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#perform-a-microtask-checkpoint>Perform a microtask checkpoint</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Update the rendering</i>: If this <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> is a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> (as opposed to a <a href=#workers>worker</a> <a href=#event-loop>event
+ loop</a>), then, if necessary, update the rendering or user interface of any
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> or <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to reflect the current state.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this is a <a href=#workers>worker</a> <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> (i.e. one running for a
+ <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code>), but there are no <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> in the
+ <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#task-queue title="task queue">task queues</a> and the
+ <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object's <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a> flag is true, then destroy the <a href=#event-loop>event
+ loop</a>, aborting these steps, resuming the <a href=#run-a-worker>run a worker</a> steps described in the
+ Web Workers section below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the first step of the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>Each <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> has a <dfn id=microtask-queue>microtask queue</dfn>. A <dfn id=microtask>microtask</dfn> is a
+ <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is originally to be queued on the <a href=#microtask-queue>microtask
+ queue</a> rather than a <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a>. There are two kinds of <a href=#microtask title=microtask>microtasks</a>: <dfn id=solitary-callback-microtask title="solitary callback microtask">solitary callback
+ microtasks</dfn>, and <dfn id=compound-microtask title="compound microtask">compound microtasks</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This specification only has <a href=#solitary-callback-microtask title="solitary callback microtask">solitary
+ callback microtasks</a>. Specifications that use <a href=#compound-microtask title="compound microtask">compound
+ microtasks</a> have to take extra care to <a href=#execute-a-compound-microtask-subtask title="execute a compound microtask
+ subtask">wrap callbacks</a> to handle <a href=#spin-the-event-loop title="spin the event loop">spinning the event
+ loop</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When an algorithm requires a <a href=#microtask>microtask</a> to be <dfn id=queue-a-microtask title="queue a
+ microtask">queued</dfn>, it must be appended to the relevant <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s
+ <a href=#microtask-queue>microtask queue</a>; the <a href=#task-source>task source</a> of such a <a href=#microtask>microtask</a> is the
+ <dfn id=microtask-task-source>microtask task source</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>It is possible for a <a href=#microtask>microtask</a> to be moved to a regular <a href=#task-queue>task
+ queue</a>, if, during its initial execution, it <a href=#spin-the-event-loop title="spin the event loop">spins the
+ event loop</a>. In that case, the <a href=#microtask-task-source>microtask task source</a> is the <a href=#task-source>task
+ source</a> used. Normally, the <a href=#task-source>task source</a> of a <a href=#microtask>microtask</a> is
+ irrelevant.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=perform-a-microtask-checkpoint>perform a microtask checkpoint</dfn>, if the <a href=#performing-a-microtask-checkpoint>performing a
+ microtask checkpoint</a> flag is false, then the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let the <a href=#performing-a-microtask-checkpoint>performing a microtask checkpoint</a> flag be true.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Microtask queue handling</i>: If the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#microtask-queue>microtask
+ queue</a> is empty, jump to the <i>done</i> step below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Select the oldest <a href=#microtask>microtask</a> on the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#microtask-queue>microtask
+ queue</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#currently-running-task>currently running task</a> to the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> selected in the previous step.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Run</i>: Run the selected <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This might involve invoking scripted callbacks, which eventually calls the
+ <a href=#clean-up-after-running-a-callback>clean up after running a callback</a> steps, which call this <a href=#perform-a-microtask-checkpoint>perform a microtask
+ checkpoint</a> algorithm again, which is why we use the <a href=#performing-a-microtask-checkpoint>performing a microtask
+ checkpoint</a> flag to avoid reentrancy.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#currently-running-task>currently running task</a> back to
+ null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a> is now owned by the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>, release it
+ so that it is once again free.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove the <a href=#microtask>microtask</a> run in the step above from the <a href=#microtask-queue>microtask
+ queue</a>, and return to the <i>microtask queue handling</i> step.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Done</i>: Let the <a href=#performing-a-microtask-checkpoint>performing a microtask checkpoint</a> flag be
+ false.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>If, while a <a href=#compound-microtask>compound microtask</a> is running, the user agent is required to
+ <dfn id=execute-a-compound-microtask-subtask>execute a compound microtask subtask</dfn> to run a series of steps, the user agent must run
+ the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">parent</var> be the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#currently-running-task>currently running
+ task</a> (the currently running <a href=#compound-microtask>compound microtask</a>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">subtask</var> be a new <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that
+ consists of running the given series of steps. The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> of such a
+ <a href=#microtask>microtask</a> is the <a href=#microtask-task-source>microtask task source</a>. This is a <dfn id=compound-microtask-subtask>compound
+ microtask subtask</dfn>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#currently-running-task>currently running task</a> to <var title="">subtask</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run <var title="">subtask</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#currently-running-task>currently running task</a> back to <var title="">parent</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>When an asynchronously-running algorithm is to <dfn id=await-a-stable-state>await a stable state</dfn>, the user agent
+ must <a href=#queue-a-microtask>queue a microtask</a> that first runs the algorithm's <dfn id=synchronous-section>synchronous
+ section</dfn>, and then resumes running the asynchronous algorithm (if appropriate), as described
+ in the algorithm's steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Steps in <a href=#synchronous-section title="synchronous section">synchronous sections</a> are marked
+ with &#x231b;.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When an algorithm says to <dfn id=spin-the-event-loop>spin the event loop</dfn> until a condition <var title="">goal</var> is met, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">task</var> be the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#currently-running-task>currently running
+ task</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This might be a <a href=#microtask>microtask</a>, in which case it is a <a href=#solitary-callback-microtask>solitary
+ callback microtask</a>. It could also be a <a href=#compound-microtask-subtask>compound microtask subtask</a>, or a
+ regular <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that is not a <a href=#microtask>microtask</a>. It will
+ <em>not</em> be a <a href=#compound-microtask>compound microtask</a>.</p> <!-- well, not unless we messed up in the
+ speccing, anyway... -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">task source</var> be <var title="">task</var>'s <a href=#task-source>task
+ source</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">old stack of script settings objects</var> be a copy of the <a href=#stack-of-script-settings-objects>stack
+ of script settings objects</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Empty the <a href=#stack-of-script-settings-objects>stack of script settings objects</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#run-the-global-script-clean-up-jobs>Run the global script clean-up jobs</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#perform-a-microtask-checkpoint>Perform a microtask checkpoint</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Stop <var title="">task</var>, allowing whatever algorithm that invoked it to resume, but
+ continue these steps asynchronously.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This causes one of the following algorithms to continue: the <a href=#event-loop>event
+ loop</a>'s main set of steps, the <a href=#perform-a-microtask-checkpoint>perform a microtask checkpoint</a> algorithm, or
+ the <a href=#execute-a-compound-microtask-subtask>execute a compound microtask subtask</a> algorithm to continue.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait until the condition <var title="">goal</var> is met.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to continue running these steps, using the <a href=#task-source>task
+ source</a> <var title="">task source</var>. Wait until this new task runs before continuing
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace the <a href=#stack-of-script-settings-objects>stack of script settings objects</a> with the <var title="">old
+ stack of script settings objects</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the caller.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>Some of the algorithms in this specification, for historical reasons, require the user agent to
+ <dfn id=pause>pause</dfn> while running a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> until a condition <var title="">goal</var> is met. This means running the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If necessary, update the rendering or user interface of any <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> or
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to reflect the current state.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait until the condition <var title="">goal</var> is met. While a user agent has a paused
+ <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>, the corresponding <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> must not run
+ further <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a>, and any script in the currently running <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> must block. User agents should remain responsive to user input
+ while paused, however, albeit in a reduced capacity since the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> will not be
+ doing anything.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=obtain-the-storage-mutex>obtain the storage mutex</dfn> as part of running a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>, it must run through the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a> is already owned by this <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>'s <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, <a href=#pause>pause</a> until the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a> can be taken by the
+ <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Take ownership of the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=generic-task-sources><span class=secno>8.1.4.3 </span>Generic task sources</h5>
+
+ <p>The following <a href=#task-source title="task source">task sources</a> are used by a number of mostly
+ unrelated features in this and other specifications.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The <dfn id=dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task source</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This <a href=#task-source>task source</a> is used for features that react to DOM manipulations, such as
+ things that happen asynchronously when an element is <a href=#insert-an-element-into-a-document title="insert an element into a
+ document">inserted into the document</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=user-interaction-task-source>user interaction task source</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This <a href=#task-source>task source</a> is used for features that react to user interaction, for
+ example keyboard or mouse input.</p>
+
+ <p>Asynchronous events sent in response to user input (e.g. <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> events) must be fired using <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> with the <a href=#user-interaction-task-source>user
+ interaction task source</a>. <a href=#refsDOMEVENTS>[DOMEVENTS]</a></p> <!-- user
+ interaction events integration point -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=networking-task-source>networking task source</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This <a href=#task-source>task source</a> is used for features that trigger in response to network
+ activity.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <dfn id=history-traversal-task-source>history traversal task source</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>This <a href=#task-source>task source</a> is used to queue calls to <code title=dom-history-back><a href=#dom-history-back>history.back()</a></code> and similar APIs.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=events><span class=secno>8.1.5 </span>Events</h4>
+
+ <h5 id=event-handler-attributes><span class=secno>8.1.5.1 </span>Event handlers</h5>
+
+ <!--test: <a href="http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E%0A...%3Cscript%3E%0Aw(a%3Ddocument.implementation.createDocument(null%2C%20null%2C%20null))%3B%0Aw(a.appendChild(a.createElementNS('http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxhtml'%2C%20'html')))%3B%0Aw(b%3Da.firstChild.appendChild(a.createElementNS('http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxhtml'%2C%20'body')))%3B%0Aw(b.test%20%3D%20w)%3B%0Aw(b.setAttribute('onclick'%2C%20'test(%22fire%3A%20%22%20%2B%20event)'))%3B%0Aw(b.onclick)%3B%0Aw(e%3Da.createEvent('Event'))%3B%0Aw(e.initEvent('click'%2C%20false%2C%20false))%3B%0Aw(b.dispatchEvent(e))%3B%0A%3C%2Fscript%3E">test</a>-->
+
+ <p>Many objects can have <dfn id=event-handlers>event handlers</dfn> specified. These act as non-capture event
+ listeners for the object on which they are specified. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+
+ <p>An <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a> has a name, which always starts with
+ "<code title="">on</code>" and is followed by the name of the event for which it is intended.</p>
+
+ <p>An <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a> can either have the value null, or be set
+ to a callback object<span class=impl>, or be set to an <a href=#internal-raw-uncompiled-handler>internal raw uncompiled
+ handler</a></span>. The <code><a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a></code> callback function type describes how this is
+ exposed to scripts. <span class=impl>Initially, event handlers must be set to null.</span></p>
+
+ <p>Event handlers are exposed in one of two ways.</p>
+
+ <p>The first way, common to all event handlers, is as an <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes title="event handler IDL
+ attributes">event handler IDL attribute</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The second way is as an <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">event handler content
+ attribute</a>. Event handlers on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> and some of the event handlers on
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects are exposed in this way.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>An <dfn id=event-handler-idl-attributes title="event handler IDL attributes">event handler IDL attribute</dfn> is an IDL
+ attribute for a specific <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a>. The name of the IDL
+ attribute is the same as the name of the <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>Event handler IDL attributes</a>, on setting, must set the corresponding <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a> to their new value, and on getting, must return the
+ result of <a href=#getting-the-current-value-of-the-event-handler>getting the current value of the event handler</a> in question (this can throw
+ an exception, in which case the getting propagates it to the caller, it does not catch it).</p>
+
+ <p>If an <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes title="event handler IDL attributes">event handler IDL attribute</a> exposes an
+ <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a> of an object that doesn't exist, it must always
+ return null on getting and must do nothing on setting.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This can happen in particular for <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes title="event handler IDL attributes">event
+ handler IDL attribute</a> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements that do not have corresponding
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Certain event handler IDL attributes have additional requirements, in particular
+ the <code title=handler-MessagePort-onmessage><a href=#handler-messageport-onmessage>onmessage</a></code> attribute of
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects.</p>
+
+ <hr></div>
+
+ <p>An <dfn id=event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">event handler content attribute</dfn> is a
+ content attribute for a specific <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a>. The name of
+ the content attribute is the same as the name of the <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event
+ handler</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>Event handler content attributes</a>, when specified, must contain valid JavaScript
+ code which, when parsed, would match the <code title="">FunctionBody</code> production after
+ automatic semicolon insertion. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When an <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">event handler content attribute</a>
+ is set, the user agent must set the corresponding <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event
+ handler</a> to an <a href=#internal-raw-uncompiled-handler>internal raw uncompiled handler</a> consisting of the attribute's
+ new value and the script location where the attribute was set to this value</p>
+
+ <p>When an event handler content attribute is removed, the user agent must set the corresponding
+ <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a> to null.</p>
+ <!--
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/245 onload
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/247 onclick
+ see http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=7626#c5 for reasoning
+ -->
+
+ <hr><p>When an <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a> <var title="">H</var> of an element
+ or object <var title="">T</var> implementing the <code><a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a></code> interface is first set
+ to a non-null value, the user agent must append an <a href=#concept-event-listener title=concept-event-listener>event
+ listener</a> to the list of <a href=#concept-event-listener title=concept-event-listener>event listeners</a>
+ associated with <var title="">T</var> with <i>type</i> set to the <dfn id=event-handler-event-type>event handler event
+ type</dfn> corresponding to <var title="">H</var>, <i>capture</i> set to false, and
+ <i>listener</i> set to <a href=#the-event-handler-processing-algorithm>the event handler processing algorithm</a> defined below. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <i>listener</i> is emphatically <em>not</em> the <a href=#event-handlers title="event
+ handlers">event handler</a> itself. Every event handler ends up registering the same
+ <i>listener</i>, the algorithm defined below, which takes care of invoking the right callback, and
+ processing the callback's return value.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This only happens the first time the <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event
+ handler</a>'s value is set. Since listeners are called in the order they were registered, the
+ order of event listeners for a particular event type will always be first the event listeners
+ registered with <code title=dom-EventTarget-addEventListener>addEventListener()</code> before
+ the first time the <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a> was set to a non-null value,
+ then the callback to which it is currently set, if any, and finally the event listeners registered
+ with <code title=dom-EventTarget-addEventListener>addEventListener()</code> <em>after</em> the
+ first time the <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a> was set to a non-null value.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>This example demonstrates the order in which event listeners are invoked. If the button in
+ this example is clicked by the user, the page will show four alerts, with the text "ONE", "TWO",
+ "THREE", and "FOUR" respectively.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;button id="test"&gt;Start Demo&lt;/button&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var button = document.getElementById('test');
+ button.addEventListener('click', function () { alert('ONE') }, false);
+ button.setAttribute('onclick', "alert('NOT CALLED')"); // event handler listener is registered here
+ button.addEventListener('click', function () { alert('THREE') }, false);
+ button.onclick = function () { alert('TWO'); };
+ button.addEventListener('click', function () { alert('FOUR') }, false);
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>The interfaces implemented by the event object do not influence whether an <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a> is triggered or not.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=the-event-handler-processing-algorithm>The event handler processing algorithm</dfn> for an <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event
+ handler</a> <var title="">H</var> and an <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code> object <var title="">E</var> is as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">callback</var> be the result of <a href=#getting-the-current-value-of-the-event-handler>getting the current value of the
+ event handler</a> <var title="">H</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">callback</var> is null, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Process the <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code> object <var title="">E</var> as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">E</var> is an <code><a href=#errorevent>ErrorEvent</a></code> object and the <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes title="event
+ handler IDL attributes">event handler IDL attribute</a>'s type is
+ <code><a href=#onerroreventhandler>OnErrorEventHandler</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#concept-invoke-event-handler title=concept-invoke-event-handler>Invoke</a> <var title="">callback</var> with five arguments,
+ the first one having the value of <var title="">E</var>'s <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-message><a href=#dom-errorevent-message>message</a></code> attribute,
+ the second having the value of <var title="">E</var>'s <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-filename><a href=#dom-errorevent-filename>filename</a></code> attribute,
+ the third having the value of <var title="">E</var>'s <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-lineno><a href=#dom-errorevent-lineno>lineno</a></code> attribute,
+ the fourth having the value of <var title="">E</var>'s <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-colno><a href=#dom-errorevent-colno>colno</a></code> attribute,
+ the fifth having the value of <var title="">E</var>'s <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-error><a href=#dom-errorevent-error>error</a></code> attribute, and
+ with the <i title=dfn-callback-this-value>callback this value</i> set to <var title="">E</var>'s <code title=dom-Event-currentTarget>currentTarget</code>. Let <var title="">return value</var> be the callback's return value. <a href=#refsWEBIDL>[WEBIDL]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#concept-invoke-event-handler title=concept-invoke-event-handler>Invoke</a> <var title="">callback</var>
+ with one argument, the value of which is the <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code> object <var title="">E</var>,
+ with the <i title=dfn-callback-this-value>callback this value</i> set to <var title="">E</var>'s <code title=dom-Event-currentTarget>currentTarget</code>. Let <var title="">return value</var> be the callback's return value. <a href=#refsWEBIDL>[WEBIDL]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=XXX>In this step, <dfn id=concept-invoke-event-handler title=concept-invoke-event-handler>invoke</dfn> means to run the
+ <a href=#jump-to-a-code-entry-point>jump to a code entry-point</a> algorithm.</p> <!-- bug 19211 / bug 23744 -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Process <var title="">return value</var> as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the event type is <code class=event-mouseover>mouseover</code></dt>
+ <dt>If the event type is <code class=event-error>error</code> and <var title="">E</var> is an <code><a href=#errorevent>ErrorEvent</a></code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>If <var title="">return value</var> is a Web IDL boolean true value, then cancel the event.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the event type is <code class=event-beforeunload>beforeunload</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes title="event handler IDL attributes">event handler IDL
+ attribute</a>'s type is <code><a href=#onbeforeunloadeventhandler>OnBeforeUnloadEventHandler</a></code>, and the <var title="">return value</var> will therefore have been coerced into either the value null or a
+ DOMString.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">return value</var> is null, then cancel the event.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, If the <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code> object <var title="">E</var> is a
+ <code><a href=#beforeunloadevent>BeforeUnloadEvent</a></code> object, and the <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code> object <var title="">E</var>'s <code title=dom-BeforeUnloadEvent-returnValue><a href=#dom-beforeunloadevent-returnvalue>returnValue</a></code>
+ attribute's value is the empty string, then set the <code title=dom-BeforeUnloadEvent-returnValue><a href=#dom-beforeunloadevent-returnvalue>returnValue</a></code> attribute's value to <var title="">return value</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>If <var title="">return value</var> is a Web IDL boolean false value, then cancel the
+ event.</dd>
+
+ <!-- IE actually uncancels the event if the function returns true -->
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code><a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a></code> callback function type represents a callback used for event
+ handlers. It is represented in Web IDL as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[TreatNonCallableAsNull]
+callback <dfn id=eventhandlernonnull>EventHandlerNonNull</dfn> = any (<a href=#event>Event</a> event);
+typedef <a href=#eventhandlernonnull>EventHandlerNonNull</a>? <dfn id=eventhandler>EventHandler</dfn>;</pre>
+
+ <p class=note>In JavaScript, any <code>Function</code> object implements this interface.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, the following document fragment:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;body onload="alert(this)" onclick="alert(this)"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>...leads to an alert saying "<code title="">[object&nbsp;Window]</code>" when the document is
+ loaded, and an alert saying "<code title="">[object&nbsp;HTMLBodyElement]</code>" whenever the
+ user clicks something in the page.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The return value of the function affects whether the event is canceled or not:
+ <span class=impl>as described above,</span> if the return value is false, the event is canceled
+ (except for <code class=event-mouseover>mouseover</code> events, where the return value has to
+ be true to cancel the event). With <code title=event-beforeunload><a href=#event-beforeunload>beforeunload</a></code> events,
+ the value is instead used to determine the message to show the user.</p>
+
+ <p>For historical reasons, the <code title=handler-onerror><a href=#handler-onerror>onerror</a></code> handler has different
+ arguments:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[TreatNonCallableAsNull]
+callback <dfn id=onerroreventhandlernonnull>OnErrorEventHandlerNonNull</dfn> = any ((<a href=#event>Event</a> or DOMString) event, optional DOMString source, optional unsigned long lineno, optional unsigned long column, optional any error);
+typedef <a href=#onerroreventhandlernonnull>OnErrorEventHandlerNonNull</a>? <dfn id=onerroreventhandler>OnErrorEventHandler</dfn>;</pre>
+
+ <p>Similarly, the <code title=handler-window-onbeforeunload><a href=#handler-window-onbeforeunload>onbeforeunload</a></code> handler has a
+ different return value:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[TreatNonCallableAsNull]
+callback <dfn id=onbeforeunloadeventhandlernonnull>OnBeforeUnloadEventHandlerNonNull</dfn> = DOMString? (<a href=#event>Event</a> event);
+typedef <a href=#onbeforeunloadeventhandlernonnull>OnBeforeUnloadEventHandlerNonNull</a>? <dfn id=onbeforeunloadeventhandler>OnBeforeUnloadEventHandler</dfn>;</pre>
+
+ <!-- onreadystatechange is also defined specially, using [LenientThis]; see IDL -->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <hr><p>An <dfn id=internal-raw-uncompiled-handler>internal raw uncompiled handler</dfn> is a tuple with the following information:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>An uncompiled script body
+
+ <li>A location where the script body originated, in case an error needs to be reported
+
+ </ul><p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=getting-the-current-value-of-the-event-handler title="getting the current value of the event handler">get the
+ current value of the event handler</dfn> <var title="">H</var>, it must run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">H</var>'s value is an <a href=#internal-raw-uncompiled-handler>internal raw uncompiled handler</a>, run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">H</var> is an element's <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event
+ handler</a>, then let <var title="">element</var> be the element, and <var title="">document</var> be the element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <var title="">H</var> is a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's <a href=#event-handlers title="event
+ handlers">event handler</a>: let <var title="">element</var> be null, and let <var title="">document</var> be the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> most recently associated with that
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <!--<var title="">element</var> is not null and--> <var title="">document</var> is
+ not in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, or if <a href=#concept-bc-script title=concept-bc-script>scripting is
+ enabled</a> for <var title="">document</var>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, then return
+ null and abort the algorithm for <a href=#getting-the-current-value-of-the-event-handler>getting the current value of the event
+ handler</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">body</var> be the uncompiled script body in the <a href=#internal-raw-uncompiled-handler>internal raw
+ uncompiled handler</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">location</var> be the location where the script body originated, as
+ given by the <a href=#internal-raw-uncompiled-handler>internal raw uncompiled handler</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">element</var> is not null and <var title="">element</var> has a
+ <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>, let <var title="">form owner</var> be that <a href=#form-owner>form owner</a>.
+ Otherwise, let <var title="">form owner</var> be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">script settings</var> be the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a>
+ created for the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object with which <var title="">document</var> is
+ currently associated.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Obtain the <a href=#script-execution-environment>script execution environment</a> for JavaScript from <var title="">script settings</var>.</li>
+ <!-- v2: we could support HTML4's Content-Script-Type header here -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">body</var> is not parsable as <i>FunctionBody</i> or if parsing detects
+ an <i>early error</i>, then follow these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set <var title="">H</var>'s value to null.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#report-the-error>Report the error</a> for the appropriate <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> and with the appropriate position (line number and
+ column number) given by <var title="">location</var>, using the <a href=#global-object>global object</a>
+ specified by <var title="">script settings</var> as the target. If the error is still <i title=concept-error-nothandled><a href=#concept-error-nothandled>not handled</a></i> after this, then the error may be reported
+ to the user.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Jump to the step labeled <i>end</i> below.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note><i>FunctionBody</i> is defined in ECMAScript edition 5 section 13 Function
+ Definition. <i>Early error</i> is defined in ECMAScript edition 5 section 16 Errors. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">body</var> begins with a Directive Prologue that contains a Use Strict
+ Directive then let <var title="">strict</var> be true, otherwise let <var title="">strict</var> be false.</p> <!-- we can't defer to 10.1.1 since we're not using a
+ Function constructor but doing it ourselves. -->
+
+ <p class=note>The terms "Directive Prologue" and "Use Strict Directive" are defined in
+ ECMAScript edition 5 section 14.1 Directive Prologues and the Use Strict Directive. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <!-- currently this is unnecessary: http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=11977#c4
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">strict</var> is true, and anything in <var title="">body</var> is a
+ <code>SyntaxError</code> according to the Strict Mode Restrictions, then [...handle the error
+ as described above...].</p>
+
+ <p class="note">The Strict Mode Restrictions are those listed in ECMAScript edition 5 section
+ 13.1 Strict Mode Restrictions. <a href="#refsECMA262">[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+ -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Using the <a href=#script-execution-environment>script execution environment</a> obtained above, create a function
+ object (as defined in ECMAScript edition 5 section 13.2 Creating Function Objects), with:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Parameter list <var title="">FormalParameterList</var></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">H</var> is an <code title=handler-onerror><a href=#handler-onerror>onerror</a></code> <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event handler</a> of a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the function have five arguments, named <code title="">event</code>, <code title="">source</code>, <code title="">lineno</code>, <code title="">colno</code>, and
+ <code title="">error</code>.</dd>
+
+ <!-- /colno/ is new as of 2012; see https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=13319 and 22800 -->
+ <!-- /error/ is new as of 2013; see http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-whatwg-archive/2013Jul/0313.html -->
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>Let the function have a single argument called <code title="">event</code>.</dd>
+
+ </dl></dd>
+
+ <dt>Function body <var title="">FunctionBody</var></dt>
+
+ <dd>The result of parsing <var title="">body</var> above.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Lexical Environment <var title="">Scope</var></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">H</var> is an element's <a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">event
+ handler</a>, then let <var title="">Scope</var> be the result of
+ NewObjectEnvironment(<var title="">document</var>, the <var title="">global
+ environment</var>).</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <var title="">H</var> is a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's <a href=#event-handlers title="event
+ handlers">event handler</a>: let <var title="">Scope</var> be the <var title="">global environment</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">form owner</var> is not null, let <var title="">Scope</var> be
+ the result of NewObjectEnvironment(<var title="">form owner</var>, <var title="">Scope</var>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">element</var> is not null, let <var title="">Scope</var> be the
+ result of NewObjectEnvironment(<var title="">element</var>, <var title="">Scope</var>).</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>NewObjectEnvironment() is defined in ECMAScript edition 5 section 10.2.2.3
+ NewObjectEnvironment (O, E). <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Boolean flag <var title="">Strict</var></dt>
+
+ <dd>The value of <var title="">strict</var>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Let <var title="">function</var> be this new function.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">script</var> be a new <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a>.</li>
+
+ <!-- SCRIPT EXEC -->
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">script</var>'s <a href=#code-entry-point>code entry-point</a> be <var title="">function</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">script</var>'s <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a> be <var title="">script
+ settings</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">H</var> to <var title="">function</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p><i>End</i>: Return <var title="">H</var>'s value.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=event-handlers-on-elements,-document-objects,-and-window-objects><span class=secno>8.1.5.2 </span>Event handlers on elements, <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects, and <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects</h5>
+
+ <p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) <span class=impl>that must be</span>
+ supported by all <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>, as both <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event handler content attributes</a>
+ and <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a>; and <span class=impl>that must be</span>
+ supported by all <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> and <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL
+ attributes</a>:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-onabort title=handler-onabort><code>onabort</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-abort><a href=#event-abort>abort</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onautocomplete title=handler-onautocomplete><code>onautocomplete</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-autocomplete><a href=#event-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> <!-- new for requestAutocomplete() -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onautocompleteerror title=handler-onautocompleteerror><code>onautocompleteerror</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-autocompleteerror><a href=#event-autocompleteerror>autocompleteerror</a></code> <!-- new for requestAutocomplete() -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-oncancel title=handler-oncancel><code>oncancel</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-cancel><a href=#event-cancel>cancel</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-oncanplay title=handler-oncanplay><code>oncanplay</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-canplay><a href=#event-media-canplay>canplay</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-oncanplaythrough title=handler-oncanplaythrough><code>oncanplaythrough</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-canplaythrough><a href=#event-media-canplaythrough>canplaythrough</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onchange title=handler-onchange><code>onchange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-change><a href=#event-change>change</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onclick title=handler-onclick><code>onclick</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onclose title=handler-onclose><code>onclose</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code> <!-- new for <dialog> -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-oncontextmenu title=handler-oncontextmenu><code>oncontextmenu</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-contextmenu><a href=#event-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-oncuechange title=handler-oncuechange><code>oncuechange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-cuechange><a href=#event-media-cuechange>cuechange</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-ondblclick title=handler-ondblclick><code>ondblclick</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-dblclick><a href=#event-dblclick>dblclick</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-ondrag title=handler-ondrag><code>ondrag</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-dnd-drag><a href=#event-dnd-drag>drag</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-ondragend title=handler-ondragend><code>ondragend</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-dnd-dragend><a href=#event-dnd-dragend>dragend</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-ondragenter title=handler-ondragenter><code>ondragenter</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-dnd-dragenter><a href=#event-dnd-dragenter>dragenter</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-ondragexit title=handler-ondragexit><code>ondragexit</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-dnd-dragexit><a href=#event-dnd-dragexit>dragexit</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-ondragleave title=handler-ondragleave><code>ondragleave</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-dnd-dragleave><a href=#event-dnd-dragleave>dragleave</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-ondragover title=handler-ondragover><code>ondragover</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-dnd-dragover><a href=#event-dnd-dragover>dragover</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-ondragstart title=handler-ondragstart><code>ondragstart</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-ondrop title=handler-ondrop><code>ondrop</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-dnd-drop><a href=#event-dnd-drop>drop</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-ondurationchange title=handler-ondurationchange><code>ondurationchange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-durationchange><a href=#event-media-durationchange>durationchange</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onemptied title=handler-onemptied><code>onemptied</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-emptied><a href=#event-media-emptied>emptied</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onended title=handler-onended><code>onended</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-ended><a href=#event-media-ended>ended</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-oninput title=handler-oninput><code>oninput</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-input><a href=#event-input>input</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-oninvalid title=handler-oninvalid><code>oninvalid</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-invalid><a href=#event-invalid>invalid</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onkeydown title=handler-onkeydown><code>onkeydown</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-keydown><a href=#event-keydown>keydown</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onkeypress title=handler-onkeypress><code>onkeypress</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-keypress><a href=#event-keypress>keypress</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onkeyup title=handler-onkeyup><code>onkeyup</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-keyup><a href=#event-keyup>keyup</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onloadeddata title=handler-onloadeddata><code>onloadeddata</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-loadeddata><a href=#event-media-loadeddata>loadeddata</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onloadedmetadata title=handler-onloadedmetadata><code>onloadedmetadata</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-loadedmetadata><a href=#event-media-loadedmetadata>loadedmetadata</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onloadstart title=handler-onloadstart><code>onloadstart</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-loadstart><a href=#event-media-loadstart>loadstart</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onmousedown title=handler-onmousedown><code>onmousedown</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-mousedown><a href=#event-mousedown>mousedown</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onmouseenter title=handler-onmouseenter><code>onmouseenter</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-mouseenter><a href=#event-mouseenter>mouseenter</a></code> <!-- compat -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onmouseleave title=handler-onmouseleave><code>onmouseleave</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-mouseleave><a href=#event-mouseleave>mouseleave</a></code> <!-- compat -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onmousemove title=handler-onmousemove><code>onmousemove</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-mousemove><a href=#event-mousemove>mousemove</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onmouseout title=handler-onmouseout><code>onmouseout</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-mouseout><a href=#event-mouseout>mouseout</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onmouseover title=handler-onmouseover><code>onmouseover</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-mouseover><a href=#event-mouseover>mouseover</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onmouseup title=handler-onmouseup><code>onmouseup</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-mouseup><a href=#event-mouseup>mouseup</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onmousewheel title=handler-onmousewheel><code>onmousewheel</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-mousewheel><a href=#event-mousewheel>mousewheel</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onpause title=handler-onpause><code>onpause</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-pause><a href=#event-media-pause>pause</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onplay title=handler-onplay><code>onplay</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-play><a href=#event-media-play>play</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onplaying title=handler-onplaying><code>onplaying</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-playing><a href=#event-media-playing>playing</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onprogress title=handler-onprogress><code>onprogress</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-progress><a href=#event-media-progress>progress</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onratechange title=handler-onratechange><code>onratechange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-ratechange><a href=#event-media-ratechange>ratechange</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onreset title=handler-onreset><code>onreset</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-reset><a href=#event-reset>reset</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onseeked title=handler-onseeked><code>onseeked</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-seeked><a href=#event-media-seeked>seeked</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onseeking title=handler-onseeking><code>onseeking</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-seeking><a href=#event-media-seeking>seeking</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onselect title=handler-onselect><code>onselect</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-select><a href=#event-select>select</a></code> <!-- widely used --> <!-- [CSSOM] -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onshow title=handler-onshow><code>onshow</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-show><a href=#event-show>show</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onsort title=handler-onsort><code>onsort</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-sort><a href=#event-sort>sort</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onstalled title=handler-onstalled><code>onstalled</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-stalled><a href=#event-media-stalled>stalled</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onsubmit title=handler-onsubmit><code>onsubmit</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-submit><a href=#event-submit>submit</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onsuspend title=handler-onsuspend><code>onsuspend</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-suspend><a href=#event-media-suspend>suspend</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-ontimeupdate title=handler-ontimeupdate><code>ontimeupdate</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-ontoggle title=handler-ontoggle><code>ontoggle</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-toggle><a href=#event-toggle>toggle</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onvolumechange title=handler-onvolumechange><code>onvolumechange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-volumechange><a href=#event-media-volumechange>volumechange</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onwaiting title=handler-onwaiting><code>onwaiting</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-media-waiting><a href=#event-media-waiting>waiting</a></code>
+
+<!-- not supported, use dnd: -->
+<!--<tr><td><dfn title="handler-onbeforecopy"><code>onbeforecopy</code></dfn> <td> <code title="event-cp-beforecopy">beforecopy</code>--> <!-- widely used -->
+<!--<tr><td><dfn title="handler-oncopy"><code>oncopy</code></dfn> <td> <code title="event-cp-copy">copy</code>--> <!-- widely used -->
+<!--<tr><td><dfn title="handler-onpaste"><code>onpaste</code></dfn> <td> <code title="event-cp-paste">paste</code>--> <!-- widely used -->
+<!-- not supported yet (v2?): -->
+<!--<tr><td><dfn title="handler-onselectstart"><code>onselectstart</code></dfn> <td> <code title="event-selectstart">selectstart</code>--> <!-- widely used -->
+ </table><hr><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) <span class=impl>that must be</span>
+ supported by all <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> other than <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> and <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code>
+ elements, as both <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event handler content attributes</a> and <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL
+ attributes</a>; <span class=impl>that must be</span> supported by all <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ objects, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a>; and <span class=impl>that must be</span>
+ supported by all <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a> on the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects themselves, and with corresponding <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event handler content
+ attributes</a> and <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a> exposed on all <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>
+ and <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> elements that are owned by <a href=#concept-document-window title=concept-document-window>that
+ <code>Window</code> object's <code>Document</code>s</a>:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-onblur title=handler-onblur><code>onblur</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-blur><a href=#event-blur>blur</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onerror title=handler-onerror><code>onerror</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onfocus title=handler-onfocus><code>onfocus</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-focus><a href=#event-focus>focus</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onload title=handler-onload><code>onload</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onresize title=handler-onresize><code>onresize</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-resize><a href=#event-resize>resize</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-onscroll title=handler-onscroll><code>onscroll</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-scroll><a href=#event-scroll>scroll</a></code>
+ </table><hr><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) <span class=impl>that must be</span>
+ supported by <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a> on the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects themselves, and with corresponding <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event handler content
+ attributes</a> and <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a> exposed on all <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>
+ and <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> elements that are owned by <a href=#concept-document-window title=concept-document-window>that
+ <code>Window</code> object's <code>Document</code>s</a>:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-onafterprint title=handler-window-onafterprint><code>onafterprint</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-afterprint><a href=#event-afterprint>afterprint</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-onbeforeprint title=handler-window-onbeforeprint><code>onbeforeprint</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-beforeprint><a href=#event-beforeprint>beforeprint</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-onbeforeunload title=handler-window-onbeforeunload><code>onbeforeunload</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-beforeunload><a href=#event-beforeunload>beforeunload</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-onhashchange title=handler-window-onhashchange><code>onhashchange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-hashchange><a href=#event-hashchange>hashchange</a></code> <!-- new -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-onlanguagechange title=handler-window-onlanguagechange><code>onlanguagechange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-languagechange><a href=#event-languagechange>languagechange</a></code> <!-- new -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-onmessage title=handler-window-onmessage><code>onmessage</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> <!-- new for postMessage -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-onoffline title=handler-window-onoffline><code>onoffline</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-offline><a href=#event-offline>offline</a></code> <!-- new -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-ononline title=handler-window-ononline><code>ononline</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-online><a href=#event-online>online</a></code> <!-- new -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-onpagehide title=handler-window-onpagehide><code>onpagehide</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-pagehide><a href=#event-pagehide>pagehide</a></code> <!-- new -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-onpageshow title=handler-window-onpageshow><code>onpageshow</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-pageshow><a href=#event-pageshow>pageshow</a></code> <!-- new -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-onpopstate title=handler-window-onpopstate><code>onpopstate</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-popstate><a href=#event-popstate>popstate</a></code> <!-- new -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-onstorage title=handler-window-onstorage><code>onstorage</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-storage><a href=#event-storage>storage</a></code> <!-- new -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-window-onunload title=handler-window-onunload><code>onunload</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-unload><a href=#event-unload>unload</a></code> <!-- widely used -->
+ </table><hr><!-- this guy is only on Document and not on HTMLElement because otherwise HTMLScriptElement would
+ have it and that causes compatibility issues since IE fires readystatechange events on <script>,
+ not load events, and we can't fire both, and some sites try to decide which to look for based on
+ the presence of script.onreadystatechange on HTMLScriptElement.
+ http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=13965
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2011-September/033136.html
+ --><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) <span class=impl>that must be</span>
+ supported on <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a>:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-onreadystatechange title=handler-onreadystatechange><code>onreadystatechange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-readystatechange><a href=#event-readystatechange>readystatechange</a></code>
+ </table><h6 id=idl-definitions><span class=secno>8.1.5.2.1 </span>IDL definitions</h6>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject]
+interface <dfn id=globaleventhandlers>GlobalEventHandlers</dfn> {
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onabort title=handler-onabort>onabort</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onautocomplete title=handler-onautocomplete>onautocomplete</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onautocompleteerror title=handler-onautocompleteerror>onautocompleteerror</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onblur title=handler-onblur>onblur</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-oncancel title=handler-oncancel>oncancel</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-oncanplay title=handler-oncanplay>oncanplay</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-oncanplaythrough title=handler-oncanplaythrough>oncanplaythrough</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onchange title=handler-onchange>onchange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onclick title=handler-onclick>onclick</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onclose title=handler-onclose>onclose</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-oncontextmenu title=handler-oncontextmenu>oncontextmenu</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-oncuechange title=handler-oncuechange>oncuechange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-ondblclick title=handler-ondblclick>ondblclick</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-ondrag title=handler-ondrag>ondrag</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-ondragend title=handler-ondragend>ondragend</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-ondragenter title=handler-ondragenter>ondragenter</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-ondragexit title=handler-ondragexit>ondragexit</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-ondragleave title=handler-ondragleave>ondragleave</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-ondragover title=handler-ondragover>ondragover</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-ondragstart title=handler-ondragstart>ondragstart</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-ondrop title=handler-ondrop>ondrop</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-ondurationchange title=handler-ondurationchange>ondurationchange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onemptied title=handler-onemptied>onemptied</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onended title=handler-onended>onended</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#onerroreventhandler>OnErrorEventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onerror title=handler-onerror>onerror</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onfocus title=handler-onfocus>onfocus</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-oninput title=handler-oninput>oninput</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-oninvalid title=handler-oninvalid>oninvalid</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onkeydown title=handler-onkeydown>onkeydown</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onkeypress title=handler-onkeypress>onkeypress</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onkeyup title=handler-onkeyup>onkeyup</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onload title=handler-onload>onload</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onloadeddata title=handler-onloadeddata>onloadeddata</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onloadedmetadata title=handler-onloadedmetadata>onloadedmetadata</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onloadstart title=handler-onloadstart>onloadstart</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onmousedown title=handler-onmousedown>onmousedown</a>;
+ [LenientThis] attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onmouseenter title=handler-onmouseenter>onmouseenter</a>;
+ [LenientThis] attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onmouseleave title=handler-onmouseleave>onmouseleave</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onmousemove title=handler-onmousemove>onmousemove</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onmouseout title=handler-onmouseout>onmouseout</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onmouseover title=handler-onmouseover>onmouseover</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onmouseup title=handler-onmouseup>onmouseup</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onmousewheel title=handler-onmousewheel>onmousewheel</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onpause title=handler-onpause>onpause</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onplay title=handler-onplay>onplay</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onplaying title=handler-onplaying>onplaying</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onprogress title=handler-onprogress>onprogress</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onratechange title=handler-onratechange>onratechange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onreset title=handler-onreset>onreset</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onresize title=handler-onresize>onresize</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onscroll title=handler-onscroll>onscroll</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onseeked title=handler-onseeked>onseeked</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onseeking title=handler-onseeking>onseeking</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onselect title=handler-onselect>onselect</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onshow title=handler-onshow>onshow</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onsort title=handler-onsort>onsort</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onstalled title=handler-onstalled>onstalled</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onsubmit title=handler-onsubmit>onsubmit</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onsuspend title=handler-onsuspend>onsuspend</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-ontimeupdate title=handler-ontimeupdate>ontimeupdate</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-ontoggle title=handler-ontoggle>ontoggle</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onvolumechange title=handler-onvolumechange>onvolumechange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-onwaiting title=handler-onwaiting>onwaiting</a>;
+};
+
+[NoInterfaceObject]
+interface <dfn id=windoweventhandlers>WindowEventHandlers</dfn> {
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-onafterprint title=handler-window-onafterprint>onafterprint</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-onbeforeprint title=handler-window-onbeforeprint>onbeforeprint</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#onbeforeunloadeventhandler>OnBeforeUnloadEventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-onbeforeunload title=handler-window-onbeforeunload>onbeforeunload</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-onhashchange title=handler-window-onhashchange>onhashchange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-onlanguagechange title=handler-window-onlanguagechange>onlanguagechange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-onmessage title=handler-window-onmessage>onmessage</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-onoffline title=handler-window-onoffline>onoffline</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-ononline title=handler-window-ononline>ononline</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-onpagehide title=handler-window-onpagehide>onpagehide</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-onpageshow title=handler-window-onpageshow>onpageshow</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-onpopstate title=handler-window-onpopstate>onpopstate</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-onstorage title=handler-window-onstorage>onstorage</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-window-onunload title=handler-window-onunload>onunload</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=event-firing><span class=secno>8.1.5.3 </span>Event firing</h5>
+
+ <p>Certain operations and methods are defined as firing events on elements. For example, the <code title=dom-click><a href=#dom-click>click()</a></code> method on the <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code> interface is defined as
+ firing a <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event on the element. <a href=#refsDOMEVENTS>[DOMEVENTS]</a></p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=fire-a-simple-event title="fire a simple event">Firing a simple event named <var title="">e</var></dfn>
+ means that a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <var title="">e</var>, which does not bubble (except where otherwise stated) and is not cancelable
+ (except where otherwise stated), and which uses the <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code> interface, must be created
+ and <a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>dispatched</a> at the given target.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=fire-a-synthetic-mouse-event title="fire a synthetic mouse event">Firing a synthetic mouse event named <var title="">e</var></dfn> means that an event with the name <var title="">e</var>, which is <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> (except where otherwise stated), does not bubble
+ (except where otherwise stated), is not cancelable (except where otherwise stated), and which uses
+ the <code><a href=#mouseevent>MouseEvent</a></code> interface, must be created and dispatched at the given target. The
+ event object must have its <code title="">screenX</code>, <code title="">screenY</code>, <code title="">clientX</code>, <code title="">clientY</code>, and <code title="">button</code>
+ attributes initialised to 0, its <code title="">ctrlKey</code>, <code title="">shiftKey</code>,
+ <code title="">altKey</code>, and <code title="">metaKey</code> attributes initialised according
+ to the current state of the key input device, if any (false for any keys that are not available),
+ its <code title="">detail</code> attribute initialised to 1, and its <code title=dom-MouseEvent-relatedTarget>relatedTarget</code> attribute initialised to null (except
+ where otherwise stated). The <code title="">getModifierState()</code> method on the object must
+ return values appropriately describing the state of the key input device at the time the event is
+ created.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=fire-a-click-event title="fire a click event">Firing a <code title=event-click>click</code> event</dfn>
+ means <a href=#fire-a-synthetic-mouse-event title="fire a synthetic mouse event">firing a synthetic mouse event named <code title=event-click>click</code></a>, which bubbles and is cancelable.</p>
+
+ <p>The default action of these events is to do nothing except where otherwise stated.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=events-and-the-window-object><span class=secno>8.1.5.4 </span>Events and the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object</h5>
+
+ <p>When an event is dispatched at a DOM node in a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>, if the event is not a <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event, the user agent
+ must act as if, for the purposes of <a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>event dispatching</a>,
+ the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object is the parent of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></p>
+
+ <!-- If Anne does this: http://krijnhoetmer.nl/irc-logs/whatwg/20121205#l-4 (see bug 18780)
+ <p>If a <code>Document</code> object is associated with a <code>Window</code> object, its
+ <span>event parent</span> is that <code>Window</code> object.</p>
+ -->
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h3 id=atob><span class=secno>8.2 </span>Base64 utility methods</h3>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-windowbase64-atob><a href=#dom-windowbase64-atob>atob()</a></code> and <code title=dom-windowbase64-btoa><a href=#dom-windowbase64-btoa>btoa()</a></code> methods allow authors to transform content to and from
+ the base64 encoding.</p>
+
+ <!-- v2: actual binary support -->
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject, Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=windowbase64>WindowBase64</dfn> {
+ DOMString <a href=#dom-windowbase64-btoa title=dom-windowbase64-btoa>btoa</a>(DOMString btoa);
+ DOMString <a href=#dom-windowbase64-atob title=dom-windowbase64-atob>atob</a>(DOMString atob);
+};
+<a href=#window>Window</a> implements <a href=#windowbase64>WindowBase64</a>;</pre>
+
+ <p class=note>In these APIs, for mnemonic purposes, the "b" can be considered to stand for
+ "binary", and the "a" for "ASCII". In practice, though, for primarily historical reasons, both the
+ input and output of these functions are Unicode strings.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">result</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-windowbase64-btoa><a href=#dom-windowbase64-btoa>btoa</a></code>( <var title="">data</var> )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Takes the input data, in the form of a Unicode string containing only characters in the range
+ U+0000 to U+00FF, each representing a binary byte with values 0x00 to 0xFF respectively, and
+ converts it to its base64 representation, which it returns.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidcharactererror>InvalidCharacterError</a></code> exception if the input string contains any
+ out-of-range characters.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">result</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-windowbase64-atob><a href=#dom-windowbase64-atob>atob</a></code>( <var title="">data</var> )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Takes the input data, in the form of a Unicode string containing base64-encoded binary data,
+ decodes it, and returns a string consisting of characters in the range U+0000 to U+00FF, each
+ representing a binary byte with values 0x00 to 0xFF respectively, corresponding to that binary
+ data.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidcharactererror>InvalidCharacterError</a></code> exception if the input string is not valid
+ base64 data.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#windowbase64>WindowBase64</a></code> interface adds to the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> interface
+ and the <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> interface (part of Web workers).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-windowbase64-btoa title=dom-windowbase64-btoa><code>btoa()</code></dfn> method must throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidcharactererror>InvalidCharacterError</a></code> exception if the method's first argument contains any character
+ whose code point is greater than U+00FF. Otherwise, the user agent must convert that argument to a
+ sequence of octets whose <var title="">n</var>th octet is the eight-bit representation of the code
+ point of the <var title="">n</var>th character of the argument, and then must apply the base64
+ algorithm to that sequence of octets, and return the result. <a href=#refsRFC4648>[RFC4648]</a><!--base64--></p> <!-- Aryeh says: This seems to be what all
+ browsers do as of January 2011 (except IE, which doesn't support these functions at all). -->
+
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-windowbase64-atob title=dom-windowbase64-atob><code>atob()</code></dfn> method must run the following
+ steps to parse the string passed in the method's first argument:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- Aryeh says: Copies Firefox behavior as of January 2011 (4.0b8). WebKit is somewhat laxer,
+ and Opera throws no exceptions at all. gsnedders reports Opera's behavior causes site-compat
+ problems, and I figure most sites depend on Firefox if on anything, so go with that. --><!-- Since updated to drop whitespace, based on the arguments here:
+ http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2011-May/031613.html
+ --><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the string being parsed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove all <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a> from <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the length of <var title="">input</var> divides by 4 leaving no remainder, then: if
+ <var title="">input</var> ends with one or two U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=) characters, remove them
+ from <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the length of <var title="">input</var> divides by 4 leaving a remainder of 1, throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidcharactererror>InvalidCharacterError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">input</var> contains a character that is not in the following list of
+ characters and character ranges, throw an <code><a href=#invalidcharactererror>InvalidCharacterError</a></code> exception and abort
+ these steps:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>U+002B PLUS SIGN (+)
+ <li>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)
+ <li><a href=#alphanumeric-ascii-characters>Alphanumeric ASCII characters</a>
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">output</var> be a string, initially empty.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">buffer</var> be a buffer that can have bits appended to it, initially
+ empty.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>While <var title="">position</var> does not point past the end of <var title="">input</var>,
+ run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Find the character pointed to by <var title="">position</var> in the first column of the
+ following table. Let <var title="">n</var> be the number given in the second cell of the same
+ row.</p>
+
+ <div id=base64-table>
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Character
+ <th>Number
+ <tbody><tr><td>A<td>0
+ <tr><td>B<td>1
+ <tr><td>C<td>2
+ <tr><td>D<td>3
+ <tr><td>E<td>4
+ <tr><td>F<td>5
+ <tr><td>G<td>6
+ <tr><td>H<td>7
+ <tr><td>I<td>8
+ <tr><td>J<td>9
+ <tr><td>K<td>10
+ <tr><td>L<td>11
+ <tr><td>M<td>12
+ <tr><td>N<td>13
+ <tr><td>O<td>14
+ <tr><td>P<td>15
+ <tr><td>Q<td>16
+ <tr><td>R<td>17
+ <tr><td>S<td>18
+ <tr><td>T<td>19
+ <tr><td>U<td>20
+ <tr><td>V<td>21
+ <tr><td>W<td>22
+ <tr><td>X<td>23
+ <tr><td>Y<td>24
+ <tr><td>Z<td>25
+ <tr><td>a<td>26
+ <tr><td>b<td>27
+ <tr><td>c<td>28
+ <tr><td>d<td>29
+ <tr><td>e<td>30
+ <tr><td>f<td>31
+ <tr><td>g<td>32
+ <tr><td>h<td>33
+ <tr><td>i<td>34
+ <tr><td>j<td>35
+ <tr><td>k<td>36
+ <tr><td>l<td>37
+ <tr><td>m<td>38
+ <tr><td>n<td>39
+ <tr><td>o<td>40
+ <tr><td>p<td>41
+ <tr><td>q<td>42
+ <tr><td>r<td>43
+ <tr><td>s<td>44
+ <tr><td>t<td>45
+ <tr><td>u<td>46
+ <tr><td>v<td>47
+ <tr><td>w<td>48
+ <tr><td>x<td>49
+ <tr><td>y<td>50
+ <tr><td>z<td>51
+ <tr><td>0<td>52
+ <tr><td>1<td>53
+ <tr><td>2<td>54
+ <tr><td>3<td>55
+ <tr><td>4<td>56
+ <tr><td>5<td>57
+ <tr><td>6<td>58
+ <tr><td>7<td>59
+ <tr><td>8<td>60
+ <tr><td>9<td>61
+ <tr><td>+<td>62
+ <tr><td>/<td>63
+ </table></div>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Append to <var title="">buffer</var> the six bits corresponding to <var title="">number</var>, most significant bit first.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">buffer</var> has accumulated 24 bits, interpret them as three 8-bit
+ big-endian numbers. Append the three characters with code points equal to those numbers to <var title="">output</var>, in the same order, and then empty <var title="">buffer</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> by one character.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">buffer</var> is not empty, it contains either 12 or 18 bits. If it contains
+ 12 bits, discard the last four and interpret the remaining eight as an 8-bit big-endian number.
+ If it contains 18 bits, discard the last two and interpret the remaining 16 as two 8-bit
+ big-endian numbers. Append the one or two characters with code points equal to those one or two
+ numbers to <var title="">output</var>, in the same order.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The discarded bits mean that, for instance, <code title="">atob("YQ")</code> and
+ <code title="">atob("YR")</code> both return "<code title="">a</code>".</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><!-- Note: this function is defined explicitly here because RFC4648 does not specify how to handle
+ erroneous input, and no preexisting browser implementation simply throws an exception on all
+ erroneous input. --></div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML Syntax and Parsing-->
+ <h3 id=dynamic-markup-insertion><span class=secno>8.3 </span><dfn>Dynamic markup insertion</dfn></h3>
+
+ <p class=note>APIs for dynamically inserting markup into the document interact with the parser,
+ and thus their behavior varies depending on whether they are used with <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>
+ (and the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>) or XHTML in <a href=#xml-documents>XML documents</a> (and the <a href=#xml-parser>XML
+ parser</a>).</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=opening-the-input-stream><span class=secno>8.3.1 </span>Opening the input stream</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-open title=dom-document-open><code>open()</code></dfn> method comes in several variants
+ with different numbers of arguments.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> = <var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>open</a></code>( [ <var title="">type</var> [, <var title="">replace</var> ] ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Causes the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> to be replaced in-place, as if it was a new
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, but reusing the previous object, which is then returned.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">type</var> argument is omitted or has the value
+ "<code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code>", then the resulting <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has an HTML parser associated
+ with it, which can be given data to parse using <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code>. Otherwise, all content passed to <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> will be parsed as plain text.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">replace</var> argument is present and has the value "<code title="">replace</code>", the existing entries in the session history for the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object are removed.</p>
+
+ <p>The method has no effect if the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is still being parsed.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is an <a href=#xml-documents title="XML documents">XML document</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> = <var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>open</a></code>( <var title="">url</var>, <var title="">name</var>, <var title="">features</var> [, <var title="">replace</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Works like the <code title=dom-open><a href=#dom-open>window.open()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p><code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects have an <dfn id=ignore-opens-during-unload-counter>ignore-opens-during-unload counter</dfn>, which is
+ used to prevent scripts from invoking the <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code>
+ method (directly or indirectly) while the document is <a href=#unload-a-document title="unload a document">being
+ unloaded</a>. Initially, the counter must be set to zero.</p> <!--
+ http://www.hixie.ch/tests/adhoc/dom/level0/document/open/unload/ -->
+
+ <p>When called with two arguments, the <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code>
+ method must act as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object is not flagged as an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML
+ document</a>, throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object is not an <a href=#active-document>active document</a>, then abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">type</var> be the value of the first argument.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the second argument is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the value
+ "replace", then let <var title="">replace</var> be true.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#session-history>session history</a> contains only
+ one <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and that was the <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ created when the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> was created, and that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has
+ never had the <a href=#unload-a-document>unload a document</a> algorithm invoked on it (e.g. by a previous call to
+ <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code>), then let <var title="">replace</var> be
+ true.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">replace</var> be false.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has an <a href=#active-parser>active parser</a> whose <a href=#script-nesting-level>script nesting
+ level</a> is greater than zero, then the method does nothing. Abort these steps and return
+ the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object on which the method was invoked.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This basically causes <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code> to
+ be ignored when it's called in an inline script found during parsing, while still letting it
+ have an effect when called asynchronously.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Similarly, if the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#ignore-opens-during-unload-counter>ignore-opens-during-unload counter</a> is
+ greater than zero, then the method does nothing. Abort these steps and return the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object on which the method was invoked.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This basically causes <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code> to
+ be ignored when it's called from a <code title=event-beforeunload><a href=#event-beforeunload>beforeunload</a></code> <code title=event-pagehide><a href=#event-pagehide>pagehide</a></code>, or <code title=event-unload><a href=#event-unload>unload</a></code> event
+ handler while the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is being unloaded.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Release the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state to false.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#prompt-to-unload-a-document title="prompt to unload a document">Prompt to unload</a> the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object. If the user <a href=#refused-to-allow-the-document-to-be-unloaded>refused to allow the document to be
+ unloaded</a>, then abort these steps and return the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object on which the
+ method was invoked.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#unload-a-document title="unload a document">Unload</a> the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, with the
+ <var title="">recycle</var> parameter set to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#abort-a-document title="abort a document">Abort</a> the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Unregister all event listeners registered on the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node and its
+ descendants.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Remove any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> associated with the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in any <a href=#task-source>task source</a>.</li> <!-- removes callbacks that fired
+ between this algorithm starting and the times and databases being aborted in the "unload" step
+ above -->
+
+ <li><p>Remove all child nodes of the document, without firing any mutation events.</li> <!--
+ as of 2009-03-30, only WebKit fired mutation events here. -->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Replace the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s singleton objects with new instances of those objects.
+ (This includes in particular the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>, <code><a href=#location>Location</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code>, <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code>, and <code><a href=#navigator>Navigator</a></code>, objects, the
+ various <code><a href=#barprop>BarProp</a></code> objects, the two <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> objects, the various
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> objects, and objects defined by other specifications, like
+ <code>Selection</code> and the document's <code>UndoManager</code>. It also includes all the Web
+ IDL prototypes in the JavaScript binding, including the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's
+ prototype.)</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The new <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object has a new <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings
+ object</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E...%3Ciframe%20src%3D%22document%22%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E%0A%3Cscript%3Eonload%20%3D%20function%20()%20%7B%20f%20%3D%20document.getElementsByTagName('iframe')%5B0%5D%3B%20d%20%3D%20f.contentWindow.document%3B%20%7D%3C%2Fscript%3E%0A%3Cinput%20type%3Dbutton%20onclick%3D%22w(d.documentElement.innerHTML)%22%20value%3D%22dump%22%3E%0A%3Cinput%20type%3Dbutton%20onclick%3D%22d.open()%3B%20d.write('%3Cscript%3Evar%20x%20%3D%20new%20XMLHttpRequest()%3Bx.open(%26quot%3BGET%26quot%3B%2C%20%26quot%3BGET%26quot%3B)%3Bx.onreadystatechange%3Dfunction()%20%7B%20alert(x.readyState)%3B%20%7D%3Bx.send(null)%3B%3C%2Fscript%3E')%3Bd.close()%3B%20setTimeout(function()%20%7B%20d.open()%3B%20d.write('%3Cp%3Etest%3C%2Fp%3E')%3B%20d.close()%20%7D%2C%200)%3B%22%20value%3D%22xhr%22%3E%0A%3Cinput%20type%3Dbutton%20onclick%3D%22d.onclick%20%3D%20function()%20%7B%20w('click')%20%7D%22%20value%3D%22add%20click%20handler%22%3E%0A%3Cinput%20type%3Dbutton%20onclick%3D%22d.open()%3B%20d.write('%3Cp%3Etest%3C%2Fp%3E')%3B%20d.close()%22%20value%3D%22replace%22%3E%0A%3Cinput%20type%3Dbutton%20onclick%3D%22d.open()%3B%20d.write('%3Cp%3E%3Cscript%3Ei%20%3D%200%3B%20setTimeout(%26quot%3Bparent.w(i%2B%2B)%26quot%3B%2C%202000)%3C%2Fscript%3E%3C%2Fp%3E')%3B%20d.close()%22%20value%3D%22replace%20with%20timer%22%3E -->
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E%0D%0A...%3Ciframe%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E%0D%0A%3Cscript%3E%0D%0Aonload%20%3D%20function%20()%20%7B%0D%0A%20frames%5B0%5D.test%20%3D%201%0D%0A%20w(frames%5B0%5D.test)%3B%0D%0A%20var%20a%20%3D%20frames%5B0%5D.document.location.assign%3B%0D%0A%20w(a)%3B%0D%0A%20w(frames%5B0%5D.document.location.assign%20%3D%3D%3D%20a)%3B%0D%0A%20frames%5B0%5D.document.open()%3B%0D%0A%20frames%5B0%5D.document.write('%3Cscript%3Edocument.write(test)%3C%5C%2Fscript%3E')%3B%0D%0A%20frames%5B0%5D.document.close()%3B%0D%0A%20w(frames%5B0%5D.test)%3B%0D%0A%20w(frames%5B0%5D.document.location.assign%20%3D%3D%3D%20a)%3B%0D%0A%7D%0D%0A%3C%2Fscript%3E -->
+
+ <li><p>Change the <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a> to UTF-8.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is <a href=#ready-for-post-load-tasks>ready for post-load tasks</a>, then set the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's <a href=#reload-override-flag>reload override flag</a> and set the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#reload-override-buffer>reload override buffer</a> to the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <i title=concept-document-salvageable><a href=#concept-document-salvageable>salvageable</a></i> state back to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Change <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> to the <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's
+ address">address</a> of the <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry
+ settings object</a>.</li>
+
+ <!-- <span>the document's referrer</span> stays the same -->
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#iframe-load-in-progress>iframe load in progress</a> flag is set, set the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#mute-iframe-load>mute iframe load</a> flag.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> and associate it with the document. This is a
+ <dfn id=script-created-parser>script-created parser</dfn> (meaning that it can be closed by the <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code> and <code title=dom-document-close><a href=#dom-document-close>document.close()</a></code> methods, and that the tokenizer will wait for
+ an explicit call to <code title=dom-document-close><a href=#dom-document-close>document.close()</a></code> before emitting an
+ end-of-file token). The encoding <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> is
+ <i>irrelevant</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#current-document-readiness>current document readiness</a> of the document to "<code title="">loading</code>".</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- text/plain handling -->
+
+ <p>If <var title="">type</var> is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string
+ "<code>replace</code>", then, for historical reasons, set it to the string "<code title="">text/html</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">type</var> string contains a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;), remove the
+ first such character and all characters from it up to the end of the string.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#strip-leading-and-trailing-whitespace>Strip leading and trailing whitespace</a> from <var title="">type</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">type</var> is <em>not</em> now an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match
+ for the string "<code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code>", then act as if the tokenizer had emitted a start tag
+ token with the tag name "pre" followed by a single U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character<!-- to get
+ eaten, so that a leading LF in the written text doesn't get eaten itself-->, then switch the
+ <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>'s tokenizer to the <a href=#plaintext-state>PLAINTEXT state</a>.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E...%3Ciframe%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E%3Cscript%3Eonload%20%3D%20function%20()%20%7B%20%0D%0A%20%20var%20d%20%3D%20document.getElementsByTagName('iframe')%5B0%5D.contentDocument%3B%0D%0A%20%20d.open('image%2Fsvg%2Bxml')%3B%0D%0A%20%20d.write(%22%3Cinput%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1999%2Fxhtml'%20value%3D'(x)html'%2F%3E%22)%3B%0D%0A%20%20d.close()%3B%0D%0A%7D%3B%3C%2Fscript%3E
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E...%3Ciframe%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E%3Cscript%3Eonload%20%3D%20function%20()%20%7B%20%0D%0A%20%20var%20d%20%3D%20document.getElementsByTagName('iframe')%5B0%5D.contentDocument%3B%0D%0A%20%20d.open('image%2Fgif')%3B%0D%0A%20%20var%20a%20%3D%20%5B%200x47%2C%200x49%2C%200x46%2C%200x38%2C%200x39%2C%200x61%2C%200x01%2C%200x00%2C%200x01%2C%200x00%2C%0D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%200x80%2C%200xff%2C%200x00%2C%200xc0%2C%200xc0%2C%200xc0%2C%200x00%2C%200x00%2C%200x00%2C%200x21%2C%0D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%200xf9%2C%200x04%2C%200x01%2C%200x00%2C%200x00%2C%200x00%2C%200x00%2C%200x2c%2C%200x00%2C%200x00%2C%0D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%200x00%2C%200x00%2C%200x01%2C%200x00%2C%200x01%2C%200x00%2C%200x00%2C%200x02%2C%200x02%2C%200x44%2C%0D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%200x01%2C%200x00%2C%200x3b%20%5D%3B%0D%0A%20%20var%20s%20%3D%20%22%22%3B%0D%0A%20%20for%20(var%20i%20%3D%200%3B%20i%20%3C%20a.length%3B%20i%20%2B%3D%201)%0D%0A%20%20%20%20s%20%2B%3D%20String.fromCharCode(a%5Bi%5D)%3B%0D%0A%20%20d.write(s)%3B%0D%0A%20%20d.close()%3B%0D%0A%7D%3B%3C%2Fscript%3E
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E...%3Ciframe%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E%3Cscript%3Eonload%20%3D%20function%20()%20{%20%0A%20%20var%20d%20%3D%20document.getElementsByTagName(%27iframe%27)[0].contentDocument%3B%0A%20%20d.open(%27Text%2Fplain%27)%3B%0A%20%20d.write(%27%3Cb%3Etest%27)%3B%0A%20%20d.close()%3B%0A}%3B%3C%2Fscript%3E
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E...%3Ciframe%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E%3Cscript%3Eonload%20%3D%20function%20()%20{%20%0A%20%20var%20d%20%3D%20document.getElementsByTagName(%27iframe%27)[0].contentDocument%3B%0A%20%20d.open(%27%20text%2Fplain%27)%3B%0A%20%20d.write(%27%3Cb%3Etest%27)%3B%0A%20%20d.close()%3B%0A}%3B%3C%2Fscript%3E
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?%3C!DOCTYPE%20html%3E...%3Ciframe%3E%3C%2Fiframe%3E%3Cscript%3Eonload%20%3D%20function%20()%20{%20%0A%20%20var%20d%20%3D%20document.getElementsByTagName(%27iframe%27)[0].contentDocument%3B%0A%20%20d.open(%27text%2Fplain%3B%27)%3B%0A%20%20d.write(%27%3Cb%3Etest%27)%3B%0A%20%20d.close()%3B%0A}%3B%3C%2Fscript%3E
+ -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Remove all the entries in the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#session-history>session history</a>
+ after the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>. If the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a> is the last entry in the
+ session history, then no entries are removed.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This <a href=#history-notes>doesn't necessarily have to affect</a> the user
+ agent's user interface.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> queued by the <a href=#history-traversal-task-source>history traversal
+ task source</a> that are associated with any <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects in the
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>'s <a href=#document-family>document family</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Remove any earlier entries that share the same <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">replace</var> is false, then add a new entry, just before the last entry,
+ and associate with the new entry the text that was parsed by the previous parser associated with
+ the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, as well as the state of the document at the start of these
+ steps. This allows the user to step backwards in the session history to see the page before it
+ was blown away by the <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code> call. This new entry
+ does not have a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, so a new one will be created if the session history
+ is traversed to that entry.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Finally, set the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> to point at just before the end of the
+ <a href=#input-stream>input stream</a> (which at this point will be empty).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> on which the method was invoked.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>The <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code> method does not affect
+ whether a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is <a href=#ready-for-post-load-tasks>ready for post-load tasks</a> or <a href=#completely-loaded>completely
+ loaded</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When called with four arguments, the <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>open()</a></code> method on
+ the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object must call the <code title=dom-open><a href=#dom-open>open()</a></code> method on the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, with the same arguments as the
+ original call to the <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>open()</a></code> method, and return whatever
+ that method returned. If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object has no <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, then
+ the method must throw an <code><a href=#invalidaccesserror>InvalidAccessError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=closing-the-input-stream><span class=secno>8.3.2 </span>Closing the input stream</h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-close><a href=#dom-document-close>close</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Closes the input stream that was opened by the <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is an <a href=#xml-documents title="XML documents">XML
+ document</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-close title=dom-document-close><code>close()</code></dfn> method must run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object is not flagged as an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML
+ document</a>, throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is no <a href=#script-created-parser>script-created parser</a> associated with the document, then abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Insert an <a href=#explicit-eof-character>explicit "EOF" character</a> at the end of the parser's <a href=#input-stream>input
+ stream</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking script</a>, then abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the tokenizer, processing resulting tokens as they are emitted, and stopping when the
+ tokenizer reaches the <a href=#explicit-eof-character>explicit "EOF" character</a> or <a href=#spin-the-event-loop title="spin the event
+ loop">spins the event loop</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=document.write()><span class=secno>8.3.3 </span><code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code></h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>write</a></code>(<var title="">text</var>...)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>In general, adds the given string(s) to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s input stream.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>This method has very idiosyncratic behavior. In some cases, this method can
+ affect the state of the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> while the parser is running, resulting in a DOM
+ that does not correspond to the source of the document (e.g. if the string written is the string
+ "<code title="">&lt;plaintext&gt;</code>" or "<code title="">&lt;!--</code>"). In other cases,
+ the call can clear the current page first, as if <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code> had been called. In yet more cases, the method
+ is simply ignored, or throws an exception. To make matters worse, the exact behavior of this
+ method can in some cases be dependent on network latency<!--
+
+ Namely, in the following case:
+
+ <script>
+ document.write('<link rel=stylesheet href=foo.css><script></script>x');
+ // at this point, whether the DOM contains an "x" or not depends on how quickly the foo.css file could be processed
+ </script>
+
+ -->, which can lead to failures that are very hard to debug. <strong>For all these reasons, use
+ of this method is strongly discouraged.</strong></p>
+
+ <p>This method throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception when invoked on <a href=#xml-documents>XML
+ documents</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p><code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects have an <dfn id=ignore-destructive-writes-counter>ignore-destructive-writes counter</dfn>, which is
+ used in conjunction with the processing of <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements to prevent external
+ scripts from being able to use <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> to blow
+ away the document by implicitly calling <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code>.
+ Initially, the counter must be set to zero.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-write title=dom-document-write><code>document.write(...)</code></dfn> method must act as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the method was invoked on an <a href=#xml-documents title="XML documents">XML document</a>, throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ Where would document.write() insert?
+ Consider: data:text/xml,<script xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><![CDATA[ document.write('<foo>Test</foo>'); ]]></script>
+ -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object is not an <a href=#active-document>active document</a>, then abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> is undefined and either the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s
+ <a href=#ignore-opens-during-unload-counter>ignore-opens-during-unload counter</a> is greater than zero or the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#ignore-destructive-writes-counter>ignore-destructive-writes counter</a> is greater than zero,
+ abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> is undefined, call the <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>open()</a></code> method on the <code title=Document><a href=#document>document</a></code>
+ object (with no arguments). If the user <a href=#refused-to-allow-the-document-to-be-unloaded>refused to allow the document to be
+ unloaded</a>, then abort these steps. Otherwise, the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> will point
+ at just before the end of the (empty) <a href=#input-stream>input stream</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Insert the string consisting of the concatenation of all the arguments to the method into the
+ <a href=#input-stream>input stream</a> just before the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's <a href=#reload-override-flag>reload override flag</a> is set, then append
+ the string consisting of the concatenation of all the arguments to the method to the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#reload-override-buffer>reload override buffer</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is no <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking script</a>, have the <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a> process the characters that were inserted, one at a time, processing resulting
+ tokens as they are emitted, and stopping when the tokenizer reaches the insertion point or when
+ the processing of the tokenizer is aborted by the tree construction stage (this can happen if a
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> end tag token is emitted by the tokenizer).
+
+ <p class=note>If the <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> method was
+ called from script executing inline (i.e. executing because the parser parsed a set of
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> tags), then this is a <a href=#nestedParsing>reentrant invocation of the
+ parser</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Finally, return from the method.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=document.writeln()><span class=secno>8.3.4 </span><code title=dom-document-writeln><a href=#dom-document-writeln>document.writeln()</a></code></h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">document</var> . <code title=dom-document-writeln><a href=#dom-document-writeln>writeln</a></code>(<var title="">text</var>...)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds the given string(s) to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s input stream, followed by a newline
+ character. If necessary, calls the <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>open()</a></code> method
+ implicitly first.</p>
+
+ <p>This method throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception when invoked on <a href=#xml-documents>XML
+ documents</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-writeln title=dom-document-writeln><code>document.writeln(...)</code></dfn> method, when
+ invoked, must act as if the <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> method had
+ been invoked with the same argument(s), plus an extra argument consisting of a string containing a
+ single line feed character (U+000A).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=timers><span class=secno>8.4 </span>Timers</h3>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-windowtimers-setTimeout><a href=#dom-windowtimers-settimeout>setTimeout()</a></code>
+ and <code title=dom-windowtimers-setInterval><a href=#dom-windowtimers-setinterval>setInterval()</a></code>
+ methods allow authors to schedule timer-based callbacks.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject, Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=windowtimers>WindowTimers</dfn> {
+ long <a href=#dom-windowtimers-settimeout title=dom-windowtimers-setTimeout>setTimeout</a>(<span>Function</span> handler, optional long timeout = 0, any... arguments);
+ long <a href=#dom-windowtimers-settimeout title=dom-windowtimers-setTimeout>setTimeout</a>(DOMString handler, optional long timeout = 0, any... arguments);
+ void <a href=#dom-windowtimers-cleartimeout title=dom-windowtimers-clearTimeout>clearTimeout</a>(optional long handle = 0);
+ long <a href=#dom-windowtimers-setinterval title=dom-windowtimers-setInterval>setInterval</a>(<span>Function</span> handler, optional long timeout = 0, any... arguments);
+ long <a href=#dom-windowtimers-setinterval title=dom-windowtimers-setInterval>setInterval</a>(DOMString handler, optional long timeout = 0, any... arguments);
+ void <a href=#dom-windowtimers-clearinterval title=dom-windowtimers-clearInterval>clearInterval</a>(optional long handle = 0);
+};
+<a href=#window>Window</a> implements <a href=#windowtimers>WindowTimers</a>;</pre>
+
+ <!-- Demonstrating the need for wrapping of the timeout argument value treated as long rather than clamping or treating as double:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1228
+ Demonstrating the need for the timeout argument to be signed rather than unsigned:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1229
+ -->
+
+ <dl class=domintro><!-- in practice clearInterval() and clearTimeout() are synonyms, but we don't mention this here --><dt><var title="">handle</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-windowtimers-setTimeout><a href=#dom-windowtimers-settimeout>setTimeout</a></code>( <var title="">handler</var> [, <var title="">timeout</var> [, <var title="">arguments</var>... ] ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Schedules a timeout to run <var title="">handler</var> after <var title="">timeout</var>
+ milliseconds. Any <var title="">arguments</var> are passed straight through to the <var title="">handler</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">handle</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-windowtimers-setTimeout><a href=#dom-windowtimers-settimeout>setTimeout</a></code>( <var title="">code</var> [, <var title="">timeout</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Schedules a timeout to compile and run <var title="">code</var> after <var title="">timeout</var> milliseconds.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-windowtimers-clearTimeout><a href=#dom-windowtimers-cleartimeout>clearTimeout</a></code>( <var title="">handle</var> )</dt>
+ <!-- don't mention that the handle is optional, since if omitted, the method does nothing -->
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Cancels the timeout set with <code title=dom-windowtimers-setTimeout><a href=#dom-windowtimers-settimeout>setTimeout()</a></code>
+ identified by <var title="">handle</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">handle</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-windowtimers-setInterval><a href=#dom-windowtimers-setinterval>setInterval</a></code>( <var title="">handler</var> [, <var title="">timeout</var> [, <var title="">arguments</var>... ] ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Schedules a timeout to run <var title="">handler</var> every <var title="">timeout</var>
+ milliseconds. Any <var title="">arguments</var> are passed straight through to the <var title="">handler</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">handle</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-windowtimers-setInterval><a href=#dom-windowtimers-setinterval>setInterval</a></code>( <var title="">code</var> [, <var title="">timeout</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Schedules a timeout to compile and run <var title="">code</var> every <var title="">timeout</var> milliseconds.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-windowtimers-clearInterval><a href=#dom-windowtimers-clearinterval>clearInterval</a></code>( <var title="">handle</var> )</dt>
+ <!-- don't mention that the handle is optional, since if omitted, the method does nothing -->
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Cancels the timeout set with <code title=dom-windowtimers-setInterval><a href=#dom-windowtimers-setinterval>setInterval()</a></code> identified by <var title="">handle</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>Timers can be nested; after five such nested timers, however, the interval is
+ forced to be at least four milliseconds.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This API does not guarantee that timers will run exactly on schedule. Delays due
+ to CPU load, other tasks, etc, are to be expected.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#windowtimers>WindowTimers</a></code> interface adds to the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> interface
+ and the <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> interface (part of Web workers).</p>
+
+ <p>Each object that implements the <code><a href=#windowtimers>WindowTimers</a></code> interface has a <dfn id=list-of-active-timers>list of active
+ timers</dfn>. Each entry in this lists is identified by a number, which must be unique within the
+ list for the lifetime of the object that implements the <code><a href=#windowtimers>WindowTimers</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-windowtimers-settimeout title=dom-windowtimers-setTimeout><code>setTimeout()</code></dfn> method must return
+ the value returned by the <a href=#timer-initialization-steps>timer initialization steps</a>, passing them the method's
+ arguments, the object on which the method for which the algorithm is running is implemented (a
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> or <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object) as the <var title="">method
+ context</var>, and the <var title="">repeat</var> flag set to false.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-windowtimers-setinterval title=dom-windowtimers-setInterval><code>setInterval()</code></dfn> method must
+ return the value returned by the <a href=#timer-initialization-steps>timer initialization steps</a>, passing them the
+ method's arguments, the object on which the method for which the algorithm is running is
+ implemented (a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> or <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object) as the <var title="">method context</var>, and the <var title="">repeat</var> flag set to true.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-windowtimers-cleartimeout title=dom-windowtimers-clearTimeout><code>clearTimeout()</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-windowtimers-clearinterval title=dom-windowtimers-clearInterval><code>clearInterval()</code></dfn> methods must clear the
+ entry identified as <var title="">handle</var> from the <a href=#list-of-active-timers>list of active timers</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#windowtimers>WindowTimers</a></code> object on which the method was invoked, if any, where <var title="">handle</var> is the argument passed to the method. (If <var title="">handle</var> does
+ not identify an entry in the <a href=#list-of-active-timers>list of active timers</a> of the <code><a href=#windowtimers>WindowTimers</a></code>
+ object on which the method was invoked, the method does nothing.)</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=timer-initialization-steps>timer initialization steps</dfn>, which are invoked with some method arguments, a <var title="">method context</var>, a <var title="">repeat</var> flag which can be true or false, and
+ optionally (and only if the <var title="">repeat</var> flag is true) a <var title="">previous
+ handle</var>, are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">method context proxy</var> be <var title="">method context</var> if that
+ is a <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object, or else the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> that corresponds
+ to <var title="">method context</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">previous handle</var> was provided, let <var title="">handle</var> be
+ <var title="">previous handle</var>; otherwise, let <var title="">handle</var> be a
+ user-agent-defined integer that is greater than zero that will identify the timeout to be set by
+ this call in the <a href=#list-of-active-timers>list of active timers</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">previous handle</var> was not provided, add an entry to the <a href=#list-of-active-timers>list of
+ active timers</a> for <var title="">handle</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">task</var> be a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that runs the
+ following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the entry for <var title="">handle</var> in the <a href=#list-of-active-timers>list of active timers</a>
+ has been cleared, then abort this <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>'s substeps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the appropriate set of steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the first method argument is a <code>Function</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Call the <code>Function</code>. Use the third and subsequent method arguments (if any) as
+ the arguments for invoking the <code>Function</code>. Use <var title="">method context
+ proxy</var> as the <var title="">thisArg</var> for invoking the <code>Function</code>. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">script source</var> be the first method argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">script language</var> be JavaScript.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">settings object</var> be <var title="">method context</var>'s
+ <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-a-script>Create a script</a> using <var title="">script source</var> as the script
+ source, the <a href=#url>URL</a> where <var title="">script source</var> can be found, <var title="">scripting language</var> as the scripting language, and <var title="">settings
+ object</var> as the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">repeat</var> flag is true, then call <a href=#timer-initialization-steps>timer initialization
+ steps</a> again, passing them the same method arguments, the same <var title="">method
+ context</var>, with the <var title="">repeat</var> flag still set to true, and with the <var title="">previous handle</var> set to <var title="">handler</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">timeout</var> be the second method argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the currently running <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> is a task that was created
+ by this algorithm, then let <var title="">nesting level</var> be the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>'s <a href=#timer-nesting-level>timer nesting level</a>. Otherwise, let <var title="">nesting level</var> be zero.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">nesting level</var> is greater than 5, and <var title="">timeout</var> is
+ less than 4, then increase <var title="">timeout</var> to 4.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">nesting level</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">task</var>'s <dfn id=timer-nesting-level>timer nesting level</dfn> be <var title="">nesting
+ level</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">handle</var>, and then continue running this algorithm
+ asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">method context</var> is a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, wait until the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> associated with <var title="">method context</var> has been <a href=#fully-active>fully
+ active</a> for a further <var title="">timeout</var> milliseconds (not necessarily
+ consecutively).</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <var title="">method context</var> is a <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object;
+ wait until <var title="">timeout</var> milliseconds have passed with the worker not suspended
+ (not necessarily consecutively).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Wait until any invocations of this algorithm that had the same <var title="">method
+ context</var>, that started before this one, and whose <var title="">timeout</var> is equal to
+ or less than this one's, have completed.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Argument conversion as defined by Web IDL (for example, invoking <code title="">toString()</code> methods on objects passed as the first argument) happens in the
+ algorithms defined in Web IDL, before this algorithm is invoked.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>So for example, the following rather silly code will result in the log containing "<code title="">ONE&nbsp;TWO&nbsp;</code>":</p>
+
+ <pre>var log = '';
+function logger(s) { log += s + ' '; }
+
+setTimeout({ toString: function () {
+ setTimeout("logger('ONE')", 100);
+ return "logger('TWO')";
+} }, 100);</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Optionally, wait a further user-agent defined length of time.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is intended to allow user agents to pad timeouts as needed to optimise the
+ power usage of the device. For example, some processors have a low-power mode where the
+ granularity of timers is reduced; on such platforms, user agents can slow timers down to fit
+ this schedule instead of requiring the processor to use the more accurate mode with its
+ associated higher power usage.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">Queue</a> the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> <var title="">task</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Once the task has been processed, if the <var title="">repeat</var> flag is
+ false, it is safe to remove the entry for <var title="">handle</var> from the <a href=#list-of-active-timers>list of
+ active timers</a> (there is no way for the entry's existence to be detected past this point,
+ so it does not technically matter one way or the other).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for these <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> is the
+ <dfn id=timer-task-source>timer task source</dfn>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>To run tasks of several milliseconds back to back without any delay, while still yielding back
+ to the browser to avoid starving the user interface (and to avoid the browser killing the script
+ for hogging the CPU), simply queue the next timer before performing work:</p>
+
+ <pre>function doExpensiveWork() {
+ var done = false;
+ // ...
+ // this part of the function takes up to five milliseconds
+ // set done to true if we're done
+ // ...
+ return done;
+}
+
+function rescheduleWork() {
+ var handle = setTimeout(rescheduleWork, 0); // preschedule next iteration
+ if (doExpensiveWork())
+ clearTimeout(handle); // clear the timeout if we don't need it
+}
+
+function scheduleWork() {
+ setTimeout(rescheduleWork, 0);
+}
+
+scheduleWork(); // queues a task to do lots of work</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h3 id=user-prompts><span class=secno>8.5 </span>User prompts</h3>
+
+ <!--
+ v2 ideas:
+ * in-window modal dialogs
+ - escape/enter handling
+ - dragging the window out of the tab
+ * in-window non-modal palettes
+ - with a solution for the mobile space
+ -->
+
+ <h4 id=simple-dialogs><span class=secno>8.5.1 </span>Simple dialogs</h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-alert><a href=#dom-alert>alert</a></code>(<var title="">message</var>)</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Displays a modal alert with the given message, and waits for the user to dismiss it.</p>
+
+ <p>A call to the <code title=dom-navigator-yieldForStorageUpdates><a href=#dom-navigator-yieldforstorageupdates>navigator.yieldForStorageUpdates()</a></code> method is
+ implied when this method is invoked.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">result</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-confirm><a href=#dom-confirm>confirm</a></code>(<var title="">message</var>)</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Displays a modal OK/Cancel prompt with the given message, waits for the user to dismiss it,
+ and returns true if the user clicks OK and false if the user clicks Cancel.</p>
+
+ <p>A call to the <code title=dom-navigator-yieldForStorageUpdates><a href=#dom-navigator-yieldforstorageupdates>navigator.yieldForStorageUpdates()</a></code> method is
+ implied when this method is invoked.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">result</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-prompt><a href=#dom-prompt>prompt</a></code>(<var title="">message</var> [, <var title="">default</var>] )</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Displays a modal text field prompt with the given message, waits for the user to dismiss it,
+ and returns the value that the user entered. If the user cancels the prompt, then returns null
+ instead. If the second argument is present, then the given value is used as a default.</p>
+
+ <p>A call to the <code title=dom-navigator-yieldForStorageUpdates><a href=#dom-navigator-yieldforstorageupdates>navigator.yieldForStorageUpdates()</a></code> method is
+ implied when this method is invoked.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>Logic that depends on <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> or <a href=#microtask title=microtask>microtasks</a>, such as <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a>
+ loading their <a href=#media-data>media data</a>, are stalled when these methods are invoked.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-alert title=dom-alert><code>alert(<var title="">message</var>)</code></dfn> method, when
+ invoked, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#termination-nesting-level>termination nesting level</a> is non-zero,
+ optionally abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Release the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Optionally, abort these steps. (For example, the user agent might give the user the option
+ to ignore all alerts, and would thus abort at this step whenever the method was
+ invoked.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the method was invoked with no arguments, then let <var title="">message</var> be the
+ empty string; otherwise, let <var title="">message</var> be the method's first
+ argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Show the given <var title="">message</var> to the user.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Optionally, <a href=#pause>pause</a> while waiting for the user to acknowledge the
+ message.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-confirm title=dom-confirm><code>confirm(<var title="">message</var>)</code></dfn> method,
+ when invoked, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#termination-nesting-level>termination nesting level</a> is non-zero,
+ optionally abort these steps, returning false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Release the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Optionally, return false and abort these steps. (For example, the user agent might give
+ the user the option to ignore all prompts, and would thus abort at this step whenever the method
+ was invoked.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Show the given <var title="">message</var> to the user, and ask the user to respond with a
+ positive or negative response.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#pause>Pause</a> until the user responds either positively or negatively.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the user responded positively, return true; otherwise, the user responded negatively:
+ return false.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-prompt title=dom-prompt><code>prompt(<var title="">message</var>, <var title="">default</var>)</code></dfn> method, when invoked, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#termination-nesting-level>termination nesting level</a> is non-zero,
+ optionally abort these steps, returning null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Release the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Optionally, return null and abort these steps. (For example, the user agent might give the
+ user the option to ignore all prompts, and would thus abort at this step whenever the method was
+ invoked.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Show the given <var title="">message</var> to the user, and ask the user to either respond
+ with a string value or abort. The response must be defaulted to the value given by
+ <var title="">default</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#pause>Pause</a> while waiting for the user's response.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the user aborts, then return null; otherwise, return the string that the user responded
+ with.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=printing><span class=secno>8.5.2 </span>Printing</h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-print><a href=#dom-print>print</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Prompts the user to print the page.</p>
+
+ <p>A call to the <code title=dom-navigator-yieldForStorageUpdates><a href=#dom-navigator-yieldforstorageupdates>navigator.yieldForStorageUpdates()</a></code> method is
+ implied when this method is invoked.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-print title=dom-print><code>print()</code></dfn> method is invoked, if the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is <a href=#ready-for-post-load-tasks>ready for post-load tasks</a>, then the user agent must
+ synchronously run the <a href=#printing-steps>printing steps</a>. Otherwise, the user agent must only set the
+ <dfn id=print-when-loaded>print when loaded</dfn> flag on the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <p>User agents should also run the <a href=#printing-steps>printing steps</a> whenever the user asks for the
+ opportunity to <a href=#obtain-a-physical-form>obtain a physical form</a> (e.g. printed copy), or the representation of a
+ physical form (e.g. PDF copy), of a document.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=printing-steps>printing steps</dfn> are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>The user agent may display a message to the user or abort these steps (or both).</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For instance, a kiosk browser could silently ignore any invocations of the
+ <code title=dom-print><a href=#dom-print>print()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For instance, a browser on a mobile device could detect that there are no
+ printers in the vicinity and display a message saying so before continuing to offer a "save to
+ PDF" option.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The user agent must <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-beforeprint><a href=#event-beforeprint>beforeprint</a></code> at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that is being printed, as well as any <a href=#nested-browsing-context title="nested browsing
+ context">nested browsing contexts</a> in it.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>The <code title=event-beforeprint><a href=#event-beforeprint>beforeprint</a></code> event can be used to
+ annotate the printed copy, for instance adding the time at which the document was printed.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The user agent must release the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The user agent should offer the user the opportunity to <a href=#obtain-a-physical-form>obtain a physical form</a>
+ (or the representation of a physical form) of the document. The user agent may wait for the user
+ to either accept or decline before returning; if so, the user agent must <a href=#pause>pause</a>
+ while the method is waiting. Even if the user agent doesn't wait at this point, the user agent
+ must use the state of the relevant documents as they are at this point in the algorithm if and
+ when it eventually creates the alternate form.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The user agent must <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-afterprint><a href=#event-afterprint>afterprint</a></code> at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that is being printed, as well as any <a href=#nested-browsing-context title="nested browsing
+ context">nested browsing contexts</a> in it.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>The <code title=event-afterprint><a href=#event-afterprint>afterprint</a></code> event can be used to
+ revert annotations added in the earlier event, as well as showing post-printing UI. For
+ instance, if a page is walking the user through the steps of applying for a home loan, the
+ script could automatically advance to the next step after having printed a form or other.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+ <h4 id=dialogs-implemented-using-separate-documents><span class=secno>8.5.3 </span>Dialogs implemented using separate documents</h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">result</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-showModalDialog><a href=#dom-showmodaldialog>showModalDialog</a></code>(<var title="">url</var> [, <var title="">argument</var>] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Prompts the user with the given page, waits for that page to close, and returns the return
+ value.</p>
+
+ <p>A call to the <code title=dom-navigator-yieldForStorageUpdates><a href=#dom-navigator-yieldforstorageupdates>navigator.yieldForStorageUpdates()</a></code> method
+ is implied when this method is invoked.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-showmodaldialog title=dom-showModalDialog><code>showModalDialog(<var title="">url</var>, <var title="">argument</var><!--, <var title="">features</var>-->)</code></dfn> method, when invoked,
+ must cause the user agent to run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> <var title="">url</var> relative to the
+ <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If this fails, then throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#termination-nesting-level>termination nesting level</a> is non-zero,
+ optionally abort these steps, returning the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Release the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the user agent is configured such that this invocation of <code title=dom-showModalDialog><a href=#dom-showmodaldialog>showModalDialog()</a></code> is somehow disabled, then return the empty
+ string and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>User agents are expected to disable this method in certain cases to avoid user
+ annoyance (e.g. as part of their popup blocker feature). For instance, a user agent could
+ require that a site be white-listed before enabling this method, or the user agent could be
+ configured to only allow one modal dialog at a time.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the
+ <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings
+ object</a> has its <a href=#sandboxed-auxiliary-navigation-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed auxiliary navigation browsing context flag</a> set,
+ then return the empty string and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">incumbent origin</var> be the <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a>
+ specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a> at the time the <code title=dom-showModalDialog><a href=#dom-showmodaldialog>showModalDialog()</a></code> method was called.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">the list of background browsing contexts</var> be a list of all the
+ browsing contexts that:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>are part of the same <a href=#unit-of-related-browsing-contexts>unit of related browsing contexts</a> as the browsing context
+ of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which the <code title=dom-showModalDialog><a href=#dom-showmodaldialog>showModalDialog()</a></code> method was called, and that</li>
+
+ <li>have an <a href=#active-document>active document</a> whose <a href=#origin>origin</a> is the <a href=#same-origin title="same
+ origin">same</a> as <var title="">incumbent origin</var>,</li> <!-- Note that changing
+ document.domain to talk to another domain doesn't make you able to block that domain -->
+
+ </ul><p>...as well as any browsing contexts that are nested inside any of the browsing contexts
+ matching those conditions.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Disable the user interface for all the browsing contexts in <var title="">the list of
+ background browsing contexts</var>. This should prevent the user from navigating those browsing
+ contexts, causing events to be sent to those browsing context, or editing any content in those
+ browsing contexts. However, it does not prevent those browsing contexts from receiving events
+ from sources other than the user, from running scripts, from running animations, and so
+ forth.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Create a new <a href=#auxiliary-browsing-context>auxiliary browsing context</a>, with the <a href=#opener-browsing-context>opener browsing
+ context</a> being the browsing context of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which the <code title=dom-showModalDialog><a href=#dom-showmodaldialog>showModalDialog()</a></code> method was called. The new auxiliary
+ browsing context has no name.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s' <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ objects all implement the <code><a href=#windowmodal>WindowModal</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set all the flags in the new browsing context's <a href=#popup-sandboxing-flag-set>popup sandboxing flag set</a> that
+ are set in the <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag set</a> of the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of
+ the <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings
+ object</a>. The <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent
+ settings object</a> must be set as the new browsing context's <a href=#one-permitted-sandboxed-navigator>one permitted sandboxed
+ navigator</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the <a href=#dialog-arguments>dialog arguments</a> of the new browsing context be set to the value of <var title="">argument</var>, or the <i>undefined</i> value if the argument was omitted.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the <a href="#dialog-arguments'-origin">dialog arguments' origin</a> be <var title="">incumbent origin</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the <a href=#return-value>return value</a> of the new browsing context be the <i>undefined</i> value.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let the <a href=#return-value-origin>return value origin</a> be <var title="">incumbent origin</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#navigate>Navigate</a><!--DONAV showModalDialog--> the new <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> to
+ the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> that resulted from <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a>
+ <var title="">url</var> earlier, with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>, and with the
+ <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings
+ object</a> as the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- we don't call this with <span>exceptions enabled</span>, since that would risk leaving the
+ browser in an unusuable state (or would require that we catch and rethrow the exception, and
+ this API is deprecated so we're not worried about keeping it sane) -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#spin-the-event-loop>Spin the event loop</a> until the new <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is <a href=#close-a-browsing-context title="close a browsing context">closed</a>. The user agent must allow the user to indicate
+ that the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is to be closed.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Reenable the user interface for all the browsing contexts in <var title="">the list of
+ background browsing contexts</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#auxiliary-browsing-context>auxiliary browsing context</a>'s <a href=#return-value-origin>return value origin</a> at the time
+ the browsing context was <a href=#close-a-browsing-context title="close a browsing context">closed</a> was the <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a> as <var title="">incumbent origin</var>, then let <var title="">return value</var> be the <a href=#auxiliary-browsing-context>auxiliary browsing context</a>'s <a href=#return-value>return
+ value</a> as it stood when the browsing context was <a href=#close-a-browsing-context title="close a browsing
+ context">closed</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">return value</var> be undefined.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return <var title="">return value</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects of <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s hosted by <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing
+ context">browsing contexts</a> created by the above algorithm must also implement the
+ <code><a href=#windowmodal>WindowModal</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>When this happens, the members of the <code><a href=#windowmodal>WindowModal</a></code> interface, in
+ JavaScript environments, appear to actually be part of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> interface (e.g.
+ they are on the same prototype chain as the <code title=dom-alert><a href=#dom-alert>window.alert()</a></code>
+ method).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject]
+interface <dfn id=windowmodal>WindowModal</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute any <a href=#dom-windowmodal-dialogarguments title=dom-WindowModal-dialogArguments>dialogArguments</a>;
+ attribute any <a href=#dom-windowmodal-returnvalue title=dom-WindowModal-returnValue>returnValue</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-WindowModal-dialogArguments><a href=#dom-windowmodal-dialogarguments>dialogArguments</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <var title="">argument</var> argument that was passed to the <code title=dom-showModalDialog><a href=#dom-showmodaldialog>showModalDialog()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-WindowModal-returnValue><a href=#dom-windowmodal-returnvalue>returnValue</a></code> [ = <var title="">value</var> ]</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the current return value for the window.</p>
+
+ <p>Can be set, to change the value that will be returned by the <code title=dom-showModalDialog><a href=#dom-showmodaldialog>showModalDialog()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Such browsing contexts have associated <dfn id=dialog-arguments>dialog arguments</dfn>, which are stored along with
+ the <dfn id="dialog-arguments'-origin">dialog arguments' origin</dfn>. These values are set by the <code title=dom-showModalDialog><a href=#dom-showmodaldialog>showModalDialog()</a></code> method in the algorithm above, when the
+ browsing context is created, based on the arguments provided to the method.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-windowmodal-dialogarguments title=dom-WindowModal-dialogArguments><code>dialogArguments</code></dfn> IDL
+ attribute, on getting, must check whether its browsing context's <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s
+ <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> is the <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a> as the <a href="#dialog-arguments'-origin">dialog arguments'
+ origin</a>. If it is, then the browsing context's <a href=#dialog-arguments>dialog arguments</a> must be
+ returned unchanged. Otherwise, the IDL attribute must return <i>undefined</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>These browsing contexts also have an associated <dfn id=return-value>return value</dfn> and <dfn id=return-value-origin>return value
+ origin</dfn>. As with the previous two values, these values are set by the <code title=dom-showModalDialog><a href=#dom-showmodaldialog>showModalDialog()</a></code> method in the algorithm above, when the
+ browsing context is created.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-windowmodal-returnvalue title=dom-WindowModal-returnValue><code>returnValue</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on
+ getting, must check whether its browsing context's <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective
+ script origin</a> is the <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a> as the current <a href=#return-value-origin>return
+ value origin</a>. If it is, then the browsing context's <a href=#return-value>return value</a> must be
+ returned unchanged. Otherwise, the IDL attribute must return <i>undefined</i>. On setting, the
+ attribute must set the <a href=#return-value>return value</a> to the given new value, and the <a href=#return-value-origin>return
+ value origin</a> to the browsing context's <a href=#active-document>active document</a>'s <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective
+ script origin</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=dom-window-close><a href=#dom-window-close>window.close()</a></code> method can be used to
+ close the browsing context.</p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=system-state-and-capabilities><span class=secno>8.6 </span>System state and capabilities</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=the-navigator-object><span class=secno>8.6.1 </span>The <code><a href=#navigator>Navigator</a></code> object</h4>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator title=dom-navigator><code>navigator</code></dfn> attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> interface must return an instance of the <code><a href=#navigator>Navigator</a></code> interface,
+ which represents the identity and state of the user agent (the client), and allows Web pages to
+ register themselves as potential protocol and content handlers:</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=navigator>Navigator</dfn> {
+ // objects implementing this interface also implement the interfaces given below
+};
+<a href=#navigator>Navigator</a> implements <a href=#navigatorid>NavigatorID</a>;
+<a href=#navigator>Navigator</a> implements <a href=#navigatorlanguage>NavigatorLanguage</a>;
+<a href=#navigator>Navigator</a> implements <a href=#navigatoronline>NavigatorOnLine</a>;
+<a href=#navigator>Navigator</a> implements <a href=#navigatorcontentutils>NavigatorContentUtils</a>;
+<a href=#navigator>Navigator</a> implements <a href=#navigatorstorageutils>NavigatorStorageUtils</a>;
+<a href=#navigator>Navigator</a> implements <a href=#navigatorplugins>NavigatorPlugins</a>;</pre>
+
+<!-- v2:
+ geolocator mozIsLocallyAvailable preference
+-->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>These interfaces are defined separately so that other specifications can re-use parts of the
+ <code><a href=#navigator>Navigator</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=client-identification><span class=secno>8.6.1.1 </span>Client identification</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject, Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=navigatorid>NavigatorID</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-navigator-appcodename title=dom-navigator-appCodeName>appCodeName</a>; // constant "Mozilla"
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-navigator-appname title=dom-navigator-appName>appName</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-navigator-appversion title=dom-navigator-appVersion>appVersion</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-navigator-platform title=dom-navigator-platform>platform</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-navigator-product title=dom-navigator-product>product</a>; // constant "Gecko"
+ boolean <a href=#dom-navigator-taintenabled title=dom-navigator-taintEnabled>taintEnabled</a>(); // constant false
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-navigator-useragent title=dom-navigator-userAgent>userAgent</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>In certain cases, despite the best efforts of the entire industry, Web browsers have bugs and
+ limitations that Web authors are forced to work around.</p>
+
+ <p>This section defines a collection of attributes that can be used to determine, from script, the
+ kind of user agent in use, in order to work around these issues.</p>
+
+ <p>Client detection should always be limited to detecting known current versions; future versions
+ and unknown versions should always be assumed to be fully compliant.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-appCodeName><a href=#dom-navigator-appcodename>appCodeName</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the string "<code title="">Mozilla</code>".</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-appName><a href=#dom-navigator-appname>appName</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the name of the browser.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-appVersion><a href=#dom-navigator-appversion>appVersion</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the version of the browser.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-platform><a href=#dom-navigator-platform>platform</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the name of the platform.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-product><a href=#dom-navigator-product>product</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the string "<code title="">Gecko</code>".</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-taintEnabled><a href=#dom-navigator-taintenabled>taintEnabled</a></code>()</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns false.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-userAgent><a href=#dom-navigator-useragent>userAgent</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the complete User-Agent header.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-navigator-appcodename title=dom-navigator-appCodeName><code>appCodeName</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Must return the string "<code title="">Mozilla</code>".</dd>
+
+ <!-- appMinorVersion: IE only. In IE8b1, returns " Beta" (with the space) -->
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-navigator-appname title=dom-navigator-appName><code>appName</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Must return either the string "<code title="">Netscape</code>" or the full name of the
+ browser, e.g. "<code title="">Mellblom Browsernator</code>".</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-navigator-appversion title=dom-navigator-appVersion><code>appVersion</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Must return either the string "<code title="">4.0</code>" or a string representing the
+ version of the browser in detail, e.g. "<code title="">1.0 (VMS; en-US)
+ Mellblomenator/9000</code>".</dd>
+
+ <!-- buildID: Mozilla only -->
+
+ <!-- oscpu: Mozilla only -->
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-navigator-platform title=dom-navigator-platform><code>platform</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Must return either the empty string or a string representing the platform on which the
+ browser is executing, e.g. "<code title="">MacIntel</code>", "<code title="">Win32</code>",
+ "<code title="">FreeBSD i386</code>", "<code title="">WebTV OS</code>".</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-navigator-product title=dom-navigator-product><code>product</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Must return the string "<code title="">Gecko</code>".</dd>
+
+ <!-- productSub: Mozilla and Safari only; returns same as buildID in Mozilla, and returns the fixed string "20030107" in Safari -->
+
+ <!-- securityPolicy: Mozilla only; always returns "" -->
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-navigator-taintenabled title=dom-navigator-taintEnabled><code>taintEnabled()</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Must return false.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-navigator-useragent title=dom-navigator-userAgent><code>userAgent</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Must return the string used for the value of the "<code title="">User-Agent</code>" header
+ in HTTP requests, or the empty string if no such header is ever sent.</dd>
+
+ <!-- vendor: Mozilla and Safari only; always returns "" in Mozilla, and returns the fixed string "Apple Computer, Inc." in Safari -->
+
+ <!-- vendorSub: Mozilla and Safari only; always returns "" -->
+
+ </dl><!-- similar paragraph in next section --><p class=warning>Any information in this API that varies from user to user can be used to
+ profile the user. In fact, if enough such information is available, a user can actually be
+ uniquely identified. For this reason, user agent implementors are strongly urged to include as
+ little information in this API as possible.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- next section refers to previous section as "previous section" -->
+
+ <h5 id=language-preferences><span class=secno>8.6.1.2 </span>Language preferences</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject, Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=navigatorlanguage>NavigatorLanguage</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString? <a href=#dom-navigator-language title=dom-navigator-language>language</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString[] <a href=#dom-navigator-languages title=dom-navigator-languages>languages</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-language><a href=#dom-navigator-language>language</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns a language tag representing the user's preferred language.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-languages><a href=#dom-navigator-languages>languages</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns an array of language tags representing the user's preferred languages, with the most preferred language first.</p>
+ <p>The most preferred language is the one returned by <code title=dom-navigator-language><a href=#dom-navigator-language>navigator.language</a></code>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>A <code title=event-languagechange><a href=#event-languagechange>languagechange</a></code> event is fired at the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> or <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object when the user agent's understanding
+ of what the user's preferred languages are changes.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <dl><!--
+ <dt><dfn title="dom-navigator-browserLanguage"><code>browserLanguage</code></dfn></dt> <!- - Opera and IE only - ->
+ <dd><p>Must return a language tag representing either <span>a plausible language</span> or the
+ language the browser uses in its interface.</p></dd>
+
+
+ <dt><dfn title="dom-navigator-userLanguage"><code>userLanguage</code></dfn></dt> <!- - Opera and IE only - ->
+ --><!-- at time of testing, this was supported by Opera, Safari, and Mozilla only --><dt><dfn id=dom-navigator-language title=dom-navigator-language><code>language</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Must return a valid BCP 47 language tag representing either <a href=#a-plausible-language>a plausible
+ language</a> or the user's most preferred language. <a href=#refsBCP47>[BCP47]</a></dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-navigator-languages title=dom-navigator-languages><code>languages</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Must return a <a href=#dfn-read-only-array title=dfn-read-only-array>read only</a> array of valid BCP 47
+ language tags representing either one or more <a href=#a-plausible-language title="a plausible language">plausible
+ languages</a>, or the user's preferred languages, ordered by preference with the most
+ preferred language first. The same object must be returned until the user agent needs to return
+ different values, or values in a different order. <a href=#refsBCP47>[BCP47]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Whenever the user agent needs to make the <code title=dom-navigator-languages><a href=#dom-navigator-languages>navigator.languages</a></code> attribute of a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ or <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object return a new set of language tags, the user agent must
+ <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-languagechange><a href=#event-languagechange>languagechange</a></code> at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object and wait until that task begins to be executed before
+ actually returning a new value.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for this <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> is the
+ <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>To determine <dfn id=a-plausible-language>a plausible language</dfn>, the user agent should bear in mind the following:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>Any information in this API that varies from user to user can be used to profile or identify
+ the user.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>If the user is not using a service that obfuscates the user's point of origin (e.g. the Tor
+ anonymity network), then the value that is least likely to distinguish the user from other users
+ with similar origins (e.g. from the same IP address block) is the language used by the majority
+ of such users. <a href=#refsTOR>[TOR]</a></li>
+
+ <li>If the user is using an anonymizing service, then the value "<code title="">en-US</code>" is
+ suggested; if all users of the service use that same value, that reduces the possibility of
+ distinguishing the users from each other.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>To avoid introducing any more fingerprinting vectors, user agents should use the same list for
+ the APIs defined in this function as for the HTTP <code title=http-accept-language>Accept-Language</code> header.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=custom-handlers><span class=secno>8.6.1.3 </span>Custom scheme and content handlers</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject]
+interface <dfn id=navigatorcontentutils>NavigatorContentUtils</dfn> {
+ // content handler registration
+ void <a href=#dom-navigator-registerprotocolhandler title=dom-navigator-registerProtocolHandler>registerProtocolHandler</a>(DOMString scheme, DOMString url, DOMString title);
+ void <a href=#dom-navigator-registercontenthandler title=dom-navigator-registerContentHandler>registerContentHandler</a>(DOMString mimeType, DOMString url, DOMString title);
+ DOMString <a href=#dom-navigator-isprotocolhandlerregistered title=dom-navigator-isProtocolHandlerRegistered>isProtocolHandlerRegistered</a>(DOMString scheme, DOMString url);
+ DOMString <a href=#dom-navigator-iscontenthandlerregistered title=dom-navigator-isContentHandlerRegistered>isContentHandlerRegistered</a>(DOMString mimeType, DOMString url);
+ void <a href=#dom-navigator-unregisterprotocolhandler title=dom-navigator-unregisterProtocolHandler>unregisterProtocolHandler</a>(DOMString scheme, DOMString url);
+ void <a href=#dom-navigator-unregistercontenthandler title=dom-navigator-unregisterContentHandler>unregisterContentHandler</a>(DOMString mimeType, DOMString url);
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator-registerprotocolhandler title=dom-navigator-registerProtocolHandler><code>registerProtocolHandler()</code></dfn> method
+ allows Web sites to register themselves as possible handlers for particular schemes. For example,
+ an online telephone messaging service could register itself as a handler of the <code>sms:</code>
+ scheme, so that if the user clicks on such a link, he is given the opportunity to use that Web
+ site. Analogously, the <dfn id=dom-navigator-registercontenthandler title=dom-navigator-registerContentHandler><code>registerContentHandler()</code></dfn> method
+ allows Web sites to register themselves as possible handlers for content in a particular
+ <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a>. For example, the same online telephone messaging service could register
+ itself as a handler for <code>text/vcard</code> files, so that if the user has no native
+ application capable of handling vCards, his Web browser can instead suggest he use that site to
+ view contact information stored on vCards that he opens. <a href=#refsRFC5724>[RFC5724]</a> <a href=#refsRFC6350>[RFC6350]</a></p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-registerProtocolHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-registerprotocolhandler>registerProtocolHandler</a></code>(<var title="">scheme</var>, <var title="">url</var>, <var title="">title</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-registerContentHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-registercontenthandler>registerContentHandler</a></code>(<var title="">mimeType</var>, <var title="">url</var>, <var title="">title</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Registers a handler for the given scheme or content type, at the given URL, with the given
+ title.</p>
+
+ <p>The string "<code title="">%s</code>" in the URL is used as a placeholder for where to put
+ the URL of the content to be handled.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception if the user agent blocks the registration (this
+ might happen if trying to register as a handler for "http", for instance).</p>
+
+ <p>Throws a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception if the "<code title="">%s</code>" string is
+ missing in the URL.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>User agents may, within the constraints described in this section, do whatever they like when
+ the methods are called. A UA could, for instance, prompt the user and offer the user the
+ opportunity to add the site to a shortlist of handlers, or make the handlers his default, or
+ cancel the request. UAs could provide such a UI through modal UI or through a non-modal transient
+ notification interface. UAs could also simply silently collect the information, providing it only
+ when relevant to the user.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should keep track of which sites have registered handlers (even if the user has
+ declined such registrations) so that the user is not repeatedly prompted with the same
+ request.</p>
+
+ <p>The arguments to the methods have the following meanings and corresponding implementation
+ requirements. The requirements that involve throwing exceptions must be processed in the order
+ given below, stopping at the first exception thrown. (So the exceptions for the first argument
+ take precedence over the exceptions for the second argument.)</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><var title="">scheme</var> (<code title=dom-navigator-registerProtocolHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-registerprotocolhandler>registerProtocolHandler()</a></code> only)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A scheme, such as <code>mailto</code> or <code>web+auth</code>. The scheme must be compared
+ in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> manner by user agents for the purposes of comparing
+ with the scheme part of URLs that they consider against the list of registered handlers.</p>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">scheme</var> value, if it contains a colon (as in "<code>mailto:</code>"),
+ will never match anything, since schemes don't contain colons.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=dom-navigator-registerProtocolHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-registerprotocolhandler>registerProtocolHandler()</a></code>
+ method is invoked with a scheme that is neither a <a href=#whitelisted-scheme>whitelisted scheme</a> nor a scheme
+ whose value starts with the substring "<code title="">web+</code>" and otherwise contains only
+ <a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters>lowercase ASCII letters</a>, and whose length is at least five characters (including
+ the "<code title="">web+</code>" prefix), the user agent must throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code>
+ exception.</p>
+
+ <p>The following schemes are the <dfn id=whitelisted-scheme title="whitelisted scheme">whitelisted schemes</dfn>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title="">bitcoin</code></li> <!-- https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/BIP_0021 -->
+ <li><code title="">geo</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">im</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">irc</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">ircs</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">magnet</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">mailto</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">mms</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">news</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">nntp</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">sip</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">sms</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">smsto</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">ssh</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">tel</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">urn</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">webcal</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">wtai</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">xmpp</code></li>
+ </ul><p class=note>This list can be changed. If there are schemes that should be added, please send
+ feedback.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This list excludes any schemes that could reasonably be expected to be supported
+ inline, e.g. in an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, such as <code title="">http</code> or (more
+ theoretically) <code title="">gopher</code>. If those were supported, they could potentially be
+ used in man-in-the-middle attacks, by replacing pages that have frames with such content with
+ content under the control of the protocol handler. If the user agent has native support for the
+ schemes, this could further be used for cookie-theft attacks.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">mimeType</var> (<code title=dom-navigator-registerContentHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-registercontenthandler>registerContentHandler()</a></code> only)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a>, such as <code>model/vnd.flatland.3dml</code> or
+ <code>application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml</code>. The <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> must be compared
+ in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> manner by user agents for the purposes of comparing
+ with MIME types of documents that they consider against the list of registered handlers.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must compare the given values only to the MIME type/subtype parts of content
+ types, not to the complete type including parameters. Thus, if <var title="">mimeType</var>
+ values passed to this method include characters such as commas or whitespace, or include MIME
+ parameters, then the handler being registered will never be used.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The type is compared to the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> used by the user agent
+ <em>after</em> the sniffing algorithms have been applied.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=dom-navigator-registerContentHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-registercontenthandler>registerContentHandler()</a></code>
+ method is invoked with a <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> that is in the <a href=#type-blacklist>type blacklist</a> or
+ that the user agent has deemed a privileged type, the user agent must throw a
+ <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+ <p>The following <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> are in the <dfn id=type-blacklist>type
+ blacklist</dfn>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code><a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#application/xhtml+xml>application/xhtml+xml</a></code></li>
+ <li><code>application/xml</code></li>
+ <li><code>image/gif</code></li>
+ <li><code>image/jpeg</code></li>
+ <li><code>image/png</code></li>
+ <li><code>image/svg+xml</code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>multipart/x-mixed-replace</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#text/cache-manifest>text/cache-manifest</a></code></li>
+ <li><code>text/css</code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#text/ping>text/ping</a></code></li>
+ <li><code>text/plain</code></li>
+ <li><code>text/xml</code></li>
+ <li>All types that the user agent supports displaying natively in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> during <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a>, except for <code>application/rss+xml</code> and <code>application/atom+xml</code></li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>This list can be changed. If there are MIME types that should be added, please
+ send feedback.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">url</var></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A string used to build the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the page that will handle the requests.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception if the <var title="">url</var>
+ argument passed to one of these methods does not contain the exact literal string
+ "<code>%s</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception if <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolving</a> the <var title="">url</var> argument relative to the <a href=#api-base-url>API base
+ URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a> is not successful.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> would by definition not be a <a href=#valid-url>valid
+ URL</a> as it would include the string "<code title="">%s</code>" which is not a valid
+ component in a URL.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception if the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> has an <a href=#origin>origin</a> that differs from the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the
+ <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is forcibly the case if the <code title="">%s</code> placeholder is in the
+ scheme, host, or port parts of the URL.</p>
+
+ <p>The resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> is the <dfn id=proto-url>proto-URL</dfn>. It identifies the
+ handler for the purposes of the methods described below.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent uses this handler, it must replace the first occurrence of the exact
+ literal string "<code title="">%s</code>" in the <var title="">url</var> argument with an
+ escaped version of the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> of the content in question (as defined below),
+ then <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolve</a> the resulting URL, relative to the <a href=#api-base-url>API
+ base URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a> at the time the <code title=dom-navigator-registerContentHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-registercontenthandler>registerContentHandler()</a></code> or <code title=dom-navigator-registerProtocolHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-registerprotocolhandler>registerProtocolHandler()</a></code> methods were
+ invoked, and then <a href=#navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV user--> an appropriate <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a> to the resulting URL using the GET method (<a href=#concept-http-equivalent-get title=concept-http-equivalent-get>or equivalent</a> for non-HTTP URLs).</p>
+
+ <p>To get the escaped version of the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> of the content in question, the
+ user agent must replace every character in that <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> that is not a
+ character in the URL <a href=#default-encode-set>default encode set</a> with the result of <a href=#utf-8-percent-encode title="UTF-8
+ percent encode">UTF-8 percent encoding</a> that character.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>If the user had visited a site at <code title="">http://example.com/</code> that made the
+ following call:</p>
+
+ <pre>navigator.registerContentHandler('application/x-soup', 'soup?url=%s', 'SoupWeb&trade;')</pre>
+
+ <p>...and then, much later, while visiting <code title="">http://www.example.net/</code>,
+ clicked on a link such as:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;a href="chickenk&iuml;wi.soup"&gt;Download our Chicken K&iuml;wi soup!&lt;/a&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>...then, assuming this <code>chickenk&iuml;wi.soup</code> file was served with the
+ <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> <code>application/x-soup</code>, the UA might navigate to the following
+ URL:</p>
+
+ <pre>http://example.com/soup?url=http://www.example.net/chickenk%C3%AFwi.soup</pre>
+
+ <p>This site could then fetch the <code>chickenk&iuml;wi.soup</code> file and do whatever it is
+ that it does with soup (synthesise it and ship it to the user, or whatever).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">title</var></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>A descriptive title of the handler, which the UA might use to remind the user what the site
+ in question is.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>This section does not define how the pages registered by these methods are used, beyond the
+ requirements on how to process the <var title="">url</var> value (see above). To some extent, the
+ <a href=#navigate title=navigate>processing model for navigating across documents</a> defines some cases
+ where these methods are relevant, but in general UAs may use this information wherever they would
+ otherwise consider handing content to native plugins or helper applications.</p>
+
+ <p>UAs must not use registered content handlers to handle content that was returned as part of a
+ non-GET transaction (or rather, as part of any non-idempotent transaction), as the remote site
+ would not be able to fetch the same data.</p>
+
+ <hr></div>
+
+ <p>In addition to the registration methods, there are also methods for determining if particular
+ handlers have been registered, and for unregistering handlers.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">state</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-isProtocolHandlerRegistered><a href=#dom-navigator-isprotocolhandlerregistered>isProtocolHandlerRegistered</a></code>(<var title="">scheme</var>, <var title="">url</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">state</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-isContentHandlerRegistered><a href=#dom-navigator-iscontenthandlerregistered>isContentHandlerRegistered</a></code>(<var title="">mimeType</var>, <var title="">url</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns one of the following strings describing the state of the handler given by the
+ arguments:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><code title="">new</code>
+
+ <dd>Indicates that no attempt has been made to register the given handler (or that the handler
+ has been unregistered). It would be appropriate to promote the availability of the handler or
+ to just automatically register the handler.
+
+ <dt><code title="">registered</code>
+
+ <dd>Indicates that the given handler has been registered or that the site is blocked from
+ registering the handler. Trying to register the handler again would have no effect.
+
+ <dt><code title="">declined</code>
+
+ <dd>Indicates that the given handler has been offered but was rejected. Trying to register the
+ handler again may prompt the user again.
+
+ </dl></dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">state</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-unregisterProtocolHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-unregisterprotocolhandler>unregisterProtocolHandler</a></code>(<var title="">scheme</var>, <var title="">url</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">state</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-unregisterContentHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-unregistercontenthandler>unregisterContentHandler</a></code>(<var title="">mimeType</var>, <var title="">url</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Unregisters the handler given by the arguments.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator-isprotocolhandlerregistered title=dom-navigator-isProtocolHandlerRegistered><code>isProtocolHandlerRegistered()</code></dfn>
+ method must return the <a href=#handler-state-string>handler state string</a> that most closely describes the current
+ state of the handler described by the two arguments to the method, where the first argument gives
+ the scheme and the second gives the string used to build the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the page that
+ will handle the requests.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The first argument must be compared to the schemes for which custom protocol handlers are
+ registered in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> manner to find the relevant handlers.</p>
+
+ <p>The second argument must be preprocessed as described below, and if that is successful, must
+ then be matched against the <a href=#proto-url title=proto-URL>proto-URLs</a> of the relevant handlers to
+ find the described handler.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator-iscontenthandlerregistered title=dom-navigator-isContentHandlerRegistered><code>isContentHandlerRegistered()</code></dfn>
+ method must return the <a href=#handler-state-string>handler state string</a> that most closely describes the current
+ state of the handler described by the two arguments to the method, where the first argument gives
+ the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> and the second gives the string used to build the <a href=#url>URL</a> of
+ the page that will handle the requests.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The first argument must be compared to the <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> for which
+ custom content handlers are registered in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> manner to find
+ the relevant handlers.</p>
+
+ <p>The second argument must be preprocessed as described below, and if that is successful, must
+ then be matched against the <a href=#proto-url title=proto-URL>proto-URLs</a> of the relevant handlers to
+ find the described handler.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=handler-state-string title="handler state string">handler state strings</dfn> are the following strings.
+ Each string describes several situations, as given by the following list.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><code title="">new</code>
+
+ <dd>The described handler has never been registered for the given scheme or type.
+
+ <dd>The described handler was once registered for the given scheme or type, but the site has
+ since unregistered it. If the handler were to be reregistered, the user would be notified
+ accordingly.
+
+ <dd>The described handler was once registered for the given scheme or type, but the site has
+ since unregistered it, but the user has indicated that the site is to be blocked from registering
+ the type again, so the user agent would ignore further registration attempts.
+
+
+ <dt><code title="">registered</code>
+
+ <dd>An attempt was made to register the described handler for the given scheme or type, but the
+ user has not yet been notified, and the user agent would ignore further registration attempts.
+ (Maybe the user agent batches registration requests to display them when the user requests to be
+ notified about them, and the user has not yet requested that the user agent notify it of the
+ previous registration attempt.)
+
+ <dd>The described handler is registered for the given scheme or type (maybe, or maybe not, as the
+ default handler).
+
+ <dd>The described handler is permanently blocked from being (re)registered. (Maybe the user
+ marked the registration attempt as spam, or blocked the site for other reasons.)
+
+
+ <dt><code title="">declined</code>
+
+ <dd>An attempt was made to register the described handler for the given scheme or type, but the
+ user has not yet been notified; however, the user might be notified if another registration
+ attempt were to be made. (Maybe the last registration attempt was made while the page was in the
+ background and the user closed the page without looking at it, and the user agent requires
+ confirmation for this registration attempt.)
+
+ <dd>An attempt was made to register the described handler for the given scheme or type, but the
+ user has not yet responded.
+
+ <dd>An attempt was made to register the described handler for the given scheme or type, but the
+ user declined the offer. The user has not indicated that the handler is to be permanently
+ blocked, however, so another attempt to register the described handler might result in the user
+ being prompted again.
+
+ <dd>The described handler was once registered for the given scheme or type, but the user has
+ since removed it. The user has not indicated that the handler is to be permanently blocked,
+ however, so another attempt to register the described handler might result in the user being
+ prompted again.
+
+ </dl><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator-unregisterprotocolhandler title=dom-navigator-unregisterProtocolHandler><code>unregisterProtocolHandler()</code></dfn>
+ method must unregister the handler described by the two arguments to the method, where the first
+ argument gives the scheme and the second gives the string used to build the <a href=#url>URL</a> of
+ the page that will handle the requests.</p>
+
+ <p>The first argument must be compared to the schemes for which custom protocol handlers are
+ registered in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> manner to find the relevant handlers.</p>
+
+ <p>The second argument must be preprocessed as described below, and if that is successful, must
+ then be matched against the <a href=#proto-url title=proto-URL>proto-URLs</a> of the relevant handlers to
+ find the described handler.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator-unregistercontenthandler title=dom-navigator-unregisterContentHandler><code>unregisterContentHandler()</code></dfn>
+ method must unregister the handler described by the two arguments to the method, where the first
+ argument gives the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> and the second gives the string used to build the
+ <a href=#url>URL</a> of the page that will handle the requests.</p>
+
+ <p>The first argument must be compared to the <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> for which
+ custom content handlers are registered in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> manner to find
+ the relevant handlers.</p>
+
+ <p>The second argument must be preprocessed as described below, and if that is successful, must
+ then be matched against the <a href=#proto-url title=proto-URL>proto-URLs</a> of the relevant handlers to
+ find the described handler.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The second argument of the four methods described above must be preprocessed as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the string does not contain the substring "<code title="">%s</code>", abort these
+ steps. There's no matching handler.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a URL">Resolve</a> the string relative to the <a href=#api-base-url>API base
+ URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this fails, then throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception, aborting the
+ method.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>'s <a href=#origin>origin</a> is not the <a href=#same-origin>same
+ origin</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>,
+ throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception, aborting the method.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> as the result of preprocessing the
+ argument.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h6 id=security-and-privacy><span class=secno>8.6.1.3.1 </span>Security and privacy</h6>
+
+ <p>These mechanisms can introduce a number of concerns, in particular privacy concerns.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Hijacking all Web usage.</strong> User agents should not allow schemes that are key to
+ its normal operation, such as <code>http</code> or <code>https</code>, to be rerouted through
+ third-party sites. This would allow a user's activities to be trivially tracked, and would allow
+ user information, even in secure connections, to be collected.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Hijacking defaults.</strong> User agents are strongly urged to not automatically change
+ any defaults, as this could lead the user to send data to remote hosts that the user is not
+ expecting. New handlers registering themselves should never automatically cause those sites to be
+ used.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Registration spamming.</strong> User agents should consider the possibility that a site
+ will attempt to register a large number of handlers, possibly from multiple domains (e.g. by
+ redirecting through a series of pages each on a different domain, and each registering a handler
+ for <code>video/mpeg</code> &mdash; analogous practices abusing other Web browser features have
+ been used by pornography Web sites for many years). User agents should gracefully handle such
+ hostile attempts, protecting the user.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Misleading titles.</strong> User agents should not rely wholly on the <var title="">title</var> argument to the methods when presenting the registered handlers to the user,
+ since sites could easily lie. For example, a site <code>hostile.example.net</code> could claim
+ that it was registering the "Cuddly Bear Happy Content Handler". User agents should therefore use
+ the handler's domain in any UI along with any title.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Hostile handler metadata.</strong> User agents should protect against typical attacks
+ against strings embedded in their interface, for example ensuring that markup or escape characters
+ in such strings are not executed, that null bytes are properly handled, that over-long strings do
+ not cause crashes or buffer overruns, and so forth.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Leaking Intranet URLs.</strong> The mechanism described in this section can result in
+ secret Intranet URLs being leaked, in the following manner:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>The user registers a third-party content handler as the default handler for a content
+ type.</li>
+
+ <li>The user then browses his corporate Intranet site and accesses a document that uses that
+ content type.</li>
+
+ <li>The user agent contacts the third party and hands the third party the URL to the Intranet
+ content.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>No actual confidential file data is leaked in this manner, but the URLs themselves could
+ contain confidential information. For example, the URL could be
+ <code>http://www.corp.example.com/upcoming-aquisitions/the-sample-company.egf</code>, which might
+ tell the third party that Example Corporation is intending to merge with The Sample Company.
+ Implementors might wish to consider allowing administrators to disable this feature for certain
+ subdomains, content types, or schemes.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Leaking secure URLs.</strong> User agents should not send HTTPS URLs to third-party
+ sites registered as content handlers without the user's informed consent, for the same reason that
+ user agents sometimes avoid sending <code title=http-referer>Referer</code> (sic) HTTP headers
+ from secure sites to third-party sites.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Leaking credentials.</strong> User agents must never send username or password
+ information in the URLs that are escaped and included sent to the handler sites. User agents may
+ even avoid attempting to pass to Web-based handlers the URLs of resources that are known to
+ require authentication to access, as such sites would be unable to access the resources in
+ question without prompting the user for credentials themselves (a practice that would require the
+ user to know whether to trust the third-party handler, a decision many users are unable to make or
+ even understand).</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Interface interference.</strong> User agents should be prepared to handle intentionally
+ long arguments to the methods. For example, if the user interface exposed consists of an "accept"
+ button and a "deny" button, with the "accept" binding containing the name of the handler, it's
+ important that a long name not cause the "deny" button to be pushed off the screen.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Fingerprinting users.</strong> Since a site can detect if it has attempted to register
+ a particular handler or not, whether or not the user responds, the mechanism can be used to store
+ data. User agents are therefore strongly urged to treat registrations in the same manner as
+ cookies: clearing cookies for a site should also clear all registrations for that site, and
+ disabling cookies for a site should also disable registrations.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h6 id=sample-handler-impl><span class=secno>8.6.1.3.2 </span>Sample user interface</h6>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>A simple implementation of this feature for a desktop Web browser might work as follows.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-navigator-registerContentHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-registercontenthandler>registerContentHandler()</a></code> method
+ could display a modal dialog box:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-content-handler-registration.png width=534 alt="The modal dialog box could have the title 'Content Handler Registration', and could say 'This Web page: Kittens at work http://kittens.example.org/ ...would like permission to handle files of type: application/x-meowmeow using the following Web-based application: Kittens-at-work displayer http://kittens.example.org/?show=%s Do you trust the administrators of the &quot;kittens.example.org&quot; domain?' with two buttons, 'Trust kittens.example.org' and 'Cancel'." height=374></p>
+
+ <p>In this dialog box, "Kittens at work" is the title of the page that invoked the method,
+ "http://kittens.example.org/" is the URL of that page, "application/x-meowmeow" is the string that
+ was passed to the <code title=dom-navigator-registerContentHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-registercontenthandler>registerContentHandler()</a></code> method as its first
+ argument (<var title="">mimeType</var>), "http://kittens.example.org/?show=%s" was the second
+ argument (<var title="">url</var>), and "Kittens-at-work displayer" was the third argument (<var title="">title</var>).</p>
+
+ <p>If the user clicks the Cancel button, then nothing further happens. If the user clicks the
+ "Trust" button, then the handler is remembered.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user then attempts to fetch a URL that uses the "application/x-meowmeow" <a href=#mime-type>MIME
+ type</a>, then it might display a dialog as follows:</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-content-handler.png width=577 alt="The dialog box could have the title 'Unknown File Type' and could say 'You have attempted to access:' followed by a URL, followed by a prompt such as 'How would you like FerretBrowser to handle this resource?' with three radio buttons, one saying 'Contact the FerretBrowser plugin registry to see if there is an official way to handle this resource.', one saying 'Pass this URL to a local application' with an application selector, and one saying 'Pass this URL to the &quot;Kittens-at-work displayer&quot; application at &quot;kittens.example.org&quot;', with a checkbox labeled 'Always do this for resources using the &quot;application/x-meowmeow&quot; type in future.', and with two buttons, 'Ok' and 'Cancel'." height=428></p>
+
+ <p>In this dialog, the third option is the one that was primed by the site registering itself
+ earlier.</p>
+
+ <p>If the user does select that option, then the browser, in accordance with the requirements
+ described in the previous two sections, will redirect the user to
+ "http://kittens.example.org/?show=data%3Aapplication/x-meowmeow;base64,S2l0dGVucyBhcmUgdGhlIGN1dGVzdCE%253D".</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-navigator-registerProtocolHandler><a href=#dom-navigator-registerprotocolhandler>registerProtocolHandler()</a></code> method
+ would work equivalently, but for schemes instead of unknown content types.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=manually-releasing-the-storage-mutex><span class=secno>8.6.1.4 </span>Manually releasing the storage mutex</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject]
+interface <dfn id=navigatorstorageutils>NavigatorStorageUtils</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-navigator-cookieenabled title=dom-navigator-cookieEnabled>cookieEnabled</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-navigator-yieldforstorageupdates title=dom-navigator-yieldForStorageUpdates>yieldForStorageUpdates</a>();
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-cookieEnabled><a href=#dom-navigator-cookieenabled>cookieEnabled</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns false if setting a cookie will be ignored, and true otherwise.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-yieldForStorageUpdates><a href=#dom-navigator-yieldforstorageupdates>yieldForStorageUpdates</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If a script uses the <code title=dom-document-cookie><a href=#dom-document-cookie>document.cookie</a></code> API, or the
+ <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code> API, the browser will block other scripts
+ from accessing cookies or storage until the first script finishes.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>Calling the <code title=dom-navigator-yieldForStorageUpdates><a href=#dom-navigator-yieldforstorageupdates>navigator.yieldForStorageUpdates()</a></code> method
+ tells the user agent to unblock any other scripts that may be blocked, even though the script
+ hasn't returned.</p>
+
+ <p>Values of cookies and items in the <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> objects of <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code> attributes can change after calling this method,
+ whence its name.
+ </p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator-cookieenabled title=dom-navigator-cookieEnabled><code>cookieEnabled</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return true if the user agent attempts to handle cookies according to the cookie specification,
+ and false if it ignores cookie change requests. <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator-yieldforstorageupdates title=dom-navigator-yieldForStorageUpdates><code>yieldForStorageUpdates()</code></dfn> method,
+ when invoked, must, if the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a> is owned by the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> of
+ the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that resulted in the method being called, release the
+ <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a> so that it is once again free. Otherwise, it must do nothing.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=plugins-0><span class=secno>8.6.1.5 </span>Plugins</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject]
+interface <dfn id=navigatorplugins>NavigatorPlugins</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a> <a href=#dom-navigator-plugins title=dom-navigator-plugins>plugins</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a> <a href=#dom-navigator-mimetypes title=dom-navigator-mimeTypes>mimeTypes</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-navigator-javaenabled title=dom-navigator-javaEnabled>javaEnabled</a>;
+};
+
+interface <dfn id=pluginarray>PluginArray</dfn> {
+ void <a href=#dom-pluginarray-refresh title=dom-PluginArray-refresh>refresh</a>(optional boolean reload = false);
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-pluginarray-length title=dom-PluginArray-length>length</a>;
+ getter <a href=#dom-plugin title=dom-Plugin>Plugin</a>? <a href=#dom-pluginarray-item title=dom-PluginArray-item>item</a>(unsigned long index);
+ getter <a href=#dom-plugin title=dom-Plugin>Plugin</a>? <a href=#dom-pluginarray-nameditem title=dom-PluginArray-namedItem>namedItem</a>(DOMString name);
+};
+
+interface <dfn id=mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-mimetypearray-length title=dom-MimeTypeArray-length>length</a>;
+ getter <a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a>? <a href=#dom-mimetypearray-item title=dom-MimeTypeArray-item>item</a>(unsigned long index);
+ getter <a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a>? <a href=#dom-mimetypearray-nameditem title=dom-MimeTypeArray-namedItem>namedItem</a>(DOMString name);
+};
+
+interface <dfn id=dom-plugin title=dom-Plugin>Plugin</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-plugin-name title=dom-Plugin-name>name</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-plugin-description title=dom-Plugin-description>description</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-plugin-filename title=dom-Plugin-filename>filename</a>;
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-plugin-length title=dom-Plugin-length>length</a>;
+ getter <a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a>? <a href=#dom-plugin-item title=dom-Plugin-item>item</a>(unsigned long index);
+ getter <a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a>? <a href=#dom-plugin-nameditem title=dom-Plugin-namedItem>namedItem</a>(DOMString name);
+};
+
+interface <dfn id=mimetype>MimeType</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-mimetype-type title=dom-MimeType-type>type</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-mimetype-description title=dom-MimeType-description>description</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-mimetype-suffixes title=dom-MimeType-suffixes>suffixes</a>; // comma-separated
+ readonly attribute <a href=#dom-plugin title=dom-Plugin>Plugin</a> <a href=#dom-mimetype-enabledplugin title=dom-MimeType-enabledPlugin>enabledPlugin</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-plugins><a href=#dom-navigator-plugins>plugins</a></code> . <code title=dom-PluginArray-refresh><a href=#dom-pluginarray-refresh>refresh</a></code>( [ <var title="">refresh</var> ] )</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Updates the lists of supported plugins and MIME types for this page, and reloads the page if the lists have changed.</p>
+ <!-- that's not quite what all browsers have always done -->
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-plugins><a href=#dom-navigator-plugins>plugins</a></code> . <code title=dom-PluginArray-length><a href=#dom-pluginarray-length>length</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the number of plugins, represented by <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> objects, that the user agent reports.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">plugin</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-plugins><a href=#dom-navigator-plugins>plugins</a></code> . <code title=dom-PluginArray-item><a href=#dom-pluginarray-item>item</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-plugins><a href=#dom-navigator-plugins>plugins</a></code>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the specified <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> object.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">plugin</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-plugins><a href=#dom-navigator-plugins>plugins</a></code> . <code title=dom-PluginArray-item><a href=#dom-pluginarray-item>item</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-plugins><a href=#dom-navigator-plugins>plugins</a></code>[<var title="">name</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> object for the plugin with the given name.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-mimeTypes>mimeTypes</code> . <code title=dom-MimeTypeArray-length><a href=#dom-mimetypearray-length>length</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the number of MIME types, represented by <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> objects, supported by the plugins that the user agent reports.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">mimeType</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-mimeTypes>mimeTypes</code> . <code title=dom-MimeTypeArray-item><a href=#dom-mimetypearray-item>item</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-mimeTypes>mimeTypes</code>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the specified <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> object.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">mimeType</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-mimeTypes>mimeTypes</code> . <code title=dom-MimeTypeArray-item><a href=#dom-mimetypearray-item>item</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-mimeTypes>mimeTypes</code>[<var title="">name</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> object for the given MIME type.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">plugin</var> . <code title=dom-Plugin-name><a href=#dom-plugin-name>name</a></code>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the plugin's name.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">plugin</var> . <code title=dom-Plugin-description><a href=#dom-plugin-description>description</a></code>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the plugin's description.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">plugin</var> . <code title=dom-Plugin-filename><a href=#dom-plugin-filename>filename</a></code>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the plugin library's filename, if applicable on the current platform.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">plugin</var> . <code title=dom-Plugin-length><a href=#dom-plugin-length>length</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the number of MIME types, represented by <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> objects, supported by the plugin.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">mimeType</var> = <var title="">plugin</var> . <code title=dom-Plugin-item><a href=#dom-plugin-item>item</a></code>(<var title="">index</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">plugin</var>[<var title="">index</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the specified <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> object.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">mimeType</var> = <var title="">plugin</var> . <code title=dom-Plugin-item><a href=#dom-plugin-item>item</a></code>(<var title="">name</var>)</dt>
+ <dt><var title="">plugin</var>[<var title="">name</var>]</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> object for the given MIME type.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">mimeType</var> . <code title=dom-MimeType-type><a href=#dom-mimetype-type>type</a></code>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the MIME type.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">mimeType</var> . <code title=dom-MimeType-description><a href=#dom-mimetype-description>description</a></code>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the MIME type's description.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">mimeType</var> . <code title=dom-MimeType-suffixes><a href=#dom-mimetype-suffixes>suffixes</a></code>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the MIME type's typical file extensions, in a comma-separated list.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">mimeType</var> . <code title=dom-MimeType-enabledPlugin><a href=#dom-mimetype-enabledplugin>enabledPlugin</a></code>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns the <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> object that implements this MIME type.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-navigator><a href=#dom-navigator>navigator</a></code> . <code title=dom-navigator-javaEnabled><a href=#dom-navigator-javaenabled>javaEnabled</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Returns true if there's a plugin that supports the MIME type "<code title="">application/x-java-vm</code>".</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator-plugins title=dom-navigator-plugins><code>navigator.plugins</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return a <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object. The same object must be returned each time.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator-mimetypes title=dom-navigator-mimeTypes><code>navigator.mimeTypes</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return a <code><a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a></code> object. The same object must be returned each time.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object represents none, some, or all of the <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> supported by the user agent, each of which is represented by a <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> object. Each of these <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code>
+ objects may be <dfn id=hidden-plugin title="hidden plugin">hidden plugins</dfn>. A <a href=#hidden-plugin>hidden plugin</a> can't
+ be enumerated, but can still be inspected by using its name.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The fewer <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> are represented by the
+ <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object, and of those, the more that are <a href=#hidden-plugin title="hidden
+ plugin">hidden</a>, the more the user's privacy will be protected. Each exposed plugin
+ increases the number of bits that can be derived for fingerprinting. Hiding a plugin helps, but
+ unless it is an extremely rare plugin, it is likely that a site attempting to derive the list of
+ plugins can still determine whether the plugin is supported or not by probing for it by name (the
+ names of popular plugins are widely known). Therefore not exposing a plugin at all is preferred.
+ Unfortunately, many legacy sites use this feature to determine, for example, which plugin to use
+ to play video. Not exposing any plugins at all might therefore not be entirely plausible.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> objects created by a user agent must not be <a href=#live>live</a>. The
+ set of plugins represented by the objects must not change once an object is created, except when
+ it is updated by the <code title=dom-PluginArray-refresh><a href=#dom-pluginarray-refresh>refresh()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> represented by a <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> can support a number of
+ <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a>. For each such <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>, the user agent must
+ pick one or more of these <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> to be those that are
+ <dfn id=explicitly-supported>explicitly supported</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#explicitly-supported>explicitly supported</a> <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> of
+ a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> are those that are exposed through the <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> and <code><a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a></code> interfaces. As with <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> themselves, any variation between users regarding what is exposed
+ allows sites to fingerprint users. User agents are therefore encouraged to expose the same <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> for all users of a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>, regardless of the
+ actual types supported... at least, within the constraints imposed by compatibility with legacy
+ content.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> of a <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object are the
+ numbers from zero to the number of non-<a href=#hidden-plugin title="hidden plugin">hidden</a> <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> represented by the object, if any.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-pluginarray-length title=dom-PluginArray-length><code>length</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ number of non-<a href=#hidden-plugin title="hidden plugin">hidden</a> <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a>
+ represented by the object.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-pluginarray-item title=dom-PluginArray-item><code>item()</code></dfn> method of a
+ <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object must return null if the argument is not one of the object's
+ <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a>, and otherwise must return the result of running the
+ following steps, using the method's argument as <var title="">index</var>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">list</var> be the <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> objects
+ representing the non-<a href=#hidden-plugin title="hidden plugin">hidden</a> <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> represented by the <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Sort <var title="">list</var> alphabetically by the <code title=dom-Plugin-name><a href=#dom-plugin-name>name</a></code> of each <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the <var title="">index</var>th entry in <var title="">list</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>It is important <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=no-backref title="fingerprinting vector">for
+ privacy</a> that the order of plugins not leak additional information, e.g. the order in which
+ plugins were installed.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> of a <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object are the values
+ of the <code title=dom-Plugin-name><a href=#dom-plugin-name>name</a></code> attributes of all the <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> objects represented by the <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object. The
+ properties exposed in this way must be <a href=#unenumerable>unenumerable</a>.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-pluginarray-nameditem title=dom-PluginArray-namedItem><code>namedItem()</code></dfn> method of a
+ <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object must return null if the argument is not one of the object's
+ <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a>, and otherwise must return the <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> object, of those represented by the <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code>
+ object, that has a <code title=dom-Plugin-name><a href=#dom-plugin-name>name</a></code> equal to the method's argument.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-pluginarray-refresh title=dom-PluginArray-refresh><code>refresh()</code></dfn> method of the
+ <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object of a <code><a href=#navigator>Navigator</a></code> object, when invoked, must check to
+ see if any <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> have been installed or reconfigured since the user
+ agent created the <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object. If so, and the method's argument is true, then
+ the user agent must act as if the <code title=dom-location-reload><a href=#dom-location-reload>location.reload()</a></code>
+ method was called instead. Otherwise, the user agent must update the <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code>
+ object and <code><a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a></code> object created for attributes of that <code><a href=#navigator>Navigator</a></code>
+ object, and the <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> and <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> objects created
+ for those <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> and <code><a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a></code> objects, using the same <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> objects for cases where the <code title=dom-Plugin-name><a href=#dom-plugin-name>name</a></code> is the same, and the same <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> objects for
+ cases where the <code title=dom-MimeType-type><a href=#dom-mimetype-type>type</a></code> is the same, and creating new objects
+ for cases where there were no matching objects immediately prior to the <code title=dom-PluginArray-refresh><a href=#dom-pluginarray-refresh>refresh()</a></code> call. Old <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code>
+ and <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> objects must continue to return the same values that they had prior to
+ the update, though naturally now the data is stale and may appear inconsistent (for example, an
+ old <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> entry might list as its <code title=dom-MimeType-enabledPlugin><a href=#dom-mimetype-enabledplugin>enabledPlugin</a></code> a <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code>
+ object that no longer lists that <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> as a supported <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code>).</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <code><a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a></code> object represents the <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a>
+ <a href=#explicitly-supported>explicitly supported</a> by <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> supported by the user
+ agent, each of which is represented by a <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a></code> objects created by a user agent must not be <a href=#live>live</a>.
+ The set of MIME types represented by the objects must not change once an object is created, except
+ when it is updated by the <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object's <code title=dom-PluginArray-refresh><a href=#dom-pluginarray-refresh>refresh()</a></code> method.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> of a <code><a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a></code> object are the
+ numbers from zero to the number of <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> <a href=#explicitly-supported>explicitly
+ supported</a> by non-<a href=#hidden-plugin title="hidden plugin">hidden</a> <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> represented by the corresponding <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object, if
+ any.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mimetypearray-length title=dom-MimeTypeArray-length><code>length</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ number of <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> <a href=#explicitly-supported>explicitly supported</a> by non-<a href=#hidden-plugin title="hidden plugin">hidden</a> <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> represented by the
+ corresponding <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object, if any.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mimetypearray-item title=dom-MimeTypeArray-item><code>item()</code></dfn> method of a
+ <code><a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a></code> object must return null if the argument is not one of the object's
+ <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a>, and otherwise must return the result of running the
+ following steps, using the method's argument as <var title="">index</var>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">list</var> be the <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> objects representing the <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> <a href=#explicitly-supported>explicitly supported</a> by non-<a href=#hidden-plugin title="hidden
+ plugin">hidden</a> <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a> represented by the corresponding
+ <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object, if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Sort <var title="">list</var> alphabetically by the <code title=dom-MimeType-type><a href=#dom-mimetype-type>type</a></code> of each <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the <var title="">index</var>th entry in <var title="">list</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>It is important <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=no-backref title="fingerprinting vector">for
+ privacy</a> that the order of MIME types not leak additional information, e.g. the order in
+ which plugins were installed.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> of a <code><a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a></code> object are the values
+ of the <code title=dom-MimeType-type><a href=#dom-mimetype-type>type</a></code> attributes of all the <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code>
+ objects represented by the <code><a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a></code> object. The properties exposed in this way
+ must be <a href=#unenumerable>unenumerable</a>.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mimetypearray-nameditem title=dom-MimeTypeArray-namedItem><code>namedItem()</code></dfn> method of a
+ <code><a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a></code> object must return null if the argument is not one of the object's
+ <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a>, and otherwise must return the <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> object
+ that has a <code title=dom-MimeType-type><a href=#dom-mimetype-type>type</a></code> equal to the method's argument.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> object represents a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>. It has
+ several attributes to provide details about the plugin, and can be enumerated to obtain the list
+ of <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> that it <a href=#explicitly-supported title="explicitly supported">explicitly
+ supports</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> objects created by a user agent must not be
+ <a href=#live>live</a>. The set of MIME types represented by the objects, and the values of the
+ objects' attributes, must not change once an object is created, except when updated by the
+ <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object's <code title=dom-PluginArray-refresh><a href=#dom-pluginarray-refresh>refresh()</a></code>
+ method.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=reported-mime-types>reported MIME types</dfn> for a <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> object are the
+ <a href=#mime-type title="MIME type">MIME types</a> <a href=#explicitly-supported>explicitly supported</a> by the corresponding
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> when this object was last created or updated by <code title=dom-PluginArray-refresh><a href=#dom-pluginarray-refresh>PluginArray.refresh()</a></code>, whichever happened most
+ recently.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a> of a <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> object
+ are the numbers from zero to the number of <a href=#reported-mime-types>reported MIME types</a>.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-plugin-length title=dom-Plugin-length><code>length</code></dfn> attribute must return the number
+ of <a href=#reported-mime-types>reported MIME types</a>.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-plugin-item title=dom-Plugin-item><code>item()</code></dfn> method of a <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> object must return null if the argument is not one of the
+ object's <a href=#supported-property-indices>supported property indices</a>, and otherwise must return the result of running
+ the following steps, using the method's argument as <var title="">index</var>:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">list</var> be the <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> objects representing the
+ <a href=#reported-mime-types>reported MIME types</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Sort <var title="">list</var> alphabetically by the <code title=dom-MimeType-type><a href=#dom-mimetype-type>type</a></code> of each <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the <var title="">index</var>th entry in <var title="">list</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>It is important <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=no-backref title="fingerprinting vector">for
+ privacy</a> that the order of MIME types not leak additional information, e.g. the order in
+ which plugins were installed.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> of a <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> object
+ are the values of the <code title=dom-MimeType-type><a href=#dom-mimetype-type>type</a></code> attributes of the
+ <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> objects representing the <a href=#reported-mime-types>reported MIME types</a>. The properties
+ exposed in this way must be <a href=#unenumerable>unenumerable</a>.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-plugin-nameditem title=dom-Plugin-namedItem><code>namedItem()</code></dfn> method of a <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> object must return null if the argument is not one of the
+ object's <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a>, and otherwise must return the
+ <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> object that has a <code title=dom-MimeType-type><a href=#dom-mimetype-type>type</a></code> equal to the
+ method's argument.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-plugin-name title=dom-Plugin-name><code>name</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>'s name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-plugin-description title=dom-Plugin-description><code>description</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-plugin-filename title=dom-Plugin-filename><code>filename</code></dfn> attributes must return user-agent-defined
+ (or, in all likelihood, <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>-defined) strings. In each case, the same string must
+ be returned each time, except that the strings returned may change when the <code title=dom-PluginArray-refresh><a href=#dom-pluginarray-refresh>PluginArray.refresh()</a></code> method updates the object.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>If the values returned by the <code title=dom-Plugin-description><a href=#dom-plugin-description>description</a></code> or <code title=dom-Plugin-filename><a href=#dom-plugin-filename>filename</a></code> attributes vary between versions of a
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>, they can be used both as a fingerprinting vector and, even more importantly,
+ as a trivial way to determine what security vulnerabilities a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> (and thus a
+ browser) may have. It is thus highly recommended that the <code title=dom-Plugin-description><a href=#dom-plugin-description>description</a></code> attribute just return the same value as the
+ <code title=dom-Plugin-name><a href=#dom-plugin-name>name</a></code> attribute, and that the <code title=dom-Plugin-filename><a href=#dom-plugin-filename>filename</a></code> attribute return the empty string.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> object represents a <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> that is, or was,
+ <a href=#explicitly-supported>explicitly supported</a> by a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code> objects created by a user agent must not be <a href=#live>live</a>. The
+ values of the objects' attributes must not change once an object is created, except when updated
+ by the <code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code> object's <code title=dom-PluginArray-refresh><a href=#dom-pluginarray-refresh>refresh()</a></code>
+ method.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mimetype-type title=dom-MimeType-type><code>type</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ <a href=#valid-mime-type-with-no-parameters>valid MIME type with no parameters</a> describing the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mimetype-description title=dom-MimeType-description><code>description</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-mimetype-suffixes title=dom-MimeType-suffixes><code>suffixes</code></dfn> attributes must return
+ user-agent-defined (or, in all likelihood, <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>-defined) strings. In each case, the
+ same string must be returned each time, except that the strings returned may change when the <code title=dom-PluginArray-refresh><a href=#dom-pluginarray-refresh>PluginArray.refresh()</a></code> method updates the object.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>If the values returned by the <code title=dom-MimeType-description><a href=#dom-mimetype-description>description</a></code> or <code title=dom-MimeType-suffixes><a href=#dom-mimetype-suffixes>suffxies</a></code> attributes vary between versions of a
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>, they can be used both as a fingerprinting vector and, even more importantly,
+ as a trivial way to determine what security vulnerabilities a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> (and thus a
+ browser) may have. It is thus highly recommended that the <code title=dom-MimeType-description><a href=#dom-mimetype-description>description</a></code> attribute just return the same value as the
+ <code title=dom-MimeType-type><a href=#dom-mimetype-type>type</a></code> attribute, and that the <code title=dom-MimeType-suffixes><a href=#dom-mimetype-suffixes>suffixes</a></code> attribute return the empty string.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p class=note>Commas in the <code title=dom-MimeType-suffixes><a href=#dom-mimetype-suffixes>suffixes</a></code> attribute are
+ interpreted as separating subsequent filename extensions, as in "<code title="">htm,html</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-mimetype-enabledplugin title=dom-MimeType-enabledPlugin><code>enabledPlugin</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the <code title=dom-Plugin><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code> object that represents the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>
+ that <a href=#explicitly-supported>explicitly supported</a> the <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> that this <code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code>
+ object represents when this object was last created or updated by <code title=dom-PluginArray-refresh><a href=#dom-pluginarray-refresh>PluginArray.refresh()</a></code>, whichever happened most
+ recently.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-navigator-javaenabled title=dom-navigator-javaEnabled><code>navigator.javaEnabled</code></dfn> attribute
+ must return true if the user agent supports a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> that supports the <a href=#mime-type>MIME
+ type</a> "<code title="">application/x-java-vm</code>"; otherwise it must return false.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-external-interface><span class=secno>8.6.2 </span>The <code><a href=#external>External</a></code> interface</h4>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-external title=dom-external><code>external</code></dfn> attribute of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ interface must return an instance of the <code><a href=#external>External</a></code> interface. The same object must be
+ returned each time.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=external>External</dfn> {
+ void <a href=#dom-external-addsearchprovider title=dom-external-AddSearchProvider>AddSearchProvider</a>(DOMString engineURL);
+ unsigned long <a href=#dom-external-issearchproviderinstalled title=dom-external-IsSearchProviderInstalled>IsSearchProviderInstalled</a>(DOMString engineURL);
+};</pre>
+
+ <p class=note>For historical reasons, members on this interface are capitalized.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-external><a href=#dom-external>external</a></code> . <code title=dom-external-AddSearchProvider><a href=#dom-external-addsearchprovider>AddSearchProvider</a></code>( <var title="">url</var> )</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds the search engine described by the OpenSearch description document at <var title="">url</var>. <a href=#refsOPENSEARCH>[OPENSEARCH]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The OpenSearch description document has to be on the same server as the script that calls
+ this method.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">installed</var> = <var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-external><a href=#dom-external>external</a></code> . <code title=dom-external-IsSearchProviderInstalled><a href=#dom-external-issearchproviderinstalled>IsSearchProviderInstalled</a></code>( <var title="">url</var> )</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a value based on comparing <var title="">url</var> to the URLs of the results pages
+ of the installed search engines.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>0 <dd>None of the installed search engines match <var title="">url</var>.
+ <dt>1 <dd>One or more installed search engines match <var title="">url</var>, but none are the user's default search engine.
+ <dt>2 <dd>The user's default search engine matches <var title="">url</var>.
+ </dl><p>The <var title="">url</var> is compared to the URLs of the results pages of the installed
+ search engines using a prefix match. Only results pages on the same domain as the script that
+ calls this method are checked.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>Another way of exposing search engines using OpenSearch description documents is
+ using a <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element with the <code title=rel-search><a href=#link-type-search>search</a></code> link type.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-external-addsearchprovider title=dom-external-AddSearchProvider><code>AddSearchProvider()</code></dfn> method,
+ when invoked, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Optionally, abort these steps. User agents may implement the method as a stub method that
+ never does anything, or may arbitrarily ignore invocations with particular arguments for
+ security, privacy, or usability reasons.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the value of the method's first argument
+ relative to the <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings
+ object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this fails, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Process the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> as the <a href=#url>URL</a> to an OpenSearch
+ description document. <a href=#refsOPENSEARCH>[OPENSEARCH]</a></li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-external-issearchproviderinstalled title=dom-external-IsSearchProviderInstalled><code>IsSearchProviderInstalled()</code></dfn>
+ method, when invoked, must run the following steps:
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Optionally, return 0 and abort these steps. User agents may implement the method as a
+ stub method that never returns a non-zero value, or may arbitrarily ignore invocations with
+ particular arguments for security, privacy, or usability reasons.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a> is an
+ opaque identifier (i.e. it has no host component), then return 0 and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">host1</var> be the host component of the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified
+ by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the <var title="">scriptURL</var> argument
+ relative to the <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings
+ object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this fails, return 0 and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">host2</var> be the <a href=#concept-url-host title=concept-url-host>host</a> component
+ of the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the longest suffix in the Public Suffix List that matches the end of <var title="">host1</var> is different than the longest suffix in the Public Suffix List that
+ matches the end of <var title="">host2</var>, then return 0 and abort these steps. <a href=#refsPSL>[PSL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If the next domain component of <var title="">host1</var> and <var title="">host2</var>
+ after their common suffix are not the same, then return 0 and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <!-- host1 is ascii here because origins are ascii. host2 is ascii because resolve urls
+ punycodes idna. -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">search engines</var> be the list of search engines known by the user
+ agent and made available to the user by the user agent for which the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> is a <a href=#prefix-match>prefix match</a> of the search engine's <a href=#url>URL</a>, if any. For
+ search engines registered using OpenSearch description documents, the <a href=#url>URL</a> of the
+ search engine corresponds to the URL given in a <code title="">Url</code> element whose <code title="">rel</code> attribute is "<code title="">results</code>" (the default). <a href=#refsOPENSEARCH>[OPENSEARCH]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">search engines</var> is empty, return 0 and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the user's default search engine (as determined by the user agent) is one of the
+ search engines in <var title="">search engines</var>, then return 2 and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return 1.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Canvas-->
+
+ <h3 id=images><span class=secno>8.7 </span>Images</h3>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-imagebitmap-width title=dom-ImageBitmap-width>width</a>;
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-imagebitmap-height title=dom-ImageBitmap-height>height</a>;
+};
+
+typedef (<a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a> or
+ <a href=#htmlvideoelement>HTMLVideoElement</a> or
+ <a href=#htmlcanvaselement>HTMLCanvasElement</a> or
+ <a href=#blob>Blob</a> or
+ <a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a> or
+ <a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a> or
+ <a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a>) <dfn id=imagebitmapsource>ImageBitmapSource</dfn>;
+
+[NoInterfaceObject, Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=imagebitmapfactories>ImageBitmapFactories</dfn> {
+ <a href=#promise>Promise</a> <a href=#dom-createimagebitmap title=dom-createImageBitmap>createImageBitmap</a>(<a href=#imagebitmapsource>ImageBitmapSource</a> image, optional long sx, long sy, long sw, long sh);
+};
+<a href=#window>Window</a> implements <a href=#imagebitmapfactories>ImageBitmapFactories</a>;
+<a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a> implements <a href=#imagebitmapfactories>ImageBitmapFactories</a>;</pre>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object represents a bitmap image that can be painted to a canvas
+ without undue latency.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The exact judgement of what is undue latency of this is left up to the
+ implementer, but in general if making use of the bitmap requires network I/O, or even local disk
+ I/O, then the latency is probably undue; whereas if it only requires a blocking read from a GPU or
+ system RAM, the latency is probably acceptable.</p>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">promise</var> = <var title="">Window</var> . <code title=dom-createImageBitmap><a href=#dom-createimagebitmap>createImageBitmap</a></code>(<var title="">image</var> [, <var title="">sx</var>, <var title="">sy</var>, <var title="">sw</var>, <var title="">sh</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Takes <var title="">image</var>, which can be an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element,
+ <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object, an
+ <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object, a <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object, or another
+ <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object, and returns a <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code> that is resolved when a
+ new <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> is created.</p>
+
+ <p>If no <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object can be constructed, for example because the provided
+ <var title="">image</var> data is not actually an image, then the promise is rejected instead.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">sx</var>, <var title="">sy</var>, <var title="">sw</var>, and <var title="">sh</var> arguments are provided, the source image is cropped to the given pixels, with
+ any pixels missing in the original replaced by transparent black. These coordinates are in the
+ source image's pixel coordinate space, <em>not</em> in CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception if the source image is not in a valid
+ state (e.g. an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element that hasn't finished loading, or a
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object whose bitmap data has zero length along one or both
+ dimensions, or an <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object whose data is <code title=dom-imagedata-data><a href=#dom-imagedata-data>data</a></code> attribute has been <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-Transferable-neutered>neutered</a>). Throws a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code>
+ exception if the script is not allowed to access the image data of the source image (e.g. a
+ <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> that is <a href=#cors-cross-origin>CORS-cross-origin</a>, or a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> being drawn
+ on by a script in a worker from another <a href=#origin>origin</a>).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">imageBitmap</var> . <code title=dom-ImageBitmap-width><a href=#dom-imagebitmap-width>width</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the intrinsic width of the image, in CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">imageBitmap</var> . <code title=dom-ImageBitmap-height><a href=#dom-imagebitmap-height>height</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the intrinsic height of the image, in CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object always has associated bitmap data, with a width and a
+ height. However, it is possible for this data to be corrupted. If an <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code>
+ object's media data can be decoded without errors, it is said to be <dfn id=concept-imagebitmap-good title=concept-ImageBitmap-good>fully decodable</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object can be obtained from a variety of different objects, using
+ the <dfn id=dom-createimagebitmap title=dom-createImageBitmap><code>createImageBitmap()</code></dfn> method. When invoked, the
+ method must act as follows:</p>
+ <!-- the canvas createPattern() and drawImage() methods have similar requirements -->
+
+ <dl><dt>If <var title="">image</var> is an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If either the <var title="">sw</var> or <var title="">sh</var> arguments are specified
+ but zero, throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element is not <a href=#img-all title=img-all>completely
+ available</a>, then throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's image is not the <a href=#same-origin>same
+ origin</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>,
+ then throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element's media data is not a bitmap (e.g. it's a vector
+ graphic), then throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object's bitmap data be a copy of the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>
+ element's media data, <a href=#cropped-to-the-source-rectangle>cropped to the source rectangle</a>. If this is an animated
+ image, the <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object's bitmap data must only be taken from the default
+ image of the animation (the one that the format defines is to be used when animation is not
+ supported or is disabled), or, if there is no such image, the first frame of the
+ animation.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return a new <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>, but continue running these steps
+ asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-resolver-fulfill title=concept-resolver-fulfill>Fulfill</a> the <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>'s
+ associated <a href=#concept-resolver title=concept-resolver>resolver</a>, with the new
+ <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object as the value.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">image</var> is a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If either the <var title="">sw</var> or <var title="">sh</var> arguments are specified
+ but zero, throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element's <code title=dom-media-networkState><a href=#dom-media-networkstate>networkState</a></code> attribute is <code title=dom-media-NETWORK_EMPTY><a href=#dom-media-network_empty>NETWORK_EMPTY</a></code>, then throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element is not the <a href=#same-origin>same
+ origin</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>,
+ then throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element's <code title=dom-media-readyState><a href=#dom-media-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is either <code title=dom-media-HAVE_NOTHING><a href=#dom-media-have_nothing>HAVE_NOTHING</a></code> or <code title=dom-media-HAVE_METADATA><a href=#dom-media-have_metadata>HAVE_METADATA</a></code>, then throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object's bitmap data be a copy of the frame at the
+ <a href=#current-playback-position>current playback position</a>, at the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>'s <a href=#concept-video-intrinsic-width title=concept-video-intrinsic-width>intrinsic width</a> and <a href=#concept-video-intrinsic-height title=concept-video-intrinsic-height>intrinsic height</a> (i.e. after any aspect-ratio
+ correction has been applied), <a href=#cropped-to-the-source-rectangle>cropped to the source rectangle</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Return a new <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>, but continue running these steps
+ asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-resolver-fulfill title=concept-resolver-fulfill>Fulfill</a> the <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>'s
+ associated <a href=#concept-resolver title=concept-resolver>resolver</a>, with the new
+ <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object as the value.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">image</var> is a <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If either the <var title="">sw</var> or <var title="">sh</var> arguments are specified
+ but zero, throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's bitmap data does not have its <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag set, then throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's bitmap has either a horizontal dimension or a
+ vertical dimension equal to zero, then throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object's bitmap data be a copy of the
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element's bitmap data, <a href=#cropped-to-the-source-rectangle>cropped to the source
+ rectangle</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return a new <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>, but continue running these steps asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-resolver-fulfill title=concept-resolver-fulfill>Fulfill</a> the <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>'s
+ associated <a href=#concept-resolver title=concept-resolver>resolver</a>, with the new
+ <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object as the value.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">image</var> is a <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If either the <var title="">sw</var> or <var title="">sh</var> arguments are specified
+ but zero, throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object has been disabled through the <code title=dom-Blob-close><a href=#dom-blob-close>close()</a></code> method, then throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code>
+ exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return a new <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>, but continue running these steps asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Read the <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object's data. If an <a href=#file-error-read title=file-error-read>error
+ occurs during reading of the object</a>, then <a href=#concept-resolver-reject title=concept-resolver-reject>reject</a> the <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>'s associated <a href=#concept-resolver title=concept-resolver>resolver</a>, with null as the value, and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Apply the <a href=#content-type-sniffing:-image title="Content-Type sniffing: image">image sniffing rules</a> to
+ determine the file format of the image data, with MIME type of the <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> (as given
+ by the <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object's <code title=dom-Blob-type><a href=#dom-blob-type>type</a></code> attribute) giving the
+ official type.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the image data is not in a supported file format (e.g. it's not actually an image at
+ all), or if the image data is corrupted in some fatal way such that the image dimensions cannot
+ be obtained, then <a href=#concept-resolver-reject title=concept-resolver-reject>reject</a> the
+ <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>'s associated <a href=#concept-resolver title=concept-resolver>resolver</a>, with null as
+ the value, and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object's bitmap data be the image data read from the
+ <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object, <a href=#cropped-to-the-source-rectangle>cropped to the source rectangle</a>. If this is an animated
+ image, the <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object's bitmap data must only be taken from the default
+ image of the animation (the one that the format defines is to be used when animation is not
+ supported or is disabled), or, if there is no such image, the first frame of the
+ animation.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-resolver-fulfill title=concept-resolver-fulfill>Fulfill</a> the <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>'s
+ associated <a href=#concept-resolver title=concept-resolver>resolver</a>, with the new
+ <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object as the value.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">image</var> is an <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If either the <var title="">sw</var> or <var title="">sh</var> arguments are specified
+ but zero, throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">image</var> object's <code title=dom-imagedata-data><a href=#dom-imagedata-data>data</a></code>
+ attribute has been <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-Transferable-neutered>neutered</a>, throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object's bitmap data be the image data given by the
+ <code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code> object, <a href=#cropped-to-the-source-rectangle>cropped to the source rectangle</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return a new <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>, but continue running these steps asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-resolver-fulfill title=concept-resolver-fulfill>Fulfill</a> the <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>'s
+ associated <a href=#concept-resolver title=concept-resolver>resolver</a>, with the new
+ <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object as the value.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">image</var> is a <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If either the <var title="">sw</var> or <var title="">sh</var> arguments are specified
+ but zero, throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> does
+ not have its <a href=#concept-canvas-origin-clean title=concept-canvas-origin-clean>origin-clean</a> flag set, then throw
+ an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a> has
+ either a horizontal dimension or a vertical dimension equal to zero, then throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object's bitmap data be a copy of the
+ <code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code> object's <a href=#scratch-bitmap>scratch bitmap</a>, <a href=#cropped-to-the-source-rectangle>cropped to
+ the source rectangle</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return a new <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>, but continue running these steps
+ asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-resolver-fulfill title=concept-resolver-fulfill>Fulfill</a> the <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>'s
+ associated <a href=#concept-resolver title=concept-resolver>resolver</a>, with the new
+ <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object as the value.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">image</var> is an <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If either the <var title="">sw</var> or <var title="">sh</var> arguments are specified
+ but zero, throw an <code><a href=#indexsizeerror>IndexSizeError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object's bitmap data be a copy of the <var title="">image</var> argument's bitmap data, <a href=#cropped-to-the-source-rectangle>cropped to the source
+ rectangle</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return a new <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>, but continue running these steps
+ asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-resolver-fulfill title=concept-resolver-fulfill>Fulfill</a> the <code><a href=#promise>Promise</a></code>'s
+ associated <a href=#concept-resolver title=concept-resolver>resolver</a>, with the new
+ <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object as the value.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+
+ </dl><p>When the steps above require that the user agent <dfn id=cropped-to-the-source-rectangle title="cropped to the source
+ rectangle">crop bitmap data to the source rectangle</dfn>, the user agent must run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the image data being cropped.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">sx</var>, <var title="">sy</var>, <var title="">sw</var>, and <var title="">sh</var> arguments are omitted, return <var title="">input</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Place <var title="">input</var> on an infinite transparent black grid plane, positioned so
+ that it's top left corner is at the origin of the plane, with the <var title="">x</var>-coordinate increasing to the right, and the <var title="">y</var>-coordinate
+ increasing down, and with each pixel in the <var title="">input</var> image data occupying a cell
+ on the plane's grid.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">output</var> be the rectangle on the plane denoted by the rectangle whose
+ corners are the four points (<var title="">sx</var>, <var title="">sy</var>), (<span title=""><var title="">sx</var>+<var title="">sw</var></span>, <var title="">sy</var>), (<span title=""><var title="">sx</var>+<var title="">sw</var></span>, <span title=""><var title="">sy</var>+<var title="">sh</var></span>), (<var title="">sx</var>, <span title=""><var title="">sy</var>+<var title="">sh</var></span>).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If either <var title="">sw</var> or <var title="">sh</var> are negative, then
+ the top-left corner of this rectangle will be to the left or above the (<var title="">sx</var>,
+ <var title="">sy</var>) point. If any of the pixels on this rectangle are outside the area where
+ the <var title="">input</var> bitmap was placed, then they will be transparent black in <var title="">output</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">output</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-imagebitmap-width title=dom-ImageBitmap-width><code>width</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object's width, in CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-imagebitmap-height title=dom-ImageBitmap-height><code>height</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ <code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code> object's height, in CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Using this API, a sprite sheet can be precut and prepared:</p>
+
+ <pre>var sprites = {};
+function loadMySprites() {
+ var image = new Image();
+ image.src = 'mysprites.png';
+ var resolver;
+ var promise = new Promise(function (arg) { resolver = arg });
+ image.onload = function () {
+ resolver.resolve(Promise.every(
+ createImageBitmap(image, 0, 0, 40, 40).then(function (image) { sprites.woman = image }),
+ createImageBitmap(image, 40, 0, 40, 40).then(function (image) { sprites.man = image }),
+ createImageBitmap(image, 80, 0, 40, 40).then(function (image) { sprites.tree = image }),
+ createImageBitmap(image, 0, 40, 40, 40).then(function (image) { sprites.hut = image }),
+ createImageBitmap(image, 40, 40, 40, 40).then(function (image) { sprites.apple = image }),
+ createImageBitmap(image, 80, 40, 40, 40).then(function (image) { sprites.snake = image }),
+ ));
+ };
+ return promise;
+}
+
+function runDemo() {
+ var canvas = document.querySelector('canvas#demo');
+ var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
+ context.drawImage(sprites.tree, 30, 10);
+ context.drawImage(sprites.snake, 70, 10);
+}
+
+loadMySprites().then(runDemo);</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:DOM APIs-->
+
+ <h2 id=comms><span class=secno>9 </span>Communication</h2>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=the-messageevent-interfaces><span class=secno>9.1 </span>The <code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code> interfaces</h3>
+
+ <p>Messages in <a href=#server-sent-events>server-sent events</a>, <a href=#network>Web sockets</a>, <a href=#web-messaging>cross-document
+ messaging</a>, <a href=#channel-messaging>channel messaging</a>, and <a href=#broadcasting-to-other-browsing-contexts>broadcast channels</a> use the
+ <code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code> interface for their <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code>
+ events:</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Constructor(DOMString type, optional <a href=#messageeventinit>MessageEventInit</a> eventInitDict), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=messageevent>MessageEvent</dfn> : <a href=#event>Event</a> {
+ readonly attribute any <a href=#dom-messageevent-data title=dom-MessageEvent-data>data</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-messageevent-origin title=dom-MessageEvent-origin>origin</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-messageevent-lasteventid title=dom-MessageEvent-lastEventId>lastEventId</a>;
+ readonly attribute (<a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a> or <a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a>)? <a href=#dom-messageevent-source title=dom-MessageEvent-source>source</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a>[]? <a href=#dom-messageevent-ports title=dom-MessageEvent-ports>ports</a>;
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=messageeventinit>MessageEventInit</dfn> : <a href=#eventinit>EventInit</a> {
+ any data;
+ DOMString origin;
+ DOMString lastEventId;
+ DOMString channel;
+ (<a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a> or <a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a>)? source;
+ sequence&lt;<a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a>&gt; ports;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data><a href=#dom-messageevent-data>data</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the data of the message.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-MessageEvent-origin><a href=#dom-messageevent-origin>origin</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the origin of the message, for <a href=#server-sent-events>server-sent events</a> and
+ <a href=#web-messaging>cross-document messaging</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-MessageEvent-lastEventId><a href=#dom-messageevent-lasteventid>lastEventId</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <a href=#concept-event-stream-last-event-id title=concept-event-stream-last-event-id>last event ID string</a>, for
+ <a href=#server-sent-events>server-sent events</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-MessageEvent-source><a href=#dom-messageevent-source>source</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> of the source window, for <a href=#web-messaging>cross-document
+ messaging</a>, and the <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> being attached, in the <code title=event-WorkerGlobalScope-connect><a href=#event-workerglobalscope-connect>connect</a></code> event fired at
+ <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> objects.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">event</var> . <code title=dom-MessageEvent-ports><a href=#dom-messageevent-ports>ports</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> array sent with the message, for <a href=#web-messaging>cross-document
+ messaging</a> and <a href=#channel-messaging>channel messaging</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-messageevent-data title=dom-MessageEvent-data><code>data</code></dfn> attribute must return the value
+ it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to null. It
+ represents the message being sent.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-messageevent-origin title=dom-MessageEvent-origin><code>origin</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to the
+ empty string. It represents, in <a href=#server-sent-events>server-sent events</a> and <a href=#web-messaging>cross-document
+ messaging</a>, the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the document that sent the message (typically the
+ scheme, hostname, and port of the document, but not its path or fragment identifier).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-messageevent-lasteventid title=dom-MessageEvent-lastEventId><code>lastEventId</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be
+ initialised to the empty string. It represents, in <a href=#server-sent-events>server-sent events</a>, the <a href=#concept-event-stream-last-event-id title=concept-event-stream-last-event-id>last event ID string</a> of the event source.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-messageevent-source title=dom-MessageEvent-source><code>source</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to
+ null. It represents, in <a href=#web-messaging>cross-document messaging</a>, the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> of the
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object from which the message came; and
+ in the <code title=event-WorkerGlobalScope-connect><a href=#event-workerglobalscope-connect>connect</a></code> events used by <a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope title=SharedWorkerGlobalScope>shared workers</a>, the newly connecting
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-messageevent-ports title=dom-MessageEvent-ports><code>ports</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to
+ null<!-- a <span title="dfn-read-only-array">read only</span> empty array-->. It represents, in
+ <a href=#web-messaging>cross-document messaging</a> and <a href=#channel-messaging>channel messaging</a>, the
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> array being sent, if any.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=server-sent-events><span class=secno>9.2 </span><dfn>Server-sent events</dfn></h3>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=server-sent-events-intro><span class=secno>9.2.1 </span>Introduction</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>To enable servers to push data to Web pages over HTTP or using dedicated server-push protocols,
+ this specification introduces the <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ <p>Using this API consists of creating an <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object and registering an event
+ listener.</p>
+
+ <pre>var source = new EventSource('updates.cgi');
+source.onmessage = function (event) {
+ alert(event.data);
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>On the server-side, the script ("<code title="">updates.cgi</code>" in this case) sends
+ messages in the following form, with the <code><a href=#text/event-stream>text/event-stream</a></code> MIME type:</p>
+
+ <pre>data: This is the first message.
+
+data: This is the second message, it
+data: has two lines.
+
+data: This is the third message.</pre>
+
+ <hr><p>Authors can separate events by using different event types. Here is a stream that has two event
+ types, "add" and "remove":</p>
+
+ <pre>event: add
+data: 73857293
+
+event: remove
+data: 2153
+
+event: add
+data: 113411</pre>
+
+ <p>The script to handle such a stream would look like this (where <code title="">addHandler</code>
+ and <code title="">removeHandler</code> are functions that take one argument, the event):</p>
+
+ <pre>var source = new EventSource('updates.cgi');
+source.addEventListener('add', addHandler, false);
+source.addEventListener('remove', removeHandler, false);</pre>
+
+ <p>The default event type is "message".</p>
+
+ <p>Event streams are always decoded as UTF-8. There is no way to specify another character
+ encoding.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Event stream requests can be redirected using HTTP 301 and 307 redirects as with normal HTTP
+ requests. Clients will reconnect if the connection is closed; a client can be told to stop
+ reconnecting using the HTTP 204 No Content response code.</p>
+
+ <p>Using this API rather than emulating it using <code><a href=#xmlhttprequest>XMLHttpRequest</a></code> or an
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> allows the user agent to make better use of network resources in cases where
+ the user agent implementor and the network operator are able to coordinate in advance. Amongst
+ other benefits, this can result in significant savings in battery life on portable devices. This
+ is discussed further in the section below on <a href=#eventsource-push>connectionless
+ push</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-eventsource-interface><span class=secno>9.2.2 </span>The <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> interface</h4>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[<a href=#dom-eventsource title=dom-EventSource>Constructor</a>(DOMString url, optional <a href=#eventsourceinit>EventSourceInit</a> eventSourceInitDict), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=eventsource>EventSource</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-eventsource-url title=dom-EventSource-url>url</a>;
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-eventsource-withcredentials title=dom-EventSource-withCredentials>withCredentials</a>;
+
+ // ready state
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-eventsource-connecting title=dom-EventSource-CONNECTING>CONNECTING</a> = 0;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-eventsource-open title=dom-EventSource-OPEN>OPEN</a> = 1;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-eventsource-closed title=dom-EventSource-CLOSED>CLOSED</a> = 2;
+ readonly attribute unsigned short <a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate title=dom-EventSource-readyState>readyState</a>;
+
+ // networking
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-eventsource-onopen title=handler-EventSource-onopen>onopen</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-eventsource-onmessage title=handler-EventSource-onmessage>onmessage</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-eventsource-onerror title=handler-EventSource-onerror>onerror</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-eventsource-close title=dom-EventSource-close>close</a>();
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=eventsourceinit>EventSourceInit</dfn> {
+ boolean <dfn id=dom-eventsourceinit-withcredentials title=dom-EventSourceInit-withCredentials>withCredentials</dfn> = false;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-eventsource title=dom-EventSource><code>EventSource()</code></dfn> constructor takes one or two
+ arguments. The first specifies the <a href=#url>URL</a> to which to connect. The second specifies the
+ settings, if any, in the form of an <code><a href=#eventsourceinit>EventSourceInit</a></code> dictionary. When the
+ <code>EventSource()</code> constructor is invoked, the UA must run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the <a href=#url>URL</a> specified in the first
+ argument, relative to the <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings
+ object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the previous step failed, then throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">CORS mode</var> be <a href=#attr-crossorigin-anonymous title=attr-crossorigin-anonymous>Anonymous</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the second argument is present, and the <code title=dom-EventSourceInit-withCredentials><a href=#dom-eventsourceinit-withcredentials>withCredentials</a></code> dictionary member has the
+ value true, then set <var title="">CORS mode</var> to <a href=#attr-crossorigin-use-credentials title=attr-crossorigin-use-credentials>Use Credentials</a> and initialise the new
+ <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object's <code title=dom-EventSource-withCredentials><a href=#dom-eventsource-withcredentials>withCredentials</a></code> attribute to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the new <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object, but continue these steps
+ asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><!-- if you change this, don't forget to update the reconnecting fetch lower down as well! -->
+
+ <p>Do a <a href=#potentially-cors-enabled-fetch>potentially CORS-enabled fetch</a><!--FETCH--> of the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> using the <a href=#api-referrer-source>API referrer source</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings
+ object</a>, with the <i>mode</i> being <var title="">CORS mode</var>, and the <i title="">origin</i> being the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings
+ object</a><!--, and the <i>default origin behaviour</i> set to <i>fail</i> (though it has no
+ effect in the "Anonymous" and "Use Credentials" modes)-->, and process the resource obtained in
+ this fashion, if any, as described below.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The definition of the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching</a> algorithm (which is
+ used by CORS) is such that if the browser is already fetching the resource identified by the
+ given <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, that connection can be reused, instead of a new connection
+ being established. All messages received up to this point are dispatched immediately, in this
+ case.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-eventsource-url title=dom-EventSource-url><code>url</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> that resulted from <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> the
+ value that was passed to the constructor.</p> <!-- not the result of redirects, since that would
+ introduce race conditions -->
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-eventsource-withcredentials title=dom-EventSource-withCredentials><code>withCredentials</code></dfn> attribute
+ must return the value to which it was last initialized. When the object is created, it must be
+ initialised to false.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-eventsource-readystate title=dom-EventSource-readyState><code>readyState</code></dfn> attribute represents
+ the state of the connection. It can have the following values:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-eventsource-connecting title=dom-EventSource-CONNECTING><code>CONNECTING</code></dfn> (numeric value 0)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The connection has not yet been established, or it was closed and the user agent is
+ reconnecting.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-eventsource-open title=dom-EventSource-OPEN><code>OPEN</code></dfn> (numeric value 1)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The user agent has an open connection and is dispatching events as it receives them.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-eventsource-closed title=dom-EventSource-CLOSED><code>CLOSED</code></dfn> (numeric value 2)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The connection is not open, and the user agent is not trying to reconnect. Either there was a
+ fatal error or the <code title=dom-EventSource-close><a href=#dom-eventsource-close>close()</a></code> method was invoked.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the object is created its <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> must
+ be set to <code title=dom-EventSource-CONNECTING><a href=#dom-eventsource-connecting>CONNECTING</a></code> (0). The rules given below
+ for handling the connection define when the value changes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-eventsource-close title=dom-EventSource-close><code>close()</code></dfn> method must abort any
+ instances of the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm started for this <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object,
+ and must set the <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute to <code title=dom-EventSource-CLOSED><a href=#dom-eventsource-closed>CLOSED</a></code>.</p> <!-- this also causes all the message events to
+ stop firing, even if they were queued before close() was called -->
+
+ <p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) that must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event
+ handler IDL attributes</a>, by all objects implementing the <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code>
+ interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-eventsource-onopen title=handler-EventSource-onopen><code>onopen</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-open><a href=#event-open>open</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-eventsource-onmessage title=handler-EventSource-onmessage><code>onmessage</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-eventsource-onerror title=handler-EventSource-onerror><code>onerror</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code>
+ </table><hr><p>In addition to the above, each <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object has the following associated
+ with it:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>A <dfn id=concept-event-stream-reconnection-time title=concept-event-stream-reconnection-time>reconnection time</dfn>, in
+ milliseconds. This must initially be a user-agent-defined value, probably in the region of a few
+ seconds.</li>
+
+ <li>A <dfn id=concept-event-stream-last-event-id title=concept-event-stream-last-event-id>last event ID string</dfn>. This must
+ initially be the empty string.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>These values are not currently exposed on the interface.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=processing-model-8><span class=secno>9.2.3 </span>Processing model</h4>
+
+ <p>The resource indicated in the argument to the <code title=dom-EventSource><a href=#dom-eventsource>EventSource</a></code>
+ constructor is <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetched</a> when the constructor is run.</p>
+
+ <p>For HTTP connections, the <code title="">Accept</code> header may be included; if included, it
+ must contain only formats of event framing that are supported by the user agent (one of which must
+ be <code><a href=#text/event-stream>text/event-stream</a></code>, as described below).</p>
+
+ <p>If the event source's <a href=#concept-event-stream-last-event-id title=concept-event-stream-last-event-id>last event ID
+ string</a> is not the empty string, then a <code title=http-last-event-id><a href=#last-event-id>Last-Event-ID</a></code> HTTP header must be included with the request,
+ whose value is the value of the event source's <a href=#concept-event-stream-last-event-id title=concept-event-stream-last-event-id>last event ID string</a>, encoded as UTF-8.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should use the <code>Cache-Control: no-cache</code> header in requests to bypass
+ any caches for requests of event sources. (This header is not a <a href=#custom-request-headers title="custom request
+ headers">custom request header</a>, so the user agent will still use the CORS <a href=#simple-cross-origin-request>simple
+ cross-origin request</a> mechanism.) User agents should ignore HTTP cache headers in the
+ response, never caching event sources.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>As data is received, the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> queued by the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking
+ task source</a> to handle the data must act as follows.</p>
+
+ <p>HTTP 200 OK responses with a <a href=#content-type>Content-Type</a> header specifying the type
+ <code><a href=#text/event-stream>text/event-stream</a></code>, ignoring any <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> parameters, must be processed
+ line by line <a href=#event-stream-interpretation>as described below</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a successful response with a supported <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> is received, such that the
+ user agent begins parsing the contents of the stream, the user agent must <a href=#announce-the-connection>announce the
+ connection</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> that the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a> places
+ on the <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a> once the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching algorithm</a> for such a
+ resource (with the correct <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a>) has completed must cause the user agent to
+ asynchronously <a href=#reestablish-the-connection>reestablish the connection</a>. This applies whether the connection is
+ closed gracefully or unexpectedly (but does not apply when the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm is
+ canceled by the user agent, e.g. in response to <code title=dom-window-stop><a href=#dom-window-stop>window.stop()</a></code>,
+ since in those cases the final <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> is actually discarded).
+ It doesn't apply for the error conditions listed below except
+ where explicitly specified.</p>
+
+ <p>HTTP 200 OK responses that have a <a href=#content-type>Content-Type</a> specifying an unsupported type, or
+ that have no <a href=#content-type>Content-Type</a> at all, must cause the user agent to <a href=#fail-the-connection>fail the
+ connection</a>.</p> <!-- about:blank is defined as having no MIME type -->
+
+ <p>HTTP 305 Use Proxy, 401 Unauthorized, and 407 Proxy Authentication Required should be treated
+ transparently as for any other subresource.</p>
+
+ <p>HTTP 301 Moved Permanently, 302 Found, 303 See Other, and 307 Temporary Redirect responses are
+ handled by the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetching</a> and CORS algorithms. In the case of 301
+ redirects, the user agent must also remember the new URL so that subsequent requests for this
+ resource for this <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object start with the URL given for the last 301 seen
+ for requests for this object.</p>
+
+ <p id=event-source-network-errors-reconnect>Network errors that prevents the connection from
+ being established in the first place (e.g. DNS errors), must cause the user agent to
+ asynchronously <a href=#reestablish-the-connection>reestablish the connection</a>.</p>
+
+ <p id=event-source-fail-reasons>Any other HTTP response code not listed here, as well as the
+ cancelation of the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm by the user agent (e.g. in response to <code title=dom-window-stop><a href=#dom-window-stop>window.stop()</a></code> or the user canceling the network connection
+ manually) must cause the user agent to <a href=#fail-the-connection>fail the connection</a>.</p> <!-- including: HTTP
+ 201 Created, 202 Accepted, 203 Non-Authoritative Information, 204 No Content, 205 Reset Content,
+ 206 Partial Content, 300 Multiple Choices, 304 Not Modified, 400 Bad Request, 403 Forbidden, 404
+ Not Found, 405 Method Not Allowed, 406 Not Acceptable, 408 Request Timeout, 409 Conflict, 410
+ Gone, 411 Length Required, 412 Precondition Failed, 413 Request Entity Too Large, 414 Request-URI
+ Too Long, 415 Unsupported Media Type, 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable, 417 Expectation Failed,
+ HTTP 500 Internal Server Error, 501 Not Implemented, 502 Bad Gateway, 503 Service Unavailable, and
+ 504 Gateway Timeout responses, and 505 HTTP Version Not Supported responses --> <!-- mailto: is
+ defined as equivalent to HTTP 204 -->
+
+ <p>For non-HTTP protocols, UAs should act in equivalent ways.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=announce-the-connection>announce the connection</dfn>, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> which, if the <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is
+ set to a value other than <code title=dom-EventSource-CLOSED><a href=#dom-eventsource-closed>CLOSED</a></code>, sets the <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute to <code title=dom-EventSource-OPEN><a href=#dom-eventsource-open>OPEN</a></code> and <a href=#fire-a-simple-event title="fire a simple event">fires a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-open><a href=#event-open>open</a></code> at the <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code>
+ object.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=reestablish-the-connection>reestablish the connection</dfn>, the user agent must run the
+ following steps. These steps are run asynchronously, not as part of a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a>. (The tasks that it queues, of course, are run like normal tasks
+ and not asynchronously.)</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is set to
+ <code title=dom-EventSource-CLOSED><a href=#dom-eventsource-closed>CLOSED</a></code>, abort the task.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute to <code title=dom-EventSource-CONNECTING><a href=#dom-eventsource-connecting>CONNECTING</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait a delay equal to the reconnection time of the event source.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Optionally, wait some more. In particular, if the previous attempt failed, then user
+ agents might introduce an exponential backoff delay to avoid overloading a potentially already
+ overloaded server. Alternatively, if the operating system has reported that there is no network
+ connectivity, user agents might wait for the operating system to announce that the network
+ connection has returned before retrying.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait until the aforementioned task has run, if it has not yet run.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is not set
+ to <code title=dom-EventSource-CONNECTING><a href=#dom-eventsource-connecting>CONNECTING</a></code>, abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Perform a <a href=#potentially-cors-enabled-fetch>potentially CORS-enabled fetch</a><!--FETCH--> of the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> of the event source resource, using the same <i><a href=#referrer-source>referrer source</a></i>, and with the
+ same <i>mode</i><!--, <i>default origin behaviour</i>,--> and <i title="">origin</i>, as those
+ used in the original request triggered by the <code title=dom-EventSource><a href=#dom-eventsource>EventSource()</a></code> constructor, and process the resource obtained in
+ this fashion, if any, as described earlier in this section.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=fail-the-connection>fail the connection</dfn>, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> which, if the <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is
+ set to a value other than <code title=dom-EventSource-CLOSED><a href=#dom-eventsource-closed>CLOSED</a></code>, sets the <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute to <code title=dom-EventSource-CLOSED><a href=#dom-eventsource-closed>CLOSED</a></code> and <a href=#fire-a-simple-event title="fire a simple event">fires a simple
+ event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at the <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object.
+ <strong>Once the user agent has <a href=#fail-the-connection title="fail the connection">failed the connection</a>, it
+ does <em>not</em> attempt to reconnect!</strong></p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> that are <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> by <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> objects is the <dfn id=remote-event-task-source>remote event
+ task source</dfn>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=parsing-an-event-stream><span class=secno>9.2.4 </span>Parsing an event stream</h4>
+
+ <p>This event stream format's <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> is <code><a href=#text/event-stream>text/event-stream</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The event stream format is as described by the <code title="">stream</code> production of the
+ following ABNF, the character set for which is Unicode. <a href=#refsABNF>[ABNF]</a></p>
+
+ <pre>stream = [ bom ] *event
+event = *( comment / field ) end-of-line
+comment = colon *any-char end-of-line
+field = 1*name-char [ colon [ space ] *any-char ] end-of-line
+end-of-line = ( cr lf / cr / lf )
+
+; characters
+lf = %x000A ; U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
+cr = %x000D ; U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)
+space = %x0020 ; U+0020 SPACE
+colon = %x003A ; U+003A COLON (:)
+bom = %xFEFF ; U+FEFF BYTE ORDER MARK
+name-char = %x0000-0009 / %x000B-000C / %x000E-0039 / %x003B-10FFFF
+ ; a <a href=#unicode-character>Unicode character</a> other than U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+003A COLON (:)
+any-char = %x0000-0009 / %x000B-000C / %x000E-10FFFF
+ ; a <a href=#unicode-character>Unicode character</a> other than U+000A LINE FEED (LF) or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</pre>
+
+ <p>Event streams in this format must always be encoded as UTF-8. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Lines must be separated by either a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN U+000A LINE FEED (CRLF) character
+ pair, a single U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character, or a single U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)
+ character.</p>
+
+ <p>Since connections established to remote servers for such resources are expected to be
+ long-lived, UAs should ensure that appropriate buffering is used. In particular, while line
+ buffering with lines are defined to end with a single U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character is safe,
+ block buffering or line buffering with different expected line endings can cause delays in event
+ dispatch.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=event-stream-interpretation><span class=secno>9.2.5 </span>Interpreting an event stream</h4>
+
+ <p>Streams must be decoded using the <a href=#utf-8-decode>UTF-8 decode</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#utf-8-decode>UTF-8 decode</a> algorithm strips one leading UTF-8 Byte Order Mark
+ (BOM), if any.</p>
+
+ <p>The stream must then be parsed by reading everything line by line, with a U+000D CARRIAGE
+ RETURN U+000A LINE FEED (CRLF) character pair, a single U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character not
+ preceded by a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) character, and a single U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)
+ character not followed by a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character being the ways in which a line can
+ end.</p>
+
+ <p>When a stream is parsed, a <var title="">data</var> buffer, an <var title="">event type</var>
+ buffer, and a <var title="">last event ID</var> buffer must be associated with it. They must be
+ initialised to the empty string</p>
+
+ <p>Lines must be processed, in the order they are received, as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the line is empty (a blank line)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p><a href=#dispatchMessage>Dispatch the event</a>, as defined below.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the line starts with a U+003A COLON character (:)</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Ignore the line.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the line contains a U+003A COLON character (:)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Collect the characters on the line before the first U+003A COLON character (:), and let <var title="">field</var> be that string.</p>
+
+ <p>Collect the characters on the line after the first U+003A COLON character (:), and let <var title="">value</var> be that string. If <var title="">value</var> starts with a U+0020 SPACE
+ character, remove it from <var title="">value</var>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#processField>Process the field</a> using the steps described below, using <var title="">field</var> as the field name and <var title="">value</var> as the field value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise, the string is not empty but does not contain a U+003A COLON character (:)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#processField>Process the field</a> using the steps described below, using the
+ whole line as the field name, and the empty string as the field value.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Once the end of the file is reached, any pending data must be discarded. (If the file ends in
+ the middle of an event, before the final empty line, the incomplete event is not dispatched.)</p>
+
+ <hr><p id=processField>The steps to <dfn title="">process the field</dfn> given a field name and a
+ field value depend on the field name, as given in the following list. Field names must be compared
+ literally, with no case folding performed.</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the field name is "event"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Set the <var title="">event type</var> buffer to field value.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the field name is "data"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Append the field value to the <var title="">data</var> buffer, then append a single U+000A
+ LINE FEED (LF) character to the <var title="">data</var> buffer.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the field name is "id"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Set the <var title="">last event ID</var> buffer to the field value.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the field name is "retry"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>If the field value consists of only <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, then interpret the field
+ value as an integer in base ten, and set the event stream's <a href=#concept-event-stream-reconnection-time title=concept-event-stream-reconnection-time>reconnection time</a> to that integer.
+ Otherwise, ignore the field.</dd>
+
+ <!-- v2 feature request from Per-Erik Brodin:
+ > > > Finally, it could be useful to be able to reset the reconnection
+ > > > time to the user agent default value by sending the retry field only
+ > > > and leave out the value similar to how you reset the last event id.
+ > >
+ > > What's the use case?
+ >
+ > Take the stock ticker as an example. When the stock market closes the
+ > server logic knows that there won't be any new events for a number of
+ > hours and so it can send the corresponding reconnection time and close
+ > the connection. If the client is still running by the time the market
+ > opens, it will reconnect, and the server can now reset the reconnection
+ > time to a time that is convenient for the user agent (which is the user
+ > agent default value, unknown to the server).
+ -->
+
+<!-- v2 feature request from John Fallows - http://www.w3.org/mid/c5b3a7130810271238h11e40a4fybfcd5983ed5dc08d@mail.gmail.com
+
+ <dt>If the field name is "reconnect"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>If the field value is the empty string, then: <span>dispatch the
+ event</span> as defined below, and then drop the connection and immediately reconnect as if the
+ <span title="concept-event-stream-reconnection-time">reconnection time</span> was zero for this
+ one time.</p></dd>
+
+ -->
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The field is ignored.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=dispatchMessage>dispatch the
+ event</dfn>, the user agent must process the <var title="">data</var> buffer, the <var title="">event type</var> buffer, and the <var title="">last event ID</var> buffer using steps
+ appropriate for the user agent.</p>
+
+ <p>For Web browsers, the appropriate steps to <a href=#dispatchMessage>dispatch the event</a> are as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <a href=#concept-event-stream-last-event-id title=concept-event-stream-last-event-id>last event ID string</a> of
+ the event source to the value of the <var title="">last event ID</var> buffer. The buffer does
+ not get reset, so the <a href=#concept-event-stream-last-event-id title=concept-event-stream-last-event-id>last event ID
+ string</a> of the event source remains set to this value until the next time it is set by the
+ server.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">data</var> buffer is an empty string, set the <var title="">data</var> buffer and the <var title="">event type</var> buffer to the empty string and
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">data</var> buffer's last character is a U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
+ character, then remove the last character from the <var title="">data</var> buffer.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create an event that uses the <code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code> interface, with the event type
+ <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code>, which does not bubble, is not cancelable, and has no
+ default action. The <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data><a href=#dom-messageevent-data>data</a></code> attribute must be initialized
+ to the value of the <var title="">data</var> buffer, the <code title=dom-MessageEvent-origin><a href=#dom-messageevent-origin>origin</a></code> attribute must be initialised to the <a href=#unicode-serialization-of-an-origin title="Unicode serialization of an origin">Unicode serialization</a> of the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the event stream's final URL (i.e. the URL after redirects), and the <code title=dom-MessageEvent-lastEventId><a href=#dom-messageevent-lasteventid>lastEventId</a></code> attribute must be initialised to the
+ <a href=#concept-event-stream-last-event-id title=concept-event-stream-last-event-id>last event ID string</a> of the event source.
+ This event is not <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">event type</var> buffer has a value other than the empty string,
+ change the <a href=#concept-event-type title=concept-event-type>type</a> of the newly created event to equal the
+ value of the <var title="">event type</var> buffer.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <var title="">data</var> buffer and the <var title="">event type</var> buffer to
+ the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> which, if the <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is set to a value other than <code title=dom-EventSource-CLOSED><a href=#dom-eventsource-closed>CLOSED</a></code>, <a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>dispatches</a> the newly created event at the
+ <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object.</li> <!-- so calling close() drops the messages immediately.
+ The connection dying doesn't interfere with already-sent messages since it sets us to CLOSED via
+ a task, not synchronously -->
+
+ </ol><p class=note>If an event doesn't have an "id" field, but an earlier event did set the event
+ source's <a href=#concept-event-stream-last-event-id title=concept-event-stream-last-event-id>last event ID string</a>, then the
+ event's <code title=dom-MessageEvent-lastEventId><a href=#dom-messageevent-lasteventid>lastEventId</a></code> field will be set to the
+ value of whatever the last seen "id" field was.</p>
+
+ <p>For other user agents, the appropriate steps to <a href=#dispatchMessage>dispatch the event</a> are
+ implementation dependent, but at a minimum they must set the <var title="">data</var> and <var title="">event type</var> buffers to the empty string before returning.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following event stream, once followed by a blank line:</p>
+ <pre>data: YHOO
+data: +2
+data: 10</pre>
+
+ <p>...would cause an event <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> with the interface
+ <code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code> to be dispatched on the <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object. The event's
+ <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data><a href=#dom-messageevent-data>data</a></code> attribute would contain the string
+ <code>YHOO\n+2\n10</code> (where <code>\n</code> represents a newline).</p>
+
+ <p>This could be used as follows:
+ <pre>var stocks = new EventSource("http://stocks.example.com/ticker.php");
+stocks.onmessage = function (event) {
+ var data = event.data.split('\n');
+ updateStocks(data[0], data[1], data[2]);
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>...where <code title="">updateStocks()</code> is a function defined as:</p>
+
+ <pre>function updateStocks(symbol, delta, value) { ... }</pre>
+
+ <p>...or some such.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following stream contains four blocks. The first block has just a comment, and will fire
+ nothing. The second block has two fields with names "data" and "id" respectively; an event will
+ be fired for this block, with the data "first event", and will then set the last event ID to "1"
+ so that if the connection died between this block and the next, the server would be sent a <code title=http-last-event-id><a href=#last-event-id>Last-Event-ID</a></code> header with the value "1". The third block fires
+ an event with data "second event", and also has an "id" field, this time with no value, which
+ resets the last event ID to the empty string (meaning no <code title=http-last-event-id><a href=#last-event-id>Last-Event-ID</a></code> header will now be sent in the event of a
+ reconnection being attempted). Finally, the last block just fires an event with the data
+ "&nbsp;third&nbsp;event" (with a single leading space character). Note that the last still has to
+ end with a blank line, the end of the stream is not enough to trigger the dispatch of the last
+ event.</p>
+
+ <pre>: test stream
+
+data: first event
+id: 1
+
+data:second event
+id
+
+data:&nbsp;&nbsp;third event
+</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following stream fires two events:</p>
+
+ <pre>data
+
+data
+data
+
+data:</pre>
+
+ <p>The first block fires events with the data set to the empty string, as would the last block if
+ it was followed by a blank line. The middle block fires an event with the data set to a single
+ newline character. The last block is discarded because it is not followed by a blank line.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The following stream fires two identical events:</p>
+
+ <pre>data:test
+
+data:&nbsp;test
+</pre>
+
+ <p>This is because the space after the colon is ignored if present.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=authoring-notes><span class=secno>9.2.6 </span>Authoring notes</h4>
+
+ <p>Legacy proxy servers are known to, in certain cases, drop HTTP connections after a short
+ timeout. To protect against such proxy servers, authors can include a comment line (one starting
+ with a ':' character) every 15 seconds or so.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors wishing to relate event source connections to each other or to specific documents
+ previously served might find that relying on IP addresses doesn't work, as individual clients can
+ have multiple IP addresses (due to having multiple proxy servers) and individual IP addresses can
+ have multiple clients (due to sharing a proxy server). It is better to include a unique identifier
+ in the document when it is served and then pass that identifier as part of the URL when the
+ connection is established.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors are also cautioned that HTTP chunking can have unexpected negative effects on the
+ reliability of this protocol. Where possible, chunking should be disabled for serving event
+ streams unless the rate of messages is high enough for this not to matter.</p> <!-- v2 can we get
+ a better solution? -->
+
+ <p>Clients that support HTTP's per-server connection limitation might run into trouble when
+ opening multiple pages from a site if each page has an <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> to the same
+ domain. Authors can avoid this using the relatively complex mechanism of using unique domain names
+ per connection, or by allowing the user to enable or disable the <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code>
+ functionality on a per-page basis, or by sharing a single <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object using a
+ <a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope title=SharedWorkerGlobalScope>shared worker</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=eventsource-push><span class=secno>9.2.7 </span>Connectionless push and other features</h4>
+
+ <p>User agents running in controlled environments, e.g. browsers on mobile handsets tied to
+ specific carriers, may offload the management of the connection to a proxy on the network. In such
+ a situation, the user agent for the purposes of conformance is considered to include both the
+ handset software and the network proxy.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, a browser on a mobile device, after having established a connection, might detect
+ that it is on a supporting network and request that a proxy server on the network take over the
+ management of the connection. The timeline for such a situation might be as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Browser connects to a remote HTTP server and requests the resource specified by the author
+ in the <code title=dom-EventSource><a href=#dom-eventsource>EventSource</a></code> constructor.</li>
+
+ <li>The server sends occasional messages.</li>
+
+ <li>In between two messages, the browser detects that it is idle except for the network activity
+ involved in keeping the TCP connection alive, and decides to switch to sleep mode to save
+ power.</li>
+
+ <li>The browser disconnects from the server.</li>
+
+ <li>The browser contacts a service on the network, and requests that that service, a "push
+ proxy", maintain the connection instead.</li>
+
+ <li>The "push proxy" service contacts the remote HTTP server and requests the resource specified
+ by the author in the <code title=dom-EventSource><a href=#dom-eventsource>EventSource</a></code> constructor (possibly
+ including a <code title=http-last-event-id><a href=#last-event-id>Last-Event-ID</a></code> HTTP header, etc).</li>
+
+ <li>The browser allows the mobile device to go to sleep.</li>
+
+ <li>The server sends another message.</li>
+
+ <li>The "push proxy" service uses a technology such as OMA push to convey the event to the
+ mobile device, which wakes only enough to process the event and then returns to sleep.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+ <p>This can reduce the total data usage, and can therefore result in considerable power
+ savings.</p>
+
+ <p>As well as implementing the existing API and <code><a href=#text/event-stream>text/event-stream</a></code> wire format as
+ defined by this specification and in more distributed ways as described above, formats of event
+ framing defined by <a href=#other-applicable-specifications>other applicable specifications</a> may be supported. This
+ specification does not define how they are to be parsed or processed.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=garbage-collection-0><span class=secno>9.2.8 </span>Garbage collection</h4>
+
+ <p>While an <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object's <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> is <code title=dom-EventSource-CONNECTING><a href=#dom-eventsource-connecting>CONNECTING</a></code>, and the object has one or more event
+ listeners registered for <code title=event-open><a href=#event-open>open</a></code>, <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> or <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> events, there must
+ be a strong reference from the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> or <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object that
+ the <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object's constructor was invoked from to the <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code>
+ object itself.</p>
+
+ <p>While an <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object's <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> is <code title=dom-EventSource-OPEN><a href=#dom-eventsource-open>OPEN</a></code>, and the object has one or more event listeners
+ registered for <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> or <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> events, there must be a strong reference from the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> or <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object that the <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code>
+ object's constructor was invoked from to the <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object itself.</p>
+
+ <p>While there is a task queued by an <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object on the <a href=#remote-event-task-source>remote event
+ task source</a>, there must be a strong reference from the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object that the <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object's constructor was
+ invoked from to that <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>If a user agent is to <dfn id=concept-eventsource-forcibly-close title=concept-EventSource-forcibly-close>forcibly close</dfn> an
+ <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object (this happens when a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object goes away
+ permanently), the user agent must abort any instances of the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm started
+ for this <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object, and must set the <code title=dom-EventSource-readyState><a href=#dom-eventsource-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute to <code title=dom-EventSource-CLOSED><a href=#dom-eventsource-closed>CLOSED</a></code>.</p> <!-- same as calling close() -->
+
+ <p>If an <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> object is garbage collected while its connection is still open,
+ the user agent must abort any instance of the <a href=#fetch title=fetch>fetch</a> algorithm opened by
+ this <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code>.</p> <!-- no need to throw tasks away or anything; for it to get
+ garbage collected, there can't be anything that would be able to receive those events -->
+
+ <p class=note>It's possible for one active network connection to be shared by multiple
+ <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> objects and their <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithms, which is why the above
+ is phrased in terms of aborting the <a href=#fetch>fetch</a> algorithm and not the actual underlying
+ download.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=implementation-advice><span class=secno>9.2.9 </span>Implementation advice</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>User agents are strongly urged to provide detailed diagnostic information about
+ <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code> objects and their related network connections in their development
+ consoles, to aid authors in debugging code using this API.</p>
+
+ <p>For example, a user agent could have a panel displaying all the <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code>
+ objects a page has created, each listing the constructor's arguments, whether there was a network
+ error, what the CORS status of the connection is and what headers were sent by the client and
+ received from the server to lead to that status, the messages that were received and how they were
+ parsed, and so forth.</p>
+
+ <p>Implementations are especially encouraged to report detailed information to their development
+ consoles whenever an <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> event is fired, since little to no
+ information can be made available in the events themselves.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=iana-considerations><span class=secno>9.2.10 </span>IANA considerations</h4>
+
+ <h5 id=text/event-stream><span class=secno>9.2.10.1 </span><dfn><code>text/event-stream</code></dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>This registration is for community review and will be submitted to the IESG for review,
+ approval, and registration with IANA.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ To: ietf-types@iana.org
+ Subject: Registration of media type text/event-stream
+ -->
+
+ <dl><dt>Type name:</dt>
+ <dd>text</dd>
+ <dt>Subtype name:</dt>
+ <dd>event-stream</dd>
+ <dt>Required parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>No parameters</dd>
+ <dt>Optional parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl><dt><code title="">charset</code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title="">charset</code> parameter may be provided. The parameter's value must be
+ "<code title="">utf-8</code>". This parameter serves no purpose; it is only allowed for
+ compatibility with legacy servers.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>8bit (always UTF-8)</dd>
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Security considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>An event stream from an origin distinct from the origin of the content consuming the event
+ stream can result in information leakage. To avoid this, user agents are required to apply CORS
+ semantics. <a href=#refsFETCH>[FETCH]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Event streams can overwhelm a user agent; a user agent is expected to apply suitable
+ restrictions to avoid depleting local resources because of an overabundance of information from
+ an event stream.</p>
+
+ <p>Servers can be overwhelmed if a situation develops in which the server is causing clients to
+ reconnect rapidly. Servers should use a 5xx status code to indicate capacity problems, as this
+ will prevent conforming clients from reconnecting automatically.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Rules for processing both conforming and non-conforming content are defined in this
+ specification.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Published specification:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ This document is the relevant specification.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Applications that use this media type:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Web browsers and tools using Web services.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Additional information:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl><dt>Magic number(s):</dt>
+ <dd>No sequence of bytes can uniquely identify an event stream.</dd>
+ <dt>File extension(s):</dt>
+ <dd>No specific file extensions are recommended for this type.</dd>
+ <dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt>
+ <dd>No specific Macintosh file type codes are recommended for this type.</dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Intended usage:</dt>
+ <dd>Common</dd>
+ <dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt>
+ <dd>This format is only expected to be used by dynamic open-ended streams served using HTTP or a
+ similar protocol. Finite resources are not expected to be labeled with this type.</dd>
+ <dt>Author:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>W3C</dd>
+ </dl><p>Fragment identifiers have no meaning with
+ <code><a href=#text/event-stream>text/event-stream</a></code> resources.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=last-event-id><span class=secno>9.2.10.2 </span><dfn title=http-last-event-id><code>Last-Event-ID</code></dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>This section describes a header for registration in the Permanent Message Header Field
+ Registry. <a href=#refsRFC3864>[RFC3864]</a></p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Header field name:</dt>
+ <dd>Last-Event-ID</dd>
+ <dt>Applicable protocol:</dt>
+ <dd>http</dd>
+ <dt>Status:</dt>
+ <dd>standard</dd>
+ <dt>Author/Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>W3C</dd>
+ <dt>Specification document(s):</dt>
+ <dd>
+ This document is the relevant specification.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Related information:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ </dl><h3 id=network><span class=secno>9.3 </span><dfn>Web sockets</dfn></h3>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=network-intro><span class=secno>9.3.1 </span>Introduction</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>To enable Web applications to maintain bidirectional communications with server-side processes,
+ this specification introduces the <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This interface does not allow for raw access to the underlying network. For
+ example, this interface could not be used to implement an IRC client without proxying messages
+ through a custom server.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-websocket-interface><span class=secno>9.3.2 </span>The <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> interface</h4>
+
+ <pre class=idl>enum <dfn id=binarytype>BinaryType</dfn> { "<span title=dom-BinaryType-blob>blob</span>", "<span title=dom-BinaryType-arraybuffer>arraybuffer</span>" };
+[<a href=#dom-websocket title=dom-WebSocket>Constructor</a>(DOMString url, optional (DOMString or DOMString[]) protocols), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=websocket>WebSocket</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-websocket-url title=dom-WebSocket-url>url</a>;
+
+ // ready state
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-websocket-connecting title=dom-WebSocket-CONNECTING>CONNECTING</a> = 0;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-websocket-open title=dom-WebSocket-OPEN>OPEN</a> = 1;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-websocket-closing title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSING>CLOSING</a> = 2;
+ const unsigned short <a href=#dom-websocket-closed title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSED>CLOSED</a> = 3;
+ readonly attribute unsigned short <a href=#dom-websocket-readystate title=dom-WebSocket-readyState>readyState</a>;
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-websocket-bufferedamount title=dom-WebSocket-bufferedAmount>bufferedAmount</a>;
+
+ // networking
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-websocket-onopen title=handler-WebSocket-onopen>onopen</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-websocket-onerror title=handler-WebSocket-onerror>onerror</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-websocket-onclose title=handler-WebSocket-onclose>onclose</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-websocket-extensions title=dom-WebSocket-extensions>extensions</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-websocket-protocol title=dom-WebSocket-protocol>protocol</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-websocket-close title=dom-WebSocket-close>close</a>([Clamp] optional unsigned short code, optional DOMString reason);
+
+ // messaging
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-websocket-onmessage title=handler-WebSocket-onmessage>onmessage</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#binarytype>BinaryType</a> <a href=#dom-websocket-binarytype title=dom-WebSocket-binaryType>binaryType</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-websocket-send title=dom-WebSocket-send>send</a>(DOMString data);
+ void <a href=#dom-websocket-send title=dom-WebSocket-send>send</a>(<a href=#blob>Blob</a> data);
+ void <a href=#dom-websocket-send title=dom-WebSocket-send>send</a>(<a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a> data);
+ void <a href=#dom-websocket-send title=dom-WebSocket-send>send</a>(<a href=#arraybufferview>ArrayBufferView</a> data);
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket title=dom-WebSocket><code>WebSocket(<var title="">url</var>, <var title="">protocols</var>)</code></dfn> constructor takes one or two arguments. The first argument,
+ <var title="">url</var>, specifies the <a href=#url>URL</a> to which to connect. The second, <var title="">protocols</var>, if present, is either a string or an array of strings. If it is a
+ string, it is equivalent to an array consisting of just that string; if it is omitted, it is
+ equivalent to the empty array. Each string in the array is a subprotocol name. The connection will
+ only be established if the server reports that it has selected one of these subprotocols. The
+ subprotocol names must all be strings that match the requirements for elements that comprise the
+ value of <code title=http-sec-websocket-protocol>Sec-WebSocket-Protocol</code> fields as
+ defined by the WebSocket protocol specification. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When the <code>WebSocket()</code> constructor is invoked, the UA must run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><i><a href="#parse-a-websocket-url's-components">Parse a WebSocket URL's components</a></i> from the <var title="">url</var> argument, to
+ obtain <var title="">host</var>, <var title="">port</var>, <var title="">resource name</var>, and
+ <var title="">secure</var>. If this fails, throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort
+ these steps. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">secure</var> is false but the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the
+ <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a> has a scheme component that is itself a secure protocol, e.g.
+ HTTPS, then throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">port</var> is a port to which the user agent is configured to block access,
+ then throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps. (User agents typically
+ block access to well-known ports like SMTP.)</p>
+ <!-- e.g. http://www.mozilla.org/projects/netlib/PortBanning.html -->
+
+ <p>Access to ports 80 and 443 should not be blocked, including the unlikely cases when <var title="">secure</var> is false but <var title="">port</var> is 443 or <var title="">secure</var> is true but <var title="">port</var> is 80.</p>
+ <!-- paragraph requested by zcorpan -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">protocols</var> is absent, let <var title="">protocols</var> be an empty
+ array.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">protocols</var> is present and a string, let <var title="">protocols</var> instead be an array consisting of just that string.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If any of the values in <var title="">protocols</var> occur more than once or otherwise
+ fail to match the requirements for elements that comprise the value of <code title=http-sec-websocket-protocol>Sec-WebSocket-Protocol</code> fields as defined by the
+ WebSocket protocol specification, then throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort these
+ steps. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">origin</var> be the <a href=#ascii-serialization-of-an-origin title="ASCII serialization of an
+ origin">ASCII serialization</a> of the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry
+ settings object</a>, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return a new <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object, but continue these steps
+ asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the new object's <dfn id=client-specified-protocols>client-specified protocols</dfn> be the values (if any) given in
+ <var title="">protocols</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i><a href=#establish-a-websocket-connection>Establish a WebSocket connection</a></i> given the set (<var title="">host</var>, <var title="">port</var>, <var title="">resource name</var>, <var title="">secure</var>), along with
+ the <var title="">protocols</var> list, an empty list for the extensions, and <var title="">origin</var>. The <i><a href=#headers-to-send-appropriate-cookies>headers to send appropriate cookies</a></i> must be a <code title=http-Cookie>Cookie</code> header whose value is the <i><a href=#cookie-string>cookie-string</a></i> computed from
+ the user's cookie store and the URL <var title="">url</var>; for these purposes this is
+ <em>not</em> a "non-HTTP" API. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a> <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent <i title="validate the server's response"><a href="#validate-the-server's-response">validates the server's
+ response</a></i> during the "<i><a href=#establish-a-websocket-connection>establish a WebSocket connection</a></i>" algorithm, if the status code
+ received from the server is not 101 (e.g. it is a redirect), the user agent must <i><a href=#fail-the-websocket-connection>fail the
+ WebSocket connection</a></i>.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>Following HTTP procedures here could introduce serious security problems in a
+ Web browser context. For example, consider a host with a WebSocket server at one path and an
+ open HTTP redirector at another. Suddenly, any script that can be given a particular WebSocket
+ URL can be tricked into communicating to (and potentially sharing secrets with) any host on the
+ Internet, even if the script checks that the URL has the right hostname.</p>
+ <!-- http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/hybi/current/msg06951.html -->
+
+ <p class=note>If the <i><a href=#establish-a-websocket-connection>establish a WebSocket connection</a></i> algorithm fails, it triggers the
+ <i><a href=#fail-the-websocket-connection>fail the WebSocket connection</a></i> algorithm, which then invokes the <i><a href=#close-the-websocket-connection>close the WebSocket
+ connection</a></i> algorithm, which then establishes that <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-closed>the WebSocket connection is closed</a></i>,
+ which fires the <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code> event <a href=#closeWebSocket>as
+ described below</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket-url title=dom-WebSocket-url><code>url</code></dfn> attribute must return the result of
+ <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolving</a> the <a href=#url>URL</a> that was passed to the
+ constructor, with the URL character encoding set to UTF-8. (It doesn't matter what it is resolved
+ relative to, since we already know it is an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket-readystate title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><code>readyState</code></dfn> attribute represents
+ the state of the connection. It can have the following values:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=dom-websocket-connecting title=dom-WebSocket-CONNECTING><code>CONNECTING</code></dfn> (numeric value 0)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The connection has not yet been established.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-websocket-open title=dom-WebSocket-OPEN><code>OPEN</code></dfn> (numeric value 1)</dt>
+
+ <dd><i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-established>The WebSocket connection is established</a></i> and communication is possible.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-websocket-closing title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSING><code>CLOSING</code></dfn> (numeric value 2)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The connection is going through the closing handshake, or the <code title=dom-WebSocket-close><a href=#dom-websocket-close>close()</a></code> method has been invoked.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dom-websocket-closed title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSED><code>CLOSED</code></dfn> (numeric value 3)</dt>
+
+ <dd>The connection has been closed or could not be opened.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the object is created its <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> must be
+ set to <code title=dom-WebSocket-CONNECTING><a href=#dom-websocket-connecting>CONNECTING</a></code> (0).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket-extensions title=dom-WebSocket-extensions><code>extensions</code></dfn> attribute must
+ initially return the empty string. After <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-established>the WebSocket connection is established</a></i>, its value
+ might change, as defined below.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=dom-WebSocket-extensions><a href=#dom-websocket-extensions>extensions</a></code> attribute returns the
+ extensions selected by the server, if any. (Currently this will only ever be the empty
+ string.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket-protocol title=dom-WebSocket-protocol><code>protocol</code></dfn> attribute must initially
+ return the empty string. After <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-established>the WebSocket connection is established</a></i>, its value might
+ change, as defined below.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=dom-WebSocket-protocol><a href=#dom-websocket-protocol>protocol</a></code> attribute returns the
+ subprotocol selected by the server, if any. It can be used in conjunction with the array form of
+ the constructor's second argument to perform subprotocol negotiation.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket-close title=dom-WebSocket-close><code>close()</code></dfn> method must run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the method's first argument is present but is neither an integer equal to 1000 nor an
+ integer in the range 3000 to 4999, throw an <code><a href=#invalidaccesserror>InvalidAccessError</a></code> exception and abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the method's second argument is present, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">raw reason</var> be the method's second argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">Unicode reason</var> be the result of <a href=#convert-a-domstring-to-a-sequence-of-unicode-characters title="convert a DOMString
+ to a sequence of Unicode characters">converting <var title="">raw reason</var> to a sequence of
+ Unicode characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">reason</var> be the result of encoding <var title="">Unicode
+ reason</var> as UTF-8.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">reason</var> is longer than 123 bytes, then throw a
+ <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort these steps. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the first matching steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is in the <code title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSING><a href=#dom-websocket-closing>CLOSING</a></code> (2) or <code title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSED><a href=#dom-websocket-closed>CLOSED</a></code> (3) state</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Do nothing.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The connection is already closing or is already closed. If it has not already,
+ a <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code> event will eventually fire <a href=#closeWebSocket>as described below</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the WebSocket connection is not yet <i title="the WebSocket connection is
+ established"><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-established>established</a></i> <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><i><a href=#fail-the-websocket-connection>Fail the WebSocket connection</a></i> and set the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute's value to <code title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSING><a href=#dom-websocket-closing>CLOSING</a></code> (2). <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <i><a href=#fail-the-websocket-connection>fail the WebSocket connection</a></i> algorithm invokes the <i><a href=#close-the-websocket-connection>close the
+ WebSocket connection</a></i> algorithm, which then establishes that <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-closed>the WebSocket connection is
+ closed</a></i>, which fires the <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code> event <a href=#closeWebSocket>as described below</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the WebSocket closing handshake has not yet been <i title="the WebSocket closing
+ handshake is started"><a href=#the-websocket-closing-handshake-is-started>started</a></i> <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><i><a href=#start-the-websocket-closing-handshake>Start the WebSocket closing handshake</a></i> and set the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute's value to <code title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSING><a href=#dom-websocket-closing>CLOSING</a></code> (2). <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If the first argument is present, then the status code<!--CLOSE CODE--> to use in the
+ WebSocket Close message must be the integer given by the first argument. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If the second argument is also present, then <var title="">reason</var> must be provided in
+ the Close message after the status code<!--CLOSE CODE-->. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a>
+ <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <i><a href=#start-the-websocket-closing-handshake>start the WebSocket closing handshake</a></i> algorithm eventually invokes
+ the <i><a href=#close-the-websocket-connection>close the WebSocket connection</a></i> algorithm, which then establishes that <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-closed>the
+ WebSocket connection is closed</a></i>, which fires the <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code> event <a href=#closeWebSocket>as described
+ below</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Set the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute's value to <code title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSING><a href=#dom-websocket-closing>CLOSING</a></code> (2).</p>
+
+ <p class=note><i><a href=#the-websocket-closing-handshake-is-started>The WebSocket closing handshake is started</a></i>, and will eventually invoke
+ the <i><a href=#close-the-websocket-connection>close the WebSocket connection</a></i> algorithm, which will establish that <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-closed>the
+ WebSocket connection is closed</a></i>, and thus the <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code>
+ event will fire, <a href=#closeWebSocket>as described below</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>The <code title=dom-WebSocket-close><a href=#dom-websocket-close>close()</a></code> method does not discard
+ previously sent messages before starting the WebSocket closing handshake &mdash; even if, in
+ practice, the user agent is still busy sending those messages, the handshake will only start after
+ the messages are sent.</p> <!-- this is trivially true in this spec, because we don't buffer at
+ all. We just tell the WebSocket API spec to do it. -->
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket-bufferedamount title=dom-WebSocket-bufferedAmount><code>bufferedAmount</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the number of bytes of application data (UTF-8 text and binary data) that have been queued
+ using <code title=dom-WebSocket-send><a href=#dom-websocket-send>send()</a></code> but that, as of the last time the
+ <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> reached step 1, had not yet been transmitted to the network. (This thus
+ includes any text sent during the execution of the current task, regardless of whether the user
+ agent is able to transmit text asynchronously with script execution.) This does not include
+ framing overhead incurred by the protocol, or buffering done by the operating system or network
+ hardware. If the connection is closed, this attribute's value will only increase with each call to
+ the <code title=dom-WebSocket-send><a href=#dom-websocket-send>send()</a></code> method (the number does not reset to zero once
+ the connection closes).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this simple example, the <code title=dom-WebSocket-bufferedAmount><a href=#dom-websocket-bufferedamount>bufferedAmount</a></code>
+ attribute is used to ensure that updates are sent either at the rate of one update every 50ms, if
+ the network can handle that rate, or at whatever rate the network <em>can</em> handle, if that is
+ too fast.</p>
+
+ <pre>var socket = new WebSocket('ws://game.example.com:12010/updates');
+socket.onopen = function () {
+ setInterval(function() {
+ if (socket.bufferedAmount == 0)
+ socket.send(getUpdateData());
+ }, 50);
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-WebSocket-bufferedAmount><a href=#dom-websocket-bufferedamount>bufferedAmount</a></code> attribute can also be
+ used to saturate the network without sending the data at a higher rate than the network can
+ handle, though this requires more careful monitoring of the value of the attribute over time.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>When a <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object is created, its <dfn id=dom-websocket-binarytype title=dom-WebSocket-binaryType><code>binaryType</code></dfn> IDL attribute must be set to the
+ string "<code title="">blob</code>". On getting, it must return the last value it was set to. On
+ setting, the user agent must set the IDL attribute to the new value.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This attribute allows authors to control how binary data is exposed to scripts. By
+ setting the attribute to "<code title="">blob</code>", binary data is returned in
+ <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> form; by setting it to "<code title="">arraybuffer</code>", it is returned in
+ <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> form. User agents can use this as a hint for how to handle incoming
+ binary data: if the attribute is set to "<code title="">blob</code>", it is safe to spool it to
+ disk, and if it is set to "<code title="">arraybuffer</code>", it is likely more efficient to
+ keep the data in memory. Naturally, user agents are encouraged to use more subtle heuristics to
+ decide whether to keep incoming data in memory or not, e.g. based on how big the data is or how
+ common it is for a script to change the attribute at the last minute. This latter aspect is
+ important in particular because it is quite possible for the attribute to be changed after the
+ user agent has received the data but before the user agent has fired the event for it.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-websocket-send title=dom-WebSocket-send><code>send(<var title="">data</var>)</code></dfn> method
+ transmits data using the connection. If the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute is <code title=dom-WebSocket-CONNECTING><a href=#dom-websocket-connecting>CONNECTING</a></code>, it must throw an
+ <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception. Otherwise, the user agent must run the appropriate set
+ of steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If the argument is a string</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">data</var> be the result of <a href=#convert-a-domstring-to-a-sequence-of-unicode-characters title="convert a DOMString to a
+ sequence of Unicode characters">converting the <var title="">data</var> argument to a sequence
+ of Unicode characters</a>. If <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-established>the WebSocket connection is established</a></i> and <i title="the WebSocket closing handshake is started"><a href=#the-websocket-closing-handshake-is-started>the WebSocket closing handshake has not yet
+ started</a></i>, then the user agent must <i><a href=#send-a-websocket-message>send a WebSocket Message</a></i> comprised of <var title="">data</var> using a text frame opcode; if the data cannot be sent, e.g. because it
+ would need to be buffered but the buffer is full, the user agent must <a href=#concept-websocket-close-fail title=concept-websocket-close-fail>flag the WebSocket as full</a> and then <i><a href=#close-the-websocket-connection>close the
+ WebSocket connection</a></i>. Any invocation of this method with a string argument that does not
+ throw an exception must increase the <code title=dom-WebSocket-bufferedAmount><a href=#dom-websocket-bufferedamount>bufferedAmount</a></code> attribute by the number of bytes
+ needed to express the argument as UTF-8. <a href=#refsUNICODE>[UNICODE]</a> <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a> <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the argument is a <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-established>the WebSocket connection is established</a></i>, and <i title="the WebSocket closing
+ handshake is started"><a href=#the-websocket-closing-handshake-is-started>the WebSocket closing handshake has not yet started</a></i>, then the user
+ agent must <i><a href=#send-a-websocket-message>send a WebSocket Message</a></i> comprised of <var title="">data</var> using a binary
+ frame opcode; if the data cannot be sent, e.g. because it would need to be buffered but the
+ buffer is full, the user agent must <a href=#concept-websocket-close-fail title=concept-websocket-close-fail>flag the
+ WebSocket as full</a> and then <i><a href=#close-the-websocket-connection>close the WebSocket connection</a></i>. The data to be sent is
+ the raw data represented by the <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object. <!-- that sentence is meant to invoke
+ "This interface represents immutable raw data." --> Any invocation of this method with a
+ <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> argument that does not throw an exception must increase the <code title=dom-WebSocket-bufferedAmount><a href=#dom-websocket-bufferedamount>bufferedAmount</a></code> attribute by the size of the
+ <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object's raw data, in bytes. <!-- that sentence is meant to invoke the same as
+ Blob.size --> <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a> <a href=#refsFILEAPI>[FILEAPI]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the argument is an <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> object</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-established>the WebSocket connection is established</a></i>, and <i title="the WebSocket closing
+ handshake is started"><a href=#the-websocket-closing-handshake-is-started>the WebSocket closing handshake has not yet started</a></i>, then the user
+ agent must <i><a href=#send-a-websocket-message>send a WebSocket Message</a></i> comprised of <var title="">data</var> using a binary
+ frame opcode; if the data cannot be sent, e.g. because it would need to be buffered but the
+ buffer is full, the user agent must <a href=#concept-websocket-close-fail title=concept-websocket-close-fail>flag the
+ WebSocket as full</a> and then <i><a href=#close-the-websocket-connection>close the WebSocket connection</a></i>. The data to be sent is
+ the data stored in the buffer described by the <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> object. Any invocation
+ of this method with an <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> argument that does not throw an exception must
+ increase the <code title=dom-WebSocket-bufferedAmount><a href=#dom-websocket-bufferedamount>bufferedAmount</a></code> attribute by the
+ length of the <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> in bytes. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a> <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the argument is an object that matches the <code><a href=#arraybufferview>ArrayBufferView</a></code> type definition</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-established>the WebSocket connection is established</a></i>, and <i title="the WebSocket closing
+ handshake is started"><a href=#the-websocket-closing-handshake-is-started>the WebSocket closing handshake has not yet started</a></i>, then the user
+ agent must <i><a href=#send-a-websocket-message>send a WebSocket Message</a></i> comprised of <var title="">data</var> using a binary
+ frame opcode; if the data cannot be sent, e.g. because it would need to be buffered but the
+ buffer is full, the user agent must <a href=#concept-websocket-close-fail title=concept-websocket-close-fail>flag the
+ WebSocket as full</a> and then <i><a href=#close-the-websocket-connection>close the WebSocket connection</a></i>. The data to be sent is
+ the data stored in the section of the buffer described by the <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> object
+ that <var title="">data</var> references. Any invocation of this method with this kind of
+ argument that does not throw an exception must increase the <code title=dom-WebSocket-bufferedAmount><a href=#dom-websocket-bufferedamount>bufferedAmount</a></code> attribute by the length of <var title="">data</var>'s buffer in bytes. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a> <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><hr><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) that must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event
+ handler IDL attributes</a>, by all objects implementing the <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code>
+ interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-websocket-onopen title=handler-WebSocket-onopen><code>onopen</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-open><a href=#event-open>open</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-websocket-onmessage title=handler-WebSocket-onmessage><code>onmessage</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-websocket-onerror title=handler-WebSocket-onerror><code>onerror</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-websocket-onclose title=handler-WebSocket-onclose><code>onclose</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code>
+ </table><h4 id=feedback-from-the-protocol><span class=secno>9.3.3 </span>Feedback from the protocol</h4>
+
+ <p>When <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-established>the WebSocket connection is established</a></i>, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object's <a href=#client-specified-protocols>client-specified protocols</a> was not an
+ empty list, but the <i><a href=#subprotocol-in-use>subprotocol in use</a></i> is the null value, then <i><a href=#fail-the-websocket-connection>fail the WebSocket
+ connection</a></i>, set the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute's
+ value to <code title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSING><a href=#dom-websocket-closing>CLOSING</a></code> (2), and abort these steps. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Change the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute's value to
+ <code title=dom-WebSocket-OPEN><a href=#dom-websocket-open>OPEN</a></code> (1).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Change the <code title=dom-WebSocket-extensions><a href=#dom-websocket-extensions>extensions</a></code> attribute's value to
+ the <i><a href=#extensions-in-use>extensions in use</a></i>, if is not the null value. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Change the <code title=dom-WebSocket-protocol><a href=#dom-websocket-protocol>protocol</a></code> attribute's value to the
+ <i><a href=#subprotocol-in-use>subprotocol in use</a></i>, if is not the null value. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Act as if the user agent had <a href=#receives-a-set-cookie-string title="receives a set-cookie-string">received a
+ set-cookie-string</a> consisting of the <i><a href="#cookies-set-during-the-server's-opening-handshake">cookies set during the server's opening
+ handshake</a></i>, for the URL <var title="">url</var> given to the <code title=dom-WebSocket><a href=#dom-websocket>WebSocket()</a></code> constructor. <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a> <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a> <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#fire-a-simple-event>Fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-open><a href=#event-open>open</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>When <i><a href=#a-websocket-message-has-been-received>a WebSocket message has been received</a></i> with type <var title="">type</var> and data
+ <var title="">data</var>, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to follow these steps: <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute's value is not
+ <code title=dom-WebSocket-OPEN><a href=#dom-websocket-open>OPEN</a></code> (1), then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">event</var> be a newly created <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event that uses the <code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code>
+ interface, with the event type <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code>, which does not
+ bubble, is not cancelable, and has no default action.
+ </p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Initialise <var title="">event</var>'s <code title=dom-MessageEvent-origin><a href=#dom-messageevent-origin>origin</a></code>
+ attribute to the <a href=#unicode-serialization-of-an-origin title="Unicode serialization of an origin">Unicode serialization</a> of
+ the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <a href=#url>URL</a> that was passed to the <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code>
+ object's constructor.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">type</var> indicates that the data is Text, then initialise <var title="">event</var>'s <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data><a href=#dom-messageevent-data>data</a></code> attribute to <var title="">data</var>.
+
+ <p>If <var title="">type</var> indicates that the data is Binary, and <code title=dom-WebSocket-binaryType><a href=#dom-websocket-binarytype>binaryType</a></code> is set to "<code title="">blob</code>", then
+ initialise <var title="">event</var>'s <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data><a href=#dom-messageevent-data>data</a></code> attribute
+ to a new <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code> object that represents <var title="">data</var> as its raw data. <a href=#refsFILEAPI>[FILEAPI]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">type</var> indicates that the data is Binary, and <code title=dom-WebSocket-binaryType><a href=#dom-websocket-binarytype>binaryType</a></code> is set to "<code title="">arraybuffer</code>", then initialise <var title="">event</var>'s <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data><a href=#dom-messageevent-data>data</a></code> attribute to a new <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code>
+ object whose contents are <var title="">data</var>. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>Dispatch</a> <var title="">event</var> at the
+ <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>User agents are encouraged to check if they can perform the above steps
+ efficiently before they run the task, picking tasks from other <a href=#task-queue title="task queue">task
+ queues</a> while they prepare the buffers if not. For example, if the <code title=dom-WebSocket-binaryType><a href=#dom-websocket-binarytype>binaryType</a></code> attribute was set to "<code title="">blob</code>" when the data arrived, and the user agent spooled all the data to disk, but
+ just before running the above <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> for this particular message
+ the script switched <code title=dom-WebSocket-binaryType><a href=#dom-websocket-binarytype>binaryType</a></code> to "<code title="">arraybuffer</code>", the user agent would want to page the data back to RAM before
+ running this <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> so as to avoid stalling the main thread while
+ it created the <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here is an example of how to define a handler for the <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> event in the case of text frames:</p>
+
+ <pre>mysocket.onmessage = function (event) {
+ if (event.data == 'on') {
+ turnLampOn();
+ } else if (event.data == 'off') {
+ turnLampOff();
+ }
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The protocol here is a trivial one, with the server just sending "on" or "off" messages.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>When <i><a href=#the-websocket-closing-handshake-is-started>the WebSocket closing handshake is started</a></i>, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to change the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute's
+ value to <code title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSING><a href=#dom-websocket-closing>CLOSING</a></code> (2). (If the <code title=dom-WebSocket-close><a href=#dom-websocket-close>close()</a></code> method was called, the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute's value will already be set to <code title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSING><a href=#dom-websocket-closing>CLOSING</a></code> (2) when this task runs.) <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ <hr><p id=closeWebSocket>When <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-closed>the WebSocket connection is closed</a></i>, possibly <i title="">cleanly</i>, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to run the following
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Change the <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code> attribute's value to
+ <code title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSED><a href=#dom-websocket-closed>CLOSED</a></code> (3).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the user agent was required to <i><a href=#fail-the-websocket-connection>fail the WebSocket connection</a></i>, or if the <i title="the WebSocket connection is closed"><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-closed>the WebSocket connection was closed</a></i> after being
+ <dfn id=concept-websocket-close-fail title=concept-websocket-close-fail>flagged as full</dfn>, <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> named <code title="">error</code> at the <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event that uses the
+ <code><a href=#closeevent>CloseEvent</a></code> interface, with the event type <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code>,
+ which does not bubble, is not cancelable, has no default action, whose <code title=dom-CloseEvent-wasClean><a href=#dom-closeevent-wasclean>wasClean</a></code> attribute is initialised to true if the
+ connection closed <i title="">cleanly</i> and false otherwise, whose <code title=dom-CloseEvent-code><a href=#dom-closeevent-code>code</a></code> attribute is initialised to <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-close-code>the WebSocket connection
+ close code</a></i>, and whose <code title=dom-CloseEvent-reason><a href=#dom-closeevent-reason>reason</a></code> attribute is
+ initialised to the result of applying the <a href=#utf-8-decoder>UTF-8 decoder</a> to <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-close-reason>the WebSocket
+ connection close reason</a></i>, and <a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>dispatch</a> the event
+ at the <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></li>
+
+ </ol><div class=warning>
+
+ <p>User agents must not convey any failure information to scripts in a way that would allow a
+ script to distinguish the following situations:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>A server whose host name could not be resolved.
+
+ <li>A server to which packets could not successfully be routed.
+
+ <li>A server that refused the connection on the specified port.
+
+ <li>A server that failed to correctly perform a TLS handshake (e.g., the server certificate
+ can't be verified).
+
+ <li>A server that did not complete the opening handshake (e.g. because it was not a WebSocket
+ server).
+
+ <li>A WebSocket server that sent a correct opening handshake, but that specified options that
+ caused the client to drop the connection (e.g. the server specified a subprotocol that the
+ client did not offer).
+
+ <li>A WebSocket server that abruptly closed the connection after successfully completing the
+ opening handshake.
+
+ </ul><p>In all of these cases, the <i><a href=#the-websocket-connection-close-code>the WebSocket connection close code</a></i> would be 1006, as
+ required by the WebSocket Protocol specification. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Allowing a script to distinguish these cases would allow a script to probe the user's local
+ network in preparation for an attack.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In particular, this means the code 1015 is not used by the user agent (unless the
+ server erroneously uses it in its close frame, of course).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <hr><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for all <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue
+ a task">queued</a> in this section is the <dfn id=websocket-task-source>WebSocket task source</dfn>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=ping-and-pong-frames><span class=secno>9.3.4 </span>Ping and Pong frames</h4>
+
+ <p>The WebSocket protocol specification defines Ping and Pong frames that can be used for
+ keep-alive, heart-beats, network status probing, latency instrumentation, and so forth. These are
+ not currently exposed in the API.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may send ping and unsolicited pong frames as desired, for example in an attempt to
+ maintain local network NAT mappings, to detect failed connections, or to display latency metrics
+ to the user. User agents must not use pings or unsolicited pongs to aid the server; it is assumed
+ that servers will solicit pongs whenever appropriate for the server's needs.</p>
+
+ <!-- v2: we'll probably add a way to make the client send pings and automatically terminate the
+ connection if they don't get a pong within an author-provided timeout; see
+ https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=17264 -->
+
+
+ <h4 id=parsing-websocket-urls><span class=secno>9.3.5 </span>Parsing WebSocket URLs</h4>
+
+ <p>The steps to <dfn id="parse-a-websocket-url's-components">parse a WebSocket URL's components</dfn> from a string <var title="">url</var> are as follows. These steps return either a <var title="">host</var>, a <var title="">port</var>, a <var title="">resource name</var>, and a <var title="">secure</var> flag,
+ or they fail.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <var title="">url</var> string is not an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, then fail this
+ algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the <var title="">url</var> string, with the URL
+ character encoding set to UTF-8. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p> <!-- the URL character
+ encoding is used to escape the query component -->
+
+ <p class=note>It doesn't matter what it is resolved relative to, since we already know it is
+ an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> at this point.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> does not have a <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a> component whose value is either "<code title="">ws</code>" or "<code title="">wss</code>", then fail this algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> has a non-null <a href=#concept-url-fragment title=concept-url-fragment>fragment</a> component, then fail this algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a> component of the resulting
+ <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> is "<code title="">ws</code>", set <var title="">secure</var> to false;
+ otherwise, the <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a> component is "<code title="">wss</code>", set <var title="">secure</var> to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">host</var> be the value of the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>'s <a href=#concept-url-host title=concept-url-host>host</a> component.</li> <!-- at this point this is
+ Punycode-encoded and lowercased already -->
+
+ <li><p>If the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> has a <a href=#concept-url-port title=concept-url-port>port</a>
+ component that is not the empty string, then let <var title="">port</var> be that component's
+ value; otherwise, there is no explicit <var title="">port</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is no explicit <var title="">port</var>, then: if <var title="">secure</var> is
+ false, let <var title="">port</var> be 80, otherwise let <var title="">port</var> be
+ 443.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">resource name</var> be the value of the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed
+ URL</a>'s <a href=#concept-url-path title=concept-url-path>path</a> component (which might be
+ empty).</li> <!-- at this point this is UTF-8 encoded and percent encoded -->
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">resource name</var> is the empty string, set it to a single character
+ U+002F SOLIDUS (/).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> has a non-null <a href=#concept-url-query title=concept-url-query>query</a> component, then append a single U+003F QUESTION MARK
+ character (?) to <var title="">resource name</var>, followed by the value of the <a href=#concept-url-query title=concept-url-query>query</a> component.</li> <!-- at this point this is UTF-8
+ encoded and percent encoded -->
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">host</var>, <var title="">port</var>, <var title="">resource
+ name</var>, and <var title="">secure</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><h4 id=the-closeevent-interfaces><span class=secno>9.3.6 </span>The <code><a href=#closeevent>CloseEvent</a></code> interfaces</h4>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Constructor(DOMString type, optional <a href=#closeeventinit>CloseEventInit</a> eventInitDict), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=closeevent>CloseEvent</dfn> : <a href=#event>Event</a> {
+ readonly attribute boolean <a href=#dom-closeevent-wasclean title=dom-CloseEvent-wasClean>wasClean</a>;
+ readonly attribute unsigned short <a href=#dom-closeevent-code title=dom-CloseEvent-code>code</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-closeevent-reason title=dom-CloseEvent-reason>reason</a>;
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=closeeventinit>CloseEventInit</dfn> : <a href=#eventinit>EventInit</a> {
+ boolean wasClean;
+ unsigned short code;
+ DOMString reason;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-closeevent-wasclean title=dom-CloseEvent-wasClean><code>wasClean</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to
+ false. It represents whether the connection closed cleanly or not.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-closeevent-code title=dom-CloseEvent-code><code>code</code></dfn> attribute must return the value it
+ was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to zero. It
+ represents the WebSocket connection close code provided by the server.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-closeevent-reason title=dom-CloseEvent-reason><code>reason</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to
+ empty string. It represents the WebSocket connection close reason provided by the server.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=garbage-collection-1><span class=secno>9.3.7 </span>Garbage collection</h4>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object whose <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code>
+ attribute's value was set to <code title=dom-WebSocket-CONNECTING><a href=#dom-websocket-connecting>CONNECTING</a></code> (0) as of
+ the last time the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> started reached step 1 must not be garbage collected if
+ there are any event listeners registered for <code title=event-open><a href=#event-open>open</a></code> events, <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> events, <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> events, or
+ <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code> events.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object whose <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code>
+ attribute's value was set to <code title=dom-WebSocket-OPEN><a href=#dom-websocket-open>OPEN</a></code> (1) as of the last time
+ the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> reached step 1 must not be garbage collected if there are any event
+ listeners registered for <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> events, <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code>, or <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code> events.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object whose <code title=dom-WebSocket-readyState><a href=#dom-websocket-readystate>readyState</a></code>
+ attribute's value was set to <code title=dom-WebSocket-CLOSING><a href=#dom-websocket-closing>CLOSING</a></code> (2) as of the
+ last time the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> reached step 1 must not be garbage collected if there are
+ any event listeners registered for <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> or <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code> events.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object with <i title="the WebSocket connection is established"><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-established>an
+ established connection</a></i> that has data queued to be transmitted to the network must not be
+ garbage collected. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object is garbage collected while its connection is still open, the
+ user agent must <i><a href=#start-the-websocket-closing-handshake>start the WebSocket closing handshake</a></i>, with no status code<!--CLOSE CODE-->
+ for the Close message. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ <hr><p>If a user agent is to <dfn id=make-disappear>make disappear</dfn> a <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> object (this happens
+ when a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object goes away), the user agent must follow the first appropriate
+ set of steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the WebSocket connection is not yet <i title="the WebSocket connection is
+ established"><a href=#the-websocket-connection-is-established>established</a></i> <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><i><a href=#fail-the-websocket-connection>Fail the WebSocket connection</a></i>. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the WebSocket closing handshake has not yet been <i title="the WebSocket closing handshake
+ is started"><a href=#the-websocket-closing-handshake-is-started>started</a></i> <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><i><a href=#start-the-websocket-closing-handshake>Start the WebSocket closing handshake</a></i>, with the status code<!--CLOSE CODE--> to use in
+ the WebSocket Close message being 1001. <a href=#refsWSP>[WSP]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Do nothing.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><!--POSTMSG--><h3 id=web-messaging><span class=secno>9.4 </span><dfn id=crossDocumentMessages>Cross-document messaging</dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>Web browsers, for security and privacy reasons, prevent documents in different domains from
+ affecting each other; that is, cross-site scripting is disallowed.</p>
+
+ <p>While this is an important security feature, it prevents pages from different domains from
+ communicating even when those pages are not hostile. This section introduces a messaging system
+ that allows documents to communicate with each other regardless of their source domain, in a way
+ designed to not enable cross-site scripting attacks.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> in
+ <a href=#web-messaging>cross-document messaging</a> is the <dfn id=posted-message-task-source>posted message task source</dfn>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=introduction-10><span class=secno>9.4.1 </span>Introduction</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, if document A contains an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element that contains document B,
+ and script in document A calls <code title=dom-window-postMessage><a href=#dom-window-postmessage>postMessage()</a></code> on the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of document B, then a message event will be fired on that object,
+ marked as originating from the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> of document A. The script in document A might
+ look like:</p>
+
+ <pre>var o = document.getElementsByTagName('iframe')[0];
+o.contentWindow.postMessage('Hello world', 'http://b.example.org/');</pre>
+
+ <p>To register an event handler for incoming events, the script would use <code title="">addEventListener()</code> (or similar mechanisms). For example, the script in document B
+ might look like:</p>
+
+ <pre>window.addEventListener('message', receiver, false);
+function receiver(e) {
+ if (e.origin == 'http://example.com') {
+ if (e.data == 'Hello world') {
+ e.source.postMessage('Hello', e.origin);
+ } else {
+ alert(e.data);
+ }
+ }
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>This script first checks the domain is the expected domain, and then looks at the message,
+ which it either displays to the user, or responds to by sending a message back to the document
+ which sent the message in the first place.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <h4 id=security-postmsg><span class=secno>9.4.2 </span>Security</h4>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=authors><span class=secno>9.4.2.1 </span>Authors</h5>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p id=security-4 class=warning>Use of this API requires extra care to protect users from
+ hostile entities abusing a site for their own purposes.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors should check the <code title=dom-MessageEvent-origin><a href=#dom-messageevent-origin>origin</a></code> attribute to
+ ensure that messages are only accepted from domains that they expect to receive messages from.
+ Otherwise, bugs in the author's message handling code could be exploited by hostile sites.</p>
+
+ <p>Furthermore, even after checking the <code title=dom-MessageEvent-origin><a href=#dom-messageevent-origin>origin</a></code>
+ attribute, authors should also check that the data in question is of the expected format.
+ Otherwise, if the source of the event has been attacked using a cross-site scripting flaw, further
+ unchecked processing of information sent using the <code title=dom-window-postMessage><a href=#dom-window-postmessage>postMessage()</a></code> method could result in the attack being
+ propagated into the receiver.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors should not use the wildcard keyword (*) in the <var title="">targetOrigin</var>
+ argument in messages that contain any confidential information, as otherwise there is no way to
+ guarantee that the message is only delivered to the recipient to which it was intended.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Authors who accept messages from any origin are encouraged to consider the risks of a
+ denial-of-service attack. An attacker could send a high volume of messages; if the receiving page
+ performs expensive computation or causes network traffic to be sent for each such message, the
+ attacker's message could be multplied into a denial-of-service attack. Authors are encouraged to
+ employ rate limiting (only accepting a certain number of messages per minute) to make such attacks
+ impractical.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h5 id=user-agents><span class=secno>9.4.2.2 </span>User agents</h5>
+
+ <p>The integrity of this API is based on the inability for scripts of one <a href=#origin>origin</a> to
+ post arbitrary events (using <code title="">dispatchEvent()</code> or otherwise) to objects in
+ other origins (those that are not the <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a>).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Implementors are urged to take extra care in the implementation of this feature.
+ It allows authors to transmit information from one domain to another domain, which is normally
+ disallowed for security reasons. It also requires that UAs be careful to allow access to certain
+ properties but not others.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>User agents are also encouraged to consider rate-limiting message traffic between different
+ <a href=#origin title=origin>origins</a>, to protect na&iuml;ve sites from denial-of-service
+ attacks.</p>
+
+ </div>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+ <h4 id=posting-messages><span class=secno>9.4.3 </span>Posting messages</h4>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">window</var> . <code title=dom-window-postMessage><a href=#dom-window-postmessage>postMessage</a></code>(<var title="">message</var>, <var title="">targetOrigin</var> [, <var title="">transfer</var> ] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Posts a message to the given window. Messages can be structured objects, e.g. nested objects
+ and arrays, can contain JavaScript values (strings, numbers, <code>Date</code>s, etc), and can
+ contain certain data objects such as <code><a href=#file>File</a></code> <code><a href=#blob>Blob</a></code>, <code><a href=#filelist>FileList</a></code>,
+ and <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> objects.</p>
+
+ <p>Objects listed in <var title="">transfer</var> are transferred, not just cloned, meaning that
+ they are no longer usable on the sending side.</p>
+
+ <p>If the origin of the target window doesn't match the given origin, the message is discarded,
+ to avoid information leakage. To send the message to the target regardless of origin, set the
+ target origin to "<code title="">*</code>". To restrict the message to same-origin targets only,
+ without needing to explicitly state the origin, set the target origin to "<code title="">/</code>".</p>
+
+ <p>Throws a <code><a href=#datacloneerror>DataCloneError</a></code> exception if <var title="">transfer</var> array contains
+ duplicate objects or if <var title="">message</var> could not be cloned.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>When posting a message to a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> of a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>
+ that has just been navigated to a new <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is likely to result in the message not
+ receiving its intended recipient: the scripts in the target <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> have to
+ have had time to set up listeners for the messages. Thus, for instance, in situations where a
+ message is to be sent to the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> of newly created child <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>,
+ authors are advised to have the child <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> post a message to their parent
+ announcing their readiness to receive messages, and for the parent to wait for this message before
+ beginning posting messages.</p>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When a script invokes the <dfn id=dom-window-postmessage title=dom-window-postMessage><code>postMessage(<var title="">message</var>, <var title="">targetOrigin</var>, <var title="">transfer</var>)</code></dfn> method (with two or three arguments) on a
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, the user agent must follow these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- a lot of this is similar or identical to port.postMessage --><li><p>If the value of the <var title="">targetOrigin</var> argument is neither a single U+002A
+ ASTERISK character (*), a single U+002F SOLIDUS character (/), nor an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>,
+ then throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort the overall set of steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">new ports</var> be an empty array.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">transfer map</var> be an empty association list of
+ <code><a href=#transferable>Transferable</a></code> objects to placeholder objects.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the method was invoked with a third argument <var title="">transfer</var>, run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If any object is listed in <var title="">transfer</var> more than once, or any of the
+ <code><a href=#transferable>Transferable</a></code> objects listed in <var title="">transfer</var> are marked as <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-Transferable-neutered>neutered</a>, then throw a
+ <code><a href=#datacloneerror>DataCloneError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each object <var title="">x</var> in <var title="">transfer</var> in turn, add a
+ mapping from <var title="">x</var> to a new unique placeholder object created for <var title="">x</var> to <var title="">transfer map</var>, and if <var title="">x</var> is a
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object, also append the placeholder object to the <var title="">new
+ ports</var> array.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">message clone</var> be the result of obtaining a <a href=#structured-clone>structured
+ clone</a> of the <var title="">message</var> argument, with <var title="">transfer map</var>
+ as the <i>transfer map</i>. If this throws an exception, then throw that exception and abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the method was invoked with a third argument <var title="">transfer</var>, run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">new owner</var> be the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which the method was invoked.</li>
+
+ <li><p>For each object <var title="">x</var> in <var title="">transfer</var> in turn, obtain
+ a new object <var title="">y</var> by <a href=#transfer-a-transferable-object title="transfer a Transferable
+ object">transferring</a> the object <var title="">x</var> to <var title="">new
+ owner</var>, and replace the placeholder object that was created for the object <var title="">x</var> by the new object <var title="">y</var> wherever the placeholder exists
+ (i.e. in <var title="">message clone</var> and in <var title="">new ports</var>).</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Make <var title="">new ports</var> into a <a href=#dfn-read-only-array title=dfn-read-only-array>read
+ only</a> array.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return from the <code title=dom-window-postMessage><a href=#dom-window-postmessage>postMessage()</a></code> method, but
+ asynchronously continue running these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">targetOrigin</var> argument is a single literal U+002F SOLIDUS
+ character (/), and the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which the
+ method was invoked does not have the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the <a href=#responsible-document>responsible
+ document</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>, then abort these steps
+ silently.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <var title="">targetOrigin</var> argument is an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>,
+ and the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which the method was invoked
+ does not have the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as <var title="">targetOrigin</var>, then abort
+ these steps silently.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, the <var title="">targetOrigin</var> argument is a single literal U+002A ASTERISK
+ character (*), and no origin check is made.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event that uses the
+ <code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code> interface, with the event type <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code>, which does not bubble, is not cancelable, and has no
+ default action. The <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data><a href=#dom-messageevent-data>data</a></code> attribute must be
+ initialised to the value of <var title="">message clone</var>, the <code title=dom-MessageEvent-origin><a href=#dom-messageevent-origin>origin</a></code> attribute must be initialised to the <a href=#unicode-serialization-of-an-origin title="Unicode serialization of an origin">Unicode serialization</a> of the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>, the <code title=dom-MessageEvent-source><a href=#dom-messageevent-source>source</a></code> attribute must be initialised to the
+ <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object corresponding to the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> (a
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object) specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>, and the
+ <code title=dom-MessageEvent-ports><a href=#dom-messageevent-ports>ports</a></code> attribute must be initialised to the <var title="">new ports</var> array.</li>
+ <!-- invariant: the global object is always a Window if the script can see this method -->
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>dispatch</a> the
+ event created in the previous step at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which the method was
+ invoked. The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for this <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> is the
+ <a href=#posted-message-task-source>posted message task source</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=channel-messaging><span class=secno>9.5 </span><dfn>Channel messaging</dfn></h3>
+
+ <h4 id=introduction-11><span class=secno>9.5.1 </span>Introduction</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>To enable independent pieces of code (e.g. running in different <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing
+ context">browsing contexts</a>) to communicate directly, authors can use <a href=#channel-messaging>channel
+ messaging</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Communication channels in this mechanism are implemented as two-ways pipes, with a port at each
+ end. Messages sent in one port are delivered at the other port, and vice-versa. Messages are
+ asynchronous, and delivered as DOM events.</p>
+
+ <p>To create a connection (two "entangled" ports), the <code title="">MessageChannel()</code>
+ constructor is called:</p>
+
+ <pre>var channel = new MessageChannel();</pre>
+
+ <p>One of the ports is kept as the local port, and the other port is sent to the remote code, e.g.
+ using <code title=dom-window-postMessage><a href=#dom-window-postmessage>postMessage()</a></code>:</p>
+
+ <pre>otherWindow.postMessage('hello', 'http://example.com', [channel.port2]);</pre>
+
+ <p>To send messages, the <code title=dom-MessagePort-postMessage><a href=#dom-messageport-postmessage>postMessage()</a></code> method on
+ the port is used:</p>
+
+ <pre>channel.port1.postMessage('hello');</pre>
+
+ <p>To receive messages, one listens to <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> events:</p>
+
+ <pre>channel.port1.onmessage = handleMessage;
+function handleMessage(event) {
+ // message is in event.data
+ // ...
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>Data sent on a port can be structured data; for example here an array of strings is passed on a
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>:</p>
+
+ <pre>port1.postMessage(['hello', 'world']);</pre>
+
+
+ <h5 id=examples-3><span class=secno>9.5.1.1 </span>Examples</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In this example, two JavaScript libraries are connected to each other using
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>s. This allows the libraries to later be hosted in different frames, or
+ in <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> objects, without any change to the APIs.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;script src="contacts.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt; &lt;!-- exposes a contacts object --&gt;
+&lt;script src="compose-mail.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt; &lt;!-- exposes a composer object --&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var channel = new MessageChannel();
+ composer.addContactsProvider(channel.port1);
+ contacts.registerConsumer(channel.port2);
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Here's what the "addContactsProvider()" function's implementation could look like:</p>
+
+ <pre>function addContactsProvider(port) {
+ port.onmessage = function (event) {
+ switch (event.data.messageType) {
+ 'search-result': handleSearchResult(event.data.results); break;
+ 'search-done': handleSearchDone(); break;
+ 'search-error': handleSearchError(event.data.message); break;
+ // ...
+ }
+ };
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>Alternatively, it could be implemented as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>function addContactsProvider(port) {
+ port.addEventListener('message', function (event) {
+ if (event.data.messageType == 'search-result')
+ handleSearchResult(event.data.results);
+ });
+ port.addEventListener('message', function (event) {
+ if (event.data.messageType == 'search-done')
+ handleSearchDone();
+ });
+ port.addEventListener('message', function (event) {
+ if (event.data.messageType == 'search-error')
+ handleSearchError(event.data.message);
+ });
+ // ...
+ port.start();
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The key difference is that when using <code title=dom-EventTarget-addEventListener>addEventListener()</code>, the <code title=dom-MessagePort-start><a href=#dom-messageport-start>start()</a></code> method must also be invoked. When using <code title=handler-MessagePort-onmessage><a href=#handler-messageport-onmessage>onmessage</a></code>, the call to <code title=dom-MessagePort-start><a href=#dom-messageport-start>start()</a></code> is implied.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-MessagePort-start><a href=#dom-messageport-start>start()</a></code> method, whether called explicitly or
+ implicitly (by setting <code title=handler-MessagePort-onmessage><a href=#handler-messageport-onmessage>onmessage</a></code>), starts the
+ flow of messages: messages posted on message ports are initially paused, so that they don't get
+ dropped on the floor before the script has had a chance to set up its handlers.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=ports-as-the-basis-of-an-object-capability-model-on-the-web><span class=secno>9.5.1.2 </span>Ports as the basis of an object-capability model on the Web</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Ports can be viewed as a way to expose limited capabilities (in the object-capability model
+ sense) to other actors in the system. This can either be a weak capability system, where the ports
+ are merely used as a convenient model within a particular origin, or as a strong capability model,
+ where they are provided by one origin <var title="">provider</var> as the only mechanism by which
+ another origin <var title="">consumer</var> can effect change in or obtain information from <var title="">provider</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>For example, consider a situation in which a social Web site embeds in one <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>
+ the user's e-mail contacts provider (an address book site, from a second origin), and in a second
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> a game (from a third origin). The outer social site and the game in the second
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> cannot access anything inside the first <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>; together they can
+ only:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><a href=#navigate>Navigate</a> the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> to a new <a href=#url>URL</a>, such as the same
+ <a href=#url>URL</a> but with a different fragment identifier, causing the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> in the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> to receive a <code title=event-hashchange><a href=#event-hashchange>hashchange</a></code> event.</li>
+
+ <li>Resize the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, causing the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> in the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> to
+ receive a <code title=event-resize><a href=#event-resize>resize</a></code> event.</li>
+
+ <!-- anything else? -->
+
+ <li>Send a <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> event to the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> in the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> using the <code title=dom-window-postMessage><a href=#dom-window-postmessage>window.postMessage()</a></code>
+ API.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>The contacts provider can use these methods, most particularly the third one, to provide an API
+ that can be accessed by other origins to manipulate the user's address book. For example, it could
+ respond to a message "<code title="">add-contact Guillaume Tell
+ &lt;tell@pomme.example.net&gt;</code>" by adding the given person and e-mail address to the user's
+ address book.</p>
+
+ <p>To avoid any site on the Web being able to manipulate the user's contacts, the contacts
+ provider might only allow certain trusted sites, such as the social site, to do this.</p>
+
+ <p>Now suppose the game wanted to add a contact to the user's address book, and that the social
+ site was willing to allow it to do so on its behalf, essentially "sharing" the trust that the
+ contacts provider had with the social site. There are several ways it could do this; most simply,
+ it could just proxy messages between the game site and the contacts site. However, this solution
+ has a number of difficulties: it requires the social site to either completely trust the game site
+ not to abuse the privilege, or it requires that the social site verify each request to make sure
+ it's not a request that it doesn't want to allow (such as adding multiple contacts, reading the
+ contacts, or deleting them); it also requires some additional complexity if there's ever the
+ possibility of multiple games simultaneously trying to interact with the contacts provider.</p>
+
+ <p>Using message channels and <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects, however, all of these problems can
+ go away. When the game tells the social site that it wants to add a contact, the social site can
+ ask the contacts provider not for it to add a contact, but for the <em>capability</em> to add a
+ single contact. The contacts provider then creates a pair of <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects, and
+ sends one of them back to the social site, who forwards it on to the game. The game and the
+ contacts provider then have a direct connection, and the contacts provider knows to only honor a
+ single "add contact" request, nothing else. In other words, the game has been granted the
+ capability to add a single contact.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=ports-as-the-basis-of-abstracting-out-service-implementations><span class=secno>9.5.1.3 </span>Ports as the basis of abstracting out service implementations</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Continuing the example from the previous section, consider the contacts provider in particular.
+ While an initial implementation might have simply used <code><a href=#xmlhttprequest>XMLHttpRequest</a></code> objects in the
+ service's <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, an evolution of the service might instead want to use a <a href=#sharedworker title=SharedWorker>shared worker</a> with a single <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> connection.</p>
+
+ <p>If the initial design used <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects to grant capabilities, or even just
+ to allow multiple simultaneous independent sessions, the service implementation can switch from
+ the <code><a href=#xmlhttprequest>XMLHttpRequest</a></code>s-in-each-<code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> model to the
+ shared-<code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> model without changing the API at all: the ports on the service
+ provider side can all be forwarded to the shared worker without it affecting the users of the API
+ in the slightest.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=message-channels><span class=secno>9.5.2 </span>Message channels</h4>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[<a href=#dom-messagechannel title=dom-MessageChannel>Constructor</a>, Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=messagechannel>MessageChannel</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a> <a href=#dom-channel-port1 title=dom-channel-port1>port1</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a> <a href=#dom-channel-port2 title=dom-channel-port2>port2</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">channel</var> = new <code title=dom-MessageChannel><a href=#dom-messagechannel>MessageChannel</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a new <code><a href=#messagechannel>MessageChannel</a></code> object with two new <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">channel</var> . <code title=dom-MessageChannel-port1>port1</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the first <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">channel</var> . <code title=dom-MessageChannel-port2>port2</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the second <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-messagechannel title=dom-MessageChannel><code>MessageChannel()</code></dfn> constructor is
+ called, it must run the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#create-a-new-messageport-object>Create a new <code>MessagePort</code> object</a> whose <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> is the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>, and let
+ <var title="">port1</var> be that object.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-a-new-messageport-object>Create a new <code>MessagePort</code> object</a> whose <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> is the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>, and let
+ <var title="">port2</var> be that object.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#entangle>Entangle</a> the <var title="">port1</var> and <var title="">port2</var>
+ objects.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Instantiate a new <code><a href=#messagechannel>MessageChannel</a></code> object, and let <var title="">channel</var>
+ be that object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code title=dom-channel-port1><a href=#dom-channel-port1>port1</a></code> attribute of the <var title="">channel</var> object be <var title="">port1</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code title=dom-channel-port2><a href=#dom-channel-port2>port2</a></code> attribute of the <var title="">channel</var> object be <var title="">port2</var>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">channel</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=dom-channel-port1 title=dom-channel-port1><code>port1</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-channel-port2 title=dom-channel-port2><code>port2</code></dfn> attributes must return the values they were
+ assigned when the <code><a href=#messagechannel>MessageChannel</a></code> object was created.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=message-ports><span class=secno>9.5.3 </span>Message ports</h4>
+
+ <p>Each channel has two message ports. Data sent through one port is received by the other port,
+ and vice versa.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=messageport>MessagePort</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ void <a href=#dom-messageport-postmessage title=dom-MessagePort-postMessage>postMessage</a>(any message, optional sequence&lt;<a href=#transferable>Transferable</a>&gt; transfer);<!--
+ <span>MessagePort</span> <span title="dom-MessagePort-startConversation">startConversation</span>(any message);-->
+ void <a href=#dom-messageport-start title=dom-MessagePort-start>start</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-messageport-close title=dom-MessagePort-close>close</a>();
+
+ // event handlers
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-messageport-onmessage title=handler-MessagePort-onmessage>onmessage</a>;
+<!--ILLFATED attribute <span>EventHandler</span> <span title="handler-MessagePort-onerror">onerror</span>;
+-->};
+// <a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a> implements <a href=#transferable>Transferable</a>;</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">port</var> . <code title=dom-MessagePort-postMessage><a href=#dom-messageport-postmessage>postMessage</a></code>(<var title="">message</var> [, <var title="">transfer</var>] )</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Posts a message through the channel. Objects listed in <var title="">transfer</var> are
+ transferred, not just cloned, meaning that they are no longer usable on the sending side.</p>
+
+ <p>Throws a <code><a href=#datacloneerror>DataCloneError</a></code> exception if <var title="">transfer</var> array contains
+ duplicate objects or the source or target ports, or if <var title="">message</var> could not be
+ cloned.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">port</var> . <code title=dom-MessagePort-start><a href=#dom-messageport-start>start</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Begins dispatching messages received on the port.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">port</var> . <code title=dom-MessagePort-close><a href=#dom-messageport-close>close</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Disconnects the port, so that it is no longer active.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object can be entangled with another (a symmetric relationship).
+ Each <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object also has a <a href=#task-source>task source</a> called the <dfn id=port-message-queue>port
+ message queue</dfn>, initially empty. A <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a> can be enabled or
+ disabled, and is initially disabled. Once enabled, a port can never be disabled again (though
+ messages in the queue can get moved to another queue or removed altogether, which has much the
+ same effect). A <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> also has a <dfn id=has-been-shipped>has been shipped</dfn> flag, which must
+ initially be false, and an <dfn id=concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</dfn>, which is a <a href=#settings-object>settings
+ object</a> set when the object is created, as described below.</p>
+
+ <p>When a port's <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a> is enabled, the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> must use
+ it as one of its <a href=#task-source title="task source">task sources</a>. When a port's <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> specifies a <a href=#responsible-event-loop>responsible event loop</a> that is a
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>, all <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queued</a> on its <a href=#port-message-queue>port
+ message queue</a> must be associated with the <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a> specified by
+ the port's <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the port's <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> specifies a
+ <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a> that is <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>, but the event listeners all
+ have scripts whose <a href=#settings-object title="settings object">settings objects</a> specify <a href=#responsible-document title="responsible document">responsible documents</a> that are <em>not</em> <a href=#fully-active>fully
+ active</a>, then the messages will be lost.</p> <!-- because of the jump-to-entry-point
+ algorithm first step -->
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> has a <a href=#task-source>task source</a> called the <dfn id=unshipped-port-message-queue>unshipped port
+ message queue</dfn>. This is a virtual <a href=#task-source>task source</a>: it must act as if it contained
+ the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> of each <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a> of each
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> whose <a href=#has-been-shipped>has been shipped</a> flag is false, whose <a href=#port-message-queue>port
+ message queue</a> is enabled, and whose <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a>
+ specifies that <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> as the <a href=#responsible-event-loop>responsible event loop</a>, in the order in
+ which they were added to their respective <a href=#task-source>task source</a>. When a <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> would be removed from the <a href=#unshipped-port-message-queue>unshipped port message
+ queue</a>, it must instead be removed from its <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>'s <a href=#has-been-shipped>has been shipped</a> flag is false, its <a href=#port-message-queue>port
+ message queue</a> must be ignored for the purposes of the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>. (The
+ <a href=#unshipped-port-message-queue>unshipped port message queue</a> is used instead.)</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#has-been-shipped>has been shipped</a> flag is set to true when a port, its twin, or
+ the object it was cloned from, is or has been <a href=#transfer-a-transferable-object title="transfer a transferable
+ object">transferred</a>. When a <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>'s <a href=#has-been-shipped>has been shipped</a> flag
+ is true, its <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a> acts as a first-class <a href=#task-source>task source</a>,
+ unaffected to any <a href=#unshipped-port-message-queue>unshipped port message queue</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=create-a-new-messageport-object>create a new <code>MessagePort</code> object</dfn> with a
+ particular <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a> as its <var title="">owner</var>, it must instantiate a
+ new <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object, and let its <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> be
+ <var title="">owner</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=entangle>entangle</dfn> two <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects, it must run
+ the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If one of the ports is already entangled, then disentangle it and the port that it was
+ entangled with.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If those two previously entangled ports were the two ports of a
+ <code><a href=#messagechannel>MessageChannel</a></code> object, then that <code><a href=#messagechannel>MessageChannel</a></code> object no longer
+ represents an actual channel: the two ports in that object are no longer entangled.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Associate the two ports to be entangled, so that they form the two parts of a new channel.
+ (There is no <code><a href=#messagechannel>MessageChannel</a></code> object that represents this channel.)</p>
+
+ <p>Two ports <var title="">A</var> and <var title="">B</var> that have gone through this step
+ are now said to be entangled; one is entangled to the other, and vice versa.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>While this specification describes this process as instantaneous,
+ implementations are more likely to implement it via message passing. As with all algorithms, the
+ key is "merely" that the end result be indistinguishable, in a black-box sense, from the
+ specification.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=clone-a-port>clone a port</dfn> <var title="">original port</var>, with the
+ clone being owned by <var title="">owner</var>, it must run the following steps, which return a
+ new <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object. These steps must be run atomically.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set <var title="">original port</var>'s <a href=#has-been-shipped>has been shipped</a> flag to
+ true.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-a-new-messageport-object>Create a new <code>MessagePort</code> object</a> whose <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> is <var title="">owner</var>, and let <var title="">new port</var> be that object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">new port</var>'s <a href=#has-been-shipped>has been shipped</a> flag to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Move all the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> that are to fire <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> events in the <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a> of <var title="">original port</var> to the <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a> of <var title="">new
+ port</var>, if any, leaving the <var title="">new port</var>'s <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a>
+ in its initial disabled state, and, if the <var title="">new port</var>'s <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> specifies a <a href=#responsible-event-loop>responsible event loop</a> that is
+ a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>, associating the moved <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> with the <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a> specified by <var title="">new port</var>'s <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a>.</li>
+
+<!--ILLFATED
+ <li><p>If <var title="">original port</var> is <span>related to an ill-fated port</span>, then
+ create a <span title="concept-task">task</span> that <span title="fire a simple event">fires a
+ simple event</span> named <code title="event-error">error</code> at the <var title="">new
+ port</var>, and add the <span title="concept-task">task</span> to the <span>port message
+ queue</span> of <var title="">new port</var>. If the <var title="">new port</var>'s <span
+ title="concept-port-owner">owner</span> specifies a <span>responsible event loop</span> that is
+ a <span>browsing context</span> <span>event loop</span>, the <span
+ title="concept-task">task</span> must be associated with the <span>responsible document</span>
+ specified by <var title="">new port</var>'s <span
+ title="concept-port-owner">owner</span>.</p></li>
+-->
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">original port</var> is entangled with another port, then run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let the <var title="">remote port</var> be the port with which the <var title="">original port</var> is entangled.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">remote port</var>'s <a href=#has-been-shipped>has been shipped</a> flag to
+ true.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#entangle>Entangle</a> the <var title="">remote port</var> and <var title="">new
+ port</var> objects. The <var title="">original port</var> object will be disentangled by this
+ process.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">new port</var>. It is the clone.</li>
+
+ </ol><p id=transferMessagePort>To <a href=#transfer-a-transferable-object title="transfer a Transferable object">transfer</a> a
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object <var title="">old</var> to a new owner <var title="">owner</var>,
+ a user agent must <a href=#clone-a-port title="clone a port">clone</a> the <var title="">old</var> object with
+ the clone being owned by <var title="">owner</var>, thus obtaining <var title="">new</var>, must
+ <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-Transferable-neutered>neuter</a> the <var title="">old</var> port, and
+ must finally return <var title="">new</var>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-messageport-postmessage title=dom-MessagePort-postMessage><code>postMessage()</code></dfn> method, when
+ called on a port <var title="">source port</var>, must cause the user agent to run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- a lot of this is similar or identical to window.postMessage --><li><p>Let <var title="">target port</var> be the port with which <var title="">source port</var>
+ is entangled, if any.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">doomed</var> be false. It is set to true if a condition is detected that
+ will make this message cause the port to be unusable; specifically, if the message contains <var title="">target port</var> as one of the objects being <a href=#transfer-a-transferable-object title="transfer a Transferable
+ object">transferred</a>. (This condition cannot necessarily be detected synchronously.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">new ports</var> be an empty array.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">transfer map</var> be an empty association list of
+ <code><a href=#transferable>Transferable</a></code> objects to placeholder objects.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the method was invoked with a second argument <var title="">transfer</var>, run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If any object is listed in <var title="">transfer</var> more than once, or any of the
+ <code><a href=#transferable>Transferable</a></code> objects listed in <var title="">transfer</var> are marked as <a href=#concept-transferable-neutered title=concept-Transferable-neutered>neutered</a>, then throw a
+ <code><a href=#datacloneerror>DataCloneError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If any of the objects in <var title="">transfer</var> are the <var title="">source
+ port</var>, then throw a <code><a href=#datacloneerror>DataCloneError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If any of the objects in <var title="">transfer</var> are the <var title="">target
+ port</var>, if any, then let <var title="">doomed</var> be true, and optionally report to a
+ developer console that the target port was posted to itself, causing the communication channel
+ to be lost.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each object <var title="">x</var> in <var title="">transfer</var> in turn, add a
+ mapping from <var title="">x</var> to a new unique placeholder object created for <var title="">x</var> to <var title="">transfer map</var>, and if <var title="">x</var> is a
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object, also append the placeholder object to the <var title="">new
+ ports</var> array.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">message clone</var> be the result of obtaining a <a href=#structured-clone>structured
+ clone</a> of the <var title="">message</var> argument, with <var title="">transfer map</var>
+ as the <i>transfer map</i>. If this throws an exception, then throw that exception and abort
+ these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the method was invoked with a second argument <var title="">transfer</var>, run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">new owner</var> be the <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> of
+ <var title="">target port</var>, if there is a <var title="">target port</var> and <var title="">doomed</var> is false, or else some arbitrary owner. (This <var title="">new
+ owner</var> is used when transferring objects below. If there is no <var title="">target
+ port</var>, or if the <var title="">target port</var> is one of the objects being <a href=#transfer-a-transferable-object title="transfer a Transferable object">transferred</a>, the <code><a href=#transferable>Transferable</a></code>
+ objects given in the second argument, if any, are still <a href=#transfer-a-transferable-object title="transfer a Transferable
+ object">transferred</a>, but since they are then discarded, it doesn't matter where they
+ are transferred to.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each object <var title="">x</var> in <var title="">transfer</var> in turn, obtain a
+ new object <var title="">y</var> by <a href=#transfer-a-transferable-object title="transfer a Transferable
+ object">transferring</a> the object <var title="">x</var> to <var title="">new
+ owner</var>, and replace the placeholder object that was created for the object <var title="">x</var> by the new object <var title="">y</var> wherever the placeholder exists
+ (i.e. in <var title="">message clone</var> and in <var title="">new ports</var>).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Make <var title="">new ports</var> into a <a href=#dfn-read-only-array title=dfn-read-only-array>read only</a>
+ array.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is no <var title="">target port</var> (i.e. if <var title="">source port</var>
+ is not entangled), or if <var title="">doomed</var> is true, then abort these steps.</li>
+ <!-- we don't throw an exception if there is no target port because this can happen at a moment's
+ notice. we don't return false because if the port is _about_ to be closed, the message might not
+ be listened for anyway. we don't do this before the steps above because otherwise you can tell
+ the difference (in whether the ports have become useless, or in when the structured clone
+ algorithm runs scripts). We don't throw an exception for 'doomed' being true, because this can't
+ necessarily be detected synchronously -->
+
+ <li><p>Create an event that uses the <code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code> interface, with the name <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code>, which does not bubble, is not cancelable, and has no
+ default action.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data><a href=#dom-messageevent-data>data</a></code> attribute of the event be
+ initialised to the value of <var title="">message clone</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code title=dom-MessageEvent-ports><a href=#dom-messageevent-ports>ports</a></code> attribute of the event be
+ initialised to the <var title="">new ports</var> array.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Add the event to the <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a> of <var title="">target
+ port</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><!--
+ <hr>
+
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-MessagePort-startConversation"><code>startConversation(<var
+ title="">message</var>)</code></dfn> method is a convenience method that simplifies create a new
+ <code>MessageChannel</code> and invoking <code
+ title="dom-MessagePort-postMessage">postMessage()</code> with one of the new ports. When invoked
+ on a port <var title="">source port</var>, it must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">message</var> be the method's first argument.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p><span>Create a new <code>MessagePort</code> object</span> whose <span
+ title="concept-port-owner">owner</span> is the <span>incumbent settings
+ object</span>, and let <var title="">port1</var> be that object.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <var title="">source port</var> is not entangled with another port, then return
+ <var title="">port1</var> and abort these steps.</p></li> <!- - we don't throw an exception
+ because this can happen moment's notice. we don't return null because then we'd end up with null
+ derefs. better to just let the likely next postMessage call fall on the floor. - ->
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">target port</var> be the port with which <var title="">source port</var>
+ is entangled.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p><span>Create a new <code>MessagePort</code> object</span> whose <span
+ title="concept-port-owner">owner</span> is the <span title="concept-port-owner">owner</span> of
+ the <var title="">target port</var>, and let <var title="">port2</var> be that object.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p><span>Entangle</span> the <var title="">port1</var> and <var title="">port2</var>
+ objects.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Create an event that uses the <code>MessageEvent</code> interface, with the name <code
+ title="event-message">message</code>, which does not bubble, is not cancelable, and has no
+ default action.
+ </p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code title="dom-MessageEvent-data">data</code> attribute of the event be
+ initialised to the value of <var title="">message</var>, the method's first argument.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <code title="dom-MessageEvent-ports">ports</code> attribute of the event be
+ initialised to a <span title="dfn-read-only-array">read only</span> array containing only <var
+ title="">port2</var>.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">port1</var> from the method, but continue with these steps.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Add the event to the <span>port message queue</span> of <var title="">target
+ port</var>.</p></li>
+
+ </ol>
+--><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-messageport-start title=dom-MessagePort-start><code>start()</code></dfn> method must enable its port's
+ <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a>, if it is not already enabled.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-messageport-close title=dom-MessagePort-close><code>close()</code></dfn> method, when called on a port
+ <var title="">local port</var> that is entangled with another port, must cause the user agent to
+ disentangle the two ports. If the method is called on a port that is not entangled, then the
+ method must do nothing.</p>
+
+<!--ILLFATED (search for '- -')
+ <hr>
+
+ <p>In some circumstances, an entangled <code>MessagePort</code> <var title="">source port</var>
+ that is not <a href="#ports-and-garbage-collection">eligible for garbage collection</a> will
+ nonetheless find itself prematurely destroyed, for example if the user manually terminates the
+ user agent's host process. Under such circumstances, user agents should attempt to following these
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <!- - don't fire this for navigation, it would break bfcache - ->
+ <!- - for consistency, we don't fire this for worker termination - ->
+ <!- - we don't fire it on .close() because that would let you probe GC behaviour also - ->
+
+ <ol>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">target port</var> be the port with which the ill-fated <var
+ title="">source port</var> is entangled.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is no <var title="">target port</var> (i.e. if <var title="">source port</var>
+ is not entangled), or if <var title="">target port</var> is suffering the same fate as <var
+ title="">source port</var> (e.g. if both ports are in the same host process), then abort these
+ steps.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Mark <var title="">target port</var> as being a <dfn>related to an ill-fated
+ port</dfn>.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a <span title="concept-task">task</span> that <span title="fire a simple
+ event">fires a simple event</span> named <code title="event-error">error</code> at <var
+ title="">target port</var>, and add the <span title="concept-task">task</span> to the
+ <span>port message queue</span> of <var title="">target port</var>. If the <var title="">new
+ port</var>'s <span title="concept-port-owner">owner</span> specifies a <span>responsible event
+ loop</span> that is a <span>browsing context</span> <span>event loop</span>, the <span
+ title="concept-task">task</span> must be associated with the <span>responsible document</span>
+ specified by <var title="">source port</var>'s <span
+ title="concept-port-owner">owner</span>.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Disentangle the two ports.</p></li>
+
+ </ol>
+
+ <p class="note">This does not happen if the port is garbage collected or closed using the <code
+ title="dom-messageport-close">close()</code> method. It is intended only as a way for Web
+ applications that operate across multiple browser processes (e.g. using workers or communicating
+ across multiple tabs) to gracefully handle a catastrophic failure in one process. A strictly
+ conforming user agent would never fail unexpectedly, and thus would never send this event!</p>
+-->
+
+ <hr><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) that must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event
+ handler IDL attributes</a>, by all objects implementing the <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>
+ interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-messageport-onmessage title=handler-MessagePort-onmessage><code>onmessage</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code>
+<!--ILLFATED <tr><td><dfn title="handler-MessagePort-onerror"><code>onerror</code></dfn> <td> <code title="event-error">error</code>
+--> </table><p>The first time a <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object's <code title=handler-MessagePort-onmessage><a href=#handler-messageport-onmessage>onmessage</a></code> IDL attribute is set, the port's <a href=#port-message-queue>port
+ message queue</a> must be enabled, as if the <code title=dom-MessagePort-start><a href=#dom-messageport-start>start()</a></code>
+ method had been called.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=broadcasting-to-many-ports><span class=secno>9.5.4 </span>Broadcasting to many ports</h4>
+
+ <p class=critical>The API described in this section is controversial, as, in an attempt to solve
+ an architectural memory leak, it instead exposes the details of Garbage Collection. This is a
+ lose-lose scenario. A better solution is really needed here.</p>
+
+ <p>Broadcasting to many ports is in principle relatively simple: keep an array of
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects to send messages to, and iterate through the array to send a
+ message. However, this has one rather unfortunate effect: it prevents the ports from being garbage
+ collected, even if the other side has gone away.</p>
+
+ <p>To avoid this problem, the <code><a href=#portcollection>PortCollection</a></code> object can be used. It acts as an opaque
+ array of <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects, thus allowing the objects to be garbage collected when
+ they stop being relevant, while still allowing scripts to iterate over the
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[<a href=#dom-portcollection title=dom-PortCollection>Constructor</a>, Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=portcollection>PortCollection</dfn> {
+ void <a href=#dom-portcollection-add title=dom-PortCollection-add>add</a>(<a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a> port);
+ void <a href=#dom-portcollection-remove title=dom-PortCollection-remove>remove</a>(<a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a> port);
+ void <a href=#dom-portcollection-clear title=dom-PortCollection-clear>clear</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-portcollection-iterate title=dom-PortCollection-iterate>iterate</a>(<a href=#portcollectioncallback>PortCollectionCallback</a> callback);
+};
+
+callback <dfn id=portcollectioncallback>PortCollectionCallback</dfn> = void (<a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a> port);</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">portCollection</var> = new <code title=dom-PortCollection><a href=#dom-portcollection>PortCollection</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a new empty <code><a href=#portcollection>PortCollection</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">portCollection</var> . <code title=dom-PortCollection-add><a href=#dom-portcollection-add>add</a></code>(<var title="">port</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Adds <var title="">port</var> to the collection, if it isn't already present.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">portCollection</var> . <code title=dom-PortCollection-remove><a href=#dom-portcollection-remove>remove</a></code>(<var title="">port</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Removes <var title="">port</var> from the collection, if it is present.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">portCollection</var> . <code title=dom-PortCollection-clear><a href=#dom-portcollection-clear>clear</a></code>()</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Removes all ports from the collection.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">portCollection</var> . <code title=dom-PortCollection-iterate><a href=#dom-portcollection-iterate>iterate</a></code>(<var title="">callback</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Calls <var title="">callback</var> for each port in the collection.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#portcollection>PortCollection</a></code> object has an initially empty <dfn id=concept-portcollection-list title=concept-PortCollection-list>list of ports</dfn>. When a <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object in
+ a <a href=#concept-portcollection-list title=concept-PortCollection-list>list of ports</a> is garbage collected, it must be
+ silently removed from that <a href=#concept-portcollection-list title=concept-PortCollection-list>list of ports</a>. Objects
+ in a <a href=#concept-portcollection-list title=concept-PortCollection-list>list of ports</a> are ordered chronologically by
+ the time at which they were most recently added; the least-recently added <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>
+ object is the first in the list, and the most-recently added <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> is the last
+ in the list.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-portcollection title=dom-PortCollection><code>PortCollection()</code></dfn> constructor must return
+ a new <code><a href=#portcollection>PortCollection</a></code> object (with an empty <a href=#concept-portcollection-list title=concept-PortCollection-list>list of ports</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-portcollection-add title=dom-PortCollection-add><code>add()</code></dfn> method must add the
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> given by the argument to the <code><a href=#portcollection>PortCollection</a></code> object's <a href=#concept-portcollection-list title=concept-PortCollection-list>list of ports</a>, unless the <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> is
+ already in the <a href=#concept-portcollection-list title=concept-PortCollection-list>list of ports</a>, in which case the
+ method does nothing. (Calling this method with a port already in the list does not move the port
+ to the end of the list.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-portcollection-remove title=dom-PortCollection-remove><code>remove()</code></dfn> method must remove the
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> given by the argument from the <code><a href=#portcollection>PortCollection</a></code> object's <a href=#concept-portcollection-list title=concept-PortCollection-list>list of ports</a>, unless the <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> is
+ not in the <a href=#concept-portcollection-list title=concept-PortCollection-list>list of ports</a>, in which case the
+ method does nothing.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-portcollection-clear title=dom-PortCollection-clear><code>clear()</code></dfn> method must remove all
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects from the <code><a href=#portcollection>PortCollection</a></code> object's <a href=#concept-portcollection-list title=concept-PortCollection-list>list of ports</a>, returning it to the initial empty state.
+ If the <a href=#concept-portcollection-list title=concept-PortCollection-list>list of ports</a> is already empty, the method
+ does nothing.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-portcollection-iterate title=dom-PortCollection-iterate><code>iterate()</code></dfn> method must invoke its
+ <code><a href=#portcollectioncallback>PortCollectionCallback</a></code> argument once for each <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object in the
+ object's <a href=#concept-portcollection-list title=concept-PortCollection-list>list of ports</a>, in the order defined
+ above, with each invocation being passed the corresponding <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object as the
+ callback's sole argument.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=ports-and-garbage-collection><span class=secno>9.5.5 </span>Ports and garbage collection</h4>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object <var title="">o</var> is entangled, user agents must
+ either act as if <var title="">o</var>'s entangled <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object has a strong
+ reference to <var title="">o</var>, or as if the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified by <var title="">o</var>'s <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> has a strong reference to <var title="">o</var>.</p>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>Thus, a message port can be received, given an event listener, and then forgotten, and so long
+ as that event listener could receive a message, the channel will be maintained.</p>
+
+ <p>Of course, if this was to occur on both sides of the channel, then both ports could be garbage
+ collected, since they would not be reachable from live code, despite having a strong reference to
+ each other.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Furthermore, a <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object must not be garbage collected while there exists
+ an event in a <a href=#task-queue>task queue</a> that is to be dispatched on that <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>
+ object, or while the <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> object's <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a> is enabled
+ and there exists a <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> event in that queue.</p> <!-- we
+ might not need to explicitly say the first part if DOM Events is fixed to say that events on a
+ task queue prevent GC, and the second part really is pretty redundant so maybe we don't need that
+ either -->
+
+ <!-- ports in the ports attribute of a MessageEvent that isn't dispatched yet are safe because the
+ MessageEvent is safe -->
+
+ <p>There are no strong references from a <code><a href=#portcollection>PortCollection</a></code> object to its
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects. (That is in fact the whole point of <code><a href=#portcollection>PortCollection</a></code>
+ objects: they allow for <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects to be referenced without preventing them
+ from being garbage collected.)</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>Authors are strongly encouraged to explicitly close <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>
+ objects to disentangle them, so that their resources can be recollected. Creating many
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects and discarding them without closing them can lead to high
+ transient memory usage since garbage collection is not necessarily performed promptly, especially
+ for <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>s where garbage collection can involve cross-process coordination.</p>
+
+<!--POSTMSG-->
+
+
+ <h3 id=broadcasting-to-other-browsing-contexts><span class=secno>9.6 </span><dfn title="broadcast channels">Broadcasting to other browsing contexts</dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>Pages on a single <a href=#origin>origin</a> opened by the same user in the same user agent but in
+ different unrelated <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing contexts</a> sometimes need to
+ send notifications to each other, for example "hey, the user logged in over here, check your
+ credentials again".</p>
+
+ <p>For elaborate cases, e.g. to manage locking of shared state, to manage synchronisation of
+ resources between a server and multiple local clients, to share a <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code>
+ connection with a remote host, and so forth, <a href=#sharedworker title=SharedWorker>shared workers</a> are
+ the most appropriate solution.</p>
+
+ <p>For simple cases, though, where a shared worker would be an unreasonable overhead, authors can
+ use the simple channel-based broadcast mechanism described in this section.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[<a href=#dom-broadcastchannel title=dom-BroadcastChannel>Constructor</a>(DOMString channel)]
+interface <dfn id=broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-broadcastchannel-name title=dom-BroadcastChannel-name>name</a>;
+ void <a href=#dom-broadcastchannel-postmessage title=dom-BroadcastChannel-postMessage>postMessage</a>(any message);
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-broadcastchannel-onmessage title=handler-BroadcastChannel-onmessage>onmessage</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <dl class=domintro><dt><var title="">broadcastChannel</var> = new <code title=dom-BroadcastChannel><a href=#dom-broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code>(<var title="">channel</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns a new <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code> object via which messages for the given channel can be sent and received.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">broadcastChannel</var> . <code title=dom-BroadcastChannel-name><a href=#dom-broadcastchannel-name>name</a></code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Returns the channel ID (as passed to the constructor).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><var title="">broadcastChannel</var> . <code title=dom-BroadcastChannel-postMessage><a href=#dom-broadcastchannel-postmessage>postMessage</a></code>(<var title="">message</var>)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Sends the given message to other <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code> objects set up for this channel. Messages can be structured objects, e.g. nested objects and arrays.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code> object has a <dfn id=channel-name>channel name</dfn> and a
+ <dfn id=broadcastchannel-settings-object><code>BroadcastChannel</code> settings object</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-broadcastchannel title=dom-BroadcastChannel><code>BroadcastChannel()</code></dfn> constructor, when
+ invoked, must create and return a <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code> object whose <a href=#channel-name>channel
+ name</a> is the constructor's first argument, and whose <a href=#broadcastchannel-settings-object><code>BroadcastChannel</code>
+ settings object</a> is the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-broadcastchannel-name title=dom-BroadcastChannel-name><code>name</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ <a href=#channel-name>channel name</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-broadcastchannel-postmessage title=dom-BroadcastChannel-postMessage><code>postMessage()</code></dfn> method,
+ when invoked on a <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code> object <var title="">source</var> with an
+ argument <var title="">message</var>, must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">source settings</var> be <var title="">source</var>'s
+ <a href=#broadcastchannel-settings-object><code>BroadcastChannel</code> settings object</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">source channel</var> be <var title="">source</var>'s
+ <a href=#channel-name>channel name</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">cloned message</var> be a <a href=#structured-clone>structured clone</a> of the <var title="">message</var> argument. If this throws an exception, then rethrow that exception and
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">destinations</var> be a list of <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code> objects that
+ match the following criteria:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>Their <a href=#broadcastchannel-settings-object><code>BroadcastChannel</code> settings object</a> specifies a
+ <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a> that is <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Their <a href=#broadcastchannel-settings-object><code>BroadcastChannel</code> settings object</a> specifies an
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> that is the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified
+ by <var title="">source settings</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Their <a href=#channel-name>channel name</a> is a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for <var title="">source channel</var>.</li>
+
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove <var title="">source</var> from <var title="">destinations</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Sort <var title="">destinations</var> such that all <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code> objects
+ whose <a href=#broadcastchannel-settings-object title="BroadcastChannel settings object"><code>BroadcastChannel</code> settings
+ objects</a> specify the same <a href=#responsible-event-loop>responsible event loop</a> are sorted in creation
+ order, oldest first. (This does not define a complete ordering. Within this constraint, user
+ agents may sort the list in any user-agent defined manner.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code> object in <var title="">destinations</var>,
+ <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> that runs the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Create an event that uses the <code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code> interface, with the event type
+ <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code>, which does not bubble, is not cancelable, and has
+ no default action. The <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data><a href=#dom-messageevent-data>data</a></code> attribute must be
+ initialised to a <a href=#structured-clone>structured clone</a> of <var title="">cloned message</var><!-- it's
+ a clone of /cloned message/, not /message/, so that there's no risk of running scripts again
+ -->, and the <code title=dom-MessageEvent-origin><a href=#dom-messageevent-origin>origin</a></code> attribute must be initialised
+ to the <a href=#unicode-serialization-of-an-origin title="Unicode serialization of an origin">Unicode serialization</a> of the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by <var title="">source settings</var>. This event is not <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>Dispatch</a> the event at the
+ <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> must be associated with the <a href=#responsible-document>responsible
+ document</a> specified by the <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code> object's
+ <a href=#broadcastchannel-settings-object><code>BroadcastChannel</code> settings object</a>, and must use the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM
+ manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>While a <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code> object has an event listener registered for <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> events, there must be a strong reference from <a href=#global-object>global
+ object</a> specified by the <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code> object's
+ <a href=#broadcastchannel-settings-object><code>BroadcastChannel</code> settings object</a> to the <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code>
+ object itself.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) that must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event
+ handler IDL attributes</a>, by all objects implementing the <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code>
+ interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-broadcastchannel-onmessage title=handler-BroadcastChannel-onmessage><code>onmessage</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code>
+ </table></div>
+
+ <p class=note>Authors are strongly encouraged to explicitly close <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>
+ objects to disentangle them, so that their resources can be recollected. Creating many
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects and discarding them without closing them can lead to high
+ transient memory usage since garbage collection is not necessarily performed promptly.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Suppose a page wants to know when the user logs out, even when the user does so from another
+ tab at the same site:</p>
+
+ <pre>var authChannel = new BroadcastChannel('auth');
+authChannel.onmessage = function (event) {
+ if (event.data == 'logout')
+ showLogout();
+}
+
+function logoutRequested() {
+ // called when the user asks us to log them out
+ doLogout();
+ showLogout();
+ authChannel.postMessage('logout');
+}
+
+function doLogout() {
+ // actually log the user out (e.g. clearing cookies)
+ // ...
+}
+
+function showLogout() {
+ // update the UI to indicate we're logged out
+ // ...
+}</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Workers-->
+
+ <h2 id=workers><span class=secno>10 </span>Web workers</h2>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=introduction-12><span class=secno>10.1 </span>Introduction</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=scope-0><span class=secno>10.1.1 </span>Scope</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>This specification defines an API for running scripts in the background independently of any
+ user interface scripts.</p>
+
+ <p>This allows for long-running scripts that are not interrupted by scripts that respond to clicks
+ or other user interactions, and allows long tasks to be executed without yielding to keep the page
+ responsive.</p>
+
+ <p>Workers (as these background scripts are called herein) are relatively heavy-weight, and are
+ not intended to be used in large numbers. For example, it would be inappropriate to launch one
+ worker for each pixel of a four megapixel image. The examples below show some appropriate uses of
+ workers.</p>
+
+ <p>Generally, workers are expected to be long-lived, have a high start-up performance cost, and a
+ high per-instance memory cost.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=examples-4><span class=secno>10.1.2 </span>Examples</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>There are a variety of uses that workers can be put to. The following subsections show various
+ examples of this use.</p>
+
+ <h5 id=a-background-number-crunching-worker><span class=secno>10.1.2.1 </span>A background number-crunching worker</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The simplest use of workers is for performing a computationally
+ expensive task without interrupting the user interface.</p>
+
+ <p>In this example, the main document spawns a worker to (na&iuml;vely) compute prime numbers, and
+ progressively displays the most recently found prime number.</p>
+
+ <p>The main page is as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Worker example: One-core computation&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;The highest prime number discovered so far is: &lt;output id="result"&gt;&lt;/output&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ var worker = new Worker('worker.js');
+ worker.onmessage = function (event) {
+ document.getElementById('result').textContent = event.data;
+ };
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-Worker><a href=#dom-worker>Worker()</a></code> constructor call creates a worker and returns a
+ <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> object representing that worker, which is used to communicate with the worker.
+ That object's <code title=handler-Worker-onmessage><a href=#handler-worker-onmessage>onmessage</a></code> event handler allows the
+ code to receive messages from the worker.</p>
+
+ <p>The worker itself is as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>var n = 1;
+search: while (true) {
+ n += 1;
+ for (var i = 2; i &lt;= Math.sqrt(n); i += 1)
+ if (n % i == 0)
+ continue search;
+ // found a prime!
+ postMessage(n);
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>The bulk of this code is simply an unoptimised search for a prime number. The <code title=dom-DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope-postMessage><a href=#dom-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-postmessage>postMessage()</a></code> method is used to send a
+ message back to the page when a prime is found.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=//www.whatwg.org/demos/workers/primes/page.html>View this example online</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=worker-used-for-background-i/o><span class=secno>10.1.2.2 </span>Worker used for background I/O</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>In this example, the main document uses two workers, one for fetching stock updates at regular
+ intervals, and one for performing search queries that the user requests.</p>
+
+ <p>The main page is as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Worker example: Stock ticker&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ // TICKER
+ var symbol = 'GOOG'; // default symbol to watch
+ var ticker = new Worker('ticker.js');
+
+ // SEARCHER
+ var searcher = new Worker('searcher.js');
+ function search(query) {
+ searcher.postMessage(query);
+ }
+
+ // SYMBOL SELECTION UI
+ function select(newSymbol) {
+ symbol = newSymbol;
+ ticker.postMessage(symbol);
+ }
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body onload="search('')"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;output id="symbol"&gt;&lt;/output&gt; &lt;output id="value"&gt;&lt;/output&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ ticker.onmessage = function (event) {
+ var data = event.data.split(' ');
+ document.getElementById('symbol').textContent = data[0];
+ document.getElementById('value').textContent = data[1];
+ };
+ ticker.postMessage(symbol);
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;label&gt;Search: &lt;input type="text" autofocus oninput="search(this.value)"&gt;&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;ul id="results"&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ searcher.onmessage = function (event) {
+ var data = event.data.split(' ');
+ var results = document.getElementById('results');
+ while (results.hasChildNodes()) // clear previous results
+ results.removeChild(results.firstChild);
+ for (var i = 0; i &lt; data.length; i += 1) {
+ // add a list item with a button for each result
+ var li = document.createElement('li');
+ var button = document.createElement('button');
+ button.value = data[i];
+ button.type = 'button';
+ button.onclick = function () { select(this.value); };
+ button.textContent = data[i];
+ li.appendChild(button);
+ results.appendChild(li);
+ }
+ };
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;(The data in this example is not real. Try searching for "Google" or "Apple".)&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The two workers use a common library for performing the actual network calls. This library is
+ as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>function get(url) {
+ try {
+ var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
+ xhr.open('GET', url, false);
+ xhr.send();
+ return xhr.responseText;
+ } catch (e) {
+ return ''; // turn all errors into empty results
+ }
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>The stock updater worker is as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>importScripts('io.js');
+var timer;
+var symbol;
+function update() {
+ postMessage(symbol + ' ' + get('stock.cgi?' + symbol));
+ timer = setTimeout(update, 10000);
+}
+onmessage = function (event) {
+ if (timer)
+ clearTimeout(timer);
+ symbol = event.data;
+ update();
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The search query worker is as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>importScripts('io.js');
+onmessage = function (event) {
+ postMessage(get('search.cgi?' + event.data));
+};</pre>
+
+ <p><a href=//www.whatwg.org/demos/workers/stocks/page.html>View this example online</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=shared-workers-introduction><span class=secno>10.1.2.3 </span>Shared workers introduction</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>This section introduces shared workers using a Hello World example. Shared workers use slightly
+ different APIs, since each worker can have multiple connections.</p>
+
+ <p>This first example shows how you connect to a worker and how a worker can send a message back
+ to the page when it connects to it. Received messages are displayed in a log.</p>
+
+ <p>Here is the HTML page:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Shared workers: demo 1&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;pre id="log"&gt;Log:&lt;/pre&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var worker = new SharedWorker('test.js');
+ var log = document.getElementById('log');
+ worker.port.onmessage = function(e) { // note: not worker.onmessage!
+ log.textContent += '\n' + e.data;
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;
+</pre>
+
+ <p>Here is the JavaScript worker:</p>
+
+ <pre>onconnect = function(e) {
+ var port = e.ports[0];
+ port.postMessage('Hello World!');
+}
+</pre>
+
+ <p><a href=//www.whatwg.org/demos/workers/shared/001/test.html>View this example online</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>This second example extends the first one by changing two things: first, messages are received
+ using <code title="">addEventListener()</code> instead of an <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes title="event handler IDL
+ attributes">event handler IDL attribute</a>, and second, a message is sent <em>to</em> the
+ worker, causing the worker to send another message in return. Received messages are again
+ displayed in a log.</p>
+
+ <p>Here is the HTML page:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Shared workers: demo 2&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;pre id="log"&gt;Log:&lt;/pre&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var worker = new SharedWorker('test.js');
+ var log = document.getElementById('log');
+ worker.port.addEventListener('message', function(e) {
+ log.textContent += '\n' + e.data;
+ }, false);
+ worker.port.start(); // note: need this when using addEventListener
+ worker.port.postMessage('ping');
+&lt;/script&gt;
+</pre>
+
+ <p>Here is the JavaScript worker:</p>
+
+ <pre>onconnect = function(e) {
+ var port = e.ports[0];
+ port.postMessage('Hello World!');
+ port.onmessage = function(e) {
+ port.postMessage('pong'); // not e.ports[0].postMessage!
+ // e.target.postMessage('pong'); would work also
+ }
+}
+</pre>
+
+ <p><a href=//www.whatwg.org/demos/workers/shared/002/test.html>View this example online</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>Finally, the example is extended to show how two pages can connect to the same worker; in this
+ case, the second page is merely in an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> on the first page, but the same
+ principle would apply to an entirely separate page in a separate <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing
+ context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Here is the outer HTML page:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Shared workers: demo 3&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;pre id="log"&gt;Log:&lt;/pre&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var worker = new SharedWorker('test.js');
+ var log = document.getElementById('log');
+ worker.port.addEventListener('message', function(e) {
+ log.textContent += '\n' + e.data;
+ }, false);
+ worker.port.start();
+ worker.port.postMessage('ping');
+&lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;iframe src="inner.html"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;
+</pre>
+
+ <p>Here is the inner HTML page:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Shared workers: demo 3 inner frame&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;pre id=log&gt;Inner log:&lt;/pre&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ var worker = new SharedWorker('test.js');
+ var log = document.getElementById('log');
+ worker.port.onmessage = function(e) {
+ log.textContent += '\n' + e.data;
+ }
+&lt;/script&gt;
+</pre>
+
+ <p>Here is the JavaScript worker:</p>
+
+ <pre>var count = 0;
+onconnect = function(e) {
+ count += 1;
+ var port = e.ports[0];
+ port.postMessage('Hello World! You are connection #' + count);
+ port.onmessage = function(e) {
+ port.postMessage('pong');
+ }
+}
+</pre>
+
+ <p><a href=//www.whatwg.org/demos/workers/shared/003/test.html>View this example online</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=shared-state-using-a-shared-worker><span class=secno>10.1.2.4 </span>Shared state using a shared worker</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>In this example, multiple windows (viewers) can be opened that are all viewing the same map.
+ All the windows share the same map information, with a single worker coordinating all the viewers.
+ Each viewer can move around independently, but if they set any data on the map, all the viewers
+ are updated.</p>
+
+ <p>The main page isn't interesting, it merely provides a way to open the viewers:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Workers example: Multiviewer&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ function openViewer() {
+ window.open('viewer.html');
+ }
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;button type=button onclick="openViewer()"&gt;Open a new
+ viewer&lt;/button&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Each viewer opens in a new window. You can have as many viewers
+ as you like, they all view the same data.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The viewer is more involved:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Workers example: Multiviewer viewer&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ var worker = new SharedWorker('worker.js', 'core');
+
+ // CONFIGURATION
+ function configure(event) {
+ if (event.data.substr(0, 4) != 'cfg ') return;
+ var name = event.data.substr(4).split(' ', 1)[0];
+ // update display to mention our name is name
+ document.getElementsByTagName('h1')[0].textContent += ' ' + name;
+ // no longer need this listener
+ worker.port.removeEventListener('message', configure, false);
+ }
+ worker.port.addEventListener('message', configure, false);
+
+ // MAP
+ function paintMap(event) {
+ if (event.data.substr(0, 4) != 'map ') return;
+ var data = event.data.substr(4).split(',');
+ // display tiles data[0] .. data[8]
+ var canvas = document.getElementById('map');
+ var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
+ for (var y = 0; y &lt; 3; y += 1) {
+ for (var x = 0; x &lt; 3; x += 1) {
+ var tile = data[y * 3 + x];
+ if (tile == '0')
+ context.fillStyle = 'green';
+ else
+ context.fillStyle = 'maroon';
+ context.fillRect(x * 50, y * 50, 50, 50);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ worker.port.addEventListener('message', paintMap, false);
+
+ // PUBLIC CHAT
+ function updatePublicChat(event) {
+ if (event.data.substr(0, 4) != 'txt ') return;
+ var name = event.data.substr(4).split(' ', 1)[0];
+ var message = event.data.substr(4 + name.length + 1);
+ // display "&lt;name&gt; message" in public chat
+ var public = document.getElementById('public');
+ var p = document.createElement('p');
+ var n = document.createElement('button');
+ n.textContent = '&lt;' + name + '&gt; ';
+ n.onclick = function () { worker.port.postMessage('msg ' + name); };
+ p.appendChild(n);
+ var m = document.createElement('span');
+ m.textContent = message;
+ p.appendChild(m);
+ public.appendChild(p);
+ }
+ worker.port.addEventListener('message', updatePublicChat, false);
+
+ // PRIVATE CHAT
+ function startPrivateChat(event) {
+ if (event.data.substr(0, 4) != 'msg ') return;
+ var name = event.data.substr(4).split(' ', 1)[0];
+ var port = event.ports[0];
+ // display a private chat UI
+ var ul = document.getElementById('private');
+ var li = document.createElement('li');
+ var h3 = document.createElement('h3');
+ h3.textContent = 'Private chat with ' + name;
+ li.appendChild(h3);
+ var div = document.createElement('div');
+ var addMessage = function(name, message) {
+ var p = document.createElement('p');
+ var n = document.createElement('strong');
+ n.textContent = '&lt;' + name + '&gt; ';
+ p.appendChild(n);
+ var t = document.createElement('span');
+ t.textContent = message;
+ p.appendChild(t);
+ div.appendChild(p);
+ };
+ port.onmessage = function (event) {
+ addMessage(name, event.data);
+ };
+ li.appendChild(div);
+ var form = document.createElement('form');
+ var p = document.createElement('p');
+ var input = document.createElement('input');
+ input.size = 50;
+ p.appendChild(input);
+ p.appendChild(document.createTextNode(' '));
+ var button = document.createElement('button');
+ button.textContent = 'Post';
+ p.appendChild(button);
+ form.onsubmit = function () {
+ port.postMessage(input.value);
+ addMessage('me', input.value);
+ input.value = '';
+ return false;
+ };
+ form.appendChild(p);
+ li.appendChild(form);
+ ul.appendChild(li);
+ }
+ worker.port.addEventListener('message', startPrivateChat, false);
+
+ worker.port.start();
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;h1&gt;Viewer&lt;/h1&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Map&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;&lt;canvas id="map" height=150 width=150&gt;&lt;/canvas&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;button type=button onclick="worker.port.postMessage('mov left')"&gt;Left&lt;/button&gt;
+ &lt;button type=button onclick="worker.port.postMessage('mov up')"&gt;Up&lt;/button&gt;
+ &lt;button type=button onclick="worker.port.postMessage('mov down')"&gt;Down&lt;/button&gt;
+ &lt;button type=button onclick="worker.port.postMessage('mov right')"&gt;Right&lt;/button&gt;
+ &lt;button type=button onclick="worker.port.postMessage('set 0')"&gt;Set 0&lt;/button&gt;
+ &lt;button type=button onclick="worker.port.postMessage('set 1')"&gt;Set 1&lt;/button&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Public Chat&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;div id="public"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
+ &lt;form onsubmit="worker.port.postMessage('txt ' + message.value); message.value = ''; return false;"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;input type="text" name="message" size="50"&gt;
+ &lt;button&gt;Post&lt;/button&gt;
+ &lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/form&gt;
+ &lt;h2&gt;Private Chat&lt;/h2&gt;
+ &lt;ul id="private"&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</pre>
+
+ <p>There are several key things worth noting about the way the viewer is written.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Multiple listeners</strong>. Instead of a single message processing function, the code
+ here attaches multiple event listeners, each one performing a quick check to see if it is relevant
+ for the message. In this example it doesn't make much difference, but if multiple authors wanted
+ to collaborate using a single port to communicate with a worker, it would allow for independent
+ code instead of changes having to all be made to a single event handling function.</p>
+
+ <p>Registering event listeners in this way also allows you to unregister specific listeners when
+ you are done with them, as is done with the <code title="">configure()</code> method in this
+ example.</p>
+
+ <p>Finally, the worker:</p>
+
+ <pre>
+var nextName = 0;
+function getNextName() {
+ // this could use more friendly names
+ // but for now just return a number
+ return nextName++;
+}
+
+var map = [
+ [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+ [1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1],
+ [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],
+ [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1],
+ [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],
+ [1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1],
+ [1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],
+];
+
+function wrapX(x) {
+ if (x &lt; 0) return wrapX(x + map[0].length);
+ if (x &gt;= map[0].length) return wrapX(x - map[0].length);
+ return x;
+}
+
+function wrapY(y) {
+ if (y &lt; 0) return wrapY(y + map.length);
+ if (y &gt;= map[0].length) return wrapY(y - map.length);
+ return y;
+}
+
+function wrap(val, min, max) {
+ if (val &lt; min)
+ return val + (max-min)+1;
+ if (val &gt; max)
+ return val - (max-min)-1;
+ return val;
+}
+
+function sendMapData(viewer) {
+ var data = '';
+ for (var y = viewer.y-1; y &lt;= viewer.y+1; y += 1) {
+ for (var x = viewer.x-1; x &lt;= viewer.x+1; x += 1) {
+ if (data != '')
+ data += ',';
+ data += map[wrap(y, 0, map[0].length-1)][wrap(x, 0, map.length-1)];
+ }
+ }
+ viewer.port.postMessage('map ' + data);
+}
+
+var viewers = {};
+onconnect = function (event) {
+ var name = getNextName();
+ event.ports[0]._data = { port: event.ports[0], name: name, x: 0, y: 0, };
+ viewers[name] = event.ports[0]._data;
+ event.ports[0].postMessage('cfg ' + name);
+ event.ports[0].onmessage = getMessage;
+ sendMapData(event.ports[0]._data);
+};
+
+function getMessage(event) {
+ switch (event.data.substr(0, 4)) {
+ case 'mov ':
+ var direction = event.data.substr(4);
+ var dx = 0;
+ var dy = 0;
+ switch (direction) {
+ case 'up': dy = -1; break;
+ case 'down': dy = 1; break;
+ case 'left': dx = -1; break;
+ case 'right': dx = 1; break;
+ }
+ event.target._data.x = wrapX(event.target._data.x + dx);
+ event.target._data.y = wrapY(event.target._data.y + dy);
+ sendMapData(event.target._data);
+ break;
+ case 'set ':
+ var value = event.data.substr(4);
+ map[event.target._data.y][event.target._data.x] = value;
+ for (var viewer in viewers)
+ sendMapData(viewers[viewer]);
+ break;
+ case 'txt ':
+ var name = event.target._data.name;
+ var message = event.data.substr(4);
+ for (var viewer in viewers)
+ viewers[viewer].port.postMessage('txt ' + name + ' ' + message);
+ break;
+ case 'msg ':
+ var party1 = event.target._data;
+ var party2 = viewers[event.data.substr(4).split(' ', 1)[0]];
+ if (party2) {
+ var channel = new MessageChannel();
+ party1.port.postMessage('msg ' + party2.name, [channel.port1]);
+ party2.port.postMessage('msg ' + party1.name, [channel.port2]);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+}</pre>
+
+ <p><strong>Connecting to multiple pages</strong>. The script uses the <code title=handler-SharedWorkerGlobalScope-onconnect><a href=#handler-sharedworkerglobalscope-onconnect>onconnect</a></code> event listener to listen for
+ multiple connections.</p>
+
+ <p><strong>Direct channels</strong>. When the worker receives a "msg" message from one viewer
+ naming another viewer, it sets up a direct connection between the two, so that the two viewers can
+ communicate directly without the worker having to proxy all the messages.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=//www.whatwg.org/demos/workers/multiviewer/page.html>View this example online</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=delegation><span class=secno>10.1.2.5 </span>Delegation</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>With multicore CPUs becoming prevalent, one way to obtain better performance is to split
+ computationally expensive tasks amongst multiple workers. In this example, a computationally
+ expensive task that is to be performed for every number from 1 to 10,000,000 is farmed out to ten
+ subworkers.</p>
+
+ <p>The main page is as follows, it just reports the result:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Worker example: Multicore computation&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Result: &lt;output id="result"&gt;&lt;/output&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ var worker = new Worker('worker.js');
+ worker.onmessage = function (event) {
+ document.getElementById('result').textContent = event.data;
+ };
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The worker itself is as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>// settings
+var num_workers = 10;
+var items_per_worker = 1000000;
+
+// start the workers
+var result = 0;
+var pending_workers = num_workers;
+for (var i = 0; i &lt; num_workers; i += 1) {
+ var worker = new Worker('core.js');
+ worker.postMessage(i * items_per_worker);
+ worker.postMessage((i+1) * items_per_worker);
+ worker.onmessage = storeResult;
+}
+
+// handle the results
+function storeResult(event) {
+ result += 1*event.data;
+ pending_workers -= 1;
+ if (pending_workers &lt;= 0)
+ postMessage(result); // finished!
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>It consists of a loop to start the subworkers, and then a handler
+ that waits for all the subworkers to respond.</p>
+
+ <p>The subworkers are implemented as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>var start;
+onmessage = getStart;
+function getStart(event) {
+ start = 1*event.data;
+ onmessage = getEnd;
+}
+
+var end;
+function getEnd(event) {
+ end = 1*event.data;
+ onmessage = null;
+ work();
+}
+
+function work() {
+ var result = 0;
+ for (var i = start; i &lt; end; i += 1) {
+ // perform some complex calculation here
+ result += 1;
+ }
+ postMessage(result);
+ close();
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>They receive two numbers in two events, perform the computation for the range of numbers thus
+ specified, and then report the result back to the parent.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=//www.whatwg.org/demos/workers/multicore/page.html>View this example online</a>.</p>
+
+<!--(this uses startConversation, which is currently commented out)
+
+ <h5>Providing libraries</h5>
+
+ <!- - NON-NORMATIVE SECTION - ->
+
+ <p>Suppose that a cryptography library is made available that provides three tasks:</p>
+
+ <dl>
+
+ <dt>Generate a public/private key pair</dt>
+
+ <dd>Takes a port, on which it will send two messages, first the public key and then the private
+ key.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Given a plaintext and a public key, return the corresponding cyphertext</dt>
+
+ <dd>Takes a port, to which any number of messages can be sent, the first giving the public key,
+ and the remainder giving the plaintext, each of which is encrypted and then sent on that same
+ channel as the cyphertext. The user can close the port when it is done encrypting content.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Given a cyphertext and a private key, return the corresponding plaintext</dt>
+
+ <dd>Takes a port, to which any number of messages can be sent, the first giving the private key,
+ and the remainder giving the cyphertext, each of which is decrypted and then sent on that same
+ channel as the plaintext. The user can close the port when it is done decrypting content.</dd>
+
+ </dl>
+
+ <p>The library itself is as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>function handleMessage(e) {
+ if (e.data == "genkeys")
+ genkeys(e.ports[0]);
+ else if (e.data == "encrypt")
+ encrypt(e.ports[0]);
+ else if (e.data == "decrypt")
+ decrypt(e.ports[0]);
+}
+
+function genkeys(p) {
+ var keys = _generateKeyPair();
+ p.postMessage(keys[0]);
+ p.postMessage(keys[1]);
+}
+
+function encrypt(p) {
+ var key, state = 0;
+ p.onmessage = function (e) {
+ if (state == 0) {
+ key = e.data;
+ state = 1;
+ } else {
+ p.postMessage(_encrypt(key, e.data));
+ }
+ };
+}
+
+function decrypt(p) {
+ var key, state = 0;
+ p.onmessage = function (e) {
+ if (state == 0) {
+ key = e.data;
+ state = 1;
+ } else {
+ p.postMessage(_decrypt(key, e.data));
+ }
+ };
+}
+
+// support being used as a shared worker as well as a dedicated worker
+if ('onmessage' in this) // dedicated worker
+ onmessage = handleMessage;
+else // shared worker
+ onconnect = function (e) { e.port.onmessage = handleMessage; }
+
+
+// the "crypto" functions:
+
+function _generateKeyPair() {
+ return [Math.random(), Math.random()];
+}
+
+function _encrypt(k, s) {
+ return 'encrypted-' + k + ' ' + s;
+}
+
+function _decrypt(k, s) {
+ return s.substr(s.indexOf(' ')+1);
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>Note that the crypto functions here are just stubs and don't do real cryptography.</p>
+
+ <p>This library could be used as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML>
+&lt;html>
+ &lt;head>
+ &lt;title>Worker example: Crypto library&lt;/title>
+ &lt;script>
+ var cryptoLib = new Worker('libcrypto-v1.js'); // or could use 'libcrypto-v2.js'
+ function getKeys() {
+ var state = 0;
+ cryptoLib.startConversation("genkeys").onmessage = function (e) {
+ if (state == 0)
+ document.getElementById('public').value = e.data;
+ else if (state == 1)
+ document.getElementById('private').value = e.data;
+ state += 1;
+ };
+ }
+ function enc() {
+ var port = cryptoLib.startConversation("encrypt");
+ port.postMessage(document.getElementById('public').value);
+ port.postMessage(document.getElementById('input').value);
+ port.onmessage = function (e) {
+ document.getElementById('input').value = e.data;
+ port.close();
+ };
+ }
+ function dec() {
+ var port = cryptoLib.startConversation("decrypt");
+ port.postMessage(document.getElementById('private').value);
+ port.postMessage(document.getElementById('input').value);
+ port.onmessage = function (e) {
+ document.getElementById('input').value = e.data;
+ port.close();
+ };
+ }
+ &lt;/script>
+ &lt;style>
+ textarea { display: block; }
+ &lt;/style>
+ &lt;/head>
+ &lt;body onload="getKeys()">
+ &lt;fieldset>
+ &lt;legend>Keys&lt;/legend>
+ &lt;p>&lt;label>Public Key: &lt;textarea id="public">&lt;/textarea>&lt;/label>&lt;/p>
+ &lt;p>&lt;label>Private Key: &lt;textarea id="private">&lt;/textarea>&lt;/label>&lt;/p>
+ &lt;/fieldset>
+ &lt;p>&lt;label>Input: &lt;textarea id="input">&lt;/textarea>&lt;/label>&lt;/p>
+ &lt;p>&lt;button onclick="enc()">Encrypt&lt;/button> &lt;button onclick="dec()">Decrypt&lt;/button>&lt;/p>
+ &lt;/body>
+&lt;/html></pre>
+
+ <p>A later version of the API, though, might want to offload all the crypto work onto subworkers.
+ This could be done as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>function handleMessage(e) {
+ if (e.data == "genkeys")
+ genkeys(e.ports[0]);
+ else if (e.data == "encrypt")
+ encrypt(e.ports[0]);
+ else if (e.data == "decrypt")
+ decrypt(e.ports[0]);
+}
+
+function genkeys(p) {
+ var generator = new Worker('libcrypto-v2-generator.js');
+ generator.postMessage('', [p]);
+}
+
+function encrypt(p) {
+ p.onmessage = function (e) {
+ var key = e.data;
+ var encryptor = new Worker('libcrypto-v2-encryptor.js');
+ encryptor.postMessage(key, [p]);
+ };
+}
+
+function encrypt(p) {
+ p.onmessage = function (e) {
+ var key = e.data;
+ var decryptor = new Worker('libcrypto-v2-decryptor.js');
+ decryptor.postMessage(key, [p]);
+ };
+}
+
+// support being used as a shared worker as well as a dedicated worker
+if ('onmessage' in this) // dedicated worker
+ onmessage = handleMessage;
+else // shared worker
+ onconnect = function (e) { e.ports[0].onmessage = handleMessage };
+</pre>
+
+ <p>The little subworkers would then be as follows.</p>
+
+ <p>For generating key pairs:</p>
+
+ <pre>onmessage = function (e) {
+ var k = _generateKeyPair();
+ e.ports[0].postMessage(k[0]);
+ e.ports[0].postMessage(k[1]);
+ close();
+}
+
+function _generateKeyPair() {
+ return [Math.random(), Math.random()];
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>For encrypting:</p>
+
+ <pre>onmessage = function (e) {
+ var key = e.data;
+ e.ports[0].onmessage = function (e) {
+ var s = e.data;
+ postMessage(_encrypt(key, s));
+ }
+}
+
+function _encrypt(k, s) {
+ return 'encrypted-' + k + ' ' + s;
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>For decrypting:</p>
+
+ <pre>onmessage = function (e) {
+ var key = e.data;
+ e.ports[0].onmessage = function (e) {
+ var s = e.data;
+ postMessage(_decrypt(key, s));
+ }
+}
+
+function _decrypt(k, s) {
+ return s.substr(s.indexOf(' ')+1);
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>Notice how the users of the API don't have to even know that this is happening &mdash; the API
+ hasn't changed; the library can delegate to subworkers without changing its API, even though it is
+ accepting data using message channels.</p>
+
+ <p><a href="//www.whatwg.org/demos/workers/crypto/page.html">View this example online</a>.</p>
+
+(end startConversation block) (beware nested comments)-->
+
+
+ <h4 id=tutorials><span class=secno>10.1.3 </span>Tutorials</h4>
+
+ <h5 id=creating-a-dedicated-worker><span class=secno>10.1.3.1 </span>Creating a dedicated worker</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Creating a worker requires a URL to a JavaScript file. The <code title=dom-Worker><a href=#dom-worker>Worker()</a></code> constructor is invoked with the URL to that file as its only
+ argument; a worker is then created and returned:</p>
+
+ <pre>var worker = new Worker('helper.js');</pre>
+
+
+ <h5 id=communicating-with-a-dedicated-worker><span class=secno>10.1.3.2 </span>Communicating with a dedicated worker</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Dedicated workers use <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects behind the scenes, and thus support all
+ the same features, such as sending structured data, transferring binary data, and transferring
+ other ports.</p>
+
+ <p>To receive messages from a dedicated worker, use the <code title=handler-worker-onmessage><a href=#handler-worker-onmessage>onmessage</a></code> <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes title="event handler IDL attributes">event
+ handler IDL attribute</a> on the <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> object:</p>
+
+ <pre>worker.onmessage = function (event) { ... };</pre>
+
+ <p>You can also use the <code title=dom-EventTarget-addEventListener>addEventListener()</code>
+ method.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The implicit <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> used by dedicated workers has its <a href=#port-message-queue>port
+ message queue</a> implicitly enabled when it is created, so there is no equivalent to the
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> interface's <code title=dom-MessagePort-start><a href=#dom-messageport-start>start()</a></code> method on
+ the <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ <p>To <em>send</em> data to a worker, use the <code title=dom-Worker-postMessage><a href=#dom-worker-postmessage>postMessage()</a></code> method. Structured data can be sent over this
+ communication channel. To send <code><a href=#arraybuffer>ArrayBuffer</a></code> objects efficiently (by transferring them
+ rather than cloning them), list them in an array in the second argument.</p>
+
+ <pre>worker.postMessage({
+ operation: 'find-edges',
+ input: buffer, // an ArrayBuffer object
+ threshold: 0.6,
+}, [buffer]);</pre>
+
+ <p>To receive a message inside the worker, the <code title=handler-DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope-onmessage><a href=#handler-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-onmessage>onmessage</a></code> <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes title="event handler
+ IDL attributes">event handler IDL attribute</a> is used.</p>
+
+ <pre>onmessage = function (event) { ... };</pre>
+
+ <p>You can again also use the <code title=dom-EventTarget-addEventListener>addEventListener()</code> method.</p>
+
+ <p>In either case, the data is provided in the event object's <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data><a href=#dom-messageevent-data>data</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>To send messages back, you again use <code title=dom-DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope-postMessage><a href=#dom-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-postmessage>postMessage()</a></code>. It supports the
+ structured data in the same manner.</p>
+
+ <pre>postMessage(event.data.input, [event.data.input]); // transfer the buffer back</pre>
+
+
+ <h5 id=shared-workers><span class=secno>10.1.3.3 </span>Shared workers</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Shared workers are identified by the URL of the script used to create it, optionally with an
+ explicit name. The name allows multiple instances of a particular shared worker to be started.</p>
+
+ <p>Shared workers are scoped by <a href=#origin>origin</a>. Two different sites using the same names will
+ not collide. However, if a page tries to use the same shared worker name as another page on the
+ same site, but with a different script URL, it will fail.</p>
+
+ <p>Creating shared workers is done using the <code title=dom-SharedWorker><a href=#dom-sharedworker>SharedWorker()</a></code>
+ constructor. This constructor takes the URL to the script to use for its first argument, and the
+ name of the worker, if any, as the second argument.</p>
+
+ <pre>var worker = new SharedWorker('service.js');</pre>
+
+ <p>Communicating with shared workers is done with explicit <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects. The
+ object returned by the <code title=dom-SharedWorker><a href=#dom-sharedworker>SharedWorker()</a></code> constructor holds a
+ reference to the port on its <code title=dom-SharedWorker-port><a href=#dom-sharedworker-port>port</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <pre>worker.port.onmessage = function (event) { ... };
+worker.port.postMessage('some message');
+worker.port.postMessage({ foo: 'structured', bar: ['data', 'also', 'possible']});</pre>
+
+ <p>Inside the shared worker, new clients of the worker are announced using the <code title=event-WorkerGlobalScope-connect><a href=#event-workerglobalscope-connect>connect</a></code> event. The port for the new client is
+ given by the event object's <code title=dom-messageevent-source><a href=#dom-messageevent-source>source</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <pre>onconnect = function (event) {
+ var newPort = event.source;
+ // set up a listener
+ newPort.onmessage = function (event) { ... };
+ // send a message back to the port
+ newPort.postMessage('ready!'); // can also send structured data, of course
+};</pre>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=infrastructure-0><span class=secno>10.2 </span>Infrastructure</h3>
+
+ <p>There are two kinds of workers; dedicated workers, and shared workers. Dedicated workers, once
+ created, are linked to their creator; but message ports can be used to communicate from a
+ dedicated worker to multiple other browsing contexts or workers. Shared workers, on the other
+ hand, are named, and once created any script running in the same <a href=#origin>origin</a> can obtain a
+ reference to that worker and communicate with it.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-global-scope><span class=secno>10.2.1 </span>The global scope</h4>
+
+ <p>The global scope is the "inside" of a worker.</p>
+
+ <h5 id=the-workerglobalscope-common-interface><span class=secno>10.2.1.1 </span>The <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> common interface</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Exposed=Worker] <!-- not sure we really need that, but... -->
+interface <dfn id=workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a> <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-self title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-self>self</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#workerlocation>WorkerLocation</a> <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-location title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-location>location</a>;
+
+ void <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-close title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-close>close</a>();
+ attribute <a href=#onerroreventhandler>OnErrorEventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-workerglobalscope-onerror title=handler-WorkerGlobalScope-onerror>onerror</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-workerglobalscope-onlanguagechange title=handler-WorkerGlobalScope-onlanguagechange>onlanguagechange</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-workerglobalscope-onoffline title=handler-WorkerGlobalScope-onoffline>onoffline</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-workerglobalscope-ononline title=handler-WorkerGlobalScope-ononline>ononline</a>;
+
+ // <a href="#WorkerGlobalScope-partial">also has additional members in a partial interface</a>
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-workerglobalscope-self title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-self><code>self</code></dfn> attribute must return the
+ <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object itself.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-workerglobalscope-location title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-location><code>location</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the <code><a href=#workerlocation>WorkerLocation</a></code> object created for the <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code>
+ object when the worker was created. It represents the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> of the script that
+ was used to initialise the worker, after any redirects.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When a script invokes the <dfn id=dom-workerglobalscope-close title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-close><code>close()</code></dfn>
+ method on a <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object, the user agent must run the following steps
+ (atomically):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Discard any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> that have been added to the
+ <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object's <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#task-queue title="task queue">task
+ queues</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Set the worker's <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object's <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a> flag to true. (This prevents any further
+ tasks from being queued.)</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) that must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a>,
+ by objects implementing the <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-workerglobalscope-onerror title=handler-WorkerGlobalScope-onerror><code>onerror</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-workerglobalscope-onlanguagechange title=handler-WorkerGlobalScope-onlanguagechange><code>onlanguagechange</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-languagechange><a href=#event-languagechange>languagechange</a></code> <!-- new -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-workerglobalscope-onoffline title=handler-WorkerGlobalScope-onoffline><code>onoffline</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-offline><a href=#event-offline>offline</a></code> <!-- new -->
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-workerglobalscope-ononline title=handler-WorkerGlobalScope-ononline><code>ononline</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-online><a href=#event-online>online</a></code> <!-- new -->
+ </table><hr><p class=note>For <a href=#data-protocol title="data protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URLs</a>, this is
+ the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a> when the constructor
+ was called. For other <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a>, this is the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the value
+ of the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> given in the worker's <code title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-location><a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-location></a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=dedicated-workers-and-the-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-interface><span class=secno>10.2.1.2 </span>Dedicated workers and the <code><a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> interface</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Global=Worker,DedicatedWorker]
+/*sealed*/ interface <dfn id=dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</dfn> : <a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a> {
+ void <a href=#dom-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-postmessage title=dom-DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope-postMessage>postMessage</a>(any message, optional sequence&lt;<a href=#transferable>Transferable</a>&gt; transfer);<!--
+ <span>MessagePort</span> <span title="dom-DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope-startConversation">startConversation</span>(any message);-->
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-onmessage title=handler-DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope-onmessage>onmessage</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p><code><a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> objects act as if they had an implicit
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> associated with them. This port is part of a channel that is set up when
+ the worker is created, but it is not exposed. This object must never be garbage collected before
+ the <code><a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>All messages received by that port must immediately be retargeted at the
+ <code><a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-postmessage title=dom-DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope-postMessage><code>postMessage()</code></dfn>
+ method on <code><a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> objects must act as if, when invoked, it
+ immediately invoked <a href=#dom-messageport-postmessage title=dom-MessagePort-postMessage>the method of the same name</a>
+ on the port, with the same arguments, and returned the same return value.</p>
+
+<!--
+ <p>Similarly, the <dfn
+ title="dom-DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope-startConversation"><code>startConversation()</code></dfn>
+ method on <code>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</code> objects must act as if, when invoked, it
+ immediately invoked <span title="dom-MessagePort-startConversation">the method of the same
+ name</span> on the port, with the same arguments, and returned the same return value.</p>
+-->
+
+ <p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) that must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event
+ handler IDL attributes</a>, by objects implementing the <code><a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code>
+ interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-dedicatedworkerglobalscope-onmessage title=handler-DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope-onmessage><code>onmessage</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code>
+ </table><p>For the purposes of the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> networking model, a dedicated worker is
+ an extension of the <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a> from which it was created.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=shared-workers-and-the-sharedworkerglobalscope-interface><span class=secno>10.2.1.3 </span>Shared workers and the <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> interface</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Global=Worker,SharedWorker]
+/*sealed*/ interface <dfn id=sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</dfn> : <a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-sharedworkerglobalscope-name title=dom-SharedWorkerGlobalScope-name>name</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a> <a href=#dom-sharedworkerglobalscope-applicationcache title=dom-SharedWorkerGlobalScope-applicationCache>applicationCache</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-sharedworkerglobalscope-onconnect title=handler-SharedWorkerGlobalScope-onconnect>onconnect</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>Shared workers receive message ports through <code title=event-WorkerGlobalScope-connect><a href=#event-workerglobalscope-connect>connect</a></code> events on their <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object for each
+ connection.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-sharedworkerglobalscope-name title=dom-SharedWorkerGlobalScope-name><code>name</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ the value it was assigned when the <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object was created by the
+ "<a href=#run-a-worker>run a worker</a>" algorithm. Its value represents the name that can be used to obtain a
+ reference to the worker using the <code><a href=#sharedworker>SharedWorker</a></code> constructor.</p>
+
+ <p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) that must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event
+ handler IDL attributes</a>, by objects implementing the <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code>
+ interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-sharedworkerglobalscope-onconnect title=handler-SharedWorkerGlobalScope-onconnect><code>onconnect</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-WorkerGlobalScope-connect><a href=#event-workerglobalscope-connect>connect</a></code>
+ </table><p>For the purposes of the <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a> networking model, a shared worker is its
+ own <a href=#cache-host>cache host</a>. The <a href=#run-a-worker>run a worker</a> algorithm takes care of associating the
+ worker with an <a href=#application-cache>application cache</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <code title=dom-SharedWorkerGlobalScope-applicationCache><a href=#dom-sharedworkerglobalscope-applicationcache>applicationCache</a></code> attribute returns the
+ <code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code> object for the worker.</p><!-- normative conf criteria is in the
+ appcache section -->
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=worker-event-loop><span class=secno>10.2.2 </span>The event loop</h4>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object has a distinct <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>, separate
+ from those used by <a href=#unit-of-related-similar-origin-browsing-contexts title="unit of related similar-origin browsing contexts">units of related
+ similar-origin browsing contexts</a>. This <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> has no associated
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, and its <a href=#task-queue title="task queue">task queues</a> only have
+ events, callbacks, and networking activity as <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a>. These <a href=#event-loop title="event loop">event loops</a> are created by the <a href=#run-a-worker>run a worker</a> algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object also has a <dfn id=dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</dfn> flag, which must initially be false, but which
+ can get set to true by the algorithms in the processing model section below.</p>
+
+ <p>Once the <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code>'s <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a> flag is set to true, the <a href=#event-loop>event
+ loop</a>'s <a href=#task-queue title="task queue">task queues</a> must discard any further <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> that would be added to them (tasks already on the queue are
+ unaffected except where otherwise specified). Effectively, once the <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a> flag is true, timers stop firing,
+ notifications for all pending asynchronous operations are dropped, etc.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id="the-worker's-lifetime"><span class=secno>10.2.3 </span>The worker's lifetime</h4>
+
+ <p>Workers communicate with other workers and with <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing context">browsing
+ contexts</a> through <a href=#channel-messaging title="channel messaging">message channels</a> and their
+ <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> <var title="">worker global scope</var> has a list of
+ <dfn id="the-worker's-ports">the worker's ports</dfn>, which consists of all the <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> objects that are
+ entangled with another port and that have one (but only one) port owned by <var title="">worker
+ global scope</var>. This list includes <!--all the <code>MessagePort</code> objects that are in
+ events pending in the <code>WorkerGlobalScope</code> object's <span>event loop</span>, as well as
+ (commented out because in practice it makes no difference either way as far as I can tell, and it
+ would be hard to strictly implement since these ports might not yet be across the thread
+ boundary)--> the implicit <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> in the case of <a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope title=DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope>dedicated workers</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> also has a list of <dfn id="the-worker's-workers">the worker's workers</dfn>.
+ Initially this list is empty; it is populated when the worker creates or obtains further
+ workers.</p>
+
+ <p>Finally, each <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> also has a list of <dfn id="the-worker's-documents">the worker's
+ <code>Document</code>s</dfn>. Initially this list is empty; it is populated when the worker is
+ created.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <var title="">d</var> is <dfn id="add-a-document-to-the-worker's-documents" title="add a document to the
+ worker's documents">added to the worker's <code>Document</code>s</dfn>, the user agent must, for
+ each worker <var title="">q</var> in the list of <a href="#the-worker's-workers">the worker's workers</a> whose list of
+ <a href="#the-worker's-documents">the worker's <code>Document</code>s</a> does not contain <var title="">d</var>, <a href="#add-a-document-to-the-worker's-documents" title="add a document to the worker's documents">add <var title="">d</var> to <var title="">q</var>'s <code>WorkerGlobalScope</code> owner's list of <span>the worker's
+ <code>Document</code>s</span></a>.</p> <!-- suggestions welcome on making this sentence into
+ understandable English -->
+
+ <p>Whenever a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object is <a href=#discard-a-document title="discard a Document">discarded</a>,
+ it must be removed from the list of <a href="#the-worker's-documents">the worker's <code>Document</code>s</a> of each
+ worker whose list contains that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Given a <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a> <var title="">o</var> when creating or obtaining a
+ worker, the <dfn id=list-of-relevant-document-objects-to-add>list of relevant <code>Document</code> objects to add</dfn> depends on the type
+ of <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified by <var title="">o</var>'s. If <var title="">o</var>
+ specifies a <a href=#global-object>global object</a> that is a <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object (i.e. if we
+ are creating a nested worker), then the relevant <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s are the <a href="#the-worker's-documents">the worker's
+ <code>Document</code>s</a> of the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified by <var title="">o</var>. Otherwise, <var title="">o</var> specifies a <a href=#global-object>global object</a> that
+ is a <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, and the relevant <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is just the
+ <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a> specified by <var title="">o</var>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A worker is said to be a <dfn id=permissible-worker>permissible worker</dfn> if its list of <a href="#the-worker's-documents">the worker's
+ <code>Document</code>s</a> is not empty.</p>
+
+ <p>A worker is said to be an <dfn id=active-needed-worker>active needed worker</dfn> if any of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ objects in <a href="#the-worker's-documents">the worker's <code>Document</code>s</a> are <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A worker is said to be a <dfn id=protected-worker>protected worker</dfn> if it is an <a href=#active-needed-worker>active needed
+ worker</a> and either it has outstanding timers, database transactions, or network connections,
+ or its list of <a href="#the-worker's-ports">the worker's ports</a> is not empty, or its <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code>
+ is actually a <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object (i.e. the worker is a shared
+ worker).</p>
+
+ <p>A worker is said to be a <dfn id=suspendable-worker>suspendable worker</dfn> if it is not an <a href=#active-needed-worker>active needed
+ worker</a> but it is a <a href=#permissible-worker>permissible worker</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=processing-model-9><span class=secno>10.2.4 </span>Processing model</h4>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=run-a-worker>run a worker</dfn> for a script with <a href=#url>URL</a> <var title="">url</var> and a <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> <var title="">settings
+ object</var>, it must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li id=worker-processing-model-top>
+
+ <p>Create a separate parallel execution environment (i.e. a separate thread or process or
+ equivalent construct), and run the rest of these steps asynchronously in that context.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of timing APIs, this is the <dfn id=official-moment-of-creation>official moment of creation</dfn> of the
+ worker.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">worker global scope</var> be the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified
+ by <var title="">settings object</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">worker global scope</var> is actually a
+ <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object (i.e. the worker is a shared worker), and there are
+ any <a href=#relevant-application-cache title="relevant application cache">relevant application caches</a> that are
+ identified by a manifest URL with the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as <var title="">url</var> and
+ that have <var title="">url</var> as one of their entries, <em>not</em> excluding entries marked
+ as <a href=#concept-appcache-foreign title=concept-appcache-foreign>foreign</a>, then associate the <var title="">worker global scope</var> with the <a href=#concept-appcache-selection title=concept-appcache-selection>most
+ appropriate application cache</a> of those that match.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Attempt to <a href=#fetch>fetch</a><!--FETCH--> the resource identified by <var title="">url</var>, from the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by <var title="">settings
+ object</var>, using the <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a> specified by <var title="">settings
+ object</var> as the <a href=#referrer-source>referrer source</a> (not the specified <a href=#api-referrer-source>API referrer
+ source</a>!), and with the <i>synchronous flag</i> set and the <i>force same-origin flag</i>
+ set.</p> <!-- not http-origin privacy sensitive (looking forward to CORS) -->
+
+ <p>If the attempt fails, then for each <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> or <code><a href=#sharedworker>SharedWorker</a></code> object
+ associated with <var title="">worker global scope</var>, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> at that object.
+ Abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p>If the attempt succeeds, then let <var title="">source</var> be the result of running the
+ <a href=#utf-8-decode>UTF-8 decode</a> algorithm on the script resource.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">language</var> be JavaScript.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>As with <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements, the MIME type of the script is ignored.
+ Unlike with <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements, there is no way to override the type. It's always
+ assumed to be JavaScript.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>In the newly created execution environment, create a <a href=#javascript-global-environment>JavaScript global
+ environment</a> whose <i><a href=#global-object>global object</a></i> is <var title="">worker global scope</var>. If
+ <var title="">worker global scope</var> is a <code><a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object,
+ then this is a <a href=#dedicated-worker-environment>dedicated worker environment</a>. Otherwise, <var title="">worker global
+ scope</var> is a <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object, and this is a <a href=#shared-worker-environment>shared worker
+ environment</a>. (In either case, by definition, it is a <a href=#worker-environment>worker
+ environment</a>.)</li>
+
+ <li><!-- SCRIPT EXEC -->
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">script</var> be a new <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Obtain the appropriate <a href=#script-execution-environment>script execution environment</a> for the scripting language
+ <var title="">language</var> from <var title="">settings object</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Parse/compile/initialise <var title="">source</var> using that <a href=#script-execution-environment>script execution
+ environment</a>, as appropriate for <var title="">language</var>, and thus obtain a
+ <a href=#code-entry-point>code entry-point</a>. If the script was not compiled successfully, let the <a href=#code-entry-point>code
+ entry-point</a> be a no-op script, and act as if a corresponding uncaught script error had
+ occurred.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">script</var>'s <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a> be <var title="">settings
+ object</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><strong>Closing orphan workers</strong>: Start monitoring the worker such that no sooner than
+ it stops being a <a href=#protected-worker>protected worker</a>, and no later than it stops being a
+ <a href=#permissible-worker>permissible worker</a>, <var title="">worker global scope</var>'s <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a> flag is set to true.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><strong>Suspending workers</strong>: Start monitoring the worker, such that whenever <var title="">worker global scope</var>'s <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a> flag is false and the worker is a
+ <a href=#suspendable-worker>suspendable worker</a>, the user agent suspends execution of script in that worker
+ until such time as either the <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a> flag
+ switches to true or the worker stops being a <a href=#suspendable-worker>suspendable worker</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#jump-to-a-code-entry-point title="jump to a code entry-point">Jump</a> to the <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a>'s <a href=#code-entry-point>code entry-point</a>, and let that run until it
+ either returns, fails to catch an exception, or gets prematurely aborted by the "<a href=#kill-a-worker>kill a
+ worker</a>" or "<a href=#terminate-a-worker>terminate a worker</a>" algorithms defined below.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">worker global scope</var> is actually a
+ <code><a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object (i.e. the worker is a dedicated worker), then
+ enable the <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a> of the worker's implicit port.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><strong><a href=#event-loop>Event loop<!-- labeled for ease of discussion --></a></strong>: Run the <a href=#responsible-event-loop>responsible
+ event loop</a> specified by <var title="">settings object</var> until it is destroyed.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The handling of events or the execution of callbacks by <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> run by the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> might get prematurely
+ aborted by the "<a href=#kill-a-worker>kill a worker</a>" or "<a href=#terminate-a-worker>terminate a worker</a>" algorithms
+ defined below.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The worker processing model remains on this step until the event loop is
+ destroyed, which happens after the <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a>
+ flag is set to true, as described in the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> processing model.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Empty the <var title="">worker global scope</var>'s <a href=#list-of-active-timers>list of active timers</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Disentangle all the ports in the list of <a href="#the-worker's-ports">the worker's ports</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- this has no normative impact but makes it clearer that the worker is irrelevant now, and
+ doesn't have to survive until its Documents all die off too -->
+ <p>Empty the worker's list of <a href="#the-worker's-documents">the worker's <code>Document</code>s</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=kill-a-worker>kill a worker</dfn> it must run the following steps in parallel
+ with the worker's main loop (the "<a href=#run-a-worker>run a worker</a>" processing model defined above):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the worker's <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object's <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a> flag to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there are any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> queued in the
+ <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object's <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#task-queue title="task queue">task
+ queues</a>, discard them without processing them.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Wait a user-agent-defined amount of time.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort the script currently running in the worker.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>User agents may invoke the "<a href=#kill-a-worker>kill a worker</a>" processing model on a worker at any
+ time, e.g. in response to user requests, in response to CPU quota management, or when a worker
+ stops being an <a href=#active-needed-worker>active needed worker</a> if the worker continues executing even after its
+ <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a> flag was set to true.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=terminate-a-worker>terminate a worker</dfn> it must run the following steps in
+ parallel with the worker's main loop (the "<a href=#run-a-worker>run a worker</a>" processing model defined
+ above):</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the worker's <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object's <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a> flag to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there are any <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> queued in the
+ <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object's <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>'s <a href=#task-queue title="task queue">task
+ queues</a>, discard them without processing them.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort the script currently running in the worker.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the worker's <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object is actually a
+ <code><a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object (i.e. the worker is a dedicated worker), then
+ empty the <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a> of the port that the worker's implicit port is
+ entangled with.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the tasks mentioned above is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task
+ source</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=runtime-script-errors-0><span class=secno>10.2.5 </span>Runtime script errors</h4>
+
+ <p>Whenever an uncaught runtime script error occurs in one of the worker's scripts, if the error
+ did not occur while handling a previous script error, the user agent must <a href=#report-the-error>report the
+ error</a> for that <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a>, with the position (line number
+ and column number) where the error occurred, using the <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object as the target.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>For shared workers, if the error is still <i title=concept-error-nothandled><a href=#concept-error-nothandled>not handled</a></i>
+ afterwards, the error may be reported to the user.
+ </p>
+
+ <p>For dedicated workers, if the error is still <i title=concept-error-nothandled><a href=#concept-error-nothandled>not
+ handled</a></i> afterwards, the user
+ agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event that uses the <code><a href=#errorevent>ErrorEvent</a></code>
+ interface, with the name <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code>, that doesn't bubble and is
+ cancelable, with its <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-message><a href=#dom-errorevent-message>message</a></code>, <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-filename><a href=#dom-errorevent-filename>filename</a></code>, <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-lineno><a href=#dom-errorevent-lineno>lineno</a></code>, <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-colno><a href=#dom-errorevent-colno>colno</a></code>,
+ attributes initialised appropriately,
+ and with the <code title=dom-ErrorEvent-error><a href=#dom-errorevent-error>error</a></code> attribute initialised to null,
+ at the <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> object associated with the
+ worker. If the event is not canceled, the user agent must act as if the uncaught runtime script
+ error had occurred in the global scope that the <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> object is in, thus repeating
+ the entire runtime script error reporting process one level up.</p>
+
+ <p>If the implicit port connecting the worker to its <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> object has been
+ disentangled (i.e. if the parent worker has been terminated), then the user agent must act as if
+ the <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> object had no <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> event handler and as
+ if that worker's <code title=handler-WorkerGlobalScope-onerror><a href=#handler-workerglobalscope-onerror>onerror</a></code> attribute was
+ null, but must otherwise act as described above.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Thus, error reports propagate up to the chain of dedicated workers up to the
+ original <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, even if some of the workers along this chain have been terminated
+ and garbage collected.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the task mentioned above is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task
+ source</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=creating-workers><span class=secno>10.2.6 </span>Creating workers</h4>
+
+ <h5 id=the-abstractworker-abstract-interface><span class=secno>10.2.6.1 </span>The <code><a href=#abstractworker>AbstractWorker</a></code> abstract interface</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject, Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=abstractworker>AbstractWorker</dfn> {
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-abstractworker-onerror title=handler-AbstractWorker-onerror>onerror</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their
+ corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event handler event type">event handler
+ event types</a>) that must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a>, by
+ objects implementing the <code><a href=#abstractworker>AbstractWorker</a></code> interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-abstractworker-onerror title=handler-AbstractWorker-onerror><code>onerror</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code>
+ </table><h5 id=script-settings-for-workers><span class=secno>10.2.6.2 </span>Script settings for workers</h5>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is required to <dfn id=set-up-a-worker-script-settings-object>set up a worker script settings object</dfn>, given a
+ <var title="">worker global scope</var> and a <a href=#url>URL</a> <var title="">script
+ address</var>, it must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">inherited responsible browsing context</var> be the <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible
+ browsing context</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">inherited responsible document</var> be the <a href=#responsible-document>responsible
+ document</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">inherited origin</var> be the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the
+ <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">worker event loop</var> be a newly created <a href=#event-loop>event
+ loop</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">settings object</var> be a new <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> whose
+ algorithms are defined as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>The <a href=#script-execution-environment title="script execution environment">script execution environments</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>When the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> is created, for each language supported by the
+ user agent, create an appropriate execution environment as defined by the relevant
+ specification.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <a href=#script-execution-environment>script execution environment</a> is needed, return the appropriate one from
+ those created when the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> was created.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Currently, workers only support JavaScript, so only a JavaScript execution
+ environment is actually needed here.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#global-object>global object</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return <var title="">worker global scope</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#responsible-browsing-context>responsible browsing context</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return <var title="">inherited responsible browsing context</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return <var title="">inherited responsible document</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#responsible-event-loop>responsible event loop</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return <var title="">worker event loop</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#api-referrer-source>API referrer source</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return <var title="">script address</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#api-url-character-encoding>API URL character encoding</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return UTF-8.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return <var title="">worker URL</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The <a href=#origin>origin</a> and <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Return <var title="">inherited origin</var>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">settings object</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><h5 id=dedicated-workers-and-the-worker-interface><span class=secno>10.2.6.3 </span>Dedicated workers and the <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> interface</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[<a href=#dom-worker title=dom-Worker>Constructor</a>(DOMString scriptURL), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=worker>Worker</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ void <a href=#dom-worker-terminate title=dom-Worker-terminate>terminate</a>();
+
+ void <a href=#dom-worker-postmessage title=dom-Worker-postMessage>postMessage</a>(any message, optional sequence&lt;<a href=#transferable>Transferable</a>&gt; transfer);<!--
+ <span>MessagePort</span> <span title="dom-Worker-startConversation">startConversation</span>(any message);-->
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-worker-onmessage title=handler-Worker-onmessage>onmessage</a>;
+};
+<a href=#worker>Worker</a> implements <a href=#abstractworker>AbstractWorker</a>;</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-worker-terminate title=dom-Worker-terminate><code>terminate()</code></dfn> method, when invoked, must
+ cause the "<a href=#terminate-a-worker>terminate a worker</a>" algorithm to be run on the worker with which the object
+ is associated.</p>
+
+ <p><code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> objects act as if they had an implicit <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> associated
+ with them. This port is part of a channel that is set up when the worker is created, but it is not
+ exposed. This object must never be garbage collected before the <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>All messages received by that port must immediately be retargeted at the <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code>
+ object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-worker-postmessage title=dom-Worker-postMessage><code>postMessage()</code></dfn> method on
+ <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> objects must act as if, when invoked, it immediately invoked <a href=#dom-messageport-postmessage title=dom-MessagePort-postMessage>the method of the same name</a> on the port, with the same
+ arguments, and returned the same return value.</p>
+
+<!--
+ <p>Similarly, the <dfn title="dom-Worker-startConversation"><code>startConversation()</code></dfn>
+ method on <code>Worker</code> objects must act as if, when invoked, it immediately invoked <span
+ title="dom-MessagePort-startConversation">the method of the same name</span> on the port, with the
+ same arguments, and returned the same return value.</p>
+-->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-Worker-postMessage><a href=#dom-worker-postmessage>postMessage()</a></code>
+ method's first argument can be structured data:</p>
+
+ <pre>worker.postMessage({opcode: 'activate', device: 1938, parameters: [23, 102]});</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) that must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a>,
+ by objects implementing the <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> interface:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-worker-onmessage title=handler-Worker-onmessage><code>onmessage</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code>
+ </table><hr><p>When the <dfn id=dom-worker title=dom-Worker><code>Worker(<var title="">scriptURL</var>)</code></dfn> constructor is invoked, the
+ user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>The user agent may throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps if
+ the request violates a policy decision (e.g. if the user agent is configured to not allow the
+ page to start dedicated workers).</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the <var title="">scriptURL</var> argument
+ relative to the <a href=#api-base-url>API base URL</a> specified by the <a href=#entry-settings-object>entry settings object</a>
+ when the method was invoked.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this fails, throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">worker URL</var> be the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a> component of <var title="">worker
+ URL</var> is not "<code title=data-protocol>data</code>", and the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of <var title="">worker URL</var> is not the <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a> as the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>, then throw a
+ <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For example, scripts can be external files with the same scheme, host, and port
+ as the original page, or <a href=#data-protocol title="data protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URLs</a>,
+ or same-origin <code title="">blob:</code> URLs. Thus, an <code>https:</code> page couldn't
+ start workers using scripts with <code>http:</code> URLs. <a href=#refsFILEAPI>[FILEAPI]</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object. Let <var title="">worker
+ global scope</var> be this new object.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#set-up-a-worker-script-settings-object>Set up a worker script settings object</a> with <var title="">worker global
+ scope</var> and <var title="">worker URL</var>, and let <var title="">settings object</var> be
+ the result.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> object, associated with <var title="">worker global
+ scope</var>. Let <var title="">worker</var> be this new object.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-a-new-messageport-object>Create a new <code>MessagePort</code> object</a> whose <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> is the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>. Let this
+ be the <var title="">outside port</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Associate the <var title="">outside port</var> with <var title="">worker</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-a-new-messageport-object>Create a new <code>MessagePort</code> object</a> whose <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> is <var title="">script settings</var>. Let <var title="">inside port</var> be this new object.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Associate <var title="">inside port</var> with <var title="">worker global
+ scope</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#entangle>Entangle</a> <var title="">outside port</var> and <var title="">inside
+ port</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">worker</var>, and run the following steps asynchronously.</li>
+
+<!-- (this is done by the "run a worker" algorithm)
+ <li><p>Enable <var title="">inside port</var>'s <span>port message queue</span>.</p></li>
+-->
+
+ <li><p>Enable <var title="">outside port</var>'s <a href=#port-message-queue>port message queue</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">docs</var> be the <a href=#list-of-relevant-document-objects-to-add>list of relevant <code>Document</code> objects
+ to add</a> given the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href="#add-a-document-to-the-worker's-documents" title="add a document to the worker's documents">Add to <var title="">worker
+ global scope</var>'s list of <span>the worker's <code>Document</code>s</span></a> the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects in <var title="">docs</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>
+ is a <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object (i.e. we are creating a nested worker), add <var title="">worker global scope</var> to the list of <a href="#the-worker's-workers">the worker's workers</a> of the
+ <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object that is the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified by the
+ <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#run-a-worker>Run a worker</a> for the script with <a href=#url>URL</a> <var title="">worker
+ URL</var> and the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> <var title="">settings
+ object</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><h5 id=shared-workers-and-the-sharedworker-interface><span class=secno>10.2.6.4 </span>Shared workers and the <code><a href=#sharedworker>SharedWorker</a></code> interface</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[<a href=#dom-sharedworker title=dom-SharedWorker>Constructor</a>(DOMString scriptURL, optional DOMString name), Exposed=Window,Worker]
+interface <dfn id=sharedworker>SharedWorker</dfn> : <a href=#eventtarget>EventTarget</a> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a> <a href=#dom-sharedworker-port title=dom-SharedWorker-port>port</a>;
+};
+<a href=#sharedworker>SharedWorker</a> implements <a href=#abstractworker>AbstractWorker</a>;</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-sharedworker-port title=dom-SharedWorker-port><code>port</code></dfn> attribute must return the value
+ it was assigned by the object's constructor. It represents the <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code> for
+ communicating with the shared worker.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-sharedworker title=dom-SharedWorker><code>SharedWorker(<var title="">scriptURL</var>, <var title="">name</var>)</code></dfn> constructor is invoked, the user agent must run the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>The user agent may throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps if
+ the request violates a policy decision (e.g. if the user agent is configured to not allow the
+ page to start shared workers).</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> the <var title="">scriptURL</var>
+ argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If this fails, throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">scriptURL</var> be the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> and <var title="">parsed scriptURL</var> be the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">name</var> be the value of the second argument, or the empty string if
+ the second argument was omitted.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#concept-url-scheme title=concept-url-scheme>scheme</a> component of <var title="">parsed
+ scriptURL</var> is not "<code title=data-protocol>data</code>", and the <a href=#origin>origin</a>
+ of <var title="">scriptURL</var> is not the <a href=#same-origin title="same origin">same</a> as the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>, then throw a
+ <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Thus, scripts must either be external files with the same scheme, host, and port
+ as the original page, or <a href=#data-protocol title="data protocol"><code title="">data:</code> URLs</a>.
+ For example, an <code>https:</code> page couldn't start workers using scripts with
+ <code>http:</code> URLs.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">docs</var> be the <a href=#list-of-relevant-document-objects-to-add>list of relevant <code>Document</code> objects to
+ add</a> given the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Execute the following substeps atomically:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#sharedworker>SharedWorker</a></code> object, which will shortly be associated with a
+ <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object. Let this <code><a href=#sharedworker>SharedWorker</a></code> object be <var title="">worker</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-a-new-messageport-object>Create a new <code>MessagePort</code> object</a> whose <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> is the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>. Let
+ this be the <var title="">outside port</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Assign <var title="">outside port</var> to the <code title=dom-SharedWorker-port><a href=#dom-sharedworker-port>port</a></code> attribute of <var title="">worker</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">worker global scope</var> be null.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">name</var> is not the empty string and there exists a
+ <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object whose <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a> flag is false, whose <code title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-name>name</code> attribute is exactly equal to <var title="">name</var>, and that is the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified by a <a href=#script-settings-object>script
+ settings object</a> that specifies as its <a href=#origin>origin</a> the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a>
+ as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of <var title="">scriptURL</var>, then let <var title="">worker
+ global scope</var> be that <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if <var title="">name</var> is the empty string and there exists a
+ <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object whose <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-closing title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-closing>closing</a> flag is false, whose <code title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-name>name</code> attribute is the empty string, and whose <code title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-location><a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-location>location</a></code> attribute represents an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> that is exactly equal to <var title="">scriptURL</var>, then let <var title="">worker global scope</var> be that <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">worker global scope</var> is not null, but the user agent has been
+ configured to disallow communication between the worker represented by the <var title="">worker global scope</var> and the <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>scripts</a> whose
+ <a href=#settings-object title="settings object">settings objects</a> are the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings
+ object</a>, then set <var title="">worker global scope</var> to null.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For example, a user agent could have a development mode that isolates a
+ particular <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> from all other pages, and scripts in that
+ development mode could be blocked from connecting to shared workers running in the normal
+ browser mode.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">worker global scope</var> is not null, then run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">worker global scope</var>'s <code title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-location><a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-location>location</a></code> attribute represents an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute
+ URL</a> that is not exactly equal to <var title="">scriptURL</var>, then throw a
+ <code><a href=#urlmismatcherror>URLMismatchError</a></code> exception and abort all these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Associate <var title="">worker</var> with <var title="">worker global
+ scope</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">settings object</var> be the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a>
+ whose <a href=#global-object>global object</a> is <var title="">worker global scope</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-a-new-messageport-object>Create a new <code>MessagePort</code> object</a> whose <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> is <var title="">settings object</var>. Let this be
+ the <var title="">inside port</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#entangle>Entangle</a> <var title="">outside port</var>
+ and <var title="">inside port</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event that uses the
+ <code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code> interface, with the name <code title=event-WorkerGlobalScope-connect><a href=#event-workerglobalscope-connect>connect</a></code>, which does not bubble, is not
+ cancelable, has no default action, has a <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data><a href=#dom-messageevent-data>data</a></code>
+ attribute whose value is initialised to the empty string, has a <code title=dom-MessageEvent-ports><a href=#dom-messageevent-ports>ports</a></code> attribute whose value is initialised to a <a href=#dfn-read-only-array title=dfn-read-only-array>read only</a> array containing only the newly created port,
+ and has a <code title=dom-MessageEvent-source><a href=#dom-messageevent-source>source</a></code> attribute whose value is
+ initialised to the newly created port, and <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>dispatch</a> the event at <var title="">worker global
+ scope</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href="#add-a-document-to-the-worker's-documents" title="add a document to the worker's documents">Add to <var title="">worker global
+ scope</var>'s list of <span>the worker's <code>Document</code>s</span></a> the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects in <var title="">docs</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>
+ is a <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object, add <var title="">worker global scope</var> to
+ the list of <a href="#the-worker's-workers">the worker's workers</a> of the <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object
+ that is the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings
+ object</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">worker</var> and abort all these steps.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <!-- OTHERWISE: -->
+
+ <li><p>Create a new <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object. Let <var title="">worker
+ global scope</var> be this new object.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#set-up-a-worker-script-settings-object>Set up a worker script settings object</a> with <var title="">worker global
+ scope</var> and <var title="">scriptURL</var>, and let <var title="">settings object</var> be
+ the result.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Associate <var title="">worker</var> with <var title="">worker global
+ scope</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code title=dom-SharedWorkerGlobalScope-name><a href=#dom-sharedworkerglobalscope-name>name</a></code> attribute of <var title="">worker global scope</var> to <var title="">name</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-a-new-messageport-object>Create a new <code>MessagePort</code> object</a> whose <a href=#concept-port-owner title=concept-port-owner>owner</a> is <var title="">settings object</var>. Let <var title="">inside port</var> be this new object.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#entangle>Entangle</a> <var title="">outside port</var> and <var title="">inside
+ port</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">worker</var> and perform the remaining steps asynchronously.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event that uses the
+ <code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code> interface, with the name <code title=event-WorkerGlobalScope-connect><a href=#event-workerglobalscope-connect>connect</a></code>, which does not bubble, is not
+ cancelable, has no default action, has a <code title=dom-MessageEvent-data><a href=#dom-messageevent-data>data</a></code>
+ attribute whose value is initialised to the empty string, has a <code title=dom-MessageEvent-ports><a href=#dom-messageevent-ports>ports</a></code> attribute whose value is initialised to a <a href=#dfn-read-only-array title=dfn-read-only-array>read only</a> array containing only the newly created port, and
+ has a <code title=dom-MessageEvent-source><a href=#dom-messageevent-source>source</a></code> attribute whose value is initialized
+ to the newly created port, and <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#concept-event-dispatch title=concept-event-dispatch>dispatch</a> the event at <var title="">worker global
+ scope</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href="#add-a-document-to-the-worker's-documents" title="add a document to the worker's documents">Add to <var title="">worker global
+ scope</var>'s list of <span>the worker's <code>Document</code>s</span></a> the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> objects in <var title="">docs</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a> is
+ a <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object, add <var title="">worker global scope</var> to the
+ list of <a href="#the-worker's-workers">the worker's workers</a> of the <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object that is
+ the <a href=#global-object>global object</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#run-a-worker>Run a worker</a> for the script with <a href=#url>URL</a> <var title="">scriptURL</var>
+ and the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a> <var title="">settings object</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the tasks mentioned above is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task
+ source</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=apis-available-to-workers><span class=secno>10.3 </span>APIs available to workers</h3>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Exposed=Worker]
+partial interface <a href=#workerglobalscope id=WorkerGlobalScope-partial>WorkerGlobalScope</a> {<!-- not obsolete -->
+ void <a href=#dom-workerglobalscope-importscripts title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-importScripts>importScripts</a>(DOMString... urls);
+ readonly attribute <a href=#workernavigator>WorkerNavigator</a> <a href=#dom-worker-navigator title=dom-worker-navigator>navigator</a>;
+};
+<a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a> implements <a href=#windowtimers>WindowTimers</a>;
+<a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a> implements <a href=#windowbase64>WindowBase64</a>;</pre>
+
+
+ <h4 id=importing-scripts-and-libraries><span class=secno>10.3.1 </span>Importing scripts and libraries</h4>
+
+ <p>When a script invokes the <dfn id=dom-workerglobalscope-importscripts title=dom-WorkerGlobalScope-importScripts><code>importScripts(<var title="">urls</var>)</code></dfn> method on a <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> object, the user
+ agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If there are no arguments, return without doing anything. Abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">settings object</var> be the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings
+ object</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">Resolve</a> each argument.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If any fail, throw a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Attempt to <a href=#fetch>fetch</a><!--FETCH--> each resource identified by the resulting <a href=#absolute-url title="absolute URL">absolute URLs</a>, from the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by <var title="">settings object</var>, using the <a href=#api-referrer-source>API referrer source</a> specified by <var title="">settings object</var>, and with the <i>synchronous flag</i> set.</p> <!-- not
+ http-origin privacy sensitive -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each argument in turn, in the order given, starting with the first one, run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Wait for the fetching attempt for the corresponding resource to complete.</p>
+
+ <p>If the fetching attempt failed, throw a <code><a href=#networkerror>NetworkError</a></code> exception and abort all
+ these steps.</p>
+
+ <p>If the attempt succeeds, then let <var title="">source</var> be the result of running the
+ <a href=#utf-8-decode>UTF-8 decode</a> algorithm on the script resource.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">language</var> be JavaScript.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>As with the worker's script, the script here is always assumed to be
+ JavaScript, regardless of the MIME type.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#create-a-script>Create a script</a> using <var title="">source</var> as the script source, the
+ <a href=#url>URL</a> from which <var title="">source</var> was obtained, <var title="">language</var> as the scripting language, and <var title="">settings object</var> as
+ the <a href=#script-settings-object>script settings object</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the script came from a resource whose <a href=#url>URL</a> does not have the <a href=#same-origin>same
+ origin</a> as the <a href=#origin>origin</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings
+ object</a>, then pass the <var title="">muted errors</var> flag to the <a href=#create-a-script>create a
+ script</a> algorithm as well.</p>
+
+ <p>Let the newly created <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> run until it either
+ returns, fails to parse, fails to catch an exception, or gets prematurely aborted by the
+ "<a href=#kill-a-worker>kill a worker</a>" or "<a href=#terminate-a-worker>terminate a worker</a>" algorithms defined
+ above.</p>
+
+ <p>If it failed to parse, then throw an ECMAScript <code title=js-SyntaxError><a href=#js-syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort all these steps. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <p>If an exception was thrown or if the script was prematurely aborted, then abort all these
+ steps, letting the exception or aborting continue to be processed by the calling <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the "<a href=#kill-a-worker>kill a worker</a>" or "<a href=#terminate-a-worker>terminate a worker</a>" algorithms abort
+ the script then abort all these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><h4 id=the-workernavigator-object><span class=secno>10.3.2 </span>The <code><a href=#workernavigator>WorkerNavigator</a></code> object</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-worker-navigator title=dom-worker-navigator><code>navigator</code></dfn> attribute
+ of the <code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code> interface must return an instance of
+ the <code><a href=#workernavigator>WorkerNavigator</a></code> interface, which represents the
+ identity and state of the user agent (the client):</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Exposed=Worker]
+interface <dfn id=workernavigator>WorkerNavigator</dfn> {};
+<a href=#workernavigator>WorkerNavigator</a> implements <a href=#navigatorid>NavigatorID</a>;
+<a href=#workernavigator>WorkerNavigator</a> implements <a href=#navigatorlanguage>NavigatorLanguage</a>;
+<a href=#workernavigator>WorkerNavigator</a> implements <a href=#navigatoronline>NavigatorOnLine</a>;</pre>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=worker-locations><span class=secno>10.3.3 </span>Worker locations</h4>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Exposed=Worker]
+interface <dfn id=workerlocation>WorkerLocation</dfn> { };
+<a href=#workerlocation>WorkerLocation</a> implements <a href=#urlutilsreadonly>URLUtilsReadOnly</a>;</pre>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#workerlocation>WorkerLocation</a></code> object represents an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> set at its
+ creation.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#workerlocation>WorkerLocation</a></code> interface supports the <code><a href=#urlutilsreadonly>URLUtilsReadOnly</a></code>
+ interface. <a href=#refsURL>[URL]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When the object is created, the user agent must invoke the element's
+ <code><a href=#urlutilsreadonly>URLUtilsReadOnly</a></code> interface's <a href=#concept-uu-set-the-input title=concept-uu-set-the-input>set the
+ input</a> algorithm with the <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> that the <code><a href=#workerlocation>WorkerLocation</a></code>
+ object represents as the given value.</p>
+
+ <p>The element's <code><a href=#urlutilsreadonly>URLUtilsReadOnly</a></code> interface's <a href=#concept-uu-get-the-base title=concept-uu-get-the-base>get the base</a> algorithm must return null.</p>
+
+
+
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Workers-->
+
+
+
+
+
+ <h2 id=webstorage><span class=secno>11 </span>Web storage</h2>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=introduction-13><span class=secno>11.1 </span>Introduction</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>This specification introduces two related mechanisms, similar to HTTP session cookies, for
+ storing name-value pairs on the client side. <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The first is designed for scenarios where the user is carrying out a single transaction, but
+ could be carrying out multiple transactions in different windows at the same time.</p>
+
+ <p>Cookies don't really handle this case well. For example, a user could be buying plane tickets
+ in two different windows, using the same site. If the site used cookies to keep track of which
+ ticket the user was buying, then as the user clicked from page to page in both windows, the ticket
+ currently being purchased would "leak" from one window to the other, potentially causing the user
+ to buy two tickets for the same flight without really noticing.</p>
+
+ <p>To address this, this specification introduces the <code title=dom-sessionStorage><a href=#dom-sessionstorage>sessionStorage</a></code> IDL attribute. Sites can add data to the session
+ storage, and it will be accessible to any page from the same site opened in that window.</p> <!--
+ we're not using xrefs here because this is just an intro -->
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, a page could have a checkbox that the user ticks to
+ indicate that he wants insurance:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;label&gt;
+ &lt;input type="checkbox" onchange="sessionStorage.insurance = checked ? 'true' : ''"&gt;
+ I want insurance on this trip.
+&lt;/label&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>A later page could then check, from script, whether the user had checked the checkbox or
+ not:</p>
+
+ <pre>if (sessionStorage.insurance) { ... }</pre>
+
+ <p>If the user had multiple windows opened on the site, each one would have its own individual
+ copy of the session storage object.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!--
+
+ sessionStorage.flightDeparture = 'OSL';
+ sessionStorage.flightArrival = 'NYC';
+
+ for (var i in forms[0].elements)
+ sessionStorage["data_" + i.name] = i.value;
+
+ // if we add storage of non-strings
+ if (!sessionStorage[documents])
+ sessionStorage[documents] = {};
+ sessionStorage[documents][filename] = <document/>;
+
+ -->
+
+ <p>The second storage mechanism is designed for storage that spans multiple windows, and lasts
+ beyond the current session. In particular, Web applications may wish to store megabytes of user
+ data, such as entire user-authored documents or a user's mailbox, on the client side for
+ performance reasons.</p>
+
+ <p>Again, cookies do not handle this case well, because they are transmitted with every
+ request.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code> IDL attribute is used to access a page's
+ local storage area.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The site at example.com can display a count of how many times the user has loaded its page by
+ putting the following at the bottom of its page:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;
+ You have viewed this page
+ &lt;span id="count"&gt;an untold number of&lt;/span&gt;
+ time(s).
+&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ if (!localStorage.pageLoadCount)
+ localStorage.pageLoadCount = 0;
+ localStorage.pageLoadCount = parseInt(localStorage.pageLoadCount) + 1;
+ document.getElementById('count').textContent = localStorage.pageLoadCount;
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Each site has its own separate storage area.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=storage><span class=secno>11.2 </span>The API</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=the-storage-interface><span class=secno>11.2.1 </span>The <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> interface</h4>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=storage-0>Storage</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-storage-length title=dom-Storage-length>length</a>;
+ DOMString? <a href=#dom-storage-key title=dom-Storage-key>key</a>(unsigned long index);
+ getter DOMString? <a href=#dom-storage-getitem title=dom-Storage-getItem>getItem</a>(DOMString key);
+ setter creator void <a href=#dom-storage-setitem title=dom-Storage-setItem>setItem</a>(DOMString key, DOMString value);
+ deleter void <a href=#dom-storage-removeitem title=dom-Storage-removeItem>removeItem</a>(DOMString key);
+ void <a href=#dom-storage-clear title=dom-Storage-clear>clear</a>();
+};</pre>
+
+ <!-- v2 ideas:
+ a getInfo() method that returns an object that tells you:
+ - when the key was added
+ - when the key was last modified
+ - which page was the last to modify the key
+ [-Mihai Sucan]
+
+ support non-string values
+ -->
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object provides access to a list of key/value pairs, which are
+ sometimes called items. Keys are strings. Any string (including the empty string) is a valid key.
+ Values are similarly strings.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object is associated with a list of key/value pairs when it is
+ created, as defined in the sections on the <code title=dom-sessionStorage><a href=#dom-sessionstorage>sessionStorage</a></code>
+ and <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code> attributes. Multiple separate objects
+ implementing the <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> interface can all be associated with the same list of
+ key/value pairs simultaneously.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-storage-length title=dom-Storage-length><code>length</code></dfn> attribute must return the number
+ of key/value pairs currently present in the list associated with the object.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-storage-key title=dom-Storage-key><code>key(<var title="">n</var>)</code></dfn> method must
+ return the name of the <var title="">n</var>th key in the list. The order of keys is user-agent
+ defined, but must be consistent within an object so long as the number of keys doesn't change.
+ (Thus, <a href=#dom-storage-setitem title=dom-Storage-setItem>adding</a> or <a href=#dom-storage-removeitem title=dom-Storage-removeItem>removing</a> a key may change the order of the keys, but merely
+ changing the value of an existing key must not.) <!--The order of keys may differ between
+ instances of the <code>Storage</code> interface accessing the same list. [removed for now for
+ clarity, but if people ask, put it back. this is part of the spec.]--> If <var title="">n</var> is
+ <!--less than zero or [can't, unsigned]--> greater than or equal to the number of key/value pairs
+ in the object, then this method must return null.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#supported-property-names>supported property names</a> on a <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object are the keys of each
+ key/value pair currently present in the list associated with the object, in the order that the
+ keys were last added to the storage area.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-storage-getitem title=dom-Storage-getItem><code>getItem(<var title="">key</var>)</code></dfn> method
+ must return the current value associated with the given <var title="">key</var>. If the given <var title="">key</var> does not exist in the list associated with the object then this method must
+ return null. </p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-storage-setitem title=dom-Storage-setItem><code>setItem(<var title="">key</var>, <var title="">value</var>)</code></dfn> method must first check if a key/value pair with the given <var title="">key</var> already exists in the list associated with the object.</p>
+
+ <p>If it does not, then a new key/value pair must be added to the list, with the given <var title="">key</var> and with its value set to <var title="">value</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the given <var title="">key</var> <em>does</em> exist in the list, and its value is not
+ equal to <var title="">value</var>, then it must have its value updated to <var title="">value</var>. If its previous value <em>is</em> equal to <var title="">value</var>, then
+ the method must do nothing.</p>
+
+ <p>If it couldn't set the new value, the method must throw a <code><a href=#quotaexceedederror>QuotaExceededError</a></code>
+ exception. (Setting could fail if, e.g., the user has disabled storage for the site, or if the
+ quota has been exceeded.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-storage-removeitem title=dom-Storage-removeItem><code>removeItem(<var title="">key</var>)</code></dfn>
+ method must cause the key/value pair with the given <var title="">key</var> to be removed from the
+ list associated with the object, if it exists. If no item with that key exists, the method must do
+ nothing.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-Storage-setItem><a href=#dom-storage-setitem>setItem()</a></code> and <code title=dom-Storage-removeItem><a href=#dom-storage-removeitem>removeItem()</a></code> methods must be atomic with respect to failure.
+ In the case of failure, the method does nothing. That is, changes to the data storage area must
+ either be successful, or the data storage area must not be changed at all.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-storage-clear title=dom-Storage-clear><code>clear()</code></dfn> method must atomically cause the
+ list associated with the object to be emptied of all key/value pairs, if there are any. If there
+ are none, then the method must do nothing.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>When the <code title=dom-Storage-setItem><a href=#dom-storage-setitem>setItem()</a></code>, <code title=dom-Storage-removeItem><a href=#dom-storage-removeitem>removeItem()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-Storage-clear><a href=#dom-storage-clear>clear()</a></code> methods are invoked, events are fired on the
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> objects of other <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s that can access the newly stored or
+ removed data, as defined in the sections on the <code title=dom-sessionStorage><a href=#dom-sessionstorage>sessionStorage</a></code> and <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code> attributes.</p> <!-- not normative, see the sections
+ below for the normative statement -->
+
+ <p class=note>This specification does not require that the above methods wait until the data has
+ been physically written to disk. Only consistency in what different scripts accessing the same
+ underlying list of key/value pairs see is required.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-sessionstorage-attribute><span class=secno>11.2.2 </span>The <code title=dom-sessionStorage><a href=#dom-sessionstorage>sessionStorage</a></code> attribute</h4>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject]
+interface <dfn id=windowsessionstorage>WindowSessionStorage</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#storage-0>Storage</a> <a href=#dom-sessionstorage title=dom-sessionStorage>sessionStorage</a>;
+};
+<a href=#window>Window</a> implements <a href=#windowsessionstorage>WindowSessionStorage</a>;</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-sessionstorage title=dom-sessionStorage><code>sessionStorage</code></dfn> attribute represents the
+ set of storage areas specific to the current <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Each <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> has a unique set of session storage areas, one for
+ each <a href=#origin>origin</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should not expire data from a browsing context's session storage areas, but may do
+ so when the user requests that such data be deleted, or when the UA detects that it has limited
+ storage space, or for security reasons. User agents should always avoid deleting data while a
+ script that could access that data is running. When a top-level browsing context is destroyed (and
+ therefore permanently inaccessible to the user) the data stored in its session storage areas can
+ be discarded with it, as the API described in this specification provides no way for that data to
+ ever be subsequently retrieved.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The lifetime of a browsing context can be unrelated to the lifetime of the actual
+ user agent process itself, as the user agent may support resuming sessions after a restart.</p>
+
+ <p>When a new <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is created in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> which has a
+ <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a>, the user agent must check to see if that <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level
+ browsing context</a> has a session storage area for that document's <a href=#origin>origin</a>. If it
+ does, then that is the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s assigned session storage area. If it does not, a
+ new storage area for that document's <a href=#origin>origin</a> must be created, and then <em>that</em>
+ is the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s assigned session storage area. A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s assigned
+ storage area does not change during the lifetime of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In the case of an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> being moved to another
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, the nested browsing context is destroyed and a new one created.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-sessionStorage><a href=#dom-sessionstorage>sessionStorage</a></code> attribute must return a
+ <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object associated with the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s assigned session storage
+ area, if any, or null if there isn't one. Each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object must have a separate
+ object for its <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>'s <code title=dom-sessionStorage><a href=#dom-sessionstorage>sessionStorage</a></code>
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>When a new <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> is created by cloning an existing
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, the new browsing context must start with the same session storage
+ areas as the original, but the two sets must from that point on be considered separate, not
+ affecting each other in any way.</p>
+
+ <p>When a new <a href=#top-level-browsing-context>top-level browsing context</a> is created by a <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> in an existing <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, or by the user
+ following a link in an existing browsing context, or in some other way related to a specific
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, and the creation is not <a href=#a-new-start-for-session-storage>a new start for session storage</a>, then
+ the session storage area of the <a href=#origin>origin</a> of that <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> must be copied
+ into the new browsing context when it is created. From that point on, however, the two session
+ storage areas must be considered separate, not affecting each other in any way.</p>
+
+ <p id=sessionStorageEvent>When the <code title=dom-Storage-setItem><a href=#dom-storage-setitem>setItem()</a></code>, <code title=dom-Storage-removeItem><a href=#dom-storage-removeitem>removeItem()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-Storage-clear><a href=#dom-storage-clear>clear()</a></code> methods are called on a <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object <var title="">x</var> that is associated with a session storage area, if the methods did not throw an
+ exception or "do nothing" as defined above, then for every <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object whose
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's <code title=dom-sessionStorage><a href=#dom-sessionstorage>sessionStorage</a></code> attribute's
+ <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object is associated with the same storage area, other than <var title="">x</var>, <a href=#send-a-storage-notification>send a storage notification</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-localstorage-attribute><span class=secno>11.2.3 </span>The <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code> attribute</h4>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[NoInterfaceObject]
+interface <dfn id=windowlocalstorage>WindowLocalStorage</dfn> {
+ readonly attribute <a href=#storage-0>Storage</a> <a href=#dom-localstorage title=dom-localStorage>localStorage</a>;
+};
+<a href=#window>Window</a> implements <a href=#windowlocalstorage>WindowLocalStorage</a>;</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-localstorage title=dom-localStorage><code>localStorage</code></dfn> object provides a
+ <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object for an <a href=#origin>origin</a>.
+ <a href=#fingerprinting-vector class=fingerprint title="fingerprinting vector"><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/fingerprint.png width=46 alt="(This is a fingerprinting vector.)" height=64></a>
+ </p>
+
+ <p>User agents must have a set of local storage areas, one for each <a href=#origin>origin</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should expire data from the local storage areas only for security reasons or when
+ requested to do so by the user. User agents should always avoid deleting data while a script that
+ could access that data is running.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code> attribute is accessed, the user
+ agent must run the following steps, which are known as the <dfn id=storage-object-initialization-steps><code>Storage</code> object
+ initialization steps</dfn>:</p> <!-- these steps are named because marcos uses them from another
+ spec -->
+
+ <ol><li><p>The user agent may throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps
+ instead of returning a <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object if the request violates a policy decision
+ (e.g. if the user agent is configured to not allow the page to persist data).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#origin>origin</a> is not a scheme/host/port tuple, then
+ throw a <code><a href=#securityerror>SecurityError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Check to see if the user agent has allocated a local storage area for the
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a> of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object on which the
+ attribute was accessed. If it has not, create a new storage area for that
+ <a href=#origin>origin</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object associated with that origin's local storage area.
+ Each <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object must have a separate object for its <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>'s <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ </ol><p id=localStorageEvent>When the <code title=dom-Storage-setItem><a href=#dom-storage-setitem>setItem()</a></code>, <code title=dom-Storage-removeItem><a href=#dom-storage-removeitem>removeItem()</a></code>, and <code title=dom-Storage-clear><a href=#dom-storage-clear>clear()</a></code> methods are called on a <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object <var title="">x</var> that is associated with a local storage area, if the methods did not throw an
+ exception or "do nothing" as defined above, then for every <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object whose
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object's <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code> attribute's
+ <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object is associated with the same storage area, other than <var title="">x</var>, <a href=#send-a-storage-notification>send a storage notification</a>.
+
+ <p id=localStorageMutex>Whenever the properties of a <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code> attribute's <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object are to be
+ examined, returned, set, or deleted, whether as part of a direct property access, when checking
+ for the presence of a property, during property enumeration, when determining the number of
+ properties present, or as part of the execution of any of the methods or attributes defined on the
+ <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> interface, the user agent must first <a href=#obtain-the-storage-mutex>obtain the storage
+ mutex</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-storage-event><span class=secno>11.2.4 </span>The <code title=event-storage><a href=#event-storage>storage</a></code> event</h4>
+
+ <p>The <code title=event-storage><a href=#event-storage>storage</a></code> event is fired on a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s
+ <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object when a storage area changes, as described in the previous two sections
+ (<a href=#sessionStorageEvent>for session storage</a>, <a href=#localStorageEvent>for local
+ storage</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=send-a-storage-notification>send a storage notification</dfn> for a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, the
+ user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code><a href=#storage-0>storage</a></code>, which
+ does not bubble and is not cancelable, and which uses the <code><a href=#storageevent>StorageEvent</a></code> interface, at
+ the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Such a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object is not necessarily <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>,
+ but events fired on such objects are ignored by the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> until the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> becomes <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a> again.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for these tasks is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task
+ source</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the event is being fired due to an invocation of the <code title=dom-Storage-setItem><a href=#dom-storage-setitem>setItem()</a></code> or <code title=dom-Storage-removeItem><a href=#dom-storage-removeitem>removeItem()</a></code> methods, the event must have its <code title=dom-StorageEvent-key><a href=#dom-storageevent-key>key</a></code> attribute initialised to the name of the key in question,
+ its <code title=dom-StorageEvent-oldValue><a href=#dom-storageevent-oldvalue>oldValue</a></code> attribute initialised to the old
+ value of the key in question, or null if the key is newly added, and its <code title=dom-StorageEvent-newValue><a href=#dom-storageevent-newvalue>newValue</a></code> attribute initialised to the new value of the
+ key in question, or null if the key was removed.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the event is being fired due to an invocation of the <code title=dom-Storage-clear><a href=#dom-storage-clear>clear()</a></code> method, the event must have its <code title=dom-StorageEvent-key><a href=#dom-storageevent-key>key</a></code>, <code title=dom-StorageEvent-oldValue><a href=#dom-storageevent-oldvalue>oldValue</a></code>,
+ and <code title=dom-StorageEvent-newValue><a href=#dom-storageevent-newvalue>newValue</a></code> attributes initialised to null.</p>
+
+ <p>In addition, the event must have its <code title=dom-StorageEvent-url><a href=#dom-storageevent-url>url</a></code> attribute
+ initialised to <a href="#the-document's-address" title="the document's address">the address of the document</a> whose
+ <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object was affected; and its <code title=dom-StorageEvent-storageArea><a href=#dom-storageevent-storagearea>storageArea</a></code> attribute initialised to the
+ <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object from the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of the target
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that represents the same kind of <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> area as was affected
+ (i.e. session or local).</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-storageevent-interface><span class=secno>11.2.4.1 </span>The <code><a href=#storageevent>StorageEvent</a></code> interface</h5>
+
+ <pre class=idl>[Constructor(DOMString type, optional <a href=#storageeventinit>StorageEventInit</a> eventInitDict)]
+interface <dfn id=storageevent>StorageEvent</dfn> : <a href=#event>Event</a> {
+ readonly attribute DOMString? <a href=#dom-storageevent-key title=dom-StorageEvent-key>key</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString? <a href=#dom-storageevent-oldvalue title=dom-StorageEvent-oldValue>oldValue</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString? <a href=#dom-storageevent-newvalue title=dom-StorageEvent-newValue>newValue</a>;
+ readonly attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-storageevent-url title=dom-StorageEvent-url>url</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#storage-0>Storage</a>? <a href=#dom-storageevent-storagearea title=dom-StorageEvent-storageArea>storageArea</a>;
+};
+
+dictionary <dfn id=storageeventinit>StorageEventInit</dfn> : <a href=#eventinit>EventInit</a> {
+ DOMString? key;
+ DOMString? oldValue;
+ DOMString? newValue;
+ DOMString url;
+ <a href=#storage-0>Storage</a>? storageArea;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-storageevent-key title=dom-StorageEvent-key><code>key</code></dfn> attribute must return the value it
+ was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to null. It
+ represents the key being changed.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-storageevent-oldvalue title=dom-StorageEvent-oldValue><code>oldValue</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ the value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to
+ null. It represents the old value of the key being changed.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-storageevent-newvalue title=dom-StorageEvent-newValue><code>newValue</code></dfn> attribute must return
+ the value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to
+ null. It represents the new value of the key being changed.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-storageevent-url title=dom-StorageEvent-url><code>url</code></dfn> attribute must return the value it
+ was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be initialised to the empty
+ string. It represents the address of the document whose key changed.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-storageevent-storagearea title=dom-StorageEvent-storageArea><code>storageArea</code></dfn> attribute must
+ return the value it was initialised to. When the object is created, this attribute must be
+ initialised to null. It represents the <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code> object that was affected.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=threads><span class=secno>11.2.5 </span>Threads</h4>
+
+ <p>Because of <a href=#localStorageMutex>the use</a> of the <a href=#storage-mutex>storage mutex</a>, multiple
+ browsing contexts will be able to access the local storage areas simultaneously in such a manner
+ that scripts cannot detect any concurrent script execution.</p>
+
+ <p>Thus, the <code title=dom-Storage-length><a href=#dom-storage-length>length</a></code> attribute of a <code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code>
+ object, and the value of the various properties of that object, cannot change while a script is
+ executing, other than in a way that is predictable by the script itself.</p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=disk-space-0><span class=secno>11.3 </span>Disk space</h3>
+
+ <p>User agents should limit the total amount of space allowed for storage areas, because hostile
+ authors could otherwise use this feature to exhaust the user's available disk space.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should guard against sites storing data under their origin's other affiliated
+ sites, e.g. storing up to the limit in a1.example.com, a2.example.com, a3.example.com, etc,
+ circumventing the main example.com storage limit.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may prompt the user when quotas are reached, allowing the user to grant a site more
+ space. This enables sites to store many user-created documents on the user's computer, for
+ instance.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents should allow users to see how much space each domain is using.</p>
+
+ <!--<p>If the storage area space limit is reached during a <code
+ title="dom-Storage-setItem">setItem()</code> call, the method will throw an exception.</p>-->
+
+ <p>A mostly arbitrary limit of five megabytes per <a href=#origin>origin</a> is suggested. Implementation
+ feedback is welcome and will be used to update this suggestion in the future.</p>
+
+ <p>For predictability, quotas should be based on the uncompressed size of data stored.</p>
+ <!-- see https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=21319#c3 -->
+
+
+ <h3 id=privacy><span class=secno>11.4 </span>Privacy</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=user-tracking><span class=secno>11.4.1 </span>User tracking</h4>
+
+ <p>A third-party advertiser (or any entity capable of getting content distributed to multiple
+ sites) could use a unique identifier stored in its local storage area to track a user across
+ multiple sessions, building a profile of the user's interests to allow for highly targeted
+ advertising. In conjunction with a site that is aware of the user's real identity (for example an
+ e-commerce site that requires authenticated credentials), this could allow oppressive groups to
+ target individuals with greater accuracy than in a world with purely anonymous Web usage.</p>
+
+ <p>There are a number of techniques that can be used to mitigate the risk of user tracking:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Blocking third-party storage</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>User agents may restrict access to the <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code>
+ objects to scripts originating at the domain of the top-level document of the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing
+ context</a>, for instance denying access to the API for pages from other domains running in
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>s.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Expiring stored data</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>User agents may, possibly in a manner configured by the user, automatically delete stored
+ data after a period of time.</p>
+
+ <p>For example, a user agent could be configured to treat third-party local storage areas as
+ session-only storage, deleting the data once the user had closed all the <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing
+ context">browsing contexts</a> that could access it.</p>
+
+ <p>This can restrict the ability of a site to track a user, as the site would then only be able
+ to track the user across multiple sessions when he authenticates with the site itself (e.g. by
+ making a purchase or logging in to a service).</p>
+
+ <p>However, this also reduces the usefulness of the API as a long-term storage mechanism. It can
+ also put the user's data at risk, if the user does not fully understand the implications of data
+ expiration.</p>
+
+ <!--v2 consider adding an explicit way for sites to state when data should expire, as in
+ localStorage.expireData(365); -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Treating persistent storage as cookies</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If users attempt to protect their privacy by clearing cookies without also clearing data
+ stored in the local storage area, sites can defeat those attempts by using the two features as
+ redundant backup for each other. User agents should present the interfaces for clearing these in
+ a way that helps users to understand this possibility and enables them to delete data in all
+ persistent storage features simultaneously. <a href=#refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Site-specific white-listing of access to local storage areas</dt> <dd>
+
+ <p>User agents may allow sites to access session storage areas in
+ an unrestricted manner, but require the user to authorise access
+ to local storage areas.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Origin-tracking of stored data</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>User agents may record the <a href=#origin title=origin>origins</a> of sites that contained
+ content from third-party origins that caused data to be stored.</p>
+
+ <p>If this information is then used to present the view of data currently in persistent storage,
+ it would allow the user to make informed decisions about which parts of the persistent storage
+ to prune. Combined with a blacklist ("delete this data and prevent this domain from ever storing
+ data again"), the user can restrict the use of persistent storage to sites that he trusts.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Shared blacklists</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>User agents may allow users to share their persistent storage domain blacklists.</p>
+
+ <p>This would allow communities to act together to protect their privacy.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>While these suggestions prevent trivial use of this API for user tracking, they do not block it
+ altogether. Within a single domain, a site can continue to track the user during a session, and
+ can then pass all this information to the third party along with any identifying information
+ (names, credit card numbers, addresses) obtained by the site. If a third party cooperates with
+ multiple sites to obtain such information, a profile can still be created.</p>
+
+ <p>However, user tracking is to some extent possible even with no cooperation from the user agent
+ whatsoever, for instance by using session identifiers in URLs, a technique already commonly used
+ for innocuous purposes but easily repurposed for user tracking (even retroactively). This
+ information can then be shared with other sites, using visitors' IP addresses and other
+ user-specific data (e.g. user-agent headers and configuration settings) to combine separate
+ sessions into coherent user profiles.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=sensitivity-of-data><span class=secno>11.4.2 </span>Sensitivity of data</h4>
+
+ <p>User agents should treat persistently stored data as potentially sensitive; it's quite possible
+ for e-mails, calendar appointments, health records, or other confidential documents to be stored
+ in this mechanism.</p>
+
+ <p>To this end, user agents should ensure that when deleting data, it is promptly deleted from the
+ underlying storage.</p>
+
+
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <h3 id=security-storage><span class=secno>11.5 </span>Security</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=dns-spoofing-attacks><span class=secno>11.5.1 </span>DNS spoofing attacks</h4>
+
+ <p>Because of the potential for DNS spoofing attacks, one cannot guarantee that a host claiming to
+ be in a certain domain really is from that domain. To mitigate this, pages can use TLS. Pages
+ using TLS can be sure that only the user, software working on behalf of the user, and other pages
+ using TLS that have certificates identifying them as being from the same domain, can access their
+ storage areas.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=cross-directory-attacks><span class=secno>11.5.2 </span>Cross-directory attacks</h4>
+
+ <p>Different authors sharing one host name, for example users hosting content on
+ <code>geocities.com</code>, all share one local storage object. There is no feature to restrict
+ the access by pathname. Authors on shared hosts are therefore urged to avoid using these features,
+ as it would be trivial for other authors to read the data and overwrite it.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Even if a path-restriction feature was made available, the usual DOM scripting
+ security model would make it trivial to bypass this protection and access the data from any
+ path.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=implementation-risks><span class=secno>11.5.3 </span>Implementation risks</h4>
+
+ <p>The two primary risks when implementing these persistent storage features are letting hostile
+ sites read information from other domains, and letting hostile sites write information that is
+ then read from other domains.</p>
+
+ <p>Letting third-party sites read data that is not supposed to be read from their domain causes
+ <em>information leakage</em>, For example, a user's shopping wishlist on one domain could be used
+ by another domain for targeted advertising; or a user's work-in-progress confidential documents
+ stored by a word-processing site could be examined by the site of a competing company.</p>
+
+ <p>Letting third-party sites write data to the persistent storage of other domains can result in
+ <em>information spoofing</em>, which is equally dangerous. For example, a hostile site could add
+ items to a user's wishlist; or a hostile site could set a user's session identifier to a known ID
+ that the hostile site can then use to track the user's actions on the victim site.</p>
+
+ <p>Thus, strictly following the <a href=#origin>origin</a> model described in this specification is
+ important for user security.</p>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+
+
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML Syntax and Parsing-->
+
+ <h2 id=syntax><span class=secno>12 </span><dfn>The HTML syntax</dfn></h2>
+
+ <p class=note>This section only describes the rules for resources labeled with an <a href=#html-mime-type>HTML
+ MIME type</a>. Rules for XML resources are discussed in the section below entitled "<a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>The
+ XHTML syntax</a>".</p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=writing><span class=secno>12.1 </span>Writing HTML documents</h3>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p><i>This section only applies to documents, authoring tools, and markup generators. In
+ particular, it does not apply to conformance checkers; conformance checkers must use the
+ requirements given in the next section ("parsing HTML documents").</i></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Documents must consist of the following parts, in the given
+ order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>Optionally, a single U+FEFF BYTE ORDER MARK (BOM) character.</li>
+
+ <li>Any number of <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comments</a> and <a href=#space-character title="space
+ character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>A <a href=#syntax-doctype title=syntax-doctype>DOCTYPE</a>.
+
+ <li>Any number of <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comments</a> and <a href=#space-character title="space
+ character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The root element, in the form of an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> <a href=#syntax-elements title=syntax-elements>element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Any number of <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comments</a> and <a href=#space-character title="space
+ character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The various types of content mentioned above are described in the next few sections.</p>
+
+ <p>In addition, there are some restrictions on how <a href=#character-encoding-declaration title="character encoding
+ declaration">character encoding declarations</a> are to be serialized, as discussed in the
+ section on that topic.</p>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>Space characters before the root <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, and space characters at the start
+ of the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element and before the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element, will be dropped when
+ the document is parsed; space characters <em>after</em> the root <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element will
+ be parsed as if they were at the end of the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element. Thus, space characters
+ around the root element do not round-trip.</p>
+
+ <p>It is suggested that newlines be inserted after the DOCTYPE, after any comments that are
+ before the root element, after the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element's start tag (if it is not <a href=#syntax-tag-omission title=syntax-tag-omission>omitted</a>), and after any comments that are inside the
+ <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element but before the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Many strings in the HTML syntax (e.g. the names of elements and their attributes) are
+ case-insensitive, but only for <a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters>uppercase ASCII letters</a> and <a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters>lowercase ASCII
+ letters</a>. For convenience, in this section this is just referred to as
+ "case-insensitive".</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-doctype><span class=secno>12.1.1 </span>The DOCTYPE</h4>
+
+ <p>A <dfn id=syntax-doctype title=syntax-doctype>DOCTYPE</dfn> is a <!-- mostly useless but nonetheless -->
+ required preamble.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>DOCTYPEs are required for legacy reasons. When omitted, browsers tend to use a
+ different rendering mode that is incompatible with some specifications. Including the DOCTYPE in a
+ document ensures that the browser makes a best-effort attempt at following the relevant
+ specifications.</p>
+
+ <p>A DOCTYPE must consist of the following components, in this order:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li>A string that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">&lt;!DOCTYPE</code>".</li>
+ <li>One or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+ <li>A string that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">html</code>".</li>
+ <li>Optionally, a <a href=#doctype-legacy-string>DOCTYPE legacy string</a> or an <a href=#obsolete-permitted-doctype-string>obsolete permitted DOCTYPE string</a> (defined below).</li>
+ <li>Zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+ <li>A U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN character (&gt;).</li>
+ </ol><p class=note>In other words, <code>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</code>, case-insensitively.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>For the purposes of HTML generators that cannot output HTML markup with the short DOCTYPE
+ "<code title="">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</code>", a <dfn id=doctype-legacy-string>DOCTYPE legacy string</dfn> may be inserted
+ into the DOCTYPE (in the position defined above). This string must consist of:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li>One or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+ <li>A string that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">SYSTEM</code>".</li>
+ <li>One or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+ <li>A U+0022 QUOTATION MARK or U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (the <i>quote mark</i>).</li>
+ <li>The literal string "<code><a href=#about:legacy-compat>about:legacy-compat</a></code>".</li>
+ <li>A matching U+0022 QUOTATION MARK or U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (i.e. the same character as in the earlier step labeled <i>quote mark</i>).</li>
+ </ol><p class=note>In other words, <code>&lt;!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat"&gt;</code> or
+ <code>&lt;!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM 'about:legacy-compat'&gt;</code>, case-insensitively except for the
+ part in single or double quotes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#doctype-legacy-string>DOCTYPE legacy string</a> should not be used unless the document is generated from
+ a system that cannot output the shorter string.</p>
+
+ <hr><!-- see the parser section before changing this bit --><p>To help authors transition from HTML4 and XHTML1, an <dfn id=obsolete-permitted-doctype-string>obsolete permitted DOCTYPE
+ string</dfn> can be inserted into the DOCTYPE (in the position defined above). This string must
+ consist of:</p>
+
+ <ol class=brief><li>One or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+ <li>A string that is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">PUBLIC</code>".</li>
+ <li>One or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+ <li>A U+0022 QUOTATION MARK or U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (the <i>first quote mark</i>).</li>
+ <li>The string from one of the cells in the first column of the table below. The row to which this cell belongs is the <i>selected row</i>.</li>
+ <li>A matching U+0022 QUOTATION MARK or U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (i.e. the same character as in the earlier step labeled <i>first quote mark</i>).</li>
+ <li>If the cell in the second column of the <i>selected row</i> is not blank, one or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+ <li>If the cell in the second column of the <i>selected row</i> is not blank, a U+0022 QUOTATION MARK or U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (the <i>third quote mark</i>).</li>
+ <li>If the cell in the second column of the <i>selected row</i> is not blank, the string from the cell in the second column of the <i>selected row</i>.</li>
+ <li>If the cell in the second column of the <i>selected row</i> is not blank, a matching U+0022 QUOTATION MARK or U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (i.e. the same character as in the earlier step labeled <i>third quote mark</i>).</li>
+ </ol><table><caption>
+ Allowed values for public and system identifiers in an <a href=#obsolete-permitted-doctype-string>obsolete permitted DOCTYPE string</a>.
+ </caption>
+ <thead><tr><th> Public identifier
+ <th> System identifier
+ <tbody><tr><td> <code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;HTML&nbsp;4.0//EN</code>
+ <td>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;HTML&nbsp;4.0//EN</code>
+ <td> <code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;HTML&nbsp;4.01//EN</code>
+ <td>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;HTML&nbsp;4.01//EN</code>
+ <td> <code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;XHTML&nbsp;1.0&nbsp;Strict//EN</code>
+ <td> <code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;XHTML&nbsp;1.1//EN</code>
+ <td> <code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd</code>
+ </table><p>A <a href=#syntax-doctype title=syntax-doctype>DOCTYPE</a> containing an <a href=#obsolete-permitted-doctype-string>obsolete permitted DOCTYPE
+ string</a> is an <dfn id=obsolete-permitted-doctype>obsolete permitted DOCTYPE</dfn>. Authors should not use <a href=#obsolete-permitted-doctype title="obsolete permitted DOCTYPE">obsolete permitted DOCTYPEs</a>, as they are unnecessarily
+ long.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=elements-0><span class=secno>12.1.2 </span>Elements</h4>
+
+ <p>There are five different kinds of <dfn id=syntax-elements title=syntax-elements>elements</dfn>: <a href=#void-elements>void
+ elements</a>, <a href=#raw-text-elements>raw text elements</a>, <a href=#escapable-raw-text-elements>escapable raw text elements</a>,
+ <a href=#foreign-elements>foreign elements</a>, and <a href=#normal-elements>normal elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=void-elements>Void elements</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code></dd>
+ <!-- see also other places that say VOIDLIST -->
+
+ <dt><dfn id=raw-text-elements>Raw text elements</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code></dd> <!-- iframe and noscript don't count as raw text
+ for syntax purposes -->
+
+ <dt><dfn id=escapable-raw-text-elements>escapable raw text elements</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code></dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=foreign-elements>Foreign elements</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>Elements from the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a> and the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=normal-elements>Normal elements</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>All other allowed <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> are normal elements.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p><dfn id=syntax-tags title=syntax-tags>Tags</dfn> are used to delimit the start and end of elements in the
+ markup. <a href=#raw-text-elements title="raw text elements">Raw text</a>, <a href=#escapable-raw-text-elements title="escapable raw text
+ elements">escapable raw text</a>, and <a href=#normal-elements title="normal elements">normal</a> elements have
+ a <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> to indicate where they begin, and an <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> to indicate where they end. The start and end tags of
+ certain <a href=#normal-elements>normal elements</a> can be <a href=#syntax-tag-omission title=syntax-tag-omission>omitted</a>, as
+ described below in the section on <a href=#syntax-tag-omission title=syntax-tag-omission>optional tags</a>. Those
+ that cannot be omitted must not be omitted. <a href=#void-elements>Void elements</a> only have a start tag; end
+ tags must not be specified for <a href=#void-elements>void elements</a>. <a href=#foreign-elements>Foreign elements</a> must
+ either have a start tag and an end tag, or a start tag that is marked as self-closing, in which
+ case they must not have an end tag.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#concept-html-contents title=concept-html-contents>contents</a> of the element must be placed between
+ just after the start tag (which <a href=#syntax-tag-omission title=syntax-tag-omission>might be implied, in certain
+ cases</a>) and just before the end tag (which again, <a href=#syntax-tag-omission title=syntax-tag-omission>might be
+ implied in certain cases</a>). The exact allowed contents of each individual element depend on
+ the <a href=#content-models title="content models">content model</a> of that element, as described earlier in
+ this specification. Elements must not contain content that their content model disallows. In
+ addition to the restrictions placed on the contents by those content models, however, the five
+ types of elements have additional <em>syntactic</em> requirements.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#void-elements>Void elements</a> can't have any contents (since there's no end tag, no content can be
+ put between the start tag and the end tag).</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#raw-text-elements>Raw text elements</a> can have <a href=#syntax-text title=syntax-text>text</a>, though it has <a href=#cdata-rcdata-restrictions>restrictions</a> described below.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#escapable-raw-text-elements>Escapable raw text elements</a> can have <a href=#syntax-text title=syntax-text>text</a> and
+ <a href=#syntax-charref title=syntax-charref>character references</a>, but the text must not contain an <a href=#syntax-ambiguous-ampersand title=syntax-ambiguous-ampersand>ambiguous ampersand</a>. There are also <a href=#cdata-rcdata-restrictions>further restrictions</a> described below.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#foreign-elements>Foreign elements</a> whose start tag is marked as self-closing can't have any contents
+ (since, again, as there's no end tag, no content can be put between the start tag and the end
+ tag). <a href=#foreign-elements>Foreign elements</a> whose start tag is <em>not</em> marked as self-closing can
+ have <a href=#syntax-text title=syntax-text>text</a>, <a href=#syntax-charref title=syntax-charref>character
+ references</a>, <a href=#syntax-cdata title=syntax-cdata>CDATA sections</a>, other <a href=#syntax-elements title=syntax-elements>elements</a>, and <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comments</a>, but
+ the text must not contain the character U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;) or an <a href=#syntax-ambiguous-ampersand title=syntax-ambiguous-ampersand>ambiguous ampersand</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>The HTML syntax does not support namespace declarations, even in <a href=#foreign-elements>foreign
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For instance, consider the following HTML fragment:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;
+ &lt;svg&gt;
+ &lt;metadata&gt;
+ &lt;!-- this is invalid --&gt;
+ &lt;cdr:license xmlns:cdr="http://www.example.com/cdr/metadata" name="MIT"/&gt;
+ &lt;/metadata&gt;
+ &lt;/svg&gt;
+&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The innermost element, <code title="">cdr:license</code>, is actually in the SVG namespace, as
+ the "<code title="">xmlns:cdr</code>" attribute has no effect (unlike in XML). In fact, as the
+ comment in the fragment above says, the fragment is actually non-conforming. This is because the
+ SVG specification does not define any elements called "<code title="">cdr:license</code>" in the
+ SVG namespace.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p><a href=#normal-elements>Normal elements</a> can have <a href=#syntax-text title=syntax-text>text</a>, <a href=#syntax-charref title=syntax-charref>character references</a>, other <a href=#syntax-elements title=syntax-elements>elements</a>, and <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comments</a>, but
+ the text must not contain the character U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;) or an <a href=#syntax-ambiguous-ampersand title=syntax-ambiguous-ampersand>ambiguous ampersand</a>. Some <a href=#normal-elements>normal elements</a>
+ also have <a href=#element-restrictions>yet more restrictions</a> on what content they are
+ allowed to hold, beyond the restrictions imposed by the content model and those described in this
+ paragraph. Those restrictions are described below.</p>
+
+ <p>Tags contain a <dfn id=syntax-tag-name title=syntax-tag-name>tag name</dfn>, giving the element's name. HTML
+ elements all have names that only use <a href=#alphanumeric-ascii-characters>alphanumeric ASCII characters</a>. In the HTML
+ syntax, tag names, even those for <a href=#foreign-elements>foreign elements</a>, may be written with any mix of
+ lower- and uppercase letters that, when converted to all-lowercase, matches the element's tag
+ name; tag names are case-insensitive.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=start-tags><span class=secno>12.1.2.1 </span>Start tags</h5>
+
+ <p><dfn id=syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>Start tags</dfn> must have the following format:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>The first character of a start tag must be a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character (&lt;).</li>
+
+ <li>The next few characters of a start tag must be the element's <a href=#syntax-tag-name title=syntax-tag-name>tag name</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>If there are to be any attributes in the next step, there must first be one or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Then, the start tag may have a number of attributes, the <a href=#syntax-attributes title=syntax-attributes>syntax for which</a> is described below. Attributes must be
+ separated from each other by one or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space
+ characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>After the attributes, or after the <a href=#syntax-tag-name title=syntax-tag-name>tag name</a> if there are
+ no attributes, there may be one or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.
+ (Some attributes are required to be followed by a space. See the <a href=#syntax-attributes title=syntax-attributes>attributes section</a> below.)</li>
+
+ <li>Then, if the element is one of the <a href=#void-elements>void elements</a>, or if the element is a <a href=#foreign-elements title="foreign elements">foreign element</a>, then there may be a single U+002F SOLIDUS
+ character (/). This character has no effect on <a href=#void-elements>void elements</a>, but on <a href=#foreign-elements>foreign
+ elements</a> it marks the start tag as self-closing.</li>
+
+ <li>Finally, start tags must be closed by a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN character (&gt;).</li>
+
+ </ol><h5 id=end-tags><span class=secno>12.1.2.2 </span>End tags</h5>
+
+ <p><dfn id=syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>End tags</dfn> must have the following format:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>The first character of an end tag must be a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character (&lt;).</li>
+
+ <li>The second character of an end tag must be a U+002F SOLIDUS character (/).</li>
+
+ <li>The next few characters of an end tag must be the element's <a href=#syntax-tag-name title=syntax-tag-name>tag
+ name</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>After the tag name, there may be one or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space
+ characters</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>Finally, end tags must be closed by a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN character (&gt;).</li>
+
+ </ol><h5 id=attributes-0><span class=secno>12.1.2.3 </span>Attributes</h5>
+
+ <p><dfn id=syntax-attributes title=syntax-attributes>Attributes</dfn> for an element are expressed inside the
+ element's start tag.</p>
+
+ <p>Attributes have a name and a value. <dfn id=syntax-attribute-name title=syntax-attribute-name>Attribute names</dfn>
+ must consist of one or more characters other than the <a href=#space-character title="space character">space
+ characters</a>, U+0000 NULL, U+0022 QUOTATION MARK ("), U+0027 APOSTROPHE ('), U+003E
+ GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;), U+002F SOLIDUS (/), and U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=) characters, the <a href=#control-characters>control
+ characters</a>, and any characters that are not defined by Unicode. In the HTML syntax, attribute
+ names, even those for <a href=#foreign-elements>foreign elements</a>, may be written with any mix of lower- and
+ uppercase letters that are an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the attribute's
+ name.</p>
+
+ <p><dfn id=syntax-attribute-value title=syntax-attribute-value>Attribute values</dfn> are a mixture of <a href=#syntax-text title=syntax-text>text</a> and <a href=#syntax-charref title=syntax-charref>character references</a>,
+ except with the additional restriction that the text cannot contain an <a href=#syntax-ambiguous-ampersand title=syntax-ambiguous-ampersand>ambiguous ampersand</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Attributes can be specified in four different ways:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Empty attribute syntax</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Just the <a href=#syntax-attribute-name title=syntax-attribute-name>attribute name</a>. The value is implicitly
+ the empty string.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code> attribute is
+ given with the empty attribute syntax:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input <em>disabled</em>&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>If an attribute using the empty attribute syntax is to be followed by another attribute, then
+ there must be a <a href=#space-character>space character</a> separating the two.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt id=unquoted>Unquoted attribute value syntax</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#syntax-attribute-name title=syntax-attribute-name>attribute name</a>, followed by zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>, followed by a single U+003D EQUALS SIGN
+ character, followed by zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>,
+ followed by the <a href=#syntax-attribute-value title=syntax-attribute-value>attribute value</a>, which, in addition
+ to the requirements given above for attribute values, must not contain any literal <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>, any U+0022 QUOTATION MARK characters ("),
+ U+0027 APOSTROPHE characters ('), U+003D EQUALS SIGN characters (=), U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN
+ characters (&lt;), U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN characters (&gt;), or U+0060 GRAVE ACCENT characters
+ (`), and must not be the empty string.</p>
+
+ <!-- The ` character is in this list on a temporary basis, waiting for IE to fix its parsing bug
+ whereby it treats ` as an attribute value delimiter. Otherwise, escaping software that
+ tries to be clever and not use quotes when it doesn't need to could be tricked by an
+ attacker.
+
+ Posit a site that allows the user to input text that is used verbatim in two attributes,
+ such that the user can set the first attribute's value to:
+
+ `
+
+ ...and the second to:
+
+ ` onload='...payload...' end=x
+
+ ...with the assumption that the site is going to not quote the first one, and quote the
+ second one with double quotes:
+
+ <body title=` class="` onload='...payload...' end=x">
+
+ In IE, this is treated as:
+
+ <body title=' class="'
+ onload='...payload...'
+ end='x"'>
+
+ -->
+
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute is given
+ with the unquoted attribute value syntax:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input <em>value=yes</em>&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>If an attribute using the unquoted attribute syntax is to be followed by another attribute or
+ by the optional U+002F SOLIDUS character (/) allowed in step 6 of the <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> syntax above, then there must be a <a href=#space-character>space
+ character</a> separating the two.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Single-quoted attribute value syntax</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#syntax-attribute-name title=syntax-attribute-name>attribute name</a>, followed by zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>, followed by a single U+003D EQUALS SIGN
+ character, followed by zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>,
+ followed by a single U+0027 APOSTROPHE character ('), followed by the <a href=#syntax-attribute-value title=syntax-attribute-value>attribute value</a>, which, in addition to the requirements
+ given above for attribute values, must not contain any literal U+0027 APOSTROPHE characters ('),
+ and finally followed by a second single U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (').</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is given
+ with the single-quoted attribute value syntax:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input <em>type='checkbox'</em>&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>If an attribute using the single-quoted attribute syntax is to be followed by another
+ attribute, then there must be a <a href=#space-character>space character</a> separating the two.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Double-quoted attribute value syntax</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#syntax-attribute-name title=syntax-attribute-name>attribute name</a>, followed by zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>, followed by a single U+003D EQUALS SIGN
+ character, followed by zero or more <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>,
+ followed by a single U+0022 QUOTATION MARK character ("), followed by the <a href=#syntax-attribute-value title=syntax-attribute-value>attribute value</a>, which, in addition to the requirements
+ given above for attribute values, must not contain any literal U+0022 QUOTATION MARK characters
+ ("), and finally followed by a second single U+0022 QUOTATION MARK character (").</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute is given with
+ the double-quoted attribute value syntax:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;input <em>name="be evil"</em>&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>If an attribute using the double-quoted attribute syntax is to be followed by another
+ attribute, then there must be a <a href=#space-character>space character</a> separating the two.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>There must never be two or more attributes on the same start tag whose names are an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for each other.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When a <a href=#foreign-elements title="foreign elements">foreign element</a> has one of the namespaced
+ attributes given by the local name and namespace of the first and second cells of a row from the
+ following table, it must be written using the name given by the third cell from the same row.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Local name <th> Namespace <th> Attribute name
+ <tbody><tr><td> <code title="">actuate</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a> <td> <code title="">xlink:actuate</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">arcrole</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a> <td> <code title="">xlink:arcrole</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">href</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a> <td> <code title="">xlink:href</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">role</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a> <td> <code title="">xlink:role</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">show</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a> <td> <code title="">xlink:show</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">title</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a> <td> <code title="">xlink:title</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">type</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a> <td> <code title="">xlink:type</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">base</code> <td> <a href=#xml-namespace>XML namespace</a> <!-- attr-xml-base --> <td> <code title="">xml:base</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">lang</code> <td> <a href=#xml-namespace>XML namespace</a> <td> <code title="">xml:lang</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">space</code> <td> <a href=#xml-namespace>XML namespace</a> <td> <code title="">xml:space</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xmlns</code> <td> <a href=#xmlns-namespace>XMLNS namespace</a> <td> <code title="">xmlns</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xlink</code> <td> <a href=#xmlns-namespace>XMLNS namespace</a> <td> <code title="">xmlns:xlink</code>
+ </table><p>No other namespaced attribute can be expressed in <a href=#syntax>the HTML syntax</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Whether the attributes in the table above are conforming or not is defined by
+ other specifications (e.g. the SVG and MathML specifications); this section only describes the
+ syntax rules if the attributes are serialised using the HTML syntax.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=optional-tags><span class=secno>12.1.2.4 </span>Optional tags</h5>
+
+ <p>Certain tags can be <dfn id=syntax-tag-omission title=syntax-tag-omission>omitted</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Omitting an element's <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> in the
+ situations described below does not mean the element is not present; it is implied, but it is
+ still there. For example, an HTML document always has a root <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, even if
+ the string <code title="">&lt;html&gt;</code> doesn't appear anywhere in the markup.</p>
+
+ <!-- <html> -->
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> may be omitted
+ if the first thing inside the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element is not a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, in the following case it's ok to remove the "<code title="">&lt;html&gt;</code>"
+ tag:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+<strong>&lt;html&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Doing so would make the document look like this:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This has the exact same DOM. In particular, note that white space around the root element is
+ ignored by the parser. The following example would also have the exact same DOM:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;&lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>However, in the following example, removing the start tag moves the comment to before the
+ <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+ <strong>&lt;!-- where is this comment in the DOM? --&gt;</strong>
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>With the tag removed, the document actually turns into the same as this:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;!-- where is this comment in the DOM? --&gt;
+<small>&lt;html&gt;</small>
+ &lt;head&gt;
+ &lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;
+ &lt;/head&gt;
+ &lt;body&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This is why the tag can only be removed if it is not followed by a comment: removing the tag
+ when there is a comment there changes the document's resulting parse tree. Of course, if the
+ position of the comment does not matter, then the tag can be omitted, as if the comment had been
+ moved to before the start tag in the first place.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- </html> -->
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element is not immediately followed by a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- <head> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> may be omitted if
+ the element is empty, or if the first thing inside the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element is an
+ element.</p>
+
+ <!-- </head> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element is not immediately followed by a <a href=#space-character>space character</a> or a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- <body> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> may be omitted
+ if the element is empty, or if the first thing inside the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element is not a
+ <a href=#space-character>space character</a> or a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>, except if the
+ first thing inside the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element is a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element. <!-- Note that even if
+ the </head> end tag is present, the parser makes <style> and <script> elements between </head> and
+ <body> end up in the <head> instead of implying the <body> --></p>
+
+ <!-- </body> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element is not immediately followed by a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Note that in the example above, the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element start and end tags, and the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element start tag, can't be omitted, because they are surrounded by white
+ space:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;<strong>
+ </strong>&lt;head&gt;<strong>
+ </strong>&lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;<strong>
+ </strong>&lt;/head&gt;<strong>
+ </strong>&lt;body&gt;<strong>
+ </strong>&lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>(The <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element end tags could be omitted without
+ trouble; any spaces after those get parsed into the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element anyway.)</p>
+
+ <p>Usually, however, white space isn't an issue. If we first remove the white space we don't care
+ about:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt;&lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Then we can omit a number of tags without affecting the DOM:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;&lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;&lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>At that point, we can also add some white space back:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+&lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>This would be equivalent to this document, with the omitted tags shown in their
+ parser-implied positions; the only white space text node that results from this is the newline at
+ the end of the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;
+<small>&lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;</small>&lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;
+<small>&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt;</small>&lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.&lt;/p&gt;<small>&lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</small></pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- </li> -->
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element is immediately followed by another <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element or if there is
+ no more content in the parent element.</p>
+
+ <!-- </dt> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element is immediately followed by another <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element or a
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <!-- </dd> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element is immediately followed by another <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element or a
+ <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p>
+
+ <!-- </p> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element is immediately followed by an <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code>, element, or if there is no more content in the parent element and the parent
+ element is not an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>We can thus simplify the earlier example further:
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;&lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;&lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.<small>&lt;/p&gt;</small></pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <!-- </rt> -->
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element is immediately followed by an <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element,
+ or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p>
+
+ <!-- </rp> -->
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element is immediately followed by an <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element,
+ or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p>
+
+ <!-- </optgroup> (the text assumes <optgroup> can only be inside a <select>; commented out text
+ below can handle the non-<select> case if we ever allow it) -->
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted
+ if the <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element <!--has an ancestor <code>select</code> element and--> is
+ immediately followed by another <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element, or if <!--all of the elements that
+ are ancestors of the <code>optgroup</code> element, up to and including the first ancestor element
+ that is not an <code>optgroup</code> element, have no more content--> there is no more content in
+ the parent element.</p>
+ <!-- so e.g. the max number of </optgroup>s are omitted here:
+ <select><optgroup></select>
+ <p id=x><optgroup></optgroup>x</p>
+ <p id=x><optgroup><optgroup></optgroup></optgroup>x</p>
+ <p><optgroup id=x><optgroup></optgroup>x</p>
+ <p><optgroup><optgroup id=x>x</p>
+ -->
+
+ <!-- </option> -->
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element is immediately followed by another <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element, or
+ if it is immediately followed by an <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element, or if there is no more content
+ in the parent element.</p>
+
+ <!-- <colgroup> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> may be
+ omitted if the first thing inside the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element is a <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element,
+ and if the element is not immediately preceded by another <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element whose
+ <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> has been omitted. (It can't be omitted if the element
+ is empty.)</p>
+
+ <!-- </colgroup> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element is not immediately followed by a <a href=#space-character>space character</a> or
+ a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- </caption> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element is not immediately followed by a <a href=#space-character>space character</a> or
+ a <a href=#syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>comment</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- </thead> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element is immediately followed by a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <!-- <tbody> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> may be omitted
+ if the first thing inside the <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element is a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, and if the
+ element is not immediately preceded by a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element whose <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> has been omitted. (It
+ can't be omitted if the element is empty.)</p>
+
+ <!-- </tbody> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element is immediately followed by a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p>
+
+ <!-- </tfoot> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if
+ the <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element is immediately followed by a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element, or if
+ there is no more content in the parent element.</p>
+
+ <!-- </tr> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element is immediately followed by another <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, or if there is
+ no more content in the parent element.</p>
+
+ <!-- </td> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element is immediately followed by a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element,
+ or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p>
+
+ <!-- </th> -->
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element's <a href=#syntax-end-tag title=syntax-end-tag>end tag</a> may be omitted if the
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element is immediately followed by a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element,
+ or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The ability to omit all these table-related tags makes table markup much terser.</p>
+
+ <p>Take this example:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;caption&gt;37547 TEE Electric Powered Rail Car Train Functions (Abbreviated)&lt;/caption&gt;
+ &lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;Function&lt;/th&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;Control Unit&lt;/th&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;Central Station&lt;/th&gt;
+ &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;/thead&gt;
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Headlights&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Interior Lights&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Electric locomotive operating sounds&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Engineer's cab lighting&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Station Announcements - Swiss&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;&lt;/td&gt;
+ &lt;/tr&gt;
+ &lt;/tbody&gt;
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The exact same table, modulo some white space differences, could be marked up as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;caption&gt;37547 TEE Electric Powered Rail Car Train Functions (Abbreviated)
+ &lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th&gt;Function
+ &lt;th&gt;Control Unit
+ &lt;th&gt;Central Station
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Headlights
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Interior Lights
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Electric locomotive operating sounds
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Engineer's cab lighting
+ &lt;td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;Station Announcements - Swiss
+ &lt;td&gt;
+ &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Since the cells take up much less room this way, this can be made even terser by having each
+ row on one line:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;caption&gt;37547 TEE Electric Powered Rail Car Train Functions (Abbreviated)
+ &lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;&lt;col&gt;
+ &lt;thead&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;th&gt;Function &lt;th&gt;Control Unit &lt;th&gt;Central Station
+ &lt;tbody&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Headlights &lt;td&gt;&#x2714; &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Interior Lights &lt;td&gt;&#x2714; &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Electric locomotive operating sounds &lt;td&gt;&#x2714; &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Engineer's cab lighting &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+ &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;Station Announcements - Swiss &lt;td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&#x2714;
+&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The only differences between these tables, at the DOM level, is with the precise position of
+ the (in any case semantically-neutral) white space.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p><strong>However</strong>, a <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> must never be
+ omitted if it has any attributes.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Returning to the earlier example with all the white space removed and then all the optional
+ tags removed:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;&lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;&lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.</pre>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element in this example had to have a <code title=attr-class><a href=#classes>class</a></code> attribute and the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element had to have a <code title=attr-lang><a href=#attr-lang>lang</a></code> attribute, the markup would have to become:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;&lt;html lang="en"&gt;&lt;title&gt;Hello&lt;/title&gt;&lt;body class="demo"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Welcome to this example.</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p class=note>This section assumes that the document is conforming, in particular, that there
+ are no <a href=#content-models title="content models">content model</a> violations. Omitting tags in the fashion
+ described in this section in a document that does not conform to the <a href=#content-models>content models</a>
+ described in this specification is likely to result in unexpected DOM differences (this is, in
+ part, what the content models are designed to avoid).</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=element-restrictions><span class=secno>12.1.2.5 </span>Restrictions on content models</h5>
+
+ <p>For historical reasons, certain elements have extra restrictions beyond even the restrictions
+ given by their content model.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element must not contain <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements, even though these
+ elements are technically allowed inside <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements according to the content
+ models described in this specification. (If a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element is put inside a
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> in the markup, it will in fact imply a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> start tag before
+ it.)</p>
+
+ <p>A single <a href=#syntax-newlines title=syntax-newlines>newline</a> may be placed immediately after the <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> of <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements.
+ This does not affect the processing of the element. The otherwise optional <a href=#syntax-newlines title=syntax-newlines>newline</a> <em>must</em> be included if the element's contents
+ themselves start with a <a href=#syntax-newlines title=syntax-newlines>newline</a> (because otherwise the
+ leading newline in the contents would be treated like the optional newline, and ignored).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+ <p>The following two <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> blocks are equivalent:</p>
+ <pre>&lt;pre&gt;Hello&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>
+ <pre>&lt;pre&gt;<br>Hello&lt;/pre&gt;</pre>
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h5 id=cdata-rcdata-restrictions><span class=secno>12.1.2.6 </span>Restrictions on the contents of raw text and escapable raw text elements</h5>
+
+ <p>The text in <a href=#raw-text-elements title="raw text elements">raw text</a> and <a href=#escapable-raw-text-elements>escapable raw text
+ elements</a> must not contain any occurrences of the string "<code title="">&lt;/</code>"
+ (U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+002F SOLIDUS) followed by characters that case-insensitively match the
+ tag name of the element followed by one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab), U+000A LINE FEED
+ (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), U+0020 SPACE, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN
+ (&gt;), or U+002F SOLIDUS (/).</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=text-0><span class=secno>12.1.3 </span>Text</h4>
+
+ <p><dfn id=syntax-text title=syntax-text>Text</dfn> is allowed inside elements, attribute values, and comments.
+ Extra constraints are placed on what is and what is not allowed in text based on where the text is
+ to be put, as described in the other sections.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=newlines><span class=secno>12.1.3.1 </span>Newlines</h5>
+
+ <p><dfn id=syntax-newlines title=syntax-newlines>Newlines</dfn> in HTML may be represented either as U+000D
+ CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters, U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters, or pairs of U+000D CARRIAGE
+ RETURN (CR), U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters in that order.</p>
+
+ <p>Where <a href=#syntax-charref title=syntax-charref>character references</a> are allowed, a character
+ reference of a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character (but not a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) character)
+ also represents a <a href=#syntax-newlines title=syntax-newlines>newline</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=character-references><span class=secno>12.1.4 </span>Character references</h4>
+
+ <p>In certain cases described in other sections, <a href=#syntax-text title=syntax-text>text</a> may be
+ mixed with <dfn id=syntax-charref title=syntax-charref>character references</dfn>. These can be used to escape
+ characters that couldn't otherwise legally be included in <a href=#syntax-text title=syntax-text>text</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Character references must start with a U+0026 AMPERSAND character (&amp;). Following this,
+ there are three possible kinds of character references:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Named character references</dt>
+
+ <dd>The ampersand must be followed by one of the names given in the <a href=#named-character-references>named character
+ references</a> section, using the same case. <span class=impl>The name must be one that is
+ terminated by a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;).</span></dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Decimal numeric character reference</dt>
+
+ <dd>The ampersand must be followed by a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character (#), followed by one or more
+ <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, representing a base-ten integer that corresponds to a Unicode code
+ point that is allowed according to the definition below. The digits must then be followed by a
+ U+003B SEMICOLON character (;).</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Hexadecimal numeric character reference</dt>
+
+ <dd>The ampersand must be followed by a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character (#), which must be followed
+ by either a U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X character (x) or a U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X
+ character (X), which must then be followed by one or more <a href=#ascii-hex-digits>ASCII hex digits</a>,
+ representing a hexadecimal integer that corresponds to a Unicode code point that is allowed
+ according to the definition below. The digits must then be followed by a U+003B SEMICOLON
+ character (;).</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The numeric character reference forms described above are allowed to reference any Unicode code
+ point other than U+0000, U+000D, permanently undefined Unicode characters (noncharacters),
+ surrogates (U+D800&ndash;U+DFFF), and <a href=#control-characters>control characters</a> other than <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>An <dfn id=syntax-ambiguous-ampersand title=syntax-ambiguous-ampersand>ambiguous ampersand</dfn> is a U+0026 AMPERSAND
+ character (&amp;) that is followed by one or more <a href=#alphanumeric-ascii-characters>alphanumeric ASCII characters</a>,
+ followed by a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;), where these characters do not match any of the names
+ given in the <a href=#named-character-references>named character references</a> section.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=cdata-sections><span class=secno>12.1.5 </span>CDATA sections</h4>
+
+ <p><dfn id=syntax-cdata title=syntax-cdata>CDATA sections</dfn> must consist of the following components, in
+ this order:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>The string "<code title="">&lt;![CDATA[</code>".</li>
+
+ <li>Optionally, <a href=#syntax-text title=syntax-text>text</a>, with the additional restriction that the
+ text must not contain the string "<code title="">]]&gt;</code>".</li>
+
+ <li>The string "<code title="">]]&gt;</code>".</li>
+
+ </ol><div class=example>
+
+ <p>CDATA sections can only be used in foreign content (MathML or SVG). In this example, a CDATA
+ section is used to escape the contents of an <code>ms</code> element:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;You can add a string to a number, but this stringifies the number:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;math&gt;
+ &lt;ms&gt;&lt;![CDATA[x&lt;y]]&gt;&lt;/ms&gt;
+ &lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;
+ &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;
+ &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;
+ &lt;ms&gt;&lt;![CDATA[x&lt;y3]]&gt;&lt;/ms&gt;
+&lt;/math&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=comments><span class=secno>12.1.6 </span>Comments</h4>
+
+ <p><dfn id=syntax-comments title=syntax-comments>Comments</dfn> must start with the four character sequence U+003C
+ LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (<code title="">&lt;!--</code>). Following this sequence, the comment may have <a href=#syntax-text title=syntax-text>text</a>, with the additional restriction that the text must not start with
+ a single U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN character (&gt;), nor start with a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character
+ (-) followed by a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;) character, nor contain two consecutive U+002D
+ HYPHEN-MINUS characters (<code title="">--</code>), nor end with a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character
+ (-). Finally, the comment must be ended by the three character sequence U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS,
+ U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code title="">--&gt;</code>).</p>
+
+
+<!--HTMLPARSER-->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h3 id=parsing><span class=secno>12.2 </span>Parsing HTML documents</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section only applies to user agents, data mining tools, and conformance
+ checkers.</i></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The rules for parsing XML documents into DOM trees are covered by the next
+ section, entitled "<a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>The XHTML syntax</a>".</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must use the parsing rules described in this section to generate the DOM trees from
+ <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code> resources. Together, these rules define what is referred to as the
+ <dfn id=html-parser>HTML parser</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <div class=note>
+
+ <p>While the HTML syntax described in this specification bears a close resemblance to SGML and
+ XML, it is a separate language with its own parsing rules.</p>
+
+ <p>Some earlier versions of HTML (in particular from HTML2 to HTML4) were based on SGML and used
+ SGML parsing rules. However, few (if any) web browsers ever implemented true SGML parsing for
+ HTML documents; the only user agents to strictly handle HTML as an SGML application have
+ historically been validators. The resulting confusion &mdash; with validators claiming documents
+ to have one representation while widely deployed Web browsers interoperably implemented a
+ different representation &mdash; has wasted decades of productivity. This version of HTML thus
+ returns to a non-SGML basis.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors interested in using SGML tools in their authoring pipeline are encouraged to use XML
+ tools and the XML serialization of HTML.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>This specification defines the parsing rules for HTML documents, whether they are syntactically
+ correct or not. Certain points in the parsing algorithm are said to be <dfn id=parse-error title="parse
+ error">parse errors</dfn>. The error handling for parse errors is well-defined (that's the
+ processing rules described throughout this specification), but user agents, while parsing an HTML
+ document, may <a href=#abort-a-parser title="abort a parser">abort the parser</a> at the first <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a> that they encounter for which they do not wish to apply the rules described in this
+ specification.</p>
+
+ <p>Conformance checkers must report at least one parse error condition to the user if one or more
+ parse error conditions exist in the document and must not report parse error conditions if none
+ exist in the document. Conformance checkers may report more than one parse error condition if more
+ than one parse error condition exists in the document.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Parse errors are only errors with the <em>syntax</em> of HTML. In addition to
+ checking for parse errors, conformance checkers will also verify that the document obeys all the
+ other conformance requirements described in this specification.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of conformance checkers, if a resource is determined to be in <a href=#syntax>the HTML
+ syntax</a>, then it is an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>As stated <a href=#html-elements class=no-backref title="HTML elements">in the terminology
+ section</a>, references to <a href=#element-type title="element type">element types</a> that do not
+ explicitly specify a namespace always refer to elements in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>. For
+ example, if the spec talks about "a <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code> element", then that is an element with
+ the local name "<code title="">menuitem</code>", the namespace "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</code>", and the interface <code><a href=#htmlmenuitemelement>HTMLMenuItemElement</a></code>.
+ Where possible, references to such elements are hyperlinked to their definition.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=overview-of-the-parsing-model><span class=secno>12.2.1 </span>Overview of the parsing model</h4>
+
+ <p class=overview><object width=345 height=535 data=images/parsing-model-overview.svg><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/parsing-model-overview.png width=345 alt="" height=450></object></p>
+
+ <p>The input to the HTML parsing process consists of a stream of <a href=#unicode-code-point title="Unicode code
+ point">Unicode code points</a>, which is passed through a <a href=#tokenization>tokenization</a> stage
+ followed by a <a href=#tree-construction>tree construction</a> stage. The output is a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ object.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Implementations that <a href=#non-scripted>do not support scripting</a> do not
+ have to actually create a DOM <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, but the DOM tree in such cases is
+ still used as the model for the rest of the specification.</p>
+
+ <p>In the common case, the data handled by the tokenization stage comes from the network, but
+ <a href=#dynamic-markup-insertion title="dynamic markup insertion">it can also come from script</a> running in the user
+ agent, e.g. using the <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> API.</p>
+
+ <p id=nestedParsing>There is only one set of states for the tokenizer stage and the tree
+ construction stage, but the tree construction stage is reentrant, meaning that while the tree
+ construction stage is handling one token, the tokenizer might be resumed, causing further tokens
+ to be emitted and processed before the first token's processing is complete.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>In the following example, the tree construction stage will be called upon to handle a "p"
+ start tag token while handling the "script" end tag token:</p>
+
+ <pre>...
+&lt;script&gt;
+ document.write('&lt;p&gt;');
+&lt;/script&gt;
+...</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>To handle these cases, parsers have a <dfn id=script-nesting-level>script nesting level</dfn>, which must be initially
+ set to zero, and a <dfn id=parser-pause-flag>parser pause flag</dfn>, which must be initially set to false.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-input-byte-stream><span class=secno>12.2.2 </span>The <dfn>input byte stream</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>The stream of Unicode code points that comprises the input to the tokenization stage will be
+ initially seen by the user agent as a stream of bytes (typically coming over the network or from
+ the local file system). The bytes encode the actual characters according to a particular
+ <i>character encoding</i>, which the user agent uses to decode the bytes into characters.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For XML documents, the algorithm user agents are required to use to determine the
+ character encoding is given by the XML specification. This section does not apply to XML
+ documents. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Usually, the <a href=#encoding-sniffing-algorithm>encoding sniffing algorithm</a> defined below is used to determine the
+ character encoding.</p>
+
+ <p>Given a character encoding, the bytes in the <a href=#the-input-byte-stream>input byte stream</a> must be converted
+ to Unicode code points for the tokenizer's <a href=#input-stream>input stream</a>, as described by the rules
+ for that encoding's <a href=#decoder>decoder</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Bytes or sequences of bytes in the original byte stream that did not conform to
+ the Encoding standard (e.g. invalid UTF-8 byte sequences in a UTF-8 input byte stream) are errors
+ that conformance checkers are expected to report. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>Leading Byte Order Marks (BOMs) are not stripped by the decoder algorithms, they
+ are stripped by the algorithm below.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>The decoder algorithms describe how to handle invalid input; for security
+ reasons, it is imperative that those rules be followed precisely. Differences in how invalid byte
+ sequences are handled can result in, amongst other problems, script injection vulnerabilities
+ ("XSS").</p>
+
+ <p>When the HTML parser is decoding an input byte stream, it uses a character encoding and a <dfn id=concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</dfn>. The confidence is either <i>tentative</i>,
+ <i>certain</i>, or <i>irrelevant</i>. The encoding used, and whether the confidence in that
+ encoding is <i>tentative</i> or <i>certain</i>, is <a href=#meta-charset-during-parse>used
+ during the parsing</a> to determine whether to <a href=#change-the-encoding>change the encoding</a>. If no encoding is
+ necessary, e.g. because the parser is operating on a Unicode stream and doesn't have to use a
+ character encoding at all, then the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> is
+ <i>irrelevant</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Some algorithms feed the parser by directly adding characters to the <a href=#input-stream>input
+ stream</a> rather than adding bytes to the <a href=#the-input-byte-stream>input byte stream</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=parsing-with-a-known-character-encoding><span class=secno>12.2.2.1 </span>Parsing with a known character encoding</h5>
+
+ <p>When the HTML parser is to operate on an input byte stream that has <dfn id=a-known-definite-encoding>a known definite
+ encoding</dfn>, then the character encoding is that encoding and the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> is <i>certain</i>.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=determining-the-character-encoding><span class=secno>12.2.2.2 </span>Determining the character encoding</h5>
+
+ <p>In some cases, it might be impractical to unambiguously determine the encoding before parsing
+ the document. Because of this, this specification provides for a two-pass mechanism with an
+ optional pre-scan. Implementations are allowed, as described below, to apply a simplified parsing
+ algorithm to whatever bytes they have available before beginning to parse the document. Then, the
+ real parser is started, using a tentative encoding derived from this pre-parse and other
+ out-of-band metadata. If, while the document is being loaded, the user agent discovers a character
+ encoding declaration that conflicts with this information, then the parser can get reinvoked to
+ perform a parse of the document with the real encoding.</p>
+
+ <p id=documentEncoding>User agents must use the following algorithm, called the <dfn id=encoding-sniffing-algorithm>encoding
+ sniffing algorithm</dfn>, to determine the character encoding to use when decoding a document in
+ the first pass. This algorithm takes as input any out-of-band metadata available to the user agent
+ (e.g. the <a href=#content-type title=Content-Type>Content-Type metadata</a> of the document) and all the
+ bytes available so far, and returns a character encoding and a <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> that is either <i>tentative</i> or
+ <i>certain</i>.</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the user has explicitly instructed the user agent to override the document's character
+ encoding with a specific encoding, optionally return that encoding with the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> <i>certain</i> and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Typically, user agents remember such user requests across sessions, and in some
+ cases apply them to documents in <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>s as well.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The user agent may wait for more bytes of the resource to be available, either in this step
+ or at any later step in this algorithm. For instance, a user agent might wait 500ms or 1024
+ bytes, whichever came first. In general preparsing the source to find the encoding improves
+ performance, as it reduces the need to throw away the data structures used when parsing upon
+ finding the encoding information. However, if the user agent delays too long to obtain data to
+ determine the encoding, then the cost of the delay could outweigh any performance improvements
+ from the preparse.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The authoring conformance requirements for character encoding declarations limit
+ them to only appearing <a href=#charset1024>in the first 1024 bytes</a>. User agents are
+ therefore encouraged to use the prescan algorithm below (as invoked by these steps) on the first
+ 1024 bytes, but not to stall beyond that.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- Doing this step before honouring HTTP is important for supporting
+ http://kb.dsqq.cn/html/2012-09/16/node_193.htm
+ which is encoded as UTF-8 but is incorrectly labeled as
+ Content-Type: text/html; charset=GB2312
+ -->
+
+ <p>For each of the rows in the following table, starting with the first one and going down, if
+ there are as many or more bytes available than the number of bytes in the first column, and the
+ first bytes of the file match the bytes given in the first column, then return the encoding
+ given in the cell in the second column of that row, with the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> <i>certain</i>, and abort these steps:</p>
+
+ <!-- this table is present in several forms in this file; keep them in sync -->
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Bytes in Hexadecimal
+ <th>Encoding
+ <tbody><!-- nobody uses this
+ <tr>
+ <td>00 00 FE FF
+ <td>UTF-32BE
+ <tr>
+ <td>FF FE 00 00
+ <td>UTF-32LE
+--><tr><td>FE FF
+ <td>Big-endian UTF-16
+ <tr><td>FF FE
+ <td>Little-endian UTF-16
+ <tr><td>EF BB BF
+ <td>UTF-8
+<!-- nobody uses this
+ <tr>
+ <td>DD 73 66 73
+ <td>UTF-EBCDIC
+-->
+ </table><p class=note>This step looks for Unicode Byte Order Marks (BOMs).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>That this step happens before the next one honoring the HTTP
+ <code><a href=#content-type>Content-Type</a></code> header is a <a href=#willful-violation>willful violation</a> of the HTTP specification,
+ motivated by a desire to be maximally compatible with legacy content. <a href=#refsHTTP>[HTTP]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the transport layer specifies a character encoding, and it is supported, return that
+ encoding with the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> <i>certain</i>, and
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Optionally <a href=#prescan-a-byte-stream-to-determine-its-encoding title="prescan a byte stream to determine its encoding">prescan the byte
+ stream to determine its encoding</a>. The <var title="">end condition</var> is that the user
+ agent decides that scanning further bytes would not be efficient. User agents are encouraged to
+ only prescan the first 1024 bytes. User agents may decide that scanning <em>any</em> bytes is
+ not efficient, in which case these substeps are entirely skipped.</p>
+
+ <p>The aforementioned algorithm either aborts unsuccessfully or returns a character encoding. If
+ it returns a character encoding, then this algorithm must be aborted, returning the same
+ encoding, with <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> <i>tentative</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> for which this algorithm is being run is associated with a
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that is itself in a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">new document</var> be the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> with which the
+ <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> is associated.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">parent document</var> be the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <a href=#browsing-context-nested-through title="browsing context nested through">through which <var title="">new document</var> is
+ nested</a> (the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the <a href=#parent-browsing-context>parent browsing context</a> of
+ <var title="">new document</var>).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">parent document</var>'s <a href=#origin>origin</a> is not the <a href=#same-origin>same
+ origin</a> as <var title="">new document</var>'s <a href=#origin>origin</a>, then abort these
+ substeps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">parent document</var>'s <a href="#document's-character-encoding" title="document's character
+ encoding">character encoding</a> is not an <a href=#ascii-compatible-character-encoding>ASCII-compatible character encoding</a>,
+ then abort these substeps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">parent document</var>'s <a href="#document's-character-encoding" title="document's character
+ encoding">character encoding</a>, with the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> <i>tentative</i>, and abort the
+ <a href=#encoding-sniffing-algorithm>encoding sniffing algorithm</a>'s steps.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the user agent has information on the likely encoding for this page, e.g.
+ based on the encoding of the page when it was last visited, then return that encoding, with the
+ <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> <i>tentative</i>, and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>The user agent may attempt to autodetect the character encoding from applying frequency
+ analysis or other algorithms to the data stream. Such algorithms may use information about the
+ resource other than the resource's contents, including the address of the resource. If
+ autodetection succeeds in determining a character encoding, and that encoding is a supported
+ encoding, then return that encoding, with the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> <i>tentative</i>, and abort these steps.
+ <a href=#refsUNIVCHARDET>[UNIVCHARDET]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>The UTF-8 encoding has a highly detectable bit pattern. Documents that contain
+ bytes with values greater than 0x7F which match the UTF-8 pattern are very likely to be UTF-8,
+ while documents with byte sequences that do not match it are very likely not. User-agents are
+ therefore encouraged to search for this common encoding. <a href=#refsPPUTF8>[PPUTF8]</a> <a href=#refsUTF8DET>[UTF8DET]</a></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, return an implementation-defined or user-specified default character encoding,
+ with the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> <i>tentative</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>In controlled environments or in environments where the encoding of documents can be
+ prescribed (for example, for user agents intended for dedicated use in new networks), the
+ comprehensive <code title="">UTF-8</code> encoding is suggested.</p>
+
+ <p>In other environments, the default encoding is typically dependent on the user's locale (an
+ approximation of the languages, and thus often encodings, of the pages that the user is likely
+ to frequent). The following table gives suggested defaults based on the user's locale, for
+ compatibility with legacy content. Locales are identified by BCP 47 language tags. <a href=#refsBCP47>[BCP47]</a> <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <!-- based on three sources:
+ 1. mozilla 1.9.1 localizations: http://mxr.mozilla.org/l10n-mozilla1.9.1/find?string=global%2Fintl.properties&tree=l10n-mozilla1.9.1&hint= (though this data was apparently misinterpreted in some cases)
+ 2. windows vista encodings: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb896001
+ 3. chrome encodings: https://code.google.com/p/chromium/codesearch#search/&q=IDS_DEFAULT_ENCODING
+ several assumptions were made in this process; amongst them:
+ - ISO-8859-1 and Windows-1252 are the same (supported by encoding.spec.whatwg.org)
+ - ISO-8859-9 and Windows-1254 are the same (supported by encoding.spec.whatwg.org)
+ - Windows-31J and Shift_JIS are the same (supported by encoding.spec.whatwg.org)
+ - Windows-932 is close enough to Shift_JIS to be treated as equivalent (supported by wikipedia)
+ - Windows-936 is a basically a subset of GBK which is basically a subset of GB18030 (supported by wikipedia)
+ - Windows-950 is basically the same as Big5 (supported by wikipedia)
+ - Firefox's UTF-8 defaults are all bogus
+ -->
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th colspan=2>Locale language
+ <th>Suggested default encoding
+ <tbody><!-- af, Afrikaans, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed --><!-- am, Amharic, uses windows-1252: Firefox and Chrome agreed --><tr><td>ar
+ <td>Arabic
+ <td>windows-1256 <!-- Windows Vista and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- arn-CL, Mapudungun (Chile), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- az, Azeri, is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1254 -->
+
+ <!-- az-Cyrl-AZ, Azeri (Cyrillic, Azerbaijan), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1251 -->
+
+ <!-- ba-RU, Bashkir (Russia), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1251 -->
+ <!-- ba wasn't listed at all because none of the sources knew about it. However, further feedback has changed this: -->
+ <tr><td>ba
+ <td>Bashkir
+ <td>windows-1251 <!-- per https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=23089 -->
+
+ <!-- be, Belarusian, was not initially listed here because Windows Vista wanted windows-1251, Chrome wanted <none>, and Firefox wanted ISO-8859-5 -->
+ <!-- further feedback has changed this: -->
+ <tr><td>be
+ <td>Belarusian
+ <td>windows-1251 <!-- per https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=23089 -->
+
+ <!-- be-BY, Belarusian (Belarus), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1251 -->
+
+ <tr><td>bg
+ <td>Bulgarian
+ <td>windows-1251 <!-- Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- bn, Bengali, uses windows-1252: Firefox and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- br-FR, Breton (France), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- bs-Cyrl-BA, Bosnian (Cyrillic, Bosnia and Herzegovina), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1251 -->
+
+ <!-- bs-Latn-BA, Bosnian (Latin, Bosnia and Herzegovina), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1250 -->
+
+ <!-- ca, Catalan, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- co-FR, Corsican (France), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>cs
+ <td>Czech
+ <td>windows-1250 <!-- Windows Vista and Chrome agreed (but disagreed with Firefox, which reportedly agreed on Windows but thought the encoding should be ISO-8859-2 on Mac and Linux) -->
+
+ <!-- cy-GB, Welsh (United Kingdom), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- da, Danish, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- de, German, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- el, Greek, was not initially listed here because Windows Vista wanted windows-1253, Chrome wanted ISO-8859-7, and Firefox wanted ISO-8859-7 but looked liked it wanted windows-1252 -->
+ <!-- el-GR, Greek (Greece), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1253 -->
+ <!-- further feedback has changed this: -->
+ <tr><td>el
+ <td>Greek
+ <td>ISO-8859-7 <!-- per https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=23090 -->
+
+ <!-- en, English, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- es, Spanish, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>et
+ <td>Estonian
+ <td>windows-1257 <!-- Windows Vista and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- eu, Basque, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>fa
+ <td>Persian
+ <td>windows-1256 <!-- Windows Vista and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- fi, Finnish, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- fil, Filipino, uses windows-1252: Firefox and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- fo, Faroese, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- fr, French, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- fy-NL, Frisian (Netherlands), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- ga-IE, Irish (Ireland), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- gl, Galician, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- gsw-FR, Alsatian (France), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- gu, Gujarati, uses windows-1252: Firefox and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- ha-Latn-NG, Hausa (Latin, Nigeria), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>he
+ <td>Hebrew
+ <td>windows-1255 <!-- Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- hi, Hindi, uses windows-1252: Firefox and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>hr
+ <td>Croatian
+ <td>windows-1250 <!-- Windows Vista and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>hu
+ <td>Hungarian
+ <td>ISO-8859-2 <!-- Chrome and Firefox agreed (but disagreed with Windows Vista, which thought the encoding should be windows-1250) -->
+
+ <!-- hu-HU, Hungarian (Hungary), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1250 -->
+
+ <!-- id, Indonesian, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- ig-NG, Igbo (Nigeria), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- is, Icelandic, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- it, Italian, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- iu-Latn-CA, Inuktitut (Latin, Canada), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>ja
+ <td>Japanese
+ <td>Shift_JIS <!-- Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- kk, Kazakh, was not initially listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1251 -->
+ <!-- further feedback has changed this: -->
+ <tr><td>kk
+ <td>Kazakh
+ <td>windows-1251 <!-- per https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=23089 -->
+
+ <!-- kl-GL, Greenlandic (Greenland), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- kn, Kannada, uses windows-1252: Firefox and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>ko
+ <td>Korean
+ <td>euc-kr <!-- Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>ku
+ <td>Kurdish
+ <td>windows-1254 <!-- Best guess -->
+
+ <!-- ky, Kyrgyz, was not initially listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1251 -->
+ <!-- further feedback has changed this: -->
+ <tr><td>ky
+ <td>Kyrgyz
+ <td>windows-1251 <!-- per https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=23089 -->
+
+ <!-- lb-LU, Luxembourgish (Luxembourg), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>lt
+ <td>Lithuanian
+ <td>windows-1257 <!-- Windows Vista, Chrome, and Windows Firefox agreed; Linux and Mac Firefox reportedly disagreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>lv
+ <td>Latvian
+ <td>windows-1257 <!-- Windows Vista and Chrome agreed (but disagreed with Firefox, which thought the encoding should be ISO-8859-13) -->
+
+ <!-- mk, Macedonian, was not initially listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1251 -->
+ <!-- further feedback has changed this: -->
+ <tr><td>mk
+ <td>Macedonian
+ <td>windows-1251 <!-- per https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=23089 -->
+
+ <!-- ml, Malayalam, uses windows-1252: Firefox and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- mn, Mongolian, is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1251 -->
+
+ <!-- moh-CA, Mohawk (Mohawk), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- mr, Marathi, uses windows-1252: Firefox and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- ms, Malay, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- nb, Norwegian Bokm&aring;l, uses windows-1252: Firefox and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- nl, Dutch, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- nn-NO, Norwegian, Nynorsk (Norway), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- no, Norwegian, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- nso-ZA, Sesotho sa Leboa (South Africa), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- oc-FR, Occitan (France), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>pl
+ <td>Polish
+ <td>ISO-8859-2 <!-- Chrome and Firefox agreed (but disagreed with Windows Vista, which thought the encoding should be windows-1250) -->
+
+ <!-- pl-PL, Polish (Poland), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1250 -->
+
+ <!-- prs-AF, Dari (Afghanistan), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1256 -->
+
+ <!-- pt, Portuguese, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- qut-GT, K'iche (Guatemala), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- quz-BO, Quechua (Bolivia), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- quz-EC, Quechua (Ecuador), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- quz-PE, Quechua (Peru), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- rm-CH, Romansh (Switzerland), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- ro, Romanian, is not listed here because Windows Vista wanted windows-1250, Chrome wanted ISO-8859-2, and Firefox wanted <none> -->
+
+ <!-- ro-RO, Romanian (Romania), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1250 -->
+
+ <tr><td>ru
+ <td>Russian
+ <td>windows-1251 <!-- Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- rw-RW, Kinyarwanda (Rwanda), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- sah-RU, Yakut (Russia), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1251 -->
+ <!-- sah wasn't listed at all because none of the sources knew about it. However, further feedback has changed this: -->
+ <tr><td>sah
+ <td>Yakut
+ <td>windows-1251 <!-- per https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=23089 -->
+
+ <!-- se-FI, Sami, Northern (Finland), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- se-NO, Sami, Northern (Norway), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- se-SE, Sami, Northern (Sweden), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>sk
+ <td>Slovak
+ <td>windows-1250 <!-- Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>sl
+ <td>Slovenian
+ <td>ISO-8859-2 <!-- Chrome and Firefox agreed (but disagreed with Windows Vista, which thought the encoding should be windows-1250) -->
+
+ <!-- sl-SI, Slovenian (Slovenia), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1250 -->
+
+ <!-- sma-NO, Sami, Southern (Norway), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- sma-SE, Sami, Southern (Sweden), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- smj-NO, Sami, Lule (Norway), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- smj-SE, Sami, Lule (Sweden), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- smn-FI, Sami, Inari (Finland), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- sms-FI, Sami, Skolt (Finland), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- sq, Albanian, is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1250 -->
+
+ <tr><td>sr
+ <td>Serbian
+ <td>windows-1251 <!-- Windows Vista and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- sr-Latn-BA, Serbian (Latin, Bosnia and Herzegovina), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1250 -->
+
+ <!-- sr-Latn-SP, Serbian (Latin, Serbia), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1250 -->
+
+ <!-- sv, Swedish, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- sw, Kiswahili, uses windows-1252: Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- ta, Tamil, uses windows-1252: Firefox and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- te, Telugu, uses windows-1252: Firefox and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- tg-Cyrl-TJ, Tajik (Cyrillic, Tajikistan), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1251 -->
+ <!-- tg wasn't listed at all because none of the sources knew about it. However, further feedback has changed this: -->
+ <tr><td>tg
+ <td>Tajik
+ <td>windows-1251 <!-- per https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=23089 -->
+
+ <tr><td>th
+ <td>Thai
+ <td>windows-874 <!-- Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agree (though Firefox didn't always) -->
+
+ <!-- tk-TM, Turkmen (Turkmenistan), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1250 -->
+
+ <!-- tn-ZA, Setswana (South Africa), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>tr
+ <td>Turkish
+ <td>windows-1254 <!-- Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- tt, Tatar, was not initially listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1251 -->
+ <!-- further feedback has changed this: -->
+ <tr><td>tt
+ <td>Tatar
+ <td>windows-1251 <!-- per https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=23089 -->
+
+ <!-- tzm-Latn-DZ, Tamazight (Latin, Algeria), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- ug-CN, Uighur (PRC), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1256 -->
+
+ <tr><td>uk
+ <td>Ukrainian
+ <td>windows-1251 <!-- Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- ur, Urdu, is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1256 -->
+
+ <!-- uz, Uzbek, is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1254 -->
+
+ <!-- uz-Cyrl-UZ, Uzbek (Cyrillic, Uzbekistan), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted windows-1251 -->
+
+ <tr><td>vi
+ <td>Vietnamese
+ <td>windows-1258 <!-- Windows Vista and Chrome agreed -->
+
+ <!-- wee-DE, Lower Sorbian (Germany), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- wen-DE, Upper Sorbian (Germany), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- wo-SN, Wolof (Senegal), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- xh-ZA, isiXhosa (South Africa), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- yo-NG, Yoruba (Nigeria), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td>zh-CN
+ <td>Chinese (People's Republic of China)
+ <td>GB18030 <!-- Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <!-- zh-HK, Chinese (Hong Kong S.A.R.), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted Big5 -->
+
+ <!-- zh-Hans, Chinese (Simplified), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted GB18030 -->
+
+ <!-- zh-Hant, Chinese (Traditional), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted Big5 -->
+
+ <!-- zh-MO, Chinese (Macao S.A.R.), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted Big5 -->
+
+ <!-- zh-SG, Chinese (Singapore), is not listed here because neither Chrome nor Firefox knew about it. For what it's worth, Windows Vista wanted GB18030 -->
+
+ <tr><td>zh-TW
+ <td>Chinese (Taiwan)
+ <td>Big5 <!-- Windows Vista, Chrome, and Firefox agreed (though Firefox didn't always) -->
+
+ <!-- zu-ZA, isiZulu (South Africa), uses windows-1252: Windows Vista and Firefox agreed -->
+
+ <tr><td colspan=2>All other locales
+ <td>windows-1252
+
+ </table><p class=tablenote><small>The contents of this table are derived from the intersection of
+ Windows, Chrome, and Firefox defaults.</small></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a> must immediately be set to the value returned
+ from this algorithm, at the same time as the user agent uses the returned value to select the
+ decoder to use for the input byte stream.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When an algorithm requires a user agent to <dfn id=prescan-a-byte-stream-to-determine-its-encoding>prescan a byte stream to determine its
+ encoding</dfn>, given some defined <var title="">end condition</var>, then it must run the
+ following steps. These steps either abort unsuccessfully or return a character encoding. If at any
+ point during these steps (including during instances of the <a href=#concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing title=concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing>get an attribute</a> algorithm invoked by this
+ one) the user agent either runs out of bytes (meaning the <var title="">position</var> pointer
+ created in the first step below goes beyond the end of the byte stream obtained so far) or reaches
+ its <var title="">end condition</var>, then abort the <a href=#prescan-a-byte-stream-to-determine-its-encoding>prescan a byte stream to determine its
+ encoding</a> algorithm unsuccessfully.</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer to a byte in the input byte stream, initially
+ pointing at the first byte.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">position</var> points to:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C 0x21 0x2D 0x2D (ASCII '&lt;!--')</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Advance the <var title="">position</var> pointer so that it points at the first 0x3E byte
+ which is preceded by two 0x2D bytes (i.e. at the end of an ASCII '--&gt;' sequence) and comes
+ after the 0x3C byte that was found. (The two 0x2D bytes can be the same as the those in the
+ '&lt;!--' sequence.)</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C, 0x4D or 0x6D, 0x45 or 0x65, 0x54 or 0x74, 0x41 or 0x61, and one of 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x20, 0x2F (case-insensitive ASCII '&lt;meta' followed by a space or slash)</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Advance the <var title="">position</var> pointer so that it points at the next 0x09,
+ 0x0A, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x20, or 0x2F byte (the one in sequence of characters matched
+ above).</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">attribute list</var> be an empty list of strings.</li> <!-- so
+ long as we only care about http-equiv, content, and charset, this can be a 3-bit bitfield -->
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">got pragma</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">need pragma</var> be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">charset</var> be the null value (which, for the purposes of this
+ algorithm, is distinct from an unrecognised encoding or the empty string).</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Attributes</i>: <a href=#concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing title=concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing>Get an
+ attribute</a> and its value. If no attribute was sniffed, then jump to the
+ <i>processing</i> step below.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the attribute's name is already in <var title="">attribute list</var>, then return
+ to the step labeled <i>attributes</i>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Add the attribute's name to <var title="">attribute list</var>.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Run the appropriate step from the following list, if one applies:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the attribute's name is "<code title="">http-equiv</code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>If the attribute's value is "<code title="">content-type</code>", then set <var title="">got pragma</var> to true.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the attribute's name is "<code title="">content</code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Apply the <a href=#algorithm-for-extracting-a-character-encoding-from-a-meta-element>algorithm for extracting a character encoding from a
+ <code>meta</code> element</a>, giving the attribute's value as the string to parse. If a
+ character encoding is returned, and if <var title="">charset</var> is still set to null,
+ let <var title="">charset</var> be the encoding returned, and set <var title="">need
+ pragma</var> to true.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If the attribute's name is "<code title="">charset</code>"</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>Let <var title="">charset</var> be the result of <a href=#getting-an-encoding>getting an encoding</a>
+ from the attribute's value, and set <var title="">need pragma</var> to false.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the step labeled <i>attributes</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Processing</i>: If <var title="">need pragma</var> is null, then jump to the step
+ below labeled <i>next byte</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">need pragma</var> is true but <var title="">got pragma</var> is
+ false, then jump to the step below labeled <i>next byte</i>.</li>
+
+ <!-- the next two steps are redundant with steps in the 'change the encoding' algorithm -->
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">charset</var> is <a href=#a-utf-16-encoding>a UTF-16 encoding</a>, change the value of
+ <var title="">charset</var> to UTF-8.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">charset</var> is the x-user-defined encoding, change the value of
+ <var title="">charset</var> to Windows-1252. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">charset</var> is not a supported character encoding, then jump to the
+ step below labeled <i>next byte</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Abort the <a href=#prescan-a-byte-stream-to-determine-its-encoding>prescan a byte stream to determine its encoding</a> algorithm,
+ returning the encoding given by <var title="">charset</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with a 0x3C byte (ASCII &lt;), optionally a 0x2F byte (ASCII /), and finally a byte in the range 0x41-0x5A or 0x61-0x7A (an ASCII letter)</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Advance the <var title="">position</var> pointer so that it points at the next 0x09
+ (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII LF), 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), 0x20 (ASCII space), or 0x3E
+ (ASCII &gt;) byte.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Repeatedly <a href=#concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing title=concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing>get an attribute</a>
+ until no further attributes can be found, then jump to the step below labeled <i>next
+ byte</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C 0x21 (ASCII '&lt;!')</dt>
+ <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C 0x2F (ASCII '&lt;/')</dt>
+ <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C 0x3F (ASCII '&lt;?')</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Advance the <var title="">position</var> pointer so that it points at the first 0x3E byte
+ (ASCII &gt;) that comes after the 0x3C byte that was found.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other byte</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Do nothing with that byte.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><i>Next byte</i>: Move <var title="">position</var> so it points at the next byte in the
+ input byte stream, and return to the step above labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the <a href=#prescan-a-byte-stream-to-determine-its-encoding>prescan a byte stream to determine its encoding</a> algorithm says to <dfn id=concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing title=concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing>get an attribute</dfn>, it means doing this:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is one of 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII LF),
+ 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), 0x20 (ASCII space), or 0x2F (ASCII /) then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and redo this step.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is 0x3E (ASCII &gt;), then abort the <a href=#concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing title=concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing>get an attribute</a> algorithm. There isn't
+ one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, the byte at <var title="">position</var> is the start of the attribute name.
+ Let <var title="">attribute name</var> and <var title="">attribute value</var> be the empty
+ string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Process the byte at <var title="">position</var> as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If it is 0x3D (ASCII =), and the <var title="">attribute name</var> is longer than the
+ empty string</dt>
+
+ <dd>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and jump to the step below labeled
+ <i>value</i>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If it is 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII LF), 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), or 0x20
+ (ASCII space)</dt>
+
+ <dd>Jump to the step below labeled <i>spaces</i>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If it is 0x2F (ASCII /) or 0x3E (ASCII &gt;)</dt>
+
+ <dd>Abort the <a href=#concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing title=concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing>get an attribute</a>
+ algorithm. The attribute's name is the value of <var title="">attribute name</var>, its value
+ is the empty string.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If it is in the range 0x41 (ASCII A) to 0x5A (ASCII Z)</dt>
+
+ <dd>Append the Unicode character with code point <span title=""><var title="">b</var>+0x20</span> to <var title="">attribute name</var> (where <var title="">b</var>
+ is the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>). (This converts the input to
+ lowercase.)</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+
+ <dd>Append the Unicode character with the same code point as the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var> to <var title="">attribute name</var>. (It doesn't actually matter how
+ bytes outside the ASCII range are handled here, since only ASCII characters can contribute to
+ the detection of a character encoding.)</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and return to the previous
+ step.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Spaces</i>: If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is one of 0x09 (ASCII TAB),
+ 0x0A (ASCII LF), 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), or 0x20 (ASCII space) then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte, then, repeat this step.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is <em>not</em> 0x3D (ASCII =), abort the
+ <a href=#concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing title=concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing>get an attribute</a> algorithm. The
+ attribute's name is the value of <var title="">attribute name</var>, its value is the empty
+ string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> past the 0x3D (ASCII =) byte.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Value</i>: If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is one of 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A
+ (ASCII LF), 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), or 0x20 (ASCII space) then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte, then, repeat this step.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Process the byte at <var title="">position</var> as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If it is 0x22 (ASCII ") or 0x27 (ASCII ')</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li>Let <var title="">b</var> be the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><i>Quote loop</i>: Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte.</li>
+
+ <li>If the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var> is the value of <var title="">b</var>, then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and abort the
+ "get an attribute" algorithm. The attribute's name is the value of <var title="">attribute
+ name</var>, and its value is the value of <var title="">attribute value</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, if the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var> is in the range 0x41
+ (ASCII A) to 0x5A (ASCII Z), then append a Unicode character to <var title="">attribute
+ value</var> whose code point is 0x20 more than the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>Otherwise, append a Unicode character to <var title="">attribute value</var> whose code
+ point is the same as the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>.</li>
+
+ <li>Return to the step above labeled <i>quote loop</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>If it is 0x3E (ASCII &gt;)</dt>
+
+ <dd>Abort the <a href=#concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing title=concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing>get an attribute</a>
+ algorithm. The attribute's name is the value of <var title="">attribute name</var>, its value
+ is the empty string.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If it is in the range 0x41 (ASCII A) to 0x5A (ASCII Z)</dt>
+
+ <dd>Append the Unicode character with code point <span title=""><var title="">b</var>+0x20</span> to <var title="">attribute value</var> (where <var title="">b</var> is the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>). Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+
+ <dd>Append the Unicode character with the same code point as the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var> to <var title="">attribute value</var>. Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Process the byte at <var title="">position</var> as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If it is 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII LF), 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), 0x20 (ASCII
+ space), or 0x3E (ASCII &gt;)</dt>
+
+ <dd>Abort the <a href=#concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing title=concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing>get an attribute</a>
+ algorithm. The attribute's name is the value of <var title="">attribute name</var> and its
+ value is the value of <var title="">attribute value</var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>If it is in the range 0x41 (ASCII A) to 0x5A (ASCII Z)</dt>
+
+ <dd>Append the Unicode character with code point <span title=""><var title="">b</var>+0x20</span> to <var title="">attribute value</var> (where <var title="">b</var> is the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>).</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+
+ <dd>Append the Unicode character with the same code point as the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var> to <var title="">attribute value</var>.</dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and return to the previous
+ step.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>For the sake of interoperability, user agents should not use a pre-scan algorithm that returns
+ different results than the one described above. (But, if you do, please at least let us know, so
+ that we can improve this algorithm and benefit everyone...)</p>
+
+<!--(removed this since the specs are being changed)
+ <p class="note">These algorithms are a <span>willful violation</span> of the HTTP specification,
+ which requires that the encoding be assumed to be ISO-8859-1 in the absence of a <span>character
+ encoding declaration</span> to the contrary, and of RFC 2046, which requires that the encoding be
+ assumed to be US-ASCII in the absence of a <span>character encoding declaration</span> to the
+ contrary. This specification's third approach is motivated by a desire to be maximally compatible
+ with legacy content. <a href="#refsHTTP">[HTTP]</a> <a href="#refsRFC2046">[RFC2046]</a></p>
+-->
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=character-encodings><span class=secno>12.2.2.3 </span>Character encodings</h5>
+
+ <p>User agents must support the encodings defined in the WHATWG Encoding standard. User agents
+ should not support other encodings.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents must not support the CESU-8, UTF-7, BOCU-1 and SCSU encodings. <a href=#refsCESU8>[CESU8]</a> <a href=#refsUTF7>[UTF7]</a> <a href=#refsBOCU1>[BOCU1]</a> <a href=#refsSCSU>[SCSU]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Support for encodings based on EBCDIC is especially discouraged. This encoding is rarely used
+ for publicly-facing Web content. Support for UTF-32 is also especially discouraged. This encoding
+ is rarely used, and frequently implemented incorrectly.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This specification does not make any attempt to support EBCDIC-based encodings and
+ UTF-32 in its algorithms; support and use of these encodings can thus lead to unexpected behavior
+ in implementations of this specification.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=changing-the-encoding-while-parsing><span class=secno>12.2.2.4 </span>Changing the encoding while parsing</h5>
+
+ <p>When the parser requires the user agent to <dfn id=change-the-encoding>change the encoding</dfn>, it must run the
+ following steps. This might happen if the <a href=#encoding-sniffing-algorithm>encoding sniffing algorithm</a> described above
+ failed to find a character encoding, or if it found a character encoding that was not the actual
+ encoding of the file.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the encoding that is already being used to interpret the input stream is <a href=#a-utf-16-encoding>a UTF-16
+ encoding</a>, then set the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> to
+ <i>certain</i> and abort these steps. The new encoding is ignored; if it was anything but the
+ same encoding, then it would be clearly incorrect.</li>
+
+ <!-- the next two steps are redundant with similar logic in the sniffer -->
+ <!-- if you add anything else here, then factor it out into a common algorithm -->
+
+ <li><p>If the new encoding is <a href=#a-utf-16-encoding>a UTF-16 encoding</a>, change it to UTF-8.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the new encoding is the x-user-defined encoding, change it to Windows-1252. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></li> <!-- apparently this was a Chrome invention, later
+ picked up by Mozilla -->
+
+ <li><p>If the new encoding is identical or equivalent to the encoding that is already being used
+ to interpret the input stream, then set the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> to <i>certain</i> and abort these steps.
+ This happens when the encoding information found in the file matches what the <a href=#encoding-sniffing-algorithm>encoding
+ sniffing algorithm</a> determined to be the encoding, and in the second pass through the
+ parser if the first pass found that the encoding sniffing algorithm described in the earlier
+ section failed to find the right encoding.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If all the bytes up to the last byte converted by the current decoder have the same
+ Unicode interpretations in both the current encoding and the new encoding, and if the user agent
+ supports changing the converter on the fly, then the user agent may change to the new converter
+ for the encoding on the fly. Set the <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a> and the encoding
+ used to convert the input stream to the new encoding, set the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> to <i>certain</i>, and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, <a href=#navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV reparse--> to the document again, with
+ <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>, and using the same <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>, but
+ this time skip the <a href=#encoding-sniffing-algorithm>encoding sniffing algorithm</a> and instead just set the encoding to
+ the new encoding and the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> to
+ <i>certain</i>. Whenever possible, this should be done without actually contacting the network
+ layer (the bytes should be re-parsed from memory), even if, e.g., the document is marked as not
+ being cacheable. If this is not possible and contacting the network layer would involve repeating
+ a request that uses a method other than HTTP GET (<a href=#concept-http-equivalent-get title=concept-http-equivalent-get>or
+ equivalent</a> for non-HTTP URLs), then instead set the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> to <i>certain</i> and ignore the new
+ encoding. The resource will be misinterpreted. User agents may notify the user of the situation,
+ to aid in application development.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This algorithm is only invoked when a new encoding is found declared on a
+ <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element.</p> <!-- this is important for the x-user-defined stuff in particular
+ -->
+
+
+ <h5 id=preprocessing-the-input-stream><span class=secno>12.2.2.5 </span>Preprocessing the input stream</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=input-stream>input stream</dfn> consists of the characters pushed into it as the <a href=#the-input-byte-stream>input byte
+ stream</a> is decoded or from the various APIs that directly manipulate the input stream.</p>
+
+ <p>One leading U+FEFF BYTE ORDER MARK character must be ignored if any are present in the
+ <a href=#input-stream>input stream</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The requirement to strip a U+FEFF BYTE ORDER MARK character regardless of whether
+ that character was used to determine the byte order is a <a href=#willful-violation>willful violation</a> of
+ Unicode, motivated by a desire to increase the resilience of user agents in the face of na&iuml;ve
+ transcoders.</p>
+
+ <p>Any occurrences of any characters in the ranges U+0001 to U+0008, <!-- HT, LF allowed --> <!--
+ U+000B is in the next list --> <!-- FF, CR allowed --> U+000E to U+001F, <!-- ASCII allowed -->
+ U+007F <!--to U+0084, (U+0085 NEL not allowed), U+0086--> to U+009F, U+FDD0 to U+FDEF, and
+ characters U+000B, U+FFFE, U+FFFF, U+1FFFE, U+1FFFF, U+2FFFE, U+2FFFF, U+3FFFE, U+3FFFF, U+4FFFE,
+ U+4FFFF, U+5FFFE, U+5FFFF, U+6FFFE, U+6FFFF, U+7FFFE, U+7FFFF, U+8FFFE, U+8FFFF, U+9FFFE, U+9FFFF,
+ U+AFFFE, U+AFFFF, U+BFFFE, U+BFFFF, U+CFFFE, U+CFFFF, U+DFFFE, U+DFFFF, U+EFFFE, U+EFFFF, U+FFFFE,
+ U+FFFFF, U+10FFFE, and U+10FFFF are <a href=#parse-error title="parse error">parse errors</a>. These are all
+ <a href=#control-characters>control characters</a> or permanently undefined Unicode characters (noncharacters).</p>
+
+ <p>Any <a href=#character>character</a> that is a not a <a href=#unicode-character>Unicode character</a>, i.e. any isolated
+ surrogate, is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>. (These can only find their way into the input stream via
+ script APIs such as <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code>.)</p>
+
+ <p>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters and U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters are treated
+ specially. All CR characters must be converted to LF characters, and any LF characters that
+ immediately follow a CR character must be ignored. Thus, newlines in HTML DOMs are represented by
+ LF characters, and there are never any CR characters in the input to the <a href=#tokenization>tokenization</a>
+ stage.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=next-input-character>next input character</dfn> is the first character in the <a href=#input-stream>input stream</a>
+ that has not yet been <dfn id=consumed>consumed</dfn> or explicitly ignored by the requirements in this
+ section. Initially, the <i><a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a></i> is the first character in the input. The
+ <dfn id=current-input-character>current input character</dfn> is the last character to have been <i><a href=#consumed>consumed</a></i>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=insertion-point>insertion point</dfn> is the position (just before a character or just before the end
+ of the input stream) where content inserted using <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> is actually inserted. The insertion point is
+ relative to the position of the character immediately after it, it is not an absolute offset into
+ the input stream. Initially, the insertion point is undefined.</p>
+
+ <p>The "EOF" character in the tables below is a conceptual character representing the end of the
+ <a href=#input-stream>input stream</a>. If the parser is a <a href=#script-created-parser>script-created parser</a>, then the end of
+ the <a href=#input-stream>input stream</a> is reached when an <dfn id=explicit-eof-character>explicit "EOF" character</dfn> (inserted by
+ the <code title=dom-document-close><a href=#dom-document-close>document.close()</a></code> method) is consumed. Otherwise, the
+ "EOF" character is not a real character in the stream, but rather the lack of any further
+ characters.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The handling of U+0000 NULL characters varies based on where the characters are
+ found. In general, they are ignored except where doing so could plausibly introduce an attack
+ vector. This handling is, by necessity, spread across both the tokenization stage and the tree
+ construction stage.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=parse-state><span class=secno>12.2.3 </span>Parse state</h4>
+
+ <h5 id=the-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.3.1 </span>The insertion mode</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=insertion-mode>insertion mode</dfn> is a state variable that controls the primary operation of the
+ tree construction stage.</p>
+
+ <p>Initially, the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> is "<a href=#the-initial-insertion-mode title="insertion mode:
+ initial">initial</a>". It can change to "<a href=#the-before-html-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: before html">before
+ html</a>", "<a href=#the-before-head-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: before head">before head</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-inheadnoscript title="insertion mode: in head
+ noscript">in head noscript</a>", "<a href=#the-after-head-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: after head">after head</a>",
+ "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-incdata title="insertion mode:
+ text">text</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-intabletext title="insertion mode: in table text">in table text</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-incaption title="insertion mode: in
+ caption">in caption</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-incolgroup title="insertion mode: in column group">in column
+ group</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-intr title="insertion mode: in row">in row</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-intd title="insertion mode: in cell">in
+ cell</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-inselect title="insertion mode: in select">in select</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-inselectintable title="insertion
+ mode: in select in table">in select in table</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-intemplate title="insertion mode: in
+ template">in template</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-afterbody title="insertion mode: after body">after body</a>",
+ "<a href=#parsing-main-inframeset title="insertion mode: in frameset">in frameset</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-afterframeset title="insertion mode:
+ after frameset">after frameset</a>", "<a href=#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: after after body">after
+ after body</a>", and "<a href=#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: after after frameset">after after
+ frameset</a>" during the course of the parsing, as described in the <a href=#tree-construction>tree
+ construction</a> stage. The insertion mode affects how tokens are processed and whether CDATA
+ sections are supported.</p>
+
+ <p>Several of these modes, namely "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in
+ table</a>", and "<a href=#parsing-main-inselect title="insertion mode: in select">in select</a>", are special, in
+ that the other modes defer to them at various times. When the algorithm below says that the user
+ agent is to do something "<dfn id=using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</dfn> the <var title="">m</var> insertion
+ mode", where <var title="">m</var> is one of these modes, the user agent must use the rules
+ described under the <var title="">m</var> <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>'s section, but must leave
+ the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> unchanged unless the rules in <var title="">m</var> themselves
+ switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to a new value.</p>
+
+ <p>When the insertion mode is switched to "<a href=#parsing-main-incdata title="insertion mode: text">text</a>" or
+ "<a href=#parsing-main-intabletext title="insertion mode: in table text">in table text</a>", the <dfn id=original-insertion-mode>original insertion
+ mode</dfn> is also set. This is the insertion mode to which the tree construction stage will
+ return.</p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, to parse nested <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> elements, a <dfn id=stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template insertion
+ modes</dfn> is used. It is initially empty. The <dfn id=current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion mode</dfn> is the
+ insertion mode that was most recently added to the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template insertion modes</a>.
+ The algorithms in the sections below will <i>push</i> insertion modes onto this stack, meaning
+ that the specified insertion mode is to be added to the stack, and <i>pop</i> insertion modes from
+ the stack, which means that the most recently added insertion mode must be removed from the
+ stack.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id=reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately>reset the insertion mode appropriately</dfn>, it
+ means the UA must follow these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">last</var> be false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">node</var> be the last node in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">node</var> is the first node in the stack of open elements,
+ then set <var title="">last</var> to true, and, if the parser was originally created as part of
+ the <a href=#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm>HTML fragment parsing algorithm</a> (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>), set <var title="">node</var> to the <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var>
+ element.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If <var title="">last</var> is true, jump to the step below labeled
+ <i>done</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">ancestor</var> be <var title="">node</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">ancestor</var> is the first node in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of
+ open elements</a>, jump to the step below labeled <i>done</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">ancestor</var> be the node before <var title="">ancestor</var> in the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">ancestor</var> is a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> node, jump to the step below
+ labeled <i>done</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">ancestor</var> is a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> node, switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inselectintable title="insertion mode: in select in table">in select in table</a>" and
+ abort these steps.</li> <!-- consider
+ <table><tr><td><select><template></template><caption></table>
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/2374 -->
+
+ <li><p>Jump back to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Done</i>: Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inselect title="insertion mode: in
+ select">in select</a>" and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element and <var title="">last</var> is false, then switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intd title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</a>" and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, then switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intr title="insertion mode: in row">in row</a>" and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, then switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>" and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element, then switch the
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-incaption title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</a>" and
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element, then switch the
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-incolgroup title="insertion mode: in column group">in column
+ group</a>" and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, then switch the
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>" and abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element, then switch the
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to the <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion mode</a> and abort these
+ steps.</li>
+
+ <!-- <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code>head</code> element and <var
+ title="">last</var> is true, then switch the <span>insertion mode</span> to "<span
+ title="insertion mode: in body">in body</span>" ("<span title="insertion mode: in body">in
+ body</span>"! <em> not "<span title="insertion mode: in head">in head</span>"</em>!) and abort
+ these steps. (<span>fragment case</span>)</p></li> --><!-- The above is only here in case people
+ think that the spec accidentally omitted it and try to "fix" it. Note that noscript-in-head is
+ also handled this way. This is all intentional. The only thing it doesn't handle is the
+ scripting-disabled fragment parsing case for a <head> element containing a <noscript> which
+ itself contains something other than a <link> or a <style> element; you'd expect that to break
+ out of the <noscript> but it doesn't. This is an edge case that doesn't affect the spec, since
+ the algorithm for fragment parsing is only used for innerHTML/outerHTML/insertAdjacentHTML(),
+ where we know scripting is enabled. -->
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element and <var title="">last</var> is
+ false, then switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in head">in
+ head</a>" and abort these steps.</li> <!-- for the case of <head><template></template>...
+ -->
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element, then switch the
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" and abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element, then switch the
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inframeset title="insertion mode: in frameset">in frameset</a>" and
+ abort these steps. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">node</var> is an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#head-element-pointer><code>head</code> element pointer</a> is null, switch the
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#the-before-head-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: before head">before head</a>"
+ and abort these steps. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, the <a href=#head-element-pointer><code>head</code> element pointer</a> is not null, switch the
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#the-after-head-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: after head">after head</a>" and
+ abort these steps.</li> <!-- consider <html><head></head><template></template> -->
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">last</var> is true, then switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" and abort these steps. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment
+ case</a>)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">node</var> now be the node before <var title="">node</var> in the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><h5 id=the-stack-of-open-elements><span class=secno>12.2.3.2 </span>The stack of open elements</h5>
+
+ <p>Initially, the <dfn id=stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</dfn> is empty. The stack grows downwards; the
+ topmost node on the stack is the first one added to the stack, and the bottommost node of the
+ stack is the most recently added node in the stack (notwithstanding when the stack is manipulated
+ in a random access fashion as part of <a href=#adoptionAgency>the handling for misnested
+ tags</a>).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The "<a href=#the-before-html-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: before html">before html</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a> creates the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> root element node, which is then added to the stack.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In the <a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>, the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> is
+ initialised to contain an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element that is created as part of <a href=#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm title="html
+ fragment parsing algorithm">that algorithm</a>. (The <a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a> skips the
+ "<a href=#the-before-html-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: before html">before html</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.)</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> node, however it is created, is the topmost node of the stack. It only
+ gets popped off the stack when the parser <a href=#stop-parsing title="stop parsing">finishes</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=current-node>current node</dfn> is the bottommost node in this <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</dfn> is the <i title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></i>
+ element if the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> has only one element in it and the parser was
+ created by the <a href=#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm>HTML fragment parsing algorithm</a>; otherwise, the <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current
+ node</a> is the <a href=#current-node>current node</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Elements in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> fall into the following categories:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt><dfn id=special>Special</dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The following elements have varying levels of special parsing rules: HTML's
+ <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code>, <code><a href=#basefont>basefont</a></code>, <code><a href=#bgsound>bgsound</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>, <code><a href=#center>center</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code>, <code><a href=#dir>dir</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>, <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <!-- <code>image</code>, (commented out
+ because this isn't an element that can end up on the stack, so it doesn't matter) -->
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>, <code><a href=#isindex-0>isindex</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#listing>listing</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>, <code><a href=#noembed>noembed</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#noframes>noframes</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code>, <code><a href=#plaintext>plaintext</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-summary-element>summary</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code>, and <code><a href=#xmp>xmp</a></code>; MathML's <code title="">mi</code>, <code title="">mo</code>, <code title="">mn</code>, <code title="">ms</code>, <code title="">mtext</code>, and <code title="">annotation-xml</code>; and SVG's <code title="">foreignObject</code>, <code title="">desc</code>, and <code title="">title</code>.</dd> <!-- we could actually put all non-HTML elements in this list, I
+ think -->
+
+ <dt><dfn id=formatting>Formatting</dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>The following HTML elements are those that end up in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting
+ elements</a>: <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>, <code><a href=#big>big</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code>, <code><a href=#font>font</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>, <code><a href=#nobr>nobr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code>, <code><a href=#strike>strike</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code>, <code><a href=#tt>tt</a></code>, and
+ <code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=ordinary>Ordinary</dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>All other elements found while parsing an HTML document.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> is said to <dfn id=has-an-element-in-the-specific-scope title="has an element in the specific
+ scope">have an element <var title="">target node</var> in a specific scope</dfn> consisting of a
+ list of element types <var title="">list</var> when the following algorithm terminates in a match
+ state:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Initialise <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (the bottommost
+ node of the stack).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is the target node, terminate in a match state.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if <var title="">node</var> is one of the element types in <var title="">list</var>, terminate in a failure state.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, set <var title="">node</var> to the previous entry in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a> and return to step 2. (This will never fail, since the loop will always terminate
+ in the previous step if the top of the stack &mdash; an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element &mdash; is
+ reached.)</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> is said to <dfn id=has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in scope">have a
+ particular element in scope</dfn> when it <a href=#has-an-element-in-the-specific-scope title="has an element in the specific scope">has
+ that element in the specific scope</a> consisting of the following element types:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li> <!-- (This can only happen if the <var title="">node</var> is the topmost node of the <span>stack of open elements</span>, and prevents the next step from being invoked if there are no more elements in the stack.) -->
+ <li><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code title="">mi</code> in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code title="">mo</code> in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code title="">mn</code> in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code title="">ms</code> in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code title="">mtext</code> in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code title="">annotation-xml</code> in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code title="">foreignObject</code> in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code title="">desc</code> in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code title="">title</code> in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a></li>
+ </ul><p>The <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> is said to <dfn id=has-an-element-in-list-item-scope title="has an element in list item
+ scope">have a particular element in list item scope</dfn> when it <a href=#has-an-element-in-the-specific-scope title="has an element in
+ the specific scope">has that element in the specific scope</a> consisting of the following
+ element types:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>All the element types listed above for the <i><a href=#has-an-element-in-scope>has an element in scope</a></i> algorithm.</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ </ul><p>The <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> is said to <dfn id=has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in button
+ scope">have a particular element in button scope</dfn> when it <a href=#has-an-element-in-the-specific-scope title="has an element in the
+ specific scope">has that element in the specific scope</a> consisting of the following element
+ types:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>All the element types listed above for the <i><a href=#has-an-element-in-scope>has an element in scope</a></i> algorithm.</li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ </ul><p>The <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> is said to <dfn id=has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have a particular element in table scope</dfn> when it <a href=#has-an-element-in-the-specific-scope title="has an element in the
+ specific scope">has that element in the specific scope</a> consisting of the following element
+ types:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li> <!-- (This can only happen if the
+ <var title="">node</var> is the topmost node of the <span>stack of open elements</span>, and
+ prevents the next step from being invoked if there are no more elements in the stack.) -->
+ <li><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ </ul><p>The <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> is said to <dfn id=has-an-element-in-select-scope title="has an element in select
+ scope">have a particular element in select scope</dfn> when it <a href=#has-an-element-in-the-specific-scope title="has an element in the
+ specific scope">has that element in the specific scope</a> consisting of all element types
+ <em>except</em> the following:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><!--<li><code>select</code> in the <span>HTML namespace</span></li>--><li><code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ <li><code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></li>
+ </ul><p>Nothing happens if at any time any of the elements in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>
+ are moved to a new location in, or removed from, the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> tree. In particular,
+ the stack is not changed in this situation. This can cause, amongst other strange effects, content
+ to be appended to nodes that are no longer in the DOM.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In some cases (namely, when <a href=#adoptionAgency>closing misnested formatting
+ elements</a>), the stack is manipulated in a random-access fashion.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-list-of-active-formatting-elements><span class=secno>12.2.3.3 </span>The list of active formatting elements</h5>
+
+ <p>Initially, the <dfn id=list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</dfn> is empty. It is used to handle
+ mis-nested <a href=#formatting title=formatting>formatting element tags</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The list contains elements in the <a href=#formatting>formatting</a> category, and scope markers. The
+ scope markers are inserted when entering <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> elements, buttons,
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements, marquees, table cells, and table captions, and are used to prevent
+ formatting from "leaking" <em>into</em> <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> elements, buttons, <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ elements, marquees, and tables.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The scope markers are unrelated to the concept of an element being <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in scope">in scope</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>In addition, each element in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a> is associated
+ with the token for which it was created, so that further elements can be created for that token if
+ necessary.</p>
+
+ <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id=push-onto-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements>push onto the list of active formatting
+ elements</dfn> an element <var title="">element</var>, the UA must perform the following
+ steps:</p>
+
+ <ol id=noah><li><p>If there are already three elements in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>
+ after the last list marker, if any, or anywhere in the list if there are no list markers, that
+ have the same tag name, namespace, and attributes as <var title="">element</var>, then remove the
+ earliest such element from the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>. For these
+ purposes, the attributes must be compared as they were when the elements were created by the
+ parser; two elements have the same attributes if all their parsed attributes can be paired such
+ that the two attributes in each pair have identical names, namespaces, and values (the order of
+ the attributes does not matter).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is the Noah's Ark clause. But with three per family instead of two.</li>
+ <!-- A sort of polyamorous Noah's Ark, if you will. -->
+
+ <li><p>Add <var title="">element</var> to the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting
+ elements</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id=reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>reconstruct the active formatting elements</dfn>,
+ the UA must perform the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If there are no entries in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>, then there
+ is nothing to reconstruct; stop this algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the last (most recently added) entry in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting
+ elements</a> is a marker, or if it is an element that is in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>, then there is nothing to reconstruct; stop this algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">entry</var> be the last (most recently added) element in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list
+ of active formatting elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Rewind</i>: If there are no entries before <var title="">entry</var> in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list
+ of active formatting elements</a>, then jump to the step labeled <i>create</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">entry</var> be the entry one earlier than <var title="">entry</var> in
+ the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">entry</var> is neither a marker nor an element that is also in the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, go to the step labeled <i>rewind</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Advance</i>: Let <var title="">entry</var> be the element one later than <var title="">entry</var> in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Create</i>: <a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token for which the element
+ <var title="">entry</var> was created, to obtain <var title="">new element</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace the entry for <var title="">entry</var> in the list with an entry for <var title="">new element</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the entry for <var title="">new element</var> in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting
+ elements</a> is not the last entry in the list, return to the step labeled
+ <i>advance</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>This has the effect of reopening all the formatting elements that were opened in the current
+ body, cell, or caption (whichever is youngest) that haven't been explicitly closed.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The way this specification is written, the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting
+ elements</a> always consists of elements in chronological order with the least recently added
+ element first and the most recently added element last (except for while steps 8 to 11 of the
+ above algorithm are being executed, of course).</p>
+
+ <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id=clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker>clear the list of active formatting elements up to
+ the last marker</dfn>, the UA must perform the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">entry</var> be the last (most recently added) entry in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of
+ active formatting elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove <var title="">entry</var> from the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting
+ elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">entry</var> was a marker, then stop the algorithm at this point. The list
+ has been cleared up to the last marker.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Go to step 1.</li>
+
+ </ol><h5 id=the-element-pointers><span class=secno>12.2.3.4 </span>The element pointers</h5>
+
+ <p>Initially, the <dfn id=head-element-pointer><code title="">head</code> element pointer</dfn> and the <dfn id=form-element-pointer><code title="">form</code> element pointer</dfn> are both null.</p>
+
+ <p>Once a <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element has been parsed (whether implicitly or explicitly) the
+ <a href=#head-element-pointer><code title="">head</code> element pointer</a> gets set to point to this node.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a> points to the last
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element that was opened and whose end tag has not yet been seen. It is used to
+ make form controls associate with forms in the face of dramatically bad markup, for historical
+ reasons. It is ignored inside <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=other-parsing-state-flags><span class=secno>12.2.3.5 </span>Other parsing state flags</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=scripting-flag>scripting flag</dfn> is set to "enabled" if <a href=#concept-n-script title=concept-n-script>scripting
+ was enabled</a> for the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> with which the parser is associated when the
+ parser was created, and "disabled" otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#scripting-flag>scripting flag</a> can be enabled even when the parser was originally
+ created for the <a href=#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm>HTML fragment parsing algorithm</a>, even though <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ elements don't execute in that case.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</dfn> is set to "ok" when the parser is created. It is set to "not
+ ok" after certain tokens are seen.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=tokenization><span class=secno>12.2.4 </span><dfn>Tokenization</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>Implementations must act as if they used the following state machine to tokenise HTML. The
+ state machine must start in the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Most states consume a single character,
+ which may have various side-effects, and either switches the state machine to a new state to
+ <i>reconsume</i> the same character, or switches it to a new state to consume the next character,
+ or stays in the same state to consume the next character. Some states have more complicated
+ behavior and can consume several characters before switching to another state. In some cases, the
+ tokenizer state is also changed by the tree construction stage.</p>
+
+ <p>The exact behavior of certain states depends on the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> and the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>. Certain states also use a <dfn id=temporary-buffer><var>temporary
+ buffer</var></dfn> to track progress.</p>
+
+ <p>The output of the tokenization step is a series of zero or more of the following tokens:
+ DOCTYPE, start tag, end tag, comment, character, end-of-file. DOCTYPE tokens have a name, a public
+ identifier, a system identifier, and a <i>force-quirks flag</i>. When a DOCTYPE token is created,
+ its name, public identifier, and system identifier must be marked as missing (which is a distinct
+ state from the empty string), and the <i>force-quirks flag</i> must be set to <i>off</i> (its
+ other state is <i>on</i>). Start and end tag tokens have a tag name, a <i>self-closing flag</i>,
+ and a list of attributes, each of which has a name and a value. When a start or end tag token is
+ created, its <i>self-closing flag</i> must be unset (its other state is that it be set), and its
+ attributes list must be empty. Comment and character tokens have data.</p>
+
+ <p>When a token is emitted, it must immediately be handled by the <a href=#tree-construction>tree construction</a>
+ stage. The tree construction stage can affect the state of the tokenization stage, and can insert
+ additional characters into the stream. (For example, the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element can result in
+ scripts executing and using the <a href=#dynamic-markup-insertion>dynamic markup insertion</a> APIs to insert characters
+ into the stream being tokenized.)</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Creating a token and emitting it are distinct actions. It is possible for a token
+ to be created but implicitly abandoned (never emitted), e.g. if the file ends unexpectedly while
+ processing the characters that are being parsed into a start tag token.</p>
+
+ <p>When a start tag token is emitted with its <i>self-closing flag</i> set, if the flag is not
+ <dfn id=acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">acknowledged</dfn> when it is processed by the tree
+ construction stage, that is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When an end tag token is emitted with attributes, that is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When an end tag token is emitted with its <i>self-closing flag</i> set, that is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>An <dfn id=appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</dfn> is an end tag token whose tag name matches the tag name
+ of the last start tag to have been emitted from this tokenizer, if any. If no start tag has been
+ emitted from this tokenizer, then no end tag token is appropriate.</p>
+
+ <p>Before each step of the tokenizer, the user agent must first check the <a href=#parser-pause-flag>parser pause
+ flag</a>. If it is true, then the tokenizer must abort the processing of any nested invocations
+ of the tokenizer, yielding control back to the caller.</p>
+
+ <p>The tokenizer state machine consists of the states defined in the following subsections.</p>
+
+
+ <!-- Order of the lists below is supposed to be non-error then error, by unicode, then EOF, ending
+ with "anything else" -->
+
+
+ <h5 id=data-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.1 </span><dfn>Data state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&amp;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#character-reference-in-data-state>character reference in data state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#tag-open-state>tag open state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a character
+ token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd>Emit an end-of-file token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=character-reference-in-data-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.2 </span><dfn>Character reference in data state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Attempt to <a href=#consume-a-character-reference>consume a character reference</a>, with no <a href=#additional-allowed-character>additional allowed
+ character</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If nothing is returned, emit a U+0026 AMPERSAND character (&amp;) token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, emit the character tokens that were returned.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=rcdata-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.3 </span><dfn>RCDATA state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&amp;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#character-reference-in-rcdata-state>character reference in RCDATA state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#rcdata-less-than-sign-state>RCDATA less-than sign state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Emit a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd>Emit an end-of-file token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=character-reference-in-rcdata-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.4 </span><dfn>Character reference in RCDATA state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Switch to the <a href=#rcdata-state>RCDATA state</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Attempt to <a href=#consume-a-character-reference>consume a character reference</a>, with no <a href=#additional-allowed-character>additional allowed
+ character</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If nothing is returned, emit a U+0026 AMPERSAND character (&amp;) token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, emit the character tokens that were returned.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=rawtext-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.5 </span><dfn>RAWTEXT state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#rawtext-less-than-sign-state>RAWTEXT less-than sign state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Emit a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd>Emit an end-of-file token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.6 </span><dfn>Script data state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-less-than-sign-state>script data less-than sign state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Emit a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd>Emit an end-of-file token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=plaintext-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.7 </span><dfn>PLAINTEXT state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Emit a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd>Emit an end-of-file token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=tag-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.8 </span><dfn>Tag open state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK (!)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#markup-declaration-open-state>markup declaration open state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#end-tag-open-state>end tag open state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new start tag token, set its tag name to the lowercase version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current
+ input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the character's code point), then switch to the <a href=#tag-name-state>tag
+ name state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will be filled in before it is
+ emitted.)</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new start tag token, set its tag name to the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>,
+ then switch to the <a href=#tag-name-state>tag name state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will
+ be filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003F QUESTION MARK (?)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#bogus-comment-state>bogus comment state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN
+ character token. Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=end-tag-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.9 </span><dfn>End tag open state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new end tag token, set its tag name to the lowercase version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current
+ input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the character's code point), then switch to the <a href=#tag-name-state>tag
+ name state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will be filled in before it is
+ emitted.)</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new end tag token, set its tag name to the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>,
+ then switch to the <a href=#tag-name-state>tag name state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will
+ be filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN
+ character token and a U+002F SOLIDUS character token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#bogus-comment-state>bogus comment state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=tag-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.10 </span><dfn>Tag name state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#before-attribute-name-state>before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the current tag token.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the
+ character's code point) to the current tag token's tag name.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the current tag
+ token's tag name.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current tag token's tag name.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=rcdata-less-than-sign-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.11 </span><dfn>RCDATA less-than sign state</dfn></h5>
+ <!-- identical to the RAWTEXT less-than sign state, except s/RAWTEXT/RCDATA/g -->
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>Set the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> to the empty string. Switch to the <a href=#rcdata-end-tag-open-state>RCDATA end tag
+ open state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#rcdata-state>RCDATA state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token.
+ Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=rcdata-end-tag-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.12 </span><dfn>RCDATA end tag open state</dfn></h5>
+ <!-- identical to the RAWTEXT (and Script data) end tag open state, except s/RAWTEXT/RCDATA/g -->
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new end tag token, and set its tag name to the lowercase version of the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the character's code point). Append the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Finally, switch to the
+ <a href=#rcdata-end-tag-name-state>RCDATA end tag name state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will be filled
+ in before it is emitted.)</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new end tag token, and set its tag name to the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.
+ Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Finally,
+ switch to the <a href=#rcdata-end-tag-name-state>RCDATA end tag name state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details
+ will be filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#rcdata-state>RCDATA state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token and a
+ U+002F SOLIDUS character token. Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=rcdata-end-tag-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.13 </span><dfn>RCDATA end tag name state</dfn></h5>
+ <!-- identical to the RAWTEXT (and Script data) end tag name state, except s/RAWTEXT/RCDATA/g -->
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>If the current end tag token is an <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a>, then switch to the
+ <a href=#before-attribute-name-state>before attribute name state</a>. Otherwise, treat it as per the "anything else" entry
+ below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>If the current end tag token is an <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a>, then switch to the
+ <a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>self-closing start tag state</a>. Otherwise, treat it as per the "anything else" entry
+ below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>If the current end tag token is an <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a>, then switch to the
+ <a href=#data-state>data state</a> and emit the current tag token. Otherwise, treat it as per the "anything
+ else" entry below.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the
+ character's code point) to the current tag token's tag name. Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current tag token's tag name. Append
+ the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#rcdata-state>RCDATA state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token, a
+ U+002F SOLIDUS character token, and a character token for each of the characters in the
+ <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> (in the order they were added to the buffer). Reconsume the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=rawtext-less-than-sign-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.14 </span><dfn>RAWTEXT less-than sign state</dfn></h5>
+ <!-- identical to the RCDATA less-than sign state, except s/RCDATA/RAWTEXT/g -->
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>Set the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> to the empty string. Switch to the <a href=#rawtext-end-tag-open-state>RAWTEXT end tag
+ open state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#rawtext-state>RAWTEXT state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token.
+ Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=rawtext-end-tag-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.15 </span><dfn>RAWTEXT end tag open state</dfn></h5>
+ <!-- identical to the RCDATA (and Script data) end tag open state, except s/RCDATA/RAWTEXT/g -->
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new end tag token, and set its tag name to the lowercase version of the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the character's code point). Append the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Finally, switch to the
+ <a href=#rawtext-end-tag-name-state>RAWTEXT end tag name state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will be
+ filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new end tag token, and set its tag name to the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.
+ Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Finally,
+ switch to the <a href=#rawtext-end-tag-name-state>RAWTEXT end tag name state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details
+ will be filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#rawtext-state>RAWTEXT state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token and a
+ U+002F SOLIDUS character token. Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=rawtext-end-tag-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.16 </span><dfn>RAWTEXT end tag name state</dfn></h5>
+ <!-- identical to the RCDATA (and Script data) end tag name state, except s/RCDATA/RAWTEXT/g -->
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>If the current end tag token is an <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a>, then switch to the
+ <a href=#before-attribute-name-state>before attribute name state</a>. Otherwise, treat it as per the "anything else" entry
+ below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>If the current end tag token is an <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a>, then switch to the
+ <a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>self-closing start tag state</a>. Otherwise, treat it as per the "anything else" entry
+ below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>If the current end tag token is an <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a>, then switch to the
+ <a href=#data-state>data state</a> and emit the current tag token. Otherwise, treat it as per the "anything
+ else" entry below.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the
+ character's code point) to the current tag token's tag name. Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current tag token's tag name. Append
+ the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#rawtext-state>RAWTEXT state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token, a
+ U+002F SOLIDUS character token, and a character token for each of the characters in the
+ <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> (in the order they were added to the buffer). Reconsume the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-less-than-sign-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.17 </span><dfn>Script data less-than sign state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>Set the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> to the empty string. Switch to the <a href=#script-data-end-tag-open-state>script data end
+ tag open state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK (!)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escape-start-state>script data escape start state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN
+ character token and a U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-state>script data state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token.
+ Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-end-tag-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.18 </span><dfn>Script data end tag open state</dfn></h5>
+ <!-- identical to the RCDATA (and RAWTEXT) end tag open state, except s/RCDATA/Script data/g -->
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new end tag token, and set its tag name to the lowercase version of the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the character's code point). Append the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Finally, switch to the
+ <a href=#script-data-end-tag-name-state>script data end tag name state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will be
+ filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new end tag token, and set its tag name to the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.
+ Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Finally,
+ switch to the <a href=#script-data-end-tag-name-state>script data end tag name state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further
+ details will be filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-state>script data state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token
+ and a U+002F SOLIDUS character token. Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-end-tag-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.19 </span><dfn>Script data end tag name state</dfn></h5>
+ <!-- identical to the RCDATA (and RAWTEXT) end tag name state, except s/RCDATA/Script data/g -->
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>If the current end tag token is an <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a>, then switch to the
+ <a href=#before-attribute-name-state>before attribute name state</a>. Otherwise, treat it as per the "anything else" entry
+ below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>If the current end tag token is an <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a>, then switch to the
+ <a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>self-closing start tag state</a>. Otherwise, treat it as per the "anything else" entry
+ below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>If the current end tag token is an <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a>, then switch to the
+ <a href=#data-state>data state</a> and emit the current tag token. Otherwise, treat it as per the "anything
+ else" entry below.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the
+ character's code point) to the current tag token's tag name. Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current tag token's tag name. Append
+ the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-state>script data state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token, a
+ U+002F SOLIDUS character token, and a character token for each of the characters in the
+ <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> (in the order they were added to the buffer). Reconsume the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-escape-start-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.20 </span><dfn>Script data escape start state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escape-start-dash-state>script data escape start dash state</a>. Emit a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS
+ character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-state>script data state</a>. Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-escape-start-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.21 </span><dfn>Script data escape start dash state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-dash-state>script data escaped dash dash state</a>. Emit a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS
+ character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-state>script data state</a>. Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-escaped-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.22 </span><dfn>Script data escaped state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-state>script data escaped dash state</a>. Emit a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS
+ character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state>script data escaped less-than sign state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Emit a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. <a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-escaped-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.23 </span><dfn>Script data escaped dash state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-dash-dash-state>script data escaped dash dash state</a>. Emit a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS
+ character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state>script data escaped less-than sign state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-state>script data escaped state</a>. Emit a U+FFFD
+ REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-state>script data escaped state</a>. Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-escaped-dash-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.24 </span><dfn>Script data escaped dash dash state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Emit a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state>script data escaped less-than sign state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-state>script data state</a>. Emit a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN character
+ token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-state>script data escaped state</a>. Emit a U+FFFD
+ REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-state>script data escaped state</a>. Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.25 </span><dfn>Script data escaped less-than sign state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>Set the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> to the empty string. Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-open-state>script data
+ escaped end tag open state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Set the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> to the empty string. Append the lowercase version of the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the character's code point) to the
+ <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escape-start-state>script data double escape start state</a>.
+ Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token and the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a
+ character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Set the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> to the empty string. Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escape-start-state>script data double
+ escape start state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token and the <a href=#current-input-character>current
+ input character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-state>script data escaped state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character
+ token. Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-escaped-end-tag-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.26 </span><dfn>Script data escaped end tag open state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new end tag token, and set its tag name to the lowercase version of the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the character's code point). Append the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Finally, switch to the
+ <a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-name-state>script data escaped end tag name state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details
+ will be filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new end tag token, and set its tag name to the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.
+ Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Finally,
+ switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-end-tag-name-state>script data escaped end tag name state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet;
+ further details will be filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-state>script data escaped state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character
+ token and a U+002F SOLIDUS character token. Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-escaped-end-tag-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.27 </span><dfn>Script data escaped end tag name state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>If the current end tag token is an <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a>, then switch to the
+ <a href=#before-attribute-name-state>before attribute name state</a>. Otherwise, treat it as per the "anything else" entry
+ below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>If the current end tag token is an <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a>, then switch to the
+ <a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>self-closing start tag state</a>. Otherwise, treat it as per the "anything else" entry
+ below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>If the current end tag token is an <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a>, then switch to the
+ <a href=#data-state>data state</a> and emit the current tag token. Otherwise, treat it as per the "anything
+ else" entry below.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the
+ character's code point) to the current tag token's tag name. Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current tag token's tag name. Append
+ the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-state>script data escaped state</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character
+ token, a U+002F SOLIDUS character token, and a character token for each of the characters in the
+ <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> (in the order they were added to the buffer). Reconsume the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-double-escape-start-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.28 </span><dfn>Script data double escape start state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>If the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> is the string "<code title="">script</code>", then switch
+ to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state>script data double escaped state</a>. Otherwise, switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-state>script data
+ escaped state</a>. Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the
+ character's code point) to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Emit the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-state>script data escaped state</a>. Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-double-escaped-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.29 </span><dfn>Script data double escaped state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-dash-state>script data double escaped dash state</a>. Emit a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS
+ character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state>script data double escaped less-than sign state</a>. Emit a U+003C
+ LESS-THAN SIGN character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Emit a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-double-escaped-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.30 </span><dfn>Script data double escaped dash state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-dash-dash-state>script data double escaped dash dash state</a>. Emit a U+002D
+ HYPHEN-MINUS character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state>script data double escaped less-than sign state</a>. Emit a U+003C
+ LESS-THAN SIGN character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state>script data double escaped state</a>. Emit a
+ U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state>script data double escaped state</a>. Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-double-escaped-dash-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.31 </span><dfn>Script data double escaped dash dash state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Emit a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state>script data double escaped less-than sign state</a>. Emit a U+003C
+ LESS-THAN SIGN character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-state>script data state</a>. Emit a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN character
+ token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state>script data double escaped state</a>. Emit a
+ U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state>script data double escaped state</a>. Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.32 </span><dfn>Script data double escaped less-than sign state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>Set the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> to the empty string. Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escape-end-state>script data
+ double escape end state</a>. Emit a U+002F SOLIDUS character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state>script data double escaped state</a>. Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current
+ input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=script-data-double-escape-end-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.33 </span><dfn>Script data double escape end state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>If the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var> is the string "<code title="">script</code>", then switch
+ to the <a href=#script-data-escaped-state>script data escaped state</a>. Otherwise, switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state>script data double
+ escaped state</a>. Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the
+ character's code point) to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Emit the <a href=#current-input-character>current input
+ character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#lowercase-ascii-letters title="lowercase ASCII letters">Lowercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the <var><a href=#temporary-buffer>temporary buffer</a></var>. Emit the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> as a character token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#script-data-double-escaped-state>script data double escaped state</a>. Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current
+ input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=before-attribute-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.34 </span><dfn>Before attribute name state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Ignore the character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the current tag token.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that attribute's name to the lowercase
+ version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the character's code point),
+ and its value to the empty string. Switch to the <a href=#attribute-name-state>attribute name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that
+ attribute's name to a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character, and its value to the empty string.
+ Switch to the <a href=#attribute-name-state>attribute name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else" entry below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that attribute's name to the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>, and its value to the empty string. Switch to the
+ <a href=#attribute-name-state>attribute name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=attribute-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.35 </span><dfn>Attribute name state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#after-attribute-name-state>after attribute name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#before-attribute-value-state>before attribute value state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the current tag token.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the
+ character's code point) to the current attribute's name.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the current
+ attribute's name.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else" entry below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current attribute's name.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the user agent leaves the attribute name state (and before emitting the tag token, if
+ appropriate), the complete attribute's name must be compared to the other attributes on the same
+ token; if there is already an attribute on the token with the exact same name, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a> and the new attribute must be removed from the token.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If an attribute is so removed from a token, it, and the value that gets associated
+ with it, if any, are never subsequently used by the parser, and are therefore effectively
+ discarded. Removing the attribute in this way does not change its status as the "current
+ attribute" for the purposes of the tokenizer, however.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=after-attribute-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.36 </span><dfn>After attribute name state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Ignore the character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#before-attribute-value-state>before attribute value state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the current tag token.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that attribute's name to the lowercase
+ version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the character's code point),
+ and its value to the empty string. Switch to the <a href=#attribute-name-state>attribute name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that
+ attribute's name to a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character, and its value to the empty string.
+ Switch to the <a href=#attribute-name-state>attribute name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else" entry below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that attribute's name to the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>, and its value to the empty string. Switch to the
+ <a href=#attribute-name-state>attribute name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=before-attribute-value-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.37 </span><dfn>Before attribute value state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Ignore the character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#attribute-value-(double-quoted)-state>attribute value (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&amp;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#attribute-value-(unquoted)-state>attribute value (unquoted) state</a>. Reconsume the <a href=#current-input-character>current
+ input character</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#attribute-value-(single-quoted)-state>attribute value (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the current
+ attribute's value. Switch to the <a href=#attribute-value-(unquoted)-state>attribute value (unquoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the current tag
+ token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
+ <dt>U+0060 GRAVE ACCENT (`)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else" entry below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current attribute's value. Switch to
+ the <a href=#attribute-value-(unquoted)-state>attribute value (unquoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=attribute-value-(double-quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.38 </span><dfn>Attribute value (double-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#after-attribute-value-(quoted)-state>after attribute value (quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&amp;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state>character reference in attribute value state</a>, with the
+ <a href=#additional-allowed-character>additional allowed character</a> being U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (").</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the current
+ attribute's value.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current attribute's value.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=attribute-value-(single-quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.39 </span><dfn>Attribute value (single-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#after-attribute-value-(quoted)-state>after attribute value (quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&amp;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state>character reference in attribute value state</a>, with the
+ <a href=#additional-allowed-character>additional allowed character</a> being U+0027 APOSTROPHE (').</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the current
+ attribute's value.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current attribute's value.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=attribute-value-(unquoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.40 </span><dfn>Attribute value (unquoted) state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#before-attribute-name-state>before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&amp;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state>character reference in attribute value state</a>, with the
+ <a href=#additional-allowed-character>additional allowed character</a> being U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;).</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the current tag token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the current
+ attribute's value.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (&lt;)</dt>
+ <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
+ <dt>U+0060 GRAVE ACCENT (`)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else" entry below.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current attribute's value.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=character-reference-in-attribute-value-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.41 </span><dfn>Character reference in attribute value state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Attempt to <a href=#consume-a-character-reference>consume a character reference</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If nothing is returned, append a U+0026 AMPERSAND character (&amp;) to the current attribute's
+ value.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, append the returned character tokens to the current attribute's value.</p>
+
+ <p>Finally, switch back to the attribute value state that switched into this state.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=after-attribute-value-(quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.42 </span><dfn>After attribute value (quoted) state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#before-attribute-name-state>before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#self-closing-start-tag-state>self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the current tag token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#before-attribute-name-state>before attribute name state</a>. Reconsume
+ the character.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=self-closing-start-tag-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.43 </span><dfn>Self-closing start tag state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Set the <i>self-closing flag</i> of the current tag token. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data
+ state</a>. Emit the current tag token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#before-attribute-name-state>before attribute name state</a>. Reconsume
+ the character.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=bogus-comment-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.44 </span><dfn>Bogus comment state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume every character up to and including the first U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN character (&gt;)
+ or the end of the file (EOF), whichever comes first. Emit a comment token whose data is the
+ concatenation of all the characters starting from and including the character that caused the
+ state machine to switch into the bogus comment state, up to and including the character
+ immediately before the last consumed character (i.e. up to the character just before the U+003E or
+ EOF character), but with any U+0000 NULL characters replaced by U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
+ characters. (If the comment was started by the end of the file (EOF), the token is empty.
+ Similarly, the token is empty if it was generated by the string "<code title="">&lt;!&gt;</code>".)</p>
+
+ <p>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the end of the file was reached, reconsume the EOF character.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=markup-declaration-open-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.45 </span><dfn>Markup declaration open state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>If the next two characters are both U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters (-), consume those two
+ characters, create a comment token whose data is the empty string, and switch to the <a href=#comment-start-state>comment
+ start state</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the next seven characters are an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
+ the word "DOCTYPE", then consume those characters and switch to the <a href=#doctype-state>DOCTYPE
+ state</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if there is an <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</a> and it is not an element in the
+ <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a> and the next seven characters are a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match
+ for the string "[CDATA[" (the five uppercase letters "CDATA" with a U+005B LEFT SQUARE BRACKET
+ character before and after), then consume those characters and switch to the <a href=#cdata-section-state>CDATA section
+ state</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#bogus-comment-state>bogus comment state</a>.
+ The next character that is consumed, if any, is the first character that will be in the
+ comment.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=comment-start-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.46 </span><dfn>Comment start state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#comment-start-dash-state>comment start dash state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the comment
+ token's data. Switch to the <a href=#comment-state>comment state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the comment token.</dd>
+ <!-- see comment in comment end state -->
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the comment token.
+ Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the comment token's data. Switch to the
+ <a href=#comment-state>comment state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=comment-start-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.47 </span><dfn>Comment start dash state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#comment-end-state>comment end state</a></dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) and a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT
+ CHARACTER character to the comment token's data. Switch to the <a href=#comment-state>comment state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the comment token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the comment token.
+ Reconsume the EOF character.</dd> <!-- see comment in comment end state -->
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) and the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to
+ the comment token's data. Switch to the <a href=#comment-state>comment state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=comment-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.48 </span><dfn id=comment>Comment state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#comment-end-dash-state>comment end dash state</a></dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the comment
+ token's data.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the comment token.
+ Reconsume the EOF character.</dd> <!-- see comment in comment end state -->
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the comment token's data.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=comment-end-dash-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.49 </span><dfn>Comment end dash state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#comment-end-state>comment end state</a></dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) and a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT
+ CHARACTER character to the comment token's data. Switch to the <a href=#comment-state>comment state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the comment token.
+ Reconsume the EOF character.</dd> <!-- see comment in comment end state -->
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) and the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to
+ the comment token's data. Switch to the <a href=#comment-state>comment state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=comment-end-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.50 </span><dfn>Comment end state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the comment token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters (-) and a U+FFFD
+ REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the comment token's data. Switch to the <a href=#comment-state>comment
+ state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK (!)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#comment-end-bang-state>comment end bang state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) to the comment token's
+ data.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the comment token.
+ Reconsume the EOF character.</dd> <!-- For security reasons: otherwise, hostile user could put a
+ <script> in a comment e.g. in a blog comment and then DOS the server so that the end tag isn't
+ read, and then the commented <script> tag would be treated as live code -->
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters (-) and the <a href=#current-input-character>current
+ input character</a> to the comment token's data. Switch to the <a href=#comment-state>comment
+ state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=comment-end-bang-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.51 </span><dfn>Comment end bang state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
+ <dd>Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters (-) and a U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK character (!) to
+ the comment token's data. Switch to the <a href=#comment-end-dash-state>comment end dash state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the comment token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters (-), a U+0021 EXCLAMATION
+ MARK character (!), and a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the comment token's data.
+ Switch to the <a href=#comment-state>comment state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the comment token.
+ Reconsume the EOF character.</dd> <!-- see comment in comment end state -->
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters (-), a U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK character (!), and
+ the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the comment token's data. Switch to the <a href=#comment-state>comment
+ state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=doctype-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.52 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#before-doctype-name-state>before DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Create a new DOCTYPE token.
+ Set its <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit the token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#before-doctype-name-state>before DOCTYPE name state</a>. Reconsume the
+ character.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=before-doctype-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.53 </span><dfn>Before DOCTYPE name state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Ignore the character.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set the token's name to the lowercase version of the
+ <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the character's code point). Switch to the
+ <a href=#doctype-name-state>DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set the token's name to a U+FFFD
+ REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character. Switch to the <a href=#doctype-name-state>DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set its <i>force-quirks flag</i> to
+ <i>on</i>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Create a new DOCTYPE token.
+ Set its <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit the token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set the token's name to the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#doctype-name-state>DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=doctype-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.54 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE name state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#after-doctype-name-state>after DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the current DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a href=#uppercase-ascii-letters title="uppercase ASCII letters">Uppercase ASCII letter</a></dt>
+ <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> (add 0x0020 to the
+ character's code point) to the current DOCTYPE token's name.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the current
+ DOCTYPE token's name.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE token's name.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=after-doctype-name-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.55 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE name state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Ignore the character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the current DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the six characters starting from the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> are an
+ <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the word "PUBLIC", then consume those characters
+ and switch to the <a href=#after-doctype-public-keyword-state>after DOCTYPE public keyword state</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the six characters starting from the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> are
+ an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the word "SYSTEM", then consume those
+ characters and switch to the <a href=#after-doctype-system-keyword-state>after DOCTYPE system keyword state</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks
+ flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Switch to the <a href=#bogus-doctype-state>bogus DOCTYPE state</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=after-doctype-public-keyword-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.56 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE public keyword state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#before-doctype-public-identifier-state>before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's public identifier to the empty string (not
+ missing), then switch to the <a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's public identifier to the empty string (not
+ missing), then switch to the <a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#bogus-doctype-state>bogus DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=before-doctype-public-identifier-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.57 </span><dfn>Before DOCTYPE public identifier state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Ignore the character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's public identifier to the empty string (not missing), then switch to
+ the <a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's public identifier to the empty string (not missing), then switch to
+ the <a href=#doctype-public-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#bogus-doctype-state>bogus DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=doctype-public-identifier-(double-quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.58 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#after-doctype-public-identifier-state>after DOCTYPE public identifier state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the current
+ DOCTYPE token's public identifier.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE token's public
+ identifier.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=doctype-public-identifier-(single-quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.59 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#after-doctype-public-identifier-state>after DOCTYPE public identifier state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the current
+ DOCTYPE token's public identifier.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE token's public
+ identifier.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=after-doctype-public-identifier-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.60 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE public identifier state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#between-doctype-public-and-system-identifiers-state>between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the current DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string (not
+ missing), then switch to the <a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string (not
+ missing), then switch to the <a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#bogus-doctype-state>bogus DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=between-doctype-public-and-system-identifiers-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.61 </span><dfn>Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Ignore the character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the current DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string (not missing), then switch to
+ the <a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string (not missing), then switch to
+ the <a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#bogus-doctype-state>bogus DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=after-doctype-system-keyword-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.62 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE system keyword state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#before-doctype-system-identifier-state>before DOCTYPE system identifier state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string (not
+ missing), then switch to the <a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string (not
+ missing), then switch to the <a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#bogus-doctype-state>bogus DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=before-doctype-system-identifier-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.63 </span><dfn>Before DOCTYPE system identifier state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Ignore the character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string (not missing), then switch to
+ the <a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state>DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string (not missing), then switch to
+ the <a href=#doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state>DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#bogus-doctype-state>bogus DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.64 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#after-doctype-system-identifier-state>after DOCTYPE system identifier state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the current
+ DOCTYPE token's system identifier.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE token's system
+ identifier.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.65 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#after-doctype-system-identifier-state>after DOCTYPE system identifier state</a>.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Append a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER character to the current
+ DOCTYPE token's system identifier.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.
+ Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Append the <a href=#current-input-character>current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE token's system
+ identifier.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=after-doctype-system-identifier-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.66 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE system identifier state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>Ignore the character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the current DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
+ <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href=#bogus-doctype-state>bogus DOCTYPE state</a>. (This does
+ <em>not</em> set the DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.)</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=bogus-doctype-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.67 </span><dfn>Bogus DOCTYPE state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Consume the <a href=#next-input-character>next input character</a>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (&gt;)</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the DOCTYPE token.</dd>
+
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dd>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>. Emit the DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF
+ character.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>Ignore the character.</dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=cdata-section-state><span class=secno>12.2.4.68 </span><dfn>CDATA section state</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>Switch to the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Consume every character up to the next occurrence of the three character sequence U+005D RIGHT
+ SQUARE BRACKET U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code title="">]]&gt;</code>),
+ or the end of the file (EOF), whichever comes first. Emit a series of character tokens consisting
+ of all the characters consumed except the matching three character sequence at the end (if one was
+ found before the end of the file)<!--(not needed; taken care of by the tree constructor), but with
+ any U+0000 NULL characters replaced by U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER characters-->.</p>
+
+ <p>If the end of the file was reached, reconsume the EOF character.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=tokenizing-character-references><span class=secno>12.2.4.69 </span>Tokenizing character references</h5>
+
+ <p>This section defines how to <dfn id=consume-a-character-reference>consume a character reference</dfn>, optionally with an
+ <dfn id=additional-allowed-character>additional allowed character</dfn>, which, if specified where the algorithm is invoked, adds
+ a character to the list of characters that cause there to not be a character reference.</p>
+
+ <p>This definition is used when parsing character references <a href=#character-reference-in-data-state title="character reference in
+ data state">in text</a> and <a href=#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state title="character reference in attribute value state">in
+ attributes</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The behavior depends on the identity of the next character (the one immediately after the
+ U+0026 AMPERSAND character), as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
+ <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
+ <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
+ <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN</dt>
+ <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND</dt>
+ <dt>EOF</dt>
+ <dt>The <a href=#additional-allowed-character>additional allowed character</a>, if there is one</dt>
+
+ <dd>Not a character reference. No characters are consumed, and nothing is returned. (This is not
+ an error, either.)</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>U+0023 NUMBER SIGN (#)</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Consume the U+0023 NUMBER SIGN.</p>
+
+ <p>The behavior further depends on the character after the U+0023 NUMBER SIGN:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X</dt>
+ <dt>U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Consume the X.</p>
+
+ <p>Follow the steps below, but using <a href=#ascii-hex-digits>ASCII hex digits</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When it comes to interpreting the number, interpret it as a hexadecimal number.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Follow the steps below, but using <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When it comes to interpreting the number, interpret it as a decimal number.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Consume as many characters as match the range of characters given above (<a href=#ascii-hex-digits>ASCII hex
+ digits</a> or <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>).</p>
+
+ <p>If no characters match the range, then don't consume any characters (and unconsume the U+0023
+ NUMBER SIGN character and, if appropriate, the X character). This is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>;
+ nothing is returned.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the next character is a U+003B SEMICOLON, consume that too. If it isn't, there
+ is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If one or more characters match the range, then take them all and interpret the string of
+ characters as a number (either hexadecimal or decimal as appropriate).</p>
+
+ <p>If that number is one of the numbers in the first column of the following table, then this is
+ a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>. Find the row with that number in the first column, and return a
+ character token for the Unicode character given in the second column of that row.</p>
+
+ <table id=table-charref-overrides><thead><tr><th>Number <th colspan=2>Unicode character
+ <tbody><tr><td>0x00 <td>U+FFFD <td>REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
+ <!-- <tr><td>0x0D <td>U+000D <td>CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) -->
+ <tr><td>0x80 <td>U+20AC <td>EURO SIGN (&euro;)
+ <!-- <tr><td>0x81 <td>U+0081 <td>&lt;control> -->
+ <tr><td>0x82 <td>U+201A <td>SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK (&sbquo;)
+ <tr><td>0x83 <td>U+0192 <td>LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK (&fnof;)
+ <tr><td>0x84 <td>U+201E <td>DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK (&ldquor;)
+ <tr><td>0x85 <td>U+2026 <td>HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS (&mldr;)
+ <tr><td>0x86 <td>U+2020 <td>DAGGER (&dagger;)
+ <tr><td>0x87 <td>U+2021 <td>DOUBLE DAGGER (&#x2021;)
+ <tr><td>0x88 <td>U+02C6 <td>MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT (&circ;)
+ <tr><td>0x89 <td>U+2030 <td>PER MILLE SIGN (&permil;)
+ <tr><td>0x8A <td>U+0160 <td>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON (&Scaron;)
+ <tr><td>0x8B <td>U+2039 <td>SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK (&lsaquo;)
+ <tr><td>0x8C <td>U+0152 <td>LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE (&OElig;)
+ <!-- <tr><td>0x8D <td>U+008D <td>&lt;control> -->
+ <tr><td>0x8E <td>U+017D <td>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON (&Zcaron;)
+ <!-- <tr><td>0x8F <td>U+008F <td>&lt;control> -->
+ <!-- <tr><td>0x90 <td>U+0090 <td>&lt;control> -->
+ <tr><td>0x91 <td>U+2018 <td>LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK (&lsquo;)
+ <tr><td>0x92 <td>U+2019 <td>RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK (&rsquor;)
+ <tr><td>0x93 <td>U+201C <td>LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK (&ldquo;)
+ <tr><td>0x94 <td>U+201D <td>RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK (&rdquo;)
+ <tr><td>0x95 <td>U+2022 <td>BULLET (&bullet;)
+ <tr><td>0x96 <td>U+2013 <td>EN DASH (&ndash;)
+ <tr><td>0x97 <td>U+2014 <td>EM DASH (&mdash;)
+ <tr><td>0x98 <td>U+02DC <td>SMALL TILDE (&tilde;)
+ <tr><td>0x99 <td>U+2122 <td>TRADE MARK SIGN (&trade;)
+ <tr><td>0x9A <td>U+0161 <td>LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON (&scaron;)
+ <tr><td>0x9B <td>U+203A <td>SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK (&rsaquo;)
+ <tr><td>0x9C <td>U+0153 <td>LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE (&oelig;)
+ <!-- <tr><td>0x9D <td>U+009D <td>&lt;control> -->
+ <tr><td>0x9E <td>U+017E <td>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON (&zcaron;)
+ <tr><td>0x9F <td>U+0178 <td>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS (&Yuml;)
+ </table><p>Otherwise, if the number is in the range 0xD800 to 0xDFFF<!-- surrogates --> or is greater
+ than 0x10FFFF, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>. Return a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
+ character token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, return a character token for the Unicode character whose code point is that
+ number.
+
+ <!-- this is the same as the equivalent list in the input stream section, except U+000D is not
+ allowed --> Additionally, if the number is in the range 0x0001 to 0x0008, <!-- HT, LF allowed
+ --> <!-- U+000B is in the next list --> <!-- FF allowed --> 0x000D to 0x001F, <!-- ASCII allowed
+ --> 0x007F <!--to 0x0084, (0x0085 NEL not allowed), 0x0086--> to 0x009F, 0xFDD0 to 0xFDEF, or is
+ one of 0x000B, 0xFFFE, 0xFFFF, 0x1FFFE, 0x1FFFF, 0x2FFFE, 0x2FFFF, 0x3FFFE, 0x3FFFF, 0x4FFFE,
+ 0x4FFFF, 0x5FFFE, 0x5FFFF, 0x6FFFE, 0x6FFFF, 0x7FFFE, 0x7FFFF, 0x8FFFE, 0x8FFFF, 0x9FFFE,
+ 0x9FFFF, 0xAFFFE, 0xAFFFF, 0xBFFFE, 0xBFFFF, 0xCFFFE, 0xCFFFF, 0xDFFFE, 0xDFFFF, 0xEFFFE,
+ 0xEFFFF, 0xFFFFE, 0xFFFFF, 0x10FFFE, or 0x10FFFF, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Consume the maximum number of characters possible, with the consumed characters matching one
+ of the identifiers in the first column of the <a href=#named-character-references>named character references</a> table (in
+ a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> manner).</p>
+
+ <p>If no match can be made, then no characters are consumed, and nothing is returned. In this
+ case, if the characters after the U+0026 AMPERSAND character (&amp;) consist of a sequence of
+ one or more <a href=#alphanumeric-ascii-characters>alphanumeric ASCII characters</a> followed by a U+003B SEMICOLON character
+ (;), then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the character reference is being consumed <a href=#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state title="character reference in attribute
+ value state">as part of an attribute</a>, and the last character matched is not a U+003B
+ SEMICOLON character (;), and the next character is either a U+003D EQUALS SIGN character (=) or
+ an <a href=#alphanumeric-ascii-characters title="alphanumeric ASCII characters">alphanumeric ASCII character</a>, then, for
+ historical reasons, all the characters that were matched after the U+0026 AMPERSAND character
+ (&amp;) must be unconsumed, and nothing is returned. <!-- "=" added because of
+ http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=9207#c5 -->
+
+ However, if this next character is in fact a U+003D EQUALS SIGN character (=), then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>, because some legacy user agents <!-- IE, version 9 and before --> will
+ misinterpret the markup in those cases.</p> <!-- v2: should make this no longer a conformance
+ error at some point in the future; revisit in 2015? -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, a character reference is parsed. If the last character matched is not a U+003B
+ SEMICOLON character (;), there is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Return one or two character tokens for the character(s) corresponding to the character
+ reference name (as given by the second column of the <a href=#named-character-references>named character references</a>
+ table).</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>If the markup contains (not in an attribute) the string <code title="">I'm &amp;notit; I
+ tell you</code>, the character reference is parsed as "not", as in, <code title="">I'm &not;it;
+ I tell you</code> (and this is a parse error). But if the markup was <code title="">I'm
+ &amp;notin; I tell you</code>, the character reference would be parsed as "notin;", resulting
+ in <code title="">I'm &notinva; I tell you</code> (and no parse error).</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <!-- v2: One thing that this doesn't define is handling deeply nested documents. There are
+ compatibility requirements around that: you can't throw away the elements altogether, consider Tux
+ made only with opening <font> elements, one per character. Seems that the best thing to do is to
+ close some formatting elements from the middle of the stack when you hit a limit, or something.
+ -->
+
+ <h4 id=tree-construction><span class=secno>12.2.5 </span><dfn>Tree construction</dfn></h4>
+
+ <p>The input to the tree construction stage is a sequence of tokens from the
+ <a href=#tokenization>tokenization</a> stage. The tree construction stage is associated with a DOM
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object when a parser is created. The "output" of this stage consists of
+ dynamically modifying or extending that document's DOM tree.</p>
+
+ <p>This specification does not define when an interactive user agent has to render the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> so that it is available to the user, or when it has to begin accepting user
+ input.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>As each token is emitted from the tokenizer, the user agent must follow the appropriate steps
+ from the following list, known as the <dfn id=tree-construction-dispatcher>tree construction dispatcher</dfn>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If there is no <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</a></dt>
+ <dt>If the <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</a> is an element in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a></dt>
+ <dt>If the <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</a> is a <a href=#mathml-text-integration-point>MathML text integration point</a> and the token is a start tag whose tag name is neither "mglyph" nor "malignmark"</dt>
+ <dt>If the <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</a> is a <a href=#mathml-text-integration-point>MathML text integration point</a> and the token is a character token</dt>
+ <dt>If the <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</a> is an <code title="">annotation-xml</code> element in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a> and the token is a start tag whose tag name is "svg"</dt>
+ <dt>If the <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</a> is an <a href=#html-integration-point>HTML integration point</a> and the token is a start tag</dt>
+ <dt>If the <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</a> is an <a href=#html-integration-point>HTML integration point</a> and the token is a character token</dt>
+ <dt>If the token is an end-of-file token</dt>
+
+ <dd>Process the token according to the rules given in the section corresponding to the current
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> in HTML content.</dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>Process the token according to the rules given in the section for parsing tokens <a href=#parsing-main-inforeign title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in foreign content</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <dfn id=next-token>next token</dfn> is the token that is about to be processed by the <a href=#tree-construction-dispatcher>tree
+ construction dispatcher</a> (even if the token is subsequently just ignored).</p>
+
+ <p>A node is a <dfn id=mathml-text-integration-point>MathML text integration point</dfn> if it is one of the following
+ elements:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>An <code title="">mi</code> element in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a></li>
+ <li>An <code title="">mo</code> element in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a></li>
+ <li>An <code title="">mn</code> element in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a></li>
+ <li>An <code title="">ms</code> element in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a></li>
+ <li>An <code title="">mtext</code> element in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a></li>
+ </ul><p>A node is an <dfn id=html-integration-point>HTML integration point</dfn> if it is one of the following elements:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>An <code title="">annotation-xml</code> element in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a> whose
+ start tag token had an attribute with the name "encoding" whose value was an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">text/html</code>"</li>
+ <li>An <code title="">annotation-xml</code> element in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a> whose
+ start tag token had an attribute with the name "encoding" whose value was an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">application/xhtml+xml</code>"</li>
+ <li>A <code title="">foreignObject</code> element in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a></li>
+ <li>A <code title="">desc</code> element in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a></li>
+ <li>A <code title="">title</code> element in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a></li>
+ </ul><p class=note>Not all of the tag names mentioned below are conformant tag names in this
+ specification; many are included to handle legacy content. They still form part of the algorithm
+ that implementations are required to implement to claim conformance.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The algorithm described below places no limit on the depth of the DOM tree
+ generated, or on the length of tag names, attribute names, attribute values, <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code>
+ nodes, etc. While implementors are encouraged to avoid arbitrary limits, it is recognised that <a href=#hardwareLimitations>practical concerns</a> will likely force user agents to impose nesting
+ depth constraints.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=creating-and-inserting-nodes><span class=secno>12.2.5.1 </span>Creating and inserting nodes</h5>
+
+ <p>While the parser is processing a token, it can enable or disable <dfn id=foster-parent title="foster
+ parent">foster parenting</dfn>. This affects the following algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=appropriate-place-for-inserting-a-node>appropriate place for inserting a node</dfn>, optionally using a particular
+ <i>override target</i>, is the position in an element returned by running the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If there was an <i>override target</i> specified, then let <var title="">target</var> be the
+ <i>override target</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, let <var title="">target</var> be the <a href=#current-node>current node</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Determine the <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> using the first matching steps
+ from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <a href=#foster-parent title="foster parent">foster parenting</a> is enabled and <var title="">target</var> is a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p class=note>Foster parenting happens when content is misnested in tables.</p>
+
+ <p>Run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">last template</var> be the last <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element in the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">last table</var> be the last <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element in the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <li><p>If there is a <var title="">last template</var> and either there is no <var title="">last table</var>, or there is one, but <var title="">last template</var> is lower
+ (more recently added) than <var title="">last table</var> in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>, then: let <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> be inside <var title="">last template</var>'s <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a>, after its last child (if any),
+ and abort these substeps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is no <var title="">last table</var>, <!-- there's also implicitly no last
+ template, since we didn't hit the previous step --> then let <var title="">adjusted insertion
+ location</var> be inside the first element in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> (the
+ <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element), after its last child (if any), and abort these substeps.
+ (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</p>
+
+ <!-- if we get here, we know there's a last table, and if there's a last template, it's older
+ than the last table. -->
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">last table</var> has a parent node, then let <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> be inside <var title="">last table</var>'s parent
+ node, immediately before <var title="">last table</var>, and abort these
+ substeps.</li>
+
+ <!-- if we get here, we know there's a last table, but it has no parent, and if there's a
+ last template, it's older than the last table. -->
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">previous element</var> be the element immediately above <var title="">last table</var> in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> be inside <var title="">previous
+ element</var>, after its last child (if any).</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>These steps are involved in part because it's possible for elements, the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element in this case in particular, to have been moved by a script around
+ in the DOM, or indeed removed from the DOM entirely, after the element was inserted by the
+ parser.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> be inside <var title="">target</var>,
+ after its last child (if any).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> is inside a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>
+ element, let it instead be inside the <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element's <a href=#template-contents>template
+ contents</a>, after its last child (if any).</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Return the <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id=create-an-element-for-the-token title="create an element for the token">create an
+ element for a token</dfn> in a particular <var title="">given namespace</var> and with a
+ particular <var title="">intended parent</var>, the UA must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Create a node implementing the interface appropriate for the element type corresponding to
+ the tag name of the token in <var title="">given namespace</var> (as given in the specification
+ that defines that element, e.g. for an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML
+ namespace</a>, this specification defines it to be the <code><a href=#htmlanchorelement>HTMLAnchorElement</a></code>
+ interface), with the tag name being the name of that element, with the node being in the given
+ namespace, and with the attributes on the node being those given in the given token.</p>
+
+ <p>The interface appropriate for an element in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a> that is not
+ defined in this specification (or <a href=#other-applicable-specifications>other applicable specifications</a>) is
+ <code><a href=#htmlunknownelement>HTMLUnknownElement</a></code>. Elements in other namespaces whose interface is not defined by
+ that namespace's specification must use the interface <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><a href=#dom-node-ownerdocument>ownerDocument</a></code> of the newly created element
+ must be the same as that of the <var title="">intended parent</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the newly created element has an <code title="">xmlns</code> attribute <em>in the
+ <a href=#xmlns-namespace>XMLNS namespace</a></em> whose value is not exactly the same as the element's namespace,
+ that is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>. Similarly, if the newly created element has an <code title="">xmlns:xlink</code> attribute in the <a href=#xmlns-namespace>XMLNS namespace</a> whose value is not the
+ <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink Namespace</a>, that is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the newly created element is a <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable element</a>,
+ invoke its <a href=#concept-form-reset-control title=concept-form-reset-control>reset algorithm</a>. (This initializes the
+ element's <a href=#concept-fe-value title=concept-fe-value>value</a> and <a href=#concept-fe-checked title=concept-fe-checked>checkedness</a> based on the element's attributes.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element is a <a href=#form-associated-element>form-associated element</a>, and the <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a> is not null, and there is no <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>
+ element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, and the newly created element is either not
+ <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a> or doesn't have a <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code> attribute, and the <var title="">intended parent</var> is in
+ the same <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a> as the element pointed to by the <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a>, <a href=#concept-form-association title=concept-form-association>associate</a> the newly created element with the
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element pointed to by the <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title="">form</code> element
+ pointer</a>, and suppress the running of the <a href=#reset-the-form-owner>reset the form owner</a> algorithm when
+ the parser subsequently attempts to insert the element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the newly created element.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><!-- The names of these algorithms are kinda confusing; e.g. see the confusion in
+ https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=18367
+ Not sure what we could call them instead, though... --><p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id=insert-a-foreign-element>insert a foreign element</dfn> for a token
+ in a given namespace, the user agent must run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let the <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> be the <a href=#appropriate-place-for-inserting-a-node>appropriate place for
+ inserting a node</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-an-element-for-the-token>Create an element for the token</a> in the given namespace, with the intended
+ parent being the element in which the <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> finds
+ itself.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If it is possible to insert an element at the <var title="">adjusted insertion
+ location</var>, then insert the newly created element at the <var title="">adjusted insertion
+ location</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If the <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> cannot accept more
+ elements, e.g. because it's a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> that already has an element child, then the
+ newly created element is dropped on the floor.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Push the element onto the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> so that it is the new
+ <a href=#current-node>current node</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return the newly created element.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id=insert-an-html-element>insert an HTML element</dfn> for a token,
+ the user agent must <a href=#insert-a-foreign-element>insert a foreign element</a> for the token, in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML
+ namespace</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id=adjust-mathml-attributes>adjust MathML attributes</dfn> for a token,
+ then, if the token has an attribute named <code title="">definitionurl</code>, change its name to
+ <code title="">definitionURL</code> (note the case difference).</p>
+
+ <p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id=adjust-svg-attributes>adjust SVG attributes</dfn> for a token,
+ then, for each attribute on the token whose attribute name is one of the ones in the first column
+ of the following table, change the attribute's name to the name given in the corresponding cell in
+ the second column. (This fixes the case of SVG attributes that are not all lowercase.)</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Attribute name on token <th> Attribute name on element
+ <tbody><tr><td> <code title="">attributename</code> <td> <code title="">attributeName</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">attributetype</code> <td> <code title="">attributeType</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">basefrequency</code> <td> <code title="">baseFrequency</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">baseprofile</code> <td> <code title="">baseProfile</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">calcmode</code> <td> <code title="">calcMode</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">clippathunits</code> <td> <code title="">clipPathUnits</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">diffuseconstant</code> <td> <code title="">diffuseConstant</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">edgemode</code> <td> <code title="">edgeMode</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">externalresourcesrequired</code> <td> <code title="">externalResourcesRequired</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">filterunits</code> <td> <code title="">filterUnits</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">glyphref</code> <td> <code title="">glyphRef</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">gradienttransform</code> <td> <code title="">gradientTransform</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">gradientunits</code> <td> <code title="">gradientUnits</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">kernelmatrix</code> <td> <code title="">kernelMatrix</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">kernelunitlength</code> <td> <code title="">kernelUnitLength</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">keypoints</code> <td> <code title="">keyPoints</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">keysplines</code> <td> <code title="">keySplines</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">keytimes</code> <td> <code title="">keyTimes</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">lengthadjust</code> <td> <code title="">lengthAdjust</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">limitingconeangle</code> <td> <code title="">limitingConeAngle</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">markerheight</code> <td> <code title="">markerHeight</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">markerunits</code> <td> <code title="">markerUnits</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">markerwidth</code> <td> <code title="">markerWidth</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">maskcontentunits</code> <td> <code title="">maskContentUnits</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">maskunits</code> <td> <code title="">maskUnits</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">numoctaves</code> <td> <code title="">numOctaves</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">pathlength</code> <td> <code title="">pathLength</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">patterncontentunits</code> <td> <code title="">patternContentUnits</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">patterntransform</code> <td> <code title="">patternTransform</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">patternunits</code> <td> <code title="">patternUnits</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">pointsatx</code> <td> <code title="">pointsAtX</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">pointsaty</code> <td> <code title="">pointsAtY</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">pointsatz</code> <td> <code title="">pointsAtZ</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">preservealpha</code> <td> <code title="">preserveAlpha</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">preserveaspectratio</code> <td> <code title="">preserveAspectRatio</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">primitiveunits</code> <td> <code title="">primitiveUnits</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">refx</code> <td> <code title="">refX</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">refy</code> <td> <code title="">refY</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">repeatcount</code> <td> <code title="">repeatCount</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">repeatdur</code> <td> <code title="">repeatDur</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">requiredextensions</code> <td> <code title="">requiredExtensions</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">requiredfeatures</code> <td> <code title="">requiredFeatures</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">specularconstant</code> <td> <code title="">specularConstant</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">specularexponent</code> <td> <code title="">specularExponent</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">spreadmethod</code> <td> <code title="">spreadMethod</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">startoffset</code> <td> <code title="">startOffset</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">stddeviation</code> <td> <code title="">stdDeviation</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">stitchtiles</code> <td> <code title="">stitchTiles</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">surfacescale</code> <td> <code title="">surfaceScale</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">systemlanguage</code> <td> <code title="">systemLanguage</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">tablevalues</code> <td> <code title="">tableValues</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">targetx</code> <td> <code title="">targetX</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">targety</code> <td> <code title="">targetY</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">textlength</code> <td> <code title="">textLength</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">viewbox</code> <td> <code title="">viewBox</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">viewtarget</code> <td> <code title="">viewTarget</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xchannelselector</code> <td> <code title="">xChannelSelector</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">ychannelselector</code> <td> <code title="">yChannelSelector</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">zoomandpan</code> <td> <code title="">zoomAndPan</code>
+ </table><p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id=adjust-foreign-attributes>adjust foreign attributes</dfn> for a
+ token, then, if any of the attributes on the token match the strings given in the first column of
+ the following table, let the attribute be a namespaced attribute, with the prefix being the string
+ given in the corresponding cell in the second column, the local name being the string given in the
+ corresponding cell in the third column, and the namespace being the namespace given in the
+ corresponding cell in the fourth column. (This fixes the use of namespaced attributes, in
+ particular <a href=#attr-xml-lang title=attr-xml-lang><code title="">lang</code> attributes in the <span>XML
+ namespace</span></a>.)</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Attribute name <th> Prefix <th> Local name <th> Namespace
+ <tbody><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:actuate</code> <td> <code title="">xlink</code> <td> <code title="">actuate</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xlink:arcrole</code> <td> <code title="">xlink</code> <td> <code title="">arcrole</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xlink:href</code> <td> <code title="">xlink</code> <td> <code title="">href</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xlink:role</code> <td> <code title="">xlink</code> <td> <code title="">role</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xlink:show</code> <td> <code title="">xlink</code> <td> <code title="">show</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xlink:title</code> <td> <code title="">xlink</code> <td> <code title="">title</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xlink:type</code> <td> <code title="">xlink</code> <td> <code title="">type</code> <td> <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xml:base</code> <td> <code title="">xml</code> <td> <code title="">base</code> <td> <a href=#xml-namespace>XML namespace</a> <!-- attr-xml-base -->
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xml:lang</code> <td> <code title="">xml</code> <td> <code title="">lang</code> <td> <a href=#xml-namespace>XML namespace</a>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xml:space</code> <td> <code title="">xml</code> <td> <code title="">space</code> <td> <a href=#xml-namespace>XML namespace</a>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xmlns</code> <td> (none) <td> <code title="">xmlns</code> <td> <a href=#xmlns-namespace>XMLNS namespace</a>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">xmlns:xlink</code> <td> <code title="">xmlns</code> <td> <code title="">xlink</code> <td> <a href=#xmlns-namespace>XMLNS namespace</a>
+ </table><hr><p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id=insert-a-character>insert a character</dfn> while processing a
+ token, the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">data</var> be the characters passed to the algorithm, or, if no
+ characters were explicitly specified, the character of the character token being
+ processed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> be the <a href=#appropriate-place-for-inserting-a-node>appropriate
+ place for inserting a node</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> is in a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node,
+ then abort these steps.
+
+ <p class=note>The DOM will not let <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> nodes have <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node
+ children, so they are dropped on the floor.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is a <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node immediately before the <var title="">adjusted insertion
+ location</var>, then append <var title="">data</var> to that <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node's data.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, create a new <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node whose data is <var title="">data</var> and
+ whose <code title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><a href=#dom-node-ownerdocument>ownerDocument</a></code> is the same as that of the
+ element in which the <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> finds itself, and insert
+ the newly created node at the <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><div class=example>
+
+ <p>Here are some sample inputs to the parser and the corresponding number of <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code>
+ nodes that they result in, assuming a user agent that executes scripts.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Input <th>Number of <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes
+ <tbody><tr><td><pre>A&lt;script&gt;
+var&nbsp;script&nbsp;=&nbsp;document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
+document.body.removeChild(script);
+&lt;/script&gt;B</pre>
+ <td>One <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node in the document, containing "AB".
+ <tr><td><pre>A&lt;script&gt;
+var&nbsp;text&nbsp;=&nbsp;document.createTextNode('B');
+document.body.appendChild(text);
+&lt;/script&gt;C</pre>
+ <td>Three <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes; "A" before the script, the script's contents, and "BC" after the script (the parser appends to the <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node created by the script).
+ <tr><td><pre>A&lt;script&gt;
+var&nbsp;text&nbsp;=&nbsp;document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0].firstChild;
+text.data&nbsp;=&nbsp;'B';
+document.body.appendChild(text);
+&lt;/script&gt;C</pre>
+ <td>Two adjacent <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes in the document, containing "A" and "BC".
+ <tr><td><pre>A&lt;table&gt;B&lt;tr&gt;C&lt;/tr&gt;D&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+ <td>One <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node before the table, containing "ABCD". (This is caused by <a href=#foster-parent title="foster parent">foster parenting</a>.)
+ <tr><td><pre>A&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&nbsp;B&lt;/tr&gt;&nbsp;C&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+ <td>One <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node before the table, containing "A&nbsp;B&nbsp;C" (A-space-B-space-C). (This is caused by <a href=#foster-parent title="foster parent">foster parenting</a>.)
+ <tr><td><pre>A&lt;table&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&nbsp;B&lt;/tr&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;C&lt;/table&gt;</pre>
+ <td>One <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node before the table, containing "A&nbsp;BC" (A-space-B-C), and one <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node inside the table (as a child of a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>) with a single space character. (Space characters separated from non-space characters by non-character tokens are not affected by <a href=#foster-parent title="foster parent">foster parenting</a>, even if those other tokens then get ignored.)
+ </table></div>
+
+ <hr><p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id=insert-a-comment>insert a comment</dfn> while processing a
+ comment token, optionally with an explicitly insertion position <var title="">position</var>, the
+ user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">data</var> be the data given in the comment token being
+ processed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> was specified, then let the <var title="">adjusted
+ insertion location</var> be <var title="">position</var>. Otherwise, let <var title="">adjusted
+ insertion location</var> be the <a href=#appropriate-place-for-inserting-a-node>appropriate place for inserting a node</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Create a <code><a href=#comment-0>Comment</a></code> node whose <code title="">data</code> attribute is set to
+ <var title="">data</var> and whose <code title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><a href=#dom-node-ownerdocument>ownerDocument</a></code> is
+ the same as that of the node in which the <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> finds
+ itself.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Insert the newly created node at the <var title="">adjusted insertion
+ location</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p id=mutation-during-parsing>DOM mutation events must not fire for changes caused by the UA
+ parsing the document. This includes the parsing of any content inserted using <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> and <code title=dom-document-writeln><a href=#dom-document-writeln>document.writeln()</a></code> calls. <a href=#refsDOMEVENTS>[DOMEVENTS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>However, mutation observers <em>do</em> fire, as required by the DOM specification.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=parsing-elements-that-contain-only-text><span class=secno>12.2.5.2 </span>Parsing elements that contain only text</h5>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=generic-raw-text-element-parsing-algorithm>generic raw text element parsing algorithm</dfn> and the <dfn id=generic-rcdata-element-parsing-algorithm>generic RCDATA element
+ parsing algorithm</dfn> consist of the following steps. These algorithms are always invoked in
+ response to a start tag token.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the algorithm that was invoked is the <a href=#generic-raw-text-element-parsing-algorithm>generic raw text element parsing
+ algorithm</a>, switch the tokenizer to the <a href=#rawtext-state>RAWTEXT state</a>; otherwise the algorithm
+ invoked was the <a href=#generic-rcdata-element-parsing-algorithm>generic RCDATA element parsing algorithm</a>, switch the tokenizer to
+ the <a href=#rcdata-state>RCDATA state</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <a href=#original-insertion-mode>original insertion mode</a> be the current <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Then, switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-incdata title="insertion mode:
+ text">text</a>".</li>
+
+ </ol><h5 id=closing-elements-that-have-implied-end-tags><span class=secno>12.2.5.3 </span>Closing elements that have implied end tags</h5>
+
+ <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id=generate-implied-end-tags>generate implied end
+ tags</dfn>, then, while the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is a
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element, an
+ <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element, an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element, an
+ <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element, an
+ <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element, or an <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element, the UA must
+ pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If a step requires the UA to generate implied end tags but lists
+ an element to exclude from the process, then the UA must perform the
+ above steps as if that element was not in the above list.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=parsing-main-inhtml><span class=secno>12.2.5.4 </span>The rules for parsing tokens in HTML content</h5>
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-initial-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.1 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: initial">initial</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#the-initial-insertion-mode title="insertion mode:
+ initial">initial</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
+ TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
+ U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a> as the last child of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the DOCTYPE token's name is not a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">html</code>", or the token's public identifier is not missing, or the token's system
+ identifier is neither missing nor a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for the string
+ "<code><a href=#about:legacy-compat>about:legacy-compat</a></code>", and none of the sets of conditions in the following list are
+ matched, then there is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <ul><!-- only things that trigger no-quirks mode and were valid in some other spec are allowed in
+ this list --><li>The DOCTYPE token's name is a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">html</code>", the token's public identifier is the <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> string
+ "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;HTML&nbsp;4.0//EN</code>", and the token's system identifier
+ is either missing or the <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd</code>".</li>
+
+ <li>The DOCTYPE token's name is a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">html</code>", the token's public identifier is the <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> string
+ "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;HTML&nbsp;4.01//EN</code>", and the token's system identifier
+ is either missing or the <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd</code>".</li>
+
+ <li>The DOCTYPE token's name is a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">html</code>", the token's public identifier is the <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> string
+ "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;XHTML&nbsp;1.0&nbsp;Strict//EN</code>", and the token's system
+ identifier is the <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd</code>".</li>
+
+ <li>The DOCTYPE token's name is a <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">html</code>", the token's public identifier is the <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> string
+ "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;XHTML&nbsp;1.1//EN</code>", and the token's system identifier
+ is the <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd</code>".</li>
+
+ </ul><p>Conformance checkers may, based on the values (including presence or lack thereof) of the
+ DOCTYPE token's name, public identifier, or system identifier, switch to a conformance checking
+ mode for another language (e.g. based on the DOCTYPE token a conformance checker could recognise
+ that the document is an HTML4-era document, and defer to an HTML4 conformance checker.)</p>
+
+ <p>Append a <code><a href=#documenttype>DocumentType</a></code> node to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node, with the <code title="">name</code> attribute set to the name given in the DOCTYPE token, or the empty string
+ if the name was missing; the <code title="">publicId</code> attribute set to the public
+ identifier given in the DOCTYPE token, or the empty string if the public identifier was missing;
+ the <code title="">systemId</code> attribute set to the system identifier given in the DOCTYPE
+ token, or the empty string if the system identifier was missing; and the other attributes
+ specific to <code><a href=#documenttype>DocumentType</a></code> objects set to null and empty lists as appropriate.
+ Associate the <code><a href=#documenttype>DocumentType</a></code> node with the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object so that it is
+ returned as the value of the <code title="">doctype</code> attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p id=quirks-mode-doctypes>Then, if the document is <em>not</em> <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code>
+ <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a>, and the DOCTYPE token matches
+ one of the conditions in the following list, then set the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> to <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks
+ mode</a>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li> The <i>force-quirks flag</i> is set to <i>on</i>. </li>
+ <li> The name is set to anything other than "<code title="">html</code>" (compared <a href=#case-sensitive title=case-sensitive>case-sensitively</a>). </li>
+ <li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML Strict 3.0//EN//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-/W3C/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional/EN</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">HTML</code>" </li>
+ <li> The system identifier is set to: "<code title="">http://www.ibm.com/data/dtd/v11/ibmxhtml1-transitional.dtd</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">+//Silmaril//dtd html Pro v0r11 19970101//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//AS//DTD HTML 3.0 asWedit + extensions//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//AdvaSoft Ltd//DTD HTML 3.0 asWedit + extensions//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 1//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 2//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 1//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 2//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.1E//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.0//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.2//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 0//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 1//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 2//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 3//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 0//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 1//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 2//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 3//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Metrius//DTD Metrius Presentational//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 2.0 HTML Strict//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 2.0 HTML//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 2.0 Tables//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 3.0 HTML Strict//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 3.0 HTML//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 3.0 Tables//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Netscape Comm. Corp.//DTD HTML//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Netscape Comm. Corp.//DTD Strict HTML//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//O'Reilly and Associates//DTD HTML 2.0//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//O'Reilly and Associates//DTD HTML Extended 1.0//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//O'Reilly and Associates//DTD HTML Extended Relaxed 1.0//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//SQ//DTD HTML 2.0 HoTMetaL + extensions//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//SoftQuad Software//DTD HoTMetaL PRO 6.0::19990601::extensions to HTML 4.0//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//SoftQuad//DTD HoTMetaL PRO 4.0::19971010::extensions to HTML 4.0//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Spyglass//DTD HTML 2.0 Extended//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Sun Microsystems Corp.//DTD HotJava HTML//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Sun Microsystems Corp.//DTD HotJava Strict HTML//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3 1995-03-24//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Draft//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2S Draft//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Frameset//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML Experimental 19960712//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML Experimental 970421//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 3.0//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//WebTechs//DTD Mozilla HTML 2.0//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//WebTechs//DTD Mozilla HTML//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The system identifier is missing and the public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The system identifier is missing and the public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//</code>" </li>
+ </ul><p>Otherwise, if the document is <em>not</em> <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a>, and the DOCTYPE token matches one of
+ the conditions in the following list, then set the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> to <a href=#limited-quirks-mode>limited-quirks
+ mode</a>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The system identifier is not missing and the public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//</code>" </li>
+ <li> The system identifier is not missing and the public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//</code>" </li>
+ </ul><p>The system identifier and public identifier strings must be compared to the values given in
+ the lists above in an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> manner. A system identifier whose
+ value is the empty string is not considered missing for the purposes of the conditions
+ above.</p>
+
+ <p>Then, switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#the-before-html-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: before
+ html">before html</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the document is <em>not</em> <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a>, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; set the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> to <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>In any case, switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#the-before-html-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: before
+ html">before html</a>", then reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=the-before-html-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.2 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: before html">before html</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#the-before-html-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: before
+ html">before html</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a> as the last child of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C
+ FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#create-an-element-for-the-token>Create an element for the token</a> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>, with the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> as the intended parent. Append it to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object. Put
+ this element in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p id=parser-appcache>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is being loaded as part of <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> of a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, then: if the newly
+ created element has a <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code> attribute whose value is
+ not the empty string, then <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolve</a> the value of that
+ attribute to an <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>, relative to the newly created element, and if that is
+ successful, run the <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>application cache selection
+ algorithm</a> with the result of applying the <a href=#concept-url-serializer title=concept-url-serializer>URL
+ serializer</a> algorithm to the resulting <a href=#parsed-url>parsed URL</a> with the <i>exclude
+ fragment flag</i> set; otherwise, if there is no such attribute, or its value is the empty
+ string, or resolving its value fails, run the <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>application
+ cache selection algorithm</a> with no manifest. The algorithm must be passed the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#the-before-head-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: before head">before
+ head</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "head", "body", "html", "br"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Create an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element whose <code title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><a href=#dom-node-ownerdocument>ownerDocument</a></code> is the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object. Append
+ it to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object. Put this element in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is being loaded as part of <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> of a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, then: run the <a href=#concept-appcache-init title=concept-appcache-init>application cache selection algorithm</a> with no manifest,
+ passing it the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#the-before-head-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: before head">before
+ head</a>", then reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The root element can end up being removed from the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, e.g. by
+ scripts; nothing in particular happens in such cases, content continues being appended to the
+ nodes as described in the next section.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=the-before-head-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.3 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: before head">before head</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#the-before-head-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: before
+ head">before head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
+ TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
+ U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Ignore the token.</p> <!-- :-( -->
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "head"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#head-element-pointer><code title="">head</code> element pointer</a> to the newly created
+ <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in head">in
+ head</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "head", "body", "html", "br"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- fake <head> -->
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for a "head" start tag token with no attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#head-element-pointer><code title="">head</code> element pointer</a> to the newly created
+ <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in head">in
+ head</a>".</p>
+
+ <!-- end of fake <head> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the current token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=parsing-main-inhead><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.4 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in head">in head</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in head">in
+ head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
+ TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
+ U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert the character</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "base", "basefont",
+ "bgsound", "link"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately pop the <a href=#current-node>current
+ node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing
+ flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "meta"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately pop the <a href=#current-node>current
+ node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing
+ flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
+
+ <p id=meta-charset-during-parse>If the element has a <code title=attr-meta-charset><a href=#attr-meta-charset>charset</a></code> attribute, and <a href=#getting-an-encoding>getting an encoding</a> from
+ its value results in a supported <a href=#ascii-compatible-character-encoding>ASCII-compatible character encoding</a> or <a href=#a-utf-16-encoding>a
+ UTF-16 encoding</a>, and the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> is
+ currently <i>tentative</i>, then <a href=#change-the-encoding>change the encoding</a> to the resulting encoding.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the element has an <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code>
+ attribute whose value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">Content-Type</code>", and the element has a <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code> attribute, and applying the <a href=#algorithm-for-extracting-a-character-encoding-from-a-meta-element>algorithm for
+ extracting a character encoding from a <code>meta</code> element</a> to that attribute's
+ value returns a supported <a href=#ascii-compatible-character-encoding>ASCII-compatible character encoding</a> or <a href=#a-utf-16-encoding>a UTF-16
+ encoding</a>, and the <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> is
+ currently <i>tentative</i>, then <a href=#change-the-encoding>change the encoding</a> to the extracted encoding.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "title"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Follow the <a href=#generic-rcdata-element-parsing-algorithm>generic RCDATA element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noscript", if the <a href=#scripting-flag>scripting flag</a> is enabled</dt>
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "noframes", "style"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Follow the <a href=#generic-raw-text-element-parsing-algorithm>generic raw text element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noscript", if the <a href=#scripting-flag>scripting flag</a> is disabled</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inheadnoscript title="insertion mode: in head noscript">in
+ head noscript</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt id=scriptTag>A start tag whose tag name is "script"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let the <var title="">adjusted insertion location</var> be the <a href=#appropriate-place-for-inserting-a-node>appropriate place
+ for inserting a node</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-an-element-for-the-token>Create an element for the token</a> in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>, with
+ the intended parent being the element in which the <var title="">adjusted insertion
+ location</var> finds itself.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Mark the element as being <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a> and unset the element's
+ <a href=#force-async>"force-async"</a> flag.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This ensures that, if the script is external, any <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> calls in the script will execute in-line,
+ instead of blowing the document away, as would happen in most other cases. It also prevents
+ the script from executing until the end tag is seen.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If the parser was originally created for the <a href=#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm>HTML fragment parsing
+ algorithm</a>, then mark the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element as <a href=#already-started>"already started"</a>.
+ (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Insert the newly created element at the <var title="">adjusted insertion
+ location</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Push the element onto the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> so that it is the new
+ <a href=#current-node>current node</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Switch the tokenizer to the <a href=#script-data-state>script data state</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <a href=#original-insertion-mode>original insertion mode</a> be the current <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-incdata title="insertion mode:
+ text">text</a>".</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "head"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (which will be the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element) off the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#the-after-head-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: after head">after
+ head</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "html", "br"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "template"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Insert a marker at the end of the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intemplate title="insertion mode: in template">in
+ template</a>".</p>
+
+ <p>Push "<a href=#parsing-main-intemplate title="insertion mode: in template">in template</a>" onto the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of
+ template insertion modes</a> so that it is the new <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion
+ mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "template"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If there is no <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, then
+ this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>
+ element has been popped from the stack.</li>
+
+ <li><a href=#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker>Clear the list of active formatting elements up to the last marker</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop the <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion mode</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template
+ insertion modes</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately>Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "head"</dt>
+ <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- can't get here with an EOF and a fragment case -->
+
+ <!-- start of fake </head> -->
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (which will be the <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element) off the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#the-after-head-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: after head">after
+ head</a>".</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </head> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=parsing-main-inheadnoscript><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.5 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in head noscript">in head noscript</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-inheadnoscript title="insertion mode: in head
+ noscript">in head noscript</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the
+ token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "noscript"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (which will be a <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element) from the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>; the new <a href=#current-node>current node</a> will be a
+ <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in head">in
+ head</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C
+ FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "basefont", "bgsound", "link", "meta", "noframes",
+ "style"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in
+ head">in head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "br"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "head", "noscript"</dt>
+ <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- can't get here with an EOF and a fragment case -->
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake </noscript> -->
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (which will be a <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element) from the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>; the new <a href=#current-node>current node</a> will be a
+ <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in head">in
+ head</a>".</p>
+ <!-- end fake </noscript> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=the-after-head-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.6 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after head">after head</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#the-after-head-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: after
+ head">after head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
+ TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
+ U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert the character</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "body"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in
+ body</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "frameset"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inframeset title="insertion mode: in frameset">in
+ frameset</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "base", "basefont", "bgsound", "link", "meta",
+ "noframes", "script", "style", "template", "title"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Push the node pointed to by the <a href=#head-element-pointer><code title="">head</code> element pointer</a> onto
+ the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in
+ head">in head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Remove the node pointed to by the <a href=#head-element-pointer><code title="">head</code> element pointer</a>
+ from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>. (It might not be the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> at
+ this point.)</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#head-element-pointer><code title="">head</code> element pointer</a> cannot be null at
+ this point.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "template"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in
+ head">in head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "html", "br"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "head"</dt>
+ <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- fake <body>, but without resetting frameset-ok -->
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for a "body" start tag token with no attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in
+ body</a>".</p>
+ <!-- end fake <body> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the current token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=parsing-main-inbody><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.7 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in body">in body</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in
+ body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token that is U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <!-- The D-Link DSL-G604T ADSL router has a zero byte in its
+ configuration UI before a <frameset>, which is why U+0000 is
+ special-cased here.
+ refs: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=563526
+ http://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=9659
+ -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION,
+ U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE
+ RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert the token's character</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other character token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert the token's character</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If there is a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, then
+ ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, for each attribute on the token, check to see if the attribute is already present
+ on the top element of the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>. If it is not, add the attribute
+ and its corresponding value to that element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "base", "basefont", "bgsound", "link", "meta",
+ "noframes", "script", "style", "template", "title"</dt>
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "template"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in
+ head">in head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "body"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the second element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>
+ element, if the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> has only one node on it, or if there is a
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, then ignore the token.
+ (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok"; then, for each attribute on the
+ token, check to see if the attribute is already present on the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element (the
+ second element) on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, and if it is not, add the attribute
+ and its corresponding value to that element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "frameset"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> has only one node on it, or if the second element
+ on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element, then ignore the
+ token. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> is set to "not ok", ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Remove the second element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> from its parent
+ node, if it has one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop all the nodes from the bottom of the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, from the
+ <a href=#current-node>current node</a> up to, but not including, the root <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inframeset title="insertion mode: in frameset">in
+ frameset</a>".</p>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If there is a node in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> that is not either a
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element, an <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>
+ element, a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element,
+ a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element, or the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>.</p> <!-- (some of those are fragment cases) -->
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template insertion modes</a> is not empty, then process the token
+ <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-intemplate title="insertion mode: in template">in
+ template</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+ <!-- this is needed to handle <head><template>...[EOF] - otherwise we don't construct the <body> element -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#stop-parsing>stop parsing</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "body"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in
+ scope">have a <code>body</code> element in scope</a>, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>;
+ ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <!-- if we get here, the insertion mode here is forcibly "in body". -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if there is a node in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> that is not either a
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element, an <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element, an
+ <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element, an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element, an
+ <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element, an <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element, a
+ <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element, a
+ <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element, or the
+ <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p> <!-- (some of those are
+ fragment cases, e.g. for <tbody> you'd have hit the first paragraph since the <body> wouldn't be
+ in scope, unless it was a fragment case) -->
+
+ <!-- If we ever change the frameset-ok flag to an insertion mode, then we'd have to somehow keep
+ track of its state when we switch to after-body. -->
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-afterbody title="insertion mode: after body">after
+ body</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- fake </body> -->
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in
+ scope">have a <code>body</code> element in scope</a>, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>;
+ ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <!-- if we get here, the insertion mode here is forcibly "in body". -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if there is a node in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> that is not either a
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element, an <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element, an
+ <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element, an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element, an
+ <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> element, an <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element, a
+ <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element, a
+ <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code> element, a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element, the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element, or the
+ <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p> <!-- (some of those are
+ fragment cases, e.g. for <tbody> you'd have hit the first paragraph since the <body> wouldn't be
+ in scope, unless it was a fragment case) -->
+
+ <!-- If we ever change the frameset-ok flag to an insertion mode, then we'd have to somehow keep
+ track of its state when we switch to after-body. -->
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-afterbody title="insertion mode: after body">after
+ body</a>".</p>
+ <!-- end fake </body> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- start tags for non-phrasing flow content elements -->
+
+ <!-- the normal ones -->
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "address", "article", "aside", "blockquote", "center",
+ "details", "dialog", "dir", "div", "dl", "fieldset", "figcaption", "figure", "footer", "header",
+ "hgroup", "main", "menu", "nav", "ol", "p", "section", "summary", "ul"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- As of May 2008 this doesn't match any browser exactly, but is as close to what IE does as I
+ can get without doing the non-tree DOM nonsense, and thus should actually afford better
+ compatibility when implemented by the other browsers. -->
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in button scope">has a
+ <code>p</code> element in button scope</a>, then <a href=#close-a-p-element>close a <code>p</code>
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- as normal, but close h1-h6 if it's the current node -->
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4",
+ "h5", "h6"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in button scope">has a
+ <code>p</code> element in button scope</a>, then <a href=#close-a-p-element>close a <code>p</code>
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a> whose
+ tag name is one of "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", or "h6", then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+ <!-- See https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12646 -->
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- as normal, but drops leading newline -->
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "pre", "listing"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in button scope">has
+ a <code>p</code> element in button scope</a>, then <a href=#close-a-p-element>close a <code>p</code>
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#next-token>next token</a> is a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character token, then ignore that
+ token and move on to the next one. (Newlines at the start of <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> blocks are ignored
+ as an authoring convenience.)</p>
+
+ <!-- <pre>[CR]X will eat the [CR], <pre>&#x10;X will eat the
+ &#x10;, but <pre>&#x13;X will not eat the &#x13;. -->
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- as normal, but interacts with the form element pointer -->
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "form"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title=form>form</code> element pointer</a> is not null, and there is
+ no <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in button scope">has
+ a <code>p</code> element in button scope</a>, then <a href=#close-a-p-element>close a <code>p</code>
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, and, if there is no <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>
+ element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, set the <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title=form>form</code> element pointer</a> to point to the element created.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- as normal, but imply </li> when there's another <li> open in weird cases -->
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "li"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</li>
+
+ <li><p>Initialise <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href=#current-node>current
+ node</a> (the bottommost node of the stack).</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">node</var> is an <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element, then run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- fake </li> --><li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>, except for <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> elements.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not an <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until an <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code>
+ element has been popped from the stack.</li>
+ <!-- end of fake </li> -->
+
+ <li><p>Jump to the step labeled <i>done</i> below.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is in the <a href=#special>special</a> category, but is not an
+ <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element, then jump to the step
+ labeled <i>done</i> below.</li>
+ <!-- an element <foo> is in this list if the following markup:
+
+ <!DOCTYPE html><body><ol><li><foo><li>
+
+ ...results in the second <li> not being (in any way) a descendant of the first <li>, or if
+ <foo> is a formatting element that gets reopened later. -->
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, set <var title="">node</var> to the previous entry in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a> and return to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Done</i>: If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in
+ button scope">has a <code>p</code> element in button scope</a>, then <a href=#close-a-p-element>close a
+ <code>p</code> element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Finally, <a href=#insert-an-html-element>insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <!-- as normal, but imply </dt> or </dd> when there's another <dt> or <dd> open in weird cases -->
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "dd", "dt"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</li>
+
+ <li><p>Initialise <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href=#current-node>current
+ node</a> (the bottommost node of the stack).</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element, then run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- fake </dd> --><li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>, except for <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> elements.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until a <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code>
+ element has been popped from the stack.</li>
+ <!-- end of fake </dd> -->
+
+ <li><p>Jump to the step labeled <i>done</i> below.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- fake </dt> --><li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>, except for <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> elements.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until a <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code>
+ element has been popped from the stack.</li>
+ <!-- end of fake </dt> -->
+
+ <li><p>Jump to the step labeled <i>done</i> below.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is in the <a href=#special>special</a> category, but is not an
+ <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element, then jump to the step
+ labeled <i>done</i> below.</li>
+ <!-- an element <foo> is in this list if the following markup:
+
+ <!DOCTYPE html><body><dl><dt><foo><dt>
+
+ ...results in the second <dt> not being (in any way) a descendant of the first <dt>, or if
+ <foo> is a formatting element that gets reopened later. -->
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, set <var title="">node</var> to the previous entry in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a> and return to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Done</i>: If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in
+ button scope">has a <code>p</code> element in button scope</a>, then <a href=#close-a-p-element>close a
+ <code>p</code> element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Finally, <a href=#insert-an-html-element>insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <!-- same as normal, but effectively ends parsing -->
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "plaintext"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in button scope">has a
+ <code>p</code> element in button scope</a>, then <a href=#close-a-p-element>close a <code>p</code>
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the tokenizer to the <a href=#plaintext-state>PLAINTEXT state</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Once a start tag with the tag name "plaintext" has been seen, that will be the
+ last token ever seen other than character tokens (and the end-of-file token), because there is
+ no way to switch out of the <a href=#plaintext-state>PLAINTEXT state</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- button is a hybrid -->
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "button"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in scope">has a
+ <code>button</code> element in scope</a>, then run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until a <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>
+ element has been popped from the stack.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <!-- end tags for non-phrasing flow content elements (and button) -->
+
+ <!-- the normal ones -->
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "address", "article", "aside", "blockquote", "button",
+ "center", "details", "dialog", "dir", "div", "dl", "fieldset", "figcaption", "figure", "footer",
+ "header", "hgroup", "listing", "main", "menu", "nav", "ol", "pre", "section", "summary",
+ "ul"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in
+ scope">have an element in scope</a> that is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> and with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a> with
+ the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML
+ elements">HTML element</a> with the same tag name as the token has been popped from the
+ stack.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <!-- removes the form element pointer instead of the matching node -->
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "form"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If there is no <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, then
+ run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">node</var> be the element that the <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title="">form</code>
+ element pointer</a> is set to, or null if it is not set to an element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a> to null. Otherwise, let
+ <var title="">node</var> be null.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is null or if the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does
+ not <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in scope">have <var title="">node</var> in scope</a>, then
+ this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; abort these steps and ignore the token.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not <var title="">node</var>, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove <var title="">node</var> from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>If there <em>is</em> a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>, then run these substeps instead:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in
+ scope">have a <code>form</code> element in scope</a>, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; abort these steps and ignore the token.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ element has been popped from the stack.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <!-- as normal, except </p> implies <p> if there's no <p> in scope, and needs care as the elements have optional tags -->
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "p"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in button
+ scope">have a <code>p</code> element in button scope</a>, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; <a href=#insert-an-html-element>insert an HTML element</a> for a "p" start tag token with no
+ attributes.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#close-a-p-element>Close a <code>p</code> element</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- as normal, but needs care as the elements have optional tags, and are further scoped by <ol>/<ul> -->
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "li"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-list-item-scope title="has an element in list item
+ scope">have an <code>li</code> element in list item scope</a>, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>, except for <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> elements.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not an <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until an <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code>
+ element has been popped from the stack.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <!-- as normal, but needs care as the elements have optional tags -->
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "dd", "dt"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in
+ scope">have an element in scope</a> that is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> and with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>, except for <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> with the
+ same tag name as the token.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML
+ elements">HTML element</a> with the same tag name as the token has been popped from the
+ stack.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <!-- as normal, except acts as a closer for any of the h1-h6 elements -->
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in
+ scope">have an element in scope</a> that is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> and whose tag name is one of "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", or "h6", then this is
+ a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML
+ elements">HTML element</a> whose tag name is one of "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", or "h6"
+ has been popped from the stack.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <!-- see also applet/marquee/object lower down -->
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "sarcasm"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Take a deep breath, then act as described in the "any other end
+ tag" entry below.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- ADOPTION AGENCY ELEMENTS
+ Mozilla-only: bdo blink del ins sub sup q
+ Safari-only: code dfn kbd nobr samp var wbr
+ Both: a b big em font i s small strike strong tt u -->
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "a"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a> contains an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element
+ between the end of the list and the last marker on the list (or the start of the list if there
+ is no marker on the list), then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; run the <a href=#adoption-agency-algorithm>adoption
+ agency algorithm</a> for the tag name "a", then remove that element from the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of
+ active formatting elements</a> and the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> if the
+ <a href=#adoption-agency-algorithm>adoption agency algorithm</a> didn't already remove it (it might not have if the
+ element is not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table scope">in table scope</a>).</p>
+
+ <p class=example>In the non-conforming stream
+ <code>&lt;a&nbsp;href="a"&gt;a&lt;table&gt;&lt;a&nbsp;href="b"&gt;b&lt;/table&gt;x</code>, the first
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element would be closed upon seeing the second one, and the "x" character would
+ be inside a link to "b", not to "a". This is despite the fact that the outer <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>
+ element is not in table scope (meaning that a regular <code>&lt;/a&gt;</code> end tag at the start
+ of the table wouldn't close the outer <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element). The result is that the two
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements are indirectly nested inside each other &mdash; non-conforming markup
+ will often result in non-conforming DOMs when parsed.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. <a href=#push-onto-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements>Push onto the list of active
+ formatting elements</a> that element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "b", "big", "code", "em",
+ "font", "i", "s", "small", "strike", "strong", "tt", "u"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. <a href=#push-onto-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements>Push onto the list of active
+ formatting elements</a> that element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "nobr"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in scope">has a
+ <code>nobr</code> element in scope</a>, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; run the
+ <a href=#adoption-agency-algorithm>adoption agency algorithm</a> for the tag name "nobr", then once again
+ <a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. <a href=#push-onto-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements>Push onto the list of active
+ formatting elements</a> that element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "a",
+ "b", "big", "code", "em", "font", "i", "nobr", "s", "small",
+ "strike", "strong", "tt", "u"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run the <a href=#adoption-agency-algorithm>adoption agency algorithm</a> for the token's tag name.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "applet", "marquee", "object"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Insert a marker at the end of the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag token whose tag name is one of: "applet", "marquee", "object"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in
+ scope">have an element in scope</a> that is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> and with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML
+ elements">HTML element</a> with the same tag name as the token has been popped from the
+ stack.</li>
+
+ <li><a href=#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker>Clear the list of active formatting elements up to the last marker</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is <em>not</em> set to <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, and the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in button scope">has a
+ <code>p</code> element in button scope</a>, then <a href=#close-a-p-element>close a <code>p</code>
+ element</a>.</p> <!-- i hate myself (this quirk was basically caused by acid2; if i'd
+ realised we could change the specs when i wrote acid2, we could have avoided having any
+ parsing-mode quirks) -Hixie -->
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in
+ table</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "br"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Drop the attributes from the token, and act as described in the
+ next entry; i.e. act as if this was a "br" start tag token with no attributes, rather than the
+ end tag token that it actually is.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- do not insert things here, since the previous entry refers to the next entry -->
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "area", "br", "embed",
+ "img", "keygen", "wbr"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately pop the <a href=#current-node>current
+ node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing
+ flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+ <!-- shouldn't really do this for <area> -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "input"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately pop the <a href=#current-node>current
+ node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing
+ flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
+
+ <p>If the token does not have an attribute with the name "type", or if it does, but that
+ attribute's value is not an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">hidden</code>", then: set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "menuitem", "param", "source", "track"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately pop the <a href=#current-node>current
+ node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing
+ flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "hr"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in button scope">has a
+ <code>p</code> element in button scope</a>, then <a href=#close-a-p-element>close a <code>p</code>
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately pop the <a href=#current-node>current
+ node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing
+ flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "image"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <!-- As of 2005-12, studies showed that around 0.2% of pages used the <image> element. -->
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Change the token's tag name to "img" and reprocess it. (Don't
+ ask.)</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt id=isindex>A start tag whose tag name is "isindex"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If there is no <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> and
+ the <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a> is not null, then ignore the
+ token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing
+ flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p> <!-- purely to reduce the number of errors (we don't care if
+ they included the /, they're not supposed to be including the tag at all! -->
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ <!-- fake <form> -->
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in button scope">has a
+ <code>p</code> element in button scope</a>, then <a href=#close-a-p-element>close a <code>p</code>
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for a "form" start tag token with no attributes, and, if
+ there is no <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, set the
+ <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title=form>form</code> element pointer</a> to point to the element
+ created.</p>
+
+ <p>If the token has an attribute called "action", set the <code title=attr-fs-action><a href=#attr-fs-action>action</a></code> attribute on the resulting <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element to the
+ value of the "action" attribute of the token.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake <hr> -->
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for an "hr" start tag token with no attributes.
+ Immediately pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake <label> -->
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for a "label" start tag token with no attributes.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake text -->
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert characters</a> (see below for <a href=#attr-isindex-prompt title=attr-isindex-prompt>what they should say</a>).</p>
+
+ <!-- fake <input> -->
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for an "input" start tag token with all the attributes
+ from the "isindex" token except "name", "action", and "prompt", and with an attribute named
+ "name" with the value "isindex". (This creates an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element with the <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code> attribute set to the magic value "<code title=attr-fe-name-isindex><a href=#attr-fe-name-isindex>isindex</a></code>".) Immediately pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off
+ the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake text -->
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert more characters</a> (see below for <a href=#attr-isindex-prompt title=attr-isindex-prompt>what they should say</a>).</p>
+
+ <!-- fake </label> -->
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (which will be the <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code> element created
+ earlier) off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake <hr> -->
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for an "hr" start tag token with no attributes.
+ Immediately pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake </form> -->
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (which will be the <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element created
+ earlier) off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, and, if there is no <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>
+ element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, set the <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title=form>form</code> element pointer</a> back to null.</p>
+
+ <!-- explanation of text -->
+ <p><dfn id=attr-isindex-prompt title=attr-isindex-prompt><strong>Prompt</strong></dfn>: If the token has an attribute
+ with the name "prompt", then the first stream of characters must be the same string as given in
+ that attribute, and the second stream of characters must be empty. Otherwise, the two streams of
+ character tokens together should, together with the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element, express the
+ equivalent of "This is a searchable index. Enter search keywords: (input field)" in the user's
+ preferred language.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "textarea"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#next-token>next token</a> is a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character token, then ignore
+ that token and move on to the next one. (Newlines at the start of <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ elements are ignored as an authoring convenience.)</li>
+
+ <!-- see comment in <pre> start tag bit -->
+
+ <li><p>Switch the tokenizer to the <a href=#rcdata-state>RCDATA state</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <a href=#original-insertion-mode>original insertion mode</a> be the current <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</li>
+
+ <li><p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-incdata title="insertion mode:
+ text">text</a>".</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "xmp"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-button-scope title="has an element in button scope">has a
+ <code>p</code> element in button scope</a>, then <a href=#close-a-p-element>close a <code>p</code>
+ element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ <p>Follow the <a href=#generic-raw-text-element-parsing-algorithm>generic raw text element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "iframe"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ <p>Follow the <a href=#generic-raw-text-element-parsing-algorithm>generic raw text element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noembed"</dt>
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noscript", if the <a href=#scripting-flag>scripting flag</a> is enabled</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Follow the <a href=#generic-raw-text-element-parsing-algorithm>generic raw text element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "select"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> is one of "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in
+ table</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-incaption title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>", "<a href=#parsing-main-intr title="insertion mode: in
+ row">in row</a>", or "<a href=#parsing-main-intd title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</a>", then switch the
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inselectintable title="insertion mode: in select in table">in select in
+ table</a>". Otherwise, switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inselect title="insertion
+ mode: in select">in select</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "optgroup", "option"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element, then pop the
+ <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "rp", "rt"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- the parsing rules for ruby really don't match IE much at all, but in practice the markup
+ used is very simple and so strict compatibility with IE isn't required. For example, as
+ defined here we get very, very different behaviour than IE for pathological cases like:
+
+ <ruby><ol><li><p>a<rt>b
+ <ruby>a<rt>b<p>c
+
+ But in practice most ruby markup falls into these cases:
+
+ <ruby>a<rt>b</ruby>
+ <ruby>a<rp>b<rt>c<rp>d</ruby>
+ <ruby>a<rt>b</rt></ruby>
+ <ruby>a<rp>b</rp><rt>c</rt><rp>d</rp></ruby>
+
+ (Note: the comment above was written when this section did something slightly more radical
+ for handling <rp> and <rt> elements, so it might be out of date now.)
+
+ -->
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in scope">has a
+ <code>ruby</code> element in scope</a>, then <a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>generate implied end tags</a>. If the
+ <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not then a <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "math"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#adjust-mathml-attributes>Adjust MathML attributes</a> for the token. (This fixes the case of MathML
+ attributes that are not all lowercase.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#adjust-foreign-attributes>Adjust foreign attributes</a> for the token. (This fixes the use of namespaced
+ attributes, in particular XLink.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-foreign-element>Insert a foreign element</a> for the token, in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML
+ namespace</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- If we ever change the frameset-ok flag to an insertion mode, the following change would be
+ implied, except we'd have to do it even in the face of a self-closed tag:
+ <p>Set the <span>frameset-ok flag</span> to "not ok".</p>
+ -->
+
+ <p>If the token has its <i>self-closing flag</i> set, pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> and <a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">acknowledge
+ the token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "svg"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#adjust-svg-attributes>Adjust SVG attributes</a> for the token. (This fixes the case of SVG attributes that
+ are not all lowercase.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#adjust-foreign-attributes>Adjust foreign attributes</a> for the token. (This fixes the use of namespaced
+ attributes, in particular XLink in SVG.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-foreign-element>Insert a foreign element</a> for the token, in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- If we ever change the frameset-ok flag to an insertion mode, the following change would be
+ implied, except we'd have to do it even in the face of a self-closed tag:
+ <p>Set the <span>frameset-ok flag</span> to "not ok".</p>
+ -->
+
+ <p>If the token has its <i>self-closing flag</i> set, pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> and <a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">acknowledge
+ the token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start <!--or end--> tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col", "colgroup", "frame",
+ "head", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th", "thead", "tr"</dt>
+ <!--<dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "area", "base", "basefont", "bgsound", "embed",
+ "hr", "iframe", "image", "img", "input", "isindex", "keygen", "link", "menuitem", "meta",
+ "noembed", "noframes", "param", "script", "select", "source", "style", "table", "textarea",
+ "title", "track", "wbr"</dt>-->
+ <!--<dt>An end tag whose tag name is "noscript", if the <span>scripting flag</span> is
+ enabled</dt>-->
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <!-- end tags are commented out because since they can never end up on the stack anyway, the
+ default end tag clause will automatically handle them. we don't want to have text in the spec
+ that is just an optimisation, as that detracts from the spec itself -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other start tag</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements>Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if any.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This element will be an <a href=#ordinary>ordinary</a>
+ element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Initialise <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (the bottommost
+ node of the stack).</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">node</var> is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> with the same tag name as the token, then:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>, except for <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> with the
+ same tag name as the token.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is not the <a href=#current-node>current node</a>, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop all the nodes from the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> up to <var title="">node</var>,
+ including <var title="">node</var>, then stop these steps.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if <var title="">node</var> is in the <a href=#special>special</a> category, then
+ this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; ignore the token, and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">node</var> to the previous entry in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the steps above say the user agent is to <dfn id=close-a-p-element>close a <code>p</code> element</dfn>, it
+ means that the user agent must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- prereq: p in scope --><li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>, except for <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> elements.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until a <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element
+ has been popped from the stack.</li>
+
+ </ol><!-- AAA --><p id=adoptionAgency>The <dfn id=adoption-agency-algorithm>adoption agency algorithm</dfn>, which takes as its only argument
+ a tag name <var title="">subject</var> for which the algorithm is being run, consists of the
+ following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- don't forget about the noah's ark clause when looking at this algorithm! --><li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML element</a>
+ whose tag name is <var title="">subject</var>, and the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not in the
+ <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>, then pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, and abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">outer loop counter</var> be zero.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Outer loop</i>: If <var title="">outer loop counter</var> is greater than or equal to
+ eight, then abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment <var title="">outer loop counter</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">formatting element</var> be the last element in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active
+ formatting elements</a> that:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>is between the end of the list and the last scope marker in the list, if any, or the start
+ of the list otherwise, and</li>
+
+ <li>has the tag name <var title="">subject</var>.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>If there is no such element, then abort these steps and instead act as described in the "any
+ other end tag" entry above.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">formatting element</var> is not in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; remove the element from the list, and
+ abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">formatting element</var> is in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>,
+ but the element is not <a href=#has-an-element-in-scope title="has an element in scope">in scope</a>, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <!-- at this point, <var title="">formatting element</var> is in <span title="stack of open
+ elements">the stack</span> and <span title="list of active formatting elements">the
+ list</span>, and is <span title="has an element in scope">in scope</span>. -->
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">formatting element</var> is not the <a href=#current-node>current node</a>, this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>. (But do not abort these steps.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">furthest block</var> be the topmost node in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a> that is lower in the stack than <var title="">formatting element</var>, and is an
+ element in the <a href=#special>special</a> category. There might not be one.</li>
+
+ <!-- <html> ... <formatting element> ... <furthest block> ... <current node> -->
+
+ <li><p>If there is no <var title="">furthest block</var>, then the UA must first pop all the
+ nodes from the bottom of the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, from the <a href=#current-node>current
+ node</a> up to and including <var title="">formatting element</var>, then remove <var title="">formatting element</var> from the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>, and
+ finally abort these steps.</li> <!-- the "reconstruct the active formatting elements"
+ algorithm will rebuild them later -->
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">common ancestor</var> be the element immediately above <var title="">formatting element</var> in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <!-- <html> ... <common ancestor> <formatting element> ... <furthest block> ... <current node> -->
+
+ <li><p>Let a bookmark note the position of <var title="">formatting element</var> in the
+ <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a> relative to the elements on either side of it in
+ the list.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">node</var> and <var title="">last node</var> be <var title="">furthest
+ block</var>. Follow these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">inner loop counter</var> be zero.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Inner loop</i>: Increment <var title="">inner loop counter</var> by one.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">node</var> be the element immediately above <var title="">node</var>
+ in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, or if <var title="">node</var> is no longer in the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> (e.g. because it got removed by this algorithm<!-- in
+ particular, the step labeled "removal" below -->), the element that was immediately above <var title="">node</var> in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> before <var title="">node</var>
+ was removed.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is <var title="">formatting element</var>, then go to the
+ next step in the overall algorithm.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">inner loop counter</var> is greater than three and <var title="">node</var> is in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>, then remove <var title="">node</var> from the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><!-- "removal" step: -->If <var title="">node</var> is not in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active
+ formatting elements</a>, then remove <var title="">node</var> from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a> and then go back to the step labeled <i>inner loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-an-element-for-the-token>Create an element for the token</a> for which the element <var title="">node</var> was created, in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>, with <var title="">common
+ ancestor</var> as the intended parent; replace the entry for <var title="">node</var> in the
+ <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a> with an entry for the new element, replace the
+ entry for <var title="">node</var> in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> with an entry for
+ the new element, and let <var title="">node</var> be the new element.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">last node</var> is <var title="">furthest block</var>, then move the
+ aforementioned bookmark to be immediately after the new <var title="">node</var> in the
+ <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Insert <var title="">last node</var> into <var title="">node</var>, first removing it
+ from its previous parent node if any.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">last node</var> be <var title="">node</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Return to the step labeled <i>inner loop</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>Insert whatever <var title="">last node</var> ended up being in the previous step at the
+ <a href=#appropriate-place-for-inserting-a-node>appropriate place for inserting a node</a>, but using <var title="">common
+ ancestor</var> as the <i>override target</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#create-an-element-for-the-token>Create an element for the token</a> for which <var title="">formatting
+ element</var> was created, in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>, with <var title="">furthest
+ block</var> as the intended parent.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Take all of the child nodes of <var title="">furthest block</var> and append them to the
+ element created in the last step.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Append that new element to <var title="">furthest block</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove <var title="">formatting element</var> from the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting
+ elements</a>, and insert the new element into the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting
+ elements</a> at the position of the aforementioned bookmark.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove <var title="">formatting element</var> from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>, and insert the new element into the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>
+ immediately below the position of <var title="">furthest block</var> in that stack.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Jump back to the step labeled <i>outer loop</i>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>This algorithm's name, the "adoption agency algorithm", comes from the way it
+ causes elements to change parents, and is in contrast with other possible algorithms for dealing
+ with misnested content, which included the "incest algorithm", the "secret affair algorithm", and
+ the "Heisenberg algorithm".</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=parsing-main-incdata><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.8 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: text">text</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-incdata title="insertion mode:
+ text">text</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert the token's character</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This can never be a U+0000 NULL character; the tokenizer converts those to
+ U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER characters.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- can't be the fragment case -->
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element, mark the
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element as <a href=#already-started>"already started"</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to the <a href=#original-insertion-mode>original insertion mode</a> and
+ reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt id=scriptEndTag>An end tag whose tag name is "script"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-script-settings-objects>stack of script settings objects</a> is empty, <a href=#perform-a-microtask-checkpoint>perform a microtask checkpoint</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">script</var> be the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (which will be a
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element).</p>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to the <a href=#original-insertion-mode>original insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let the <var title="">old insertion point</var> have the same value as the current
+ <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a>. Let the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> be just before the <a href=#next-input-character>next
+ input character</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Increment the parser's <a href=#script-nesting-level>script nesting level</a> by one.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#prepare-a-script title="prepare a script">Prepare</a> the <var title="">script</var>. This might
+ cause some script to execute, which might cause <a href=#dom-document-write title=dom-document-write>new characters
+ to be inserted into the tokenizer</a>, and might cause the tokenizer to output more tokens,
+ resulting in a <a href=#nestedParsing>reentrant invocation of the parser</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Decrement the parser's <a href=#script-nesting-level>script nesting level</a> by one. If the parser's <a href=#script-nesting-level>script
+ nesting level</a> is zero, then set the <a href=#parser-pause-flag>parser pause flag</a> to false.</p>
+
+ <p>Let the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> have the value of the <var title="">old insertion
+ point</var>. (In other words, restore the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> to its previous value.
+ This value might be the "undefined" value.)</p>
+
+ <p id=scriptTagParserResumes>At this stage, if there is a <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking
+ script</a>, then:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the <a href=#script-nesting-level>script nesting level</a> is not zero:</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#parser-pause-flag>parser pause flag</a> to true, and abort the processing of any nested
+ invocations of the tokenizer, yielding control back to the caller. (Tokenization will resume
+ when the caller returns to the "outer" tree construction stage.)</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The tree construction stage of this particular parser is <a href=#nestedParsing>being called reentrantly</a>, say from a call to <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise:</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">the script</var> be the <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking
+ script</a>. There is no longer a <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking script</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Block the <a href=#tokenization title=tokenization>tokenizer</a> for this instance of the
+ <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>, such that the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a> will not run <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> that invoke the <a href=#tokenization title=tokenization>tokenizer</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the parser's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <a href=#has-a-style-sheet-that-is-blocking-scripts>has a style sheet that is blocking
+ scripts</a> or <var title="">the script</var>'s <a href=#ready-to-be-parser-executed>"ready to be parser-executed"</a>
+ flag is not set: <a href=#spin-the-event-loop>spin the event loop</a> until the parser's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ <a href=#has-no-style-sheet-that-is-blocking-scripts>has no style sheet that is blocking scripts</a> and <var title="">the script</var>'s
+ <a href=#ready-to-be-parser-executed>"ready to be parser-executed"</a> flag is set.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If this <a href=#abort-a-parser title="abort a parser">parser has been aborted</a> in the meantime,
+ abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This could happen if, e.g., while the <a href=#spin-the-event-loop>spin the event loop</a>
+ algorithm is running, the <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> gets closed, or the <code title=dom-document-open><a href=#dom-document-open>document.open()</a></code> method gets invoked on the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Unblock the <a href=#tokenization title=tokenization>tokenizer</a> for this instance of the
+ <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>, such that <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> that invoke the
+ <a href=#tokenization title=tokenization>tokenizer</a> can again be run.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> be just before the <a href=#next-input-character>next input
+ character</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Increment the parser's <a href=#script-nesting-level>script nesting level</a> by one (it should be zero
+ before this step, so this sets it to one).</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#execute-the-script-block title="execute the script block">Execute</a> <var title="">the
+ script</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Decrement the parser's <a href=#script-nesting-level>script nesting level</a> by one. If the parser's
+ <a href=#script-nesting-level>script nesting level</a> is zero (which it always should be at this point), then set
+ the <a href=#parser-pause-flag>parser pause flag</a> to false.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Let the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> be undefined again.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If there is once again a <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking script</a>, then repeat
+ these steps from step 1.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to the <a href=#original-insertion-mode>original insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=parsing-main-intable><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.9 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in table">in table</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in
+ table</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token, if the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Let the <dfn id=pending-table-character-tokens><var>pending table character tokens</var></dfn> be an empty list of tokens.</p>
+
+ <p>Let the <a href=#original-insertion-mode>original insertion mode</a> be the current <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intabletext title="insertion mode: in table text">in
+ table text</a>" and reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "caption"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context>Clear the stack back to a table context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <p>Insert a marker at the end of the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-incaption title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "colgroup"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context>Clear the stack back to a table context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-incolgroup title="insertion mode: in column group">in column group</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "col"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- fake <colgroup> -->
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context>Clear the stack back to a table context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for a "colgroup" start tag token with no attributes, then
+ switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-incolgroup title="insertion mode: in column group">in
+ column group</a>".</p>
+ <!-- end of fake <colgroup> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the current token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "tbody", "tfoot", "thead"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context>Clear the stack back to a table context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "td", "th", "tr"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- fake <colgroup> -->
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context>Clear the stack back to a table context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for a "tbody" start tag token with no attributes, then
+ switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in table
+ body</a>".</p>
+ <!-- end of fake <colgroup> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the current token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake </table> -->
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have a <code>table</code> element in table scope</a>, ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p>Pop elements from this stack until a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element has been popped from the
+ stack.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately>Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </table> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have a <code>table</code> element in table scope</a>, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p>Pop elements from this stack until a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element has been popped from the
+ stack.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately>Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "caption", "col", "colgroup", "html", "tbody",
+ "td", "tfoot", "th", "thead", "tr"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "style", "script", "template"</dt>
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "template"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "input"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the token does not have an attribute with the name "type", or if it does, but that
+ attribute's value is not an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">hidden</code>", then: act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Pop that <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing
+ flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "form"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If there is a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, or if
+ the <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title=form>form</code> element pointer</a> is not null, ignore the
+ token.</p> <!-- in a <template>, the <form> would have no effect and thus be a waste of time... -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, and set the <a href=#form-element-pointer><code title=form>form</code> element pointer</a> to point to the element created.</p>
+
+ <p>Pop that <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- "form" end tag falls through to in-body, which does the right thing -->
+
+ <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Enable <a href=#foster-parent title="foster parent">foster parenting</a>, process
+ the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in
+ body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, and then disable <a href=#foster-parent title="foster parent">foster
+ parenting</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the steps above require the UA to <dfn id=clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context>clear the stack back to a table context</dfn>, it
+ means that the UA must, while the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#current-node>current node</a> being an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element after this
+ process is a <a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h6 id=parsing-main-intabletext><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.10 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in table text">in table text</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-intabletext title="insertion mode: in table
+ text">in table text</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token that is U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Any other character token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Append the character token to the <var><a href=#pending-table-character-tokens>pending table character tokens</a></var> list.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- this can only be called if the current node is one of the table model elements -->
+
+ <p>If any of the tokens in the <var><a href=#pending-table-character-tokens>pending table character tokens</a></var> list are character
+ tokens that are not <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>, then reprocess the
+ character tokens in the <var><a href=#pending-table-character-tokens>pending table character tokens</a></var> list using the rules given in
+ the "anything else" entry in the "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>"
+ insertion mode.</p>
+
+ <!-- if there's active formatting elements, it'll recreate those and foster parent the top one
+ and then put the text nodes in the formatting elements; otherwise, it'll foster parent the
+ character tokens. -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">insert the characters</a> given by the
+ <var><a href=#pending-table-character-tokens>pending table character tokens</a></var> list.</p> <!-- i.e. inter-element whitespace in the
+ table model isn't foster parented -->
+
+ <!-- no need to empty the list, we're leaving the insertion mode and the list is always emptied
+ before we reenter the mode -->
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to the <a href=#original-insertion-mode>original insertion mode</a> and
+ reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=parsing-main-incaption><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.11 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-incaption title="insertion mode: in caption">in
+ caption</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>An end tag whose tag name is "caption"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have a <code>caption</code> element in table scope</a>, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; ignore the token. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Now, if the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Pop elements from this stack until a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element has been popped from the
+ stack.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker>Clear the list of active formatting elements up to the last marker</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in
+ table</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col", "colgroup", "tbody", "td", "tfoot",
+ "th", "thead", "tr"</dt> <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have a <code>caption</code> element in table scope</a>, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; ignore the token. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <!-- fake </caption> -->
+ <p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Now, if the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Pop elements from this stack until a <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element has been popped from the
+ stack.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker>Clear the list of active formatting elements up to the last marker</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in
+ table</a>".</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </caption> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "col", "colgroup", "html", "tbody", "td",
+ "tfoot", "th", "thead", "tr"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=parsing-main-incolgroup><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.12 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in column group">in column group</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-incolgroup title="insertion mode: in column
+ group">in column group</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token
+ as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C
+ FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert the character</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "col"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately pop the <a href=#current-node>current
+ node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing
+ flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "colgroup"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p> <!-- e.g. colgroup fragment case, or
+ <template><col></colgroup> -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.
+ Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in
+ table</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "col"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "template"</dt>
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "template"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in
+ head">in head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- fake </colgroup> -->
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p> <!-- e.g. colgroup fragment case, or
+ <template><col></colgroup> -->
+
+ <p>Otherwise, pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in
+ table</a>".</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </colgroup> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=parsing-main-intbody><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.13 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table
+ body">in table body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A start tag whose tag name is "tr"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context>Clear the stack back to a table body context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intr title="insertion mode: in row">in row</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "th", "td"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake </tr> -->
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context>Clear the stack back to a table body context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for a "tr" start tag token with no attributes, then
+ switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intr title="insertion mode: in row">in
+ row</a>".</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </tr> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the current token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "tbody", "tfoot",
+ "thead"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have an element in table scope</a> that is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> and with the same tag name as the token, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>;
+ ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context>Clear the stack back to a table body context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>. Switch the
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col",
+ "colgroup", "tbody", "tfoot", "thead"</dt>
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have a <code>tbody</code>, <code>thead</code>, or <code>tfoot</code> element in table
+ scope</a>, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context>Clear the stack back to a table body context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <!-- fake </tbody>, </tfoot>, or </thead>, whatever is the current node -->
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>. Switch the
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>".</p>
+
+ <!-- end of fake </tbody>, </tfoot>, or </thead>, whatever was the current node -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "caption", "col", "colgroup", "html", "td",
+ "th", "tr"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in
+ table">in table</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the steps above require the UA to <dfn id=clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context>clear the stack back to a table body context</dfn>,
+ it means that the UA must, while the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, pop
+ elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#current-node>current node</a> being an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element after this
+ process is a <a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=parsing-main-intr><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.14 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in row">in row</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-intr title="insertion mode: in row">in
+ row</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "th", "td"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-row-context>Clear the stack back to a table row context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intd title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</a>".</p>
+
+ <p>Insert a marker at the end of the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "tr"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have a <code>tr</code> element in table scope</a>, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>;
+ ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-row-context>Clear the stack back to a table row context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (which will be a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element) from the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>. Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col", "colgroup", "tbody", "tfoot",
+ "thead", "tr"</dt>
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- fake <tr> -->
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have a <code>tr</code> element in table scope</a>, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>;
+ ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-row-context>Clear the stack back to a table row context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (which will be a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element) from the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>. Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>".</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </tr> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "tbody", "tfoot", "thead"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have an element in table scope</a> that is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> and with the same tag name as the token, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>;
+ ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake <tr> -->
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have a <code>tr</code> element in table scope</a>, ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-row-context>Clear the stack back to a table row context</a>. (See below.)</p>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (which will be a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element) from the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>. Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>".</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </tr> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "caption", "col", "colgroup", "html", "td",
+ "th"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in
+ table">in table</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>When the steps above require the UA to <dfn id=clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-row-context>clear the stack back to a table row context</dfn>,
+ it means that the UA must, while the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not a <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#current-node>current node</a> being an <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element after this
+ process is a <a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=parsing-main-intd><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.15 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-intd title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "td", "th"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have an element in table scope</a> that is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> and with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Now, if the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> with the same tag name as the token, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> stack until an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML
+ elements">HTML element</a> with the same tag name as the token has been popped from the
+ stack.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker>Clear the list of active formatting elements up to the last marker</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intr title="insertion mode: in row">in
+ row</a>".</p> <!-- current node here will be a <tr> normally; but could be <html> in the
+ fragment case, or <template> in the template case -->
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col",
+ "colgroup", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th", "thead", "tr"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does <em>not</em> <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in
+ table scope">have a <code>td</code> or <code>th</code> element in table scope</a>, then this
+ is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; ignore the token. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#close-the-cell>close the cell</a> (see below) and reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "caption",
+ "col", "colgroup", "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "table", "tbody",
+ "tfoot", "thead", "tr"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have an element in table scope</a> that is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> and with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#close-the-cell>close the cell</a> (see below) and reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Where the steps above say to <dfn id=close-the-cell>close the cell</dfn>, they mean to run the following
+ algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- fake </td> or </th> --><li><p><a href=#generate-implied-end-tags>Generate implied end tags</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not now a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element or a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code>
+ element, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> stack until a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>
+ element or a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element has been popped from the stack.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker>Clear the list of active formatting elements up to the last marker</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intr title="insertion mode: in row">in
+ row</a>".</li> <!-- current node here will be a <tr> normally; but could be <html> in the
+ fragment case, or <template> in the template case -->
+ <!-- end of fake </td> or </th> -->
+
+ </ol><p class=note>The <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> cannot have both a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and a
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table scope">in table scope</a> at the
+ same time, nor can it have neither when the <a href=#close-the-cell>close the cell</a> algorithm is invoked.</p>
+
+
+ <h6 id=parsing-main-inselect><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.16 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in select">in select</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-inselect title="insertion mode: in select">in
+ select</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token that is U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other character token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert the token's character</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "option"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- fake </option> (maybe) -->
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element, pop that node from the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </option> -->
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "optgroup"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- fake </option> (maybe) -->
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element, pop that node from the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </option> -->
+
+ <!-- fake </optgroup> (maybe) -->
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is an <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element, pop that node from the
+ <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </optgroup> -->
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "optgroup"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <!-- fake </option> (maybe) -->
+ <p>First, if the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element, and the node
+ immediately before it in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> is an <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code>
+ element, then pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>.</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </option> -->
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is an <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element, then pop that node from
+ the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>. Otherwise, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; ignore
+ the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "option"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is an <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element, then pop that node from
+ the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>. Otherwise, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; ignore
+ the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "select"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-select-scope title="has an element in select
+ scope">have a <code>select</code> element in select scope</a>, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse
+ error</a>; ignore the token. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element
+ has been popped from the stack.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately>Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "select"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake </select> -->
+ <p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element
+ has been popped from the stack.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately>Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </select> -->
+
+ <p class=note>It just gets treated like an end tag.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "input", "keygen", "textarea"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-select-scope title="has an element in select
+ scope">have a <code>select</code> element in select scope</a>, ignore the token.
+ (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</p>
+
+ <!-- fake </select> -->
+ <p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element
+ has been popped from the stack.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately>Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </select> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "script", "template"</dt>
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "template"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in
+ head">in head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=parsing-main-inselectintable><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.17 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in select in table">in select in table</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-inselectintable title="insertion mode: in select in
+ table">in select in table</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the
+ token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "table", "tbody", "tfoot", "thead", "tr",
+ "td", "th"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake </select> -->
+ <p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element
+ has been popped from the stack.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately>Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </select> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "table", "tbody", "tfoot", "thead", "tr",
+ "td", "th"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> does not <a href=#has-an-element-in-table-scope title="has an element in table
+ scope">have an element in table scope</a> that is an <a href=#html-elements title="HTML elements">HTML
+ element</a> and with the same tag name as that of the token, then ignore the token.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <!-- fake </select> -->
+ <p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element
+ has been popped from the stack.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately>Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </select> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inselect title="insertion mode: in
+ select">in select</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=parsing-main-intemplate><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.18 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in template">in template</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-intemplate title="insertion mode: in template">in
+ template</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><!-- first, tokens we always ignore: --><!-- html: ignored in "in body" mode if there's a <template> on the stack --><!-- head: ignored in "in body" mode always --><!-- body: ignored in "in body" mode if there's a <template> on the stack --><!-- frameset: ignored in "in body" mode if frameset-ok is set to not-ok, which <template> sets it to --><!-- second, tokens that are ambiguous (allowed in multiple modes), let's just handle them in a generic way and not pick a mode: --><dt>A character token</dt>
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "base", "basefont", "bgsound", "link", "meta", "noframes", "script", "style", "template", "title"</dt>
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "template"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in
+ head">in head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- now, tokens that imply certain modes -->
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "colgroup", "tbody", "tfoot", "thead"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion mode</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template
+ insertion modes</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Push "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>" onto the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of
+ template insertion modes</a> so that it is the new <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion
+ mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in
+ table</a>", and reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "col"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion mode</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template
+ insertion modes</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Push "<a href=#parsing-main-incolgroup title="insertion mode: in column group">in column group</a>" onto the
+ <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template insertion modes</a> so that it is the new <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template
+ insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-incolgroup title="insertion mode: in column group">in
+ column group</a>", and reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "tr"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion mode</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template
+ insertion modes</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Push "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>" onto the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack
+ of template insertion modes</a> so that it is the new <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion
+ mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in
+ table body</a>", and reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "td", "th"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion mode</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template
+ insertion modes</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Push "<a href=#parsing-main-intr title="insertion mode: in row">in row</a>" onto the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template
+ insertion modes</a> so that it is the new <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-intr title="insertion mode: in row">in
+ row</a>", and reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- default to in-body mode -->
+
+ <dt>Any other start tag</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion mode</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template
+ insertion modes</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Push "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" onto the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template
+ insertion modes</a> so that it is the new <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in
+ body</a>", and reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <!-- EOF -->
+
+
+ <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If there is no <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element on the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, then
+ <a href=#stop-parsing>stop parsing</a>. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- fake </template> -->
+ <p>Pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>
+ element has been popped from the stack.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker>Clear the list of active formatting elements up to the last marker</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion mode</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template
+ insertion modes</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately>Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
+ <!-- end of fake </template> -->
+
+ <p>Reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=parsing-main-afterbody><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.19 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after body">after body</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-afterbody title="insertion mode: after body">after body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C
+ FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a> as the last child of the first element in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of
+ open elements</a> (the <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the parser was originally created as part of the <a href=#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm>HTML fragment parsing
+ algorithm</a>, this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; ignore the token. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment
+ case</a>)</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: after
+ after body">after after body</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#stop-parsing>Stop parsing</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion
+ mode: in body">in body</a>" and reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=parsing-main-inframeset><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.20 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in frameset">in frameset</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-inframeset title="insertion mode: in frameset">in
+ frameset</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C
+ FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert the character</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "frameset"</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "frameset"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is the root <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>; ignore the token. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the parser was <em>not</em> originally created as part of the <a href=#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm>HTML fragment parsing
+ algorithm</a> (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>), and the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is no longer a
+ <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element, then switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-afterframeset title="insertion mode: after frameset">after frameset</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "frame"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-an-html-element>Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately pop the <a href=#current-node>current
+ node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing
+ flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noframes"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in
+ head">in head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is not the root <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element, then this is a
+ <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The <a href=#current-node>current node</a> can only be the root
+ <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element in the <a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#stop-parsing>Stop parsing</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=parsing-main-afterframeset><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.21 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after frameset">after frameset</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#parsing-main-afterframeset title="insertion mode: after
+ frameset">after frameset</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token
+ as follows:</p>
+
+ <!-- due to rules in the "in frameset" mode, this can't be entered in the fragment case -->
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C
+ FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert the character</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: after after
+ frameset">after after frameset</a>".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noframes"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in
+ head">in head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#stop-parsing>Stop parsing</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=the-after-after-body-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.22 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after after body">after after body</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: after after
+ body">after after body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the token
+ as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a> as the last child of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C
+ FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#stop-parsing>Stop parsing</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Switch the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> to "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion
+ mode: in body">in body</a>" and reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h6 id=the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode><span class=secno>12.2.5.4.23 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after after frameset">after after frameset</dfn>" insertion mode</h6>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for the "<a href=#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode title="insertion mode: after after
+ frameset">after after frameset</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>, the user agent must handle the
+ token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a> as the last child of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C
+ FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in
+ body">in body</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#stop-parsing>Stop parsing</a>.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noframes"</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Process the token <a href=#using-the-rules-for>using the rules for</a> the "<a href=#parsing-main-inhead title="insertion mode: in
+ head">in head</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Anything else</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><h5 id=parsing-main-inforeign><span class=secno>12.2.5.5 </span>The rules for parsing tokens <dfn title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in foreign content</dfn></h5>
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to apply the rules for parsing tokens in foreign content, the user agent
+ must handle the token as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>A character token that is U+0000 NULL</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. <a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT
+ CHARACTER character</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C
+ FORM FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert the token's character</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other character token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-character title="insert a character">Insert the token's character</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Set the <a href=#frameset-ok-flag>frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A comment token</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-comment>Insert a comment</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: <!--"a",--> "b", "big", "blockquote", "body"<!--by
+ inspection-->, "br", "center", "code", "dd", "div", "dl", "dt"<!-- so that dd and dt can be
+ handled uniformly throughout the parser -->, "em", "embed", "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4"<!--for
+ completeness-->, "h5", "h6"<!--for completeness-->, "head"<!--by inspection-->, "hr", "i", "img",
+ "li", "listing"<!-- so that pre and listing can be handled uniformly throughout the parser -->,
+ "menu", "meta", "nobr", "ol"<!-- so that dl, ul, and ol can be handled uniformly throughout the
+ parser -->, "p", "pre", "ruby", "s", <!--"script",--> "small", "span", "strong", "strike"<!-- so
+ that s and strike can be handled uniformly throughout the parser -->, <!--"style",--> "sub",
+ "sup", "table"<!--by inspection-->, "tt", "u", "ul", "var"</dt> <!-- this list was determined
+ empirically by studying over 6,000,000,000 pages that were specifically not XML pages -->
+ <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "font", if the token has any attributes named "color", "face",
+ or "size"</dt> <!-- the attributes here are required so that SVG <font> will go through as SVG
+ but legacy <font>s won't -->
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#parse-error>Parse error</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- for sanity's sake, we limit this wacked quirk to legacy full-document parsing, not to
+ innerHTML. We have no data showing whether (or that) this is needed for innerHTML. If innerHTML
+ is used on an SVG or MathML node, it definitely doesn't make any sense (there's nothing to pop
+ to in the first place). Therefore, rather than trying to figure out in what convoluted
+ conditions we could actually do this quirk for innerHTML, we just don't do it at all. -->
+
+ <p>If the parser was originally created for the <a href=#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm>HTML fragment parsing algorithm</a>,
+ then act as described in the "any other start tag" entry below. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise:</p>
+
+ <p>Pop an element from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, and then keep popping more
+ elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> until the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is a
+ <a href=#mathml-text-integration-point>MathML text integration point</a>, an <a href=#html-integration-point>HTML integration point</a>, or an
+ element in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Then, reprocess the token.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other start tag</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</a> is an element in the <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a>,
+ <a href=#adjust-mathml-attributes>adjust MathML attributes</a> for the token. (This fixes the case of MathML attributes
+ that are not all lowercase.)</p>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</a> is an element in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a>, and the
+ token's tag name is one of the ones in the first column of the following table, change the tag
+ name to the name given in the corresponding cell in the second column. (This fixes the case of
+ SVG elements that are not all lowercase.)</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Tag name <th> Element name
+ <tbody><tr><td> <code title="">altglyph</code> <td> <code title="">altGlyph</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">altglyphdef</code> <td> <code title="">altGlyphDef</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">altglyphitem</code> <td> <code title="">altGlyphItem</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">animatecolor</code> <td> <code title="">animateColor</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">animatemotion</code> <td> <code title="">animateMotion</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">animatetransform</code> <td> <code title="">animateTransform</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">clippath</code> <td> <code title="">clipPath</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">feblend</code> <td> <code title="">feBlend</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fecolormatrix</code> <td> <code title="">feColorMatrix</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fecomponenttransfer</code> <td> <code title="">feComponentTransfer</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fecomposite</code> <td> <code title="">feComposite</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">feconvolvematrix</code> <td> <code title="">feConvolveMatrix</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fediffuselighting</code> <td> <code title="">feDiffuseLighting</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fedisplacementmap</code> <td> <code title="">feDisplacementMap</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fedistantlight</code> <td> <code title="">feDistantLight</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fedropshadow</code> <td> <code title="">feDropShadow</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">feflood</code> <td> <code title="">feFlood</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fefunca</code> <td> <code title="">feFuncA</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fefuncb</code> <td> <code title="">feFuncB</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fefuncg</code> <td> <code title="">feFuncG</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fefuncr</code> <td> <code title="">feFuncR</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fegaussianblur</code> <td> <code title="">feGaussianBlur</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">feimage</code> <td> <code title="">feImage</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">femerge</code> <td> <code title="">feMerge</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">femergenode</code> <td> <code title="">feMergeNode</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">femorphology</code> <td> <code title="">feMorphology</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">feoffset</code> <td> <code title="">feOffset</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fepointlight</code> <td> <code title="">fePointLight</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fespecularlighting</code> <td> <code title="">feSpecularLighting</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fespotlight</code> <td> <code title="">feSpotLight</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">fetile</code> <td> <code title="">feTile</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">feturbulence</code> <td> <code title="">feTurbulence</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">foreignobject</code> <td> <code title="">foreignObject</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">glyphref</code> <td> <code title="">glyphRef</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">lineargradient</code> <td> <code title="">linearGradient</code>
+ <tr><td> <code title="">radialgradient</code> <td> <code title="">radialGradient</code>
+ <!--<tr> <td> <code title="">solidcolor</code> <td> <code title="">solidColor</code> (SVG 1.2)-->
+ <tr><td> <code title="">textpath</code> <td> <code title="">textPath</code>
+ </table><p>If the <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</a> is an element in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a>,
+ <a href=#adjust-svg-attributes>adjust SVG attributes</a> for the token. (This fixes the case of SVG attributes that
+ are not all lowercase.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#adjust-foreign-attributes>Adjust foreign attributes</a> for the token. (This fixes the use of namespaced
+ attributes, in particular XLink in SVG.)</p>
+
+ <p><a href=#insert-a-foreign-element>Insert a foreign element</a> for the token, in the same namespace as the
+ <a href=#adjusted-current-node>adjusted current node</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>If the token has its <i>self-closing flag</i> set, then run the appropriate steps from the
+ following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the token's tag name is "script"</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing
+ flag</i></a>, and then act as described in the steps for a "script" end tag below.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> and <a href=#acknowledge-self-closing-flag title="acknowledge self-closing flag">acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing
+ flag</i></a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl></dd>
+
+ <dt id=scriptForeignEndTag>An end tag whose tag name is "script", if the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> is a <code title="">script</code> element in the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Pop the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let the <var title="">old insertion point</var> have the same value as the current
+ <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a>. Let the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> be just before the <a href=#next-input-character>next
+ input character</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Increment the parser's <a href=#script-nesting-level>script nesting level</a> by one. Set the <a href=#parser-pause-flag>parser pause
+ flag</a> to true.</p>
+
+ <p><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/SVGMobile12/script.html#ScriptContentProcessing>Process the
+ <code title="">script</code> element</a> according to the SVG rules, if the user agent supports
+ SVG. <a href=#refsSVG>[SVG]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>Even if this causes <a href=#dom-document-write title=dom-document-write>new characters to be
+ inserted into the tokenizer</a>, the parser will not be executed reentrantly, since the
+ <a href=#parser-pause-flag>parser pause flag</a> is true.</p>
+
+ <p>Decrement the parser's <a href=#script-nesting-level>script nesting level</a> by one. If the parser's <a href=#script-nesting-level>script
+ nesting level</a> is zero, then set the <a href=#parser-pause-flag>parser pause flag</a> to false.</p>
+
+ <p>Let the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> have the value of the <var title="">old insertion
+ point</var>. (In other words, restore the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> to its previous value.
+ This value might be the "undefined" value.)</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Run these steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Initialise <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href=#current-node>current node</a> (the bottommost
+ node of the stack).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var>'s tag name, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a>, is
+ not the same as the tag name of the token, then this is a <a href=#parse-error>parse error</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">node</var> is the topmost element in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of
+ open elements</a>, abort these steps. (<a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a>)</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var>'s tag name, <a href=#converted-to-ascii-lowercase>converted to ASCII lowercase</a>, is
+ the same as the tag name of the token, pop elements from the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a> until <var title="">node</var> has been popped from the stack, and then abort
+ these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set <var title="">node</var> to the previous entry in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open
+ elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is not an element in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>, return
+ to the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, process the token according to the rules given in the section corresponding
+ to the current <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> in HTML content.</li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl></div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-end><span class=secno>12.2.6 </span>The end</h4>
+
+ <p>Once the user agent <dfn id=stop-parsing title="stop parsing">stops parsing</dfn> the document, the user agent
+ must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><!-- this happens as part of one of the tasks that runs the parser --><li><p>Set the <a href=#current-document-readiness>current document readiness</a> to "<code title="">interactive</code>"
+ <!-- this also synchronously fires an event --> and the <a href=#insertion-point>insertion point</a> to
+ undefined.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop <em>all</em> the nodes off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-when-the-document-has-finished-parsing>list of scripts that will execute when the document has finished
+ parsing</a> is not empty, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p><a href=#spin-the-event-loop>Spin the event loop</a> until the first <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> in the <a href=#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-when-the-document-has-finished-parsing>list
+ of scripts that will execute when the document has finished parsing</a> has its <a href=#ready-to-be-parser-executed>"ready
+ to be parser-executed"</a> flag set <em>and</em> the parser's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ <a href=#has-no-style-sheet-that-is-blocking-scripts>has no style sheet that is blocking scripts</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#execute-the-script-block title="execute the script block">Execute</a> the first <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> in
+ the <a href=#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-when-the-document-has-finished-parsing>list of scripts that will execute when the document has finished
+ parsing</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Remove the first <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element from the <a href=#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-when-the-document-has-finished-parsing>list of scripts that will
+ execute when the document has finished parsing</a> (i.e. shift out the first entry in the
+ list).</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <a href=#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-when-the-document-has-finished-parsing>list of scripts that will execute when the document has finished
+ parsing</a> is still not empty, repeat these substeps again from substep 1.</p>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-DOMContentLoaded><a href=#event-domcontentloaded>DOMContentLoaded</a></code> at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#spin-the-event-loop>Spin the event loop</a> until the <a href=#set-of-scripts-that-will-execute-as-soon-as-possible>set of scripts that will execute as soon
+ as possible</a> and the <a href=#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-in-order-as-soon-as-possible>list of scripts that will execute in order as soon as
+ possible</a> are empty.</li> <!-- this step is not redundant with the next one, since
+ <script> nodes delay the load event of the document they are in, but they might change document
+ between being added to one document's set/list and executing those scripts, so they might be
+ delaying another document but still be in this document's set/list. -->
+
+ <li><p><a href=#spin-the-event-loop>Spin the event loop</a> until there is nothing that <dfn id=delay-the-load-event title="delay the load
+ event">delays the load event</dfn> in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Set the <a href=#current-document-readiness>current document readiness</a> to "<code title="">complete</code>"<!--
+ this also fires an event synchronously during the task -->.</li>
+
+ <li><p><i>Load event</i>: If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>,
+ <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, with <i><a href=#target-override>target override</a></i> set to the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is in a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>, then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to run the following substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#page-showing>page showing</a> flag is true, then abort this
+ task (i.e. don't fire the event below).</li> <!-- i don't see how this could be, but just
+ to be sure... -->
+
+ <li><p>Set the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#page-showing>page showing</a> flag to true.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#concept-event-fire title=concept-event-fire>Fire</a> a <a href=#concept-events-trusted title=concept-events-trusted>trusted</a> event with the name <code title=event-pageshow><a href=#event-pageshow>pageshow</a></code> at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object of the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, but with its <code title=dom-event-target><a href=#dom-event-target>target</a></code> set to the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object (and the <code title=dom-event-currentTarget>currentTarget</code> set to the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object),
+ using the <code><a href=#pagetransitionevent>PageTransitionEvent</a></code> interface, with the <code title=dom-PageTransitionEvent-persisted><a href=#dom-pagetransitionevent-persisted>persisted</a></code> attribute initialised to false. This
+ event must not bubble, must not be cancelable, and has no default action.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has any <a href=#pending-application-cache-download-process-tasks>pending application cache download process
+ tasks</a>, then <a href=#queue-a-task title="queue a task">queue</a> each such <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>task</a> in the order they were added to the list of <a href=#pending-application-cache-download-process-tasks>pending
+ application cache download process tasks</a>, and then empty the list of <a href=#pending-application-cache-download-process-tasks>pending
+ application cache download process tasks</a>. The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for these <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> is the <a href=#networking-task-source>networking task source</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#print-when-loaded>print when loaded</a> flag is set, then run the
+ <a href=#printing-steps>printing steps</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is now <dfn id=ready-for-post-load-tasks>ready for post-load tasks</dfn>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to mark the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> as <dfn id=completely-loaded>completely
+ loaded</dfn>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=abort-a-parser>abort a parser</dfn>, it must run the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Throw away any pending content in the <a href=#input-stream>input stream</a>, and discard any future
+ content that would have been added to it.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#current-document-readiness>current document readiness</a> to "<code title="">interactive</code>"<!--
+ this synchronously fires an event -->.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Pop <em>all</em> the nodes off the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Set the <a href=#current-document-readiness>current document readiness</a> to "<code title="">complete</code>"<!--
+ this also synchronously fires an event -->.</li>
+
+ <!-- anything else? this is things that happen when you call document.open() on a document that's
+ still being parsed, or when you navigate a document that's still parsing, or navigate the parent
+ of a frame with a document that's still parsing, or the user hits "stop". Should the pending
+ scripts be blown away or anything? -->
+
+ </ol><p>Except where otherwise specified, the <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> mentioned in this section is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task
+ source</a>.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=coercing-an-html-dom-into-an-infoset><span class=secno>12.2.7 </span>Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset</h4>
+
+ <p>When an application uses an <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> in conjunction with an XML pipeline, it is
+ possible that the constructed DOM is not compatible with the XML tool chain in certain subtle
+ ways. For example, an XML toolchain might not be able to represent attributes with the name <code title="">xmlns</code>, since they conflict with the Namespaces in XML syntax. There is also some
+ data that the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> generates that isn't included in the DOM itself. This
+ section specifies some rules for handling these issues.</p>
+
+ <p>If the XML API being used doesn't support DOCTYPEs, the tool may drop DOCTYPEs altogether.</p>
+
+ <p>If the XML API doesn't support attributes in no namespace that are named "<code title="">xmlns</code>", attributes whose names start with "<code title="">xmlns:</code>", or
+ attributes in the <a href=#xmlns-namespace>XMLNS namespace</a>, then the tool may drop such attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The tool may annotate the output with any namespace declarations required for proper
+ operation.</p>
+
+ <p>If the XML API being used restricts the allowable characters in the local names of elements and
+ attributes, then the tool may map all element and attribute local names that the API wouldn't
+ support to a set of names that <em>are</em> allowed, by replacing any character that isn't
+ supported with the uppercase letter U and the six digits of the character's Unicode code point
+ when expressed in hexadecimal, using digits 0-9 and capital letters A-F as the symbols, in
+ increasing numeric order.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, the element name <code title="">foo&lt;bar</code>, which can be
+ output by the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>, though it is neither a legal HTML element name nor a
+ well-formed XML element name, would be converted into <code title="">fooU00003Cbar</code>, which
+ <em>is</em> a well-formed XML element name (though it's still not legal in HTML by any means).</p>
+
+ <p class=example>As another example, consider the attribute <code>xlink:href</code>. Used on a
+ MathML element, it becomes, after being <a href=#adjust-foreign-attributes title="adjust foreign attributes">adjusted</a>,
+ an attribute with a prefix "<code title="">xlink</code>" and a local name "<code title="">href</code>". However, used on an HTML element, it becomes an attribute with no prefix
+ and the local name "<code title="">xlink:href</code>", which is not a valid NCName, and thus might
+ not be accepted by an XML API. It could thus get converted, becoming "<code title="">xlinkU00003Ahref</code>".</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The resulting names from this conversion conveniently can't clash with any
+ attribute generated by the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>, since those are all either lowercase or those
+ listed in the <a href=#adjust-foreign-attributes>adjust foreign attributes</a> algorithm's table.</p>
+
+ <p>If the XML API restricts comments from having two consecutive U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters
+ (--), the tool may insert a single U+0020 SPACE character between any such offending
+ characters.</p>
+
+ <p>If the XML API restricts comments from ending in a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-), the tool
+ may insert a single U+0020 SPACE character at the end of such comments.</p>
+
+ <p>If the XML API restricts allowed characters in character data, attribute values, or comments,
+ the tool may replace any U+000C FORM FEED (FF) character with a U+0020 SPACE character, and any
+ other literal non-XML character with a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.</p>
+
+ <p>If the tool has no way to convey out-of-band information, then the tool may drop the following
+ information:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>Whether the document is set to <i><a href=#no-quirks-mode>no-quirks mode</a></i>, <i><a href=#limited-quirks-mode>limited-quirks mode</a></i>, or
+ <i><a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a></i></li>
+
+ <li>The association between form controls and forms that aren't their nearest <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ element ancestor (use of the <a href=#form-element-pointer><code>form</code> element pointer</a> in the parser)</li>
+
+ <li>The <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a> of any <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> elements.</li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>The mutations allowed by this section apply <em>after</em> the <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a>'s rules have been applied. For example, a <code title="">&lt;a::&gt;</code> start tag
+ will be closed by a <code title="">&lt;/a::&gt;</code> end tag, and never by a <code title="">&lt;/aU00003AU00003A&gt;</code> end tag, even if the user agent is using the rules above to
+ then generate an actual element in the DOM with the name <code title="">aU00003AU00003A</code> for
+ that start tag.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=an-introduction-to-error-handling-and-strange-cases-in-the-parser><span class=secno>12.2.8 </span>An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser</h4>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>This section examines some erroneous markup and discusses how the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>
+ handles these cases.</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=misnested-tags:-b-i-/b-/i><span class=secno>12.2.8.1 </span>Misnested tags: &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The most-often discussed example of erroneous markup is as follows:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p&gt;1&lt;b&gt;2&lt;i&gt;3&lt;/b&gt;4&lt;/i&gt;5&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The parsing of this markup is straightforward up to the "3". At this point, the DOM looks like
+ this:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">3</span></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><p>Here, the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> has five elements on it: <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>. The <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active
+ formatting elements</a> just has two: <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>. The <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion
+ mode</a> is "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>".</p>
+
+ <p>Upon receiving the end tag token with the tag name "b", the "<a href=#adoptionAgency>adoption
+ agency algorithm</a>" is invoked. This is a simple case, in that the <var title="">formatting
+ element</var> is the <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element, and there is no <var title="">furthest block</var>.
+ Thus, the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> ends up with just three elements: <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>, while the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>
+ has just one: <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>. The DOM tree is unmodified at this point.</p>
+
+ <p>The next token is a character ("4"), triggers the <a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements title="reconstruct the active
+ formatting elements">reconstruction of the active formatting elements</a>, in this case just
+ the <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code> element. A new <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code> element is thus created for the "4"
+ <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node. After the end tag token for the "i" is also received, and the "5"
+ <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node is inserted, the DOM looks as follows:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">3</span></ul></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">4</span></ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">5</span></ul></ul></ul></ul><h5 id=misnested-tags:-b-p-/b-/p><span class=secno>12.2.8.2 </span>Misnested tags: &lt;b&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>A case similar to the previous one is the following:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;b&gt;1&lt;p&gt;2&lt;/b&gt;3&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Up to the "2" the parsing here is straightforward:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><p>The interesting part is when the end tag token with the tag name "b" is parsed.</p>
+
+ <p>Before that token is seen, the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> has four elements on it:
+ <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>. The <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active
+ formatting elements</a> just has the one: <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>. The <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> is
+ "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>".</p>
+
+ <p>Upon receiving the end tag token with the tag name "b", the "<a href=#adoptionAgency>adoption
+ agency algorithm</a>" is invoked, as in the previous example. However, in this case, there
+ <em>is</em> a <var title="">furthest block</var>, namely the <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element. Thus, this
+ time the adoption agency algorithm isn't skipped over.</p>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">common ancestor</var> is the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element. A conceptual
+ "bookmark" marks the position of the <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> in the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting
+ elements</a>, but since that list has only one element in it, the bookmark won't have much
+ effect.</p>
+
+ <p>As the algorithm progresses, <var title="">node</var> ends up set to the formatting element
+ (<code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>), and <var title="">last node</var> ends up set to the <var title="">furthest
+ block</var> (<code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>).</p>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">last node</var> gets appended (moved) to the <var title="">common
+ ancestor</var>, so that the DOM looks like:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></ul></ul></ul></ul><p>A new <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element is created, and the children of the <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element are
+ moved to it:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code></ul></ul></ul><ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></ul></ul><p>Finally, the new <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element is appended to the <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element, so that the
+ DOM looks like:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><p>The <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element is removed from the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>
+ and the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>, so that when the "3" is parsed, it is appended to the
+ <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">3</span></ul></ul></ul></ul><h5 id=unexpected-markup-in-tables><span class=secno>12.2.8.3 </span>Unexpected markup in tables</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Error handling in tables is, for historical reasons, especially strange. For example, consider
+ the following markup:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;table&gt;<strong>&lt;b&gt;</strong>&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;aaa&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;<strong>bbb</strong>&lt;/table&gt;ccc</pre>
+
+ <p>The highlighted <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element start tag is not allowed directly inside a table like
+ that, and the parser handles this case by placing the element <em>before</em> the table. (This is
+ called <i title="foster parent"><a href=#foster-parent>foster parenting</a></i>.) This can be seen by examining the DOM tree
+ as it stands just after the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element's start tag has been seen:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code></ul></ul></ul><p>...and then immediately after the <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element start tag has been seen:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code></ul></ul></ul><p>At this point, the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> has on it the elements
+ <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> (in that order,
+ despite the resulting DOM tree); the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a> just has the
+ <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element in it; and the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> is "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode:
+ in table">in table</a>".</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> start tag causes the <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element to be popped off the stack and
+ a <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> start tag to be implied; the <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements
+ are then handled in a rather straight-forward manner, taking the parser through the "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>" and "<a href=#parsing-main-intr title="insertion mode: in
+ row">in row</a>" insertion modes, after which the DOM looks as follows:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><p>Here, the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> has on it the elements <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>; the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of
+ active formatting elements</a> still has the <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element in it; and the
+ <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> is "<a href=#parsing-main-intr title="insertion mode: in row">in row</a>".</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element start tag token, after putting a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element on the
+ tree, puts a marker on the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a> (it also switches to
+ the "<a href=#parsing-main-intd title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</a>" <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a>).</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><p>The marker means that when the "aaa" character tokens are seen, no <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element is
+ created to hold the resulting <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">aaa</span></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><p>The end tags are handled in a straight-forward manner; after handling them, the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of
+ open elements</a> has on it the elements <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>; the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>
+ still has the <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element in it (the marker having been removed by the "td" end tag
+ token); and the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> is "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in
+ table body</a>".</p>
+
+ <p>Thus it is that the "bbb" character tokens are found. These trigger the "<a href=#parsing-main-intabletext title="insertion
+ mode: in table text">in table text</a>" insertion mode to be used (with the <a href=#original-insertion-mode>original
+ insertion mode</a> set to "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>").
+ The character tokens are collected, and when the next token (the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element end
+ tag) is seen, they are processed as a group. Since they are not all spaces, they are handled as
+ per the "anything else" rules in the "<a href=#parsing-main-intable title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>"
+ insertion mode, which defer to the "<a href=#parsing-main-inbody title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>"
+ insertion mode but with <a href=#foster-parent title="foster parent">foster parenting</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When <a href=#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements title="reconstruct the active formatting elements">the active formatting elements
+ are reconstructed</a>, a <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element is created and <a href=#foster-parent title="foster
+ parent">foster parented</a>, and then the "bbb" <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node is appended to it:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">bbb</span></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">aaa</span></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><p>The <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> has on it the elements <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, and the new <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> (again, note
+ that this doesn't match the resulting tree!); the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>
+ has the new <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element in it; and the <a href=#insertion-mode>insertion mode</a> is still "<a href=#parsing-main-intbody title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>".</p>
+
+ <p>Had the character tokens been only <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a>
+ instead of "bbb", then those <a href=#space-character title="space character">space characters</a> would just be
+ appended to the <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Finally, the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> is closed by a "table" end tag. This pops all the nodes from
+ the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> up to and including the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element, but it
+ doesn't affect the <a href=#list-of-active-formatting-elements>list of active formatting elements</a>, so the "ccc" character tokens
+ after the table result in yet another <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> element being created, this time after the
+ table:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">bbb</span></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">aaa</span></ul></ul></ul></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">ccc</span></ul></ul></ul></ul><h5 id=scripts-that-modify-the-page-as-it-is-being-parsed><span class=secno>12.2.8.4 </span>Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Consider the following markup, which for this example we will assume is the document with
+ <a href=#url>URL</a> <code title="">http://example.com/inner</code>, being rendered as the content of
+ an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> in another document with the <a href=#url>URL</a> <code title="">http://example.com/outer</code>:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;div id=a&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ var div = document.getElementById('a');
+ parent.document.body.appendChild(div);
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ alert(document.URL);
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;script&gt;
+ alert(document.URL);
+&lt;/script&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>Up to the first "script" end tag, before the script is parsed, the result is relatively
+ straightforward:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">id</code>="<code class="attribute value"><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>"</span><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">
+ </span><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">var div = document.getElementById('a'); &#x23ce; parent.document.body.appendChild(div);</span></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><p>After the script is parsed, though, the <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element and its child
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element are gone:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code></ul></ul><p>They are, at this point, in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the aforementioned outer
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>. However, the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> <em>still contains
+ the <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element</em>.</p>
+
+ <p>Thus, when the second <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element is parsed, it is inserted <em>into the outer
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object</em>.</p>
+
+ <p>Those parsed into different <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s than the one the parser was created for do
+ not execute, so the first alert does not show.</p>
+
+ <p>Once the <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element's end tag is parsed, the <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element is popped
+ off the stack, and so the next <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element is in the inner
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">alert(document.URL);</span></ul></ul></ul></ul><p>This script does execute, resulting in an alert that says "http://example.com/inner".</p>
+
+
+ <h5 id=the-execution-of-scripts-that-are-moving-across-multiple-documents><span class=secno>12.2.8.5 </span>The execution of scripts that are moving across multiple documents</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>Elaborating on the example in the previous section, consider the case where the second
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element is an external script (i.e. one with a <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code> attribute). Since the element was not in the parser's
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> when it was created, that external script is not even downloaded.</p>
+
+ <p>In a case where a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code>
+ attribute is parsed normally into its parser's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, but while the external
+ script is being downloaded, the element is moved to another document, the script continues to
+ download, but does not execute.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In general, moving <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements between <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s is
+ considered a bad practice.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h5 id=unclosed-formatting-elements><span class=secno>12.2.8.6 </span>Unclosed formatting elements</h5>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <p>The following markup shows how nested formatting elements (such as <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>) get
+ collected and continue to be applied even as the elements they are contained in are closed, but
+ that excessive duplicates are thrown away.</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;b class=x&gt;&lt;b class=x&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;b class=x&gt;&lt;b class=x&gt;&lt;b&gt;X
+&lt;p&gt;X
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;b class=x&gt;&lt;b&gt;X
+&lt;p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;X</pre>
+
+ <p>The resulting DOM tree is as follows:</p>
+
+ <ul class=domTree><li class=t10>DOCTYPE: <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">class</code>="<code class="attribute value">x</code>"</span><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">class</code>="<code class="attribute value">x</code>"</span><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">class</code>="<code class="attribute value">x</code>"</span><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">class</code>="<code class="attribute value">x</code>"</span><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">X&#x23ce;</span></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">class</code>="<code class="attribute value">x</code>"</span><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">class</code>="<code class="attribute value">x</code>"</span><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">class</code>="<code class="attribute value">x</code>"</span><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">X&#x23ce;</span></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">class</code>="<code class="attribute value">x</code>"</span><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">class</code>="<code class="attribute value">x</code>"</span><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">class</code>="<code class="attribute value">x</code>"</span><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> <span class=t2 title=""><code class="attribute name">class</code>="<code class="attribute value">x</code>"</span><ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">X&#x23ce;</span></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><li class=t1><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code><ul><li class=t3><code>#text</code>: <span title="">X&#x23ce;</span></ul></ul></ul></ul><p>Note how the second <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element in the markup has no explicit <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>
+ elements, but in the resulting DOM, up to three of each kind of formatting element (in this case
+ three <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> elements with the class attribute, and two unadorned <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> elements)
+ get reconstructed before the element's "X".</p>
+
+ <p>Also note how this means that in the final paragraph only six <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> end tags are
+ needed to completely clear the list of formatting elements, even though nine <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code> start
+ tags have been seen up to this point.</p>
+
+
+<!--/HTMLPARSER-->
+
+
+ <h3 id=serializing-html-fragments><span class=secno>12.3 </span>Serializing HTML fragments</h3>
+
+ <p>The following steps form the <dfn id=html-fragment-serialization-algorithm>HTML fragment serialization algorithm</dfn>. The algorithm
+ takes as input a DOM <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code>, <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, or <code><a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a></code>
+ referred to as <var title="">the node</var>, and either returns a string or throws an
+ exception.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This algorithm serializes the <em>children</em> of the node being serialized, not
+ the node itself.</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">s</var> be a string, and initialise it to the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">the node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element, then let <var title="">the node</var> instead be the <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element's <a href=#template-contents>template
+ contents</a> (a <code><a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a></code> node).</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each child node of <var title="">the node</var>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, run the
+ following steps:
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">current node</var> be the child node being processed.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Append the appropriate string from the following list to <var title="">s</var>:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is an <code title="">Element</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">current node</var> is an element in the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>, the
+ <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a>, or the <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a>, then let <var title="">tagname</var> be <var title="">current node</var>'s local name. Otherwise, let <var title="">tagname</var> be <var title="">current node</var>'s qualified name.</p>
+
+ <p>Append a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character (&lt;), followed by <var title="">tagname</var>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> created by the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a> or
+ <code title="">Document.createElement()</code>, <var title="">tagname</var> will be
+ lowercase.</p>
+
+ <p>For each attribute that the element has, append a U+0020 SPACE character, the <a href="#attribute's-serialised-name" title="attribute's serialised name">attribute's serialised name as described below</a>, a
+ U+003D EQUALS SIGN character (=), a U+0022 QUOTATION MARK character ("), the
+ attribute's value, <a href=#escapingString title="escaping a string">escaped as described below</a> in
+ <i>attribute mode</i>, and a second U+0022 QUOTATION MARK character (").</p>
+
+ <p>An <dfn id="attribute's-serialised-name">attribute's serialised name</dfn> for the purposes of the previous paragraph must
+ be determined as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the attribute has no namespace</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The attribute's serialised name is the attribute's local name.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>For attributes on <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a> set by the <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a> or by <code title="">Element.setAttribute()</code>, the local name will be
+ lowercase.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the attribute is in the <a href=#xml-namespace>XML namespace</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute's serialised name is the string "<code title="">xml:</code>" followed
+ by the attribute's local name.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the attribute is in the <a href=#xmlns-namespace>XMLNS namespace</a> and the attribute's local name
+ is <code title="">xmlns</code></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute's serialised name is the string "<code title="">xmlns</code>".</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the attribute is in the <a href=#xmlns-namespace>XMLNS namespace</a> and the attribute's local name
+ is not <code title="">xmlns</code></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute's serialised name is the string "<code title="">xmlns:</code>" followed by the attribute's local
+ name.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the attribute is in the <a href=#xlink-namespace>XLink namespace</a></dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute's serialised name is the string "<code title="">xlink:</code>"
+ followed by the attribute's local name.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If the attribute is in some other namespace</dt>
+
+ <dd><p>The attribute's serialised name is the attribute's qualified name.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>While the exact order of attributes is UA-defined, and may depend on factors such as the
+ order that the attributes were given in the original markup, the sort order must be stable,
+ such that consecutive invocations of this algorithm serialise an element's attributes in the
+ same order.</p>
+
+ <p>Append a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN character (&gt;).</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">current node</var> is an <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#basefont>basefont</a></code>, <code><a href=#bgsound>bgsound</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code> element, then continue on to the next child node at this point.</p>
+ <!-- VOIDLIST superset -->
+ <!-- also, i guess: image and isindex, but we don't list those because we don't consider
+ those "elements", more "macros", and thus we should never serialise them -->
+
+ <p>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#listing>listing</a></code> element, and the first child node of the element, if any, is a
+ <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node whose character data has as its first character a U+000A LINE FEED
+ (LF) character, then append a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character.</p>
+
+ <p>Append the value of running the <a href=#html-fragment-serialization-algorithm>HTML fragment serialization algorithm</a> on the
+ <var title="">current node</var> element (thus recursing into this algorithm for that
+ element), followed by a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character (&lt;), a U+002F SOLIDUS character
+ (/), <var title="">tagname</var> again, and finally a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN character
+ (&gt;).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code title="">Text</code> node</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>If the parent of <var title="">current node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>, <code><a href=#xmp>xmp</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <code><a href=#noembed>noembed</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#noframes>noframes</a></code>, or <code><a href=#plaintext>plaintext</a></code> element, or if the parent of <var title="">current node</var> is a <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element and <a href=#concept-n-script title=concept-n-script>scripting is enabled</a> for the node, then append the value of
+ <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">data</code> IDL attribute literally.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, append the value of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">data</code> IDL attribute, <a href=#escapingString title="escaping a string">escaped as described
+ below</a>.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code title="">Comment</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Append the literal string <code>&lt;!--</code> (U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021 EXCLAMATION
+ MARK, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS), followed by the value of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">data</code> IDL attribute, followed by the
+ literal string <code>--&gt;</code> (U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+003E
+ GREATER-THAN SIGN).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code title="">ProcessingInstruction</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Append the literal string <code>&lt;?</code> (U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+003F QUESTION
+ MARK), followed by the value of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">target</code> IDL attribute, followed by a single U+0020 SPACE character, followed
+ by the value of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">data</code> IDL attribute,
+ followed by a single U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN character (&gt;).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code title="">DocumentType</code></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Append the literal string <code>&lt;!DOCTYPE</code> (U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021
+ EXCLAMATION MARK, U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D, U+004F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O, U+0043 LATIN
+ CAPITAL LETTER C, U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T, U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y, U+0050 LATIN
+ CAPITAL LETTER P, U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E), followed by a space (U+0020 SPACE),
+ followed by the value of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">name</code> IDL
+ attribute, followed by the literal string <code>&gt;</code> (U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN).</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+
+ </dl><!--
+ <p>Other node types (e.g. <code title="">Attr</code>) cannot occur as children of elements.
+ If, despite this, they somehow do occur, this algorithm must throw an
+ <code>InvalidStateError</code> exception.</p>
+ --></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><p>The result of the algorithm is the string <var title="">s</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=warning>It is possible that the output of this algorithm, if parsed with an <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a>, will not return the original tree structure.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For instance, if a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element to which a <code title="">Comment</code> node
+ has been appended is serialised and the output is then reparsed, the comment will end up being
+ displayed in the text field. Similarly, if, as a result of DOM manipulation, an element contains
+ a comment that contains the literal string "<code title="">--&gt;</code>", then when the result
+ of serializing the element is parsed, the comment will be truncated at that point and the rest of
+ the comment will be interpreted as markup. More examples would be making a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ element contain a <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node with the text string "<code>&lt;/script&gt;</code>", or
+ having a <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element that contains a <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> element (as the <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code>
+ element's <a href=#syntax-start-tag title=syntax-start-tag>start tag</a> would imply the end tag for the
+ <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>).</p>
+
+ <p>This can enable cross-site scripting attacks. An example of this would be a page that lets the
+ user enter some font family names that are then inserted into a CSS <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> block via
+ the DOM and which then uses the <code title=dom-innerHTML><a href=#dom-innerhtml>innerHTML</a></code> IDL attribute to get
+ the HTML serialization of that <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> element: if the user enters
+ "<code>&lt;/style&gt;&lt;script&gt;attack&lt;/script&gt;</code>" as a font family name, <code title=dom-innerHTML><a href=#dom-innerhtml>innerHTML</a></code> will return markup that, if parsed in a different context,
+ would contain a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> node, even though no <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> node existed in the
+ original DOM.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p><dfn id=escapingString>Escaping a string</dfn> (for the purposes of the algorithm above)
+ consists of running the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Replace any occurrence of the "<code title="">&amp;</code>" character by the string "<code title="">&amp;amp;</code>".</li>
+
+ <li><p>Replace any occurrences of the U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE character by the string "<code title="">&amp;nbsp;</code>".</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the algorithm was invoked in the <i>attribute mode</i>, replace any occurrences of the
+ "<code title="">"</code>" character by the string "<code title="">&amp;quot;</code>".</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the algorithm was <em>not</em> invoked in the <i>attribute mode</i>, replace any
+ occurrences of the "<code title="">&lt;</code>" character by the string "<code title="">&amp;lt;</code>", and any occurrences of the "<code title="">&gt;</code>" character by
+ the string "<code title="">&amp;gt;</code>".</li>
+
+ </ol><h3 id=parsing-html-fragments><span class=secno>12.4 </span>Parsing HTML fragments</h3>
+
+ <p>The following steps form the <dfn id=html-fragment-parsing-algorithm>HTML fragment parsing algorithm</dfn>. The algorithm
+ optionally takes as input an <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code> node, referred to as the <dfn id=concept-frag-parse-context title=concept-frag-parse-context><var>context</var></dfn> element, which gives the context for
+ the parser, as well as <var title="">input</var>, a string to parse, and returns a list of zero or
+ more nodes.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Parts marked <dfn id=fragment-case>fragment case</dfn> in algorithms in the parser section are
+ parts that only occur if the parser was created for the purposes of this algorithm (and with a
+ <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element). The algorithms have been annotated
+ with such markings for informational purposes only; such markings have no normative weight. If it
+ is possible for a condition described as a <a href=#fragment-case>fragment case</a> to occur even when the
+ parser wasn't created for the purposes of handling this algorithm, then that is an error in the
+ specification.</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Create a new <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node, and mark it as being an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML
+ documents">HTML document</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is a <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element, and the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element is in
+ <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, then let the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> be in <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>.
+ Otherwise, if there is a <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element, and the
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of the <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element is in
+ <a href=#limited-quirks-mode>limited-quirks mode</a>, then let the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> be in <a href=#limited-quirks-mode>limited-quirks
+ mode</a>. Otherwise, leave the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in <a href=#no-quirks-mode>no-quirks mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Create a new <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>, and associate it with the just created
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is a <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element, run these
+ substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Set the state of the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>'s <a href=#tokenization>tokenization</a> stage as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If it is a <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>Switch the tokenizer to the <a href=#rcdata-state>RCDATA state</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If it is a <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>, <code><a href=#xmp>xmp</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#noembed>noembed</a></code>, or <code><a href=#noframes>noframes</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>Switch the tokenizer to the <a href=#rawtext-state>RAWTEXT state</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If it is a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>Switch the tokenizer to the <a href=#script-data-state>script data state</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If it is a <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>If the <a href=#scripting-flag>scripting flag</a> is enabled, switch the tokenizer to the <a href=#rawtext-state>RAWTEXT
+ state</a>. Otherwise, leave the tokenizer in the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>If it is a <code><a href=#plaintext>plaintext</a></code> element</dt>
+
+ <dd>Switch the tokenizer to the <a href=#plaintext-state>PLAINTEXT state</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>Leave the tokenizer in the <a href=#data-state>data state</a>.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p class=note>For performance reasons, an implementation that does not report errors and
+ that uses the actual state machine described in this specification directly could use the
+ PLAINTEXT state instead of the RAWTEXT and script data states where those are mentioned in the
+ list above. Except for rules regarding parse errors, they are equivalent, since there is no
+ <a href=#appropriate-end-tag-token>appropriate end tag token</a> in the fragment case, yet they involve far fewer state
+ transitions.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">root</var> be a new <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element with no attributes.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Append the element <var title="">root</var> to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node created
+ above.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set up the parser's <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> so that it contains just the single
+ element <var title="">root</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element is a
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element, push "<a href=#parsing-main-intemplate title="insertion mode: in template">in
+ template</a>" onto the <a href=#stack-of-template-insertion-modes>stack of template insertion modes</a> so that it is the new
+ <a href=#current-template-insertion-mode>current template insertion mode</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately title="reset the insertion mode appropriately">Reset the parser's insertion mode
+ appropriately</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>The parser will reference the <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element as part of that algorithm.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set the parser's <a href=#form-element-pointer><code>form</code> element pointer</a> to the nearest node to the
+ <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element that is a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ element (going straight up the ancestor chain, and including the element itself, if it is a
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element), if any. (If there is no such <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element, the
+ <a href=#form-element-pointer><code>form</code> element pointer</a> keeps its initial value, null.)</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Place the <var title="">input</var> into the <a href=#input-stream>input stream</a> for the <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a> just created. The encoding <a href=#concept-encoding-confidence title=concept-encoding-confidence>confidence</a> is <i>irrelevant</i>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Start the parser and let it run until it has consumed all the characters just inserted into
+ the input stream.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is a <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element, return the child
+ nodes of <var title="">root</var>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, return the children of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=named-character-references><span class=secno>12.5 </span><dfn>Named character references</dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>This table lists the character reference names that are supported by HTML, and the code points
+ to which they refer. It is referenced by the previous sections.</p>
+
+ <div id=named-character-references-table>
+ <table><thead><tr><th> Name </th> <th> Character(s) </th> <th> Glyph </th> <tbody><tr id=entity-Aacute><td> <code title="">Aacute;</code> </td> <td> U+000C1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Aacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Aacute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Aacute</code> </td> <td> U+000C1 </td> <td> <span title="">&Aacute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-aacute><td> <code title="">aacute;</code> </td> <td> U+000E1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&aacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-aacute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">aacute</code> </td> <td> U+000E1 </td> <td> <span title="">&aacute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Abreve><td> <code title="">Abreve;</code> </td> <td> U+00102 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Abreve;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-abreve><td> <code title="">abreve;</code> </td> <td> U+00103 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&abreve;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ac><td> <code title="">ac;</code> </td> <td> U+0223E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ac;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-acd><td> <code title="">acd;</code> </td> <td> U+0223F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&acd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-acE><td> <code title="">acE;</code> </td> <td> U+0223E U+00333 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&ac;&#x333;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Acirc><td> <code title="">Acirc;</code> </td> <td> U+000C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Acirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Acirc-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Acirc</code> </td> <td> U+000C2 </td> <td> <span title="">&Acirc;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-acirc><td> <code title="">acirc;</code> </td> <td> U+000E2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&acirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-acirc-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">acirc</code> </td> <td> U+000E2 </td> <td> <span title="">&acirc;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-acute><td> <code title="">acute;</code> </td> <td> U+000B4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&acute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-acute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">acute</code> </td> <td> U+000B4 </td> <td> <span title="">&acute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Acy><td> <code title="">Acy;</code> </td> <td> U+00410 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Acy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-acy><td> <code title="">acy;</code> </td> <td> U+00430 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&acy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-AElig><td> <code title="">AElig;</code> </td> <td> U+000C6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&AElig;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-AElig-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">AElig</code> </td> <td> U+000C6 </td> <td> <span title="">&AElig;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-aelig><td> <code title="">aelig;</code> </td> <td> U+000E6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&aelig;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-aelig-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">aelig</code> </td> <td> U+000E6 </td> <td> <span title="">&aelig;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-af><td> <code title="">af;</code> </td> <td> U+02061 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&af;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Afr><td> <code title="">Afr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D504 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Afr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-afr><td> <code title="">afr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D51E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&afr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Agrave><td> <code title="">Agrave;</code> </td> <td> U+000C0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Agrave;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Agrave-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Agrave</code> </td> <td> U+000C0 </td> <td> <span title="">&Agrave;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-agrave><td> <code title="">agrave;</code> </td> <td> U+000E0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&agrave;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-agrave-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">agrave</code> </td> <td> U+000E0 </td> <td> <span title="">&agrave;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-alefsym><td> <code title="">alefsym;</code> </td> <td> U+02135 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&aleph;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-aleph><td> <code title="">aleph;</code> </td> <td> U+02135 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&aleph;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Alpha><td> <code title="">Alpha;</code> </td> <td> U+00391 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Alpha;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-alpha><td> <code title="">alpha;</code> </td> <td> U+003B1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&alpha;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Amacr><td> <code title="">Amacr;</code> </td> <td> U+00100 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Amacr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-amacr><td> <code title="">amacr;</code> </td> <td> U+00101 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&amacr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-amalg><td> <code title="">amalg;</code> </td> <td> U+02A3F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&amalg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-AMP><td> <code title="">AMP;</code> </td> <td> U+00026 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&amp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-AMP-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">AMP</code> </td> <td> U+00026 </td> <td> <span title="">&amp;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-amp><td> <code title="">amp;</code> </td> <td> U+00026 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&amp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-amp-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">amp</code> </td> <td> U+00026 </td> <td> <span title="">&amp;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-And><td> <code title="">And;</code> </td> <td> U+02A53 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&And;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-and><td> <code title="">and;</code> </td> <td> U+02227 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wedge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-andand><td> <code title="">andand;</code> </td> <td> U+02A55 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&andand;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-andd><td> <code title="">andd;</code> </td> <td> U+02A5C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&andd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-andslope><td> <code title="">andslope;</code> </td> <td> U+02A58 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&andslope;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-andv><td> <code title="">andv;</code> </td> <td> U+02A5A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&andv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ang><td> <code title="">ang;</code> </td> <td> U+02220 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angle;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ange><td> <code title="">ange;</code> </td> <td> U+029A4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ange;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angle><td> <code title="">angle;</code> </td> <td> U+02220 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angle;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angmsd><td> <code title="">angmsd;</code> </td> <td> U+02221 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angmsd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angmsdaa><td> <code title="">angmsdaa;</code> </td> <td> U+029A8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angmsdaa;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angmsdab><td> <code title="">angmsdab;</code> </td> <td> U+029A9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angmsdab;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angmsdac><td> <code title="">angmsdac;</code> </td> <td> U+029AA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angmsdac;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angmsdad><td> <code title="">angmsdad;</code> </td> <td> U+029AB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angmsdad;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angmsdae><td> <code title="">angmsdae;</code> </td> <td> U+029AC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angmsdae;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angmsdaf><td> <code title="">angmsdaf;</code> </td> <td> U+029AD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angmsdaf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angmsdag><td> <code title="">angmsdag;</code> </td> <td> U+029AE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angmsdag;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angmsdah><td> <code title="">angmsdah;</code> </td> <td> U+029AF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angmsdah;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angrt><td> <code title="">angrt;</code> </td> <td> U+0221F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angrt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angrtvb><td> <code title="">angrtvb;</code> </td> <td> U+022BE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angrtvb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angrtvbd><td> <code title="">angrtvbd;</code> </td> <td> U+0299D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angrtvbd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angsph><td> <code title="">angsph;</code> </td> <td> U+02222 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angsph;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angst><td> <code title="">angst;</code> </td> <td> U+000C5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angst;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-angzarr><td> <code title="">angzarr;</code> </td> <td> U+0237C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angzarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Aogon><td> <code title="">Aogon;</code> </td> <td> U+00104 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Aogon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-aogon><td> <code title="">aogon;</code> </td> <td> U+00105 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&aogon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Aopf><td> <code title="">Aopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D538 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Aopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-aopf><td> <code title="">aopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D552 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&aopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ap><td> <code title="">ap;</code> </td> <td> U+02248 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&thkap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-apacir><td> <code title="">apacir;</code> </td> <td> U+02A6F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&apacir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-apE><td> <code title="">apE;</code> </td> <td> U+02A70 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&apE;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ape><td> <code title="">ape;</code> </td> <td> U+0224A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&approxeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-apid><td> <code title="">apid;</code> </td> <td> U+0224B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&apid;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-apos><td> <code title="">apos;</code> </td> <td> U+00027 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">'</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ApplyFunction><td> <code title="">ApplyFunction;</code> </td> <td> U+02061 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&af;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-approx><td> <code title="">approx;</code> </td> <td> U+02248 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&thkap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-approxeq><td> <code title="">approxeq;</code> </td> <td> U+0224A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&approxeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Aring><td> <code title="">Aring;</code> </td> <td> U+000C5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angst;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Aring-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Aring</code> </td> <td> U+000C5 </td> <td> <span title="">&angst;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-aring><td> <code title="">aring;</code> </td> <td> U+000E5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&aring;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-aring-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">aring</code> </td> <td> U+000E5 </td> <td> <span title="">&aring;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Ascr><td> <code title="">Ascr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D49C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ascr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ascr><td> <code title="">ascr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4B6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ascr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Assign><td> <code title="">Assign;</code> </td> <td> U+02254 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&coloneq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ast><td> <code title="">ast;</code> </td> <td> U+0002A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">*</span> </td> <tr id=entity-asymp><td> <code title="">asymp;</code> </td> <td> U+02248 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&thkap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-asympeq><td> <code title="">asympeq;</code> </td> <td> U+0224D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&asympeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Atilde><td> <code title="">Atilde;</code> </td> <td> U+000C3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Atilde;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Atilde-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Atilde</code> </td> <td> U+000C3 </td> <td> <span title="">&Atilde;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-atilde><td> <code title="">atilde;</code> </td> <td> U+000E3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&atilde;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-atilde-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">atilde</code> </td> <td> U+000E3 </td> <td> <span title="">&atilde;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Auml><td> <code title="">Auml;</code> </td> <td> U+000C4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Auml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Auml-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Auml</code> </td> <td> U+000C4 </td> <td> <span title="">&Auml;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-auml><td> <code title="">auml;</code> </td> <td> U+000E4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&auml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-auml-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">auml</code> </td> <td> U+000E4 </td> <td> <span title="">&auml;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-awconint><td> <code title="">awconint;</code> </td> <td> U+02233 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&awconint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-awint><td> <code title="">awint;</code> </td> <td> U+02A11 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&awint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-backcong><td> <code title="">backcong;</code> </td> <td> U+0224C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bcong;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-backepsilon><td> <code title="">backepsilon;</code> </td> <td> U+003F6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&backepsilon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-backprime><td> <code title="">backprime;</code> </td> <td> U+02035 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bprime;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-backsim><td> <code title="">backsim;</code> </td> <td> U+0223D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&backsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-backsimeq><td> <code title="">backsimeq;</code> </td> <td> U+022CD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&backsimeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Backslash><td> <code title="">Backslash;</code> </td> <td> U+02216 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&smallsetminus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Barv><td> <code title="">Barv;</code> </td> <td> U+02AE7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Barv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-barvee><td> <code title="">barvee;</code> </td> <td> U+022BD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&barvee;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Barwed><td> <code title="">Barwed;</code> </td> <td> U+02306 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&doublebarwedge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-barwed><td> <code title="">barwed;</code> </td> <td> U+02305 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&barwedge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-barwedge><td> <code title="">barwedge;</code> </td> <td> U+02305 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&barwedge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bbrk><td> <code title="">bbrk;</code> </td> <td> U+023B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bbrk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bbrktbrk><td> <code title="">bbrktbrk;</code> </td> <td> U+023B6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bbrktbrk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bcong><td> <code title="">bcong;</code> </td> <td> U+0224C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bcong;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Bcy><td> <code title="">Bcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00411 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Bcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bcy><td> <code title="">bcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00431 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bdquo><td> <code title="">bdquo;</code> </td> <td> U+0201E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ldquor;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-becaus><td> <code title="">becaus;</code> </td> <td> U+02235 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&becaus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Because><td> <code title="">Because;</code> </td> <td> U+02235 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&becaus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-because><td> <code title="">because;</code> </td> <td> U+02235 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&becaus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bemptyv><td> <code title="">bemptyv;</code> </td> <td> U+029B0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bemptyv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bepsi><td> <code title="">bepsi;</code> </td> <td> U+003F6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&backepsilon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bernou><td> <code title="">bernou;</code> </td> <td> U+0212C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bernou;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Bernoullis><td> <code title="">Bernoullis;</code> </td> <td> U+0212C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bernou;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Beta><td> <code title="">Beta;</code> </td> <td> U+00392 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Beta;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-beta><td> <code title="">beta;</code> </td> <td> U+003B2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&beta;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-beth><td> <code title="">beth;</code> </td> <td> U+02136 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&beth;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-between><td> <code title="">between;</code> </td> <td> U+0226C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&between;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Bfr><td> <code title="">Bfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D505 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Bfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bfr><td> <code title="">bfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D51F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bigcap><td> <code title="">bigcap;</code> </td> <td> U+022C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigcap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bigcirc><td> <code title="">bigcirc;</code> </td> <td> U+025EF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xcirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bigcup><td> <code title="">bigcup;</code> </td> <td> U+022C3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xcup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bigodot><td> <code title="">bigodot;</code> </td> <td> U+02A00 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigodot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bigoplus><td> <code title="">bigoplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02A01 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigoplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bigotimes><td> <code title="">bigotimes;</code> </td> <td> U+02A02 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xotime;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bigsqcup><td> <code title="">bigsqcup;</code> </td> <td> U+02A06 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigsqcup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bigstar><td> <code title="">bigstar;</code> </td> <td> U+02605 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigstar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bigtriangledown><td> <code title="">bigtriangledown;</code> </td> <td> U+025BD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xdtri;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bigtriangleup><td> <code title="">bigtriangleup;</code> </td> <td> U+025B3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigtriangleup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-biguplus><td> <code title="">biguplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02A04 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xuplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bigvee><td> <code title="">bigvee;</code> </td> <td> U+022C1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigvee;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bigwedge><td> <code title="">bigwedge;</code> </td> <td> U+022C0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xwedge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bkarow><td> <code title="">bkarow;</code> </td> <td> U+0290D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rbarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-blacklozenge><td> <code title="">blacklozenge;</code> </td> <td> U+029EB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lozf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-blacksquare><td> <code title="">blacksquare;</code> </td> <td> U+025AA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blacksquare;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-blacktriangle><td> <code title="">blacktriangle;</code> </td> <td> U+025B4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&utrif;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-blacktriangledown><td> <code title="">blacktriangledown;</code> </td> <td> U+025BE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blacktriangledown;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-blacktriangleleft><td> <code title="">blacktriangleleft;</code> </td> <td> U+025C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blacktriangleleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-blacktriangleright><td> <code title="">blacktriangleright;</code> </td> <td> U+025B8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blacktriangleright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-blank><td> <code title="">blank;</code> </td> <td> U+02423 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blank;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-blk12><td> <code title="">blk12;</code> </td> <td> U+02592 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blk12;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-blk14><td> <code title="">blk14;</code> </td> <td> U+02591 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blk14;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-blk34><td> <code title="">blk34;</code> </td> <td> U+02593 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blk34;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-block><td> <code title="">block;</code> </td> <td> U+02588 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&block;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bne><td> <code title="">bne;</code> </td> <td> U+0003D U+020E5 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">=&#x20e5;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bnequiv><td> <code title="">bnequiv;</code> </td> <td> U+02261 U+020E5 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&equiv;&#x20e5;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bNot><td> <code title="">bNot;</code> </td> <td> U+02AED </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bNot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bnot><td> <code title="">bnot;</code> </td> <td> U+02310 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bnot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Bopf><td> <code title="">Bopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D539 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Bopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bopf><td> <code title="">bopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D553 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bot><td> <code title="">bot;</code> </td> <td> U+022A5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bottom;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bottom><td> <code title="">bottom;</code> </td> <td> U+022A5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bottom;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bowtie><td> <code title="">bowtie;</code> </td> <td> U+022C8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bowtie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxbox><td> <code title="">boxbox;</code> </td> <td> U+029C9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxbox;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxDL><td> <code title="">boxDL;</code> </td> <td> U+02557 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxDL;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxDl><td> <code title="">boxDl;</code> </td> <td> U+02556 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxDl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxdL><td> <code title="">boxdL;</code> </td> <td> U+02555 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxdL;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxdl><td> <code title="">boxdl;</code> </td> <td> U+02510 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxdl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxDR><td> <code title="">boxDR;</code> </td> <td> U+02554 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxDR;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxDr><td> <code title="">boxDr;</code> </td> <td> U+02553 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxDr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxdR><td> <code title="">boxdR;</code> </td> <td> U+02552 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxdR;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxdr><td> <code title="">boxdr;</code> </td> <td> U+0250C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxdr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxH><td> <code title="">boxH;</code> </td> <td> U+02550 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxH;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxh><td> <code title="">boxh;</code> </td> <td> U+02500 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxh;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxHD><td> <code title="">boxHD;</code> </td> <td> U+02566 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxHD;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxHd><td> <code title="">boxHd;</code> </td> <td> U+02564 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxHd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxhD><td> <code title="">boxhD;</code> </td> <td> U+02565 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxhD;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxhd><td> <code title="">boxhd;</code> </td> <td> U+0252C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxhd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxHU><td> <code title="">boxHU;</code> </td> <td> U+02569 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxHU;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxHu><td> <code title="">boxHu;</code> </td> <td> U+02567 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxHu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxhU><td> <code title="">boxhU;</code> </td> <td> U+02568 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxhU;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxhu><td> <code title="">boxhu;</code> </td> <td> U+02534 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxhu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxminus><td> <code title="">boxminus;</code> </td> <td> U+0229F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&minusb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxplus><td> <code title="">boxplus;</code> </td> <td> U+0229E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxtimes><td> <code title="">boxtimes;</code> </td> <td> U+022A0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&timesb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxUL><td> <code title="">boxUL;</code> </td> <td> U+0255D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxUL;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxUl><td> <code title="">boxUl;</code> </td> <td> U+0255C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxUl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxuL><td> <code title="">boxuL;</code> </td> <td> U+0255B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxuL;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxul><td> <code title="">boxul;</code> </td> <td> U+02518 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxul;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxUR><td> <code title="">boxUR;</code> </td> <td> U+0255A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxUR;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxUr><td> <code title="">boxUr;</code> </td> <td> U+02559 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxUr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxuR><td> <code title="">boxuR;</code> </td> <td> U+02558 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxuR;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxur><td> <code title="">boxur;</code> </td> <td> U+02514 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxur;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxV><td> <code title="">boxV;</code> </td> <td> U+02551 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxV;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxv><td> <code title="">boxv;</code> </td> <td> U+02502 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxVH><td> <code title="">boxVH;</code> </td> <td> U+0256C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxVH;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxVh><td> <code title="">boxVh;</code> </td> <td> U+0256B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxVh;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxvH><td> <code title="">boxvH;</code> </td> <td> U+0256A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxvH;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxvh><td> <code title="">boxvh;</code> </td> <td> U+0253C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxvh;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxVL><td> <code title="">boxVL;</code> </td> <td> U+02563 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxVL;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxVl><td> <code title="">boxVl;</code> </td> <td> U+02562 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxVl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxvL><td> <code title="">boxvL;</code> </td> <td> U+02561 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxvL;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxvl><td> <code title="">boxvl;</code> </td> <td> U+02524 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxvl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxVR><td> <code title="">boxVR;</code> </td> <td> U+02560 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxVR;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxVr><td> <code title="">boxVr;</code> </td> <td> U+0255F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxVr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxvR><td> <code title="">boxvR;</code> </td> <td> U+0255E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxvR;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-boxvr><td> <code title="">boxvr;</code> </td> <td> U+0251C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxvr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bprime><td> <code title="">bprime;</code> </td> <td> U+02035 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bprime;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Breve><td> <code title="">Breve;</code> </td> <td> U+002D8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&breve;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-breve><td> <code title="">breve;</code> </td> <td> U+002D8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&breve;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-brvbar><td> <code title="">brvbar;</code> </td> <td> U+000A6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&brvbar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-brvbar-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">brvbar</code> </td> <td> U+000A6 </td> <td> <span title="">&brvbar;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Bscr><td> <code title="">Bscr;</code> </td> <td> U+0212C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bernou;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bscr><td> <code title="">bscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4B7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bsemi><td> <code title="">bsemi;</code> </td> <td> U+0204F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bsemi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bsim><td> <code title="">bsim;</code> </td> <td> U+0223D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&backsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bsime><td> <code title="">bsime;</code> </td> <td> U+022CD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&backsimeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bsol><td> <code title="">bsol;</code> </td> <td> U+0005C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">\</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bsolb><td> <code title="">bsolb;</code> </td> <td> U+029C5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bsolb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bsolhsub><td> <code title="">bsolhsub;</code> </td> <td> U+027C8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bsolhsub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bull><td> <code title="">bull;</code> </td> <td> U+02022 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bullet;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bullet><td> <code title="">bullet;</code> </td> <td> U+02022 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bullet;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bump><td> <code title="">bump;</code> </td> <td> U+0224E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bump;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bumpE><td> <code title="">bumpE;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bumpE;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bumpe><td> <code title="">bumpe;</code> </td> <td> U+0224F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bumpeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Bumpeq><td> <code title="">Bumpeq;</code> </td> <td> U+0224E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bump;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-bumpeq><td> <code title="">bumpeq;</code> </td> <td> U+0224F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bumpeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Cacute><td> <code title="">Cacute;</code> </td> <td> U+00106 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Cacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cacute><td> <code title="">cacute;</code> </td> <td> U+00107 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Cap><td> <code title="">Cap;</code> </td> <td> U+022D2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Cap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cap><td> <code title="">cap;</code> </td> <td> U+02229 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-capand><td> <code title="">capand;</code> </td> <td> U+02A44 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&capand;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-capbrcup><td> <code title="">capbrcup;</code> </td> <td> U+02A49 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&capbrcup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-capcap><td> <code title="">capcap;</code> </td> <td> U+02A4B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&capcap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-capcup><td> <code title="">capcup;</code> </td> <td> U+02A47 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&capcup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-capdot><td> <code title="">capdot;</code> </td> <td> U+02A40 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&capdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-CapitalDifferentialD><td> <code title="">CapitalDifferentialD;</code> </td> <td> U+02145 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DD;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-caps><td> <code title="">caps;</code> </td> <td> U+02229 U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&cap;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-caret><td> <code title="">caret;</code> </td> <td> U+02041 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&caret;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-caron><td> <code title="">caron;</code> </td> <td> U+002C7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&caron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Cayleys><td> <code title="">Cayleys;</code> </td> <td> U+0212D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Cayleys;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ccaps><td> <code title="">ccaps;</code> </td> <td> U+02A4D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ccaps;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ccaron><td> <code title="">Ccaron;</code> </td> <td> U+0010C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ccaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ccaron><td> <code title="">ccaron;</code> </td> <td> U+0010D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ccaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ccedil><td> <code title="">Ccedil;</code> </td> <td> U+000C7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ccedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ccedil-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Ccedil</code> </td> <td> U+000C7 </td> <td> <span title="">&Ccedil;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ccedil><td> <code title="">ccedil;</code> </td> <td> U+000E7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ccedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ccedil-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">ccedil</code> </td> <td> U+000E7 </td> <td> <span title="">&ccedil;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Ccirc><td> <code title="">Ccirc;</code> </td> <td> U+00108 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ccirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ccirc><td> <code title="">ccirc;</code> </td> <td> U+00109 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ccirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Cconint><td> <code title="">Cconint;</code> </td> <td> U+02230 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Cconint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ccups><td> <code title="">ccups;</code> </td> <td> U+02A4C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ccups;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ccupssm><td> <code title="">ccupssm;</code> </td> <td> U+02A50 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ccupssm;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Cdot><td> <code title="">Cdot;</code> </td> <td> U+0010A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Cdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cdot><td> <code title="">cdot;</code> </td> <td> U+0010B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cedil><td> <code title="">cedil;</code> </td> <td> U+000B8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cedil-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">cedil</code> </td> <td> U+000B8 </td> <td> <span title="">&cedil;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Cedilla><td> <code title="">Cedilla;</code> </td> <td> U+000B8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cemptyv><td> <code title="">cemptyv;</code> </td> <td> U+029B2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cemptyv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cent><td> <code title="">cent;</code> </td> <td> U+000A2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cent;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cent-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">cent</code> </td> <td> U+000A2 </td> <td> <span title="">&cent;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-CenterDot><td> <code title="">CenterDot;</code> </td> <td> U+000B7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&middot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-centerdot><td> <code title="">centerdot;</code> </td> <td> U+000B7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&middot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Cfr><td> <code title="">Cfr;</code> </td> <td> U+0212D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Cayleys;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cfr><td> <code title="">cfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D520 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-CHcy><td> <code title="">CHcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00427 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&CHcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-chcy><td> <code title="">chcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00447 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&chcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-check><td> <code title="">check;</code> </td> <td> U+02713 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&check;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-checkmark><td> <code title="">checkmark;</code> </td> <td> U+02713 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&check;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Chi><td> <code title="">Chi;</code> </td> <td> U+003A7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Chi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-chi><td> <code title="">chi;</code> </td> <td> U+003C7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&chi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cir><td> <code title="">cir;</code> </td> <td> U+025CB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-circ><td> <code title="">circ;</code> </td> <td> U+002C6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&circ;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-circeq><td> <code title="">circeq;</code> </td> <td> U+02257 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cire;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-circlearrowleft><td> <code title="">circlearrowleft;</code> </td> <td> U+021BA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&olarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-circlearrowright><td> <code title="">circlearrowright;</code> </td> <td> U+021BB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&orarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-circledast><td> <code title="">circledast;</code> </td> <td> U+0229B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oast;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-circledcirc><td> <code title="">circledcirc;</code> </td> <td> U+0229A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ocir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-circleddash><td> <code title="">circleddash;</code> </td> <td> U+0229D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&circleddash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-CircleDot><td> <code title="">CircleDot;</code> </td> <td> U+02299 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&odot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-circledR><td> <code title="">circledR;</code> </td> <td> U+000AE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&reg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-circledS><td> <code title="">circledS;</code> </td> <td> U+024C8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oS;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-CircleMinus><td> <code title="">CircleMinus;</code> </td> <td> U+02296 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ominus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-CirclePlus><td> <code title="">CirclePlus;</code> </td> <td> U+02295 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-CircleTimes><td> <code title="">CircleTimes;</code> </td> <td> U+02297 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&otimes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cirE><td> <code title="">cirE;</code> </td> <td> U+029C3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cirE;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cire><td> <code title="">cire;</code> </td> <td> U+02257 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cire;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cirfnint><td> <code title="">cirfnint;</code> </td> <td> U+02A10 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cirfnint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cirmid><td> <code title="">cirmid;</code> </td> <td> U+02AEF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cirmid;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cirscir><td> <code title="">cirscir;</code> </td> <td> U+029C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cirscir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ClockwiseContourIntegral><td> <code title="">ClockwiseContourIntegral;</code> </td> <td> U+02232 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cwconint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-CloseCurlyDoubleQuote><td> <code title="">CloseCurlyDoubleQuote;</code> </td> <td> U+0201D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rdquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-CloseCurlyQuote><td> <code title="">CloseCurlyQuote;</code> </td> <td> U+02019 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rsquor;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-clubs><td> <code title="">clubs;</code> </td> <td> U+02663 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&clubs;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-clubsuit><td> <code title="">clubsuit;</code> </td> <td> U+02663 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&clubs;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Colon><td> <code title="">Colon;</code> </td> <td> U+02237 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Colon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-colon><td> <code title="">colon;</code> </td> <td> U+0003A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">:</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Colone><td> <code title="">Colone;</code> </td> <td> U+02A74 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Colone;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-colone><td> <code title="">colone;</code> </td> <td> U+02254 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&coloneq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-coloneq><td> <code title="">coloneq;</code> </td> <td> U+02254 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&coloneq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-comma><td> <code title="">comma;</code> </td> <td> U+0002C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">,</span> </td> <tr id=entity-commat><td> <code title="">commat;</code> </td> <td> U+00040 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">@</span> </td> <tr id=entity-comp><td> <code title="">comp;</code> </td> <td> U+02201 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&complement;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-compfn><td> <code title="">compfn;</code> </td> <td> U+02218 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&compfn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-complement><td> <code title="">complement;</code> </td> <td> U+02201 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&complement;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-complexes><td> <code title="">complexes;</code> </td> <td> U+02102 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&complexes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cong><td> <code title="">cong;</code> </td> <td> U+02245 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cong;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-congdot><td> <code title="">congdot;</code> </td> <td> U+02A6D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&congdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Congruent><td> <code title="">Congruent;</code> </td> <td> U+02261 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&equiv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Conint><td> <code title="">Conint;</code> </td> <td> U+0222F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Conint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-conint><td> <code title="">conint;</code> </td> <td> U+0222E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&conint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ContourIntegral><td> <code title="">ContourIntegral;</code> </td> <td> U+0222E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&conint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Copf><td> <code title="">Copf;</code> </td> <td> U+02102 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&complexes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-copf><td> <code title="">copf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D554 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&copf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-coprod><td> <code title="">coprod;</code> </td> <td> U+02210 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&coprod;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Coproduct><td> <code title="">Coproduct;</code> </td> <td> U+02210 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&coprod;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-COPY><td> <code title="">COPY;</code> </td> <td> U+000A9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&copy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-COPY-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">COPY</code> </td> <td> U+000A9 </td> <td> <span title="">&copy;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-copy><td> <code title="">copy;</code> </td> <td> U+000A9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&copy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-copy-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">copy</code> </td> <td> U+000A9 </td> <td> <span title="">&copy;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-copysr><td> <code title="">copysr;</code> </td> <td> U+02117 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&copysr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-CounterClockwiseContourIntegral><td> <code title="">CounterClockwiseContourIntegral;</code> </td> <td> U+02233 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&awconint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-crarr><td> <code title="">crarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&crarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Cross><td> <code title="">Cross;</code> </td> <td> U+02A2F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Cross;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cross><td> <code title="">cross;</code> </td> <td> U+02717 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cross;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Cscr><td> <code title="">Cscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D49E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Cscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cscr><td> <code title="">cscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4B8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-csub><td> <code title="">csub;</code> </td> <td> U+02ACF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&csub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-csube><td> <code title="">csube;</code> </td> <td> U+02AD1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&csube;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-csup><td> <code title="">csup;</code> </td> <td> U+02AD0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&csup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-csupe><td> <code title="">csupe;</code> </td> <td> U+02AD2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&csupe;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ctdot><td> <code title="">ctdot;</code> </td> <td> U+022EF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ctdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cudarrl><td> <code title="">cudarrl;</code> </td> <td> U+02938 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cudarrl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cudarrr><td> <code title="">cudarrr;</code> </td> <td> U+02935 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cudarrr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cuepr><td> <code title="">cuepr;</code> </td> <td> U+022DE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cuepr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cuesc><td> <code title="">cuesc;</code> </td> <td> U+022DF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&curlyeqsucc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cularr><td> <code title="">cularr;</code> </td> <td> U+021B6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&curvearrowleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cularrp><td> <code title="">cularrp;</code> </td> <td> U+0293D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cularrp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Cup><td> <code title="">Cup;</code> </td> <td> U+022D3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Cup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cup><td> <code title="">cup;</code> </td> <td> U+0222A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cupbrcap><td> <code title="">cupbrcap;</code> </td> <td> U+02A48 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cupbrcap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-CupCap><td> <code title="">CupCap;</code> </td> <td> U+0224D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&asympeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cupcap><td> <code title="">cupcap;</code> </td> <td> U+02A46 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cupcap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cupcup><td> <code title="">cupcup;</code> </td> <td> U+02A4A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cupcup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cupdot><td> <code title="">cupdot;</code> </td> <td> U+0228D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cupdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cupor><td> <code title="">cupor;</code> </td> <td> U+02A45 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cupor;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cups><td> <code title="">cups;</code> </td> <td> U+0222A U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&cup;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-curarr><td> <code title="">curarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021B7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&curarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-curarrm><td> <code title="">curarrm;</code> </td> <td> U+0293C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&curarrm;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-curlyeqprec><td> <code title="">curlyeqprec;</code> </td> <td> U+022DE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cuepr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-curlyeqsucc><td> <code title="">curlyeqsucc;</code> </td> <td> U+022DF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&curlyeqsucc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-curlyvee><td> <code title="">curlyvee;</code> </td> <td> U+022CE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cuvee;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-curlywedge><td> <code title="">curlywedge;</code> </td> <td> U+022CF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&curlywedge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-curren><td> <code title="">curren;</code> </td> <td> U+000A4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&curren;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-curren-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">curren</code> </td> <td> U+000A4 </td> <td> <span title="">&curren;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-curvearrowleft><td> <code title="">curvearrowleft;</code> </td> <td> U+021B6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&curvearrowleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-curvearrowright><td> <code title="">curvearrowright;</code> </td> <td> U+021B7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&curarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cuvee><td> <code title="">cuvee;</code> </td> <td> U+022CE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cuvee;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cuwed><td> <code title="">cuwed;</code> </td> <td> U+022CF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&curlywedge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cwconint><td> <code title="">cwconint;</code> </td> <td> U+02232 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cwconint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cwint><td> <code title="">cwint;</code> </td> <td> U+02231 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cwint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-cylcty><td> <code title="">cylcty;</code> </td> <td> U+0232D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cylcty;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Dagger><td> <code title="">Dagger;</code> </td> <td> U+02021 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&#x2021;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dagger><td> <code title="">dagger;</code> </td> <td> U+02020 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dagger;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-daleth><td> <code title="">daleth;</code> </td> <td> U+02138 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&daleth;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Darr><td> <code title="">Darr;</code> </td> <td> U+021A1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Darr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dArr><td> <code title="">dArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021D3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DoubleDownArrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-darr><td> <code title="">darr;</code> </td> <td> U+02193 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&downarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dash><td> <code title="">dash;</code> </td> <td> U+02010 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Dashv><td> <code title="">Dashv;</code> </td> <td> U+02AE4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DoubleLeftTee;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dashv><td> <code title="">dashv;</code> </td> <td> U+022A3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dashv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dbkarow><td> <code title="">dbkarow;</code> </td> <td> U+0290F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dbkarow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dblac><td> <code title="">dblac;</code> </td> <td> U+002DD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dblac;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Dcaron><td> <code title="">Dcaron;</code> </td> <td> U+0010E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Dcaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dcaron><td> <code title="">dcaron;</code> </td> <td> U+0010F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dcaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Dcy><td> <code title="">Dcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00414 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Dcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dcy><td> <code title="">dcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00434 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DD><td> <code title="">DD;</code> </td> <td> U+02145 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DD;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dd><td> <code title="">dd;</code> </td> <td> U+02146 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ddagger><td> <code title="">ddagger;</code> </td> <td> U+02021 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&#x2021;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ddarr><td> <code title="">ddarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021CA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ddarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DDotrahd><td> <code title="">DDotrahd;</code> </td> <td> U+02911 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DDotrahd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ddotseq><td> <code title="">ddotseq;</code> </td> <td> U+02A77 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ddotseq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-deg><td> <code title="">deg;</code> </td> <td> U+000B0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&deg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-deg-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">deg</code> </td> <td> U+000B0 </td> <td> <span title="">&deg;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Del><td> <code title="">Del;</code> </td> <td> U+02207 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nabla;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Delta><td> <code title="">Delta;</code> </td> <td> U+00394 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Delta;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-delta><td> <code title="">delta;</code> </td> <td> U+003B4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&delta;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-demptyv><td> <code title="">demptyv;</code> </td> <td> U+029B1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&demptyv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dfisht><td> <code title="">dfisht;</code> </td> <td> U+0297F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dfisht;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Dfr><td> <code title="">Dfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D507 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Dfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dfr><td> <code title="">dfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D521 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dHar><td> <code title="">dHar;</code> </td> <td> U+02965 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dHar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dharl><td> <code title="">dharl;</code> </td> <td> U+021C3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&downharpoonleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dharr><td> <code title="">dharr;</code> </td> <td> U+021C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dharr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DiacriticalAcute><td> <code title="">DiacriticalAcute;</code> </td> <td> U+000B4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&acute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DiacriticalDot><td> <code title="">DiacriticalDot;</code> </td> <td> U+002D9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DiacriticalDoubleAcute><td> <code title="">DiacriticalDoubleAcute;</code> </td> <td> U+002DD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dblac;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DiacriticalGrave><td> <code title="">DiacriticalGrave;</code> </td> <td> U+00060 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">`</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DiacriticalTilde><td> <code title="">DiacriticalTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+002DC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tilde;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-diam><td> <code title="">diam;</code> </td> <td> U+022C4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&diamond;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Diamond><td> <code title="">Diamond;</code> </td> <td> U+022C4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&diamond;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-diamond><td> <code title="">diamond;</code> </td> <td> U+022C4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&diamond;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-diamondsuit><td> <code title="">diamondsuit;</code> </td> <td> U+02666 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&diams;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-diams><td> <code title="">diams;</code> </td> <td> U+02666 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&diams;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-die><td> <code title="">die;</code> </td> <td> U+000A8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&die;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DifferentialD><td> <code title="">DifferentialD;</code> </td> <td> U+02146 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-digamma><td> <code title="">digamma;</code> </td> <td> U+003DD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gammad;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-disin><td> <code title="">disin;</code> </td> <td> U+022F2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&disin;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-div><td> <code title="">div;</code> </td> <td> U+000F7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&divide;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-divide><td> <code title="">divide;</code> </td> <td> U+000F7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&divide;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-divide-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">divide</code> </td> <td> U+000F7 </td> <td> <span title="">&divide;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-divideontimes><td> <code title="">divideontimes;</code> </td> <td> U+022C7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&divonx;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-divonx><td> <code title="">divonx;</code> </td> <td> U+022C7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&divonx;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DJcy><td> <code title="">DJcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00402 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DJcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-djcy><td> <code title="">djcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00452 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&djcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dlcorn><td> <code title="">dlcorn;</code> </td> <td> U+0231E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dlcorn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dlcrop><td> <code title="">dlcrop;</code> </td> <td> U+0230D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dlcrop;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dollar><td> <code title="">dollar;</code> </td> <td> U+00024 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">$</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Dopf><td> <code title="">Dopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D53B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Dopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dopf><td> <code title="">dopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D555 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Dot><td> <code title="">Dot;</code> </td> <td> U+000A8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&die;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dot><td> <code title="">dot;</code> </td> <td> U+002D9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DotDot><td> <code title="">DotDot;</code> </td> <td> U+020DC </td> <td> <span class="glyph composition" title="">&#x25cc;&DotDot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-doteq><td> <code title="">doteq;</code> </td> <td> U+02250 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&esdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-doteqdot><td> <code title="">doteqdot;</code> </td> <td> U+02251 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&doteqdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DotEqual><td> <code title="">DotEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02250 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&esdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dotminus><td> <code title="">dotminus;</code> </td> <td> U+02238 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dotminus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dotplus><td> <code title="">dotplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02214 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dotplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dotsquare><td> <code title="">dotsquare;</code> </td> <td> U+022A1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dotsquare;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-doublebarwedge><td> <code title="">doublebarwedge;</code> </td> <td> U+02306 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&doublebarwedge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleContourIntegral><td> <code title="">DoubleContourIntegral;</code> </td> <td> U+0222F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Conint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleDot><td> <code title="">DoubleDot;</code> </td> <td> U+000A8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&die;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleDownArrow><td> <code title="">DoubleDownArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021D3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DoubleDownArrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleLeftArrow><td> <code title="">DoubleLeftArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021D0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleLeftRightArrow><td> <code title="">DoubleLeftRightArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021D4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iff;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleLeftTee><td> <code title="">DoubleLeftTee;</code> </td> <td> U+02AE4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DoubleLeftTee;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleLongLeftArrow><td> <code title="">DoubleLongLeftArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+027F8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Longleftarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleLongLeftRightArrow><td> <code title="">DoubleLongLeftRightArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+027FA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DoubleLongLeftRightArrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleLongRightArrow><td> <code title="">DoubleLongRightArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+027F9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xrArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleRightArrow><td> <code title="">DoubleRightArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021D2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Implies;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleRightTee><td> <code title="">DoubleRightTee;</code> </td> <td> U+022A8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vDash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleUpArrow><td> <code title="">DoubleUpArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021D1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Uparrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleUpDownArrow><td> <code title="">DoubleUpDownArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021D5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DoubleUpDownArrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DoubleVerticalBar><td> <code title="">DoubleVerticalBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02225 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&spar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownArrow><td> <code title="">DownArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02193 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&downarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Downarrow><td> <code title="">Downarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021D3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DoubleDownArrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-downarrow><td> <code title="">downarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02193 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&downarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownArrowBar><td> <code title="">DownArrowBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02913 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DownArrowBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownArrowUpArrow><td> <code title="">DownArrowUpArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021F5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&duarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownBreve><td> <code title="">DownBreve;</code> </td> <td> U+00311 </td> <td> <span class="glyph composition" title="">&#x25cc;&DownBreve;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-downdownarrows><td> <code title="">downdownarrows;</code> </td> <td> U+021CA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ddarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-downharpoonleft><td> <code title="">downharpoonleft;</code> </td> <td> U+021C3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&downharpoonleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-downharpoonright><td> <code title="">downharpoonright;</code> </td> <td> U+021C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dharr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownLeftRightVector><td> <code title="">DownLeftRightVector;</code> </td> <td> U+02950 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DownLeftRightVector;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownLeftTeeVector><td> <code title="">DownLeftTeeVector;</code> </td> <td> U+0295E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DownLeftTeeVector;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownLeftVector><td> <code title="">DownLeftVector;</code> </td> <td> U+021BD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftharpoondown;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownLeftVectorBar><td> <code title="">DownLeftVectorBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02956 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DownLeftVectorBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownRightTeeVector><td> <code title="">DownRightTeeVector;</code> </td> <td> U+0295F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DownRightTeeVector;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownRightVector><td> <code title="">DownRightVector;</code> </td> <td> U+021C1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rhard;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownRightVectorBar><td> <code title="">DownRightVectorBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02957 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DownRightVectorBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownTee><td> <code title="">DownTee;</code> </td> <td> U+022A4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&top;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DownTeeArrow><td> <code title="">DownTeeArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021A7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mapstodown;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-drbkarow><td> <code title="">drbkarow;</code> </td> <td> U+02910 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&drbkarow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-drcorn><td> <code title="">drcorn;</code> </td> <td> U+0231F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&drcorn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-drcrop><td> <code title="">drcrop;</code> </td> <td> U+0230C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&drcrop;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Dscr><td> <code title="">Dscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D49F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Dscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dscr><td> <code title="">dscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4B9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DScy><td> <code title="">DScy;</code> </td> <td> U+00405 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DScy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dscy><td> <code title="">dscy;</code> </td> <td> U+00455 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dscy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dsol><td> <code title="">dsol;</code> </td> <td> U+029F6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dsol;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Dstrok><td> <code title="">Dstrok;</code> </td> <td> U+00110 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Dstrok;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dstrok><td> <code title="">dstrok;</code> </td> <td> U+00111 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dstrok;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dtdot><td> <code title="">dtdot;</code> </td> <td> U+022F1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dtdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dtri><td> <code title="">dtri;</code> </td> <td> U+025BF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&triangledown;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dtrif><td> <code title="">dtrif;</code> </td> <td> U+025BE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blacktriangledown;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-duarr><td> <code title="">duarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021F5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&duarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-duhar><td> <code title="">duhar;</code> </td> <td> U+0296F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&duhar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dwangle><td> <code title="">dwangle;</code> </td> <td> U+029A6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dwangle;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-DZcy><td> <code title="">DZcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0040F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DZcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dzcy><td> <code title="">dzcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0045F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dzcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-dzigrarr><td> <code title="">dzigrarr;</code> </td> <td> U+027FF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dzigrarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Eacute><td> <code title="">Eacute;</code> </td> <td> U+000C9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Eacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Eacute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Eacute</code> </td> <td> U+000C9 </td> <td> <span title="">&Eacute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-eacute><td> <code title="">eacute;</code> </td> <td> U+000E9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eacute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">eacute</code> </td> <td> U+000E9 </td> <td> <span title="">&eacute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-easter><td> <code title="">easter;</code> </td> <td> U+02A6E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&easter;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ecaron><td> <code title="">Ecaron;</code> </td> <td> U+0011A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ecaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ecaron><td> <code title="">ecaron;</code> </td> <td> U+0011B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ecaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ecir><td> <code title="">ecir;</code> </td> <td> U+02256 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eqcirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ecirc><td> <code title="">Ecirc;</code> </td> <td> U+000CA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ecirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ecirc-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Ecirc</code> </td> <td> U+000CA </td> <td> <span title="">&Ecirc;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ecirc><td> <code title="">ecirc;</code> </td> <td> U+000EA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ecirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ecirc-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">ecirc</code> </td> <td> U+000EA </td> <td> <span title="">&ecirc;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ecolon><td> <code title="">ecolon;</code> </td> <td> U+02255 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eqcolon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ecy><td> <code title="">Ecy;</code> </td> <td> U+0042D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ecy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ecy><td> <code title="">ecy;</code> </td> <td> U+0044D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ecy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eDDot><td> <code title="">eDDot;</code> </td> <td> U+02A77 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ddotseq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Edot><td> <code title="">Edot;</code> </td> <td> U+00116 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Edot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eDot><td> <code title="">eDot;</code> </td> <td> U+02251 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&doteqdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-edot><td> <code title="">edot;</code> </td> <td> U+00117 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&edot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ee><td> <code title="">ee;</code> </td> <td> U+02147 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&exponentiale;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-efDot><td> <code title="">efDot;</code> </td> <td> U+02252 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&fallingdotseq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Efr><td> <code title="">Efr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D508 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Efr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-efr><td> <code title="">efr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D522 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&efr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eg><td> <code title="">eg;</code> </td> <td> U+02A9A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Egrave><td> <code title="">Egrave;</code> </td> <td> U+000C8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Egrave;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Egrave-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Egrave</code> </td> <td> U+000C8 </td> <td> <span title="">&Egrave;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-egrave><td> <code title="">egrave;</code> </td> <td> U+000E8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&egrave;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-egrave-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">egrave</code> </td> <td> U+000E8 </td> <td> <span title="">&egrave;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-egs><td> <code title="">egs;</code> </td> <td> U+02A96 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&egs;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-egsdot><td> <code title="">egsdot;</code> </td> <td> U+02A98 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&egsdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-el><td> <code title="">el;</code> </td> <td> U+02A99 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&el;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Element><td> <code title="">Element;</code> </td> <td> U+02208 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&in;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-elinters><td> <code title="">elinters;</code> </td> <td> U+023E7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&elinters;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ell><td> <code title="">ell;</code> </td> <td> U+02113 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ell;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-els><td> <code title="">els;</code> </td> <td> U+02A95 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eqslantless;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-elsdot><td> <code title="">elsdot;</code> </td> <td> U+02A97 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&elsdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Emacr><td> <code title="">Emacr;</code> </td> <td> U+00112 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Emacr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-emacr><td> <code title="">emacr;</code> </td> <td> U+00113 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&emacr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-empty><td> <code title="">empty;</code> </td> <td> U+02205 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&emptyv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-emptyset><td> <code title="">emptyset;</code> </td> <td> U+02205 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&emptyv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-EmptySmallSquare><td> <code title="">EmptySmallSquare;</code> </td> <td> U+025FB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&EmptySmallSquare;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-emptyv><td> <code title="">emptyv;</code> </td> <td> U+02205 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&emptyv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-EmptyVerySmallSquare><td> <code title="">EmptyVerySmallSquare;</code> </td> <td> U+025AB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&EmptyVerySmallSquare;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-emsp><td> <code title="">emsp;</code> </td> <td> U+02003 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&emsp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-emsp13><td> <code title="">emsp13;</code> </td> <td> U+02004 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&emsp13;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-emsp14><td> <code title="">emsp14;</code> </td> <td> U+02005 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&emsp14;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ENG><td> <code title="">ENG;</code> </td> <td> U+0014A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ENG;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eng><td> <code title="">eng;</code> </td> <td> U+0014B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eng;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ensp><td> <code title="">ensp;</code> </td> <td> U+02002 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ensp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Eogon><td> <code title="">Eogon;</code> </td> <td> U+00118 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Eogon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eogon><td> <code title="">eogon;</code> </td> <td> U+00119 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eogon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Eopf><td> <code title="">Eopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D53C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Eopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eopf><td> <code title="">eopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D556 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-epar><td> <code title="">epar;</code> </td> <td> U+022D5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&epar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eparsl><td> <code title="">eparsl;</code> </td> <td> U+029E3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eparsl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eplus><td> <code title="">eplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02A71 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-epsi><td> <code title="">epsi;</code> </td> <td> U+003B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&epsi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Epsilon><td> <code title="">Epsilon;</code> </td> <td> U+00395 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Epsilon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-epsilon><td> <code title="">epsilon;</code> </td> <td> U+003B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&epsi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-epsiv><td> <code title="">epsiv;</code> </td> <td> U+003F5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&straightepsilon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eqcirc><td> <code title="">eqcirc;</code> </td> <td> U+02256 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eqcirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eqcolon><td> <code title="">eqcolon;</code> </td> <td> U+02255 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eqcolon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eqsim><td> <code title="">eqsim;</code> </td> <td> U+02242 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&esim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eqslantgtr><td> <code title="">eqslantgtr;</code> </td> <td> U+02A96 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&egs;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eqslantless><td> <code title="">eqslantless;</code> </td> <td> U+02A95 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eqslantless;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Equal><td> <code title="">Equal;</code> </td> <td> U+02A75 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Equal;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-equals><td> <code title="">equals;</code> </td> <td> U+0003D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">=</span> </td> <tr id=entity-EqualTilde><td> <code title="">EqualTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+02242 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&esim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-equest><td> <code title="">equest;</code> </td> <td> U+0225F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&questeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Equilibrium><td> <code title="">Equilibrium;</code> </td> <td> U+021CC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rlhar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-equiv><td> <code title="">equiv;</code> </td> <td> U+02261 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&equiv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-equivDD><td> <code title="">equivDD;</code> </td> <td> U+02A78 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&equivDD;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eqvparsl><td> <code title="">eqvparsl;</code> </td> <td> U+029E5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eqvparsl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-erarr><td> <code title="">erarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02971 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&erarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-erDot><td> <code title="">erDot;</code> </td> <td> U+02253 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&risingdotseq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Escr><td> <code title="">Escr;</code> </td> <td> U+02130 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&expectation;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-escr><td> <code title="">escr;</code> </td> <td> U+0212F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&escr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-esdot><td> <code title="">esdot;</code> </td> <td> U+02250 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&esdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Esim><td> <code title="">Esim;</code> </td> <td> U+02A73 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Esim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-esim><td> <code title="">esim;</code> </td> <td> U+02242 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&esim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Eta><td> <code title="">Eta;</code> </td> <td> U+00397 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Eta;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eta><td> <code title="">eta;</code> </td> <td> U+003B7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eta;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ETH><td> <code title="">ETH;</code> </td> <td> U+000D0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ETH;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ETH-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">ETH</code> </td> <td> U+000D0 </td> <td> <span title="">&ETH;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-eth><td> <code title="">eth;</code> </td> <td> U+000F0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&eth;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-eth-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">eth</code> </td> <td> U+000F0 </td> <td> <span title="">&eth;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Euml><td> <code title="">Euml;</code> </td> <td> U+000CB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Euml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Euml-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Euml</code> </td> <td> U+000CB </td> <td> <span title="">&Euml;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-euml><td> <code title="">euml;</code> </td> <td> U+000EB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&euml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-euml-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">euml</code> </td> <td> U+000EB </td> <td> <span title="">&euml;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-euro><td> <code title="">euro;</code> </td> <td> U+020AC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&euro;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-excl><td> <code title="">excl;</code> </td> <td> U+00021 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">!</span> </td> <tr id=entity-exist><td> <code title="">exist;</code> </td> <td> U+02203 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&exist;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Exists><td> <code title="">Exists;</code> </td> <td> U+02203 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&exist;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-expectation><td> <code title="">expectation;</code> </td> <td> U+02130 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&expectation;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ExponentialE><td> <code title="">ExponentialE;</code> </td> <td> U+02147 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&exponentiale;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-exponentiale><td> <code title="">exponentiale;</code> </td> <td> U+02147 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&exponentiale;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-fallingdotseq><td> <code title="">fallingdotseq;</code> </td> <td> U+02252 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&fallingdotseq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Fcy><td> <code title="">Fcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00424 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Fcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-fcy><td> <code title="">fcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00444 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&fcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-female><td> <code title="">female;</code> </td> <td> U+02640 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&female;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ffilig><td> <code title="">ffilig;</code> </td> <td> U+0FB03 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ffilig;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-fflig><td> <code title="">fflig;</code> </td> <td> U+0FB00 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&fflig;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ffllig><td> <code title="">ffllig;</code> </td> <td> U+0FB04 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ffllig;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ffr><td> <code title="">Ffr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D509 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ffr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ffr><td> <code title="">ffr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D523 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ffr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-filig><td> <code title="">filig;</code> </td> <td> U+0FB01 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&filig;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-FilledSmallSquare><td> <code title="">FilledSmallSquare;</code> </td> <td> U+025FC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&FilledSmallSquare;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-FilledVerySmallSquare><td> <code title="">FilledVerySmallSquare;</code> </td> <td> U+025AA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blacksquare;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-fjlig><td> <code title="">fjlig;</code> </td> <td> U+00066 U+0006A </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">fj</span> </td> <tr id=entity-flat><td> <code title="">flat;</code> </td> <td> U+0266D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&flat;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-fllig><td> <code title="">fllig;</code> </td> <td> U+0FB02 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&fllig;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-fltns><td> <code title="">fltns;</code> </td> <td> U+025B1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&fltns;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-fnof><td> <code title="">fnof;</code> </td> <td> U+00192 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&fnof;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Fopf><td> <code title="">Fopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D53D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Fopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-fopf><td> <code title="">fopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D557 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&fopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ForAll><td> <code title="">ForAll;</code> </td> <td> U+02200 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&forall;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-forall><td> <code title="">forall;</code> </td> <td> U+02200 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&forall;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-fork><td> <code title="">fork;</code> </td> <td> U+022D4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&fork;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-forkv><td> <code title="">forkv;</code> </td> <td> U+02AD9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&forkv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Fouriertrf><td> <code title="">Fouriertrf;</code> </td> <td> U+02131 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Fscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-fpartint><td> <code title="">fpartint;</code> </td> <td> U+02A0D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&fpartint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac12><td> <code title="">frac12;</code> </td> <td> U+000BD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&half;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac12-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">frac12</code> </td> <td> U+000BD </td> <td> <span title="">&half;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-frac13><td> <code title="">frac13;</code> </td> <td> U+02153 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac13;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac14><td> <code title="">frac14;</code> </td> <td> U+000BC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac14;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac14-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">frac14</code> </td> <td> U+000BC </td> <td> <span title="">&frac14;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-frac15><td> <code title="">frac15;</code> </td> <td> U+02155 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac15;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac16><td> <code title="">frac16;</code> </td> <td> U+02159 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac16;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac18><td> <code title="">frac18;</code> </td> <td> U+0215B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac18;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac23><td> <code title="">frac23;</code> </td> <td> U+02154 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac23;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac25><td> <code title="">frac25;</code> </td> <td> U+02156 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac25;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac34><td> <code title="">frac34;</code> </td> <td> U+000BE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac34;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac34-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">frac34</code> </td> <td> U+000BE </td> <td> <span title="">&frac34;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-frac35><td> <code title="">frac35;</code> </td> <td> U+02157 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac35;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac38><td> <code title="">frac38;</code> </td> <td> U+0215C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac38;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac45><td> <code title="">frac45;</code> </td> <td> U+02158 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac45;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac56><td> <code title="">frac56;</code> </td> <td> U+0215A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac56;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac58><td> <code title="">frac58;</code> </td> <td> U+0215D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac58;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frac78><td> <code title="">frac78;</code> </td> <td> U+0215E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frac78;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frasl><td> <code title="">frasl;</code> </td> <td> U+02044 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frasl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-frown><td> <code title="">frown;</code> </td> <td> U+02322 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frown;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Fscr><td> <code title="">Fscr;</code> </td> <td> U+02131 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Fscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-fscr><td> <code title="">fscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4BB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&fscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gacute><td> <code title="">gacute;</code> </td> <td> U+001F5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Gamma><td> <code title="">Gamma;</code> </td> <td> U+00393 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Gamma;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gamma><td> <code title="">gamma;</code> </td> <td> U+003B3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gamma;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Gammad><td> <code title="">Gammad;</code> </td> <td> U+003DC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Gammad;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gammad><td> <code title="">gammad;</code> </td> <td> U+003DD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gammad;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gap><td> <code title="">gap;</code> </td> <td> U+02A86 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Gbreve><td> <code title="">Gbreve;</code> </td> <td> U+0011E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Gbreve;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gbreve><td> <code title="">gbreve;</code> </td> <td> U+0011F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gbreve;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Gcedil><td> <code title="">Gcedil;</code> </td> <td> U+00122 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Gcedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Gcirc><td> <code title="">Gcirc;</code> </td> <td> U+0011C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Gcirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gcirc><td> <code title="">gcirc;</code> </td> <td> U+0011D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gcirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Gcy><td> <code title="">Gcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00413 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Gcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gcy><td> <code title="">gcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00433 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Gdot><td> <code title="">Gdot;</code> </td> <td> U+00120 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Gdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gdot><td> <code title="">gdot;</code> </td> <td> U+00121 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gE><td> <code title="">gE;</code> </td> <td> U+02267 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&geqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ge><td> <code title="">ge;</code> </td> <td> U+02265 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gEl><td> <code title="">gEl;</code> </td> <td> U+02A8C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtreqqless;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gel><td> <code title="">gel;</code> </td> <td> U+022DB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gel;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-geq><td> <code title="">geq;</code> </td> <td> U+02265 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-geqq><td> <code title="">geqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02267 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&geqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-geqslant><td> <code title="">geqslant;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ges;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ges><td> <code title="">ges;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ges;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gescc><td> <code title="">gescc;</code> </td> <td> U+02AA9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gescc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gesdot><td> <code title="">gesdot;</code> </td> <td> U+02A80 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gesdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gesdoto><td> <code title="">gesdoto;</code> </td> <td> U+02A82 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gesdoto;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gesdotol><td> <code title="">gesdotol;</code> </td> <td> U+02A84 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gesdotol;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gesl><td> <code title="">gesl;</code> </td> <td> U+022DB U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&gel;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gesles><td> <code title="">gesles;</code> </td> <td> U+02A94 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gesles;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Gfr><td> <code title="">Gfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D50A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Gfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gfr><td> <code title="">gfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D524 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Gg><td> <code title="">Gg;</code> </td> <td> U+022D9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ggg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gg><td> <code title="">gg;</code> </td> <td> U+0226B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ggg><td> <code title="">ggg;</code> </td> <td> U+022D9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ggg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gimel><td> <code title="">gimel;</code> </td> <td> U+02137 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gimel;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-GJcy><td> <code title="">GJcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00403 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&GJcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gjcy><td> <code title="">gjcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00453 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gjcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gl><td> <code title="">gl;</code> </td> <td> U+02277 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtrless;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gla><td> <code title="">gla;</code> </td> <td> U+02AA5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gla;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-glE><td> <code title="">glE;</code> </td> <td> U+02A92 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&glE;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-glj><td> <code title="">glj;</code> </td> <td> U+02AA4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&glj;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gnap><td> <code title="">gnap;</code> </td> <td> U+02A8A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gnap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gnapprox><td> <code title="">gnapprox;</code> </td> <td> U+02A8A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gnap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gnE><td> <code title="">gnE;</code> </td> <td> U+02269 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gneqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gne><td> <code title="">gne;</code> </td> <td> U+02A88 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gne;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gneq><td> <code title="">gneq;</code> </td> <td> U+02A88 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gne;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gneqq><td> <code title="">gneqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02269 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gneqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gnsim><td> <code title="">gnsim;</code> </td> <td> U+022E7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gnsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Gopf><td> <code title="">Gopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D53E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Gopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gopf><td> <code title="">gopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D558 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-grave><td> <code title="">grave;</code> </td> <td> U+00060 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">`</span> </td> <tr id=entity-GreaterEqual><td> <code title="">GreaterEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02265 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-GreaterEqualLess><td> <code title="">GreaterEqualLess;</code> </td> <td> U+022DB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gel;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-GreaterFullEqual><td> <code title="">GreaterFullEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02267 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&geqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-GreaterGreater><td> <code title="">GreaterGreater;</code> </td> <td> U+02AA2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&GreaterGreater;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-GreaterLess><td> <code title="">GreaterLess;</code> </td> <td> U+02277 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtrless;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-GreaterSlantEqual><td> <code title="">GreaterSlantEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ges;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-GreaterTilde><td> <code title="">GreaterTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+02273 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtrsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Gscr><td> <code title="">Gscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4A2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Gscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gscr><td> <code title="">gscr;</code> </td> <td> U+0210A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gsim><td> <code title="">gsim;</code> </td> <td> U+02273 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtrsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gsime><td> <code title="">gsime;</code> </td> <td> U+02A8E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gsime;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gsiml><td> <code title="">gsiml;</code> </td> <td> U+02A90 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gsiml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-GT><td> <code title="">GT;</code> </td> <td> U+0003E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-GT-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">GT</code> </td> <td> U+0003E </td> <td> <span title="">&gt;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Gt><td> <code title="">Gt;</code> </td> <td> U+0226B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gt><td> <code title="">gt;</code> </td> <td> U+0003E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gt-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">gt</code> </td> <td> U+0003E </td> <td> <span title="">&gt;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-gtcc><td> <code title="">gtcc;</code> </td> <td> U+02AA7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtcc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gtcir><td> <code title="">gtcir;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtcir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gtdot><td> <code title="">gtdot;</code> </td> <td> U+022D7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gtlPar><td> <code title="">gtlPar;</code> </td> <td> U+02995 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtlPar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gtquest><td> <code title="">gtquest;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtquest;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gtrapprox><td> <code title="">gtrapprox;</code> </td> <td> U+02A86 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gtrarr><td> <code title="">gtrarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02978 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtrarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gtrdot><td> <code title="">gtrdot;</code> </td> <td> U+022D7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gtreqless><td> <code title="">gtreqless;</code> </td> <td> U+022DB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gel;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gtreqqless><td> <code title="">gtreqqless;</code> </td> <td> U+02A8C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtreqqless;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gtrless><td> <code title="">gtrless;</code> </td> <td> U+02277 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtrless;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gtrsim><td> <code title="">gtrsim;</code> </td> <td> U+02273 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gtrsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gvertneqq><td> <code title="">gvertneqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02269 U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&gneqq;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-gvnE><td> <code title="">gvnE;</code> </td> <td> U+02269 U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&gneqq;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Hacek><td> <code title="">Hacek;</code> </td> <td> U+002C7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&caron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hairsp><td> <code title="">hairsp;</code> </td> <td> U+0200A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hairsp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-half><td> <code title="">half;</code> </td> <td> U+000BD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&half;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hamilt><td> <code title="">hamilt;</code> </td> <td> U+0210B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hamilt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-HARDcy><td> <code title="">HARDcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0042A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&HARDcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hardcy><td> <code title="">hardcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0044A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hardcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hArr><td> <code title="">hArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021D4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iff;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-harr><td> <code title="">harr;</code> </td> <td> U+02194 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftrightarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-harrcir><td> <code title="">harrcir;</code> </td> <td> U+02948 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&harrcir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-harrw><td> <code title="">harrw;</code> </td> <td> U+021AD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftrightsquigarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Hat><td> <code title="">Hat;</code> </td> <td> U+0005E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">^</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hbar><td> <code title="">hbar;</code> </td> <td> U+0210F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hslash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Hcirc><td> <code title="">Hcirc;</code> </td> <td> U+00124 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Hcirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hcirc><td> <code title="">hcirc;</code> </td> <td> U+00125 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hcirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hearts><td> <code title="">hearts;</code> </td> <td> U+02665 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hearts;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-heartsuit><td> <code title="">heartsuit;</code> </td> <td> U+02665 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hearts;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hellip><td> <code title="">hellip;</code> </td> <td> U+02026 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mldr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hercon><td> <code title="">hercon;</code> </td> <td> U+022B9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hercon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Hfr><td> <code title="">Hfr;</code> </td> <td> U+0210C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Hfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hfr><td> <code title="">hfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D525 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-HilbertSpace><td> <code title="">HilbertSpace;</code> </td> <td> U+0210B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hamilt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hksearow><td> <code title="">hksearow;</code> </td> <td> U+02925 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hksearow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hkswarow><td> <code title="">hkswarow;</code> </td> <td> U+02926 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hkswarow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hoarr><td> <code title="">hoarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021FF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hoarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-homtht><td> <code title="">homtht;</code> </td> <td> U+0223B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&homtht;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hookleftarrow><td> <code title="">hookleftarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021A9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hookleftarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hookrightarrow><td> <code title="">hookrightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021AA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hookrightarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Hopf><td> <code title="">Hopf;</code> </td> <td> U+0210D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&quaternions;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hopf><td> <code title="">hopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D559 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-horbar><td> <code title="">horbar;</code> </td> <td> U+02015 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&horbar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-HorizontalLine><td> <code title="">HorizontalLine;</code> </td> <td> U+02500 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxh;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Hscr><td> <code title="">Hscr;</code> </td> <td> U+0210B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hamilt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hscr><td> <code title="">hscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4BD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hslash><td> <code title="">hslash;</code> </td> <td> U+0210F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hslash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Hstrok><td> <code title="">Hstrok;</code> </td> <td> U+00126 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Hstrok;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hstrok><td> <code title="">hstrok;</code> </td> <td> U+00127 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hstrok;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-HumpDownHump><td> <code title="">HumpDownHump;</code> </td> <td> U+0224E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bump;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-HumpEqual><td> <code title="">HumpEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+0224F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bumpeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hybull><td> <code title="">hybull;</code> </td> <td> U+02043 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hybull;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-hyphen><td> <code title="">hyphen;</code> </td> <td> U+02010 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Iacute><td> <code title="">Iacute;</code> </td> <td> U+000CD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Iacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Iacute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Iacute</code> </td> <td> U+000CD </td> <td> <span title="">&Iacute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-iacute><td> <code title="">iacute;</code> </td> <td> U+000ED </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iacute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">iacute</code> </td> <td> U+000ED </td> <td> <span title="">&iacute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ic><td> <code title="">ic;</code> </td> <td> U+02063 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ic;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Icirc><td> <code title="">Icirc;</code> </td> <td> U+000CE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Icirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Icirc-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Icirc</code> </td> <td> U+000CE </td> <td> <span title="">&Icirc;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-icirc><td> <code title="">icirc;</code> </td> <td> U+000EE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&icirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-icirc-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">icirc</code> </td> <td> U+000EE </td> <td> <span title="">&icirc;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Icy><td> <code title="">Icy;</code> </td> <td> U+00418 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Icy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-icy><td> <code title="">icy;</code> </td> <td> U+00438 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&icy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Idot><td> <code title="">Idot;</code> </td> <td> U+00130 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Idot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-IEcy><td> <code title="">IEcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00415 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&IEcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iecy><td> <code title="">iecy;</code> </td> <td> U+00435 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iecy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iexcl><td> <code title="">iexcl;</code> </td> <td> U+000A1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iexcl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iexcl-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">iexcl</code> </td> <td> U+000A1 </td> <td> <span title="">&iexcl;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-iff><td> <code title="">iff;</code> </td> <td> U+021D4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iff;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ifr><td> <code title="">Ifr;</code> </td> <td> U+02111 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&image;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ifr><td> <code title="">ifr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D526 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ifr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Igrave><td> <code title="">Igrave;</code> </td> <td> U+000CC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Igrave;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Igrave-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Igrave</code> </td> <td> U+000CC </td> <td> <span title="">&Igrave;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-igrave><td> <code title="">igrave;</code> </td> <td> U+000EC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&igrave;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-igrave-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">igrave</code> </td> <td> U+000EC </td> <td> <span title="">&igrave;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ii><td> <code title="">ii;</code> </td> <td> U+02148 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ii;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iiiint><td> <code title="">iiiint;</code> </td> <td> U+02A0C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iiiint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iiint><td> <code title="">iiint;</code> </td> <td> U+0222D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iiint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iinfin><td> <code title="">iinfin;</code> </td> <td> U+029DC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iinfin;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iiota><td> <code title="">iiota;</code> </td> <td> U+02129 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iiota;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-IJlig><td> <code title="">IJlig;</code> </td> <td> U+00132 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&IJlig;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ijlig><td> <code title="">ijlig;</code> </td> <td> U+00133 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ijlig;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Im><td> <code title="">Im;</code> </td> <td> U+02111 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&image;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Imacr><td> <code title="">Imacr;</code> </td> <td> U+0012A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Imacr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-imacr><td> <code title="">imacr;</code> </td> <td> U+0012B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&imacr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-image><td> <code title="">image;</code> </td> <td> U+02111 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&image;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ImaginaryI><td> <code title="">ImaginaryI;</code> </td> <td> U+02148 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ii;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-imagline><td> <code title="">imagline;</code> </td> <td> U+02110 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&imagline;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-imagpart><td> <code title="">imagpart;</code> </td> <td> U+02111 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&image;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-imath><td> <code title="">imath;</code> </td> <td> U+00131 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&inodot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-imof><td> <code title="">imof;</code> </td> <td> U+022B7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&imof;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-imped><td> <code title="">imped;</code> </td> <td> U+001B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&imped;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Implies><td> <code title="">Implies;</code> </td> <td> U+021D2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Implies;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-in><td> <code title="">in;</code> </td> <td> U+02208 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&in;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-incare><td> <code title="">incare;</code> </td> <td> U+02105 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&incare;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-infin><td> <code title="">infin;</code> </td> <td> U+0221E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&infin;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-infintie><td> <code title="">infintie;</code> </td> <td> U+029DD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&infintie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-inodot><td> <code title="">inodot;</code> </td> <td> U+00131 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&inodot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Int><td> <code title="">Int;</code> </td> <td> U+0222C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Int;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-int><td> <code title="">int;</code> </td> <td> U+0222B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&int;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-intcal><td> <code title="">intcal;</code> </td> <td> U+022BA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&intcal;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-integers><td> <code title="">integers;</code> </td> <td> U+02124 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&integers;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Integral><td> <code title="">Integral;</code> </td> <td> U+0222B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&int;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-intercal><td> <code title="">intercal;</code> </td> <td> U+022BA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&intcal;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Intersection><td> <code title="">Intersection;</code> </td> <td> U+022C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigcap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-intlarhk><td> <code title="">intlarhk;</code> </td> <td> U+02A17 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&intlarhk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-intprod><td> <code title="">intprod;</code> </td> <td> U+02A3C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iprod;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-InvisibleComma><td> <code title="">InvisibleComma;</code> </td> <td> U+02063 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ic;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-InvisibleTimes><td> <code title="">InvisibleTimes;</code> </td> <td> U+02062 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&it;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-IOcy><td> <code title="">IOcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00401 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&IOcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iocy><td> <code title="">iocy;</code> </td> <td> U+00451 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iocy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Iogon><td> <code title="">Iogon;</code> </td> <td> U+0012E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Iogon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iogon><td> <code title="">iogon;</code> </td> <td> U+0012F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iogon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Iopf><td> <code title="">Iopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D540 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Iopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iopf><td> <code title="">iopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D55A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Iota><td> <code title="">Iota;</code> </td> <td> U+00399 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Iota;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iota><td> <code title="">iota;</code> </td> <td> U+003B9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iota;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iprod><td> <code title="">iprod;</code> </td> <td> U+02A3C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iprod;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iquest><td> <code title="">iquest;</code> </td> <td> U+000BF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iquest;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iquest-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">iquest</code> </td> <td> U+000BF </td> <td> <span title="">&iquest;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Iscr><td> <code title="">Iscr;</code> </td> <td> U+02110 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&imagline;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iscr><td> <code title="">iscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4BE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-isin><td> <code title="">isin;</code> </td> <td> U+02208 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&in;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-isindot><td> <code title="">isindot;</code> </td> <td> U+022F5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&isindot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-isinE><td> <code title="">isinE;</code> </td> <td> U+022F9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&isinE;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-isins><td> <code title="">isins;</code> </td> <td> U+022F4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&isins;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-isinsv><td> <code title="">isinsv;</code> </td> <td> U+022F3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&isinsv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-isinv><td> <code title="">isinv;</code> </td> <td> U+02208 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&in;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-it><td> <code title="">it;</code> </td> <td> U+02062 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&it;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Itilde><td> <code title="">Itilde;</code> </td> <td> U+00128 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Itilde;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-itilde><td> <code title="">itilde;</code> </td> <td> U+00129 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&itilde;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Iukcy><td> <code title="">Iukcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00406 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Iukcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iukcy><td> <code title="">iukcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00456 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iukcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Iuml><td> <code title="">Iuml;</code> </td> <td> U+000CF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Iuml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Iuml-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Iuml</code> </td> <td> U+000CF </td> <td> <span title="">&Iuml;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-iuml><td> <code title="">iuml;</code> </td> <td> U+000EF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iuml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-iuml-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">iuml</code> </td> <td> U+000EF </td> <td> <span title="">&iuml;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Jcirc><td> <code title="">Jcirc;</code> </td> <td> U+00134 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Jcirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-jcirc><td> <code title="">jcirc;</code> </td> <td> U+00135 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&jcirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Jcy><td> <code title="">Jcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00419 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Jcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-jcy><td> <code title="">jcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00439 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&jcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Jfr><td> <code title="">Jfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D50D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Jfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-jfr><td> <code title="">jfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D527 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&jfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-jmath><td> <code title="">jmath;</code> </td> <td> U+00237 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&jmath;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Jopf><td> <code title="">Jopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D541 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Jopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-jopf><td> <code title="">jopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D55B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&jopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Jscr><td> <code title="">Jscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4A5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Jscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-jscr><td> <code title="">jscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4BF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&jscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Jsercy><td> <code title="">Jsercy;</code> </td> <td> U+00408 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Jsercy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-jsercy><td> <code title="">jsercy;</code> </td> <td> U+00458 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&jsercy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Jukcy><td> <code title="">Jukcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00404 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Jukcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-jukcy><td> <code title="">jukcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00454 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&jukcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Kappa><td> <code title="">Kappa;</code> </td> <td> U+0039A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Kappa;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-kappa><td> <code title="">kappa;</code> </td> <td> U+003BA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&kappa;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-kappav><td> <code title="">kappav;</code> </td> <td> U+003F0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&kappav;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Kcedil><td> <code title="">Kcedil;</code> </td> <td> U+00136 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Kcedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-kcedil><td> <code title="">kcedil;</code> </td> <td> U+00137 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&kcedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Kcy><td> <code title="">Kcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0041A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Kcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-kcy><td> <code title="">kcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0043A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&kcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Kfr><td> <code title="">Kfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D50E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Kfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-kfr><td> <code title="">kfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D528 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&kfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-kgreen><td> <code title="">kgreen;</code> </td> <td> U+00138 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&kgreen;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-KHcy><td> <code title="">KHcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00425 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&KHcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-khcy><td> <code title="">khcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00445 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&khcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-KJcy><td> <code title="">KJcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0040C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&KJcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-kjcy><td> <code title="">kjcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0045C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&kjcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Kopf><td> <code title="">Kopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D542 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Kopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-kopf><td> <code title="">kopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D55C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&kopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Kscr><td> <code title="">Kscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4A6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Kscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-kscr><td> <code title="">kscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4C0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&kscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lAarr><td> <code title="">lAarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021DA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Lleftarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lacute><td> <code title="">Lacute;</code> </td> <td> U+00139 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Lacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lacute><td> <code title="">lacute;</code> </td> <td> U+0013A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-laemptyv><td> <code title="">laemptyv;</code> </td> <td> U+029B4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&laemptyv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lagran><td> <code title="">lagran;</code> </td> <td> U+02112 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lagran;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lambda><td> <code title="">Lambda;</code> </td> <td> U+0039B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Lambda;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lambda><td> <code title="">lambda;</code> </td> <td> U+003BB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lambda;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lang><td> <code title="">Lang;</code> </td> <td> U+027EA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Lang;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lang><td> <code title="">lang;</code> </td> <td> U+027E8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&#x27E8;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-langd><td> <code title="">langd;</code> </td> <td> U+02991 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&langd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-langle><td> <code title="">langle;</code> </td> <td> U+027E8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&#x27E8;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lap><td> <code title="">lap;</code> </td> <td> U+02A85 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Laplacetrf><td> <code title="">Laplacetrf;</code> </td> <td> U+02112 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lagran;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-laquo><td> <code title="">laquo;</code> </td> <td> U+000AB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&laquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-laquo-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">laquo</code> </td> <td> U+000AB </td> <td> <span title="">&laquo;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Larr><td> <code title="">Larr;</code> </td> <td> U+0219E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&twoheadleftarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lArr><td> <code title="">lArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021D0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-larr><td> <code title="">larr;</code> </td> <td> U+02190 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&slarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-larrb><td> <code title="">larrb;</code> </td> <td> U+021E4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&larrb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-larrbfs><td> <code title="">larrbfs;</code> </td> <td> U+0291F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&larrbfs;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-larrfs><td> <code title="">larrfs;</code> </td> <td> U+0291D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&larrfs;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-larrhk><td> <code title="">larrhk;</code> </td> <td> U+021A9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hookleftarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-larrlp><td> <code title="">larrlp;</code> </td> <td> U+021AB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&looparrowleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-larrpl><td> <code title="">larrpl;</code> </td> <td> U+02939 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&larrpl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-larrsim><td> <code title="">larrsim;</code> </td> <td> U+02973 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&larrsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-larrtl><td> <code title="">larrtl;</code> </td> <td> U+021A2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftarrowtail;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lat><td> <code title="">lat;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lat;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lAtail><td> <code title="">lAtail;</code> </td> <td> U+0291B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lAtail;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-latail><td> <code title="">latail;</code> </td> <td> U+02919 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&latail;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-late><td> <code title="">late;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&late;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lates><td> <code title="">lates;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAD U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&late;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lBarr><td> <code title="">lBarr;</code> </td> <td> U+0290E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lBarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lbarr><td> <code title="">lbarr;</code> </td> <td> U+0290C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lbarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lbbrk><td> <code title="">lbbrk;</code> </td> <td> U+02772 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lbbrk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lbrace><td> <code title="">lbrace;</code> </td> <td> U+0007B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">{</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lbrack><td> <code title="">lbrack;</code> </td> <td> U+0005B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">[</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lbrke><td> <code title="">lbrke;</code> </td> <td> U+0298B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lbrke;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lbrksld><td> <code title="">lbrksld;</code> </td> <td> U+0298F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lbrksld;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lbrkslu><td> <code title="">lbrkslu;</code> </td> <td> U+0298D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lbrkslu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lcaron><td> <code title="">Lcaron;</code> </td> <td> U+0013D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Lcaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lcaron><td> <code title="">lcaron;</code> </td> <td> U+0013E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lcaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lcedil><td> <code title="">Lcedil;</code> </td> <td> U+0013B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Lcedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lcedil><td> <code title="">lcedil;</code> </td> <td> U+0013C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lcedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lceil><td> <code title="">lceil;</code> </td> <td> U+02308 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lceil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lcub><td> <code title="">lcub;</code> </td> <td> U+0007B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">{</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lcy><td> <code title="">Lcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0041B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Lcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lcy><td> <code title="">lcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0043B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ldca><td> <code title="">ldca;</code> </td> <td> U+02936 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ldca;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ldquo><td> <code title="">ldquo;</code> </td> <td> U+0201C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ldquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ldquor><td> <code title="">ldquor;</code> </td> <td> U+0201E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ldquor;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ldrdhar><td> <code title="">ldrdhar;</code> </td> <td> U+02967 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ldrdhar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ldrushar><td> <code title="">ldrushar;</code> </td> <td> U+0294B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ldrushar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ldsh><td> <code title="">ldsh;</code> </td> <td> U+021B2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ldsh;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lE><td> <code title="">lE;</code> </td> <td> U+02266 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-le><td> <code title="">le;</code> </td> <td> U+02264 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&le;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftAngleBracket><td> <code title="">LeftAngleBracket;</code> </td> <td> U+027E8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&#x27E8;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftArrow><td> <code title="">LeftArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02190 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&slarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Leftarrow><td> <code title="">Leftarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021D0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leftarrow><td> <code title="">leftarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02190 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&slarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftArrowBar><td> <code title="">LeftArrowBar;</code> </td> <td> U+021E4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&larrb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftArrowRightArrow><td> <code title="">LeftArrowRightArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021C6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftrightarrows;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leftarrowtail><td> <code title="">leftarrowtail;</code> </td> <td> U+021A2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftarrowtail;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftCeiling><td> <code title="">LeftCeiling;</code> </td> <td> U+02308 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lceil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftDoubleBracket><td> <code title="">LeftDoubleBracket;</code> </td> <td> U+027E6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lobrk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftDownTeeVector><td> <code title="">LeftDownTeeVector;</code> </td> <td> U+02961 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&LeftDownTeeVector;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftDownVector><td> <code title="">LeftDownVector;</code> </td> <td> U+021C3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&downharpoonleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftDownVectorBar><td> <code title="">LeftDownVectorBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02959 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&LeftDownVectorBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftFloor><td> <code title="">LeftFloor;</code> </td> <td> U+0230A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lfloor;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leftharpoondown><td> <code title="">leftharpoondown;</code> </td> <td> U+021BD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftharpoondown;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leftharpoonup><td> <code title="">leftharpoonup;</code> </td> <td> U+021BC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lharu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leftleftarrows><td> <code title="">leftleftarrows;</code> </td> <td> U+021C7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&llarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftRightArrow><td> <code title="">LeftRightArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02194 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftrightarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Leftrightarrow><td> <code title="">Leftrightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021D4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iff;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leftrightarrow><td> <code title="">leftrightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02194 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftrightarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leftrightarrows><td> <code title="">leftrightarrows;</code> </td> <td> U+021C6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftrightarrows;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leftrightharpoons><td> <code title="">leftrightharpoons;</code> </td> <td> U+021CB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftrightharpoons;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leftrightsquigarrow><td> <code title="">leftrightsquigarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021AD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftrightsquigarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftRightVector><td> <code title="">LeftRightVector;</code> </td> <td> U+0294E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&LeftRightVector;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftTee><td> <code title="">LeftTee;</code> </td> <td> U+022A3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dashv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftTeeArrow><td> <code title="">LeftTeeArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021A4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mapstoleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftTeeVector><td> <code title="">LeftTeeVector;</code> </td> <td> U+0295A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&LeftTeeVector;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leftthreetimes><td> <code title="">leftthreetimes;</code> </td> <td> U+022CB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lthree;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftTriangle><td> <code title="">LeftTriangle;</code> </td> <td> U+022B2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vartriangleleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftTriangleBar><td> <code title="">LeftTriangleBar;</code> </td> <td> U+029CF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&LeftTriangleBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftTriangleEqual><td> <code title="">LeftTriangleEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+022B4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ltrie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftUpDownVector><td> <code title="">LeftUpDownVector;</code> </td> <td> U+02951 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&LeftUpDownVector;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftUpTeeVector><td> <code title="">LeftUpTeeVector;</code> </td> <td> U+02960 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&LeftUpTeeVector;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftUpVector><td> <code title="">LeftUpVector;</code> </td> <td> U+021BF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&upharpoonleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftUpVectorBar><td> <code title="">LeftUpVectorBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02958 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&LeftUpVectorBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftVector><td> <code title="">LeftVector;</code> </td> <td> U+021BC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lharu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LeftVectorBar><td> <code title="">LeftVectorBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02952 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&LeftVectorBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lEg><td> <code title="">lEg;</code> </td> <td> U+02A8B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lesseqqgtr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leg><td> <code title="">leg;</code> </td> <td> U+022DA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lesseqgtr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leq><td> <code title="">leq;</code> </td> <td> U+02264 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&le;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leqq><td> <code title="">leqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02266 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-leqslant><td> <code title="">leqslant;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&les;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-les><td> <code title="">les;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&les;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lescc><td> <code title="">lescc;</code> </td> <td> U+02AA8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lescc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lesdot><td> <code title="">lesdot;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lesdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lesdoto><td> <code title="">lesdoto;</code> </td> <td> U+02A81 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lesdoto;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lesdotor><td> <code title="">lesdotor;</code> </td> <td> U+02A83 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lesdotor;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lesg><td> <code title="">lesg;</code> </td> <td> U+022DA U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&lesseqgtr;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lesges><td> <code title="">lesges;</code> </td> <td> U+02A93 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lesges;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lessapprox><td> <code title="">lessapprox;</code> </td> <td> U+02A85 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lessdot><td> <code title="">lessdot;</code> </td> <td> U+022D6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lessdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lesseqgtr><td> <code title="">lesseqgtr;</code> </td> <td> U+022DA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lesseqgtr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lesseqqgtr><td> <code title="">lesseqqgtr;</code> </td> <td> U+02A8B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lesseqqgtr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LessEqualGreater><td> <code title="">LessEqualGreater;</code> </td> <td> U+022DA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lesseqgtr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LessFullEqual><td> <code title="">LessFullEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02266 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LessGreater><td> <code title="">LessGreater;</code> </td> <td> U+02276 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lessgtr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lessgtr><td> <code title="">lessgtr;</code> </td> <td> U+02276 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lessgtr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LessLess><td> <code title="">LessLess;</code> </td> <td> U+02AA1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&LessLess;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lesssim><td> <code title="">lesssim;</code> </td> <td> U+02272 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lesssim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LessSlantEqual><td> <code title="">LessSlantEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&les;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LessTilde><td> <code title="">LessTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+02272 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lesssim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lfisht><td> <code title="">lfisht;</code> </td> <td> U+0297C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lfisht;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lfloor><td> <code title="">lfloor;</code> </td> <td> U+0230A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lfloor;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lfr><td> <code title="">Lfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D50F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Lfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lfr><td> <code title="">lfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D529 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lg><td> <code title="">lg;</code> </td> <td> U+02276 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lessgtr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lgE><td> <code title="">lgE;</code> </td> <td> U+02A91 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lgE;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lHar><td> <code title="">lHar;</code> </td> <td> U+02962 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lHar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lhard><td> <code title="">lhard;</code> </td> <td> U+021BD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftharpoondown;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lharu><td> <code title="">lharu;</code> </td> <td> U+021BC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lharu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lharul><td> <code title="">lharul;</code> </td> <td> U+0296A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lharul;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lhblk><td> <code title="">lhblk;</code> </td> <td> U+02584 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lhblk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LJcy><td> <code title="">LJcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00409 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&LJcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ljcy><td> <code title="">ljcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00459 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ljcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ll><td> <code title="">Ll;</code> </td> <td> U+022D8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ll;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ll><td> <code title="">ll;</code> </td> <td> U+0226A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ll;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-llarr><td> <code title="">llarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021C7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&llarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-llcorner><td> <code title="">llcorner;</code> </td> <td> U+0231E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dlcorn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lleftarrow><td> <code title="">Lleftarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021DA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Lleftarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-llhard><td> <code title="">llhard;</code> </td> <td> U+0296B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&llhard;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lltri><td> <code title="">lltri;</code> </td> <td> U+025FA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lltri;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lmidot><td> <code title="">Lmidot;</code> </td> <td> U+0013F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Lmidot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lmidot><td> <code title="">lmidot;</code> </td> <td> U+00140 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lmidot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lmoust><td> <code title="">lmoust;</code> </td> <td> U+023B0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lmoust;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lmoustache><td> <code title="">lmoustache;</code> </td> <td> U+023B0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lmoust;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lnap><td> <code title="">lnap;</code> </td> <td> U+02A89 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lnapprox;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lnapprox><td> <code title="">lnapprox;</code> </td> <td> U+02A89 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lnapprox;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lnE><td> <code title="">lnE;</code> </td> <td> U+02268 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lneqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lne><td> <code title="">lne;</code> </td> <td> U+02A87 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lne;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lneq><td> <code title="">lneq;</code> </td> <td> U+02A87 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lne;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lneqq><td> <code title="">lneqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02268 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lneqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lnsim><td> <code title="">lnsim;</code> </td> <td> U+022E6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lnsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-loang><td> <code title="">loang;</code> </td> <td> U+027EC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&loang;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-loarr><td> <code title="">loarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021FD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&loarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lobrk><td> <code title="">lobrk;</code> </td> <td> U+027E6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lobrk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LongLeftArrow><td> <code title="">LongLeftArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+027F5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xlarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Longleftarrow><td> <code title="">Longleftarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+027F8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Longleftarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-longleftarrow><td> <code title="">longleftarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+027F5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xlarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LongLeftRightArrow><td> <code title="">LongLeftRightArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+027F7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xharr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Longleftrightarrow><td> <code title="">Longleftrightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+027FA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DoubleLongLeftRightArrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-longleftrightarrow><td> <code title="">longleftrightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+027F7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xharr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-longmapsto><td> <code title="">longmapsto;</code> </td> <td> U+027FC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xmap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LongRightArrow><td> <code title="">LongRightArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+027F6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xrarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Longrightarrow><td> <code title="">Longrightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+027F9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xrArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-longrightarrow><td> <code title="">longrightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+027F6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xrarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-looparrowleft><td> <code title="">looparrowleft;</code> </td> <td> U+021AB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&looparrowleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-looparrowright><td> <code title="">looparrowright;</code> </td> <td> U+021AC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rarrlp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lopar><td> <code title="">lopar;</code> </td> <td> U+02985 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lopar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lopf><td> <code title="">Lopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D543 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Lopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lopf><td> <code title="">lopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D55D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-loplus><td> <code title="">loplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02A2D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&loplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lotimes><td> <code title="">lotimes;</code> </td> <td> U+02A34 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lotimes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lowast><td> <code title="">lowast;</code> </td> <td> U+02217 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lowast;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lowbar><td> <code title="">lowbar;</code> </td> <td> U+0005F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">_</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LowerLeftArrow><td> <code title="">LowerLeftArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02199 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&swarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LowerRightArrow><td> <code title="">LowerRightArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02198 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&searrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-loz><td> <code title="">loz;</code> </td> <td> U+025CA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lozenge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lozenge><td> <code title="">lozenge;</code> </td> <td> U+025CA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lozenge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lozf><td> <code title="">lozf;</code> </td> <td> U+029EB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lozf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lpar><td> <code title="">lpar;</code> </td> <td> U+00028 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">(</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lparlt><td> <code title="">lparlt;</code> </td> <td> U+02993 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lparlt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lrarr><td> <code title="">lrarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021C6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftrightarrows;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lrcorner><td> <code title="">lrcorner;</code> </td> <td> U+0231F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&drcorn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lrhar><td> <code title="">lrhar;</code> </td> <td> U+021CB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftrightharpoons;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lrhard><td> <code title="">lrhard;</code> </td> <td> U+0296D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lrhard;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lrm><td> <code title="">lrm;</code> </td> <td> U+0200E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lrm;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lrtri><td> <code title="">lrtri;</code> </td> <td> U+022BF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lrtri;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lsaquo><td> <code title="">lsaquo;</code> </td> <td> U+02039 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lsaquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lscr><td> <code title="">Lscr;</code> </td> <td> U+02112 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lagran;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lscr><td> <code title="">lscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4C1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lsh><td> <code title="">Lsh;</code> </td> <td> U+021B0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lsh;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lsh><td> <code title="">lsh;</code> </td> <td> U+021B0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lsh;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lsim><td> <code title="">lsim;</code> </td> <td> U+02272 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lesssim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lsime><td> <code title="">lsime;</code> </td> <td> U+02A8D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lsime;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lsimg><td> <code title="">lsimg;</code> </td> <td> U+02A8F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lsimg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lsqb><td> <code title="">lsqb;</code> </td> <td> U+0005B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">[</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lsquo><td> <code title="">lsquo;</code> </td> <td> U+02018 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lsquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lsquor><td> <code title="">lsquor;</code> </td> <td> U+0201A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sbquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Lstrok><td> <code title="">Lstrok;</code> </td> <td> U+00141 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Lstrok;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lstrok><td> <code title="">lstrok;</code> </td> <td> U+00142 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lstrok;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LT><td> <code title="">LT;</code> </td> <td> U+0003C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-LT-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">LT</code> </td> <td> U+0003C </td> <td> <span title="">&lt;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Lt><td> <code title="">Lt;</code> </td> <td> U+0226A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ll;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lt><td> <code title="">lt;</code> </td> <td> U+0003C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lt-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">lt</code> </td> <td> U+0003C </td> <td> <span title="">&lt;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ltcc><td> <code title="">ltcc;</code> </td> <td> U+02AA6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ltcc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ltcir><td> <code title="">ltcir;</code> </td> <td> U+02A79 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ltcir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ltdot><td> <code title="">ltdot;</code> </td> <td> U+022D6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lessdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lthree><td> <code title="">lthree;</code> </td> <td> U+022CB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lthree;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ltimes><td> <code title="">ltimes;</code> </td> <td> U+022C9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ltimes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ltlarr><td> <code title="">ltlarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02976 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ltlarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ltquest><td> <code title="">ltquest;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ltquest;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ltri><td> <code title="">ltri;</code> </td> <td> U+025C3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&triangleleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ltrie><td> <code title="">ltrie;</code> </td> <td> U+022B4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ltrie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ltrif><td> <code title="">ltrif;</code> </td> <td> U+025C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blacktriangleleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ltrPar><td> <code title="">ltrPar;</code> </td> <td> U+02996 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ltrPar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lurdshar><td> <code title="">lurdshar;</code> </td> <td> U+0294A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lurdshar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-luruhar><td> <code title="">luruhar;</code> </td> <td> U+02966 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&luruhar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lvertneqq><td> <code title="">lvertneqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02268 U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&lneqq;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-lvnE><td> <code title="">lvnE;</code> </td> <td> U+02268 U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&lneqq;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-macr><td> <code title="">macr;</code> </td> <td> U+000AF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&strns;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-macr-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">macr</code> </td> <td> U+000AF </td> <td> <span title="">&strns;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-male><td> <code title="">male;</code> </td> <td> U+02642 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&male;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-malt><td> <code title="">malt;</code> </td> <td> U+02720 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&malt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-maltese><td> <code title="">maltese;</code> </td> <td> U+02720 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&malt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Map><td> <code title="">Map;</code> </td> <td> U+02905 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Map;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-map><td> <code title="">map;</code> </td> <td> U+021A6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mapsto;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mapsto><td> <code title="">mapsto;</code> </td> <td> U+021A6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mapsto;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mapstodown><td> <code title="">mapstodown;</code> </td> <td> U+021A7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mapstodown;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mapstoleft><td> <code title="">mapstoleft;</code> </td> <td> U+021A4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mapstoleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mapstoup><td> <code title="">mapstoup;</code> </td> <td> U+021A5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mapstoup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-marker><td> <code title="">marker;</code> </td> <td> U+025AE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&marker;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mcomma><td> <code title="">mcomma;</code> </td> <td> U+02A29 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mcomma;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Mcy><td> <code title="">Mcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0041C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Mcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mcy><td> <code title="">mcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0043C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mdash><td> <code title="">mdash;</code> </td> <td> U+02014 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mdash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mDDot><td> <code title="">mDDot;</code> </td> <td> U+0223A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mDDot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-measuredangle><td> <code title="">measuredangle;</code> </td> <td> U+02221 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&angmsd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-MediumSpace><td> <code title="">MediumSpace;</code> </td> <td> U+0205F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&MediumSpace;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Mellintrf><td> <code title="">Mellintrf;</code> </td> <td> U+02133 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&phmmat;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Mfr><td> <code title="">Mfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D510 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Mfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mfr><td> <code title="">mfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D52A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mho><td> <code title="">mho;</code> </td> <td> U+02127 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mho;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-micro><td> <code title="">micro;</code> </td> <td> U+000B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&micro;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-micro-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">micro</code> </td> <td> U+000B5 </td> <td> <span title="">&micro;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-mid><td> <code title="">mid;</code> </td> <td> U+02223 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mid;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-midast><td> <code title="">midast;</code> </td> <td> U+0002A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">*</span> </td> <tr id=entity-midcir><td> <code title="">midcir;</code> </td> <td> U+02AF0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&midcir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-middot><td> <code title="">middot;</code> </td> <td> U+000B7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&middot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-middot-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">middot</code> </td> <td> U+000B7 </td> <td> <span title="">&middot;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-minus><td> <code title="">minus;</code> </td> <td> U+02212 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&minus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-minusb><td> <code title="">minusb;</code> </td> <td> U+0229F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&minusb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-minusd><td> <code title="">minusd;</code> </td> <td> U+02238 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dotminus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-minusdu><td> <code title="">minusdu;</code> </td> <td> U+02A2A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&minusdu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-MinusPlus><td> <code title="">MinusPlus;</code> </td> <td> U+02213 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mlcp><td> <code title="">mlcp;</code> </td> <td> U+02ADB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mlcp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mldr><td> <code title="">mldr;</code> </td> <td> U+02026 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mldr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mnplus><td> <code title="">mnplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02213 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-models><td> <code title="">models;</code> </td> <td> U+022A7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&models;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Mopf><td> <code title="">Mopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D544 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Mopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mopf><td> <code title="">mopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D55E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mp><td> <code title="">mp;</code> </td> <td> U+02213 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Mscr><td> <code title="">Mscr;</code> </td> <td> U+02133 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&phmmat;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mscr><td> <code title="">mscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mstpos><td> <code title="">mstpos;</code> </td> <td> U+0223E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ac;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Mu><td> <code title="">Mu;</code> </td> <td> U+0039C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Mu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mu><td> <code title="">mu;</code> </td> <td> U+003BC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-multimap><td> <code title="">multimap;</code> </td> <td> U+022B8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&multimap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-mumap><td> <code title="">mumap;</code> </td> <td> U+022B8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&multimap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nabla><td> <code title="">nabla;</code> </td> <td> U+02207 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nabla;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Nacute><td> <code title="">Nacute;</code> </td> <td> U+00143 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Nacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nacute><td> <code title="">nacute;</code> </td> <td> U+00144 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nang><td> <code title="">nang;</code> </td> <td> U+02220 U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&angle;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nap><td> <code title="">nap;</code> </td> <td> U+02249 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-napE><td> <code title="">napE;</code> </td> <td> U+02A70 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&apE;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-napid><td> <code title="">napid;</code> </td> <td> U+0224B U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&apid;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-napos><td> <code title="">napos;</code> </td> <td> U+00149 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&napos;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-napprox><td> <code title="">napprox;</code> </td> <td> U+02249 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-natur><td> <code title="">natur;</code> </td> <td> U+0266E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&natural;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-natural><td> <code title="">natural;</code> </td> <td> U+0266E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&natural;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-naturals><td> <code title="">naturals;</code> </td> <td> U+02115 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&naturals;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nbsp><td> <code title="">nbsp;</code> </td> <td> U+000A0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nbsp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nbsp-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">nbsp</code> </td> <td> U+000A0 </td> <td> <span title="">&nbsp;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-nbump><td> <code title="">nbump;</code> </td> <td> U+0224E U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&bump;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nbumpe><td> <code title="">nbumpe;</code> </td> <td> U+0224F U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&bumpeq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ncap><td> <code title="">ncap;</code> </td> <td> U+02A43 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ncap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ncaron><td> <code title="">Ncaron;</code> </td> <td> U+00147 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ncaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ncaron><td> <code title="">ncaron;</code> </td> <td> U+00148 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ncaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ncedil><td> <code title="">Ncedil;</code> </td> <td> U+00145 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ncedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ncedil><td> <code title="">ncedil;</code> </td> <td> U+00146 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ncedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ncong><td> <code title="">ncong;</code> </td> <td> U+02247 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ncong;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ncongdot><td> <code title="">ncongdot;</code> </td> <td> U+02A6D U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&congdot;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ncup><td> <code title="">ncup;</code> </td> <td> U+02A42 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ncup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ncy><td> <code title="">Ncy;</code> </td> <td> U+0041D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ncy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ncy><td> <code title="">ncy;</code> </td> <td> U+0043D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ncy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ndash><td> <code title="">ndash;</code> </td> <td> U+02013 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ndash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ne><td> <code title="">ne;</code> </td> <td> U+02260 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ne;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nearhk><td> <code title="">nearhk;</code> </td> <td> U+02924 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nearhk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-neArr><td> <code title="">neArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021D7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&neArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nearr><td> <code title="">nearr;</code> </td> <td> U+02197 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nearrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nearrow><td> <code title="">nearrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02197 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nearrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nedot><td> <code title="">nedot;</code> </td> <td> U+02250 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&esdot;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NegativeMediumSpace><td> <code title="">NegativeMediumSpace;</code> </td> <td> U+0200B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&NegativeThickSpace;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NegativeThickSpace><td> <code title="">NegativeThickSpace;</code> </td> <td> U+0200B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&NegativeThickSpace;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NegativeThinSpace><td> <code title="">NegativeThinSpace;</code> </td> <td> U+0200B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&NegativeThickSpace;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NegativeVeryThinSpace><td> <code title="">NegativeVeryThinSpace;</code> </td> <td> U+0200B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&NegativeThickSpace;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nequiv><td> <code title="">nequiv;</code> </td> <td> U+02262 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nequiv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nesear><td> <code title="">nesear;</code> </td> <td> U+02928 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&toea;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nesim><td> <code title="">nesim;</code> </td> <td> U+02242 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&esim;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NestedGreaterGreater><td> <code title="">NestedGreaterGreater;</code> </td> <td> U+0226B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&gg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NestedLessLess><td> <code title="">NestedLessLess;</code> </td> <td> U+0226A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ll;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NewLine><td> <code title="">NewLine;</code> </td> <td> U+0000A </td> <td> <span class="glyph control" title="">&#x240a;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nexist><td> <code title="">nexist;</code> </td> <td> U+02204 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nexists;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nexists><td> <code title="">nexists;</code> </td> <td> U+02204 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nexists;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Nfr><td> <code title="">Nfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D511 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Nfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nfr><td> <code title="">nfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D52B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ngE><td> <code title="">ngE;</code> </td> <td> U+02267 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&geqq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nge><td> <code title="">nge;</code> </td> <td> U+02271 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ngeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ngeq><td> <code title="">ngeq;</code> </td> <td> U+02271 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ngeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ngeqq><td> <code title="">ngeqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02267 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&geqq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ngeqslant><td> <code title="">ngeqslant;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7E U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&ges;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nges><td> <code title="">nges;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7E U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&ges;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nGg><td> <code title="">nGg;</code> </td> <td> U+022D9 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&ggg;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ngsim><td> <code title="">ngsim;</code> </td> <td> U+02275 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ngsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nGt><td> <code title="">nGt;</code> </td> <td> U+0226B U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&gg;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ngt><td> <code title="">ngt;</code> </td> <td> U+0226F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ngt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ngtr><td> <code title="">ngtr;</code> </td> <td> U+0226F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ngt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nGtv><td> <code title="">nGtv;</code> </td> <td> U+0226B U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&gg;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nhArr><td> <code title="">nhArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021CE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nhArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nharr><td> <code title="">nharr;</code> </td> <td> U+021AE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nharr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nhpar><td> <code title="">nhpar;</code> </td> <td> U+02AF2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nhpar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ni><td> <code title="">ni;</code> </td> <td> U+0220B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&niv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nis><td> <code title="">nis;</code> </td> <td> U+022FC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nis;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nisd><td> <code title="">nisd;</code> </td> <td> U+022FA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nisd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-niv><td> <code title="">niv;</code> </td> <td> U+0220B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&niv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NJcy><td> <code title="">NJcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0040A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&NJcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-njcy><td> <code title="">njcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0045A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&njcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nlArr><td> <code title="">nlArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021CD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nlArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nlarr><td> <code title="">nlarr;</code> </td> <td> U+0219A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nlarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nldr><td> <code title="">nldr;</code> </td> <td> U+02025 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nldr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nlE><td> <code title="">nlE;</code> </td> <td> U+02266 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&leqq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nle><td> <code title="">nle;</code> </td> <td> U+02270 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nle;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nLeftarrow><td> <code title="">nLeftarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021CD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nlArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nleftarrow><td> <code title="">nleftarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+0219A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nlarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nLeftrightarrow><td> <code title="">nLeftrightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021CE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nhArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nleftrightarrow><td> <code title="">nleftrightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021AE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nharr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nleq><td> <code title="">nleq;</code> </td> <td> U+02270 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nle;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nleqq><td> <code title="">nleqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02266 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&leqq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nleqslant><td> <code title="">nleqslant;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7D U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&les;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nles><td> <code title="">nles;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7D U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&les;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nless><td> <code title="">nless;</code> </td> <td> U+0226E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nless;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nLl><td> <code title="">nLl;</code> </td> <td> U+022D8 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&Ll;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nlsim><td> <code title="">nlsim;</code> </td> <td> U+02274 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nlsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nLt><td> <code title="">nLt;</code> </td> <td> U+0226A U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&ll;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nlt><td> <code title="">nlt;</code> </td> <td> U+0226E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nless;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nltri><td> <code title="">nltri;</code> </td> <td> U+022EA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nltri;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nltrie><td> <code title="">nltrie;</code> </td> <td> U+022EC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nltrie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nLtv><td> <code title="">nLtv;</code> </td> <td> U+0226A U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&ll;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nmid><td> <code title="">nmid;</code> </td> <td> U+02224 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nmid;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NoBreak><td> <code title="">NoBreak;</code> </td> <td> U+02060 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&NoBreak;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NonBreakingSpace><td> <code title="">NonBreakingSpace;</code> </td> <td> U+000A0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nbsp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Nopf><td> <code title="">Nopf;</code> </td> <td> U+02115 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&naturals;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nopf><td> <code title="">nopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D55F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Not><td> <code title="">Not;</code> </td> <td> U+02AEC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Not;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-not><td> <code title="">not;</code> </td> <td> U+000AC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&not;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-not-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">not</code> </td> <td> U+000AC </td> <td> <span title="">&not;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-NotCongruent><td> <code title="">NotCongruent;</code> </td> <td> U+02262 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nequiv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotCupCap><td> <code title="">NotCupCap;</code> </td> <td> U+0226D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&NotCupCap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotDoubleVerticalBar><td> <code title="">NotDoubleVerticalBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02226 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nspar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotElement><td> <code title="">NotElement;</code> </td> <td> U+02209 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&notinva;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotEqual><td> <code title="">NotEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02260 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ne;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotEqualTilde><td> <code title="">NotEqualTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+02242 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&esim;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotExists><td> <code title="">NotExists;</code> </td> <td> U+02204 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nexists;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotGreater><td> <code title="">NotGreater;</code> </td> <td> U+0226F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ngt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotGreaterEqual><td> <code title="">NotGreaterEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02271 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ngeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotGreaterFullEqual><td> <code title="">NotGreaterFullEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02267 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&geqq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotGreaterGreater><td> <code title="">NotGreaterGreater;</code> </td> <td> U+0226B U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&gg;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotGreaterLess><td> <code title="">NotGreaterLess;</code> </td> <td> U+02279 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ntgl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotGreaterSlantEqual><td> <code title="">NotGreaterSlantEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7E U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&ges;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotGreaterTilde><td> <code title="">NotGreaterTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+02275 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ngsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotHumpDownHump><td> <code title="">NotHumpDownHump;</code> </td> <td> U+0224E U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&bump;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotHumpEqual><td> <code title="">NotHumpEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+0224F U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&bumpeq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-notin><td> <code title="">notin;</code> </td> <td> U+02209 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&notinva;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-notindot><td> <code title="">notindot;</code> </td> <td> U+022F5 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&isindot;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-notinE><td> <code title="">notinE;</code> </td> <td> U+022F9 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&isinE;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-notinva><td> <code title="">notinva;</code> </td> <td> U+02209 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&notinva;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-notinvb><td> <code title="">notinvb;</code> </td> <td> U+022F7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&notinvb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-notinvc><td> <code title="">notinvc;</code> </td> <td> U+022F6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&notinvc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotLeftTriangle><td> <code title="">NotLeftTriangle;</code> </td> <td> U+022EA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nltri;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotLeftTriangleBar><td> <code title="">NotLeftTriangleBar;</code> </td> <td> U+029CF U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&LeftTriangleBar;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotLeftTriangleEqual><td> <code title="">NotLeftTriangleEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+022EC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nltrie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotLess><td> <code title="">NotLess;</code> </td> <td> U+0226E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nless;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotLessEqual><td> <code title="">NotLessEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02270 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nle;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotLessGreater><td> <code title="">NotLessGreater;</code> </td> <td> U+02278 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ntlg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotLessLess><td> <code title="">NotLessLess;</code> </td> <td> U+0226A U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&ll;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotLessSlantEqual><td> <code title="">NotLessSlantEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02A7D U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&les;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotLessTilde><td> <code title="">NotLessTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+02274 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nlsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotNestedGreaterGreater><td> <code title="">NotNestedGreaterGreater;</code> </td> <td> U+02AA2 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&GreaterGreater;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotNestedLessLess><td> <code title="">NotNestedLessLess;</code> </td> <td> U+02AA1 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&LessLess;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-notni><td> <code title="">notni;</code> </td> <td> U+0220C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&notni;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-notniva><td> <code title="">notniva;</code> </td> <td> U+0220C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&notni;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-notnivb><td> <code title="">notnivb;</code> </td> <td> U+022FE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&notnivb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-notnivc><td> <code title="">notnivc;</code> </td> <td> U+022FD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&notnivc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotPrecedes><td> <code title="">NotPrecedes;</code> </td> <td> U+02280 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nprec;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotPrecedesEqual><td> <code title="">NotPrecedesEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAF U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&pre;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotPrecedesSlantEqual><td> <code title="">NotPrecedesSlantEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+022E0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nprcue;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotReverseElement><td> <code title="">NotReverseElement;</code> </td> <td> U+0220C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&notni;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotRightTriangle><td> <code title="">NotRightTriangle;</code> </td> <td> U+022EB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ntriangleright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotRightTriangleBar><td> <code title="">NotRightTriangleBar;</code> </td> <td> U+029D0 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&RightTriangleBar;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotRightTriangleEqual><td> <code title="">NotRightTriangleEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+022ED </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nrtrie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotSquareSubset><td> <code title="">NotSquareSubset;</code> </td> <td> U+0228F U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&sqsub;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotSquareSubsetEqual><td> <code title="">NotSquareSubsetEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+022E2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsqsube;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotSquareSuperset><td> <code title="">NotSquareSuperset;</code> </td> <td> U+02290 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&sqsupset;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotSquareSupersetEqual><td> <code title="">NotSquareSupersetEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+022E3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsqsupe;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotSubset><td> <code title="">NotSubset;</code> </td> <td> U+02282 U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&sub;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotSubsetEqual><td> <code title="">NotSubsetEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02288 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsube;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotSucceeds><td> <code title="">NotSucceeds;</code> </td> <td> U+02281 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotSucceedsEqual><td> <code title="">NotSucceedsEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB0 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&succeq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotSucceedsSlantEqual><td> <code title="">NotSucceedsSlantEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+022E1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsccue;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotSucceedsTilde><td> <code title="">NotSucceedsTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+0227F U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&scsim;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotSuperset><td> <code title="">NotSuperset;</code> </td> <td> U+02283 U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&sup;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotSupersetEqual><td> <code title="">NotSupersetEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02289 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsupseteq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotTilde><td> <code title="">NotTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+02241 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotTildeEqual><td> <code title="">NotTildeEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02244 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsimeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotTildeFullEqual><td> <code title="">NotTildeFullEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02247 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ncong;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotTildeTilde><td> <code title="">NotTildeTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+02249 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-NotVerticalBar><td> <code title="">NotVerticalBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02224 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nmid;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-npar><td> <code title="">npar;</code> </td> <td> U+02226 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nspar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nparallel><td> <code title="">nparallel;</code> </td> <td> U+02226 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nspar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nparsl><td> <code title="">nparsl;</code> </td> <td> U+02AFD U+020E5 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&parsl;&#x20e5;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-npart><td> <code title="">npart;</code> </td> <td> U+02202 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&part;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-npolint><td> <code title="">npolint;</code> </td> <td> U+02A14 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&npolint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-npr><td> <code title="">npr;</code> </td> <td> U+02280 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nprec;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nprcue><td> <code title="">nprcue;</code> </td> <td> U+022E0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nprcue;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-npre><td> <code title="">npre;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAF U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&pre;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nprec><td> <code title="">nprec;</code> </td> <td> U+02280 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nprec;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-npreceq><td> <code title="">npreceq;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAF U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&pre;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nrArr><td> <code title="">nrArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021CF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nrArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nrarr><td> <code title="">nrarr;</code> </td> <td> U+0219B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nrarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nrarrc><td> <code title="">nrarrc;</code> </td> <td> U+02933 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&rarrc;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nrarrw><td> <code title="">nrarrw;</code> </td> <td> U+0219D U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&rightsquigarrow;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nRightarrow><td> <code title="">nRightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021CF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nrArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nrightarrow><td> <code title="">nrightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+0219B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nrarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nrtri><td> <code title="">nrtri;</code> </td> <td> U+022EB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ntriangleright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nrtrie><td> <code title="">nrtrie;</code> </td> <td> U+022ED </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nrtrie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsc><td> <code title="">nsc;</code> </td> <td> U+02281 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsccue><td> <code title="">nsccue;</code> </td> <td> U+022E1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsccue;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsce><td> <code title="">nsce;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB0 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&succeq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Nscr><td> <code title="">Nscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4A9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Nscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nscr><td> <code title="">nscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4C3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nshortmid><td> <code title="">nshortmid;</code> </td> <td> U+02224 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nmid;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nshortparallel><td> <code title="">nshortparallel;</code> </td> <td> U+02226 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nspar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsim><td> <code title="">nsim;</code> </td> <td> U+02241 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsime><td> <code title="">nsime;</code> </td> <td> U+02244 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsimeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsimeq><td> <code title="">nsimeq;</code> </td> <td> U+02244 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsimeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsmid><td> <code title="">nsmid;</code> </td> <td> U+02224 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nmid;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nspar><td> <code title="">nspar;</code> </td> <td> U+02226 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nspar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsqsube><td> <code title="">nsqsube;</code> </td> <td> U+022E2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsqsube;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsqsupe><td> <code title="">nsqsupe;</code> </td> <td> U+022E3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsqsupe;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsub><td> <code title="">nsub;</code> </td> <td> U+02284 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsubE><td> <code title="">nsubE;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC5 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&subseteqq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsube><td> <code title="">nsube;</code> </td> <td> U+02288 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsube;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsubset><td> <code title="">nsubset;</code> </td> <td> U+02282 U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&sub;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsubseteq><td> <code title="">nsubseteq;</code> </td> <td> U+02288 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsube;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsubseteqq><td> <code title="">nsubseteqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC5 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&subseteqq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsucc><td> <code title="">nsucc;</code> </td> <td> U+02281 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsucceq><td> <code title="">nsucceq;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB0 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&succeq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsup><td> <code title="">nsup;</code> </td> <td> U+02285 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsupE><td> <code title="">nsupE;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC6 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&supseteqq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsupe><td> <code title="">nsupe;</code> </td> <td> U+02289 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsupseteq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsupset><td> <code title="">nsupset;</code> </td> <td> U+02283 U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&sup;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsupseteq><td> <code title="">nsupseteq;</code> </td> <td> U+02289 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nsupseteq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nsupseteqq><td> <code title="">nsupseteqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC6 U+00338 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&supseteqq;&#x338;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ntgl><td> <code title="">ntgl;</code> </td> <td> U+02279 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ntgl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ntilde><td> <code title="">Ntilde;</code> </td> <td> U+000D1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ntilde;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ntilde-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Ntilde</code> </td> <td> U+000D1 </td> <td> <span title="">&Ntilde;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ntilde><td> <code title="">ntilde;</code> </td> <td> U+000F1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ntilde;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ntilde-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">ntilde</code> </td> <td> U+000F1 </td> <td> <span title="">&ntilde;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ntlg><td> <code title="">ntlg;</code> </td> <td> U+02278 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ntlg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ntriangleleft><td> <code title="">ntriangleleft;</code> </td> <td> U+022EA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nltri;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ntrianglelefteq><td> <code title="">ntrianglelefteq;</code> </td> <td> U+022EC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nltrie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ntriangleright><td> <code title="">ntriangleright;</code> </td> <td> U+022EB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ntriangleright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ntrianglerighteq><td> <code title="">ntrianglerighteq;</code> </td> <td> U+022ED </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nrtrie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Nu><td> <code title="">Nu;</code> </td> <td> U+0039D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Nu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nu><td> <code title="">nu;</code> </td> <td> U+003BD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-num><td> <code title="">num;</code> </td> <td> U+00023 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">#</span> </td> <tr id=entity-numero><td> <code title="">numero;</code> </td> <td> U+02116 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&numero;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-numsp><td> <code title="">numsp;</code> </td> <td> U+02007 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&numsp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvap><td> <code title="">nvap;</code> </td> <td> U+0224D U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&asympeq;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nVDash><td> <code title="">nVDash;</code> </td> <td> U+022AF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nVDash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nVdash><td> <code title="">nVdash;</code> </td> <td> U+022AE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nVdash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvDash><td> <code title="">nvDash;</code> </td> <td> U+022AD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nvDash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvdash><td> <code title="">nvdash;</code> </td> <td> U+022AC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nvdash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvge><td> <code title="">nvge;</code> </td> <td> U+02265 U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&ge;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvgt><td> <code title="">nvgt;</code> </td> <td> U+0003E U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&gt;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvHarr><td> <code title="">nvHarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02904 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nvHarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvinfin><td> <code title="">nvinfin;</code> </td> <td> U+029DE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nvinfin;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvlArr><td> <code title="">nvlArr;</code> </td> <td> U+02902 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nvlArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvle><td> <code title="">nvle;</code> </td> <td> U+02264 U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&le;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvlt><td> <code title="">nvlt;</code> </td> <td> U+0003C U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&lt;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvltrie><td> <code title="">nvltrie;</code> </td> <td> U+022B4 U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&ltrie;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvrArr><td> <code title="">nvrArr;</code> </td> <td> U+02903 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nvrArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvrtrie><td> <code title="">nvrtrie;</code> </td> <td> U+022B5 U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&rtrie;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nvsim><td> <code title="">nvsim;</code> </td> <td> U+0223C U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&sim;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nwarhk><td> <code title="">nwarhk;</code> </td> <td> U+02923 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nwarhk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nwArr><td> <code title="">nwArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021D6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nwArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nwarr><td> <code title="">nwarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02196 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nwarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nwarrow><td> <code title="">nwarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02196 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nwarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-nwnear><td> <code title="">nwnear;</code> </td> <td> U+02927 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nwnear;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Oacute><td> <code title="">Oacute;</code> </td> <td> U+000D3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Oacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Oacute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Oacute</code> </td> <td> U+000D3 </td> <td> <span title="">&Oacute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-oacute><td> <code title="">oacute;</code> </td> <td> U+000F3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-oacute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">oacute</code> </td> <td> U+000F3 </td> <td> <span title="">&oacute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-oast><td> <code title="">oast;</code> </td> <td> U+0229B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oast;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ocir><td> <code title="">ocir;</code> </td> <td> U+0229A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ocir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ocirc><td> <code title="">Ocirc;</code> </td> <td> U+000D4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ocirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ocirc-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Ocirc</code> </td> <td> U+000D4 </td> <td> <span title="">&Ocirc;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ocirc><td> <code title="">ocirc;</code> </td> <td> U+000F4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ocirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ocirc-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">ocirc</code> </td> <td> U+000F4 </td> <td> <span title="">&ocirc;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Ocy><td> <code title="">Ocy;</code> </td> <td> U+0041E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ocy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ocy><td> <code title="">ocy;</code> </td> <td> U+0043E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ocy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-odash><td> <code title="">odash;</code> </td> <td> U+0229D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&circleddash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Odblac><td> <code title="">Odblac;</code> </td> <td> U+00150 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Odblac;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-odblac><td> <code title="">odblac;</code> </td> <td> U+00151 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&odblac;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-odiv><td> <code title="">odiv;</code> </td> <td> U+02A38 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&odiv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-odot><td> <code title="">odot;</code> </td> <td> U+02299 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&odot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-odsold><td> <code title="">odsold;</code> </td> <td> U+029BC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&odsold;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-OElig><td> <code title="">OElig;</code> </td> <td> U+00152 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&OElig;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-oelig><td> <code title="">oelig;</code> </td> <td> U+00153 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oelig;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ofcir><td> <code title="">ofcir;</code> </td> <td> U+029BF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ofcir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ofr><td> <code title="">Ofr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D512 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ofr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ofr><td> <code title="">ofr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D52C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ofr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ogon><td> <code title="">ogon;</code> </td> <td> U+002DB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ogon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ograve><td> <code title="">Ograve;</code> </td> <td> U+000D2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ograve;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ograve-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Ograve</code> </td> <td> U+000D2 </td> <td> <span title="">&Ograve;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ograve><td> <code title="">ograve;</code> </td> <td> U+000F2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ograve;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ograve-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">ograve</code> </td> <td> U+000F2 </td> <td> <span title="">&ograve;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ogt><td> <code title="">ogt;</code> </td> <td> U+029C1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ogt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ohbar><td> <code title="">ohbar;</code> </td> <td> U+029B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ohbar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ohm><td> <code title="">ohm;</code> </td> <td> U+003A9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ohm;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-oint><td> <code title="">oint;</code> </td> <td> U+0222E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&conint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-olarr><td> <code title="">olarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021BA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&olarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-olcir><td> <code title="">olcir;</code> </td> <td> U+029BE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&olcir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-olcross><td> <code title="">olcross;</code> </td> <td> U+029BB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&olcross;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-oline><td> <code title="">oline;</code> </td> <td> U+0203E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oline;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-olt><td> <code title="">olt;</code> </td> <td> U+029C0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&olt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Omacr><td> <code title="">Omacr;</code> </td> <td> U+0014C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Omacr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-omacr><td> <code title="">omacr;</code> </td> <td> U+0014D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&omacr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Omega><td> <code title="">Omega;</code> </td> <td> U+003A9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ohm;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-omega><td> <code title="">omega;</code> </td> <td> U+003C9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&omega;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Omicron><td> <code title="">Omicron;</code> </td> <td> U+0039F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Omicron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-omicron><td> <code title="">omicron;</code> </td> <td> U+003BF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&omicron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-omid><td> <code title="">omid;</code> </td> <td> U+029B6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&omid;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ominus><td> <code title="">ominus;</code> </td> <td> U+02296 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ominus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Oopf><td> <code title="">Oopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D546 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Oopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-oopf><td> <code title="">oopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D560 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-opar><td> <code title="">opar;</code> </td> <td> U+029B7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&opar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-OpenCurlyDoubleQuote><td> <code title="">OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;</code> </td> <td> U+0201C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ldquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-OpenCurlyQuote><td> <code title="">OpenCurlyQuote;</code> </td> <td> U+02018 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&lsquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-operp><td> <code title="">operp;</code> </td> <td> U+029B9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&operp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-oplus><td> <code title="">oplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02295 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Or><td> <code title="">Or;</code> </td> <td> U+02A54 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Or;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-or><td> <code title="">or;</code> </td> <td> U+02228 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vee;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-orarr><td> <code title="">orarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021BB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&orarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ord><td> <code title="">ord;</code> </td> <td> U+02A5D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ord;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-order><td> <code title="">order;</code> </td> <td> U+02134 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-orderof><td> <code title="">orderof;</code> </td> <td> U+02134 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ordf><td> <code title="">ordf;</code> </td> <td> U+000AA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ordf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ordf-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">ordf</code> </td> <td> U+000AA </td> <td> <span title="">&ordf;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ordm><td> <code title="">ordm;</code> </td> <td> U+000BA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ordm;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ordm-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">ordm</code> </td> <td> U+000BA </td> <td> <span title="">&ordm;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-origof><td> <code title="">origof;</code> </td> <td> U+022B6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&origof;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-oror><td> <code title="">oror;</code> </td> <td> U+02A56 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oror;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-orslope><td> <code title="">orslope;</code> </td> <td> U+02A57 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&orslope;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-orv><td> <code title="">orv;</code> </td> <td> U+02A5B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&orv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-oS><td> <code title="">oS;</code> </td> <td> U+024C8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oS;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Oscr><td> <code title="">Oscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4AA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Oscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-oscr><td> <code title="">oscr;</code> </td> <td> U+02134 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Oslash><td> <code title="">Oslash;</code> </td> <td> U+000D8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Oslash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Oslash-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Oslash</code> </td> <td> U+000D8 </td> <td> <span title="">&Oslash;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-oslash><td> <code title="">oslash;</code> </td> <td> U+000F8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oslash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-oslash-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">oslash</code> </td> <td> U+000F8 </td> <td> <span title="">&oslash;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-osol><td> <code title="">osol;</code> </td> <td> U+02298 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&osol;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Otilde><td> <code title="">Otilde;</code> </td> <td> U+000D5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Otilde;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Otilde-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Otilde</code> </td> <td> U+000D5 </td> <td> <span title="">&Otilde;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-otilde><td> <code title="">otilde;</code> </td> <td> U+000F5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&otilde;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-otilde-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">otilde</code> </td> <td> U+000F5 </td> <td> <span title="">&otilde;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Otimes><td> <code title="">Otimes;</code> </td> <td> U+02A37 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Otimes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-otimes><td> <code title="">otimes;</code> </td> <td> U+02297 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&otimes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-otimesas><td> <code title="">otimesas;</code> </td> <td> U+02A36 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&otimesas;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ouml><td> <code title="">Ouml;</code> </td> <td> U+000D6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ouml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ouml-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Ouml</code> </td> <td> U+000D6 </td> <td> <span title="">&Ouml;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ouml><td> <code title="">ouml;</code> </td> <td> U+000F6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ouml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ouml-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">ouml</code> </td> <td> U+000F6 </td> <td> <span title="">&ouml;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ovbar><td> <code title="">ovbar;</code> </td> <td> U+0233D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ovbar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-OverBar><td> <code title="">OverBar;</code> </td> <td> U+0203E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&oline;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-OverBrace><td> <code title="">OverBrace;</code> </td> <td> U+023DE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&OverBrace;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-OverBracket><td> <code title="">OverBracket;</code> </td> <td> U+023B4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tbrk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-OverParenthesis><td> <code title="">OverParenthesis;</code> </td> <td> U+023DC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&OverParenthesis;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-par><td> <code title="">par;</code> </td> <td> U+02225 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&spar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-para><td> <code title="">para;</code> </td> <td> U+000B6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&para;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-para-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">para</code> </td> <td> U+000B6 </td> <td> <span title="">&para;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-parallel><td> <code title="">parallel;</code> </td> <td> U+02225 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&spar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-parsim><td> <code title="">parsim;</code> </td> <td> U+02AF3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&parsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-parsl><td> <code title="">parsl;</code> </td> <td> U+02AFD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&parsl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-part><td> <code title="">part;</code> </td> <td> U+02202 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&part;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-PartialD><td> <code title="">PartialD;</code> </td> <td> U+02202 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&part;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Pcy><td> <code title="">Pcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0041F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Pcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pcy><td> <code title="">pcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0043F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-percnt><td> <code title="">percnt;</code> </td> <td> U+00025 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">%</span> </td> <tr id=entity-period><td> <code title="">period;</code> </td> <td> U+0002E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">.</span> </td> <tr id=entity-permil><td> <code title="">permil;</code> </td> <td> U+02030 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&permil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-perp><td> <code title="">perp;</code> </td> <td> U+022A5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bottom;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pertenk><td> <code title="">pertenk;</code> </td> <td> U+02031 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pertenk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Pfr><td> <code title="">Pfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D513 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Pfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pfr><td> <code title="">pfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D52D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Phi><td> <code title="">Phi;</code> </td> <td> U+003A6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Phi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-phi><td> <code title="">phi;</code> </td> <td> U+003C6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&phi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-phiv><td> <code title="">phiv;</code> </td> <td> U+003D5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&phiv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-phmmat><td> <code title="">phmmat;</code> </td> <td> U+02133 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&phmmat;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-phone><td> <code title="">phone;</code> </td> <td> U+0260E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&phone;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Pi><td> <code title="">Pi;</code> </td> <td> U+003A0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Pi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pi><td> <code title="">pi;</code> </td> <td> U+003C0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pitchfork><td> <code title="">pitchfork;</code> </td> <td> U+022D4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&fork;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-piv><td> <code title="">piv;</code> </td> <td> U+003D6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&varpi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-planck><td> <code title="">planck;</code> </td> <td> U+0210F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hslash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-planckh><td> <code title="">planckh;</code> </td> <td> U+0210E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&planckh;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-plankv><td> <code title="">plankv;</code> </td> <td> U+0210F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hslash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-plus><td> <code title="">plus;</code> </td> <td> U+0002B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">+</span> </td> <tr id=entity-plusacir><td> <code title="">plusacir;</code> </td> <td> U+02A23 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&plusacir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-plusb><td> <code title="">plusb;</code> </td> <td> U+0229E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&boxplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pluscir><td> <code title="">pluscir;</code> </td> <td> U+02A22 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pluscir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-plusdo><td> <code title="">plusdo;</code> </td> <td> U+02214 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dotplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-plusdu><td> <code title="">plusdu;</code> </td> <td> U+02A25 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&plusdu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pluse><td> <code title="">pluse;</code> </td> <td> U+02A72 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pluse;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-PlusMinus><td> <code title="">PlusMinus;</code> </td> <td> U+000B1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&plusmn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-plusmn><td> <code title="">plusmn;</code> </td> <td> U+000B1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&plusmn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-plusmn-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">plusmn</code> </td> <td> U+000B1 </td> <td> <span title="">&plusmn;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-plussim><td> <code title="">plussim;</code> </td> <td> U+02A26 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&plussim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-plustwo><td> <code title="">plustwo;</code> </td> <td> U+02A27 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&plustwo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pm><td> <code title="">pm;</code> </td> <td> U+000B1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&plusmn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Poincareplane><td> <code title="">Poincareplane;</code> </td> <td> U+0210C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Hfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pointint><td> <code title="">pointint;</code> </td> <td> U+02A15 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pointint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Popf><td> <code title="">Popf;</code> </td> <td> U+02119 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&primes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-popf><td> <code title="">popf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D561 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&popf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pound><td> <code title="">pound;</code> </td> <td> U+000A3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pound;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pound-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">pound</code> </td> <td> U+000A3 </td> <td> <span title="">&pound;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Pr><td> <code title="">Pr;</code> </td> <td> U+02ABB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Pr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pr><td> <code title="">pr;</code> </td> <td> U+0227A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-prap><td> <code title="">prap;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-prcue><td> <code title="">prcue;</code> </td> <td> U+0227C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&preccurlyeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-prE><td> <code title="">prE;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prE;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pre><td> <code title="">pre;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pre;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-prec><td> <code title="">prec;</code> </td> <td> U+0227A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-precapprox><td> <code title="">precapprox;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-preccurlyeq><td> <code title="">preccurlyeq;</code> </td> <td> U+0227C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&preccurlyeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Precedes><td> <code title="">Precedes;</code> </td> <td> U+0227A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-PrecedesEqual><td> <code title="">PrecedesEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pre;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-PrecedesSlantEqual><td> <code title="">PrecedesSlantEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+0227C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&preccurlyeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-PrecedesTilde><td> <code title="">PrecedesTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+0227E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-preceq><td> <code title="">preceq;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pre;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-precnapprox><td> <code title="">precnapprox;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prnap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-precneqq><td> <code title="">precneqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&precneqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-precnsim><td> <code title="">precnsim;</code> </td> <td> U+022E8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prnsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-precsim><td> <code title="">precsim;</code> </td> <td> U+0227E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Prime><td> <code title="">Prime;</code> </td> <td> U+02033 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Prime;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-prime><td> <code title="">prime;</code> </td> <td> U+02032 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prime;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-primes><td> <code title="">primes;</code> </td> <td> U+02119 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&primes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-prnap><td> <code title="">prnap;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prnap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-prnE><td> <code title="">prnE;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&precneqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-prnsim><td> <code title="">prnsim;</code> </td> <td> U+022E8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prnsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-prod><td> <code title="">prod;</code> </td> <td> U+0220F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prod;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Product><td> <code title="">Product;</code> </td> <td> U+0220F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prod;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-profalar><td> <code title="">profalar;</code> </td> <td> U+0232E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&profalar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-profline><td> <code title="">profline;</code> </td> <td> U+02312 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&profline;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-profsurf><td> <code title="">profsurf;</code> </td> <td> U+02313 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&profsurf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-prop><td> <code title="">prop;</code> </td> <td> U+0221D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&propto;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Proportion><td> <code title="">Proportion;</code> </td> <td> U+02237 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Colon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Proportional><td> <code title="">Proportional;</code> </td> <td> U+0221D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&propto;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-propto><td> <code title="">propto;</code> </td> <td> U+0221D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&propto;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-prsim><td> <code title="">prsim;</code> </td> <td> U+0227E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-prurel><td> <code title="">prurel;</code> </td> <td> U+022B0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&prurel;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Pscr><td> <code title="">Pscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4AB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Pscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-pscr><td> <code title="">pscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4C5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&pscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Psi><td> <code title="">Psi;</code> </td> <td> U+003A8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Psi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-psi><td> <code title="">psi;</code> </td> <td> U+003C8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&psi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-puncsp><td> <code title="">puncsp;</code> </td> <td> U+02008 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&puncsp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Qfr><td> <code title="">Qfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D514 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Qfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-qfr><td> <code title="">qfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D52E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&qfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-qint><td> <code title="">qint;</code> </td> <td> U+02A0C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iiiint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Qopf><td> <code title="">Qopf;</code> </td> <td> U+0211A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rationals;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-qopf><td> <code title="">qopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D562 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&qopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-qprime><td> <code title="">qprime;</code> </td> <td> U+02057 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&qprime;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Qscr><td> <code title="">Qscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4AC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Qscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-qscr><td> <code title="">qscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4C6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&qscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-quaternions><td> <code title="">quaternions;</code> </td> <td> U+0210D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&quaternions;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-quatint><td> <code title="">quatint;</code> </td> <td> U+02A16 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&quatint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-quest><td> <code title="">quest;</code> </td> <td> U+0003F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">?</span> </td> <tr id=entity-questeq><td> <code title="">questeq;</code> </td> <td> U+0225F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&questeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-QUOT><td> <code title="">QUOT;</code> </td> <td> U+00022 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">"</span> </td> <tr id=entity-QUOT-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">QUOT</code> </td> <td> U+00022 </td> <td> <span title="">"</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-quot><td> <code title="">quot;</code> </td> <td> U+00022 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">"</span> </td> <tr id=entity-quot-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">quot</code> </td> <td> U+00022 </td> <td> <span title="">"</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-rAarr><td> <code title="">rAarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021DB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rAarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-race><td> <code title="">race;</code> </td> <td> U+0223D U+00331 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&backsim;&#x331;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Racute><td> <code title="">Racute;</code> </td> <td> U+00154 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Racute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-racute><td> <code title="">racute;</code> </td> <td> U+00155 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&racute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-radic><td> <code title="">radic;</code> </td> <td> U+0221A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&radic;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-raemptyv><td> <code title="">raemptyv;</code> </td> <td> U+029B3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&raemptyv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Rang><td> <code title="">Rang;</code> </td> <td> U+027EB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Rang;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rang><td> <code title="">rang;</code> </td> <td> U+027E9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&#x27E9;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rangd><td> <code title="">rangd;</code> </td> <td> U+02992 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rangd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-range><td> <code title="">range;</code> </td> <td> U+029A5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&range;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rangle><td> <code title="">rangle;</code> </td> <td> U+027E9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&#x27E9;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-raquo><td> <code title="">raquo;</code> </td> <td> U+000BB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&raquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-raquo-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">raquo</code> </td> <td> U+000BB </td> <td> <span title="">&raquo;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Rarr><td> <code title="">Rarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021A0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&twoheadrightarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rArr><td> <code title="">rArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021D2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Implies;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rarr><td> <code title="">rarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02192 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&srarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rarrap><td> <code title="">rarrap;</code> </td> <td> U+02975 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rarrap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rarrb><td> <code title="">rarrb;</code> </td> <td> U+021E5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rarrb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rarrbfs><td> <code title="">rarrbfs;</code> </td> <td> U+02920 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rarrbfs;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rarrc><td> <code title="">rarrc;</code> </td> <td> U+02933 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rarrc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rarrfs><td> <code title="">rarrfs;</code> </td> <td> U+0291E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rarrfs;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rarrhk><td> <code title="">rarrhk;</code> </td> <td> U+021AA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hookrightarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rarrlp><td> <code title="">rarrlp;</code> </td> <td> U+021AC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rarrlp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rarrpl><td> <code title="">rarrpl;</code> </td> <td> U+02945 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rarrpl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rarrsim><td> <code title="">rarrsim;</code> </td> <td> U+02974 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rarrsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Rarrtl><td> <code title="">Rarrtl;</code> </td> <td> U+02916 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Rarrtl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rarrtl><td> <code title="">rarrtl;</code> </td> <td> U+021A3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rightarrowtail;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rarrw><td> <code title="">rarrw;</code> </td> <td> U+0219D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rightsquigarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rAtail><td> <code title="">rAtail;</code> </td> <td> U+0291C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rAtail;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ratail><td> <code title="">ratail;</code> </td> <td> U+0291A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ratail;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ratio><td> <code title="">ratio;</code> </td> <td> U+02236 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ratio;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rationals><td> <code title="">rationals;</code> </td> <td> U+0211A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rationals;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RBarr><td> <code title="">RBarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02910 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&drbkarow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rBarr><td> <code title="">rBarr;</code> </td> <td> U+0290F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dbkarow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rbarr><td> <code title="">rbarr;</code> </td> <td> U+0290D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rbarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rbbrk><td> <code title="">rbbrk;</code> </td> <td> U+02773 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rbbrk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rbrace><td> <code title="">rbrace;</code> </td> <td> U+0007D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">}</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rbrack><td> <code title="">rbrack;</code> </td> <td> U+0005D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">]</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rbrke><td> <code title="">rbrke;</code> </td> <td> U+0298C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rbrke;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rbrksld><td> <code title="">rbrksld;</code> </td> <td> U+0298E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rbrksld;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rbrkslu><td> <code title="">rbrkslu;</code> </td> <td> U+02990 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rbrkslu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Rcaron><td> <code title="">Rcaron;</code> </td> <td> U+00158 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Rcaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rcaron><td> <code title="">rcaron;</code> </td> <td> U+00159 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rcaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Rcedil><td> <code title="">Rcedil;</code> </td> <td> U+00156 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Rcedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rcedil><td> <code title="">rcedil;</code> </td> <td> U+00157 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rcedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rceil><td> <code title="">rceil;</code> </td> <td> U+02309 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rceil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rcub><td> <code title="">rcub;</code> </td> <td> U+0007D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">}</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Rcy><td> <code title="">Rcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00420 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Rcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rcy><td> <code title="">rcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00440 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rdca><td> <code title="">rdca;</code> </td> <td> U+02937 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rdca;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rdldhar><td> <code title="">rdldhar;</code> </td> <td> U+02969 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rdldhar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rdquo><td> <code title="">rdquo;</code> </td> <td> U+0201D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rdquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rdquor><td> <code title="">rdquor;</code> </td> <td> U+0201D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rdquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rdsh><td> <code title="">rdsh;</code> </td> <td> U+021B3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rdsh;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Re><td> <code title="">Re;</code> </td> <td> U+0211C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&realpart;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-real><td> <code title="">real;</code> </td> <td> U+0211C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&realpart;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-realine><td> <code title="">realine;</code> </td> <td> U+0211B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&realine;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-realpart><td> <code title="">realpart;</code> </td> <td> U+0211C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&realpart;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-reals><td> <code title="">reals;</code> </td> <td> U+0211D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&reals;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rect><td> <code title="">rect;</code> </td> <td> U+025AD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rect;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-REG><td> <code title="">REG;</code> </td> <td> U+000AE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&reg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-REG-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">REG</code> </td> <td> U+000AE </td> <td> <span title="">&reg;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-reg><td> <code title="">reg;</code> </td> <td> U+000AE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&reg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-reg-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">reg</code> </td> <td> U+000AE </td> <td> <span title="">&reg;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ReverseElement><td> <code title="">ReverseElement;</code> </td> <td> U+0220B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&niv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ReverseEquilibrium><td> <code title="">ReverseEquilibrium;</code> </td> <td> U+021CB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&leftrightharpoons;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ReverseUpEquilibrium><td> <code title="">ReverseUpEquilibrium;</code> </td> <td> U+0296F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&duhar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rfisht><td> <code title="">rfisht;</code> </td> <td> U+0297D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rfisht;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rfloor><td> <code title="">rfloor;</code> </td> <td> U+0230B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rfloor;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Rfr><td> <code title="">Rfr;</code> </td> <td> U+0211C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&realpart;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rfr><td> <code title="">rfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D52F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rHar><td> <code title="">rHar;</code> </td> <td> U+02964 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rHar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rhard><td> <code title="">rhard;</code> </td> <td> U+021C1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rhard;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rharu><td> <code title="">rharu;</code> </td> <td> U+021C0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rharu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rharul><td> <code title="">rharul;</code> </td> <td> U+0296C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rharul;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Rho><td> <code title="">Rho;</code> </td> <td> U+003A1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Rho;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rho><td> <code title="">rho;</code> </td> <td> U+003C1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rho;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rhov><td> <code title="">rhov;</code> </td> <td> U+003F1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rhov;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightAngleBracket><td> <code title="">RightAngleBracket;</code> </td> <td> U+027E9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&#x27E9;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightArrow><td> <code title="">RightArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02192 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&srarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Rightarrow><td> <code title="">Rightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021D2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Implies;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rightarrow><td> <code title="">rightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02192 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&srarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightArrowBar><td> <code title="">RightArrowBar;</code> </td> <td> U+021E5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rarrb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightArrowLeftArrow><td> <code title="">RightArrowLeftArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021C4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rlarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rightarrowtail><td> <code title="">rightarrowtail;</code> </td> <td> U+021A3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rightarrowtail;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightCeiling><td> <code title="">RightCeiling;</code> </td> <td> U+02309 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rceil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightDoubleBracket><td> <code title="">RightDoubleBracket;</code> </td> <td> U+027E7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&robrk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightDownTeeVector><td> <code title="">RightDownTeeVector;</code> </td> <td> U+0295D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&RightDownTeeVector;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightDownVector><td> <code title="">RightDownVector;</code> </td> <td> U+021C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dharr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightDownVectorBar><td> <code title="">RightDownVectorBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02955 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&RightDownVectorBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightFloor><td> <code title="">RightFloor;</code> </td> <td> U+0230B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rfloor;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rightharpoondown><td> <code title="">rightharpoondown;</code> </td> <td> U+021C1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rhard;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rightharpoonup><td> <code title="">rightharpoonup;</code> </td> <td> U+021C0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rharu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rightleftarrows><td> <code title="">rightleftarrows;</code> </td> <td> U+021C4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rlarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rightleftharpoons><td> <code title="">rightleftharpoons;</code> </td> <td> U+021CC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rlhar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rightrightarrows><td> <code title="">rightrightarrows;</code> </td> <td> U+021C9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rightrightarrows;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rightsquigarrow><td> <code title="">rightsquigarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+0219D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rightsquigarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightTee><td> <code title="">RightTee;</code> </td> <td> U+022A2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vdash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightTeeArrow><td> <code title="">RightTeeArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021A6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mapsto;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightTeeVector><td> <code title="">RightTeeVector;</code> </td> <td> U+0295B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&RightTeeVector;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rightthreetimes><td> <code title="">rightthreetimes;</code> </td> <td> U+022CC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rightthreetimes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightTriangle><td> <code title="">RightTriangle;</code> </td> <td> U+022B3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vartriangleright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightTriangleBar><td> <code title="">RightTriangleBar;</code> </td> <td> U+029D0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&RightTriangleBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightTriangleEqual><td> <code title="">RightTriangleEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+022B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rtrie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightUpDownVector><td> <code title="">RightUpDownVector;</code> </td> <td> U+0294F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&RightUpDownVector;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightUpTeeVector><td> <code title="">RightUpTeeVector;</code> </td> <td> U+0295C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&RightUpTeeVector;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightUpVector><td> <code title="">RightUpVector;</code> </td> <td> U+021BE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&upharpoonright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightUpVectorBar><td> <code title="">RightUpVectorBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02954 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&RightUpVectorBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightVector><td> <code title="">RightVector;</code> </td> <td> U+021C0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rharu;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RightVectorBar><td> <code title="">RightVectorBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02953 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&RightVectorBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ring><td> <code title="">ring;</code> </td> <td> U+002DA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ring;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-risingdotseq><td> <code title="">risingdotseq;</code> </td> <td> U+02253 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&risingdotseq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rlarr><td> <code title="">rlarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021C4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rlarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rlhar><td> <code title="">rlhar;</code> </td> <td> U+021CC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rlhar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rlm><td> <code title="">rlm;</code> </td> <td> U+0200F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rlm;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rmoust><td> <code title="">rmoust;</code> </td> <td> U+023B1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rmoustache;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rmoustache><td> <code title="">rmoustache;</code> </td> <td> U+023B1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rmoustache;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rnmid><td> <code title="">rnmid;</code> </td> <td> U+02AEE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rnmid;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-roang><td> <code title="">roang;</code> </td> <td> U+027ED </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&roang;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-roarr><td> <code title="">roarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021FE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&roarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-robrk><td> <code title="">robrk;</code> </td> <td> U+027E7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&robrk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ropar><td> <code title="">ropar;</code> </td> <td> U+02986 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ropar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ropf><td> <code title="">Ropf;</code> </td> <td> U+0211D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&reals;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ropf><td> <code title="">ropf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D563 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ropf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-roplus><td> <code title="">roplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02A2E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&roplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rotimes><td> <code title="">rotimes;</code> </td> <td> U+02A35 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rotimes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RoundImplies><td> <code title="">RoundImplies;</code> </td> <td> U+02970 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&RoundImplies;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rpar><td> <code title="">rpar;</code> </td> <td> U+00029 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">)</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rpargt><td> <code title="">rpargt;</code> </td> <td> U+02994 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rpargt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rppolint><td> <code title="">rppolint;</code> </td> <td> U+02A12 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rppolint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rrarr><td> <code title="">rrarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021C9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rightrightarrows;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Rrightarrow><td> <code title="">Rrightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021DB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rAarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rsaquo><td> <code title="">rsaquo;</code> </td> <td> U+0203A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rsaquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Rscr><td> <code title="">Rscr;</code> </td> <td> U+0211B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&realine;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rscr><td> <code title="">rscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4C7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Rsh><td> <code title="">Rsh;</code> </td> <td> U+021B1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rsh;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rsh><td> <code title="">rsh;</code> </td> <td> U+021B1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rsh;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rsqb><td> <code title="">rsqb;</code> </td> <td> U+0005D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">]</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rsquo><td> <code title="">rsquo;</code> </td> <td> U+02019 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rsquor;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rsquor><td> <code title="">rsquor;</code> </td> <td> U+02019 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rsquor;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rthree><td> <code title="">rthree;</code> </td> <td> U+022CC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rightthreetimes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rtimes><td> <code title="">rtimes;</code> </td> <td> U+022CA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rtimes;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rtri><td> <code title="">rtri;</code> </td> <td> U+025B9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&triangleright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rtrie><td> <code title="">rtrie;</code> </td> <td> U+022B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rtrie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rtrif><td> <code title="">rtrif;</code> </td> <td> U+025B8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blacktriangleright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rtriltri><td> <code title="">rtriltri;</code> </td> <td> U+029CE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rtriltri;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-RuleDelayed><td> <code title="">RuleDelayed;</code> </td> <td> U+029F4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&RuleDelayed;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ruluhar><td> <code title="">ruluhar;</code> </td> <td> U+02968 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ruluhar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-rx><td> <code title="">rx;</code> </td> <td> U+0211E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rx;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Sacute><td> <code title="">Sacute;</code> </td> <td> U+0015A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Sacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sacute><td> <code title="">sacute;</code> </td> <td> U+0015B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sbquo><td> <code title="">sbquo;</code> </td> <td> U+0201A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sbquo;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Sc><td> <code title="">Sc;</code> </td> <td> U+02ABC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Sc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sc><td> <code title="">sc;</code> </td> <td> U+0227B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&succ;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-scap><td> <code title="">scap;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&succapprox;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Scaron><td> <code title="">Scaron;</code> </td> <td> U+00160 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Scaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-scaron><td> <code title="">scaron;</code> </td> <td> U+00161 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&scaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sccue><td> <code title="">sccue;</code> </td> <td> U+0227D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sccue;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-scE><td> <code title="">scE;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&scE;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sce><td> <code title="">sce;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&succeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Scedil><td> <code title="">Scedil;</code> </td> <td> U+0015E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Scedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-scedil><td> <code title="">scedil;</code> </td> <td> U+0015F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&scedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Scirc><td> <code title="">Scirc;</code> </td> <td> U+0015C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Scirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-scirc><td> <code title="">scirc;</code> </td> <td> U+0015D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&scirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-scnap><td> <code title="">scnap;</code> </td> <td> U+02ABA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&scnap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-scnE><td> <code title="">scnE;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&succneqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-scnsim><td> <code title="">scnsim;</code> </td> <td> U+022E9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&succnsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-scpolint><td> <code title="">scpolint;</code> </td> <td> U+02A13 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&scpolint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-scsim><td> <code title="">scsim;</code> </td> <td> U+0227F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&scsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Scy><td> <code title="">Scy;</code> </td> <td> U+00421 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Scy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-scy><td> <code title="">scy;</code> </td> <td> U+00441 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&scy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sdot><td> <code title="">sdot;</code> </td> <td> U+022C5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sdotb><td> <code title="">sdotb;</code> </td> <td> U+022A1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&dotsquare;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sdote><td> <code title="">sdote;</code> </td> <td> U+02A66 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sdote;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-searhk><td> <code title="">searhk;</code> </td> <td> U+02925 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hksearow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-seArr><td> <code title="">seArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021D8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&seArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-searr><td> <code title="">searr;</code> </td> <td> U+02198 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&searrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-searrow><td> <code title="">searrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02198 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&searrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sect><td> <code title="">sect;</code> </td> <td> U+000A7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sect;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sect-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">sect</code> </td> <td> U+000A7 </td> <td> <span title="">&sect;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-semi><td> <code title="">semi;</code> </td> <td> U+0003B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-seswar><td> <code title="">seswar;</code> </td> <td> U+02929 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tosa;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-setminus><td> <code title="">setminus;</code> </td> <td> U+02216 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&smallsetminus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-setmn><td> <code title="">setmn;</code> </td> <td> U+02216 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&smallsetminus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sext><td> <code title="">sext;</code> </td> <td> U+02736 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sext;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Sfr><td> <code title="">Sfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D516 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Sfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sfr><td> <code title="">sfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D530 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sfrown><td> <code title="">sfrown;</code> </td> <td> U+02322 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&frown;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sharp><td> <code title="">sharp;</code> </td> <td> U+0266F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sharp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SHCHcy><td> <code title="">SHCHcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00429 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&SHCHcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-shchcy><td> <code title="">shchcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00449 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&shchcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SHcy><td> <code title="">SHcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00428 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&SHcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-shcy><td> <code title="">shcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00448 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&shcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ShortDownArrow><td> <code title="">ShortDownArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02193 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&downarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ShortLeftArrow><td> <code title="">ShortLeftArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02190 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&slarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-shortmid><td> <code title="">shortmid;</code> </td> <td> U+02223 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mid;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-shortparallel><td> <code title="">shortparallel;</code> </td> <td> U+02225 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&spar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ShortRightArrow><td> <code title="">ShortRightArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02192 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&srarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ShortUpArrow><td> <code title="">ShortUpArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02191 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uparrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-shy><td> <code title="">shy;</code> </td> <td> U+000AD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&shy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-shy-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">shy</code> </td> <td> U+000AD </td> <td> <span title="">&shy;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Sigma><td> <code title="">Sigma;</code> </td> <td> U+003A3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Sigma;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sigma><td> <code title="">sigma;</code> </td> <td> U+003C3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sigma;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sigmaf><td> <code title="">sigmaf;</code> </td> <td> U+003C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sigmav;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sigmav><td> <code title="">sigmav;</code> </td> <td> U+003C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sigmav;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sim><td> <code title="">sim;</code> </td> <td> U+0223C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-simdot><td> <code title="">simdot;</code> </td> <td> U+02A6A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&simdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sime><td> <code title="">sime;</code> </td> <td> U+02243 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&simeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-simeq><td> <code title="">simeq;</code> </td> <td> U+02243 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&simeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-simg><td> <code title="">simg;</code> </td> <td> U+02A9E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&simg;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-simgE><td> <code title="">simgE;</code> </td> <td> U+02AA0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&simgE;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-siml><td> <code title="">siml;</code> </td> <td> U+02A9D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&siml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-simlE><td> <code title="">simlE;</code> </td> <td> U+02A9F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&simlE;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-simne><td> <code title="">simne;</code> </td> <td> U+02246 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&simne;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-simplus><td> <code title="">simplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02A24 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&simplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-simrarr><td> <code title="">simrarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02972 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&simrarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-slarr><td> <code title="">slarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02190 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&slarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SmallCircle><td> <code title="">SmallCircle;</code> </td> <td> U+02218 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&compfn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-smallsetminus><td> <code title="">smallsetminus;</code> </td> <td> U+02216 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&smallsetminus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-smashp><td> <code title="">smashp;</code> </td> <td> U+02A33 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&smashp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-smeparsl><td> <code title="">smeparsl;</code> </td> <td> U+029E4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&smeparsl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-smid><td> <code title="">smid;</code> </td> <td> U+02223 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mid;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-smile><td> <code title="">smile;</code> </td> <td> U+02323 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&smile;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-smt><td> <code title="">smt;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&smt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-smte><td> <code title="">smte;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&smte;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-smtes><td> <code title="">smtes;</code> </td> <td> U+02AAC U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&smte;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SOFTcy><td> <code title="">SOFTcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0042C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&SOFTcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-softcy><td> <code title="">softcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0044C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&softcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sol><td> <code title="">sol;</code> </td> <td> U+0002F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">/</span> </td> <tr id=entity-solb><td> <code title="">solb;</code> </td> <td> U+029C4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&solb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-solbar><td> <code title="">solbar;</code> </td> <td> U+0233F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&solbar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Sopf><td> <code title="">Sopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D54A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Sopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sopf><td> <code title="">sopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D564 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-spades><td> <code title="">spades;</code> </td> <td> U+02660 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&spadesuit;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-spadesuit><td> <code title="">spadesuit;</code> </td> <td> U+02660 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&spadesuit;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-spar><td> <code title="">spar;</code> </td> <td> U+02225 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&spar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sqcap><td> <code title="">sqcap;</code> </td> <td> U+02293 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqcap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sqcaps><td> <code title="">sqcaps;</code> </td> <td> U+02293 U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&sqcap;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sqcup><td> <code title="">sqcup;</code> </td> <td> U+02294 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqcup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sqcups><td> <code title="">sqcups;</code> </td> <td> U+02294 U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&sqcup;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Sqrt><td> <code title="">Sqrt;</code> </td> <td> U+0221A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&radic;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sqsub><td> <code title="">sqsub;</code> </td> <td> U+0228F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqsub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sqsube><td> <code title="">sqsube;</code> </td> <td> U+02291 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqsubseteq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sqsubset><td> <code title="">sqsubset;</code> </td> <td> U+0228F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqsub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sqsubseteq><td> <code title="">sqsubseteq;</code> </td> <td> U+02291 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqsubseteq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sqsup><td> <code title="">sqsup;</code> </td> <td> U+02290 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqsupset;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sqsupe><td> <code title="">sqsupe;</code> </td> <td> U+02292 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqsupe;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sqsupset><td> <code title="">sqsupset;</code> </td> <td> U+02290 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqsupset;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sqsupseteq><td> <code title="">sqsupseteq;</code> </td> <td> U+02292 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqsupe;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-squ><td> <code title="">squ;</code> </td> <td> U+025A1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&squ;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Square><td> <code title="">Square;</code> </td> <td> U+025A1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&squ;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-square><td> <code title="">square;</code> </td> <td> U+025A1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&squ;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SquareIntersection><td> <code title="">SquareIntersection;</code> </td> <td> U+02293 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqcap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SquareSubset><td> <code title="">SquareSubset;</code> </td> <td> U+0228F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqsub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SquareSubsetEqual><td> <code title="">SquareSubsetEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02291 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqsubseteq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SquareSuperset><td> <code title="">SquareSuperset;</code> </td> <td> U+02290 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqsupset;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SquareSupersetEqual><td> <code title="">SquareSupersetEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02292 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqsupe;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SquareUnion><td> <code title="">SquareUnion;</code> </td> <td> U+02294 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sqcup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-squarf><td> <code title="">squarf;</code> </td> <td> U+025AA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blacksquare;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-squf><td> <code title="">squf;</code> </td> <td> U+025AA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&blacksquare;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-srarr><td> <code title="">srarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02192 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&srarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Sscr><td> <code title="">Sscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4AE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Sscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sscr><td> <code title="">sscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4C8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ssetmn><td> <code title="">ssetmn;</code> </td> <td> U+02216 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&smallsetminus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ssmile><td> <code title="">ssmile;</code> </td> <td> U+02323 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&smile;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sstarf><td> <code title="">sstarf;</code> </td> <td> U+022C6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sstarf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Star><td> <code title="">Star;</code> </td> <td> U+022C6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sstarf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-star><td> <code title="">star;</code> </td> <td> U+02606 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&star;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-starf><td> <code title="">starf;</code> </td> <td> U+02605 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigstar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-straightepsilon><td> <code title="">straightepsilon;</code> </td> <td> U+003F5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&straightepsilon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-straightphi><td> <code title="">straightphi;</code> </td> <td> U+003D5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&phiv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-strns><td> <code title="">strns;</code> </td> <td> U+000AF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&strns;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Sub><td> <code title="">Sub;</code> </td> <td> U+022D0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Sub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sub><td> <code title="">sub;</code> </td> <td> U+02282 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subdot><td> <code title="">subdot;</code> </td> <td> U+02ABD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subE><td> <code title="">subE;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subseteqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sube><td> <code title="">sube;</code> </td> <td> U+02286 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subseteq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subedot><td> <code title="">subedot;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subedot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-submult><td> <code title="">submult;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&submult;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subnE><td> <code title="">subnE;</code> </td> <td> U+02ACB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subsetneqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subne><td> <code title="">subne;</code> </td> <td> U+0228A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subsetneq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subplus><td> <code title="">subplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02ABF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subrarr><td> <code title="">subrarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02979 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subrarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Subset><td> <code title="">Subset;</code> </td> <td> U+022D0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Sub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subset><td> <code title="">subset;</code> </td> <td> U+02282 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subseteq><td> <code title="">subseteq;</code> </td> <td> U+02286 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subseteq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subseteqq><td> <code title="">subseteqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subseteqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SubsetEqual><td> <code title="">SubsetEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02286 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subseteq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subsetneq><td> <code title="">subsetneq;</code> </td> <td> U+0228A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subsetneq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subsetneqq><td> <code title="">subsetneqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02ACB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subsetneqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subsim><td> <code title="">subsim;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subsub><td> <code title="">subsub;</code> </td> <td> U+02AD5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subsub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-subsup><td> <code title="">subsup;</code> </td> <td> U+02AD3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&subsup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-succ><td> <code title="">succ;</code> </td> <td> U+0227B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&succ;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-succapprox><td> <code title="">succapprox;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&succapprox;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-succcurlyeq><td> <code title="">succcurlyeq;</code> </td> <td> U+0227D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sccue;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Succeeds><td> <code title="">Succeeds;</code> </td> <td> U+0227B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&succ;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SucceedsEqual><td> <code title="">SucceedsEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&succeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SucceedsSlantEqual><td> <code title="">SucceedsSlantEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+0227D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sccue;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SucceedsTilde><td> <code title="">SucceedsTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+0227F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&scsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-succeq><td> <code title="">succeq;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&succeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-succnapprox><td> <code title="">succnapprox;</code> </td> <td> U+02ABA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&scnap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-succneqq><td> <code title="">succneqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02AB6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&succneqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-succnsim><td> <code title="">succnsim;</code> </td> <td> U+022E9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&succnsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-succsim><td> <code title="">succsim;</code> </td> <td> U+0227F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&scsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SuchThat><td> <code title="">SuchThat;</code> </td> <td> U+0220B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&niv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Sum><td> <code title="">Sum;</code> </td> <td> U+02211 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sum;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sum><td> <code title="">sum;</code> </td> <td> U+02211 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sum;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sung><td> <code title="">sung;</code> </td> <td> U+0266A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sung;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Sup><td> <code title="">Sup;</code> </td> <td> U+022D1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Supset;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sup><td> <code title="">sup;</code> </td> <td> U+02283 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sup1><td> <code title="">sup1;</code> </td> <td> U+000B9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sup1;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sup1-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">sup1</code> </td> <td> U+000B9 </td> <td> <span title="">&sup1;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-sup2><td> <code title="">sup2;</code> </td> <td> U+000B2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sup2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sup2-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">sup2</code> </td> <td> U+000B2 </td> <td> <span title="">&sup2;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-sup3><td> <code title="">sup3;</code> </td> <td> U+000B3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sup3;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-sup3-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">sup3</code> </td> <td> U+000B3 </td> <td> <span title="">&sup3;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-supdot><td> <code title="">supdot;</code> </td> <td> U+02ABE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supdsub><td> <code title="">supdsub;</code> </td> <td> U+02AD8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supdsub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supE><td> <code title="">supE;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supseteqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supe><td> <code title="">supe;</code> </td> <td> U+02287 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supseteq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supedot><td> <code title="">supedot;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supedot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Superset><td> <code title="">Superset;</code> </td> <td> U+02283 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-SupersetEqual><td> <code title="">SupersetEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02287 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supseteq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-suphsol><td> <code title="">suphsol;</code> </td> <td> U+027C9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&suphsol;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-suphsub><td> <code title="">suphsub;</code> </td> <td> U+02AD7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&suphsub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-suplarr><td> <code title="">suplarr;</code> </td> <td> U+0297B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&suplarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supmult><td> <code title="">supmult;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supmult;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supnE><td> <code title="">supnE;</code> </td> <td> U+02ACC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supsetneqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supne><td> <code title="">supne;</code> </td> <td> U+0228B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supsetneq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supplus><td> <code title="">supplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Supset><td> <code title="">Supset;</code> </td> <td> U+022D1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Supset;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supset><td> <code title="">supset;</code> </td> <td> U+02283 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supseteq><td> <code title="">supseteq;</code> </td> <td> U+02287 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supseteq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supseteqq><td> <code title="">supseteqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supseteqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supsetneq><td> <code title="">supsetneq;</code> </td> <td> U+0228B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supsetneq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supsetneqq><td> <code title="">supsetneqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02ACC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supsetneqq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supsim><td> <code title="">supsim;</code> </td> <td> U+02AC8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supsim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supsub><td> <code title="">supsub;</code> </td> <td> U+02AD4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supsub;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-supsup><td> <code title="">supsup;</code> </td> <td> U+02AD6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&supsup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-swarhk><td> <code title="">swarhk;</code> </td> <td> U+02926 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hkswarow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-swArr><td> <code title="">swArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021D9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&swArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-swarr><td> <code title="">swarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02199 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&swarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-swarrow><td> <code title="">swarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02199 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&swarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-swnwar><td> <code title="">swnwar;</code> </td> <td> U+0292A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&swnwar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-szlig><td> <code title="">szlig;</code> </td> <td> U+000DF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&szlig;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-szlig-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">szlig</code> </td> <td> U+000DF </td> <td> <span title="">&szlig;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Tab><td> <code title="">Tab;</code> </td> <td> U+00009 </td> <td> <span class="glyph control" title="">&#x2409;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-target><td> <code title="">target;</code> </td> <td> U+02316 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&target;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Tau><td> <code title="">Tau;</code> </td> <td> U+003A4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Tau;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tau><td> <code title="">tau;</code> </td> <td> U+003C4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tau;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tbrk><td> <code title="">tbrk;</code> </td> <td> U+023B4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tbrk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Tcaron><td> <code title="">Tcaron;</code> </td> <td> U+00164 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Tcaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tcaron><td> <code title="">tcaron;</code> </td> <td> U+00165 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tcaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Tcedil><td> <code title="">Tcedil;</code> </td> <td> U+00162 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Tcedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tcedil><td> <code title="">tcedil;</code> </td> <td> U+00163 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tcedil;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Tcy><td> <code title="">Tcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00422 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Tcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tcy><td> <code title="">tcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00442 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tdot><td> <code title="">tdot;</code> </td> <td> U+020DB </td> <td> <span class="glyph composition" title="">&#x25cc;&tdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-telrec><td> <code title="">telrec;</code> </td> <td> U+02315 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&telrec;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Tfr><td> <code title="">Tfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D517 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Tfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tfr><td> <code title="">tfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D531 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-there4><td> <code title="">there4;</code> </td> <td> U+02234 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&therefore;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Therefore><td> <code title="">Therefore;</code> </td> <td> U+02234 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&therefore;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-therefore><td> <code title="">therefore;</code> </td> <td> U+02234 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&therefore;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Theta><td> <code title="">Theta;</code> </td> <td> U+00398 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Theta;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-theta><td> <code title="">theta;</code> </td> <td> U+003B8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&theta;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-thetasym><td> <code title="">thetasym;</code> </td> <td> U+003D1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&thetav;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-thetav><td> <code title="">thetav;</code> </td> <td> U+003D1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&thetav;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-thickapprox><td> <code title="">thickapprox;</code> </td> <td> U+02248 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&thkap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-thicksim><td> <code title="">thicksim;</code> </td> <td> U+0223C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ThickSpace><td> <code title="">ThickSpace;</code> </td> <td> U+0205F U+0200A </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&MediumSpace;&hairsp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-thinsp><td> <code title="">thinsp;</code> </td> <td> U+02009 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&thinsp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ThinSpace><td> <code title="">ThinSpace;</code> </td> <td> U+02009 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&thinsp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-thkap><td> <code title="">thkap;</code> </td> <td> U+02248 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&thkap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-thksim><td> <code title="">thksim;</code> </td> <td> U+0223C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-THORN><td> <code title="">THORN;</code> </td> <td> U+000DE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&THORN;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-THORN-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">THORN</code> </td> <td> U+000DE </td> <td> <span title="">&THORN;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-thorn><td> <code title="">thorn;</code> </td> <td> U+000FE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&thorn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-thorn-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">thorn</code> </td> <td> U+000FE </td> <td> <span title="">&thorn;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Tilde><td> <code title="">Tilde;</code> </td> <td> U+0223C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sim;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tilde><td> <code title="">tilde;</code> </td> <td> U+002DC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tilde;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-TildeEqual><td> <code title="">TildeEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02243 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&simeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-TildeFullEqual><td> <code title="">TildeFullEqual;</code> </td> <td> U+02245 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&cong;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-TildeTilde><td> <code title="">TildeTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+02248 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&thkap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-times><td> <code title="">times;</code> </td> <td> U+000D7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&times;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-times-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">times</code> </td> <td> U+000D7 </td> <td> <span title="">&times;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-timesb><td> <code title="">timesb;</code> </td> <td> U+022A0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&timesb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-timesbar><td> <code title="">timesbar;</code> </td> <td> U+02A31 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&timesbar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-timesd><td> <code title="">timesd;</code> </td> <td> U+02A30 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&timesd;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tint><td> <code title="">tint;</code> </td> <td> U+0222D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&iiint;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-toea><td> <code title="">toea;</code> </td> <td> U+02928 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&toea;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-top><td> <code title="">top;</code> </td> <td> U+022A4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&top;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-topbot><td> <code title="">topbot;</code> </td> <td> U+02336 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&topbot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-topcir><td> <code title="">topcir;</code> </td> <td> U+02AF1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&topcir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Topf><td> <code title="">Topf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D54B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Topf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-topf><td> <code title="">topf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D565 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&topf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-topfork><td> <code title="">topfork;</code> </td> <td> U+02ADA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&topfork;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tosa><td> <code title="">tosa;</code> </td> <td> U+02929 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tosa;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tprime><td> <code title="">tprime;</code> </td> <td> U+02034 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tprime;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-TRADE><td> <code title="">TRADE;</code> </td> <td> U+02122 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&trade;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-trade><td> <code title="">trade;</code> </td> <td> U+02122 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&trade;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-triangle><td> <code title="">triangle;</code> </td> <td> U+025B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&triangle;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-triangledown><td> <code title="">triangledown;</code> </td> <td> U+025BF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&triangledown;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-triangleleft><td> <code title="">triangleleft;</code> </td> <td> U+025C3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&triangleleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-trianglelefteq><td> <code title="">trianglelefteq;</code> </td> <td> U+022B4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ltrie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-triangleq><td> <code title="">triangleq;</code> </td> <td> U+0225C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&triangleq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-triangleright><td> <code title="">triangleright;</code> </td> <td> U+025B9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&triangleright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-trianglerighteq><td> <code title="">trianglerighteq;</code> </td> <td> U+022B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rtrie;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tridot><td> <code title="">tridot;</code> </td> <td> U+025EC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tridot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-trie><td> <code title="">trie;</code> </td> <td> U+0225C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&triangleq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-triminus><td> <code title="">triminus;</code> </td> <td> U+02A3A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&triminus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-TripleDot><td> <code title="">TripleDot;</code> </td> <td> U+020DB </td> <td> <span class="glyph composition" title="">&#x25cc;&tdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-triplus><td> <code title="">triplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02A39 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&triplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-trisb><td> <code title="">trisb;</code> </td> <td> U+029CD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&trisb;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tritime><td> <code title="">tritime;</code> </td> <td> U+02A3B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tritime;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-trpezium><td> <code title="">trpezium;</code> </td> <td> U+023E2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&trpezium;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Tscr><td> <code title="">Tscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4AF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Tscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tscr><td> <code title="">tscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4C9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-TScy><td> <code title="">TScy;</code> </td> <td> U+00426 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&TScy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tscy><td> <code title="">tscy;</code> </td> <td> U+00446 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tscy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-TSHcy><td> <code title="">TSHcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0040B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&TSHcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tshcy><td> <code title="">tshcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0045B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tshcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Tstrok><td> <code title="">Tstrok;</code> </td> <td> U+00166 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Tstrok;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-tstrok><td> <code title="">tstrok;</code> </td> <td> U+00167 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&tstrok;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-twixt><td> <code title="">twixt;</code> </td> <td> U+0226C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&between;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-twoheadleftarrow><td> <code title="">twoheadleftarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+0219E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&twoheadleftarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-twoheadrightarrow><td> <code title="">twoheadrightarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021A0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&twoheadrightarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Uacute><td> <code title="">Uacute;</code> </td> <td> U+000DA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Uacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Uacute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Uacute</code> </td> <td> U+000DA </td> <td> <span title="">&Uacute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-uacute><td> <code title="">uacute;</code> </td> <td> U+000FA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uacute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">uacute</code> </td> <td> U+000FA </td> <td> <span title="">&uacute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Uarr><td> <code title="">Uarr;</code> </td> <td> U+0219F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Uarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uArr><td> <code title="">uArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021D1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Uparrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uarr><td> <code title="">uarr;</code> </td> <td> U+02191 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uparrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Uarrocir><td> <code title="">Uarrocir;</code> </td> <td> U+02949 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Uarrocir;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ubrcy><td> <code title="">Ubrcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0040E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ubrcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ubrcy><td> <code title="">ubrcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0045E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ubrcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ubreve><td> <code title="">Ubreve;</code> </td> <td> U+0016C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ubreve;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ubreve><td> <code title="">ubreve;</code> </td> <td> U+0016D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ubreve;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ucirc><td> <code title="">Ucirc;</code> </td> <td> U+000DB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ucirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ucirc-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Ucirc</code> </td> <td> U+000DB </td> <td> <span title="">&Ucirc;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ucirc><td> <code title="">ucirc;</code> </td> <td> U+000FB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ucirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ucirc-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">ucirc</code> </td> <td> U+000FB </td> <td> <span title="">&ucirc;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Ucy><td> <code title="">Ucy;</code> </td> <td> U+00423 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ucy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ucy><td> <code title="">ucy;</code> </td> <td> U+00443 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ucy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-udarr><td> <code title="">udarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021C5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&udarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Udblac><td> <code title="">Udblac;</code> </td> <td> U+00170 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Udblac;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-udblac><td> <code title="">udblac;</code> </td> <td> U+00171 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&udblac;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-udhar><td> <code title="">udhar;</code> </td> <td> U+0296E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&udhar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ufisht><td> <code title="">ufisht;</code> </td> <td> U+0297E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ufisht;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ufr><td> <code title="">Ufr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D518 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ufr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ufr><td> <code title="">ufr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D532 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ufr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ugrave><td> <code title="">Ugrave;</code> </td> <td> U+000D9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ugrave;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ugrave-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Ugrave</code> </td> <td> U+000D9 </td> <td> <span title="">&Ugrave;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-ugrave><td> <code title="">ugrave;</code> </td> <td> U+000F9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ugrave;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ugrave-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">ugrave</code> </td> <td> U+000F9 </td> <td> <span title="">&ugrave;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-uHar><td> <code title="">uHar;</code> </td> <td> U+02963 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uHar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uharl><td> <code title="">uharl;</code> </td> <td> U+021BF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&upharpoonleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uharr><td> <code title="">uharr;</code> </td> <td> U+021BE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&upharpoonright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uhblk><td> <code title="">uhblk;</code> </td> <td> U+02580 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uhblk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ulcorn><td> <code title="">ulcorn;</code> </td> <td> U+0231C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ulcorn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ulcorner><td> <code title="">ulcorner;</code> </td> <td> U+0231C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ulcorn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ulcrop><td> <code title="">ulcrop;</code> </td> <td> U+0230F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ulcrop;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ultri><td> <code title="">ultri;</code> </td> <td> U+025F8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ultri;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Umacr><td> <code title="">Umacr;</code> </td> <td> U+0016A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Umacr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-umacr><td> <code title="">umacr;</code> </td> <td> U+0016B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&umacr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uml><td> <code title="">uml;</code> </td> <td> U+000A8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&die;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uml-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">uml</code> </td> <td> U+000A8 </td> <td> <span title="">&die;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-UnderBar><td> <code title="">UnderBar;</code> </td> <td> U+0005F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">_</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UnderBrace><td> <code title="">UnderBrace;</code> </td> <td> U+023DF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&UnderBrace;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UnderBracket><td> <code title="">UnderBracket;</code> </td> <td> U+023B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bbrk;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UnderParenthesis><td> <code title="">UnderParenthesis;</code> </td> <td> U+023DD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&UnderParenthesis;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Union><td> <code title="">Union;</code> </td> <td> U+022C3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xcup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UnionPlus><td> <code title="">UnionPlus;</code> </td> <td> U+0228E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Uogon><td> <code title="">Uogon;</code> </td> <td> U+00172 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Uogon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uogon><td> <code title="">uogon;</code> </td> <td> U+00173 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uogon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Uopf><td> <code title="">Uopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D54C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Uopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uopf><td> <code title="">uopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D566 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UpArrow><td> <code title="">UpArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02191 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uparrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Uparrow><td> <code title="">Uparrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021D1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Uparrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uparrow><td> <code title="">uparrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02191 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uparrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UpArrowBar><td> <code title="">UpArrowBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02912 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&UpArrowBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UpArrowDownArrow><td> <code title="">UpArrowDownArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021C5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&udarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UpDownArrow><td> <code title="">UpDownArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02195 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&varr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Updownarrow><td> <code title="">Updownarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021D5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DoubleUpDownArrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-updownarrow><td> <code title="">updownarrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02195 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&varr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UpEquilibrium><td> <code title="">UpEquilibrium;</code> </td> <td> U+0296E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&udhar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-upharpoonleft><td> <code title="">upharpoonleft;</code> </td> <td> U+021BF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&upharpoonleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-upharpoonright><td> <code title="">upharpoonright;</code> </td> <td> U+021BE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&upharpoonright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uplus><td> <code title="">uplus;</code> </td> <td> U+0228E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UpperLeftArrow><td> <code title="">UpperLeftArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02196 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nwarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UpperRightArrow><td> <code title="">UpperRightArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+02197 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&nearrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Upsi><td> <code title="">Upsi;</code> </td> <td> U+003D2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&upsih;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-upsi><td> <code title="">upsi;</code> </td> <td> U+003C5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&upsilon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-upsih><td> <code title="">upsih;</code> </td> <td> U+003D2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&upsih;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Upsilon><td> <code title="">Upsilon;</code> </td> <td> U+003A5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Upsilon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-upsilon><td> <code title="">upsilon;</code> </td> <td> U+003C5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&upsilon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UpTee><td> <code title="">UpTee;</code> </td> <td> U+022A5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bottom;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-UpTeeArrow><td> <code title="">UpTeeArrow;</code> </td> <td> U+021A5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mapstoup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-upuparrows><td> <code title="">upuparrows;</code> </td> <td> U+021C8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uuarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-urcorn><td> <code title="">urcorn;</code> </td> <td> U+0231D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&urcorn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-urcorner><td> <code title="">urcorner;</code> </td> <td> U+0231D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&urcorn;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-urcrop><td> <code title="">urcrop;</code> </td> <td> U+0230E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&urcrop;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Uring><td> <code title="">Uring;</code> </td> <td> U+0016E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Uring;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uring><td> <code title="">uring;</code> </td> <td> U+0016F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uring;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-urtri><td> <code title="">urtri;</code> </td> <td> U+025F9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&urtri;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Uscr><td> <code title="">Uscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4B0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Uscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uscr><td> <code title="">uscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4CA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-utdot><td> <code title="">utdot;</code> </td> <td> U+022F0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&utdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Utilde><td> <code title="">Utilde;</code> </td> <td> U+00168 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Utilde;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-utilde><td> <code title="">utilde;</code> </td> <td> U+00169 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&utilde;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-utri><td> <code title="">utri;</code> </td> <td> U+025B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&triangle;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-utrif><td> <code title="">utrif;</code> </td> <td> U+025B4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&utrif;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uuarr><td> <code title="">uuarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021C8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uuarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Uuml><td> <code title="">Uuml;</code> </td> <td> U+000DC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Uuml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Uuml-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Uuml</code> </td> <td> U+000DC </td> <td> <span title="">&Uuml;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-uuml><td> <code title="">uuml;</code> </td> <td> U+000FC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uuml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-uuml-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">uuml</code> </td> <td> U+000FC </td> <td> <span title="">&uuml;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-uwangle><td> <code title="">uwangle;</code> </td> <td> U+029A7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&uwangle;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vangrt><td> <code title="">vangrt;</code> </td> <td> U+0299C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vangrt;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varepsilon><td> <code title="">varepsilon;</code> </td> <td> U+003F5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&straightepsilon;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varkappa><td> <code title="">varkappa;</code> </td> <td> U+003F0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&kappav;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varnothing><td> <code title="">varnothing;</code> </td> <td> U+02205 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&emptyv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varphi><td> <code title="">varphi;</code> </td> <td> U+003D5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&phiv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varpi><td> <code title="">varpi;</code> </td> <td> U+003D6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&varpi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varpropto><td> <code title="">varpropto;</code> </td> <td> U+0221D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&propto;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vArr><td> <code title="">vArr;</code> </td> <td> U+021D5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DoubleUpDownArrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varr><td> <code title="">varr;</code> </td> <td> U+02195 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&varr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varrho><td> <code title="">varrho;</code> </td> <td> U+003F1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&rhov;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varsigma><td> <code title="">varsigma;</code> </td> <td> U+003C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&sigmav;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varsubsetneq><td> <code title="">varsubsetneq;</code> </td> <td> U+0228A U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&subsetneq;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varsubsetneqq><td> <code title="">varsubsetneqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02ACB U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&subsetneqq;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varsupsetneq><td> <code title="">varsupsetneq;</code> </td> <td> U+0228B U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&supsetneq;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-varsupsetneqq><td> <code title="">varsupsetneqq;</code> </td> <td> U+02ACC U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&supsetneqq;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vartheta><td> <code title="">vartheta;</code> </td> <td> U+003D1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&thetav;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vartriangleleft><td> <code title="">vartriangleleft;</code> </td> <td> U+022B2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vartriangleleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vartriangleright><td> <code title="">vartriangleright;</code> </td> <td> U+022B3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vartriangleright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Vbar><td> <code title="">Vbar;</code> </td> <td> U+02AEB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Vbar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vBar><td> <code title="">vBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02AE8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vBar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vBarv><td> <code title="">vBarv;</code> </td> <td> U+02AE9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vBarv;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Vcy><td> <code title="">Vcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00412 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Vcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vcy><td> <code title="">vcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00432 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-VDash><td> <code title="">VDash;</code> </td> <td> U+022AB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&VDash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Vdash><td> <code title="">Vdash;</code> </td> <td> U+022A9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Vdash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vDash><td> <code title="">vDash;</code> </td> <td> U+022A8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vDash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vdash><td> <code title="">vdash;</code> </td> <td> U+022A2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vdash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Vdashl><td> <code title="">Vdashl;</code> </td> <td> U+02AE6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Vdashl;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Vee><td> <code title="">Vee;</code> </td> <td> U+022C1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigvee;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vee><td> <code title="">vee;</code> </td> <td> U+02228 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vee;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-veebar><td> <code title="">veebar;</code> </td> <td> U+022BB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&veebar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-veeeq><td> <code title="">veeeq;</code> </td> <td> U+0225A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&veeeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vellip><td> <code title="">vellip;</code> </td> <td> U+022EE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vellip;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Verbar><td> <code title="">Verbar;</code> </td> <td> U+02016 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Vert;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-verbar><td> <code title="">verbar;</code> </td> <td> U+0007C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">|</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Vert><td> <code title="">Vert;</code> </td> <td> U+02016 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Vert;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vert><td> <code title="">vert;</code> </td> <td> U+0007C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">|</span> </td> <tr id=entity-VerticalBar><td> <code title="">VerticalBar;</code> </td> <td> U+02223 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&mid;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-VerticalLine><td> <code title="">VerticalLine;</code> </td> <td> U+0007C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">|</span> </td> <tr id=entity-VerticalSeparator><td> <code title="">VerticalSeparator;</code> </td> <td> U+02758 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&VerticalSeparator;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-VerticalTilde><td> <code title="">VerticalTilde;</code> </td> <td> U+02240 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wreath;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-VeryThinSpace><td> <code title="">VeryThinSpace;</code> </td> <td> U+0200A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&hairsp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Vfr><td> <code title="">Vfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D519 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Vfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vfr><td> <code title="">vfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D533 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vltri><td> <code title="">vltri;</code> </td> <td> U+022B2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vartriangleleft;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vnsub><td> <code title="">vnsub;</code> </td> <td> U+02282 U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&sub;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vnsup><td> <code title="">vnsup;</code> </td> <td> U+02283 U+020D2 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&sup;&#x20d2;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Vopf><td> <code title="">Vopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D54D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Vopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vopf><td> <code title="">vopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D567 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vprop><td> <code title="">vprop;</code> </td> <td> U+0221D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&propto;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vrtri><td> <code title="">vrtri;</code> </td> <td> U+022B3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vartriangleright;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Vscr><td> <code title="">Vscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4B1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Vscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vscr><td> <code title="">vscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4CB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vsubnE><td> <code title="">vsubnE;</code> </td> <td> U+02ACB U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&subsetneqq;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vsubne><td> <code title="">vsubne;</code> </td> <td> U+0228A U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&subsetneq;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vsupnE><td> <code title="">vsupnE;</code> </td> <td> U+02ACC U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&supsetneqq;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vsupne><td> <code title="">vsupne;</code> </td> <td> U+0228B U+0FE00 </td> <td> <span class="glyph compound" title="">&supsetneq;&#xfe00;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Vvdash><td> <code title="">Vvdash;</code> </td> <td> U+022AA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Vvdash;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-vzigzag><td> <code title="">vzigzag;</code> </td> <td> U+0299A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&vzigzag;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Wcirc><td> <code title="">Wcirc;</code> </td> <td> U+00174 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Wcirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-wcirc><td> <code title="">wcirc;</code> </td> <td> U+00175 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wcirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-wedbar><td> <code title="">wedbar;</code> </td> <td> U+02A5F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wedbar;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Wedge><td> <code title="">Wedge;</code> </td> <td> U+022C0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xwedge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-wedge><td> <code title="">wedge;</code> </td> <td> U+02227 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wedge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-wedgeq><td> <code title="">wedgeq;</code> </td> <td> U+02259 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wedgeq;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-weierp><td> <code title="">weierp;</code> </td> <td> U+02118 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Wfr><td> <code title="">Wfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D51A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Wfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-wfr><td> <code title="">wfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D534 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Wopf><td> <code title="">Wopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D54E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Wopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-wopf><td> <code title="">wopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D568 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-wp><td> <code title="">wp;</code> </td> <td> U+02118 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wp;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-wr><td> <code title="">wr;</code> </td> <td> U+02240 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wreath;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-wreath><td> <code title="">wreath;</code> </td> <td> U+02240 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wreath;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Wscr><td> <code title="">Wscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4B2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Wscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-wscr><td> <code title="">wscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4CC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&wscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xcap><td> <code title="">xcap;</code> </td> <td> U+022C2 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigcap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xcirc><td> <code title="">xcirc;</code> </td> <td> U+025EF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xcirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xcup><td> <code title="">xcup;</code> </td> <td> U+022C3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xcup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xdtri><td> <code title="">xdtri;</code> </td> <td> U+025BD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xdtri;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Xfr><td> <code title="">Xfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D51B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Xfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xfr><td> <code title="">xfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D535 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xhArr><td> <code title="">xhArr;</code> </td> <td> U+027FA </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&DoubleLongLeftRightArrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xharr><td> <code title="">xharr;</code> </td> <td> U+027F7 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xharr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Xi><td> <code title="">Xi;</code> </td> <td> U+0039E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Xi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xi><td> <code title="">xi;</code> </td> <td> U+003BE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xi;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xlArr><td> <code title="">xlArr;</code> </td> <td> U+027F8 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Longleftarrow;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xlarr><td> <code title="">xlarr;</code> </td> <td> U+027F5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xlarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xmap><td> <code title="">xmap;</code> </td> <td> U+027FC </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xmap;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xnis><td> <code title="">xnis;</code> </td> <td> U+022FB </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xnis;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xodot><td> <code title="">xodot;</code> </td> <td> U+02A00 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigodot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Xopf><td> <code title="">Xopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D54F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Xopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xopf><td> <code title="">xopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D569 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xoplus><td> <code title="">xoplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02A01 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigoplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xotime><td> <code title="">xotime;</code> </td> <td> U+02A02 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xotime;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xrArr><td> <code title="">xrArr;</code> </td> <td> U+027F9 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xrArr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xrarr><td> <code title="">xrarr;</code> </td> <td> U+027F6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xrarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Xscr><td> <code title="">Xscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4B3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Xscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xscr><td> <code title="">xscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4CD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xsqcup><td> <code title="">xsqcup;</code> </td> <td> U+02A06 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigsqcup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xuplus><td> <code title="">xuplus;</code> </td> <td> U+02A04 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xuplus;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xutri><td> <code title="">xutri;</code> </td> <td> U+025B3 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigtriangleup;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xvee><td> <code title="">xvee;</code> </td> <td> U+022C1 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&bigvee;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-xwedge><td> <code title="">xwedge;</code> </td> <td> U+022C0 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&xwedge;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Yacute><td> <code title="">Yacute;</code> </td> <td> U+000DD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Yacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Yacute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">Yacute</code> </td> <td> U+000DD </td> <td> <span title="">&Yacute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-yacute><td> <code title="">yacute;</code> </td> <td> U+000FD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&yacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-yacute-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">yacute</code> </td> <td> U+000FD </td> <td> <span title="">&yacute;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-YAcy><td> <code title="">YAcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0042F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&YAcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-yacy><td> <code title="">yacy;</code> </td> <td> U+0044F </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&yacy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ycirc><td> <code title="">Ycirc;</code> </td> <td> U+00176 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ycirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ycirc><td> <code title="">ycirc;</code> </td> <td> U+00177 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ycirc;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Ycy><td> <code title="">Ycy;</code> </td> <td> U+0042B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Ycy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ycy><td> <code title="">ycy;</code> </td> <td> U+0044B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ycy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-yen><td> <code title="">yen;</code> </td> <td> U+000A5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&yen;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-yen-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">yen</code> </td> <td> U+000A5 </td> <td> <span title="">&yen;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Yfr><td> <code title="">Yfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D51C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Yfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-yfr><td> <code title="">yfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D536 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&yfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-YIcy><td> <code title="">YIcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00407 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&YIcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-yicy><td> <code title="">yicy;</code> </td> <td> U+00457 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&yicy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Yopf><td> <code title="">Yopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D550 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Yopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-yopf><td> <code title="">yopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D56A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&yopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Yscr><td> <code title="">Yscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4B4 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Yscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-yscr><td> <code title="">yscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4CE </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&yscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-YUcy><td> <code title="">YUcy;</code> </td> <td> U+0042E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&YUcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-yucy><td> <code title="">yucy;</code> </td> <td> U+0044E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&yucy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Yuml><td> <code title="">Yuml;</code> </td> <td> U+00178 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Yuml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-yuml><td> <code title="">yuml;</code> </td> <td> U+000FF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&yuml;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-yuml-legacy class=impl><td> <code title="">yuml</code> </td> <td> U+000FF </td> <td> <span title="">&yuml;</span> </td> </tr><!-- (invalid entity with missing semicolon for legacy support only) --><tr id=entity-Zacute><td> <code title="">Zacute;</code> </td> <td> U+00179 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Zacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zacute><td> <code title="">zacute;</code> </td> <td> U+0017A </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zacute;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Zcaron><td> <code title="">Zcaron;</code> </td> <td> U+0017D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Zcaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zcaron><td> <code title="">zcaron;</code> </td> <td> U+0017E </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zcaron;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Zcy><td> <code title="">Zcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00417 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Zcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zcy><td> <code title="">zcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00437 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Zdot><td> <code title="">Zdot;</code> </td> <td> U+0017B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Zdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zdot><td> <code title="">zdot;</code> </td> <td> U+0017C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zdot;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zeetrf><td> <code title="">zeetrf;</code> </td> <td> U+02128 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zeetrf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ZeroWidthSpace><td> <code title="">ZeroWidthSpace;</code> </td> <td> U+0200B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&NegativeThickSpace;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Zeta><td> <code title="">Zeta;</code> </td> <td> U+00396 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Zeta;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zeta><td> <code title="">zeta;</code> </td> <td> U+003B6 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zeta;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Zfr><td> <code title="">Zfr;</code> </td> <td> U+02128 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zeetrf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zfr><td> <code title="">zfr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D537 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zfr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-ZHcy><td> <code title="">ZHcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00416 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&ZHcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zhcy><td> <code title="">zhcy;</code> </td> <td> U+00436 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zhcy;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zigrarr><td> <code title="">zigrarr;</code> </td> <td> U+021DD </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zigrarr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Zopf><td> <code title="">Zopf;</code> </td> <td> U+02124 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&integers;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zopf><td> <code title="">zopf;</code> </td> <td> U+1D56B </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zopf;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-Zscr><td> <code title="">Zscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4B5 </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&Zscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zscr><td> <code title="">zscr;</code> </td> <td> U+1D4CF </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zscr;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zwj><td> <code title="">zwj;</code> </td> <td> U+0200D </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zwj;</span> </td> <tr id=entity-zwnj><td> <code title="">zwnj;</code> </td> <td> U+0200C </td> <td> <span class=glyph title="">&zwnj;</span> </td> </table><!--
+ If we want to add character references, Almorca suggests:
+ > I would add &sub1; (character U+2081), &sub2; (character U+2082) and &sub3; (character U+2083).
+ > They would are the equivalent to &sup1;, &sup2;, and &sup3;.
+ See also: http://www.w3.org/2003/entities/
+ --></div>
+
+ <p>This data is also available <a href=entities.json>as a JSON file</a>.</p>
+
+ <p><i>The glyphs displayed above are non-normative. Refer to the Unicode specifications for formal
+ definitions of the characters listed above.</i></p>
+
+
+ <h2 id=the-xhtml-syntax><span class=secno>13 </span><dfn id=xhtml>The XHTML syntax</dfn></h2>
+
+ <p class=note>This section only describes the rules for XML resources. Rules for
+ <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code> resources are discussed in the section above entitled "<a href=#syntax>The HTML
+ syntax</a>".</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h3 id=writing-xhtml-documents><span class=secno>13.1 </span>Writing XHTML documents</h3>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The syntax for using HTML with XML, whether in XHTML documents or embedded in other XML
+ documents, is defined in the XML and Namespaces in XML specifications. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a> <a href=#refsXMLNS>[XMLNS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>This specification does not define any syntax-level requirements beyond those defined for XML
+ proper.</p>
+
+ <p>XML documents may contain a <code>DOCTYPE</code> if desired, but this is not required to
+ conform to this specification. This specification does not define a public or system identifier,
+ nor provide a formal DTD.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>According to the XML specification, XML processors are not guaranteed to process
+ the external DTD subset referenced in the DOCTYPE. This means, for example, that using <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#dt-entref>entity references</a> for characters in XHTML documents
+ is unsafe if they are defined in an external file (except for <code title="">&amp;lt;</code>,
+ <code title="">&amp;gt;</code>, <code title="">&amp;amp;</code>, <code title="">&amp;quot;</code>
+ and <code title="">&amp;apos;</code>).</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h3 id=parsing-xhtml-documents><span class=secno>13.2 </span>Parsing XHTML documents</h3>
+
+ <p>This section describes the relationship between XML and the DOM, with a particular emphasis on
+ how this interacts with HTML.</p>
+
+ <p>An <dfn id=xml-parser>XML parser</dfn>, for the purposes of this specification, is a construct that follows
+ the rules given in the XML specification to map a string of bytes or characters into a
+ <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>At the time of writing, no such rules actually exist.</p><!--XMLPARSE-->
+
+ <p>An <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> is either associated with a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object when it is
+ created, or creates one implicitly.</p>
+
+ <p>This <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> must then be populated with DOM nodes that represent the tree
+ structure of the input passed to the parser, as defined by the XML specification, the Namespaces
+ in XML specification, and the DOM specification. DOM mutation events must not fire for the
+ operations that the <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> performs on the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s tree, but the
+ user agent must act as if elements and attributes were individually appended and set respectively
+ so as to trigger rules in this specification regarding what happens when an element is inserted
+ into a document or has its attributes set, and the DOM specification's requirements regarding
+ mutation observers mean that mutation observers <em>are</em> fired (unlike mutation events). <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a> <a href=#refsXMLNS>[XMLNS]</a> <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a> <a href=#refsDOMEVENTS>[DOMEVENTS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>Between the time an element's start tag is parsed and the time either the element's end tag is
+ parsed or the parser detects a well-formedness error, the user agent must act as if the element
+ was in a <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is used by the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element to avoid instantiating plugins
+ before the <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> element children have been parsed.</p>
+
+ <p>This specification provides the following additional information that user agents should use
+ when retrieving an external entity: the public identifiers given in the following list all
+ correspond to <a href=data:application/xml-dtd;base64,PCFFTlRJVFkgVGFiICImI3g5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTmV3TGluZSAiJiN4QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGV4Y2wgIiYjeDIxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcXVvdCAiJiN4MjI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBRVU9UICImI3gyMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG51bSAiJiN4MjM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkb2xsYXIgIiYjeDI0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcGVyY250ICImI3gyNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFtcCAiJiN4MjY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBBTVAgIiYjeDI2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYXBvcyAiJiN4Mjc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBscGFyICImI3gyODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJwYXIgIiYjeDI5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYXN0ICImI3gyQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1pZGFzdCAiJiN4MkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwbHVzICImI3gyQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNvbW1hICImI3gyQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHBlcmlvZCAiJiN4MkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzb2wgIiYjeDJGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY29sb24gIiYjeDNBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2VtaSAiJiN4M0I7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsdCAiJiN4M0M7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMVCAiJiN4M0M7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBudmx0ICImI3gzQzsmI3gyMEQyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZXF1YWxzICImI3gzRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJuZSAiJiN4M0Q7JiN4MjBFNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGd0ICImI3gzRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEdUICImI3gzRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG52Z3QgIiYjeDNFOyYjeDIwRDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBxdWVzdCAiJiN4M0Y7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjb21tYXQgIiYjeDQwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbHNxYiAiJiN4NUI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsYnJhY2sgIiYjeDVCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYnNvbCAiJiN4NUM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByc3FiICImI3g1RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJicmFjayAiJiN4NUQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBIYXQgIiYjeDVFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG93YmFyICImI3g1RjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVuZGVyQmFyICImI3g1RjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGdyYXZlICImI3g2MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERpYWNyaXRpY2FsR3JhdmUgIiYjeDYwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZmpsaWcgIiYjeDY2OyYjeDZBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGN1YiAiJiN4N0I7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsYnJhY2UgIiYjeDdCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdmVyYmFyICImI3g3QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZlcnQgIiYjeDdDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVmVydGljYWxMaW5lICImI3g3QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJjdWIgIiYjeDdEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmJyYWNlICImI3g3RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5ic3AgIiYjeEEwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm9uQnJlYWtpbmdTcGFjZSAiJiN4QTA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpZXhjbCAiJiN4QTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjZW50ICImI3hBMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHBvdW5kICImI3hBMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGN1cnJlbiAiJiN4QTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB5ZW4gIiYjeEE1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYnJ2YmFyICImI3hBNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNlY3QgIiYjeEE3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRG90ICImI3hBODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRpZSAiJiN4QTg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEb3VibGVEb3QgIiYjeEE4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdW1sICImI3hBODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNvcHkgIiYjeEE5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ09QWSAiJiN4QTk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvcmRmICImI3hBQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxhcXVvICImI3hBQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5vdCAiJiN4QUM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzaHkgIiYjeEFEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmVnICImI3hBRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNpcmNsZWRSICImI3hBRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFJFRyAiJiN4QUU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBtYWNyICImI3hBRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN0cm5zICImI3hBRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRlZyAiJiN4QjA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwbHVzbW4gIiYjeEIxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcG0gIiYjeEIxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUGx1c01pbnVzICImI3hCMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1cDIgIiYjeEIyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3VwMyAiJiN4QjM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhY3V0ZSAiJiN4QjQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEaWFjcml0aWNhbEFjdXRlICImI3hCNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1pY3JvICImI3hCNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHBhcmEgIiYjeEI2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbWlkZG90ICImI3hCNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNlbnRlcmRvdCAiJiN4Qjc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBDZW50ZXJEb3QgIiYjeEI3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY2VkaWwgIiYjeEI4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ2VkaWxsYSAiJiN4Qjg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdXAxICImI3hCOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG9yZG0gIiYjeEJBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmFxdW8gIiYjeEJCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZnJhYzE0ICImI3hCQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGZyYWMxMiAiJiN4QkQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBoYWxmICImI3hCRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGZyYWMzNCAiJiN4QkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpcXVlc3QgIiYjeEJGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQWdyYXZlICImI3hDMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEFhY3V0ZSAiJiN4QzE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBBY2lyYyAiJiN4QzI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBBdGlsZGUgIiYjeEMzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQXVtbCAiJiN4QzQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBBcmluZyAiJiN4QzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhbmdzdCAiJiN4QzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBBRWxpZyAiJiN4QzY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBDY2VkaWwgIiYjeEM3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRWdyYXZlICImI3hDODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEVhY3V0ZSAiJiN4Qzk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBFY2lyYyAiJiN4Q0E7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBFdW1sICImI3hDQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIElncmF2ZSAiJiN4Q0M7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBJYWN1dGUgIiYjeENEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgSWNpcmMgIiYjeENFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgSXVtbCAiJiN4Q0Y7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBFVEggIiYjeEQwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTnRpbGRlICImI3hEMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE9ncmF2ZSAiJiN4RDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBPYWN1dGUgIiYjeEQzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgT2NpcmMgIiYjeEQ0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgT3RpbGRlICImI3hENTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE91bWwgIiYjeEQ2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdGltZXMgIiYjeEQ3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgT3NsYXNoICImI3hEODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVncmF2ZSAiJiN4RDk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBVYWN1dGUgIiYjeERBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVWNpcmMgIiYjeERCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVXVtbCAiJiN4REM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBZYWN1dGUgIiYjeEREOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVEhPUk4gIiYjeERFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3psaWcgIiYjeERGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYWdyYXZlICImI3hFMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFhY3V0ZSAiJiN4RTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhY2lyYyAiJiN4RTI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhdGlsZGUgIiYjeEUzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYXVtbCAiJiN4RTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhcmluZyAiJiN4RTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhZWxpZyAiJiN4RTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjY2VkaWwgIiYjeEU3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZWdyYXZlICImI3hFODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVhY3V0ZSAiJiN4RTk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlY2lyYyAiJiN4RUE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBldW1sICImI3hFQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGlncmF2ZSAiJiN4RUM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpYWN1dGUgIiYjeEVEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaWNpcmMgIiYjeEVFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaXVtbCAiJiN4RUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBldGggIiYjeEYwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnRpbGRlICImI3hGMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG9ncmF2ZSAiJiN4RjI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvYWN1dGUgIiYjeEYzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb2NpcmMgIiYjeEY0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb3RpbGRlICImI3hGNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG91bWwgIiYjeEY2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGl2aWRlICImI3hGNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRpdiAiJiN4Rjc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvc2xhc2ggIiYjeEY4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdWdyYXZlICImI3hGOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHVhY3V0ZSAiJiN4RkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1Y2lyYyAiJiN4RkI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1dW1sICImI3hGQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHlhY3V0ZSAiJiN4RkQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0aG9ybiAiJiN4RkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB5dW1sICImI3hGRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEFtYWNyICImI3gxMDA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhbWFjciAiJiN4MTAxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQWJyZXZlICImI3gxMDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhYnJldmUgIiYjeDEwMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEFvZ29uICImI3gxMDQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhb2dvbiAiJiN4MTA1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ2FjdXRlICImI3gxMDY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjYWN1dGUgIiYjeDEwNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIENjaXJjICImI3gxMDg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjY2lyYyAiJiN4MTA5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ2RvdCAiJiN4MTBBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY2RvdCAiJiN4MTBCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ2Nhcm9uICImI3gxMEM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjY2Fyb24gIiYjeDEwRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERjYXJvbiAiJiN4MTBFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGNhcm9uICImI3gxMEY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEc3Ryb2sgIiYjeDExMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRzdHJvayAiJiN4MTExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRW1hY3IgIiYjeDExMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVtYWNyICImI3gxMTM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBFZG90ICImI3gxMTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlZG90ICImI3gxMTc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBFb2dvbiAiJiN4MTE4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZW9nb24gIiYjeDExOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEVjYXJvbiAiJiN4MTFBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZWNhcm9uICImI3gxMUI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBHY2lyYyAiJiN4MTFDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2NpcmMgIiYjeDExRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEdicmV2ZSAiJiN4MTFFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2JyZXZlICImI3gxMUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBHZG90ICImI3gxMjA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBnZG90ICImI3gxMjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBHY2VkaWwgIiYjeDEyMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEhjaXJjICImI3gxMjQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBoY2lyYyAiJiN4MTI1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgSHN0cm9rICImI3gxMjY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBoc3Ryb2sgIiYjeDEyNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEl0aWxkZSAiJiN4MTI4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaXRpbGRlICImI3gxMjk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBJbWFjciAiJiN4MTJBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaW1hY3IgIiYjeDEyQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIElvZ29uICImI3gxMkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpb2dvbiAiJiN4MTJGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgSWRvdCAiJiN4MTMwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaW1hdGggIiYjeDEzMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGlub2RvdCAiJiN4MTMxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgSUpsaWcgIiYjeDEzMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGlqbGlnICImI3gxMzM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBKY2lyYyAiJiN4MTM0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgamNpcmMgIiYjeDEzNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEtjZWRpbCAiJiN4MTM2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkga2NlZGlsICImI3gxMzc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBrZ3JlZW4gIiYjeDEzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExhY3V0ZSAiJiN4MTM5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGFjdXRlICImI3gxM0E7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMY2VkaWwgIiYjeDEzQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxjZWRpbCAiJiN4MTNDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTGNhcm9uICImI3gxM0Q7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsY2Fyb24gIiYjeDEzRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExtaWRvdCAiJiN4MTNGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG1pZG90ICImI3gxNDA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMc3Ryb2sgIiYjeDE0MTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxzdHJvayAiJiN4MTQyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTmFjdXRlICImI3gxNDM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuYWN1dGUgIiYjeDE0NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5jZWRpbCAiJiN4MTQ1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmNlZGlsICImI3gxNDY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOY2Fyb24gIiYjeDE0NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5jYXJvbiAiJiN4MTQ4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmFwb3MgIiYjeDE0OTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEVORyAiJiN4MTRBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZW5nICImI3gxNEI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBPbWFjciAiJiN4MTRDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb21hY3IgIiYjeDE0RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE9kYmxhYyAiJiN4MTUwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb2RibGFjICImI3gxNTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBPRWxpZyAiJiN4MTUyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb2VsaWcgIiYjeDE1MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFJhY3V0ZSAiJiN4MTU0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmFjdXRlICImI3gxNTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSY2VkaWwgIiYjeDE1NjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJjZWRpbCAiJiN4MTU3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUmNhcm9uICImI3gxNTg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByY2Fyb24gIiYjeDE1OTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFNhY3V0ZSAiJiN4MTVBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2FjdXRlICImI3gxNUI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTY2lyYyAiJiN4MTVDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2NpcmMgIiYjeDE1RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFNjZWRpbCAiJiN4MTVFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2NlZGlsICImI3gxNUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTY2Fyb24gIiYjeDE2MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNjYXJvbiAiJiN4MTYxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVGNlZGlsICImI3gxNjI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0Y2VkaWwgIiYjeDE2MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFRjYXJvbiAiJiN4MTY0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdGNhcm9uICImI3gxNjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBUc3Ryb2sgIiYjeDE2NjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRzdHJvayAiJiN4MTY3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVXRpbGRlICImI3gxNjg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1dGlsZGUgIiYjeDE2OTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVtYWNyICImI3gxNkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1bWFjciAiJiN4MTZCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVWJyZXZlICImI3gxNkM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1YnJldmUgIiYjeDE2RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVyaW5nICImI3gxNkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1cmluZyAiJiN4MTZGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVWRibGFjICImI3gxNzA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1ZGJsYWMgIiYjeDE3MTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVvZ29uICImI3gxNzI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1b2dvbiAiJiN4MTczOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgV2NpcmMgIiYjeDE3NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHdjaXJjICImI3gxNzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBZY2lyYyAiJiN4MTc2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgeWNpcmMgIiYjeDE3NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFl1bWwgIiYjeDE3ODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFphY3V0ZSAiJiN4MTc5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgemFjdXRlICImI3gxN0E7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBaZG90ICImI3gxN0I7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB6ZG90ICImI3gxN0M7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBaY2Fyb24gIiYjeDE3RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHpjYXJvbiAiJiN4MTdFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZm5vZiAiJiN4MTkyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaW1wZWQgIiYjeDFCNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGdhY3V0ZSAiJiN4MUY1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgam1hdGggIiYjeDIzNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNpcmMgIiYjeDJDNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNhcm9uICImI3gyQzc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBIYWNlayAiJiN4MkM3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYnJldmUgIiYjeDJEODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEJyZXZlICImI3gyRDg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkb3QgIiYjeDJEOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERpYWNyaXRpY2FsRG90ICImI3gyRDk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByaW5nICImI3gyREE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvZ29uICImI3gyREI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0aWxkZSAiJiN4MkRDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRGlhY3JpdGljYWxUaWxkZSAiJiN4MkRDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGJsYWMgIiYjeDJERDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERpYWNyaXRpY2FsRG91YmxlQWN1dGUgIiYjeDJERDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERvd25CcmV2ZSAiJiN4MzExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQWxwaGEgIiYjeDM5MTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEJldGEgIiYjeDM5MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEdhbW1hICImI3gzOTM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEZWx0YSAiJiN4Mzk0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRXBzaWxvbiAiJiN4Mzk1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgWmV0YSAiJiN4Mzk2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRXRhICImI3gzOTc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBUaGV0YSAiJiN4Mzk4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgSW90YSAiJiN4Mzk5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgS2FwcGEgIiYjeDM5QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExhbWJkYSAiJiN4MzlCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTXUgIiYjeDM5QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE51ICImI3gzOUQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBYaSAiJiN4MzlFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgT21pY3JvbiAiJiN4MzlGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUGkgIiYjeDNBMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFJobyAiJiN4M0ExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU2lnbWEgIiYjeDNBMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFRhdSAiJiN4M0E0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVXBzaWxvbiAiJiN4M0E1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUGhpICImI3gzQTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBDaGkgIiYjeDNBNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFBzaSAiJiN4M0E4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgT21lZ2EgIiYjeDNBOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG9obSAiJiN4M0E5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYWxwaGEgIiYjeDNCMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJldGEgIiYjeDNCMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGdhbW1hICImI3gzQjM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkZWx0YSAiJiN4M0I0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZXBzaSAiJiN4M0I1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZXBzaWxvbiAiJiN4M0I1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgemV0YSAiJiN4M0I2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZXRhICImI3gzQjc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0aGV0YSAiJiN4M0I4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaW90YSAiJiN4M0I5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkga2FwcGEgIiYjeDNCQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxhbWJkYSAiJiN4M0JCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbXUgIiYjeDNCQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG51ICImI3gzQkQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB4aSAiJiN4M0JFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb21pY3JvbiAiJiN4M0JGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcGkgIiYjeDNDMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJobyAiJiN4M0MxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2lnbWF2ICImI3gzQzI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB2YXJzaWdtYSAiJiN4M0MyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2lnbWFmICImI3gzQzI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzaWdtYSAiJiN4M0MzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdGF1ICImI3gzQzQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1cHNpICImI3gzQzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1cHNpbG9uICImI3gzQzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwaGkgIiYjeDNDNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNoaSAiJiN4M0M3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcHNpICImI3gzQzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvbWVnYSAiJiN4M0M5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdGhldGF2ICImI3gzRDE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB2YXJ0aGV0YSAiJiN4M0QxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdGhldGFzeW0gIiYjeDNEMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVwc2kgIiYjeDNEMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHVwc2loICImI3gzRDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdHJhaWdodHBoaSAiJiN4M0Q1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcGhpdiAiJiN4M0Q1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdmFycGhpICImI3gzRDU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwaXYgIiYjeDNENjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZhcnBpICImI3gzRDY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBHYW1tYWQgIiYjeDNEQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGdhbW1hZCAiJiN4M0REOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGlnYW1tYSAiJiN4M0REOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkga2FwcGF2ICImI3gzRjA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB2YXJrYXBwYSAiJiN4M0YwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmhvdiAiJiN4M0YxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdmFycmhvICImI3gzRjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlcHNpdiAiJiN4M0Y1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3RyYWlnaHRlcHNpbG9uICImI3gzRjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB2YXJlcHNpbG9uICImI3gzRjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBiZXBzaSAiJiN4M0Y2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmFja2Vwc2lsb24gIiYjeDNGNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIElPY3kgIiYjeDQwMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERKY3kgIiYjeDQwMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEdKY3kgIiYjeDQwMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEp1a2N5ICImI3g0MDQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEU2N5ICImI3g0MDU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBJdWtjeSAiJiN4NDA2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgWUljeSAiJiN4NDA3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgSnNlcmN5ICImI3g0MDg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMSmN5ICImI3g0MDk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOSmN5ICImI3g0MEE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBUU0hjeSAiJiN4NDBCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgS0pjeSAiJiN4NDBDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVWJyY3kgIiYjeDQwRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERaY3kgIiYjeDQwRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEFjeSAiJiN4NDEwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQmN5ICImI3g0MTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBWY3kgIiYjeDQxMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEdjeSAiJiN4NDEzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRGN5ICImI3g0MTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBJRWN5ICImI3g0MTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBaSGN5ICImI3g0MTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBaY3kgIiYjeDQxNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEljeSAiJiN4NDE4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgSmN5ICImI3g0MTk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBLY3kgIiYjeDQxQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExjeSAiJiN4NDFCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTWN5ICImI3g0MUM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOY3kgIiYjeDQxRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE9jeSAiJiN4NDFFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUGN5ICImI3g0MUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSY3kgIiYjeDQyMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFNjeSAiJiN4NDIxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVGN5ICImI3g0MjI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBVY3kgIiYjeDQyMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEZjeSAiJiN4NDI0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgS0hjeSAiJiN4NDI1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVFNjeSAiJiN4NDI2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ0hjeSAiJiN4NDI3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU0hjeSAiJiN4NDI4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU0hDSGN5ICImI3g0Mjk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBIQVJEY3kgIiYjeDQyQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFljeSAiJiN4NDJCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU09GVGN5ICImI3g0MkM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBFY3kgIiYjeDQyRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFlVY3kgIiYjeDQyRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFlBY3kgIiYjeDQyRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFjeSAiJiN4NDMwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmN5ICImI3g0MzE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB2Y3kgIiYjeDQzMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGdjeSAiJiN4NDMzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGN5ICImI3g0MzQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpZWN5ICImI3g0MzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB6aGN5ICImI3g0MzY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB6Y3kgIiYjeDQzNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGljeSAiJiN4NDM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgamN5ICImI3g0Mzk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBrY3kgIiYjeDQzQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxjeSAiJiN4NDNCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbWN5ICImI3g0M0M7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuY3kgIiYjeDQzRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG9jeSAiJiN4NDNFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcGN5ICImI3g0M0Y7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByY3kgIiYjeDQ0MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNjeSAiJiN4NDQxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdGN5ICImI3g0NDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1Y3kgIiYjeDQ0MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGZjeSAiJiN4NDQ0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkga2hjeSAiJiN4NDQ1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdHNjeSAiJiN4NDQ2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY2hjeSAiJiN4NDQ3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2hjeSAiJiN4NDQ4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2hjaGN5ICImI3g0NDk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBoYXJkY3kgIiYjeDQ0QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHljeSAiJiN4NDRCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc29mdGN5ICImI3g0NEM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlY3kgIiYjeDQ0RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHl1Y3kgIiYjeDQ0RTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHlhY3kgIiYjeDQ0RjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGlvY3kgIiYjeDQ1MTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRqY3kgIiYjeDQ1MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGdqY3kgIiYjeDQ1MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGp1a2N5ICImI3g0NTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkc2N5ICImI3g0NTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpdWtjeSAiJiN4NDU2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgeWljeSAiJiN4NDU3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkganNlcmN5ICImI3g0NTg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsamN5ICImI3g0NTk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuamN5ICImI3g0NUE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0c2hjeSAiJiN4NDVCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkga2pjeSAiJiN4NDVDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdWJyY3kgIiYjeDQ1RTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGR6Y3kgIiYjeDQ1RjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVuc3AgIiYjeDIwMDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlbXNwICImI3gyMDAzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZW1zcDEzICImI3gyMDA0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZW1zcDE0ICImI3gyMDA1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnVtc3AgIiYjeDIwMDc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwdW5jc3AgIiYjeDIwMDg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0aGluc3AgIiYjeDIwMDk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBUaGluU3BhY2UgIiYjeDIwMDk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBoYWlyc3AgIiYjeDIwMEE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBWZXJ5VGhpblNwYWNlICImI3gyMDBBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgWmVyb1dpZHRoU3BhY2UgIiYjeDIwMEI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOZWdhdGl2ZVZlcnlUaGluU3BhY2UgIiYjeDIwMEI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOZWdhdGl2ZVRoaW5TcGFjZSAiJiN4MjAwQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5lZ2F0aXZlTWVkaXVtU3BhY2UgIiYjeDIwMEI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOZWdhdGl2ZVRoaWNrU3BhY2UgIiYjeDIwMEI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB6d25qICImI3gyMDBDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgendqICImI3gyMDBEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbHJtICImI3gyMDBFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmxtICImI3gyMDBGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaHlwaGVuICImI3gyMDEwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGFzaCAiJiN4MjAxMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5kYXNoICImI3gyMDEzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbWRhc2ggIiYjeDIwMTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBob3JiYXIgIiYjeDIwMTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBWZXJiYXIgIiYjeDIwMTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBWZXJ0ICImI3gyMDE2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbHNxdW8gIiYjeDIwMTg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBPcGVuQ3VybHlRdW90ZSAiJiN4MjAxODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJzcXVvICImI3gyMDE5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcnNxdW9yICImI3gyMDE5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ2xvc2VDdXJseVF1b3RlICImI3gyMDE5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbHNxdW9yICImI3gyMDFBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2JxdW8gIiYjeDIwMUE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZHF1byAiJiN4MjAxQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE9wZW5DdXJseURvdWJsZVF1b3RlICImI3gyMDFDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmRxdW8gIiYjeDIwMUQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByZHF1b3IgIiYjeDIwMUQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBDbG9zZUN1cmx5RG91YmxlUXVvdGUgIiYjeDIwMUQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZHF1b3IgIiYjeDIwMUU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBiZHF1byAiJiN4MjAxRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRhZ2dlciAiJiN4MjAyMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERhZ2dlciAiJiN4MjAyMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRkYWdnZXIgIiYjeDIwMjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBidWxsICImI3gyMDIyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYnVsbGV0ICImI3gyMDIyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmxkciAiJiN4MjAyNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGhlbGxpcCAiJiN4MjAyNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1sZHIgIiYjeDIwMjY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwZXJtaWwgIiYjeDIwMzA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwZXJ0ZW5rICImI3gyMDMxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcHJpbWUgIiYjeDIwMzI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBQcmltZSAiJiN4MjAzMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRwcmltZSAiJiN4MjAzNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJwcmltZSAiJiN4MjAzNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJhY2twcmltZSAiJiN4MjAzNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxzYXF1byAiJiN4MjAzOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJzYXF1byAiJiN4MjAzQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG9saW5lICImI3gyMDNFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgT3ZlckJhciAiJiN4MjAzRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNhcmV0ICImI3gyMDQxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaHlidWxsICImI3gyMDQzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZnJhc2wgIiYjeDIwNDQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBic2VtaSAiJiN4MjA0RjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHFwcmltZSAiJiN4MjA1NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE1lZGl1bVNwYWNlICImI3gyMDVGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVGhpY2tTcGFjZSAiJiN4MjA1RjsmI3gyMDBBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm9CcmVhayAiJiN4MjA2MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEFwcGx5RnVuY3Rpb24gIiYjeDIwNjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhZiAiJiN4MjA2MTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEludmlzaWJsZVRpbWVzICImI3gyMDYyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaXQgIiYjeDIwNjI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBJbnZpc2libGVDb21tYSAiJiN4MjA2MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGljICImI3gyMDYzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZXVybyAiJiN4MjBBQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRkb3QgIiYjeDIwREI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBUcmlwbGVEb3QgIiYjeDIwREI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEb3REb3QgIiYjeDIwREM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBDb3BmICImI3gyMTAyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY29tcGxleGVzICImI3gyMTAyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaW5jYXJlICImI3gyMTA1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ3NjciAiJiN4MjEwQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGhhbWlsdCAiJiN4MjEwQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEhpbGJlcnRTcGFjZSAiJiN4MjEwQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEhzY3IgIiYjeDIxMEI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBIZnIgIiYjeDIxMEM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBQb2luY2FyZXBsYW5lICImI3gyMTBDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcXVhdGVybmlvbnMgIiYjeDIxMEQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBIb3BmICImI3gyMTBEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcGxhbmNraCAiJiN4MjEwRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHBsYW5jayAiJiN4MjEwRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGhiYXIgIiYjeDIxMEY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwbGFua3YgIiYjeDIxMEY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBoc2xhc2ggIiYjeDIxMEY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBJc2NyICImI3gyMTEwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaW1hZ2xpbmUgIiYjeDIxMTA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpbWFnZSAiJiN4MjExMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEltICImI3gyMTExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaW1hZ3BhcnQgIiYjeDIxMTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBJZnIgIiYjeDIxMTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMc2NyICImI3gyMTEyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGFncmFuICImI3gyMTEyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTGFwbGFjZXRyZiAiJiN4MjExMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVsbCAiJiN4MjExMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vcGYgIiYjeDIxMTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuYXR1cmFscyAiJiN4MjExNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG51bWVybyAiJiN4MjExNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNvcHlzciAiJiN4MjExNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHdlaWVycCAiJiN4MjExODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHdwICImI3gyMTE4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUG9wZiAiJiN4MjExOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHByaW1lcyAiJiN4MjExOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJhdGlvbmFscyAiJiN4MjExQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFFvcGYgIiYjeDIxMUE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSc2NyICImI3gyMTFCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmVhbGluZSAiJiN4MjExQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJlYWwgIiYjeDIxMUM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSZSAiJiN4MjExQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJlYWxwYXJ0ICImI3gyMTFDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUmZyICImI3gyMTFDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmVhbHMgIiYjeDIxMUQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSb3BmICImI3gyMTFEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcnggIiYjeDIxMUU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0cmFkZSAiJiN4MjEyMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFRSQURFICImI3gyMTIyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaW50ZWdlcnMgIiYjeDIxMjQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBab3BmICImI3gyMTI0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbWhvICImI3gyMTI3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgWmZyICImI3gyMTI4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgemVldHJmICImI3gyMTI4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaWlvdGEgIiYjeDIxMjk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBiZXJub3UgIiYjeDIxMkM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBCZXJub3VsbGlzICImI3gyMTJDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQnNjciAiJiN4MjEyQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIENmciAiJiN4MjEyRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIENheWxleXMgIiYjeDIxMkQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlc2NyICImI3gyMTJGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRXNjciAiJiN4MjEzMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGV4cGVjdGF0aW9uICImI3gyMTMwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRnNjciAiJiN4MjEzMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEZvdXJpZXJ0cmYgIiYjeDIxMzE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwaG1tYXQgIiYjeDIxMzM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBNZWxsaW50cmYgIiYjeDIxMzM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBNc2NyICImI3gyMTMzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb3JkZXIgIiYjeDIxMzQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvcmRlcm9mICImI3gyMTM0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb3NjciAiJiN4MjEzNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFsZWZzeW0gIiYjeDIxMzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhbGVwaCAiJiN4MjEzNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJldGggIiYjeDIxMzY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBnaW1lbCAiJiN4MjEzNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRhbGV0aCAiJiN4MjEzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIENhcGl0YWxEaWZmZXJlbnRpYWxEICImI3gyMTQ1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgREQgIiYjeDIxNDU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEaWZmZXJlbnRpYWxEICImI3gyMTQ2OyI%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%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdWFyciAiJiN4MjE5MTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHVwYXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxOTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBVcEFycm93ICImI3gyMTkxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU2hvcnRVcEFycm93ICImI3gyMTkxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmFyciAiJiN4MjE5MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJpZ2h0YXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxOTI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSaWdodEFycm93ICImI3gyMTkyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3JhcnIgIiYjeDIxOTI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTaG9ydFJpZ2h0QXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxOTI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkYXJyICImI3gyMTkzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZG93bmFycm93ICImI3gyMTkzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRG93bkFycm93ICImI3gyMTkzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU2hvcnREb3duQXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxOTM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBoYXJyICImI3gyMTk0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGVmdHJpZ2h0YXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxOTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMZWZ0UmlnaHRBcnJvdyAiJiN4MjE5NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZhcnIgIiYjeDIxOTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1cGRvd25hcnJvdyAiJiN4MjE5NTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVwRG93bkFycm93ICImI3gyMTk1OyI%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%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmxlZnRhcnJvdyAiJiN4MjE5QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5yYXJyICImI3gyMTlCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnJpZ2h0YXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxOUI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByYXJydyAiJiN4MjE5RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJpZ2h0c3F1aWdhcnJvdyAiJiN4MjE5RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5yYXJydyAiJiN4MjE5RDsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMYXJyICImI3gyMTlFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdHdvaGVhZGxlZnRhcnJvdyAiJiN4MjE5RTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVhcnIgIiYjeDIxOUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSYXJyICImI3gyMUEwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdHdvaGVhZHJpZ2h0YXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxQTA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEYXJyICImI3gyMUExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGFycnRsICImI3gyMUEyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGVmdGFycm93dGFpbCAiJiN4MjFBMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJhcnJ0bCAiJiN4MjFBMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJpZ2h0YXJyb3d0YWlsICImI3gyMUEzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTGVmdFRlZUFycm93ICImI3gyMUE0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbWFwc3RvbGVmdCAiJiN4MjFBNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVwVGVlQXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxQTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBtYXBzdG91cCAiJiN4MjFBNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1hcCAiJiN4MjFBNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFJpZ2h0VGVlQXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxQTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBtYXBzdG8gIiYjeDIxQTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEb3duVGVlQXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxQTc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBtYXBzdG9kb3duICImI3gyMUE3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGFycmhrICImI3gyMUE5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaG9va2xlZnRhcnJvdyAiJiN4MjFBOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJhcnJoayAiJiN4MjFBQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGhvb2tyaWdodGFycm93ICImI3gyMUFBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGFycmxwICImI3gyMUFCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG9vcGFycm93bGVmdCAiJiN4MjFBQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJhcnJscCAiJiN4MjFBQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxvb3BhcnJvd3JpZ2h0ICImI3gyMUFDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaGFycncgIiYjeDIxQUQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZWZ0cmlnaHRzcXVpZ2Fycm93ICImI3gyMUFEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmhhcnIgIiYjeDIxQUU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBubGVmdHJpZ2h0YXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxQUU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsc2ggIiYjeDIxQjA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMc2ggIiYjeDIxQjA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByc2ggIiYjeDIxQjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSc2ggIiYjeDIxQjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZHNoICImI3gyMUIyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmRzaCAiJiN4MjFCMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNyYXJyICImI3gyMUI1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY3VsYXJyICImI3gyMUI2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY3VydmVhcnJvd2xlZnQgIiYjeDIxQjY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjdXJhcnIgIiYjeDIxQjc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjdXJ2ZWFycm93cmlnaHQgIiYjeDIxQjc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvbGFyciAiJiN4MjFCQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNpcmNsZWFycm93bGVmdCAiJiN4MjFCQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG9yYXJyICImI3gyMUJCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY2lyY2xlYXJyb3dyaWdodCAiJiN4MjFCQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxoYXJ1ICImI3gyMUJDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTGVmdFZlY3RvciAiJiN4MjFCQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxlZnRoYXJwb29udXAgIiYjeDIxQkM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsaGFyZCAiJiN4MjFCRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxlZnRoYXJwb29uZG93biAiJiN4MjFCRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERvd25MZWZ0VmVjdG9yICImI3gyMUJEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdWhhcnIgIiYjeDIxQkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1cGhhcnBvb25yaWdodCAiJiN4MjFCRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFJpZ2h0VXBWZWN0b3IgIiYjeDIxQkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1aGFybCAiJiN4MjFCRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHVwaGFycG9vbmxlZnQgIiYjeDIxQkY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMZWZ0VXBWZWN0b3IgIiYjeDIxQkY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByaGFydSAiJiN4MjFDMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFJpZ2h0VmVjdG9yICImI3gyMUMwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmlnaHRoYXJwb29udXAgIiYjeDIxQzA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByaGFyZCAiJiN4MjFDMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJpZ2h0aGFycG9vbmRvd24gIiYjeDIxQzE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEb3duUmlnaHRWZWN0b3IgIiYjeDIxQzE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkaGFyciAiJiN4MjFDMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFJpZ2h0RG93blZlY3RvciAiJiN4MjFDMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRvd25oYXJwb29ucmlnaHQgIiYjeDIxQzI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkaGFybCAiJiN4MjFDMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExlZnREb3duVmVjdG9yICImI3gyMUMzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZG93bmhhcnBvb25sZWZ0ICImI3gyMUMzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmxhcnIgIiYjeDIxQzQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByaWdodGxlZnRhcnJvd3MgIiYjeDIxQzQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSaWdodEFycm93TGVmdEFycm93ICImI3gyMUM0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdWRhcnIgIiYjeDIxQzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBVcEFycm93RG93bkFycm93ICImI3gyMUM1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbHJhcnIgIiYjeDIxQzY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZWZ0cmlnaHRhcnJvd3MgIiYjeDIxQzY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMZWZ0QXJyb3dSaWdodEFycm93ICImI3gyMUM2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGxhcnIgIiYjeDIxQzc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZWZ0bGVmdGFycm93cyAiJiN4MjFDNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHV1YXJyICImI3gyMUM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdXB1cGFycm93cyAiJiN4MjFDODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJyYXJyICImI3gyMUM5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmlnaHRyaWdodGFycm93cyAiJiN4MjFDOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRkYXJyICImI3gyMUNBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZG93bmRvd25hcnJvd3MgIiYjeDIxQ0E7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBscmhhciAiJiN4MjFDQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFJldmVyc2VFcXVpbGlicml1bSAiJiN4MjFDQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxlZnRyaWdodGhhcnBvb25zICImI3gyMUNCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmxoYXIgIiYjeDIxQ0M7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByaWdodGxlZnRoYXJwb29ucyAiJiN4MjFDQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEVxdWlsaWJyaXVtICImI3gyMUNDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmxBcnIgIiYjeDIxQ0Q7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuTGVmdGFycm93ICImI3gyMUNEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmhBcnIgIiYjeDIxQ0U7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuTGVmdHJpZ2h0YXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxQ0U7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuckFyciAiJiN4MjFDRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5SaWdodGFycm93ICImI3gyMUNGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbEFyciAiJiN4MjFEMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExlZnRhcnJvdyAiJiN4MjFEMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERvdWJsZUxlZnRBcnJvdyAiJiN4MjFEMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHVBcnIgIiYjeDIxRDE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBVcGFycm93ICImI3gyMUQxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRG91YmxlVXBBcnJvdyAiJiN4MjFEMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJBcnIgIiYjeDIxRDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSaWdodGFycm93ICImI3gyMUQyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgSW1wbGllcyAiJiN4MjFEMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERvdWJsZVJpZ2h0QXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxRDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkQXJyICImI3gyMUQzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRG93bmFycm93ICImI3gyMUQzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRG91YmxlRG93bkFycm93ICImI3gyMUQzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaEFyciAiJiN4MjFENDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExlZnRyaWdodGFycm93ICImI3gyMUQ0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRG91YmxlTGVmdFJpZ2h0QXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxRDQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpZmYgIiYjeDIxRDQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB2QXJyICImI3gyMUQ1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVXBkb3duYXJyb3cgIiYjeDIxRDU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEb3VibGVVcERvd25BcnJvdyAiJiN4MjFENTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG53QXJyICImI3gyMUQ2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmVBcnIgIiYjeDIxRDc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzZUFyciAiJiN4MjFEODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN3QXJyICImI3gyMUQ5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbEFhcnIgIiYjeDIxREE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMbGVmdGFycm93ICImI3gyMURBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgckFhcnIgIiYjeDIxREI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBScmlnaHRhcnJvdyAiJiN4MjFEQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHppZ3JhcnIgIiYjeDIxREQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsYXJyYiAiJiN4MjFFNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExlZnRBcnJvd0JhciAiJiN4MjFFNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJhcnJiICImI3gyMUU1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUmlnaHRBcnJvd0JhciAiJiN4MjFFNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGR1YXJyICImI3gyMUY1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRG93bkFycm93VXBBcnJvdyAiJiN4MjFGNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxvYXJyICImI3gyMUZEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcm9hcnIgIiYjeDIxRkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBob2FyciAiJiN4MjFGRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGZvcmFsbCAiJiN4MjIwMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEZvckFsbCAiJiN4MjIwMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNvbXAgIiYjeDIyMDE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjb21wbGVtZW50ICImI3gyMjAxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcGFydCAiJiN4MjIwMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFBhcnRpYWxEICImI3gyMjAyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnBhcnQgIiYjeDIyMDI7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZXhpc3QgIiYjeDIyMDM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBFeGlzdHMgIiYjeDIyMDM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuZXhpc3QgIiYjeDIyMDQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RFeGlzdHMgIiYjeDIyMDQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuZXhpc3RzICImI3gyMjA0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZW1wdHkgIiYjeDIyMDU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlbXB0eXNldCAiJiN4MjIwNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVtcHR5diAiJiN4MjIwNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZhcm5vdGhpbmcgIiYjeDIyMDU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuYWJsYSAiJiN4MjIwNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERlbCAiJiN4MjIwNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGlzaW4gIiYjeDIyMDg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpc2ludiAiJiN4MjIwODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEVsZW1lbnQgIiYjeDIyMDg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpbiAiJiN4MjIwODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5vdGluICImI3gyMjA5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90RWxlbWVudCAiJiN4MjIwOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5vdGludmEgIiYjeDIyMDk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuaXYgIiYjeDIyMEI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSZXZlcnNlRWxlbWVudCAiJiN4MjIwQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5pICImI3gyMjBCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU3VjaFRoYXQgIiYjeDIyMEI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBub3RuaSAiJiN4MjIwQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5vdG5pdmEgIiYjeDIyMEM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RSZXZlcnNlRWxlbWVudCAiJiN4MjIwQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHByb2QgIiYjeDIyMEY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBQcm9kdWN0ICImI3gyMjBGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY29wcm9kICImI3gyMjEwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ29wcm9kdWN0ICImI3gyMjEwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3VtICImI3gyMjExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU3VtICImI3gyMjExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbWludXMgIiYjeDIyMTI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBtbnBsdXMgIiYjeDIyMTM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBtcCAiJiN4MjIxMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE1pbnVzUGx1cyAiJiN4MjIxMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHBsdXNkbyAiJiN4MjIxNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRvdHBsdXMgIiYjeDIyMTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzZXRtbiAiJiN4MjIxNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNldG1pbnVzICImI3gyMjE2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQmFja3NsYXNoICImI3gyMjE2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3NldG1uICImI3gyMjE2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc21hbGxzZXRtaW51cyAiJiN4MjIxNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxvd2FzdCAiJiN4MjIxNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNvbXBmbiAiJiN4MjIxODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFNtYWxsQ2lyY2xlICImI3gyMjE4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmFkaWMgIiYjeDIyMUE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTcXJ0ICImI3gyMjFBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcHJvcCAiJiN4MjIxRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHByb3B0byAiJiN4MjIxRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFByb3BvcnRpb25hbCAiJiN4MjIxRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZwcm9wICImI3gyMjFEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdmFycHJvcHRvICImI3gyMjFEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaW5maW4gIiYjeDIyMUU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhbmdydCAiJiN4MjIxRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFuZyAiJiN4MjIyMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFuZ2xlICImI3gyMjIwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmFuZyAiJiN4MjIyMDsmI3gyMEQyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYW5nbXNkICImI3gyMjIxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbWVhc3VyZWRhbmdsZSAiJiN4MjIyMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFuZ3NwaCAiJiN4MjIyMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1pZCAiJiN4MjIyMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFZlcnRpY2FsQmFyICImI3gyMjIzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc21pZCAiJiN4MjIyMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNob3J0bWlkICImI3gyMjIzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbm1pZCAiJiN4MjIyNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdFZlcnRpY2FsQmFyICImI3gyMjI0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnNtaWQgIiYjeDIyMjQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuc2hvcnRtaWQgIiYjeDIyMjQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwYXIgIiYjeDIyMjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwYXJhbGxlbCAiJiN4MjIyNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERvdWJsZVZlcnRpY2FsQmFyICImI3gyMjI1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3BhciAiJiN4MjIyNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNob3J0cGFyYWxsZWwgIiYjeDIyMjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBucGFyICImI3gyMjI2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnBhcmFsbGVsICImI3gyMjI2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90RG91YmxlVmVydGljYWxCYXIgIiYjeDIyMjY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuc3BhciAiJiN4MjIyNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5zaG9ydHBhcmFsbGVsICImI3gyMjI2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYW5kICImI3gyMjI3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgd2VkZ2UgIiYjeDIyMjc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvciAiJiN4MjIyODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZlZSAiJiN4MjIyODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNhcCAiJiN4MjIyOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNhcHMgIiYjeDIyMjk7JiN4RkUwMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGN1cCAiJiN4MjIyQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGN1cHMgIiYjeDIyMkE7JiN4RkUwMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGludCAiJiN4MjIyQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEludGVncmFsICImI3gyMjJCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgSW50ICImI3gyMjJDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdGludCAiJiN4MjIyRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGlpaW50ICImI3gyMjJEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY29uaW50ICImI3gyMjJFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb2ludCAiJiN4MjIyRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIENvbnRvdXJJbnRlZ3JhbCAiJiN4MjIyRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIENvbmludCAiJiN4MjIyRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERvdWJsZUNvbnRvdXJJbnRlZ3JhbCAiJiN4MjIyRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIENjb25pbnQgIiYjeDIyMzA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjd2ludCAiJiN4MjIzMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGN3Y29uaW50ICImI3gyMjMyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ2xvY2t3aXNlQ29udG91ckludGVncmFsICImI3gyMjMyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYXdjb25pbnQgIiYjeDIyMzM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBDb3VudGVyQ2xvY2t3aXNlQ29udG91ckludGVncmFsICImI3gyMjMzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdGhlcmU0ICImI3gyMjM0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdGhlcmVmb3JlICImI3gyMjM0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVGhlcmVmb3JlICImI3gyMjM0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmVjYXVzICImI3gyMjM1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmVjYXVzZSAiJiN4MjIzNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEJlY2F1c2UgIiYjeDIyMzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByYXRpbyAiJiN4MjIzNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIENvbG9uICImI3gyMjM3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUHJvcG9ydGlvbiAiJiN4MjIzNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1pbnVzZCAiJiN4MjIzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRvdG1pbnVzICImI3gyMjM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbUREb3QgIiYjeDIyM0E7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBob210aHQgIiYjeDIyM0I7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzaW0gIiYjeDIyM0M7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBUaWxkZSAiJiN4MjIzQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRoa3NpbSAiJiN4MjIzQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRoaWNrc2ltICImI3gyMjNDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnZzaW0gIiYjeDIyM0M7JiN4MjBEMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJzaW0gIiYjeDIyM0Q7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBiYWNrc2ltICImI3gyMjNEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmFjZSAiJiN4MjIzRDsmI3gzMzE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhYyAiJiN4MjIzRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1zdHBvcyAiJiN4MjIzRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFjRSAiJiN4MjIzRTsmI3gzMzM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhY2QgIiYjeDIyM0Y7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB3cmVhdGggIiYjeDIyNDA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBWZXJ0aWNhbFRpbGRlICImI3gyMjQwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgd3IgIiYjeDIyNDA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuc2ltICImI3gyMjQxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90VGlsZGUgIiYjeDIyNDE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlc2ltICImI3gyMjQyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRXF1YWxUaWxkZSAiJiN4MjI0MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVxc2ltICImI3gyMjQyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90RXF1YWxUaWxkZSAiJiN4MjI0MjsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuZXNpbSAiJiN4MjI0MjsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzaW1lICImI3gyMjQzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVGlsZGVFcXVhbCAiJiN4MjI0MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNpbWVxICImI3gyMjQzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnNpbWUgIiYjeDIyNDQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuc2ltZXEgIiYjeDIyNDQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RUaWxkZUVxdWFsICImI3gyMjQ0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY29uZyAiJiN4MjI0NTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFRpbGRlRnVsbEVxdWFsICImI3gyMjQ1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2ltbmUgIiYjeDIyNDY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuY29uZyAiJiN4MjI0NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdFRpbGRlRnVsbEVxdWFsICImI3gyMjQ3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYXN5bXAgIiYjeDIyNDg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhcCAiJiN4MjI0ODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFRpbGRlVGlsZGUgIiYjeDIyNDg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhcHByb3ggIiYjeDIyNDg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0aGthcCAiJiN4MjI0ODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRoaWNrYXBwcm94ICImI3gyMjQ4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmFwICImI3gyMjQ5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90VGlsZGVUaWxkZSAiJiN4MjI0OTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5hcHByb3ggIiYjeDIyNDk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhcGUgIiYjeDIyNEE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhcHByb3hlcSAiJiN4MjI0QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFwaWQgIiYjeDIyNEI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuYXBpZCAiJiN4MjI0QjsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBiY29uZyAiJiN4MjI0QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJhY2tjb25nICImI3gyMjRDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYXN5bXBlcSAiJiN4MjI0RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEN1cENhcCAiJiN4MjI0RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG52YXAgIiYjeDIyNEQ7JiN4MjBEMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJ1bXAgIiYjeDIyNEU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBIdW1wRG93bkh1bXAgIiYjeDIyNEU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBCdW1wZXEgIiYjeDIyNEU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RIdW1wRG93bkh1bXAgIiYjeDIyNEU7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmJ1bXAgIiYjeDIyNEU7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYnVtcGUgIiYjeDIyNEY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBIdW1wRXF1YWwgIiYjeDIyNEY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBidW1wZXEgIiYjeDIyNEY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuYnVtcGUgIiYjeDIyNEY7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90SHVtcEVxdWFsICImI3gyMjRGOyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVzZG90ICImI3gyMjUwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRG90RXF1YWwgIiYjeDIyNTA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkb3RlcSAiJiN4MjI1MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5lZG90ICImI3gyMjUwOyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVEb3QgIiYjeDIyNTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkb3RlcWRvdCAiJiN4MjI1MTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVmRG90ICImI3gyMjUyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZmFsbGluZ2RvdHNlcSAiJiN4MjI1MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVyRG90ICImI3gyMjUzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmlzaW5nZG90c2VxICImI3gyMjUzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY29sb25lICImI3gyMjU0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY29sb25lcSAiJiN4MjI1NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEFzc2lnbiAiJiN4MjI1NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVjb2xvbiAiJiN4MjI1NTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVxY29sb24gIiYjeDIyNTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlY2lyICImI3gyMjU2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZXFjaXJjICImI3gyMjU2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY2lyZSAiJiN4MjI1NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNpcmNlcSAiJiN4MjI1NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHdlZGdlcSAiJiN4MjI1OTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZlZWVxICImI3gyMjVBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdHJpZSAiJiN4MjI1QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRyaWFuZ2xlcSAiJiN4MjI1QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVxdWVzdCAiJiN4MjI1RjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHF1ZXN0ZXEgIiYjeDIyNUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuZSAiJiN4MjI2MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdEVxdWFsICImI3gyMjYwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZXF1aXYgIiYjeDIyNjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBDb25ncnVlbnQgIiYjeDIyNjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBibmVxdWl2ICImI3gyMjYxOyYjeDIwRTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuZXF1aXYgIiYjeDIyNjI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RDb25ncnVlbnQgIiYjeDIyNjI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZSAiJiN4MjI2NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxlcSAiJiN4MjI2NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG52bGUgIiYjeDIyNjQ7JiN4MjBEMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGdlICImI3gyMjY1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgR3JlYXRlckVxdWFsICImI3gyMjY1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2VxICImI3gyMjY1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnZnZSAiJiN4MjI2NTsmI3gyMEQyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbEUgIiYjeDIyNjY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMZXNzRnVsbEVxdWFsICImI3gyMjY2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGVxcSAiJiN4MjI2NjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5sRSAiJiN4MjI2NjsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBubGVxcSAiJiN4MjI2NjsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBnRSAiJiN4MjI2NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEdyZWF0ZXJGdWxsRXF1YWwgIiYjeDIyNjc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBnZXFxICImI3gyMjY3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmdFICImI3gyMjY3OyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5nZXFxICImI3gyMjY3OyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdEdyZWF0ZXJGdWxsRXF1YWwgIiYjeDIyNjc7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG5FICImI3gyMjY4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG5lcXEgIiYjeDIyNjg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsdm5FICImI3gyMjY4OyYjeEZFMDA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsdmVydG5lcXEgIiYjeDIyNjg7JiN4RkUwMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGduRSAiJiN4MjI2OTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGduZXFxICImI3gyMjY5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ3ZuRSAiJiN4MjI2OTsmI3hGRTAwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ3ZlcnRuZXFxICImI3gyMjY5OyYjeEZFMDA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMdCAiJiN4MjI2QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5lc3RlZExlc3NMZXNzICImI3gyMjZBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGwgIiYjeDIyNkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuTHR2ICImI3gyMjZBOyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdExlc3NMZXNzICImI3gyMjZBOyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5MdCAiJiN4MjI2QTsmI3gyMEQyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgR3QgIiYjeDIyNkI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOZXN0ZWRHcmVhdGVyR3JlYXRlciAiJiN4MjI2QjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGdnICImI3gyMjZCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbkd0diAiJiN4MjI2QjsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RHcmVhdGVyR3JlYXRlciAiJiN4MjI2QjsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuR3QgIiYjeDIyNkI7JiN4MjBEMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHR3aXh0ICImI3gyMjZDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmV0d2VlbiAiJiN4MjI2QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdEN1cENhcCAiJiN4MjI2RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5sdCAiJiN4MjI2RTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdExlc3MgIiYjeDIyNkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBubGVzcyAiJiN4MjI2RTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5ndCAiJiN4MjI2RjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdEdyZWF0ZXIgIiYjeDIyNkY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuZ3RyICImI3gyMjZGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmxlICImI3gyMjcwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90TGVzc0VxdWFsICImI3gyMjcwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmxlcSAiJiN4MjI3MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5nZSAiJiN4MjI3MTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdEdyZWF0ZXJFcXVhbCAiJiN4MjI3MTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5nZXEgIiYjeDIyNzE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsc2ltICImI3gyMjcyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTGVzc1RpbGRlICImI3gyMjcyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGVzc3NpbSAiJiN4MjI3MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGdzaW0gIiYjeDIyNzM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBndHJzaW0gIiYjeDIyNzM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBHcmVhdGVyVGlsZGUgIiYjeDIyNzM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBubHNpbSAiJiN4MjI3NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdExlc3NUaWxkZSAiJiN4MjI3NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5nc2ltICImI3gyMjc1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90R3JlYXRlclRpbGRlICImI3gyMjc1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGcgIiYjeDIyNzY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZXNzZ3RyICImI3gyMjc2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTGVzc0dyZWF0ZXIgIiYjeDIyNzY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBnbCAiJiN4MjI3NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGd0cmxlc3MgIiYjeDIyNzc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBHcmVhdGVyTGVzcyAiJiN4MjI3NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG50bGcgIiYjeDIyNzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RMZXNzR3JlYXRlciAiJiN4MjI3ODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG50Z2wgIiYjeDIyNzk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RHcmVhdGVyTGVzcyAiJiN4MjI3OTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHByICImI3gyMjdBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUHJlY2VkZXMgIiYjeDIyN0E7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwcmVjICImI3gyMjdBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2MgIiYjeDIyN0I7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTdWNjZWVkcyAiJiN4MjI3QjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1Y2MgIiYjeDIyN0I7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwcmN1ZSAiJiN4MjI3QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFByZWNlZGVzU2xhbnRFcXVhbCAiJiN4MjI3QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHByZWNjdXJseWVxICImI3gyMjdDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2NjdWUgIiYjeDIyN0Q7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTdWNjZWVkc1NsYW50RXF1YWwgIiYjeDIyN0Q7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdWNjY3VybHllcSAiJiN4MjI3RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHByc2ltICImI3gyMjdFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcHJlY3NpbSAiJiN4MjI3RTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFByZWNlZGVzVGlsZGUgIiYjeDIyN0U7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzY3NpbSAiJiN4MjI3RjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1Y2NzaW0gIiYjeDIyN0Y7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTdWNjZWVkc1RpbGRlICImI3gyMjdGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90U3VjY2VlZHNUaWxkZSAiJiN4MjI3RjsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBucHIgIiYjeDIyODA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBucHJlYyAiJiN4MjI4MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdFByZWNlZGVzICImI3gyMjgwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnNjICImI3gyMjgxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnN1Y2MgIiYjeDIyODE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RTdWNjZWVkcyAiJiN4MjI4MTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1YiAiJiN4MjI4MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1YnNldCAiJiN4MjI4MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZuc3ViICImI3gyMjgyOyYjeDIwRDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuc3Vic2V0ICImI3gyMjgyOyYjeDIwRDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RTdWJzZXQgIiYjeDIyODI7JiN4MjBEMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1cCAiJiN4MjI4MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1cHNldCAiJiN4MjI4MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFN1cGVyc2V0ICImI3gyMjgzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdm5zdXAgIiYjeDIyODM7JiN4MjBEMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5zdXBzZXQgIiYjeDIyODM7JiN4MjBEMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdFN1cGVyc2V0ICImI3gyMjgzOyYjeDIwRDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuc3ViICImI3gyMjg0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnN1cCAiJiN4MjI4NTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1YmUgIiYjeDIyODY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTdWJzZXRFcXVhbCAiJiN4MjI4NjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1YnNldGVxICImI3gyMjg2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3VwZSAiJiN4MjI4NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1cHNldGVxICImI3gyMjg3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU3VwZXJzZXRFcXVhbCAiJiN4MjI4NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5zdWJlICImI3gyMjg4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnN1YnNldGVxICImI3gyMjg4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90U3Vic2V0RXF1YWwgIiYjeDIyODg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuc3VwZSAiJiN4MjI4OTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5zdXBzZXRlcSAiJiN4MjI4OTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdFN1cGVyc2V0RXF1YWwgIiYjeDIyODk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdWJuZSAiJiN4MjI4QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1YnNldG5lcSAiJiN4MjI4QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZzdWJuZSAiJiN4MjI4QTsmI3hGRTAwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdmFyc3Vic2V0bmVxICImI3gyMjhBOyYjeEZFMDA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdXBuZSAiJiN4MjI4QjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1cHNldG5lcSAiJiN4MjI4QjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZzdXBuZSAiJiN4MjI4QjsmI3hGRTAwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdmFyc3Vwc2V0bmVxICImI3gyMjhCOyYjeEZFMDA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjdXBkb3QgIiYjeDIyOEQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1cGx1cyAiJiN4MjI4RTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVuaW9uUGx1cyAiJiN4MjI4RTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNxc3ViICImI3gyMjhGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU3F1YXJlU3Vic2V0ICImI3gyMjhGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3FzdWJzZXQgIiYjeDIyOEY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RTcXVhcmVTdWJzZXQgIiYjeDIyOEY7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3FzdXAgIiYjeDIyOTA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTcXVhcmVTdXBlcnNldCAiJiN4MjI5MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNxc3Vwc2V0ICImI3gyMjkwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90U3F1YXJlU3VwZXJzZXQgIiYjeDIyOTA7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3FzdWJlICImI3gyMjkxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU3F1YXJlU3Vic2V0RXF1YWwgIiYjeDIyOTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzcXN1YnNldGVxICImI3gyMjkxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3FzdXBlICImI3gyMjkyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU3F1YXJlU3VwZXJzZXRFcXVhbCAiJiN4MjI5MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNxc3Vwc2V0ZXEgIiYjeDIyOTI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzcWNhcCAiJiN4MjI5MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFNxdWFyZUludGVyc2VjdGlvbiAiJiN4MjI5MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNxY2FwcyAiJiN4MjI5MzsmI3hGRTAwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3FjdXAgIiYjeDIyOTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTcXVhcmVVbmlvbiAiJiN4MjI5NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNxY3VwcyAiJiN4MjI5NDsmI3hGRTAwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb3BsdXMgIiYjeDIyOTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBDaXJjbGVQbHVzICImI3gyMjk1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb21pbnVzICImI3gyMjk2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ2lyY2xlTWludXMgIiYjeDIyOTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvdGltZXMgIiYjeDIyOTc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBDaXJjbGVUaW1lcyAiJiN4MjI5NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG9zb2wgIiYjeDIyOTg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvZG90ICImI3gyMjk5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ2lyY2xlRG90ICImI3gyMjk5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb2NpciAiJiN4MjI5QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNpcmNsZWRjaXJjICImI3gyMjlBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb2FzdCAiJiN4MjI5QjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNpcmNsZWRhc3QgIiYjeDIyOUI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvZGFzaCAiJiN4MjI5RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNpcmNsZWRkYXNoICImI3gyMjlEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcGx1c2IgIiYjeDIyOUU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3hwbHVzICImI3gyMjlFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbWludXNiICImI3gyMjlGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94bWludXMgIiYjeDIyOUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0aW1lc2IgIiYjeDIyQTA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3h0aW1lcyAiJiN4MjJBMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNkb3RiICImI3gyMkExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZG90c3F1YXJlICImI3gyMkExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdmRhc2ggIiYjeDIyQTI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSaWdodFRlZSAiJiN4MjJBMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRhc2h2ICImI3gyMkEzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTGVmdFRlZSAiJiN4MjJBMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRvcCAiJiN4MjJBNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERvd25UZWUgIiYjeDIyQTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3R0b20gIiYjeDIyQTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3QgIiYjeDIyQTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwZXJwICImI3gyMkE1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVXBUZWUgIiYjeDIyQTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBtb2RlbHMgIiYjeDIyQTc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB2RGFzaCAiJiN4MjJBODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERvdWJsZVJpZ2h0VGVlICImI3gyMkE4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVmRhc2ggIiYjeDIyQTk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBWdmRhc2ggIiYjeDIyQUE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBWRGFzaCAiJiN4MjJBQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG52ZGFzaCAiJiN4MjJBQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG52RGFzaCAiJiN4MjJBRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5WZGFzaCAiJiN4MjJBRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5WRGFzaCAiJiN4MjJBRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHBydXJlbCAiJiN4MjJCMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZsdHJpICImI3gyMkIyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdmFydHJpYW5nbGVsZWZ0ICImI3gyMkIyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTGVmdFRyaWFuZ2xlICImI3gyMkIyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdnJ0cmkgIiYjeDIyQjM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB2YXJ0cmlhbmdsZXJpZ2h0ICImI3gyMkIzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUmlnaHRUcmlhbmdsZSAiJiN4MjJCMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGx0cmllICImI3gyMkI0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdHJpYW5nbGVsZWZ0ZXEgIiYjeDIyQjQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMZWZ0VHJpYW5nbGVFcXVhbCAiJiN4MjJCNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG52bHRyaWUgIiYjeDIyQjQ7JiN4MjBEMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJ0cmllICImI3gyMkI1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdHJpYW5nbGVyaWdodGVxICImI3gyMkI1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUmlnaHRUcmlhbmdsZUVxdWFsICImI3gyMkI1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnZydHJpZSAiJiN4MjJCNTsmI3gyMEQyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb3JpZ29mICImI3gyMkI2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaW1vZiAiJiN4MjJCNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG11bWFwICImI3gyMkI4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbXVsdGltYXAgIiYjeDIyQjg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBoZXJjb24gIiYjeDIyQjk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpbnRjYWwgIiYjeDIyQkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpbnRlcmNhbCAiJiN4MjJCQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZlZWJhciAiJiN4MjJCQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJhcnZlZSAiJiN4MjJCRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFuZ3J0dmIgIiYjeDIyQkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBscnRyaSAiJiN4MjJCRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHh3ZWRnZSAiJiN4MjJDMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFdlZGdlICImI3gyMkMwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmlnd2VkZ2UgIiYjeDIyQzA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB4dmVlICImI3gyMkMxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVmVlICImI3gyMkMxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmlndmVlICImI3gyMkMxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgeGNhcCAiJiN4MjJDMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEludGVyc2VjdGlvbiAiJiN4MjJDMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJpZ2NhcCAiJiN4MjJDMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHhjdXAgIiYjeDIyQzM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBVbmlvbiAiJiN4MjJDMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJpZ2N1cCAiJiN4MjJDMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRpYW0gIiYjeDIyQzQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkaWFtb25kICImI3gyMkM0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRGlhbW9uZCAiJiN4MjJDNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNkb3QgIiYjeDIyQzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzc3RhcmYgIiYjeDIyQzY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTdGFyICImI3gyMkM2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGl2b254ICImI3gyMkM3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGl2aWRlb250aW1lcyAiJiN4MjJDNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJvd3RpZSAiJiN4MjJDODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGx0aW1lcyAiJiN4MjJDOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJ0aW1lcyAiJiN4MjJDQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGx0aHJlZSAiJiN4MjJDQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxlZnR0aHJlZXRpbWVzICImI3gyMkNCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcnRocmVlICImI3gyMkNDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmlnaHR0aHJlZXRpbWVzICImI3gyMkNDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYnNpbWUgIiYjeDIyQ0Q7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBiYWNrc2ltZXEgIiYjeDIyQ0Q7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjdXZlZSAiJiN4MjJDRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGN1cmx5dmVlICImI3gyMkNFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY3V3ZWQgIiYjeDIyQ0Y7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjdXJseXdlZGdlICImI3gyMkNGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU3ViICImI3gyMkQwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU3Vic2V0ICImI3gyMkQwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU3VwICImI3gyMkQxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU3Vwc2V0ICImI3gyMkQxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ2FwICImI3gyMkQyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ3VwICImI3gyMkQzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZm9yayAiJiN4MjJENDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHBpdGNoZm9yayAiJiN4MjJENDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVwYXIgIiYjeDIyRDU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsdGRvdCAiJiN4MjJENjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxlc3Nkb3QgIiYjeDIyRDY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBndGRvdCAiJiN4MjJENzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGd0cmRvdCAiJiN4MjJENzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExsICImI3gyMkQ4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbkxsICImI3gyMkQ4OyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEdnICImI3gyMkQ5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2dnICImI3gyMkQ5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbkdnICImI3gyMkQ5OyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxlZyAiJiN4MjJEQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExlc3NFcXVhbEdyZWF0ZXIgIiYjeDIyREE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZXNzZXFndHIgIiYjeDIyREE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZXNnICImI3gyMkRBOyYjeEZFMDA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBnZWwgIiYjeDIyREI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBndHJlcWxlc3MgIiYjeDIyREI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBHcmVhdGVyRXF1YWxMZXNzICImI3gyMkRCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2VzbCAiJiN4MjJEQjsmI3hGRTAwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY3VlcHIgIiYjeDIyREU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjdXJseWVxcHJlYyAiJiN4MjJERTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGN1ZXNjICImI3gyMkRGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY3VybHllcXN1Y2MgIiYjeDIyREY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBucHJjdWUgIiYjeDIyRTA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RQcmVjZWRlc1NsYW50RXF1YWwgIiYjeDIyRTA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuc2NjdWUgIiYjeDIyRTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RTdWNjZWVkc1NsYW50RXF1YWwgIiYjeDIyRTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuc3FzdWJlICImI3gyMkUyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90U3F1YXJlU3Vic2V0RXF1YWwgIiYjeDIyRTI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuc3FzdXBlICImI3gyMkUzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90U3F1YXJlU3VwZXJzZXRFcXVhbCAiJiN4MjJFMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxuc2ltICImI3gyMkU2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ25zaW0gIiYjeDIyRTc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwcm5zaW0gIiYjeDIyRTg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwcmVjbnNpbSAiJiN4MjJFODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNjbnNpbSAiJiN4MjJFOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1Y2Nuc2ltICImI3gyMkU5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmx0cmkgIiYjeDIyRUE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBudHJpYW5nbGVsZWZ0ICImI3gyMkVBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90TGVmdFRyaWFuZ2xlICImI3gyMkVBOyI%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%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZHRkb3QgIiYjeDIyRjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkaXNpbiAiJiN4MjJGMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGlzaW5zdiAiJiN4MjJGMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGlzaW5zICImI3gyMkY0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaXNpbmRvdCAiJiN4MjJGNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5vdGluZG90ICImI3gyMkY1OyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5vdGludmMgIiYjeDIyRjY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBub3RpbnZiICImI3gyMkY3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaXNpbkUgIiYjeDIyRjk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBub3RpbkUgIiYjeDIyRjk7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmlzZCAiJiN4MjJGQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHhuaXMgIiYjeDIyRkI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuaXMgIiYjeDIyRkM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBub3RuaXZjICImI3gyMkZEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbm90bml2YiAiJiN4MjJGRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJhcndlZCAiJiN4MjMwNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJhcndlZGdlICImI3gyMzA1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQmFyd2VkICImI3gyMzA2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZG91YmxlYmFyd2VkZ2UgIiYjeDIzMDY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsY2VpbCAiJiN4MjMwODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExlZnRDZWlsaW5nICImI3gyMzA4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmNlaWwgIiYjeDIzMDk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSaWdodENlaWxpbmcgIiYjeDIzMDk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZmxvb3IgIiYjeDIzMEE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMZWZ0Rmxvb3IgIiYjeDIzMEE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByZmxvb3IgIiYjeDIzMEI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSaWdodEZsb29yICImI3gyMzBCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZHJjcm9wICImI3gyMzBDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGxjcm9wICImI3gyMzBEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdXJjcm9wICImI3gyMzBFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdWxjcm9wICImI3gyMzBGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm5vdCAiJiN4MjMxMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHByb2ZsaW5lICImI3gyMzEyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcHJvZnN1cmYgIiYjeDIzMTM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0ZWxyZWMgIiYjeDIzMTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0YXJnZXQgIiYjeDIzMTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1bGNvcm4gIiYjeDIzMUM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1bGNvcm5lciAiJiN4MjMxQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHVyY29ybiAiJiN4MjMxRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHVyY29ybmVyICImI3gyMzFEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGxjb3JuICImI3gyMzFFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGxjb3JuZXIgIiYjeDIzMUU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkcmNvcm4gIiYjeDIzMUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBscmNvcm5lciAiJiN4MjMxRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGZyb3duICImI3gyMzIyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2Zyb3duICImI3gyMzIyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc21pbGUgIiYjeDIzMjM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzc21pbGUgIiYjeDIzMjM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjeWxjdHkgIiYjeDIzMkQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwcm9mYWxhciAiJiN4MjMyRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRvcGJvdCAiJiN4MjMzNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG92YmFyICImI3gyMzNEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc29sYmFyICImI3gyMzNGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYW5nemFyciAiJiN4MjM3QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxtb3VzdCAiJiN4MjNCMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxtb3VzdGFjaGUgIiYjeDIzQjA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBybW91c3QgIiYjeDIzQjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBybW91c3RhY2hlICImI3gyM0IxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdGJyayAiJiN4MjNCNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE92ZXJCcmFja2V0ICImI3gyM0I0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmJyayAiJiN4MjNCNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVuZGVyQnJhY2tldCAiJiN4MjNCNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJicmt0YnJrICImI3gyM0I2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgT3ZlclBhcmVudGhlc2lzICImI3gyM0RDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVW5kZXJQYXJlbnRoZXNpcyAiJiN4MjNERDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE92ZXJCcmFjZSAiJiN4MjNERTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVuZGVyQnJhY2UgIiYjeDIzREY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0cnBleml1bSAiJiN4MjNFMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVsaW50ZXJzICImI3gyM0U3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmxhbmsgIiYjeDI0MjM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvUyAiJiN4MjRDODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNpcmNsZWRTICImI3gyNEM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94aCAiJiN4MjUwMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEhvcml6b250YWxMaW5lICImI3gyNTAwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94diAiJiN4MjUwMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveGRyICImI3gyNTBDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94ZGwgIiYjeDI1MTA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3h1ciAiJiN4MjUxNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveHVsICImI3gyNTE4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94dnIgIiYjeDI1MUM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3h2bCAiJiN4MjUyNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveGhkICImI3gyNTJDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94aHUgIiYjeDI1MzQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3h2aCAiJiN4MjUzQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveEggIiYjeDI1NTA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3hWICImI3gyNTUxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94ZFIgIiYjeDI1NTI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3hEciAiJiN4MjU1MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveERSICImI3gyNTU0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94ZEwgIiYjeDI1NTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3hEbCAiJiN4MjU1NjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveERMICImI3gyNTU3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94dVIgIiYjeDI1NTg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3hVciAiJiN4MjU1OTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveFVSICImI3gyNTVBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94dUwgIiYjeDI1NUI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3hVbCAiJiN4MjU1QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveFVMICImI3gyNTVEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94dlIgIiYjeDI1NUU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3hWciAiJiN4MjU1RjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveFZSICImI3gyNTYwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94dkwgIiYjeDI1NjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3hWbCAiJiN4MjU2MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveFZMICImI3gyNTYzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94SGQgIiYjeDI1NjQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3hoRCAiJiN4MjU2NTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveEhEICImI3gyNTY2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94SHUgIiYjeDI1Njc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3hoVSAiJiN4MjU2ODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveEhVICImI3gyNTY5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm94dkggIiYjeDI1NkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBib3hWaCAiJiN4MjU2QjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveFZIICImI3gyNTZDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdWhibGsgIiYjeDI1ODA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsaGJsayAiJiN4MjU4NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJsb2NrICImI3gyNTg4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmxrMTQgIiYjeDI1OTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBibGsxMiAiJiN4MjU5MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJsazM0ICImI3gyNTkzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3F1ICImI3gyNUExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3F1YXJlICImI3gyNUExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU3F1YXJlICImI3gyNUExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3F1ZiAiJiN4MjVBQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNxdWFyZiAiJiN4MjVBQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJsYWNrc3F1YXJlICImI3gyNUFBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRmlsbGVkVmVyeVNtYWxsU3F1YXJlICImI3gyNUFBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRW1wdHlWZXJ5U21hbGxTcXVhcmUgIiYjeDI1QUI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByZWN0ICImI3gyNUFEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbWFya2VyICImI3gyNUFFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZmx0bnMgIiYjeDI1QjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB4dXRyaSAiJiN4MjVCMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJpZ3RyaWFuZ2xldXAgIiYjeDI1QjM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1dHJpZiAiJiN4MjVCNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJsYWNrdHJpYW5nbGUgIiYjeDI1QjQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1dHJpICImI3gyNUI1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdHJpYW5nbGUgIiYjeDI1QjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBydHJpZiAiJiN4MjVCODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJsYWNrdHJpYW5nbGVyaWdodCAiJiN4MjVCODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJ0cmkgIiYjeDI1Qjk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0cmlhbmdsZXJpZ2h0ICImI3gyNUI5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgeGR0cmkgIiYjeDI1QkQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBiaWd0cmlhbmdsZWRvd24gIiYjeDI1QkQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkdHJpZiAiJiN4MjVCRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJsYWNrdHJpYW5nbGVkb3duICImI3gyNUJFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZHRyaSAiJiN4MjVCRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRyaWFuZ2xlZG93biAiJiN4MjVCRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGx0cmlmICImI3gyNUMyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmxhY2t0cmlhbmdsZWxlZnQgIiYjeDI1QzI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsdHJpICImI3gyNUMzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdHJpYW5nbGVsZWZ0ICImI3gyNUMzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG96ICImI3gyNUNBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG96ZW5nZSAiJiN4MjVDQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNpciAiJiN4MjVDQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRyaWRvdCAiJiN4MjVFQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHhjaXJjICImI3gyNUVGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmlnY2lyYyAiJiN4MjVFRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHVsdHJpICImI3gyNUY4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdXJ0cmkgIiYjeDI1Rjk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsbHRyaSAiJiN4MjVGQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEVtcHR5U21hbGxTcXVhcmUgIiYjeDI1RkI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBGaWxsZWRTbWFsbFNxdWFyZSAiJiN4MjVGQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN0YXJmICImI3gyNjA1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmlnc3RhciAiJiN4MjYwNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN0YXIgIiYjeDI2MDY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwaG9uZSAiJiN4MjYwRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGZlbWFsZSAiJiN4MjY0MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1hbGUgIiYjeDI2NDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzcGFkZXMgIiYjeDI2NjA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzcGFkZXN1aXQgIiYjeDI2NjA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjbHVicyAiJiN4MjY2MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNsdWJzdWl0ICImI3gyNjYzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaGVhcnRzICImI3gyNjY1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaGVhcnRzdWl0ICImI3gyNjY1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGlhbXMgIiYjeDI2NjY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkaWFtb25kc3VpdCAiJiN4MjY2NjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1bmcgIiYjeDI2NkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBmbGF0ICImI3gyNjZEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmF0dXIgIiYjeDI2NkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuYXR1cmFsICImI3gyNjZFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2hhcnAgIiYjeDI2NkY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjaGVjayAiJiN4MjcxMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNoZWNrbWFyayAiJiN4MjcxMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNyb3NzICImI3gyNzE3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbWFsdCAiJiN4MjcyMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1hbHRlc2UgIiYjeDI3MjA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzZXh0ICImI3gyNzM2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVmVydGljYWxTZXBhcmF0b3IgIiYjeDI3NTg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsYmJyayAiJiN4Mjc3MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJiYnJrICImI3gyNzczOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYnNvbGhzdWIgIiYjeDI3Qzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdXBoc29sICImI3gyN0M5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG9icmsgIiYjeDI3RTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMZWZ0RG91YmxlQnJhY2tldCAiJiN4MjdFNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJvYnJrICImI3gyN0U3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUmlnaHREb3VibGVCcmFja2V0ICImI3gyN0U3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGFuZyAiJiN4MjdFODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExlZnRBbmdsZUJyYWNrZXQgIiYjeDI3RTg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsYW5nbGUgIiYjeDI3RTg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByYW5nICImI3gyN0U5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUmlnaHRBbmdsZUJyYWNrZXQgIiYjeDI3RTk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByYW5nbGUgIiYjeDI3RTk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMYW5nICImI3gyN0VBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUmFuZyAiJiN4MjdFQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxvYW5nICImI3gyN0VDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcm9hbmcgIiYjeDI3RUQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB4bGFyciAiJiN4MjdGNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxvbmdsZWZ0YXJyb3cgIiYjeDI3RjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMb25nTGVmdEFycm93ICImI3gyN0Y1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgeHJhcnIgIiYjeDI3RjY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsb25ncmlnaHRhcnJvdyAiJiN4MjdGNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExvbmdSaWdodEFycm93ICImI3gyN0Y2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgeGhhcnIgIiYjeDI3Rjc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsb25nbGVmdHJpZ2h0YXJyb3cgIiYjeDI3Rjc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMb25nTGVmdFJpZ2h0QXJyb3cgIiYjeDI3Rjc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB4bEFyciAiJiN4MjdGODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExvbmdsZWZ0YXJyb3cgIiYjeDI3Rjg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEb3VibGVMb25nTGVmdEFycm93ICImI3gyN0Y4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgeHJBcnIgIiYjeDI3Rjk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMb25ncmlnaHRhcnJvdyAiJiN4MjdGOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERvdWJsZUxvbmdSaWdodEFycm93ICImI3gyN0Y5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgeGhBcnIgIiYjeDI3RkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMb25nbGVmdHJpZ2h0YXJyb3cgIiYjeDI3RkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEb3VibGVMb25nTGVmdFJpZ2h0QXJyb3cgIiYjeDI3RkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB4bWFwICImI3gyN0ZDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG9uZ21hcHN0byAiJiN4MjdGQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGR6aWdyYXJyICImI3gyN0ZGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnZsQXJyICImI3gyOTAyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnZyQXJyICImI3gyOTAzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnZIYXJyICImI3gyOTA0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTWFwICImI3gyOTA1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGJhcnIgIiYjeDI5MEM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByYmFyciAiJiN4MjkwRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJrYXJvdyAiJiN4MjkwRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxCYXJyICImI3gyOTBFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgckJhcnIgIiYjeDI5MEY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkYmthcm93ICImI3gyOTBGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUkJhcnIgIiYjeDI5MTA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkcmJrYXJvdyAiJiN4MjkxMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEREb3RyYWhkICImI3gyOTExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVXBBcnJvd0JhciAiJiN4MjkxMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIERvd25BcnJvd0JhciAiJiN4MjkxMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFJhcnJ0bCAiJiN4MjkxNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxhdGFpbCAiJiN4MjkxOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJhdGFpbCAiJiN4MjkxQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxBdGFpbCAiJiN4MjkxQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJBdGFpbCAiJiN4MjkxQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxhcnJmcyAiJiN4MjkxRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJhcnJmcyAiJiN4MjkxRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxhcnJiZnMgIiYjeDI5MUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByYXJyYmZzICImI3gyOTIwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbndhcmhrICImI3gyOTIzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmVhcmhrICImI3gyOTI0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2VhcmhrICImI3gyOTI1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaGtzZWFyb3cgIiYjeDI5MjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzd2FyaGsgIiYjeDI5MjY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBoa3N3YXJvdyAiJiN4MjkyNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG53bmVhciAiJiN4MjkyNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5lc2VhciAiJiN4MjkyODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRvZWEgIiYjeDI5Mjg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzZXN3YXIgIiYjeDI5Mjk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0b3NhICImI3gyOTI5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3dud2FyICImI3gyOTJBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmFycmMgIiYjeDI5MzM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBucmFycmMgIiYjeDI5MzM7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY3VkYXJyciAiJiN4MjkzNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxkY2EgIiYjeDI5MzY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByZGNhICImI3gyOTM3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY3VkYXJybCAiJiN4MjkzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxhcnJwbCAiJiN4MjkzOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGN1cmFycm0gIiYjeDI5M0M7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjdWxhcnJwICImI3gyOTNEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmFycnBsICImI3gyOTQ1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaGFycmNpciAiJiN4Mjk0ODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVhcnJvY2lyICImI3gyOTQ5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbHVyZHNoYXIgIiYjeDI5NEE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZHJ1c2hhciAiJiN4Mjk0QjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExlZnRSaWdodFZlY3RvciAiJiN4Mjk0RTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFJpZ2h0VXBEb3duVmVjdG9yICImI3gyOTRGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRG93bkxlZnRSaWdodFZlY3RvciAiJiN4Mjk1MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExlZnRVcERvd25WZWN0b3IgIiYjeDI5NTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMZWZ0VmVjdG9yQmFyICImI3gyOTUyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUmlnaHRWZWN0b3JCYXIgIiYjeDI5NTM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBSaWdodFVwVmVjdG9yQmFyICImI3gyOTU0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUmlnaHREb3duVmVjdG9yQmFyICImI3gyOTU1OyI%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%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbEhhciAiJiN4Mjk2MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHVIYXIgIiYjeDI5NjM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBySGFyICImI3gyOTY0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZEhhciAiJiN4Mjk2NTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGx1cnVoYXIgIiYjeDI5NjY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZHJkaGFyICImI3gyOTY3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcnVsdWhhciAiJiN4Mjk2ODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJkbGRoYXIgIiYjeDI5Njk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsaGFydWwgIiYjeDI5NkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsbGhhcmQgIiYjeDI5NkI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByaGFydWwgIiYjeDI5NkM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBscmhhcmQgIiYjeDI5NkQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1ZGhhciAiJiN4Mjk2RTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVwRXF1aWxpYnJpdW0gIiYjeDI5NkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkdWhhciAiJiN4Mjk2RjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFJldmVyc2VVcEVxdWlsaWJyaXVtICImI3gyOTZGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUm91bmRJbXBsaWVzICImI3gyOTcwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZXJhcnIgIiYjeDI5NzE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzaW1yYXJyICImI3gyOTcyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGFycnNpbSAiJiN4Mjk3MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJhcnJzaW0gIiYjeDI5NzQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByYXJyYXAgIiYjeDI5NzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsdGxhcnIgIiYjeDI5NzY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBndHJhcnIgIiYjeDI5Nzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdWJyYXJyICImI3gyOTc5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3VwbGFyciAiJiN4Mjk3QjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxmaXNodCAiJiN4Mjk3QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJmaXNodCAiJiN4Mjk3RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHVmaXNodCAiJiN4Mjk3RTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRmaXNodCAiJiN4Mjk3RjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxvcGFyICImI3gyOTg1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcm9wYXIgIiYjeDI5ODY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsYnJrZSAiJiN4Mjk4QjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJicmtlICImI3gyOThDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGJya3NsdSAiJiN4Mjk4RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJicmtzbGQgIiYjeDI5OEU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsYnJrc2xkICImI3gyOThGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmJya3NsdSAiJiN4Mjk5MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxhbmdkICImI3gyOTkxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmFuZ2QgIiYjeDI5OTI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBscGFybHQgIiYjeDI5OTM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBycGFyZ3QgIiYjeDI5OTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBndGxQYXIgIiYjeDI5OTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsdHJQYXIgIiYjeDI5OTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB2emlnemFnICImI3gyOTlBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdmFuZ3J0ICImI3gyOTlDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYW5ncnR2YmQgIiYjeDI5OUQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhbmdlICImI3gyOUE0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcmFuZ2UgIiYjeDI5QTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkd2FuZ2xlICImI3gyOUE2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdXdhbmdsZSAiJiN4MjlBNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFuZ21zZGFhICImI3gyOUE4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYW5nbXNkYWIgIiYjeDI5QTk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhbmdtc2RhYyAiJiN4MjlBQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFuZ21zZGFkICImI3gyOUFCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYW5nbXNkYWUgIiYjeDI5QUM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhbmdtc2RhZiAiJiN4MjlBRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFuZ21zZGFnICImI3gyOUFFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYW5nbXNkYWggIiYjeDI5QUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBiZW1wdHl2ICImI3gyOUIwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGVtcHR5diAiJiN4MjlCMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNlbXB0eXYgIiYjeDI5QjI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByYWVtcHR5diAiJiN4MjlCMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxhZW1wdHl2ICImI3gyOUI0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb2hiYXIgIiYjeDI5QjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvbWlkICImI3gyOUI2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb3BhciAiJiN4MjlCNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG9wZXJwICImI3gyOUI5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb2xjcm9zcyAiJiN4MjlCQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG9kc29sZCAiJiN4MjlCQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG9sY2lyICImI3gyOUJFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb2ZjaXIgIiYjeDI5QkY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvbHQgIiYjeDI5QzA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvZ3QgIiYjeDI5QzE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjaXJzY2lyICImI3gyOUMyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY2lyRSAiJiN4MjlDMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNvbGIgIiYjeDI5QzQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBic29sYiAiJiN4MjlDNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJveGJveCAiJiN4MjlDOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRyaXNiICImI3gyOUNEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcnRyaWx0cmkgIiYjeDI5Q0U7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMZWZ0VHJpYW5nbGVCYXIgIiYjeDI5Q0Y7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RMZWZ0VHJpYW5nbGVCYXIgIiYjeDI5Q0Y7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUmlnaHRUcmlhbmdsZUJhciAiJiN4MjlEMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdFJpZ2h0VHJpYW5nbGVCYXIgIiYjeDI5RDA7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaWluZmluICImI3gyOURDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaW5maW50aWUgIiYjeDI5REQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBudmluZmluICImI3gyOURFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZXBhcnNsICImI3gyOUUzOyI%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%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgeHNxY3VwICImI3gyQTA2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYmlnc3FjdXAgIiYjeDJBMDY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBxaW50ICImI3gyQTBDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaWlpaW50ICImI3gyQTBDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZnBhcnRpbnQgIiYjeDJBMEQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjaXJmbmludCAiJiN4MkExMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGF3aW50ICImI3gyQTExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcnBwb2xpbnQgIiYjeDJBMTI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzY3BvbGludCAiJiN4MkExMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5wb2xpbnQgIiYjeDJBMTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwb2ludGludCAiJiN4MkExNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHF1YXRpbnQgIiYjeDJBMTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpbnRsYXJoayAiJiN4MkExNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHBsdXNjaXIgIiYjeDJBMjI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwbHVzYWNpciAiJiN4MkEyMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNpbXBsdXMgIiYjeDJBMjQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwbHVzZHUgIiYjeDJBMjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwbHVzc2ltICImI3gyQTI2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcGx1c3R3byAiJiN4MkEyNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1jb21tYSAiJiN4MkEyOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1pbnVzZHUgIiYjeDJBMkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsb3BsdXMgIiYjeDJBMkQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByb3BsdXMgIiYjeDJBMkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBDcm9zcyAiJiN4MkEyRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRpbWVzZCAiJiN4MkEzMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRpbWVzYmFyICImI3gyQTMxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc21hc2hwICImI3gyQTMzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG90aW1lcyAiJiN4MkEzNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHJvdGltZXMgIiYjeDJBMzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvdGltZXNhcyAiJiN4MkEzNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE90aW1lcyAiJiN4MkEzNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG9kaXYgIiYjeDJBMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0cmlwbHVzICImI3gyQTM5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdHJpbWludXMgIiYjeDJBM0E7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0cml0aW1lICImI3gyQTNCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaXByb2QgIiYjeDJBM0M7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpbnRwcm9kICImI3gyQTNDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYW1hbGcgIiYjeDJBM0Y7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjYXBkb3QgIiYjeDJBNDA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuY3VwICImI3gyQTQyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmNhcCAiJiN4MkE0MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNhcGFuZCAiJiN4MkE0NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGN1cG9yICImI3gyQTQ1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY3VwY2FwICImI3gyQTQ2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY2FwY3VwICImI3gyQTQ3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY3VwYnJjYXAgIiYjeDJBNDg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjYXBicmN1cCAiJiN4MkE0OTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGN1cGN1cCAiJiN4MkE0QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNhcGNhcCAiJiN4MkE0QjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNjdXBzICImI3gyQTRDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY2NhcHMgIiYjeDJBNEQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjY3Vwc3NtICImI3gyQTUwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQW5kICImI3gyQTUzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgT3IgIiYjeDJBNTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhbmRhbmQgIiYjeDJBNTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvcm9yICImI3gyQTU2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgb3JzbG9wZSAiJiN4MkE1NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFuZHNsb3BlICImI3gyQTU4OyI%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%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcGx1c2UgIiYjeDJBNzI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBFc2ltICImI3gyQTczOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQ29sb25lICImI3gyQTc0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRXF1YWwgIiYjeDJBNzU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlRERvdCAiJiN4MkE3NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRkb3RzZXEgIiYjeDJBNzc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlcXVpdkREICImI3gyQTc4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbHRjaXIgIiYjeDJBNzk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBndGNpciAiJiN4MkE3QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGx0cXVlc3QgIiYjeDJBN0I7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBndHF1ZXN0ICImI3gyQTdDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGVzICImI3gyQTdEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTGVzc1NsYW50RXF1YWwgIiYjeDJBN0Q7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZXFzbGFudCAiJiN4MkE3RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5sZXMgIiYjeDJBN0Q7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90TGVzc1NsYW50RXF1YWwgIiYjeDJBN0Q7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbmxlcXNsYW50ICImI3gyQTdEOyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGdlcyAiJiN4MkE3RTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEdyZWF0ZXJTbGFudEVxdWFsICImI3gyQTdFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2Vxc2xhbnQgIiYjeDJBN0U7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuZ2VzICImI3gyQTdFOyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdEdyZWF0ZXJTbGFudEVxdWFsICImI3gyQTdFOyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5nZXFzbGFudCAiJiN4MkE3RTsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZXNkb3QgIiYjeDJBN0Y7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBnZXNkb3QgIiYjeDJBODA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZXNkb3RvICImI3gyQTgxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2VzZG90byAiJiN4MkE4MjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxlc2RvdG9yICImI3gyQTgzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2VzZG90b2wgIiYjeDJBODQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsYXAgIiYjeDJBODU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZXNzYXBwcm94ICImI3gyQTg1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2FwICImI3gyQTg2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ3RyYXBwcm94ICImI3gyQTg2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG5lICImI3gyQTg3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG5lcSAiJiN4MkE4NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGduZSAiJiN4MkE4ODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGduZXEgIiYjeDJBODg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsbmFwICImI3gyQTg5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbG5hcHByb3ggIiYjeDJBODk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBnbmFwICImI3gyQThBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ25hcHByb3ggIiYjeDJBOEE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsRWcgIiYjeDJBOEI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZXNzZXFxZ3RyICImI3gyQThCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ0VsICImI3gyQThDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ3RyZXFxbGVzcyAiJiN4MkE4QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxzaW1lICImI3gyQThEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ3NpbWUgIiYjeDJBOEU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsc2ltZyAiJiN4MkE4RjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGdzaW1sICImI3gyQTkwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGdFICImI3gyQTkxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2xFICImI3gyQTkyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbGVzZ2VzICImI3gyQTkzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2VzbGVzICImI3gyQTk0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZWxzICImI3gyQTk1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZXFzbGFudGxlc3MgIiYjeDJBOTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlZ3MgIiYjeDJBOTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlcXNsYW50Z3RyICImI3gyQTk2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZWxzZG90ICImI3gyQTk3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZWdzZG90ICImI3gyQTk4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZWwgIiYjeDJBOTk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBlZyAiJiN4MkE5QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNpbWwgIiYjeDJBOUQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzaW1nICImI3gyQTlFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2ltbEUgIiYjeDJBOUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzaW1nRSAiJiN4MkFBMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIExlc3NMZXNzICImI3gyQUExOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTm90TmVzdGVkTGVzc0xlc3MgIiYjeDJBQTE7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgR3JlYXRlckdyZWF0ZXIgIiYjeDJBQTI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3ROZXN0ZWRHcmVhdGVyR3JlYXRlciAiJiN4MkFBMjsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBnbGogIiYjeDJBQTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBnbGEgIiYjeDJBQTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsdGNjICImI3gyQUE2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ3RjYyAiJiN4MkFBNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxlc2NjICImI3gyQUE4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2VzY2MgIiYjeDJBQTk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzbXQgIiYjeDJBQUE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsYXQgIiYjeDJBQUI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzbXRlICImI3gyQUFDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc210ZXMgIiYjeDJBQUM7JiN4RkUwMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGxhdGUgIiYjeDJBQUQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsYXRlcyAiJiN4MkFBRDsmI3hGRTAwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYnVtcEUgIiYjeDJBQUU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwcmUgIiYjeDJBQUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwcmVjZXEgIiYjeDJBQUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBQcmVjZWRlc0VxdWFsICImI3gyQUFGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnByZSAiJiN4MkFBRjsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBucHJlY2VxICImI3gyQUFGOyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5vdFByZWNlZGVzRXF1YWwgIiYjeDJBQUY7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2NlICImI3gyQUIwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3VjY2VxICImI3gyQUIwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU3VjY2VlZHNFcXVhbCAiJiN4MkFCMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5zY2UgIiYjeDJBQjA7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnN1Y2NlcSAiJiN4MkFCMDsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3RTdWNjZWVkc0VxdWFsICImI3gyQUIwOyYjeDMzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHByRSAiJiN4MkFCMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNjRSAiJiN4MkFCNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHBybkUgIiYjeDJBQjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwcmVjbmVxcSAiJiN4MkFCNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNjbkUgIiYjeDJBQjY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdWNjbmVxcSAiJiN4MkFCNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHByYXAgIiYjeDJBQjc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwcmVjYXBwcm94ICImI3gyQUI3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2NhcCAiJiN4MkFCODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1Y2NhcHByb3ggIiYjeDJBQjg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwcm5hcCAiJiN4MkFCOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHByZWNuYXBwcm94ICImI3gyQUI5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2NuYXAgIiYjeDJBQkE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdWNjbmFwcHJveCAiJiN4MkFCQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFByICImI3gyQUJCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgU2MgIiYjeDJBQkM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdWJkb3QgIiYjeDJBQkQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdXBkb3QgIiYjeDJBQkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdWJwbHVzICImI3gyQUJGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3VwcGx1cyAiJiN4MkFDMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1Ym11bHQgIiYjeDJBQzE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdXBtdWx0ICImI3gyQUMyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3ViZWRvdCAiJiN4MkFDMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1cGVkb3QgIiYjeDJBQzQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdWJFICImI3gyQUM1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3Vic2V0ZXFxICImI3gyQUM1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnN1YkUgIiYjeDJBQzU7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnN1YnNldGVxcSAiJiN4MkFDNTsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdXBFICImI3gyQUM2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3Vwc2V0ZXFxICImI3gyQUM2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnN1cEUgIiYjeDJBQzY7JiN4MzM4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnN1cHNldGVxcSAiJiN4MkFDNjsmI3gzMzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdWJzaW0gIiYjeDJBQzc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdXBzaW0gIiYjeDJBQzg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzdWJuRSAiJiN4MkFDQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1YnNldG5lcXEgIiYjeDJBQ0I7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB2c3VibkUgIiYjeDJBQ0I7JiN4RkUwMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZhcnN1YnNldG5lcXEgIiYjeDJBQ0I7JiN4RkUwMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1cG5FICImI3gyQUNDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3Vwc2V0bmVxcSAiJiN4MkFDQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZzdXBuRSAiJiN4MkFDQzsmI3hGRTAwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdmFyc3Vwc2V0bmVxcSAiJiN4MkFDQzsmI3hGRTAwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY3N1YiAiJiN4MkFDRjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNzdXAgIiYjeDJBRDA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjc3ViZSAiJiN4MkFEMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGNzdXBlICImI3gyQUQyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3Vic3VwICImI3gyQUQzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3Vwc3ViICImI3gyQUQ0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3Vic3ViICImI3gyQUQ1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3Vwc3VwICImI3gyQUQ2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc3VwaHN1YiAiJiN4MkFENzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHN1cGRzdWIgIiYjeDJBRDg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBmb3JrdiAiJiN4MkFEOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRvcGZvcmsgIiYjeDJBREE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBtbGNwICImI3gyQURCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRGFzaHYgIiYjeDJBRTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEb3VibGVMZWZ0VGVlICImI3gyQUU0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVmRhc2hsICImI3gyQUU2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQmFydiAiJiN4MkFFNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZCYXIgIiYjeDJBRTg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB2QmFydiAiJiN4MkFFOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFZiYXIgIiYjeDJBRUI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOb3QgIiYjeDJBRUM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBiTm90ICImI3gyQUVEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcm5taWQgIiYjeDJBRUU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjaXJtaWQgIiYjeDJBRUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBtaWRjaXIgIiYjeDJBRjA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB0b3BjaXIgIiYjeDJBRjE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBuaHBhciAiJiN4MkFGMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHBhcnNpbSAiJiN4MkFGMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHBhcnNsICImI3gyQUZEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnBhcnNsICImI3gyQUZEOyYjeDIwRTU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBmZmxpZyAiJiN4RkIwMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGZpbGlnICImI3hGQjAxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZmxsaWcgIiYjeEZCMDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBmZmlsaWcgIiYjeEZCMDM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBmZmxsaWcgIiYjeEZCMDQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBBc2NyICImI3gxRDQ5QzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIENzY3IgIiYjeDFENDlFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRHNjciAiJiN4MUQ0OUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBHc2NyICImI3gxRDRBMjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEpzY3IgIiYjeDFENEE1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgS3NjciAiJiN4MUQ0QTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBOc2NyICImI3gxRDRBOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE9zY3IgIiYjeDFENEFBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUHNjciAiJiN4MUQ0QUI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBRc2NyICImI3gxRDRBQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFNzY3IgIiYjeDFENEFFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVHNjciAiJiN4MUQ0QUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBVc2NyICImI3gxRDRCMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFZzY3IgIiYjeDFENEIxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgV3NjciAiJiN4MUQ0QjI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBYc2NyICImI3gxRDRCMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFlzY3IgIiYjeDFENEI0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgWnNjciAiJiN4MUQ0QjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBhc2NyICImI3gxRDRCNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJzY3IgIiYjeDFENEI3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgY3NjciAiJiN4MUQ0Qjg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBkc2NyICImI3gxRDRCOTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGZzY3IgIiYjeDFENEJCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaHNjciAiJiN4MUQ0QkQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpc2NyICImI3gxRDRCRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGpzY3IgIiYjeDFENEJGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkga3NjciAiJiN4MUQ0QzA7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsc2NyICImI3gxRDRDMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1zY3IgIiYjeDFENEMyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbnNjciAiJiN4MUQ0QzM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBwc2NyICImI3gxRDRDNTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHFzY3IgIiYjeDFENEM2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcnNjciAiJiN4MUQ0Qzc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBzc2NyICImI3gxRDRDODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRzY3IgIiYjeDFENEM5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdXNjciAiJiN4MUQ0Q0E7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB2c2NyICImI3gxRDRDQjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHdzY3IgIiYjeDFENENDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgeHNjciAiJiN4MUQ0Q0Q7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB5c2NyICImI3gxRDRDRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHpzY3IgIiYjeDFENENGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgQWZyICImI3gxRDUwNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEJmciAiJiN4MUQ1MDU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBEZnIgIiYjeDFENTA3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRWZyICImI3gxRDUwODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEZmciAiJiN4MUQ1MDk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBHZnIgIiYjeDFENTBBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgSmZyICImI3gxRDUwRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEtmciAiJiN4MUQ1MEU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMZnIgIiYjeDFENTBGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgTWZyICImI3gxRDUxMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE5mciAiJiN4MUQ1MTE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBPZnIgIiYjeDFENTEyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgUGZyICImI3gxRDUxMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFFmciAiJiN4MUQ1MTQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTZnIgIiYjeDFENTE2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVGZyICImI3gxRDUxNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFVmciAiJiN4MUQ1MTg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBWZnIgIiYjeDFENTE5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgV2ZyICImI3gxRDUxQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFhmciAiJiN4MUQ1MUI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBZZnIgIiYjeDFENTFDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYWZyICImI3gxRDUxRTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGJmciAiJiN4MUQ1MUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjZnIgIiYjeDFENTIwOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZGZyICImI3gxRDUyMTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGVmciAiJiN4MUQ1MjI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBmZnIgIiYjeDFENTIzOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZ2ZyICImI3gxRDUyNDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGhmciAiJiN4MUQ1MjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpZnIgIiYjeDFENTI2OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgamZyICImI3gxRDUyNzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGtmciAiJiN4MUQ1Mjg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsZnIgIiYjeDFENTI5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbWZyICImI3gxRDUyQTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG5mciAiJiN4MUQ1MkI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvZnIgIiYjeDFENTJDOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcGZyICImI3gxRDUyRDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHFmciAiJiN4MUQ1MkU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByZnIgIiYjeDFENTJGOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgc2ZyICImI3gxRDUzMDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHRmciAiJiN4MUQ1MzE7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1ZnIgIiYjeDFENTMyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdmZyICImI3gxRDUzMzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHdmciAiJiN4MUQ1MzQ7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB4ZnIgIiYjeDFENTM1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgeWZyICImI3gxRDUzNjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHpmciAiJiN4MUQ1Mzc7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBBb3BmICImI3gxRDUzODsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEJvcGYgIiYjeDFENTM5OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgRG9wZiAiJiN4MUQ1M0I7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBFb3BmICImI3gxRDUzQzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEZvcGYgIiYjeDFENTNEOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgR29wZiAiJiN4MUQ1M0U7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBJb3BmICImI3gxRDU0MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIEpvcGYgIiYjeDFENTQxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgS29wZiAiJiN4MUQ1NDI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBMb3BmICImI3gxRDU0MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIE1vcGYgIiYjeDFENTQ0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgT29wZiAiJiN4MUQ1NDY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBTb3BmICImI3gxRDU0QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFRvcGYgIiYjeDFENTRCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgVW9wZiAiJiN4MUQ1NEM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBWb3BmICImI3gxRDU0RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIFdvcGYgIiYjeDFENTRFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgWG9wZiAiJiN4MUQ1NEY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBZb3BmICImI3gxRDU1MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGFvcGYgIiYjeDFENTUyOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgYm9wZiAiJiN4MUQ1NTM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBjb3BmICImI3gxRDU1NDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGRvcGYgIiYjeDFENTU1OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgZW9wZiAiJiN4MUQ1NTY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBmb3BmICImI3gxRDU1NzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGdvcGYgIiYjeDFENTU4OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgaG9wZiAiJiN4MUQ1NTk7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBpb3BmICImI3gxRDU1QTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIGpvcGYgIiYjeDFENTVCOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkga29wZiAiJiN4MUQ1NUM7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBsb3BmICImI3gxRDU1RDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIG1vcGYgIiYjeDFENTVFOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgbm9wZiAiJiN4MUQ1NUY7Ij48IUVOVElUWSBvb3BmICImI3gxRDU2MDsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHBvcGYgIiYjeDFENTYxOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgcW9wZiAiJiN4MUQ1NjI7Ij48IUVOVElUWSByb3BmICImI3gxRDU2MzsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHNvcGYgIiYjeDFENTY0OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgdG9wZiAiJiN4MUQ1NjU7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB1b3BmICImI3gxRDU2NjsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHZvcGYgIiYjeDFENTY3OyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgd29wZiAiJiN4MUQ1Njg7Ij48IUVOVElUWSB4b3BmICImI3gxRDU2OTsiPjwhRU5USVRZIHlvcGYgIiYjeDFENTZBOyI%2BPCFFTlRJVFkgem9wZiAiJiN4MUQ1NkI7Ij4%3D>the URL given by this link</a>. (This
+ URL is a DTD containing the <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#sec-entity-decl>entity
+ declarations</a> for the names listed in the <a href=#named-character-references>named character references</a> section.) <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;XHTML&nbsp;1.0&nbsp;Transitional//EN</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;XHTML&nbsp;1.1//EN</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;XHTML&nbsp;1.0&nbsp;Strict//EN</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;XHTML&nbsp;1.0&nbsp;Frameset//EN</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;XHTML&nbsp;Basic&nbsp;1.0//EN</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;XHTML&nbsp;1.1&nbsp;plus&nbsp;MathML&nbsp;2.0//EN</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;XHTML&nbsp;1.1&nbsp;plus&nbsp;MathML&nbsp;2.0&nbsp;plus&nbsp;SVG&nbsp;1.1//EN</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">-//W3C//DTD&nbsp;MathML&nbsp;2.0//EN</code></li>
+ <li><code title="">-//WAPFORUM//DTD&nbsp;XHTML&nbsp;Mobile&nbsp;1.0//EN</code></li>
+ </ul><p>Furthermore, user agents should attempt to retrieve the above external entity's content when
+ one of the above public identifiers is used, and should not attempt to retrieve any other external
+ entity's content.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is not strictly a <a href=#willful-violation title="willful violation">violation</a> of the XML
+ specification, but it does contradict the spirit of the XML specification's requirements. This is
+ motivated by a desire for user agents to all handle entities in an interoperable fashion without
+ requiring any network access for handling external subsets. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></p>
+
+ <p id=scriptTagXML>When an <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> creates a <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element, it
+ must be marked as being <a href=#parser-inserted>"parser-inserted"</a> and its <a href=#force-async>"force-async"</a> flag
+ must be unset. If the parser was originally created for the <a href=#xml-fragment-parsing-algorithm>XML fragment parsing
+ algorithm</a>, then the element must be marked as <a href=#already-started>"already started"</a> also. When the
+ element's end tag is parsed, the user agent must <a href=#perform-a-microtask-checkpoint>perform a microtask checkpoint</a>, and
+ then <a href=#prepare-a-script title="prepare a script">prepare</a> the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element. If this
+ causes there to be a <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking script</a>, then the user agent must run
+ the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Block this instance of the <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>, such that the <a href=#event-loop>event loop</a>
+ will not run <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> that invoke it.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#spin-the-event-loop>Spin the event loop</a> until the parser's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> <a href=#has-no-style-sheet-that-is-blocking-scripts>has no
+ style sheet that is blocking scripts</a> and the <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking
+ script</a>'s <a href=#ready-to-be-parser-executed>"ready to be parser-executed"</a> flag is set.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Unblock this instance of the <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>, such that <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> that invoke it can again be run.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#execute-the-script-block title="execute the script block">Execute</a> the <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking
+ script</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>There is no longer a <a href=#pending-parsing-blocking-script>pending parsing-blocking script</a>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p class=note>Since the <code title=dom-document-write><a href=#dom-document-write>document.write()</a></code> API is not
+ available for <a href=#xml-documents>XML documents</a>, much of the complexity in the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>
+ is not needed in the <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>.</p>
+
+ <p id=templateTagXML>When an <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> would append a node to a
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element, it must instead append it to the <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> element's
+ <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a> (a <code><a href=#documentfragment>DocumentFragment</a></code> node).</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is a <a href=#willful-violation>willful violation</a> of the XML specification; unfortunately,
+ XML is not formally extensible in the manner that is needed for <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> processing.
+ <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When an <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> creates a <code><a href=#node>Node</a></code> object, its <code title=dom-Node-ownerDocument><a href=#dom-node-ownerdocument>ownerDocument</a></code> must be set to the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> of
+ the node into which the newly created node is to be inserted.</p>
+
+ <p>Certain algorithms in this specification <dfn id=feed-the-parser title="feed the parser">spoon-feed the
+ parser</dfn> characters one string at a time. In such cases, the <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> must act
+ as it would have if faced with a single string consisting of the concatenation of all those
+ characters.</p>
+
+ <p>When an <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a> reaches the end of its input, it must <a href=#stop-parsing>stop
+ parsing</a>, following the same rules as the <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>. An <a href=#xml-parser>XML
+ parser</a> can also be <a href=#abort-a-parser title="abort a parser">aborted</a>, which must again by done in
+ the same way as for an <a href=#html-parser>HTML parser</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of conformance checkers, if a resource is determined to be in <a href=#the-xhtml-syntax>the XHTML
+ syntax</a>, then it is an <a href=#xml-documents title="XML documents">XML document</a>.</p>
+
+
+<!--//HTMLPARSER-->
+
+
+ <h3 id=serializing-xhtml-fragments><span class=secno>13.3 </span>Serializing XHTML fragments</h3>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=xml-fragment-serialization-algorithm>XML fragment serialization algorithm</dfn> for a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> or
+ <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code> node either returns a fragment of XML that represents that node or throws an
+ exception.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>s, the algorithm must return a string in the form of a <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#sec-well-formed>document entity</a>, if none of the error cases
+ below apply.</p>
+
+ <p>For <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code>s, the algorithm must return a string in the form of an <a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#wf-entities>internal general parsed entity</a>, if none of the
+ error cases below apply.</p>
+
+ <p>In both cases, the string returned must be XML namespace-well-formed and must be an isomorphic
+ serialization of all of that node's <a href=#relevant-child-nodes>relevant child nodes</a>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>.
+ User agents may adjust prefixes and namespace declarations in the serialization (and indeed might
+ be forced to do so in some cases to obtain namespace-well-formed XML). User agents may use a
+ combination of regular text and character references to represent <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> nodes in the
+ DOM.</p>
+
+ <p>A node's <dfn id=relevant-child-nodes>relevant child nodes</dfn> are those that apply given the following rules:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>For <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code> elements</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href=#relevant-child-nodes>relevant child nodes</a> are the child nodes of the <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>
+ element's <a href=#template-contents>template contents</a>, if any.</dd>
+
+ <dt>For all other nodes</dt>
+
+ <dd>The <a href=#relevant-child-nodes>relevant child nodes</a> are the child nodes of node itself, if any.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>For <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code>s, if any of the elements in the serialization are in no namespace, the
+ default namespace in scope for those elements must be explicitly declared as the empty string.<!--
+ because otherwise round-tripping might break since it'll pick up the surrounding default ns when
+ setting --> (This doesn't apply in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> case.) <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a>
+ <a href=#refsXMLNS>[XMLNS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of this section, an internal general parsed entity is considered XML
+ namespace-well-formed if a document consisting of an element with no namespace declarations whose
+ contents are the internal general parsed entity would itself be XML namespace-well-formed.</p>
+
+ <p>If any of the following error cases are found in the DOM subtree being serialized, then the
+ algorithm must throw an <code><a href=#invalidstateerror>InvalidStateError</a></code> exception instead of returning a
+ string:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node with no child element nodes.</li>
+
+ <li>A <code><a href=#documenttype>DocumentType</a></code> node that has an external subset public identifier that contains
+ characters that are not matched by the XML <code title="">PubidChar</code> production. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></li>
+
+ <li>A <code><a href=#documenttype>DocumentType</a></code> node that has an external subset system identifier that contains
+ both a U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (") and a U+0027 APOSTROPHE (') or that contains characters that are
+ not matched by the XML <code title="">Char</code> production. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></li>
+
+ <li>A node with a <!--prefix or--> local name containing a U+003A COLON (:).</li> <!--(prefixes
+ can get adjusted, so this isn't an excuse) -->
+
+ <li>A node with a <!--prefix or--> local name that does not match the XML <code title="">Name</code> production. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></li> <!--(again, prefixes can get
+ adjusted, so this isn't an excuse) -->
+
+ <li>An <code><a href=#attr>Attr</a></code> node with no namespace whose local name is the lowercase string "<code title="">xmlns</code>". <a href=#refsXMLNS>[XMLNS]</a></li>
+
+ <li>An <code><a href=#element>Element</a></code> node with two or more attributes with the same local name and
+ namespace.</li>
+
+ <li>An <code><a href=#attr>Attr</a></code> node, <code><a href=#text>Text</a></code> node, <code><a href=#comment-0>Comment</a></code> node, or
+ <code><a href=#processinginstruction>ProcessingInstruction</a></code> node whose data contains characters that are not matched by
+ the XML <code title="">Char</code> production. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a></li>
+
+ <li>A <code><a href=#comment-0>Comment</a></code> node whose data contains two adjacent U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters
+ (-) or ends with such a character.</li>
+
+ <li>A <code><a href=#processinginstruction>ProcessingInstruction</a></code> node whose target name is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">xml</code>".</li>
+
+ <li>A <code><a href=#processinginstruction>ProcessingInstruction</a></code> node whose target name contains a U+003A COLON (:).</li>
+
+ <li>A <code><a href=#processinginstruction>ProcessingInstruction</a></code> node whose data contains the string "<code title="">?&gt;</code>".</li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>These are the only ways to make a DOM unserializable. The DOM enforces all the
+ other XML constraints; for example, trying to append two elements to a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node
+ will throw a <code><a href=#hierarchyrequesterror>HierarchyRequestError</a></code> exception.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=parsing-xhtml-fragments><span class=secno>13.4 </span>Parsing XHTML fragments</h3>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=xml-fragment-parsing-algorithm>XML fragment parsing algorithm</dfn> either returns a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> or throws
+ a <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception. Given a string <var title="">input</var> and an optional
+ context element <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var>, the algorithm is as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Create a new <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is a <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element, <a href=#feed-the-parser>feed the
+ parser</a> just created the string corresponding to the start tag of that element, declaring
+ all the namespace prefixes that are in scope on that element in the DOM, as well as declaring
+ the default namespace (if any) that is in scope on that element in the DOM.</p>
+
+ <p>A namespace prefix is in scope if the DOM <code title="">lookupNamespaceURI()</code> method
+ on the element would return a non-null value for that prefix.</p>
+
+ <p>The default namespace is the namespace for which the DOM <code title="">isDefaultNamespace()</code> method on the element would return true.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If there is a <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element, no
+ <code title="">DOCTYPE</code> is passed to the parser, and therefore no external subset is
+ referenced, and therefore no entities will be recognized.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#feed-the-parser>Feed the parser</a> just created the string <var title="">input</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is a <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element, <a href=#feed-the-parser>feed the
+ parser</a> just created the string corresponding to the end tag of that element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is an XML well-formedness or XML namespace well-formedness error, then throw a
+ <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is a <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element, and the root
+ element of the resulting <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has any sibling nodes, then throw a
+ <code><a href=#syntaxerror>SyntaxError</a></code> exception and abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1443 -->
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there is a <var title=concept-frag-parse-context><a href=#concept-frag-parse-context>context</a></var> element, then return the
+ child nodes of the root element of the resulting <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, return the children of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object, in <a href=#tree-order>tree
+ order</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></div>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Rendering-->
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h2 id=rendering><span class=secno>14 </span>Rendering</h2>
+
+ <p><i>User agents are not required to present HTML documents in any particular way. However, this
+ section provides a set of suggestions for rendering HTML documents that, if followed, are likely
+ to lead to a user experience that closely resembles the experience intended by the documents'
+ authors. So as to avoid confusion regarding the normativity of this section, RFC2119 terms have
+ not been used. Instead, the term "expected" is used to indicate behavior that will lead to this
+ experience. For the purposes of conformance for user agents designated as <a href=#renderingUA>supporting the suggested default rendering</a>, the term "expected" in this
+ section has the same conformance implications as the RFC2119-defined term "must".</i></p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=introduction-14><span class=secno>14.1 </span>Introduction</h3>
+
+ <p>In general, user agents are expected to support CSS, and many of the suggestions in this
+ section are expressed in CSS terms. User agents that use other presentation mechanisms can derive
+ their expected behavior by translating from the CSS rules given in this section.</p>
+
+ <p>In the absence of style-layer rules to the contrary (e.g. author style sheets), user agents are
+ expected to render an element so that it conveys to the user the meaning that the element
+ <a href=#represents>represents</a>, as described by this specification.</p>
+
+ <p>The suggestions in this section generally assume a visual output medium with a resolution of
+ 96dpi or greater, but HTML is intended to apply to multiple media (it is a
+ <i>media-independent</i> language). User agent implementors are encouraged to adapt the
+ suggestions in this section to their target media.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>An element is <dfn id=being-rendered>being rendered</dfn> if it has any associated CSS layout boxes, SVG layout
+ boxes, or some equivalent in other styling languages.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Just being off-screen does not mean the element is not <a href=#being-rendered>being
+ rendered</a>. The presence of the <code title=attr-hidden><a href=#the-hidden-attribute>hidden</a></code> attribute normally
+ means the element is not <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a>, though this might be overridden by the style
+ sheets.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>User agents that do not honor author-level CSS style sheets are nonetheless expected to act as
+ if they applied the CSS rules given in these sections in a manner consistent with this
+ specification and the relevant CSS and Unicode specifications. <a href=#refsCSS>[CSS]</a> <a href=#refsUNICODE>[UNICODE]</a> <a href=#refsBIDI>[BIDI]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>This is especially important for issues relating to the 'display', 'unicode-bidi',
+ and 'direction' properties.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=the-css-user-agent-style-sheet-and-presentational-hints><span class=secno>14.2 </span>The CSS user agent style sheet and presentational hints</h3>
+
+ <p>The CSS rules given in these subsections are, except where otherwise specified, expected to be
+ used as part of the user-agent level style sheet defaults for all documents that contain
+ <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Some rules are intended for the author-level zero-specificity presentational hints part of the
+ CSS cascade; these are explicitly called out as <dfn id=presentational-hints>presentational hints</dfn>.</p>
+
+ <p>Some of the rules regarding left and right margins are given here as appropriate for elements
+ whose 'direction' property is 'ltr', and are expected to be flipped around on elements whose
+ 'direction' property is 'rtl'. These are marked "<dfn id=ltr-specific>LTR-specific</dfn>".</p>
+
+ <p class=note>These markings only affect the handling of attribute <em>values</em>, not
+ attribute names or element names.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When the text below says that an attribute <var title="">attribute</var> on an element <var title="">element</var> <dfn id=maps-to-the-pixel-length-property>maps to the pixel length property</dfn> (or properties) <var title="">properties</var>, it means that if <var title="">element</var> has an attribute <var title="">attribute</var> set, and parsing that attribute's value using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing
+ non-negative integers</a> doesn't generate an error, then the user agent is expected to use the
+ parsed value as a pixel length for a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a>
+ for <var title="">properties</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the text below says that an attribute <var title="">attribute</var> on an element <var title="">element</var> <dfn id=maps-to-the-dimension-property>maps to the dimension property</dfn> (or properties) <var title="">properties</var>, it means that if <var title="">element</var> has an attribute <var title="">attribute</var> set, and parsing that attribute's value using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-dimension-values>rules for parsing
+ dimension values</a> doesn't generate an error, then the user agent is expected to use the
+ parsed dimension as the value for a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a>
+ for <var title="">properties</var>, with the value given as a pixel length if the dimension was an
+ integer, and with the value given as a percentage if the dimension was a percentage.</p>
+
+ <p>When a user agent is to <dfn id=align-descendants>align descendants</dfn> of a node, the user agent is expected to
+ align only those descendants that have both their 'margin-left' and 'margin-right' properties
+ computing to a value other than 'auto', that are over-constrained and that have one of those two
+ margins with a used value forced to a greater value, and that do not themselves have an applicable
+ <code title=attr-align>align</code> attribute. When multiple elements are to <a href=#align-descendants title="align
+ descendants">align</a> a particular descendant, the most deeply nested such element is expected
+ to override the others. Aligned elements are expected to be aligned by having the used values of
+ their left and right margins be set accordingly.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=non-replaced-elements><span class=secno>14.3 </span>Non-replaced elements</h3>
+
+
+ <h4 id=hidden-elements><span class=secno>14.3.1 </span>Hidden elements</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+<span id=hiddenCSS title="">[hidden]</span>, area, base, basefont, datalist, head, link, menu[type=popup i], meta,
+noembed, noframes, param, rp, script, source, style, template, track, title {
+ display: none;
+}
+
+embed[hidden] { display: inline; height: 0; width: 0; }</pre> <!-- because for legacy reasons it still needs to instantiate the plugin -->
+
+ <p>The user agent is expected to force the 'display' property of <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code> elements
+ for whom <a href=#concept-n-script title=concept-n-script>scripting is enabled</a> to compute to 'none',
+ irrespective of CSS rules.</p>
+
+ <p>The user agent is expected to force the 'display' property of <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state to compute to 'none', irrespective of CSS
+ rules.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-page><span class=secno>14.3.2 </span>The page</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+html, body { display: block; }</pre>
+
+
+ <!-- body { margin: 8px; } -->
+
+ <p>For each property in the table below, given a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element, the first attribute
+ that exists <a href=#maps-to-the-pixel-length-property>maps to the pixel length property</a> on the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element. If
+ none of the attributes for a property are found, or if the value of the attribute that was found
+ cannot be parsed successfully, then, if the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> does not have its <a href=#seamless-browsing-context-flag>seamless browsing context flag</a> set, a
+ default value of 8px is expected to be used for that property instead.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Property
+ <th>Source
+ <tbody><tr><td rowspan=3>'margin-top'
+ <td><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <code title=attr-body-marginheight><a href=#attr-body-marginheight>marginheight</a></code> attribute
+ <tr><td>The <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <a href=#container-frame-element>container frame element</a>'s <code title=attr-iframe-marginheight><a href=#attr-iframe-marginheight>marginheight</a></code> attribute
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <code title=attr-body-topmargin>topmargin</code> attribute
+ <tbody><tr><td rowspan=3>'margin-right'
+ <td><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <code title=attr-body-marginwidth><a href=#attr-body-marginwidth>marginwidth</a></code> attribute
+ <tr><td>The <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <a href=#container-frame-element>container frame element</a>'s <code title=attr-iframe-marginwidth><a href=#attr-iframe-marginwidth>marginwidth</a></code> attribute
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <code title=attr-body-rightmargin>rightmargin</code> attribute
+ <tbody><tr><td rowspan=3>'margin-bottom'
+ <td><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <code title=attr-body-marginheight><a href=#attr-body-marginheight>marginheight</a></code> attribute
+ <tr><td>The <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <a href=#container-frame-element>container frame element</a>'s <code title=attr-iframe-marginheight><a href=#attr-iframe-marginheight>marginheight</a></code> attribute
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <code title=attr-body-bottommargin>bottommargin</code> attribute
+ <tbody><tr><td rowspan=3>'margin-left'
+ <td><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <code title=attr-body-marginwidth><a href=#attr-body-marginwidth>marginwidth</a></code> attribute
+ <tr><td>The <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <a href=#container-frame-element>container frame element</a>'s <code title=attr-iframe-marginwidth><a href=#attr-iframe-marginwidth>marginwidth</a></code> attribute
+ <tr><td><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <code title=attr-body-leftmargin>leftmargin</code> attribute
+ </table><p>If the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is a
+ <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, and the <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a> of that
+ <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> is a <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element, then
+ the <dfn id=container-frame-element>container frame element</dfn> of the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element is that <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code>
+ or <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element. Otherwise, there is no <a href=#container-frame-element>container frame element</a>.</p>
+
+ <p class=warning>The above requirements imply that a page can change the margins of another page
+ (including one from another <a href=#origin>origin</a>) using, for example, an <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>. This
+ is potentially a security risk, as it might in some cases allow an attack to contrive a situation
+ in which a page is rendered not as the author intended, possibly for the purposes of phishing or
+ otherwise misleading the user.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>If a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is in a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, it is expected to be
+ positioned and sized to fit inside the content box of its <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a>.
+ If a <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is not <a href=#being-rendered>being rendered</a>, it is expected to have a
+ viewport with zero width and zero height.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is in a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, and the
+ <a href=#browsing-context-container>browsing context container</a> of that <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> is a
+ <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element, and that element has a <code title="">scrolling</code> attribute, and that attribute's value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">off</code>", "<code title="">noscroll</code>", or "<code title="">no</code>", then the user agent is expected to
+ prevent any scroll bars from being shown for the viewport of the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>, regardless of the 'overflow' property that applies to that viewport.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-background><a href=#attr-background>background</a></code>
+ attribute set to a non-empty value, the new value is expected to be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a
+ url">resolved</a> relative to the element, and if this is successful, the user agent is
+ expected to treat the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a>
+ setting the element's 'background-image' property to the resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-body-bgcolor><a href=#attr-body-bgcolor>bgcolor</a></code> attribute
+ set, the new value is expected to be parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value>rules for parsing a legacy color
+ value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the user agent is expected to treat the
+ attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's
+ 'background-color' property to the resulting color.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-body-text><a href=#attr-body-text>text</a></code> attribute, its
+ value is expected to be parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value>rules for parsing a legacy color value</a>, and
+ if that does not return an error, the user agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's 'color' property to
+ the resulting color.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-body-link><a href=#attr-body-link>link</a></code> attribute, its
+ value is expected to be parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value>rules for parsing a legacy color value</a>, and
+ if that does not return an error, the user agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the 'color' property of any
+ element in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> matching the ':link' pseudo-class to the resulting color.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-body-vlink><a href=#attr-body-vlink>vlink</a></code> attribute,
+ its value is expected to be parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value>rules for parsing a legacy color value</a>,
+ and if that does not return an error, the user agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the 'color' property of any
+ element in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> matching the ':visited' pseudo-class to the resulting
+ color.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element has an <code title=attr-body-alink><a href=#attr-body-alink>alink</a></code> attribute,
+ its value is expected to be parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value>rules for parsing a legacy color value</a>,
+ and if that does not return an error, the user agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the 'color' property of any
+ element in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> matching the ':active' pseudo-class and either the ':link'
+ pseudo-class or the ':visited' pseudo-class to the resulting color.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=flow-content-1><span class=secno>14.3.3 </span>Flow content</h4>
+
+ <!-- del, ins, and map are inline. -->
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+address, blockquote, center, div, figure, figcaption, footer, form, header, hr,
+legend, listing, main, p, plaintext, pre, summary, xmp {
+ display: block;<!-- see also unicode-bidi: isolate rules-->
+}
+
+blockquote, figure, listing, p, plaintext, pre, xmp {
+ margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+blockquote, figure { margin-left: 40px; margin-right: 40px; }
+
+address { font-style: italic; }
+listing, plaintext, pre, xmp {
+ font-family: monospace; white-space: pre;
+}
+
+dialog:not([open]) { display: none; }
+dialog {
+ position: absolute;
+ left: 0; right: 0;
+ width: fit-content;
+ height: fit-content;
+ margin: auto;
+ border: solid;
+ padding: 1em;
+ background: white;
+ color: black;
+}
+dialog::backdrop {
+ position: fixed;
+ top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0;
+ background: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>The following rules are also expected to apply, as <a href=#presentational-hints>presentational hints</a>:</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+pre[wrap] { white-space: pre-wrap; }</pre>
+
+ <p>In <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, the following rules are also expected to apply:</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+form { margin-bottom: 1em; }</pre>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code><a href=#center>center</a></code> element, and the <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element when it has an <code title=attr-div-align><a href=#attr-div-align>align</a></code> attribute whose value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for either the string "<code title="">center</code>" or the string
+ "<code title="">middle</code>", are expected to center text within themselves, as if they had
+ their 'text-align' property set to 'center' in a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational
+ hint</a>, and to <a href=#align-descendants>align descendants</a> to the center.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element, when it has an <code title=attr-align>align</code> attribute
+ whose value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">left</code>", is expected to left-align text within itself, as if it had its 'text-align'
+ property set to 'left' in a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a>, and to
+ <a href=#align-descendants>align descendants</a> to the left.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element, when it has an <code title=attr-align>align</code> attribute
+ whose value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">right</code>", is expected to right-align text within itself, as if it had its
+ 'text-align' property set to 'right' in a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational
+ hint</a>, and to <a href=#align-descendants>align descendants</a> to the right.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> element, when it has an <code title=attr-align>align</code> attribute
+ whose value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">justify</code>", is expected to full-justify text within itself, as if it had its
+ 'text-align' property set to 'justify' in a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational
+ hint</a>, and to <a href=#align-descendants>align descendants</a> to the left.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=phrasing-content-1><span class=secno>14.3.4 </span>Phrasing content</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+cite, dfn, em, i, var { font-style: italic; }
+b, strong { font-weight: bolder; }
+code, kbd, samp, tt { font-family: monospace; }
+big { font-size: larger; }
+small { font-size: smaller; }
+
+sub { vertical-align: sub; }
+sup { vertical-align: super; }
+sub, sup { line-height: normal; font-size: smaller; }
+
+ruby { display: ruby; }
+rt { display: ruby-text; }
+
+:link { color: #0000EE; }
+:visited { color: #551A8B; }
+:link, :visited { text-decoration: underline; }
+a:link[rel~=help], a:visited[rel~=help],
+area:link[rel~=help], area:visited[rel~=help] { cursor: help; }
+
+:focus { outline: auto; }
+
+mark { background: yellow; color: black; } /* this color is just a suggestion and can be changed based on implementation feedback */
+
+abbr[title], acronym[title] { text-decoration: dotted underline; }<!-- CSS3 http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-text/#text-decoration-style -->
+ins, u { text-decoration: underline; }
+del, s, strike { text-decoration: line-through; }
+blink { text-decoration: blink; }
+
+q::before { content: open-quote; }
+q::after { content: close-quote; }
+
+<span id=br-wbr-content title="">br { content: '\A'; white-space: pre; } /* <a href=#bidi-rendering>this also has bidi implications</a> */
+nobr { white-space: nowrap; }
+wbr { content: '\200B'; } /* <a href=#bidi-rendering>this also has bidi implications</a> */
+nobr wbr { white-space: normal; }</span></pre>
+
+ <p>The following rules are also expected to apply, as
+ <a href=#presentational-hints>presentational hints</a>:</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+br[clear=left i] { clear: left; }
+br[clear=right i] { clear: right; }
+br[clear=all i], br[clear=both i] { clear: both; }</pre>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of the CSS ruby model, runs of children of <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> elements that are
+ not <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> elements are expected to be wrapped in anonymous boxes
+ whose 'display' property has the value 'ruby-base'. <a href=#refsCSSRUBY>[CSSRUBY]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When a particular part of a ruby has more than one annotation, the annotations should be
+ distributed on both sides of the base text so as to minimise the stacking of ruby annotations on
+ one side.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>When it becomes possible to do so, the preceding requirement will be updated to be
+ expressed in terms of CSS ruby. (Currently, CSS ruby does not handle nested <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code>
+ elements or multiple sequential <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> elements, which is how this semantic is
+ expressed.)</p>
+
+ <p>User agents that do not support correct ruby rendering are expected to render parentheses
+ around the text of <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code> elements in the absence of <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>User agents are expected to support the 'clear' property on inline elements (in order to render
+ <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code> elements with <code title=attr-br-clear><a href=#attr-br-clear>clear</a></code> attributes) in the manner
+ described in the non-normative note to this effect in CSS2.1.</p> <!-- section 9.5.2 of CSS2.1 -->
+
+ <p>The initial value for the 'color' property is expected to be black. The initial value for the
+ 'background-color' property is expected to be 'transparent'. The canvas' background is expected to
+ be white.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>When a <code><a href=#font>font</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-font-color>color</code> attribute,
+ its value is expected to be parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value>rules for parsing a legacy color value</a>,
+ and if that does not return an error, the user agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's 'color' property to
+ the resulting color.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#font>font</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-font-face>face</code> attribute, the
+ user agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational
+ hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's 'font-family' property to the attribute's
+ value.</p>
+
+ <!-- (Apparently only IE supports this?) (Note: if you add this back, make sure to define which of
+ 'size' vs 'pointsize' wins.)
+
+ <p>When a <code>font</code> element has a <code title="attr-font-pointsize">pointsize</code>
+ attribute, the user agent is expected to parse that attribute's value using the <span>rules for
+ parsing non-negative integers</span>, and if this doesn't generate an error, then the user agent
+ is expected to use the parsed value as a <em>point</em> length for a <span title="presentational
+ hints">presentational hint</span> for the 'font-size' property on the element.</p>
+ -->
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#font>font</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-font-size>size</code> attribute, the
+ user agent is expected to use the following steps, known as the <dfn id=rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-font-size>rules for parsing a legacy
+ font size</dfn>, to treat the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational
+ hint</a> setting the element's 'font-size' property:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">input</var> be the attribute's value.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer into <var title="">input</var>, initially
+ pointing at the start of the string.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#skip-whitespace>Skip whitespace</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">position</var> is past the end of <var title="">input</var>, there is no
+ <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a>. Abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the character at <var title="">position</var> is a U+002B PLUS SIGN character (+), then
+ let <var title="">mode</var> be <i>relative-plus</i>, and advance <var title="">position</var> to
+ the next character. Otherwise, if the character at <var title="">position</var> is a U+002D
+ HYPHEN-MINUS character (-), then let <var title="">mode</var> be <i>relative-minus</i>, and
+ advance <var title="">position</var> to the next character. Otherwise, let <var title="">mode</var> be <i>absolute</i>.</li>
+
+ <li><p><a href=#collect-a-sequence-of-characters>Collect a sequence of characters</a> that are <a href=#ascii-digits>ASCII digits</a>, and let the
+ resulting sequence be <var title="">digits</var>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">digits</var> is the empty string, there is no <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational
+ hints">presentational hint</a>. Abort these steps.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Interpret <var title="">digits</var> as a base-ten integer. Let <var title="">value</var>
+ be the resulting number.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <!-- basefont support would go here, but we removed it -->
+
+ <p>If <var title="">mode</var> is <i>relative-plus</i>, then increment <var title="">value</var>
+ by 3. If <var title="">mode</var> is <i>relative-minus</i>, then let <var title="">value</var>
+ be the result of subtracting <var title="">value</var> from 3.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">value</var> is greater than 7, let it be 7.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If <var title="">value</var> is less than 1, let it be 1.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Set 'font-size' to the keyword corresponding to the value of <var title="">value</var>
+ according to the following table:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><var title="">value</var>
+ <th>'font-size' keyword
+ <th>Notes
+ <tbody><tr><td>1
+ <td>x-small
+ <td>
+ <tr><td>2
+ <td>small
+ <td>
+ <tr><td>3
+ <td>medium
+ <td>
+ <tr><td>4
+ <td>large
+ <td>
+ <tr><td>5
+ <td>x-large
+ <td>
+ <tr><td>6
+ <td>xx-large
+ <td>
+ <tr><td>7
+ <td>x<!---->xx-large
+ <td><i>see below</i>
+ </table><p class=tablenote><small>The 'x<!---->xx-large' value is a non-CSS value used here to
+ indicate a font size 50% larger than 'xx-large'.</small></p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><h4 id=bidi-rendering><span class=secno>14.3.5 </span>Bidirectional text</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+[dir]:dir(ltr), bdi:dir(ltr), input[type=tel]:dir(ltr) { direction: ltr; }
+[dir]:dir(rtl), bdi:dir(rtl) { direction: rtl; }
+
+address, blockquote, center, div, figure, figcaption, footer, form, header, hr,
+legend, listing, main, p, plaintext, pre, summary, xmp, article, aside, h1, h2,
+h3, h4, h5, h6, hgroup, nav, section, table, caption, colgroup, col, thead,
+tbody, tfoot, tr, td, th, dir, dd, dl, dt, menu, ol, ul, li, bdi, output,
+[dir=ltr i], [dir=rtl i], [dir=auto i] {
+ unicode-bidi: isolate; <!-- anything that's similar to display:block, plus <bdi>, <output>, and dir="" -->
+}
+
+bdo, bdo[dir] { unicode-bidi: isolate-override; } <!-- bdo[dir] rule is to override the otherwise higher-specificity attribute selectors in the previous rule -->
+
+textarea[dir=auto i], pre[dir=auto i] { unicode-bidi: plaintext; }
+
+/* the <a href=#br-wbr-content>rules setting the 'content' property</a> on <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code> elements also has bidi implications */</pre>
+
+ <p>Input fields (i.e. <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements, and <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements when their
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a>, <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a>,
+ <a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</a>, <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a>,
+ or <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a> state) are expected to present an editing
+ user interface with a directionality that matches the element's 'direction' property.</p>
+
+ <p>When the document's character encoding is ISO-8859-8, the following rules are additionally
+ expected to apply, following those above: <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+address, blockquote, center, div, figure, figcaption, footer, form, header, hr,
+legend, listing, main, p, plaintext, pre, summary, xmp, article, aside, h1, h2,
+h3, h4, h5, h6, hgroup, nav, section, table, caption, colgroup, col, thead,
+tbody, tfoot, tr, td, th, dir, dd, dl, dt, menu, ol, ul, li, [dir=ltr i],
+[dir=rtl i], [dir=auto i], *|* {
+ unicode-bidi: bidi-override;
+}
+input:not([type=submit i]):not([type=reset i]):not([type=button i]),
+textarea, keygen {
+ unicode-bidi: normal;
+}</pre>
+
+
+ <h4 id=quotes><span class=secno>14.3.6 </span>Quotes</h4>
+
+ <p>This block is automatically generated from the Unicode Common Locale Data Repository. <a href=#refsCLDR>[CLDR]</a></p>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to use either the block below (which will be regularly updated) or to
+ automatically generate their own copy directly from the source material. The language codes are
+ derived from the CLDR file names. The quotes are derived from the <code title="">delimiter</code>
+ blocks, with fallback handled as specified in the CLDR documentation.</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+:root { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(af), :not(:lang(af)) &gt; :lang(af) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(agq), :not(:lang(agq)) &gt; :lang(agq) { quotes: '\201e' '\201d' '\201a' '\2019' } /* &ldquor; &rdquo; &sbquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ak), :not(:lang(ak)) &gt; :lang(ak) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(am), :not(:lang(am)) &gt; :lang(am) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2039' '\203a' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsaquo; &rsaquo; */
+:root:lang(ar), :not(:lang(ar)) &gt; :lang(ar) { quotes: '\201d' '\201c' '\2019' '\2018' } /* &rdquo; &ldquo; &rsquor; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(asa), :not(:lang(asa)) &gt; :lang(asa) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(az), :not(:lang(az)) &gt; :lang(az) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(az-Cyrl), :not(:lang(az-Cyrl)) &gt; :lang(az-Cyrl) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2039' '\203a' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsaquo; &rsaquo; */
+:root:lang(bas), :not(:lang(bas)) &gt; :lang(bas) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201e' '\201c' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquor; &ldquo; */
+:root:lang(bem), :not(:lang(bem)) &gt; :lang(bem) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(bez), :not(:lang(bez)) &gt; :lang(bez) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(bg), :not(:lang(bg)) &gt; :lang(bg) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201e' '\201c' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &ldquor; &ldquo; */
+:root:lang(bm), :not(:lang(bm)) &gt; :lang(bm) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(bn), :not(:lang(bn)) &gt; :lang(bn) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(br), :not(:lang(br)) &gt; :lang(br) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2039' '\203a' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsaquo; &rsaquo; */
+:root:lang(brx), :not(:lang(brx)) &gt; :lang(brx) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(bs-Cyrl), :not(:lang(bs-Cyrl)) &gt; :lang(bs-Cyrl) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201a' '\2018' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &sbquo; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(ca), :not(:lang(ca)) &gt; :lang(ca) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\00ab' '\00bb' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &laquo; &raquo; */
+:root:lang(cgg), :not(:lang(cgg)) &gt; :lang(cgg) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(chr), :not(:lang(chr)) &gt; :lang(chr) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(cs), :not(:lang(cs)) &gt; :lang(cs) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201a' '\2018' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &sbquo; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(cy), :not(:lang(cy)) &gt; :lang(cy) { quotes: '\2018' '\2019' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &lsquo; &rsquor; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(da), :not(:lang(da)) &gt; :lang(da) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(dav), :not(:lang(dav)) &gt; :lang(dav) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(de), :not(:lang(de)) &gt; :lang(de) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201a' '\2018' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &sbquo; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(de-CH), :not(:lang(de-CH)) &gt; :lang(de-CH) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2039' '\203a' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsaquo; &rsaquo; */
+:root:lang(dje), :not(:lang(dje)) &gt; :lang(dje) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(dua), :not(:lang(dua)) &gt; :lang(dua) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(dyo), :not(:lang(dyo)) &gt; :lang(dyo) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(dz), :not(:lang(dz)) &gt; :lang(dz) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ebu), :not(:lang(ebu)) &gt; :lang(ebu) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ee), :not(:lang(ee)) &gt; :lang(ee) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(el), :not(:lang(el)) &gt; :lang(el) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\0022' '\0022' } /* &laquo; &raquo; " " */
+:root:lang(en), :not(:lang(en)) &gt; :lang(en) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(es), :not(:lang(es)) &gt; :lang(es) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(et), :not(:lang(et)) &gt; :lang(et) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201a' '\2018' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &sbquo; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(eu), :not(:lang(eu)) &gt; :lang(eu) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(ewo), :not(:lang(ewo)) &gt; :lang(ewo) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(fa), :not(:lang(fa)) &gt; :lang(fa) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2039' '\203a' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsaquo; &rsaquo; */
+:root:lang(ff), :not(:lang(ff)) &gt; :lang(ff) { quotes: '\201e' '\201d' '\201a' '\2019' } /* &ldquor; &rdquo; &sbquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(fi), :not(:lang(fi)) &gt; :lang(fi) { quotes: '\201d' '\201d' '\2019' '\2019' } /* &rdquo; &rdquo; &rsquor; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(fil), :not(:lang(fil)) &gt; :lang(fil) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(fr), :not(:lang(fr)) &gt; :lang(fr) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\00ab' '\00bb' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &laquo; &raquo; */
+:root:lang(fr-CA), :not(:lang(fr-CA)) &gt; :lang(fr-CA) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2039' '\203a' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsaquo; &rsaquo; */
+:root:lang(fr-CH), :not(:lang(fr-CH)) &gt; :lang(fr-CH) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2039' '\203a' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsaquo; &rsaquo; */
+:root:lang(gsw), :not(:lang(gsw)) &gt; :lang(gsw) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2039' '\203a' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsaquo; &rsaquo; */
+:root:lang(gu), :not(:lang(gu)) &gt; :lang(gu) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(guz), :not(:lang(guz)) &gt; :lang(guz) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ha), :not(:lang(ha)) &gt; :lang(ha) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(he), :not(:lang(he)) &gt; :lang(he) { quotes: '\05f4' '\05f4' '\05f3' '\05f3' } /* &#x5f4; &#x5f4; &#x5f3; &#x5f3; */
+:root:lang(hi), :not(:lang(hi)) &gt; :lang(hi) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(hr), :not(:lang(hr)) &gt; :lang(hr) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201a' '\2018' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &sbquo; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(hu), :not(:lang(hu)) &gt; :lang(hu) { quotes: '\201e' '\201d' '\00bb' '\00ab' } /* &ldquor; &rdquo; &raquo; &laquo; */
+:root:lang(hy), :not(:lang(hy)) &gt; :lang(hy) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\00ab' '\00bb' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &laquo; &raquo; */
+:root:lang(id), :not(:lang(id)) &gt; :lang(id) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ig), :not(:lang(ig)) &gt; :lang(ig) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(it), :not(:lang(it)) &gt; :lang(it) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(ja), :not(:lang(ja)) &gt; :lang(ja) { quotes: '\300c' '\300d' '\300e' '\300f' } /* &#x300c; &#x300d; &#x300e; &#x300f; */
+:root:lang(jgo), :not(:lang(jgo)) &gt; :lang(jgo) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2039' '\203a' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsaquo; &rsaquo; */
+:root:lang(jmc), :not(:lang(jmc)) &gt; :lang(jmc) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ka), :not(:lang(ka)) &gt; :lang(ka) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\00ab' '\00bb' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &laquo; &raquo; */
+:root:lang(kab), :not(:lang(kab)) &gt; :lang(kab) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(kam), :not(:lang(kam)) &gt; :lang(kam) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(kde), :not(:lang(kde)) &gt; :lang(kde) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(kea), :not(:lang(kea)) &gt; :lang(kea) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(khq), :not(:lang(khq)) &gt; :lang(khq) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ki), :not(:lang(ki)) &gt; :lang(ki) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(kk), :not(:lang(kk)) &gt; :lang(kk) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(kkj), :not(:lang(kkj)) &gt; :lang(kkj) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2039' '\203a' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsaquo; &rsaquo; */
+:root:lang(kln), :not(:lang(kln)) &gt; :lang(kln) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(km), :not(:lang(km)) &gt; :lang(km) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(kn), :not(:lang(kn)) &gt; :lang(kn) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ko), :not(:lang(ko)) &gt; :lang(ko) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ksb), :not(:lang(ksb)) &gt; :lang(ksb) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ksf), :not(:lang(ksf)) &gt; :lang(ksf) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ky), :not(:lang(ky)) &gt; :lang(ky) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201e' '\201c' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquor; &ldquo; */
+:root:lang(lag), :not(:lang(lag)) &gt; :lang(lag) { quotes: '\201d' '\201d' '\2019' '\2019' } /* &rdquo; &rdquo; &rsquor; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(lg), :not(:lang(lg)) &gt; :lang(lg) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ln), :not(:lang(ln)) &gt; :lang(ln) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(lo), :not(:lang(lo)) &gt; :lang(lo) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(lt), :not(:lang(lt)) &gt; :lang(lt) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201e' '\201c' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &ldquor; &ldquo; */
+:root:lang(lu), :not(:lang(lu)) &gt; :lang(lu) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(luo), :not(:lang(luo)) &gt; :lang(luo) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(luy), :not(:lang(luy)) &gt; :lang(luy) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201a' '\2018' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &sbquo; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(lv), :not(:lang(lv)) &gt; :lang(lv) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(mas), :not(:lang(mas)) &gt; :lang(mas) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(mer), :not(:lang(mer)) &gt; :lang(mer) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(mfe), :not(:lang(mfe)) &gt; :lang(mfe) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(mg), :not(:lang(mg)) &gt; :lang(mg) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(mgo), :not(:lang(mgo)) &gt; :lang(mgo) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(mk), :not(:lang(mk)) &gt; :lang(mk) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201a' '\2018' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &sbquo; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(ml), :not(:lang(ml)) &gt; :lang(ml) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(mn), :not(:lang(mn)) &gt; :lang(mn) { quotes: '\2018' '\2019' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &lsquo; &rsquor; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(mr), :not(:lang(mr)) &gt; :lang(mr) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ms), :not(:lang(ms)) &gt; :lang(ms) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(mua), :not(:lang(mua)) &gt; :lang(mua) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(my), :not(:lang(my)) &gt; :lang(my) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(naq), :not(:lang(naq)) &gt; :lang(naq) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(nb), :not(:lang(nb)) &gt; :lang(nb) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(nd), :not(:lang(nd)) &gt; :lang(nd) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(nl), :not(:lang(nl)) &gt; :lang(nl) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(nmg), :not(:lang(nmg)) &gt; :lang(nmg) { quotes: '\201e' '\201d' '\00ab' '\00bb' } /* &ldquor; &rdquo; &laquo; &raquo; */
+:root:lang(nn), :not(:lang(nn)) &gt; :lang(nn) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(nnh), :not(:lang(nnh)) &gt; :lang(nnh) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(nus), :not(:lang(nus)) &gt; :lang(nus) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(nyn), :not(:lang(nyn)) &gt; :lang(nyn) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(pa), :not(:lang(pa)) &gt; :lang(pa) { quotes: '\0027' '\0027' '\0022' '\0022' } /* ' ' " " */
+:root:lang(pl), :not(:lang(pl)) &gt; :lang(pl) { quotes: '\201e' '\201d' '\00ab' '\00bb' } /* &ldquor; &rdquo; &laquo; &raquo; */
+:root:lang(pt), :not(:lang(pt)) &gt; :lang(pt) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(pt-PT), :not(:lang(pt-PT)) &gt; :lang(pt-PT) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(rn), :not(:lang(rn)) &gt; :lang(rn) { quotes: '\201d' '\201d' '\2019' '\2019' } /* &rdquo; &rdquo; &rsquor; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ro), :not(:lang(ro)) &gt; :lang(ro) { quotes: '\201e' '\201d' '\00ab' '\00bb' } /* &ldquor; &rdquo; &laquo; &raquo; */
+:root:lang(rof), :not(:lang(rof)) &gt; :lang(rof) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ru), :not(:lang(ru)) &gt; :lang(ru) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201e' '\201c' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquor; &ldquo; */
+:root:lang(rw), :not(:lang(rw)) &gt; :lang(rw) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(rwk), :not(:lang(rwk)) &gt; :lang(rwk) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(saq), :not(:lang(saq)) &gt; :lang(saq) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(sbp), :not(:lang(sbp)) &gt; :lang(sbp) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(seh), :not(:lang(seh)) &gt; :lang(seh) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ses), :not(:lang(ses)) &gt; :lang(ses) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(sg), :not(:lang(sg)) &gt; :lang(sg) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(shi), :not(:lang(shi)) &gt; :lang(shi) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201e' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquor; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(shi-Latn), :not(:lang(shi-Latn)) &gt; :lang(shi-Latn) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201e' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquor; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(si), :not(:lang(si)) &gt; :lang(si) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(sk), :not(:lang(sk)) &gt; :lang(sk) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201a' '\2018' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &sbquo; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(sl), :not(:lang(sl)) &gt; :lang(sl) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201a' '\2018' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &sbquo; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(sn), :not(:lang(sn)) &gt; :lang(sn) { quotes: '\201d' '\201d' '\2019' '\2019' } /* &rdquo; &rdquo; &rsquor; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(so), :not(:lang(so)) &gt; :lang(so) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(sq), :not(:lang(sq)) &gt; :lang(sq) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(sr), :not(:lang(sr)) &gt; :lang(sr) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201a' '\2018' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &sbquo; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(sr-Latn), :not(:lang(sr-Latn)) &gt; :lang(sr-Latn) { quotes: '\201e' '\201c' '\201a' '\2018' } /* &ldquor; &ldquo; &sbquo; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(sv), :not(:lang(sv)) &gt; :lang(sv) { quotes: '\201d' '\201d' '\2019' '\2019' } /* &rdquo; &rdquo; &rsquor; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(sw), :not(:lang(sw)) &gt; :lang(sw) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(swc), :not(:lang(swc)) &gt; :lang(swc) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ta), :not(:lang(ta)) &gt; :lang(ta) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(te), :not(:lang(te)) &gt; :lang(te) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(teo), :not(:lang(teo)) &gt; :lang(teo) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(th), :not(:lang(th)) &gt; :lang(th) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(ti-ER), :not(:lang(ti-ER)) &gt; :lang(ti-ER) { quotes: '\2018' '\2019' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &lsquo; &rsquor; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(to), :not(:lang(to)) &gt; :lang(to) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(tr), :not(:lang(tr)) &gt; :lang(tr) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(twq), :not(:lang(twq)) &gt; :lang(twq) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(tzm), :not(:lang(tzm)) &gt; :lang(tzm) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(uk), :not(:lang(uk)) &gt; :lang(uk) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201e' '\201c' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquor; &ldquo; */
+:root:lang(ur), :not(:lang(ur)) &gt; :lang(ur) { quotes: '\201d' '\201c' '\2019' '\2018' } /* &rdquo; &ldquo; &rsquor; &lsquo; */
+:root:lang(uz), :not(:lang(uz)) &gt; :lang(uz) { quotes: '\0022' '\0022' '\0027' '\0027' } /* " " ' ' */
+:root:lang(uz-Cyrl), :not(:lang(uz-Cyrl)) &gt; :lang(uz-Cyrl) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(vai), :not(:lang(vai)) &gt; :lang(vai) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(vai-Latn), :not(:lang(vai-Latn)) &gt; :lang(vai-Latn) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(vi), :not(:lang(vi)) &gt; :lang(vi) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(vun), :not(:lang(vun)) &gt; :lang(vun) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(xh), :not(:lang(xh)) &gt; :lang(xh) { quotes: '\2018' '\2019' '\201c' '\201d' } /* &lsquo; &rsquor; &ldquo; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(xog), :not(:lang(xog)) &gt; :lang(xog) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(yav), :not(:lang(yav)) &gt; :lang(yav) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\00ab' '\00bb' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &laquo; &raquo; */
+:root:lang(yo), :not(:lang(yo)) &gt; :lang(yo) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(yo-BJ), :not(:lang(yo-BJ)) &gt; :lang(yo-BJ) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(zgh), :not(:lang(zgh)) &gt; :lang(zgh) { quotes: '\00ab' '\00bb' '\201e' '\201d' } /* &laquo; &raquo; &ldquor; &rdquo; */
+:root:lang(zh), :not(:lang(zh)) &gt; :lang(zh) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+:root:lang(zh-Hant), :not(:lang(zh-Hant)) &gt; :lang(zh-Hant) { quotes: '\300c' '\300d' '\300e' '\300f' } /* &#x300c; &#x300d; &#x300e; &#x300f; */
+:root:lang(zu), :not(:lang(zu)) &gt; :lang(zu) { quotes: '\201c' '\201d' '\2018' '\2019' } /* &ldquo; &rdquo; &lsquo; &rsquor; */
+</pre>
+
+
+ <h4 id=sections-and-headings><span class=secno>14.3.7 </span>Sections and headings</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+article, aside, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, hgroup, nav, section {
+ display: block;<!-- see also unicode-bidi: isolate rules-->
+}
+
+h1 { margin-top: 0.67em; margin-bottom: 0.67em; font-size: 2.00em; font-weight: bold; }
+h2 { margin-top: 0.83em; margin-bottom: 0.83em; font-size: 1.50em; font-weight: bold; }
+h3 { margin-top: 1.00em; margin-bottom: 1.00em; font-size: 1.17em; font-weight: bold; }
+h4 { margin-top: 1.33em; margin-bottom: 1.33em; font-size: 1.00em; font-weight: bold; }
+h5 { margin-top: 1.67em; margin-bottom: 1.67em; font-size: 0.83em; font-weight: bold; }
+h6 { margin-top: 2.33em; margin-bottom: 2.33em; font-size: 0.67em; font-weight: bold; }</pre>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>
+ elements are expected to affect the margins and font size of <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> elements, as well as
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code> elements that follow <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> elements in
+ <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code> elements, based on the nesting depth. If <var title="">x</var> is a selector
+ that matches elements that are either <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>,
+ or <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code> elements, then the following rules capture what is expected:</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+<var title="">x</var> h1 { margin-top: 0.83em; margin-bottom: 0.83em; font-size: 1.50em; }
+<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> h1 { margin-top: 1.00em; margin-bottom: 1.00em; font-size: 1.17em; }
+<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> h1 { margin-top: 1.33em; margin-bottom: 1.33em; font-size: 1.00em; }
+<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> h1 { margin-top: 1.67em; margin-bottom: 1.67em; font-size: 0.83em; }
+<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> h1 { margin-top: 2.33em; margin-bottom: 2.33em; font-size: 0.67em; }
+
+<var title="">x</var> hgroup &gt; h1 ~ h2 { margin-top: 1.00em; margin-bottom: 1.00em; font-size: 1.17em; }
+<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> hgroup &gt; h1 ~ h2 { margin-top: 1.33em; margin-bottom: 1.33em; font-size: 1.00em; }
+<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> hgroup &gt; h1 ~ h2 { margin-top: 1.67em; margin-bottom: 1.67em; font-size: 0.83em; }
+<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> hgroup &gt; h1 ~ h2 { margin-top: 2.33em; margin-bottom: 2.33em; font-size: 0.67em; }
+
+<var title="">x</var> hgroup &gt; h1 ~ h3 { margin-top: 1.33em; margin-bottom: 1.33em; font-size: 1.00em; }
+<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> hgroup &gt; h1 ~ h3 { margin-top: 1.67em; margin-bottom: 1.67em; font-size: 0.83em; }
+<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> hgroup &gt; h1 ~ h3 { margin-top: 2.33em; margin-bottom: 2.33em; font-size: 0.67em; }
+
+<var title="">x</var> hgroup &gt; h1 ~ h4 { margin-top: 1.67em; margin-bottom: 1.67em; font-size: 0.83em; }
+<var title="">x</var> <var title="">x</var> hgroup &gt; h1 ~ h4 { margin-top: 2.33em; margin-bottom: 2.33em; font-size: 0.67em; }
+
+<var title="">x</var> hgroup &gt; h1 ~ h5 { margin-top: 2.33em; margin-bottom: 2.33em; font-size: 0.67em; }</pre>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=lists><span class=secno>14.3.8 </span>Lists</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+dir, dd, dl, dt, menu, ol, ul { display: block; }<!-- see also unicode-bidi:isolate rules -->
+li { display: list-item; }<!-- see also unicode-bidi:isolate rules -->
+
+dir, dl, menu, ol, ul { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
+
+dir dir, dir dl, dir menu, dir ol, dir ul,
+dl dir, dl dl, dl menu, dl ol, dl ul,
+menu dir, menu dl, menu menu, menu ol, menu ul,
+ol dir, ol dl, ol menu, ol ol, ol ul,
+ul dir, ul dl, ul menu, ul ol, ul ul {
+ margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+dd { margin-left: 40px; } /* <a href=#ltr-specific>LTR-specific</a>: use 'margin-right' for rtl elements */
+dir, menu, ol, ul { padding-left: 40px; } /* <a href=#ltr-specific>LTR-specific</a>: use 'padding-right' for rtl elements */
+
+ol { list-style-type: decimal; }
+
+dir, menu, ul { list-style-type: disc; }
+
+dir dir, dir menu, dir ul,
+menu dir, menu menu, menu ul,
+ol dir, ol menu, ol ul,
+ul dir, ul menu, ul ul {
+ list-style-type: circle;
+}
+
+dir dir dir, dir dir menu, dir dir ul,
+dir menu dir, dir menu menu, dir menu ul,
+dir ol dir, dir ol menu, dir ol ul,
+dir ul dir, dir ul menu, dir ul ul,
+menu dir dir, menu dir menu, menu dir ul,
+menu menu dir, menu menu menu, menu menu ul,
+menu ol dir, menu ol menu, menu ol ul,
+menu ul dir, menu ul menu, menu ul ul,
+ol dir dir, ol dir menu, ol dir ul,
+ol menu dir, ol menu menu, ol menu ul,
+ol ol dir, ol ol menu, ol ol ul,
+ol ul dir, ol ul menu, ol ul ul,
+ul dir dir, ul dir menu, ul dir ul,
+ul menu dir, ul menu menu, ul menu ul,
+ul ol dir, ul ol menu, ul ol ul,
+ul ul dir, ul ul menu, ul ul ul {
+ list-style-type: square;
+}</pre>
+
+ <p id=decohints>The following rules are also expected to apply, as <a href=#presentational-hints>presentational
+ hints</a>:</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+ol[type=1], li[type=1] { list-style-type: decimal; }
+ol[type=a], li[type=a] { list-style-type: lower-alpha; }
+ol[type=A], li[type=A] { list-style-type: upper-alpha; }
+ol[type=i], li[type=i] { list-style-type: lower-roman; }
+ol[type=I], li[type=I] { list-style-type: upper-roman; }
+ul[type=none i], li[type=none i] { list-style-type: none; }
+ul[type=disc i], li[type=disc i] { list-style-type: disc; }
+ul[type=circle i], li[type=circle i] { list-style-type: circle; }
+ul[type=square i], li[type=square i] { list-style-type: square; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When rendering <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> elements, non-CSS user agents are expected to use the
+ <a href=#ordinal-value>ordinal value</a> of the <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element to render the counter in the list item
+ marker.</p>
+
+ <p class=critical id=css-list-rendering>This specification does not yet define the
+ CSS-specific rules for rendering <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> elements, because CSS doesn't yet provide
+ sufficient hooks for this purpose.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=tables><span class=secno>14.3.9 </span>Tables</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+table { display: table; }<!-- see also unicode-bidi:isolate rules -->
+caption { display: table-caption; }<!-- see also unicode-bidi:isolate rules -->
+colgroup, colgroup[hidden] { display: table-column-group; }<!-- see also unicode-bidi:isolate rules -->
+col, col[hidden] { display: table-column; }<!-- see also unicode-bidi:isolate rules -->
+thead, thead[hidden] { display: table-header-group; }<!-- see also unicode-bidi:isolate rules -->
+tbody, tbody[hidden] { display: table-row-group; }<!-- see also unicode-bidi:isolate rules -->
+tfoot, tfoot[hidden] { display: table-footer-group; }<!-- see also unicode-bidi:isolate rules -->
+tr, tr[hidden] { display: table-row; }<!-- see also unicode-bidi:isolate rules -->
+td, th, td[hidden], th[hidden] { display: table-cell; }<!-- see also unicode-bidi:isolate rules -->
+
+colgroup[hidden], col[hidden], thead[hidden], tbody[hidden],
+tfoot[hidden], tr[hidden], td[hidden], th[hidden] {
+ visibility: collapse;
+}
+
+table {
+ box-sizing: border-box;
+ border-spacing: 2px;
+ border-collapse: separate;
+ text-indent: initial;
+}
+td, th { padding: 1px; }
+th { font-weight: bold; }
+
+thead, tbody, tfoot, table &gt; tr { vertical-align: middle; }
+tr, td, th { vertical-align: inherit; }
+
+table, td, th { border-color: gray; }
+thead, tbody, tfoot, tr { border-color: inherit; }
+table[rules=none i], table[rules=groups i], table[rules=rows i],
+table[rules=cols i], table[rules=all i], table[frame=void i],
+table[frame=above i], table[frame=below i], table[frame=hsides i],
+table[frame=lhs i], table[frame=rhs i], table[frame=vsides i],
+table[frame=box i], table[frame=border i],
+table[rules=none i] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none i] &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=groups i] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups i] &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=rows i] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows i] &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=cols i] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols i] &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=all i] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all i] &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=none i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=groups i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=rows i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=cols i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=all i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=none i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=groups i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=rows i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=cols i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=all i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=none i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=groups i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=rows i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=cols i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=all i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th {
+ border-color: black;
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>The following rules are also expected to apply, as <a href=#presentational-hints>presentational hints</a>:</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+table[align=left i] { float: left; }
+table[align=right i] { float: right; }
+table[align=center i] { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
+thead[align=absmiddle i], tbody[align=absmiddle i], tfoot[align=absmiddle i],
+tr[align=absmiddle i], td[align=absmiddle i], th[align=absmiddle i] {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+
+caption[align=bottom i] { caption-side: bottom; }
+p[align=left i], h1[align=left i], h2[align=left i], h3[align=left i],
+h4[align=left i], h5[align=left i], h6[align=left i] {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+p[align=right i], h1[align=right i], h2[align=right i], h3[align=right i],
+h4[align=right i], h5[align=right i], h6[align=right i] {
+ text-align: right;
+}
+p[align=center i], h1[align=center i], h2[align=center i], h3[align=center i],
+h4[align=center i], h5[align=center i], h6[align=center i] {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+p[align=justify i], h1[align=justify i], h2[align=justify i], h3[align=justify i],
+h4[align=justify i], h5[align=justify i], h6[align=justify i] {
+ text-align: justify;
+}
+thead[valign=top i], tbody[valign=top i], tfoot[valign=top i],
+tr[valign=top i], td[valign=top i], th[valign=top i] {
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+thead[valign=middle i], tbody[valign=middle i], tfoot[valign=middle i],
+tr[valign=middle i], td[valign=middle i], th[valign=middle i] {
+ vertical-align: middle;
+}
+thead[valign=bottom i], tbody[valign=bottom i], tfoot[valign=bottom i],
+tr[valign=bottom i], td[valign=bottom i], th[valign=bottom i] {
+ vertical-align: bottom;
+}
+thead[valign=baseline i], tbody[valign=baseline i], tfoot[valign=baseline i],
+tr[valign=baseline i], td[valign=baseline i], th[valign=baseline i] {
+ vertical-align: baseline;
+}
+
+td[nowrap], th[nowrap] { white-space: nowrap; }
+
+table[rules=none i], table[rules=groups i], table[rules=rows i],
+table[rules=cols i], table[rules=all i] {
+ border-style: hidden;
+ border-collapse: collapse;
+}
+table[border] { border-style: outset; } /* <a href=#magic-border-selector>only if border is not equivalent to zero</a> */
+table[frame=void i] { border-style: hidden; }
+table[frame=above i] { border-style: outset hidden hidden hidden; }
+table[frame=below i] { border-style: hidden hidden outset hidden; }
+table[frame=hsides i] { border-style: outset hidden outset hidden; }
+table[frame=lhs i] { border-style: hidden hidden hidden outset; }
+table[frame=rhs i] { border-style: hidden outset hidden hidden; }
+table[frame=vsides i] { border-style: hidden outset; }
+table[frame=box i], table[frame=border i] { border-style: outset; }
+
+table[border] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[border] &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[border] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[border] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[border] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[border] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[border] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[border] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th {
+ /* <a href=#magic-border-selector>only if border is not equivalent to zero</a> */
+ border-width: 1px;
+ border-style: inset;
+}
+table[rules=none i] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none i] &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=none i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=none i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=none i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=none i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=groups i] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups i] &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=groups i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=groups i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=groups i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=groups i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=rows i] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows i] &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=rows i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=rows i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=rows i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=rows i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th {
+ border-width: 1px;
+ border-style: none;
+}
+table[rules=cols i] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols i] &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=cols i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=cols i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=cols i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=cols i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th {
+ border-width: 1px;
+ border-style: none solid;
+}
+table[rules=all i] &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all i] &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=all i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all i] &gt; thead &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=all i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr &gt; th,
+table[rules=all i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; td, table[rules=all i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr &gt; th {
+ border-width: 1px;
+ border-style: solid;
+}
+
+table[rules=groups i] &gt; colgroup {
+ border-left-width: 1px;
+ border-left-style: solid;
+ border-right-width: 1px;
+ border-right-style: solid;
+}
+table[rules=groups i] &gt; thead,
+table[rules=groups i] &gt; tbody,
+table[rules=groups i] &gt; tfoot {
+ border-top-width: 1px;
+ border-top-style: solid;
+ border-bottom-width: 1px;
+ border-bottom-style: solid;
+}
+
+table[rules=rows i] &gt; tr, table[rules=rows i] &gt; thead &gt; tr,
+table[rules=rows i] &gt; tbody &gt; tr, table[rules=rows i] &gt; tfoot &gt; tr {
+ border-top-width: 1px;
+ border-top-style: solid;
+ border-bottom-width: 1px;
+ border-bottom-style: solid;
+}</pre>
+
+<!--
+ Demos that the above (and prose below) must explain:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1191
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1194
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1195
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1196
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1197
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1199
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1200
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1201
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1209
+-->
+
+
+ <p>In <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, the following rules are also expected to apply:</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+table {
+ font-weight: initial;
+ font-style: initial;
+ font-variant: initial;
+ font-size: initial;
+ line-height: initial;
+ white-space: initial;
+ text-align: initial;
+}</pre>
+
+ <hr><p>For the purposes of the CSS table model, the <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element is expected to be treated
+ as if it was present as many times as its <code title=attr-col-span><a href=#attr-col-span>span</a></code> attribute <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers title="rules for parsing non-negative integers">specifies</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of the CSS table model, the <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code> element, if it contains no
+ <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element, is expected to be treated as if it had as many such children as its
+ <code title=attr-colgroup-span><a href=#attr-colgroup-span>span</a></code> attribute <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers title="rules for parsing non-negative
+ integers">specifies</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of the CSS table model, the <code title=attr-tdth-colspan><a href=#attr-tdth-colspan>colspan</a></code> and
+ <code title=attr-tdth-rowspan><a href=#attr-tdth-rowspan>rowspan</a></code> attributes on <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code>
+ elements are expected to <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers title="rules for parsing non-negative integers">provide</a> the
+ <i>special knowledge</i> regarding cells spanning rows and columns.</p>
+
+ <p>In <a href=#html-documents>HTML documents</a>, the user agent is expected to force the 'display' property of
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements that are children of <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements to compute to 'none',
+ irrespective of CSS rules.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element's <code title=attr-table-cellspacing><a href=#attr-table-cellspacing>cellspacing</a></code>
+ attribute <a href=#maps-to-the-pixel-length-property>maps to the pixel length property</a> 'border-spacing' on the element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element's <code title=attr-table-cellpadding><a href=#attr-table-cellpadding>cellpadding</a></code>
+ attribute <a href=#maps-to-the-pixel-length-property title="maps to the pixel length property">maps to the pixel length
+ properties</a> 'padding-top', 'padding-right', 'padding-bottom', and 'padding-left' of any
+ <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements that have corresponding <a href=#concept-cell title=concept-cell>cells</a> in the <a href=#concept-table title=concept-table>table</a> corresponding to
+ the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element's <code title=attr-table-hspace>hspace</code> attribute <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property title="maps to the dimension property">maps to the dimension properties</a> 'margin-left' and
+ 'margin-right' on the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element's <code title=attr-table-vspace>vspace</code> attribute <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property title="maps to the dimension property">maps to the dimension properties</a> 'margin-top' and
+ 'margin-bottom' on the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element's <code title=attr-table-height>height</code> attribute
+ <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property>maps to the dimension property</a> 'height' on the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element's <code title=attr-table-width><a href=#attr-table-width>width</a></code> attribute
+ <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property>maps to the dimension property</a> 'width' on the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element's <code title=attr-col-width><a href=#attr-col-width>width</a></code> attribute <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property>maps
+ to the dimension property</a> 'width' on the <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element's <code title=attr-tr-height>height</code> attribute <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property>maps
+ to the dimension property</a> 'height' on the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements' <code title=attr-tdth-height><a href=#attr-tdth-height>height</a></code>
+ attributes <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property title="maps to the dimension property">map to the dimension property</a>
+ 'height' on the element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements' <code title=attr-tdth-width><a href=#attr-tdth-width>width</a></code>
+ attributes <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property title="maps to the dimension property">map to the dimension property</a>
+ 'width' on the element.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element unless specified otherwise below, and the <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code>
+ elements when they have an <code title=attr-div-align><a href=#attr-div-align>align</a></code> attribute whose value is an
+ <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for either the string "<code title="">center</code>" or
+ the string "<code title="">middle</code>", are expected to center text within themselves, as if
+ they had their 'text-align' property set to 'center' in a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational
+ hints">presentational hint</a>, and to <a href=#align-descendants>align descendants</a> to the center.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements, when they have an <code title=attr-align>align</code> attribute whose value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a>
+ match for the string "<code title="">left</code>", are expected to left-align text within
+ themselves, as if they had their 'text-align' property set to 'left' in a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a>, and to <a href=#align-descendants>align descendants</a> to
+ the left.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements, when they have an <code title=attr-align>align</code> attribute whose value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a>
+ match for the string "<code title="">right</code>", are expected to right-align text within
+ themselves, as if they had their 'text-align' property set to 'right' in a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a>, and to <a href=#align-descendants>align descendants</a> to
+ the right.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements, when they have an <code title=attr-align>align</code> attribute whose value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a>
+ match for the string "<code title="">justify</code>", are expected to full-justify text within
+ themselves, as if they had their 'text-align' property set to 'justify' in a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a>, and to <a href=#align-descendants>align descendants</a> to
+ the left.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to have a rule in their user agent stylesheet that matches
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements that have a parent node whose computed value for the 'text-align'
+ property is its initial value, whose declaration block consists of just a single declaration that
+ sets the 'text-align' property to the value 'center'.</p> <!-- q.v. '-moz-center-or-inherit' -->
+
+ <hr><p>When a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-background><a href=#attr-background>background</a></code> attribute set to a non-empty value, the new value is
+ expected to be <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolved</a> relative to the element, and if this is
+ successful, the user agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational
+ hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's 'background-image' property to the
+ resulting <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element has a <code title="">bgcolor</code>
+ attribute set, the new value is expected to be parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value>rules for parsing a legacy
+ color value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the user agent is expected to treat the
+ attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's
+ 'background-color' property to the resulting color.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-table-bordercolor><a href=#attr-table-bordercolor>bordercolor</a></code>
+ attribute, its value is expected to be parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value>rules for parsing a legacy color
+ value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the user agent is expected to treat the
+ attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's
+ 'border-top-color', 'border-right-color', 'border-bottom-color', and 'border-right-color'
+ properties to the resulting color.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element's <code title=attr-table-border><a href=#attr-table-border>border</a></code> attribute <a href=#maps-to-the-pixel-length-property title="maps to the pixel length property">maps to the pixel length properties</a>
+ 'border-top-width', 'border-right-width', 'border-bottom-width', 'border-left-width' on the
+ element. If the attribute is present but parsing the attribute's value using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for
+ parsing non-negative integers</a> generates an error, a default value of 1px is expected to be
+ used for that property instead.</p>
+
+ <p>Rules marked "<dfn id=magic-border-selector>only if border is not equivalent to zero</dfn>"
+ in the CSS block above is expected to only be applied if the <code title=attr-table-border><a href=#attr-table-border>border</a></code> attribute mentioned in the selectors for the rule is not
+ only present but, when parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a>, is
+ also found to have a value other than zero or to generate an error.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>In <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> element or a <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element that has a
+ <code title=attr-tdth-nowrap><a href=#attr-tdth-nowrap>nowrap</a></code> attribute but also has a <code title=attr-tdth-width><a href=#attr-tdth-width>width</a></code> attribute whose value, when parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-dimension-values>rules for
+ parsing dimension values</a>, is found to be a length (not an error or a number classified as a
+ percentage), is expected to have a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a>
+ setting the element's 'white-space' property to 'normal', overriding the rule in the CSS block
+ above that sets it to 'nowrap'.</p> <!--
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/saved/1793 --> <!-- note that the "rules for
+ parsing dimension values" can't return 0, if the value is "0" they treat it as an error -->
+
+ <hr><p id=sortable-ui>User agents are expected to render <a href=#sorting-interface-th-element title="sorting interface th
+ element">sorting interface <code>th</code> elements</a> in such a manner as to indicate that
+ activating the elements will cause the table to be sorted.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=margin-collapsing-quirks><span class=secno>14.3.10 </span>Margin collapsing quirks</h4>
+
+ <p>A node is <dfn id=concept-rendering-substantial title=concept-rendering-substantial>substantial</dfn> if it is a text node
+ that is not <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a>, or if it is an element node.</p>
+
+ <p>A node is <dfn id=concept-rendering-blank title=concept-rendering-blank>blank</dfn> if it is an element that contains no
+ <a href=#concept-rendering-substantial title=concept-rendering-substantial>substantial</a> nodes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=concept-rendering-elements-with-margins title=concept-rendering-elements-with-margins>elements with default margins</dfn>
+ are the following elements: <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>, <code><a href=#dir>dir</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code>, <code><a href=#listing>listing</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code>, <code><a href=#multicol>multicol</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>, <code><a href=#plaintext>plaintext</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code>, <code><a href=#xmp>xmp</a></code></p>
+
+ <p>In <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, any <a href=#concept-rendering-elements-with-margins title=concept-rendering-elements-with-margins>element
+ with default margins</a> that is the child of a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element and has no <a href=#concept-rendering-substantial title=concept-rendering-substantial>substantial</a>
+ previous siblings is expected to have a user-agent level style sheet rule that sets its
+ 'margin-top' property to zero.</p>
+
+ <p>In <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, any <a href=#concept-rendering-elements-with-margins title=concept-rendering-elements-with-margins>element
+ with default margins</a> that is the child of a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element, has no <a href=#concept-rendering-substantial title=concept-rendering-substantial>substantial</a>
+ previous siblings, and is <a href=#concept-rendering-blank title=concept-rendering-blank>blank</a>, is expected to have
+ a user-agent level style sheet rule that sets its 'margin-bottom' property to zero also.</p>
+
+ <p>In <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, any <a href=#concept-rendering-elements-with-margins title=concept-rendering-elements-with-margins>element
+ with default margins</a> that is the child of a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element, has
+ no <a href=#concept-rendering-substantial title=concept-rendering-substantial>substantial</a> following siblings, and is <a href=#concept-rendering-blank title=concept-rendering-blank>blank</a>, is expected to have a user-agent level style sheet
+ rule that sets its 'margin-top' property to zero.</p>
+
+ <p>In <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, any <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> element that is the child of a <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>
+ or <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element and has no <a href=#concept-rendering-substantial title=concept-rendering-substantial>substantial</a> following siblings, is expected to have a
+ user-agent level style sheet rule that sets its 'margin-bottom' property to zero.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=form-controls><span class=secno>14.3.11 </span>Form controls</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+input, select, option, optgroup, button, textarea, keygen {
+ text-indent: initial;
+}
+
+textarea { white-space: pre-wrap; }
+
+input[type="radio"], input[type="checkbox"], input[type="reset"], input[type="button"],
+input[type="submit"], select, button {
+ box-sizing: border-box;
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>In <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>, the following rules are also expected to apply:</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+input:not([type=image]), textarea { box-sizing: border-box; }</pre>
+
+ <p>Each kind of form control is also given a specific default binding, as described in subsequent
+ sections, which implements the look and feel of the control.</p> <!-- a binding -->
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-hr-element-0><span class=secno>14.3.12 </span>The <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+hr { color: gray; border-style: inset; border-width: 1px; margin: 0.5em auto; }</pre>
+
+ <p>The following rules are also expected to apply, as <a href=#presentational-hints>presentational hints</a>:</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+hr[align=left] { margin-left: 0; margin-right: auto; }
+hr[align=right] { margin-left: auto; margin-right: 0; }
+hr[align=center] { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
+hr[color], hr[noshade] { border-style: solid; }</pre>
+
+ <p>If an <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element has either a <code title=attr-hr-color><a href=#attr-hr-color>color</a></code> attribute
+ or a <code title=attr-hr-noshade><a href=#attr-hr-noshade>noshade</a></code> attribute, and furthermore also has a <code title=attr-hr-size><a href=#attr-hr-size>size</a></code> attribute, and parsing that attribute's value using the
+ <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> doesn't generate an error, then the user
+ agent is expected to use the parsed value divided by two as a pixel length for
+ <a href=#presentational-hints>presentational hints</a> for the properties 'border-top-width', 'border-right-width',
+ 'border-bottom-width', and 'border-left-width' on the element.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if an <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element has neither a <code title=attr-hr-color><a href=#attr-hr-color>color</a></code>
+ attribute nor a <code title=attr-hr-noshade><a href=#attr-hr-noshade>noshade</a></code> attribute, but does have a <code title=attr-hr-size><a href=#attr-hr-size>size</a></code> attribute, and parsing that attribute's value using the
+ <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> doesn't generate an error, then: if the
+ parsed value is one, then the user agent is expected to use the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's
+ 'border-bottom-width' to 0; otherwise, if the parsed value is greater than one, then the user
+ agent is expected to use the parsed value minus two as a pixel length for <a href=#presentational-hints>presentational
+ hints</a> for the 'height' property on the element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-hr-width><a href=#attr-hr-width>width</a></code> attribute on an <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property>maps
+ to the dimension property</a> 'width' on the element.</p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-hr-color><a href=#attr-hr-color>color</a></code> attribute, its
+ value is expected to be parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value>rules for parsing a legacy color value</a>, and
+ if that does not return an error, the user agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's 'color' property to
+ the resulting color.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-fieldset-and-legend-elements><span class=secno>14.3.13 </span>The <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> elements</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+fieldset {
+ margin-left: 2px; margin-right: 2px;
+ border: groove 2px ThreeDFace;
+ padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
+ min-width: min-content;
+}
+
+legend {
+ padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px;
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element is expected to establish a new block formatting context.</p>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element has a child that matches the conditions in the list below,
+ then the first such child is the <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element's <dfn id=rendered-legend>rendered legend</dfn>:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>The child is a <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element.</li>
+
+ <li>The child is not out-of-flow (e.g. not absolutely positioned or floated).</li>
+
+ <li>The child is generating a box (e.g. it is not 'display:none').</li>
+
+ </ul><p>A <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element's <a href=#rendered-legend>rendered legend</a>, if any, is expected to be
+ rendered over the top border edge of the <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code> element as a 'block' box
+ (overriding any explicit 'display' value). In the absence of an explicit width, the box should
+ shrink-wrap. If the <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element in question has an <code title=attr-legend-align><a href=#attr-legend-align>align</a></code> attribute, and its value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for one of the strings in the first column of the following table,
+ then the <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> is expected to be rendered horizontally aligned over the border edge
+ in the position given in the corresponding cell on the same row in the second column. If the
+ attribute is absent or has a value that doesn't match any of the cases in the table, then the
+ position is expected to be on the right if the 'direction' property on this element has a computed
+ value of 'rtl', and on the left otherwise.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Attribute value
+ <th>Alignment position
+ <tbody><tr><td><code title="">left</code>
+ <td>On the left
+ <tr><td><code title="">right</code>
+ <td>On the right
+ <tr><td><code title="">center</code>
+ <td>In the middle
+ </table><h3 id=replaced-elements><span class=secno>14.4 </span>Replaced elements</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=embedded-content-rendering-rules><span class=secno>14.4.1 </span>Embedded content</h4>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> elements are expected to be
+ treated as replaced elements.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> element that <a href=#represents>represents</a> <a href=#embedded-content-category>embedded content</a> is
+ expected to be treated as a replaced element; the contents of such elements are the element's
+ bitmap, if any, or else a transparent black bitmap with the same intrinsic dimensions as the
+ element. Other <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> elements are expected to be treated as ordinary elements in the
+ rendering model.</p>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element that <a href=#represents>represents</a> an image, plugin, or <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested
+ browsing context</a> is expected to be treated as a replaced element. Other <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ elements are expected to be treated as ordinary elements in the rendering model.</p>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> element that <a href=#represents>represents</a> a <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> is expected
+ to be treated as a replaced element. Other <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> elements are expected to be treated
+ as ordinary elements in the rendering model.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element, when it is <a href=#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user title="expose a user interface to the
+ user">exposing a user interface</a>, is expected to be treated as a replaced element about one
+ line high, as wide as is necessary to expose the user agent's user interface features. When an
+ <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> element is not <a href=#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user title="expose a user interface to the user">exposing a
+ user interface</a>, the user agent is expected to force its 'display' property to compute to
+ 'none', irrespective of CSS rules.</p>
+
+ <p>Whether a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element is <a href=#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user title="expose a user interface to the
+ user">exposing a user interface</a> is not expected to affect the size of the rendering;
+ controls are expected to be overlaid above the page content without causing any layout changes,
+ and are expected to disappear when the user does not need them.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element represents a poster frame or frame of video, the poster frame
+ or frame of video is expected to be rendered at the largest size that maintains the aspect ratio
+ of that poster frame or frame of video without being taller or wider than the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>
+ element itself, and is expected to be centered in the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Any subtitles or captions are expected to be overlayed directly on top of their
+ <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element, as defined by the relevant rendering rules; for <a href=#webvtt>WebVTT</a>,
+ those are the <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-display-of-webvtt-text-tracks>rules for updating the display of WebVTT text tracks</a>. <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When the user agent starts <a href=#expose-a-user-interface-to-the-user title="expose a user interface to the user">exposing a user
+ interface</a> for a <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element, the user agent should run the <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-text-track-rendering>rules for
+ updating the text track rendering</a> of each of the <a href=#text-track title="text track">text
+ tracks</a> in the <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> element's <a href=#list-of-text-tracks>list of text tracks</a> that are <a href=#text-track-showing title="text track showing">showing</a> and whose <a href=#text-track-kind>text track kind</a> is one of <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-subtitles><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-subtitles>subtitles</a></code> or <code title=dom-TextTrack-kind-captions><a href=#dom-texttrack-kind-captions>captions</a></code> (e.g., for <a href=#text-track title="text track">text
+ tracks</a> based on <a href=#webvtt>WebVTT</a>, the <a href=#rules-for-updating-the-display-of-webvtt-text-tracks>rules for updating the display of WebVTT
+ text tracks</a>). <a href=#refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</a></p>
+
+ <p class=note>Resizing <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> elements does not interrupt
+ video playback or clear the canvas.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The following CSS rules are expected to apply:</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+iframe:not([seamless]) { border: 2px inset; }
+iframe[seamless] { display: block; }
+<span id=video-object-fit>video { object-fit: contain; }</span></pre>
+
+
+ <h4 id=images-0><span class=secno>14.4.2 </span>Images</h4>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to render <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements and <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements
+ whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attributes are in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, according to the first applicable rules
+ from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the element <a href=#represents>represents</a> an image</dt>
+
+ <dd>The user agent is expected to treat the element as a replaced element and render the image
+ according to the rules for doing so defined in CSS.</dd>
+
+
+ <dt>
+
+ If the element does not <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> an image, but the element
+ already has intrinsic dimensions (e.g. from the <a href=#dimension-attributes>dimension attributes</a> or CSS rules),
+ and either:
+
+ <ul><li>the user agent has reason to believe that the image will become <i title=img-available><a href=#img-available>available</a></i><!--input-img-available also--> and be rendered in due
+ course, or
+
+ <li>the element has no <code title="">alt</code> attribute<!-- attr-img-alt, attr-input-alt -->, or
+
+ <li>the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is in <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks mode</a>
+
+ </ul></dt>
+
+ <dd>The user agent is expected to treat the element as a replaced element whose content is the
+ text that the element represents, if any, optionally alongside an icon indicating that the image
+ is being obtained (if applicable). For <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements, the element is expected to
+ appear button-like to indicate that the element is a <a href=#concept-button title=concept-button>button</a>.</dd>
+
+
+ <!-- no-quirks and limited-quirks modes only-->
+ <dt>If the element is an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element that <a href=#represents>represents</a> some text and the
+ user agent does not expect this to change</dt>
+
+ <dd>The user agent is expected to treat the element as a non-replaced phrasing element whose
+ content is the text, optionally with an icon indicating that an image is missing, so that the
+ user can request the image be displayed or investigate why it is not rendering. In non-graphical
+ contexts, such an icon should be omitted.</dd>
+
+
+ <!-- no-quirks and limited-quirks modes only-->
+ <dt>If the element is an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element that <a href=#represents>represents</a> nothing and the
+ user agent does not expect this to change</dt>
+
+ <dd>The user agent is expected to treat the element as an empty inline element. (In the absence
+ of further styles, this will cause the element to essentially not be rendered.)</dd>
+
+
+ <!-- no-quirks and limited-quirks modes only-->
+ <dt>If the element is an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element that does not <a href=#represents title=represents>represent</a> an image and the user agent does not expect this to change</dt>
+
+ <dd>The user agent is expected to treat the element as a replaced element consisting of a button
+ whose content is the element's alternative text. The intrinsic dimensions of the button are
+ expected to be about one line in height and whatever width is necessary to render the text on one
+ line.</dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The icons mentioned above are expected to be relatively small so as not to disrupt most text
+ but be easily clickable. In a visual environment, for instance, icons could be 16 pixels by 16
+ pixels square, or 1em by 1em if the images are scalable. In an audio environment, the icon could
+ be a short bleep. The icons are intended to indicate to the user that they can be used to get to
+ whatever options the UA provides for images, and, where appropriate, are expected to provide
+ access to the context menu that would have come up if the user interacted with the actual
+ image.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>All animated images with the same <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> and the same image data are
+ expected to be rendered synchronised to the same timeline as a group, with the timeline starting
+ at the time of the least recent addition to the group.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In other words, the animation loop of an animated image is restarted each time
+ another image with the same <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a> and image data begins to animate, e.g. after
+ being inserted into the document.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The following CSS rules are expected to apply when the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is in <a href=#quirks-mode>quirks
+ mode</a>:</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+img[align=left i] { margin-right: 3px; }
+img[align=right i] { margin-left: 3px; }</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=attributes-for-embedded-content-and-images><span class=secno>14.4.3 </span>Attributes for embedded content and images</h4>
+
+ <p>The following CSS rules are expected to apply as <a href=#presentational-hints>presentational hints</a>:</p>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+iframe[frameborder=0], iframe[frameborder=no i] { border: none; }
+
+applet[align=left i], embed[align=left i], iframe[align=left i],
+img[align=left i], input[type=image i][align=left i], object[align=left i] {
+ float: left;
+}
+
+applet[align=right i], embed[align=right i], iframe[align=right i],
+img[align=right i], input[type=image i][align=right i], object[align=right i] {
+ float: right;
+}
+
+applet[align=top i], embed[align=top i], iframe[align=top i],
+img[align=top i], input[type=image i][align=top i], object[align=top i] {
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+applet[align=baseline i], embed[align=baseline i], iframe[align=baseline i],
+img[align=baseline i], input[type=image i][align=baseline i], object[align=baseline i] {
+ vertical-align: baseline;
+}
+
+applet[align=texttop i], embed[align=texttop i], iframe[align=texttop i],
+img[align=texttop i], input[type=image i][align=texttop i], object[align=texttop i] {
+ vertical-align: text-top;
+}
+
+applet[align=absmiddle i], embed[align=absmiddle i], iframe[align=absmiddle i],
+img[align=absmiddle i], input[type=image i][align=absmiddle i], object[align=absmiddle i],
+applet[align=abscenter i], embed[align=abscenter i], iframe[align=abscenter i],
+img[align=abscenter i], input[type=image i][align=abscenter i], object[align=abscenter i] {
+ vertical-align: middle;
+}
+
+applet[align=bottom i], embed[align=bottom i], iframe[align=bottom i],
+img[align=bottom i], input[type=image i][align=bottom i],
+object[align=bottom i] {
+ vertical-align: bottom;
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, or
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element, or an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image
+ Button</a> state, has an <code title=attr-dim-align>align</code> attribute whose value is an
+ <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">center</code>" or the
+ string "<code title="">middle</code>", the user agent is expected to act as if the element's
+ 'vertical-align' property was set to a value that aligns the vertical middle of the element with
+ the parent element's baseline.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-dim-hspace>hspace</code> attribute of <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements, and
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in the
+ <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property title="maps to the dimension
+ property">maps to the dimension properties</a> 'margin-left' and 'margin-right' on the
+ element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-dim-vspace>vspace</code> attribute of <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, or <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements, and
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in the
+ <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state, <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property title="maps to the dimension
+ property">maps to the dimension properties</a> 'margin-top' and 'margin-bottom' on the
+ element.</p>
+
+ <p>When an <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element, <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element, or <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element
+ with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state has a <code title=attr-dim-border>border</code> attribute whose value, when parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for
+ parsing non-negative integers</a>, is found to be a number greater than zero, the user agent is
+ expected to use the parsed value for eight <a href=#presentational-hints>presentational hints</a>: four setting the
+ parsed value as a pixel length for the element's 'border-top-width', 'border-right-width',
+ 'border-bottom-width', and 'border-left-width' properties, and four setting the element's
+ 'border-top-style', 'border-right-style', 'border-bottom-style', and 'border-left-style'
+ properties to the value 'solid'.</p>
+
+ <p id=dimRendering>The <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code> and <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code> attributes on <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> elements, and
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in the
+ <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image Button</a> state and that either represents an image
+ or that the user expects will eventually represent an image, <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property title="maps to the dimension
+ property">map to the dimension properties</a> 'width' and 'height' on the element
+ respectively.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=image-maps-0><span class=secno>14.4.4 </span>Image maps</h4>
+
+ <p>Shapes on an <a href=#image-map>image map</a> are expected to act, for the purpose of the CSS cascade, as
+ elements independent of the original <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element that happen to match the same style
+ rules but inherit from the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>For the purposes of the rendering, only the 'cursor' property is expected to have any effect on
+ the shape.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Thus, for example, if an <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-style><a href=#the-style-attribute>style</a></code> attribute that sets the 'cursor' property to 'help', then when the
+ user designates that shape, the cursor would change to a Help cursor.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>Similarly, if an <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element had a CSS rule that set its 'cursor'
+ property to 'inherit' (or if no rule setting the 'cursor' property matched the element at all),
+ the shape's cursor would be inherited from the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element of
+ the <a href=#image-map>image map</a>, not from the parent of the <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h3 id=bindings><span class=secno>14.5 </span>Bindings</h3> <!-- a binding -->
+
+ <h4 id=introduction-15><span class=secno>14.5.1 </span>Introduction</h4>
+
+ <p>A number of elements have their rendering defined in terms of the 'binding' property. <a href=#refsBECSS>[BECSS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The CSS snippets below set the 'binding' property to a user-agent-defined value, represented
+ below by keywords like <code title=""><i title="">button</i></code>. The rules then described for
+ these bindings are only expected to apply if the element's 'binding' property has not been
+ overridden (e.g. by the author) to have another value.</p>
+
+ <p>Exactly how the bindings are implemented is not specified by this specification. User agents
+ are encouraged to make their bindings set the 'appearance' CSS property appropriately to achieve
+ platform-native appearances for widgets, and are expected to implement any relevant animations,
+ etc, that are appropriate for the platform. <a href=#refsCSSUI>[CSSUI]</a></p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-button-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.2 </span>The <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+button { binding: <i title="">button</i>; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">button</i> binding applies to a <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element, the element
+ is expected to render as an 'inline-block' box rendered as a button whose contents are the
+ contents of the element.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code> element's <code title=attr-button-type><a href=#attr-button-type>type</a></code> attribute is
+ in the <a href=#attr-button-type-menu-state title=attr-button-type-menu-state>Menu</a> state, the user agent is expected to
+ indicate that activating the element will display a menu, e.g. by displaying a down-pointing
+ triangle after the button's label.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-details-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.3 </span>The <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+details { binding: <i title="">details</i>; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">details</i> binding applies to a <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element, the element
+ is expected to render as a 'block' box with its 'padding-left' property set to '40px' for
+ left-to-right elements (<a href=#ltr-specific>LTR-specific</a>) and with its 'padding-right' property set to
+ '40px' for right-to-left elements. The element's shadow tree is expected to take the element's
+ first child <code><a href=#the-summary-element>summary</a></code> element, if any, and place it in a first 'block' box container,
+ and then take the element's remaining descendants, if any, and place them in a second 'block' box
+ container.</p>
+
+ <p>The first container is expected to contain at least one line box, and that line box is expected
+ to contain a disclosure widget (typically a triangle), horizontally positioned within the left
+ padding of the <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element. That widget is expected to allow the user to request
+ that the details be shown or hidden.</p>
+
+ <p>The second container is expected to have its 'overflow' property set to 'hidden'. When the
+ <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element does not have an <code title=attr-details-open><a href=#attr-details-open>open</a></code>
+ attribute, this second container is expected to be removed from the rendering.</p>
+
+ <!-- http://mail.gnome.org/archives/usability/2006-June/msg00015.html -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-input-element-as-a-text-entry-widget><span class=secno>14.5.4 </span>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element as a text entry widget</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+input { binding: <i title="">input-textfield</i>; }
+input[type=password i] { binding: <i title="">input-password</i>; }
+/* later rules override this for other values of type="" */</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-textfield</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>Text</a>, <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-search>Search</a>,
+ <a href="#telephone-state-(type=tel)" title=attr-input-type-tel>Telephone</a>, <a href="#url-state-(type=url)" title=attr-input-type-url>URL</a>,
+ or <a href="#e-mail-state-(type=email)" title=attr-input-type-email>E-mail</a> state, the element is expected to render as
+ an 'inline-block' box rendered as a text field.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-password</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#password-state-(type=password)" title=attr-input-type-password>Password</a> state, the element is expected to render as an
+ 'inline-block' box rendered as a text field whose contents are obscured.</p>
+
+ <p>If these text fields provide a text selection, then, when the user changes the currect
+ selection in such a binding, the user agent is expected to <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire
+ a simple event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-select><a href=#event-select>select</a></code> at the element,
+ using the <a href=#user-interaction-task-source>user interaction task source</a> as the task source.</p>
+
+ <p>If an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is
+ in one of the above states has a <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code> attribute, and parsing
+ that attribute's value using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> doesn't
+ generate an error, then the user agent is expected to use the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> for the 'width' property on the element,
+ with the value obtained from applying the <a href=#converting-a-character-width-to-pixels>converting a character width to pixels</a>
+ algorithm to the value of the attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>If an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is
+ in one of the above states does <em>not</em> have a <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>
+ attribute, then the user agent is expected to act as if it had a user-agent-level style sheet rule
+ setting the 'width' property on the element to the value obtained from applying the
+ <a href=#converting-a-character-width-to-pixels>converting a character width to pixels</a> algorithm to the number 20.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=converting-a-character-width-to-pixels>converting a character width to pixels</dfn> algorithm returns <span title="">(<var title="">size</var>-1)&times;<var title="">avg</var>&nbsp;+&nbsp;<var title="">max</var></span>,
+ where <var title="">size</var> is the character width to convert, <var title="">avg</var> is the
+ average character width of the primary font for the element for which the algorithm is being run,
+ in pixels, and <var title="">max</var> is the maximum character width of that same font, also in
+ pixels. (The element's 'letter-spacing' property does not affect the result.)</p>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-textfield</i> binding applies to an element, the 'line-height'
+ property, if it has a computed value equivalent to a value that is less than 1.0, must have a used
+ value of 1.0.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-input-element-as-domain-specific-widgets><span class=secno>14.5.5 </span>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element as domain-specific widgets</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+input[type=datetime i] { binding: <i title="">input-datetime</i>; }
+input[type=date i] { binding: <i title="">input-date</i>; }
+input[type=month i] { binding: <i title="">input-month</i>; }
+input[type=week i] { binding: <i title="">input-week</i>; }
+input[type=time i] { binding: <i title="">input-time</i>; }
+input[type=datetime-local i] { binding: <i title="">input-datetime-local</i>; }
+input[type=number i] { binding: <i title="">input-number</i>; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-datetime</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#date-and-time-state-(type=datetime)" title=attr-input-type-datetime>Date and Time</a> state, the element is expected to render as
+ an 'inline-block' box depicting a Date and Time control.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-date</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#date-state-(type=date)" title=attr-input-type-date>Date</a> state, the element is expected to render as an
+ 'inline-block' box depicting a Date control.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-month</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#month-state-(type=month)" title=attr-input-type-month>Month</a> state, the element is expected to render as an
+ 'inline-block' box depicting a Month control.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-week</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#week-state-(type=week)" title=attr-input-type-week>Week</a> state, the element is expected to render as an
+ 'inline-block' box depicting a Week control.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-time</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#time-state-(type=time)" title=attr-input-type-time>Time</a> state, the element is expected to render as an
+ 'inline-block' box depicting a Time control.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-datetime-local</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element
+ whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#local-date-and-time-state-(type=datetime-local)" title=attr-input-type-datetime-local>Local Date and Time</a> state, the element is expected
+ to render as an 'inline-block' box depicting a Local Date and Time control.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-number</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a> state, the element is expected to render as an
+ 'inline-block' box depicting a Number control.</p>
+
+ <p>These controls are all expected to be about one line high, and about as wide as necessary to
+ show the widest possible value.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-input-element-as-a-range-control><span class=secno>14.5.6 </span>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element as a range control</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+input[type=range i] { binding: <i title="">input-range</i>; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-range</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#range-state-(type=range)" title=attr-input-type-range>Range</a> state, the element is expected to render as an
+ 'inline-block' box depicting a slider control.</p>
+
+ <p>When the control is wider than it is tall (or square), the control is expected to be a
+ horizontal slider, with the lowest value on the right if the 'direction' property on this element
+ has a computed value of 'rtl', and on the left otherwise. When the control is taller than it is
+ wide, it is expected to be a vertical slider, with the lowest value on the bottom.</p>
+
+ <p>Predefined suggested values (provided by the <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>
+ attribute) are expected to be shown as tick marks on the slider, which the slider can snap to.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to use the used value of the 'direction' property on the element to
+ determine the direction in which the slider operates. Typically, a left-to-right ('ltr')
+ horizontal control would have the lowest value on the left and the highest value on the right, and
+ vice versa.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-input-element-as-a-color-well><span class=secno>14.5.7 </span>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element as a color well</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+input[type=color i] { binding: <i title="">input-color</i>; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-color</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#color-state-(type=color)" title=attr-input-type-color>Color</a> state, the element is expected to render as an
+ 'inline-block' box depicting a color well, which, when activated, provides the user with a color
+ picker (e.g. a color wheel or color palette) from which the color can be changed.</p>
+
+ <p>Predefined suggested values (provided by the <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>
+ attribute) are expected to be shown in the color picker interface, not on the color well
+ itself.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-input-element-as-a-checkbox-and-radio-button-widgets><span class=secno>14.5.8 </span>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element as a checkbox and radio button widgets</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+input[type=checkbox i] { binding: <i title="">input-checkbox</i>; }
+input[type=radio i] { binding: <i title="">input-radio</i>; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-checkbox</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#checkbox-state-(type=checkbox)" title=attr-input-type-checkbox>Checkbox</a> state, the element is expected to render as an
+ 'inline-block' box containing a single checkbox control, with no label.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-radio</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#radio-button-state-(type=radio)" title=attr-input-type-radio>Radio Button</a> state, the element is expected to render as an
+ 'inline-block' box containing a single radio button control, with no label.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-input-element-as-a-file-upload-control><span class=secno>14.5.9 </span>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element as a file upload control</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+input[type=file i] { binding: <i title="">input-file</i>; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-file</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)" title=attr-input-type-file>File Upload</a> state, the element is expected to render as an
+ 'inline-block' box containing a span of text giving the file name(s) of the <a href=#concept-input-type-file-selected title=concept-input-type-file-selected>selected files</a>, if any, followed by a button that,
+ when activated, provides the user with a file picker from which the selection can be changed.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-input-element-as-a-button><span class=secno>14.5.10 </span>The <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element as a button</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+input[type=submit i], input[type=reset i], input[type=button i] {
+ binding: <i title="">input-button</i>;
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">input-button</i> binding applies to an <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href="#submit-button-state-(type=submit)" title=attr-input-type-submit>Submit Button</a>, <a href="#reset-button-state-(type=reset)" title=attr-input-type-reset>Reset
+ Button</a>, or <a href="#button-state-(type=button)" title=attr-input-type-button>Button</a> state, the element is
+ expected to render as an 'inline-block' box rendered as a button, about one line high, containing
+ the contents of the element's <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code> attribute, if any, or
+ text derived from the element's <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in a
+ user-agent-defined (and probably locale-specific) fashion, if not.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-marquee-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.11 </span>The <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+marquee { binding: <i title="">marquee</i>; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">marquee</i> binding applies to a <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element, while the
+ element is <a href=#concept-marquee-on title=concept-marquee-on>turned on</a>, the element is expected to render in
+ an animated fashion according to its attributes as follows:</p>
+
+ <dl><dt>If the element's <code title=attr-marquee-behavior><a href=#attr-marquee-behavior>behavior</a></code> attribute is in the
+ <a href=#attr-marquee-behavior-scroll title=attr-marquee-behavior-scroll>scroll</a> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Slide the contents of the element in the direction described by the <code title=attr-marquee-direction><a href=#attr-marquee-direction>direction</a></code> attribute as defined below, such that it begins
+ off the start side of the <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>, and ends flush with the inner end side.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if the <code title=attr-marquee-direction><a href=#attr-marquee-direction>direction</a></code>
+ attribute is <a href=#attr-marquee-direction-left title=attr-marquee-direction-left>left</a> (the default), then the
+ contents would start such that their left edge are off the side of the right edge of the
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>'s content area, and the contents would then slide up to the point where the
+ left edge of the contents are flush with the left inner edge of the <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>'s
+ content area.</p>
+
+ <p>Once the animation has ended, the user agent is expected to <a href=#increment-the-marquee-current-loop-index>increment the marquee
+ current loop index</a>. If the element is still <a href=#concept-marquee-on title=concept-marquee-on>turned
+ on</a> after this, then the user agent is expected to restart the animation.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the element's <code title=attr-marquee-behavior><a href=#attr-marquee-behavior>behavior</a></code> attribute is in the
+ <a href=#attr-marquee-behavior-slide title=attr-marquee-behavior-slide>slide</a> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Slide the contents of the element in the direction described by the <code title=attr-marquee-direction><a href=#attr-marquee-direction>direction</a></code> attribute as defined below, such that it begins
+ off the start side of the <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>, and ends off the end side of the
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if the <code title=attr-marquee-direction><a href=#attr-marquee-direction>direction</a></code>
+ attribute is <a href=#attr-marquee-direction-left title=attr-marquee-direction-left>left</a> (the default), then the
+ contents would start such that their left edge are off the side of the right edge of the
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>'s content area, and the contents would then slide up to the point where the
+ <em>right</em> edge of the contents are flush with the left inner edge of the
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>'s content area.</p>
+
+ <p>Once the animation has ended, the user agent is expected to <a href=#increment-the-marquee-current-loop-index>increment the marquee
+ current loop index</a>. If the element is still <a href=#concept-marquee-on title=concept-marquee-on>turned
+ on</a> after this, then the user agent is expected to restart the animation.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>If the element's <code title=attr-marquee-behavior><a href=#attr-marquee-behavior>behavior</a></code> attribute is in the
+ <a href=#attr-marquee-behavior-alternate title=attr-marquee-behavior-alternate>alternate</a> state</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>When the <a href=#marquee-current-loop-index>marquee current loop index</a> is even (or zero), slide the contents of the
+ element in the direction described by the <code title=attr-marquee-direction><a href=#attr-marquee-direction>direction</a></code>
+ attribute as defined below, such that it begins flush with the start side of the
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>, and ends flush with the end side of the <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <a href=#marquee-current-loop-index>marquee current loop index</a> is odd, slide the contents of the element in
+ the opposite direction than that described by the <code title=attr-marquee-direction><a href=#attr-marquee-direction>direction</a></code> attribute as defined below, such that it begins
+ flush with the end side of the <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>, and ends flush with the start side of the
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, if the <code title=attr-marquee-direction><a href=#attr-marquee-direction>direction</a></code>
+ attribute is <a href=#attr-marquee-direction-left title=attr-marquee-direction-left>left</a> (the default), then the
+ contents would with their right edge flush with the right inner edge of the
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>'s content area, and the contents would then slide up to the point where the
+ <em>left</em> edge of the contents are flush with the left inner edge of the
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>'s content area.</p>
+
+ <p>Once the animation has ended, the user agent is expected to <a href=#increment-the-marquee-current-loop-index>increment the marquee
+ current loop index</a>. If the element is still <a href=#concept-marquee-on title=concept-marquee-on>turned
+ on</a> after this, then the user agent is expected to continue the animation.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><p>The <code title=attr-marquee-direction><a href=#attr-marquee-direction>direction</a></code> attribute has the meanings described
+ in the following table:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><code title=attr-marquee-direction><a href=#attr-marquee-direction>direction</a></code> attribute state
+ <th>Direction of animation
+ <th>Start edge
+ <th>End edge
+ <th>Opposite direction
+ <tbody><tr><td><a href=#attr-marquee-direction-left title=attr-marquee-direction-left>left</a>
+ <td>&slarr; Right to left
+ <td>Right
+ <td>Left
+ <td>&srarr; Left to Right
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-marquee-direction-right title=attr-marquee-direction-right>right</a>
+ <td>&srarr; Left to Right
+ <td>Left
+ <td>Right
+ <td>&slarr; Right to left
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-marquee-direction-up title=attr-marquee-direction-up>up</a>
+ <td>&uparrow; Up (Bottom to Top)
+ <td>Bottom
+ <td>Top
+ <td>&downarrow; Down (Top to Bottom)
+ <tr><td><a href=#attr-marquee-direction-down title=attr-marquee-direction-down>down</a>
+ <td>&downarrow; Down (Top to Bottom)
+ <td>Top
+ <td>Bottom
+ <td>&uparrow; Up (Bottom to Top)
+ </table><p>In any case, the animation should proceed such that there is a delay given by the <a href=#marquee-scroll-interval>marquee
+ scroll interval</a> between each frame, and such that the content moves at most the distance
+ given by the <a href=#marquee-scroll-distance>marquee scroll distance</a> with each frame.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element has a <code title=attr-marquee-bgcolor>bgcolor</code>
+ attribute set, the value is expected to be parsed using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value>rules for parsing a legacy color
+ value</a>, and if that does not return an error, the user agent is expected to treat the
+ attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's
+ 'background-color' property to the resulting color.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-marquee-width>width</code> and <code title=attr-marquee-height>height</code> attributes on a <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property title="maps to the dimension property">map to the dimension properties</a> 'width' and 'height'
+ on the element respectively.</p>
+
+ <p>The intrinsic height of a <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element with its <code title=attr-marquee-direction><a href=#attr-marquee-direction>direction</a></code> attribute in the <a href=#attr-marquee-direction-up title=attr-marquee-direction-up>up</a> or <a href=#attr-marquee-direction-down title=attr-marquee-direction-down>down</a> states is 200 CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=attr-marquee-vspace>vspace</code> attribute of a <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element
+ <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property title="maps to the dimension property">maps to the dimension properties</a> 'margin-top'
+ and 'margin-bottom' on the element. The <code title=attr-marquee-hspace>hspace</code> attribute
+ of a <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element <a href=#maps-to-the-dimension-property title="maps to the dimension property">maps to the
+ dimension properties</a> 'margin-left' and 'margin-right' on the element.</p>
+
+ <p>The 'overflow' property on the <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element is expected to be ignored; overflow
+ is expected to always be hidden.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-meter-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.12 </span>The <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+meter { binding: <i title="">meter</i>; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">meter</i> binding applies to a <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element, the element is
+ expected to render as an 'inline-block' box with a 'height' of '1em' and a 'width' of '5em', a
+ 'vertical-align' of '-0.2em', and with its contents depicting a gauge.</p>
+
+ <p>When the element is wider than it is tall (or square), the depiction is expected to be of a
+ horizontal gauge, with the minimum value on the right if the 'direction' property on this element
+ has a computed value of 'rtl', and on the left otherwise. When the element is taller than it is
+ wide, it is expected to depict a vertical gauge, with the minimum value on the bottom.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to use a presentation consistent with platform conventions for gauges,
+ if any.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Requirements for what must be depicted in the gauge are included in the definition
+ of the <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-progress-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.13 </span>The <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> element</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+progress { binding: <i title="">progress</i>; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">progress</i> binding applies to a <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> element, the
+ element is expected to render as an 'inline-block' box with a 'height' of '1em' and a 'width' of
+ '10em', and a 'vertical-align' of '-0.2em'.</p>
+
+ <!-- http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/canvas/?c.clearRect(0%2C%200%2C%20640%2C%20480)%3B%0Ac.save()%3B%0Atry%20{%0A%20%20c.fillStyle%20%3D%20'black'%3B%0A%20%20c.font%20%3D%20'8px%20sans-serif'%3B%0A%20%20c.fillText('Wide'%2C%2043%2C105)%3B%0A%20%20c.fillText('Tall'%2C%20100%2C105)%3B%0A%20%20c.fillText('Square'%2C%20128%2C105)%3B%0A%20%20c.font%20%3D%20'700%2010px%20sans-serif'%3B%0A%20%20c.fillText('Progress%20Bars'%2C%2013%2C30)%3B%0A%20%20c.font%20%3D%20'100%2010px%20sans-serif'%3B%0A%20%20c.fillText('(80%25)'%2C%2037%2C45)%3B%0A%20%20c.beginPath()%3B%0A%20%20var%20g%20%3D%20c.createLinearGradient(10%2C0%2C80%2C0)%3B%0A%20%20g.addColorStop(0%2C%20'%2300FF00')%3B%0A%20%20g.addColorStop(0.8%2C%20'%2300FF00')%3B%0A%20%20g.addColorStop(0.9%2C%20'%23FFFF00')%3B%0A%20%20c.fillStyle%20%3D%20g%3B%0A%20%20c.rect(10%2C80%2C80%2C15)%3B%0A%20%20c.fill()%3B%0A%20%20c.strokeStyle%20%3D%20'black'%3B%0A%20%20c.stroke()%3B%0A%20%20c.beginPath()%3B%0A%20%20var%20g%20%3D%20c.createLinearGradient(0%2C80%2C0%2C20)%3B%0A%20%20g.addColorStop(0%2C%20'%2300FF00')%3B%0A%20%20g.addColorStop(0.75%2C%20'%2300FF00')%3B%0A%20%20g.addColorStop(0.85%2C%20'%23FFFF00')%3B%0A%20%20c.fillStyle%20%3D%20g%3B%0A%20%20c.rect(100%2C15%2C15%2C80)%3B%0A%20%20c.fill()%3B%0A%20%20c.strokeStyle%20%3D%20'black'%3B%0A%20%20c.stroke()%3B%0A%0A%20%20c.beginPath()%3B%0A%20%20c.fillStyle%20%3D%20'yellow'%3B%0A%20%20c.arc(140%2C80%2C15%2C0%2C2*Math.PI%2C%20true)%3B%0A%20%20c.fill()%3B%0A%20%20c.beginPath()%3B%0A%20%20c.fillStyle%20%3D%20'lime'%3B%0A%20%20c.moveTo(140%2C80)%3B%0A%20%20c.arc(140%2C80%2C15%2C-Math.PI%2F2%2C1.2*Math.PI%2C%20false)%3B%0A%20%20c.fill()%3B%0A%20%20c.beginPath()%3B%0A%20%20c.arc(140%2C80%2C15%2C0%2C2*Math.PI%2C%20true)%3B%0A%20%20c.strokeStyle%20%3D%20'black'%3B%0A%20%20c.stroke()%3B%0A}%20finally%20{%0A%20%20c.restore()%3B%0A}%0A -->
+
+ <p> <img src=http://images.whatwg.org/sample-progress.png width=157 class=extra alt="" height=103> When the
+ element is wider than it is tall, the element is expected to be depicted as a horizontal progress
+ bar, with the start on the right and the end on the left if the 'direction' property on this
+ element has a computed value of 'rtl', and with the start on the left and the end on the right
+ otherwise. When the element is taller than it is wide, it is expected to depicted as a vertical
+ progress bar, with the lowest value on the bottom. When the element is square, it is expected to
+ be depicted as a direction-independent progress widget (e.g. a circular progress ring).</p>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to use a presentation consistent with platform conventions for
+ progress bars. In particular, user agents are expected to use different presentations for
+ determinate and indeterminate progress bars. User agents are also expected to vary the
+ presentation based on the dimensions of the element.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, on some platforms for showing indeterminate progress there is an
+ asynchronous progress indicator with square dimensions, which could be used when the element is
+ square, and an indeterminate progress bar, which could be used when the element is wide.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>Requirements for how to determine if the progress bar is determinate or
+ indeterminate, and what progress a determinate progress bar is to show, are included in the
+ definition of the <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-select-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.14 </span>The <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+select { binding: <i title="">select</i>; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">select</i> binding applies to a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is present, the element is expected to
+ render as a multi-select list box.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">select</i> binding applies to a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is absent, and the element's <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> is greater than 1, the element is expected to
+ render as a single-select list box.</p>
+
+ <p>When the element renders as a list box, it is expected to render as an 'inline-block' box whose
+ 'height' is the height necessary to contain as many rows for items as given by the element's <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a>, or four rows if the attribute is absent, and
+ whose 'width' is the <a href="#width-of-the-select's-labels">width of the <code>select</code>'s labels</a> plus the width of a
+ scrollbar.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">select</i> binding applies to a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code> attribute is absent, and the element's <a href=#concept-select-size title=concept-select-size>display size</a> is 1, the element is expected to render as a
+ one-line drop down box whose width is the <a href="#width-of-the-select's-labels">width of the <code>select</code>'s
+ labels</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>In either case (list box or drop-down box), the element's items are expected to be the
+ element's <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of options</a>, with the element's
+ <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element children providing headers for groups of options where
+ applicable.</p>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element is expected to be rendered by displaying the element's <code title=attr-optgroup-label><a href=#attr-optgroup-label>label</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>An <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element is expected to be rendered by displaying the element's <a href=#concept-option-label title=concept-option-label>label</a>, indented under its <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code> element if it
+ has one.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id="width-of-the-select's-labels">width of the <code>select</code>'s labels</dfn> is the wider of the width necessary to
+ render the widest <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code>, and the width necessary to render the widest
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> element in the element's <a href=#concept-select-option-list title=concept-select-option-list>list of
+ options</a> (including its indent, if any).</p>
+
+ <p>If a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element contains a <a href=#placeholder-label-option>placeholder label option</a>, the user
+ agent is expected to render that <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> in a manner that conveys that it is a label,
+ rather than a valid option of the control. This can include preventing the <a href=#placeholder-label-option>placeholder label
+ option</a> from being explicitly selected by the user. When the <a href=#placeholder-label-option>placeholder label
+ option</a>'s <a href=#concept-option-selectedness title=concept-option-selectedness>selectedness</a> is true, the control
+ is expected to be displayed in a fashion that indicates that no valid option is currently
+ selected.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to render the labels in a <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> in such a manner that
+ any alignment remains consistent whether the label is being displayed as part of the page or in a
+ menu control.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-textarea-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.15 </span>The <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+textarea { binding: <i title="">textarea</i>; white-space: pre-wrap; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">textarea</i> binding applies to a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element, the
+ element is expected to render as an 'inline-block' box rendered as a multiline text field. If this
+ text field provides a selection, then, when the user changes the currect selection in such a
+ binding, the user agent is expected to <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple
+ event</a> that bubbles named <code title=event-select><a href=#event-select>select</a></code> at the element, using
+ the <a href=#user-interaction-task-source>user interaction task source</a> as the task source.</p>
+
+ <p>If the element has a <code title=attr-textarea-cols><a href=#attr-textarea-cols>cols</a></code> attribute, and parsing that
+ attribute's value using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> doesn't generate
+ an error, then the user agent is expected to use the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational
+ hints">presentational hint</a> for the 'width' property on the element, with the value being
+ the <a href=#textarea-effective-width>textarea effective width</a> (as defined below). Otherwise, the user agent is
+ expected to act as if it had a user-agent-level style sheet rule setting the 'width' property on
+ the element to the <a href=#textarea-effective-width>textarea effective width</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=textarea-effective-width>textarea effective width</dfn> of a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element is <span title=""><var title="">size</var>&times;<var title="">avg</var>&nbsp;+&nbsp;<var title="">sbw</var></span>, where <var title="">size</var> is the element's <a href=#attr-textarea-cols-value title=attr-textarea-cols-value>character width</a>, <var title="">avg</var> is the average
+ character width of the primary font of the element, in CSS pixels, and <var title="">sbw</var> is
+ the width of a scroll bar, in CSS pixels. (The element's 'letter-spacing' property does not affect
+ the result.)</p>
+
+ <p>If the element has a <code title=attr-textarea-rows><a href=#attr-textarea-rows>rows</a></code> attribute, and parsing that
+ attribute's value using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> doesn't generate
+ an error, then the user agent is expected to use the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational
+ hints">presentational hint</a> for the 'height' property on the element, with the value being
+ the <a href=#textarea-effective-height>textarea effective height</a> (as defined below). Otherwise, the user agent is
+ expected to act as if it had a user-agent-level style sheet rule setting the 'height' property on
+ the element to the <a href=#textarea-effective-height>textarea effective height</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=textarea-effective-height>textarea effective height</dfn> of a <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> element is the height in
+ CSS pixels of the number of lines specified the element's <a href=#attr-textarea-rows-value title=attr-textarea-rows-value>character height</a>, plus the height of a scrollbar in CSS
+ pixels.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to apply the 'white-space' CSS property to <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ elements. For historical reasons, if the element has a <code title=attr-textarea-wrap><a href=#attr-textarea-wrap>wrap</a></code> attribute whose value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title=attr-textarea-wrap-off>off</code>",
+ then the user agent is expected to treat the attribute as a <a href=#presentational-hints title="presentational
+ hints">presentational hint</a> setting the element's 'white-space' property to 'pre'.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=the-keygen-element-0><span class=secno>14.5.16 </span>The <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code> element</h4>
+
+ <pre class=css>@namespace url(http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml);
+
+keygen { binding: <i title="">keygen</i>; }</pre>
+
+ <p>When the <i title="">keygen</i> binding applies to a <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code> element, the element
+ is expected to render as an 'inline-block' box containing a user interface to configure the key
+ pair to be generated.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h3 id=frames-and-framesets><span class=secno>14.6 </span>Frames and framesets</h3>
+
+ <p>User agent are expected to render <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> elements as a box with the height and
+ width of the viewport, with a surface rendered according to the following layout algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>The <var title="">cols</var> and <var title="">rows</var> variables are lists of zero or more
+ pairs consisting of a number and a unit, the unit being one of <i>percentage</i>,
+ <i>relative</i>, and <i>absolute</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Use the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-list-of-dimensions>rules for parsing a list of dimensions</a> to parse the value of the
+ element's <code title=attr-frameset-cols>cols</code> attribute, if there is one. Let <var title="">cols</var> be the result, or an empty list if there is no such attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Use the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-list-of-dimensions>rules for parsing a list of dimensions</a> to parse the value of the
+ element's <code title=attr-frameset-rows>rows</code> attribute, if there is one. Let <var title="">rows</var> be the result, or an empty list if there is no such attribute.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For any of the entries in <var title="">cols</var> or <var title="">rows</var> that have the
+ number zero and the unit <i>relative</i>, change the entry's number to one.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">cols</var> has no entries, then add a single entry consisting of the value 1
+ and the unit <i>relative</i> to <var title="">cols</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">rows</var> has no entries, then add a single entry consisting of the value 1
+ and the unit <i>relative</i> to <var title="">rows</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Invoke the algorithm defined below to <a href=#convert-a-list-of-dimensions-to-a-list-of-pixel-values>convert a list of dimensions to a list of pixel
+ values</a> using <var title="">cols</var> as the input list, and the width of the surface
+ that the <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> is being rendered into, in CSS pixels, as the input dimension.
+ Let <var title="">sized cols</var> be the resulting list.</p>
+
+ <p>Invoke the algorithm defined below to <a href=#convert-a-list-of-dimensions-to-a-list-of-pixel-values>convert a list of dimensions to a list of pixel
+ values</a> using <var title="">rows</var> as the input list, and the height of the surface
+ that the <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> is being rendered into, in CSS pixels, as the input dimension.
+ Let <var title="">sized rows</var> be the resulting list.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Split the surface into a grid of <span title=""><var title="">w</var>&times;<var title="">h</var></span> rectangles, where <var title="">w</var> is the number of entries in <var title="">sized cols</var> and <var title="">h</var> is the number of entries in <var title="">sized rows</var>.</p>
+
+ <p>Size the columns so that each column in the grid is as many CSS pixels wide as the
+ corresponding entry in the <var title="">sized cols</var> list.</p>
+
+ <p>Size the rows so that each row in the grid is as many CSS pixels high as the corresponding
+ entry in the <var title="">sized rows</var> list.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">children</var> be the list of <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> and <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code>
+ elements that are children of the <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element for which the algorithm was
+ invoked.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each row of the grid of rectangles created in the previous step, from top to bottom, run
+ these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>For each rectangle in the row, from left to right, run these substeps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If there are any elements left in <var title="">children</var>, take the first element in
+ the list, and assign it to the rectangle.</p>
+
+ <p>If this is a <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element, then recurse the entire <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code>
+ layout algorithm for that <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element, with the rectangle as the
+ surface.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, it is a <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element; render its <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing
+ context</a>, positoned and sized to fit the rectangle.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If there are any elements left in <var title="">children</var>, remove the first element
+ from <var title="">children</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element <a href=#has-a-border>has a border</a>, draw an outer set of borders
+ around the rectangles, using the element's <a href=#frame-border-color>frame border color</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For each rectangle, if there is an element assigned to that rectangle, and that element
+ <a href=#has-a-border>has a border</a>, draw an inner set of borders around that rectangle, using the
+ element's <a href=#frame-border-color>frame border color</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For each (visible) border that does not abut a rectangle that is assigned a
+ <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element with a <code title=attr-frame-noresize>noresize</code> attribute
+ (including rectangles in further nested <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> elements), the user agent is
+ expected to allow the user to move the border, resizing the rectangles within, keeping the
+ proportions of any nested <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> grids.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> or <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element <dfn id=has-a-border>has a border</dfn> if the
+ following algorithm returns true:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element has a <code title=attr-frames-frameborder>frameborder</code> attribute
+ whose value is not the empty string and whose first character is either a U+0031 DIGIT ONE (1)
+ character, a U+0079 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y character (y), or a U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y
+ character (Y), then return true.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the element has a <code title=attr-frames-frameborder>frameborder</code>
+ attribute, return false.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the element has a parent element that is a <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element,
+ then return true if <em>that</em> element <a href=#has-a-border>has a border</a>, and false if it does
+ not.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, return true.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>The <dfn id=frame-border-color>frame border color</dfn> of a <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> or <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element is
+ the color obtained from the following algorithm:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element has a <code title=attr-frames-bordercolor>bordercolor</code> attribute,
+ and applying the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-a-legacy-color-value>rules for parsing a legacy color value</a> to that attribute's value
+ does not result in an error, then return the color so obtained.</li>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, if the element has a parent element that is a <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element,
+ then return the <a href=#frame-border-color>frame border color</a> of that element.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Otherwise, return gray.</li>
+
+ </ol></li>
+
+ </ol><p>The algorithm to <dfn id=convert-a-list-of-dimensions-to-a-list-of-pixel-values>convert a list of dimensions to a list of pixel values</dfn> consists of
+ the following steps:</p>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">input list</var> be the list of numbers and units passed to the
+ algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">output list</var> be a list of numbers the same length as <var title="">input list</var>, all zero.</p>
+
+ <p>Entries in <var title="">output list</var> correspond to the entries in <var title="">input
+ list</var> that have the same position.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Let <var title="">input dimension</var> be the size passed to the algorithm.</p>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">count percentage</var> be the number of entries in <var title="">input
+ list</var> whose unit is <i>percentage</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">total percentage</var> be the sum of all the numbers in <var title="">input
+ list</var> whose unit is <i>percentage</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">count relative</var> be the number of entries in <var title="">input
+ list</var> whose unit is <i>relative</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">total relative</var> be the sum of all the numbers in <var title="">input
+ list</var> whose unit is <i>relative</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">count absolute</var> be the number of entries in <var title="">input
+ list</var> whose unit is <i>absolute</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">total absolute</var> be the sum of all the numbers in <var title="">input
+ list</var> whose unit is <i>absolute</i>.</p>
+
+ <p>Let <var title="">remaining space</var> be the value of <var title="">input
+ dimension</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">total absolute</var> is greater than <var title="">remaining space</var>,
+ then for each entry in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is <i>absolute</i>, set the
+ corresponding value in <var title="">output list</var> to the number of the entry in <var title="">input list</var> multiplied by <var title="">remaining space</var> and divided by <var title="">total absolute</var>. Then, set <var title="">remaining space</var> to zero.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, for each entry in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is <i>absolute</i>,
+ set the corresponding value in <var title="">output list</var> to the number of the entry in
+ <var title="">input list</var>. Then, decrement <var title="">remaining space</var> by <var title="">total absolute</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If <var title="">total percentage</var> multiplied by the <var title="">input dimension</var>
+ and divided by 100 is greater than <var title="">remaining space</var>, then for each entry in
+ <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is <i>percentage</i>, set the corresponding value in
+ <var title="">output list</var> to the number of the entry in <var title="">input list</var>
+ multiplied by <var title="">remaining space</var> and divided by <var title="">total
+ percentage</var>. Then, set <var title="">remaining space</var> to zero.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, for each entry in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is <i>percentage</i>,
+ set the corresponding value in <var title="">output list</var> to the number of the entry in
+ <var title="">input list</var> multiplied by the <var title="">input dimension</var> and divided
+ by 100. Then, decrement <var title="">remaining space</var> by <var title="">total
+ percentage</var> multiplied by the <var title="">input dimension</var> and divided by 100.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>For each entry in <var title="">input list</var> whose unit is <i>relative</i>, set the
+ corresponding value in <var title="">output list</var> to the number of the entry in <var title="">input list</var> multiplied by <var title="">remaining space</var> and divided by <var title="">total relative</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Return <var title="">output list</var>.</li>
+
+ </ol><p>User agents working with integer values for frame widths (as opposed to user agents that can
+ lay frames out with subpixel accuracy) are expected to distribute the remainder first to the last
+ entry whose unit is <i>relative</i>, then equally (not proportionally) to each entry whose unit is
+ <i>percentage</i>, then equally (not proportionally) to each entry whose unit is <i>absolute</i>,
+ and finally, failing all else, to the last entry.</p>
+
+ <hr><!--
+ <p>The user agent is expected to force the 'display' property of <code>frame</code> elements to
+ 'block', the 'height' property of <code>frame</code> elements to 0, and the 'width' property of
+ <code>frame</code> elements to 0, irrespective of CSS rules. (This only matters for when a
+ <code>frame</code> element is rendered outside a <code>frameset</code>.)</p>
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2722 - as of Jan 2014, Chrome did this, but Firefox did not
+--><p>The contents of a <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element that does not have a <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> parent
+ are expected to be rendered as transparent black; the user agent is expected to not render the
+ <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> in this case, and that <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>
+ is expected to have a viewport with zero width and zero height.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h3 id=interactive-media><span class=secno>14.7 </span>Interactive media</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=links,-forms,-and-navigation><span class=secno>14.7.1 </span>Links, forms, and navigation</h4>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to allow the user to control aspects of <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>
+ activation and <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>, such as which <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is to be
+ used for the subsequent <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to allow users to discover the destination of <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a> and of <a href=#the-form-element title=form>forms</a> before triggering their
+ <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to inform the user of whether a <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> includes
+ <a href=#hyperlink-auditing>hyperlink auditing</a>, and to let them know at a minimum which domains will be contacted
+ as part of such auditing.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may allow users to <a href=#navigate>navigate</a><!--DONAV cite=""--> <a href=#browsing-context title="browsing
+ context">browsing contexts</a> to the resources <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">indicated</a> by
+ the <code title="">cite</code> attributes on <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents may surface <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a> created by <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>
+ elements in their user interface.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>While <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements that create <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a> will match the ':link' or ':visited' pseudo-classes, will
+ react to clicks if visible, and so forth, this does not extend to any browser interface constructs
+ that expose those same links. Activating a link through the browser's interface, rather than in
+ the page itself, does not trigger <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> events and the like.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-title-attribute-0><span class=secno>14.7.2 </span>The <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute</h4>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to expose the <a href=#advisory-information>advisory information</a> of elements upon user
+ request, and to make the user aware of the presence of such information.</p>
+
+ <p>On interactive graphical systems where the user can use a pointing device, this could take the
+ form of a tooltip. When the user is unable to use a pointing device, then the user agent is
+ expected to make the content available in some other fashion, e.g. by making the element a
+ <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> and always displaying the <a href=#advisory-information>advisory information</a> of the currently
+ <a href=#focused>focused</a> element, or by showing the <a href=#advisory-information>advisory information</a> of the elements
+ under the user's finger on a touch device as the user pans around the screen.</p>
+
+ <p>U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters are expected to cause line breaks in the tooltip; U+0009
+ CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) characters are expected to render as a non-zero horizontal shift that
+ lines up the next glyph with the next tab stop, with tab stops occurring at points that are
+ multiples of 8 times the width of a U+0020 SPACE character.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, a visual user agent could make elements with a <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute <a href=#focusable-area title="focusable area">focusable</a>, and could make any <a href=#focused>focused</a> element with a
+ <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute show its tooltip under the element while the
+ element has focus. This would allow a user to tab around the document to find all the advisory
+ text.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>As another example, a screen reader could provide an audio cue when reading an element with a
+ tooltip, with an associated key to read the last tooltip for which a cue was played.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h4 id=editing-hosts><span class=secno>14.7.3 </span>Editing hosts</h4>
+
+ <p>The current text editing caret (i.e. the <a href=#active-range>active range</a>, if it is empty and in an
+ <a href=#editing-host>editing host</a>), if any, is expected to act like an inline replaced element with the
+ vertical dimensions of the caret and with zero width for the purposes of the CSS rendering
+ model.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>This means that even an empty block can have the caret inside it, and that when
+ the caret is in such an element, it prevents margins from collapsing through the element.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=text-rendered-in-native-user-interfaces><span class=secno>14.7.4 </span>Text rendered in native user interfaces</h4>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to honor the Unicode semantics of text that is exposed in user
+ interfaces, for example supporting the bidirectional algorithm in text shown in dialogs, title
+ bars, pop-up menus, and tooltips. Text from the contents of elements is expected to be rendered in
+ a manner that honors <a href=#the-directionality>the directionality</a> of the element from which the text was
+ obtained. Text from attributes is expected to be rendered in a manner that honours the
+ <a href=#directionality-of-the-attribute>directionality of the attribute</a>.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Consider the following markup, which has Hebrew text asking for a programming language, the
+ languages being text for which a left-to-right direction is important given the punctuation in
+ some of their names:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;p dir="rtl" lang="he"&gt;
+ &lt;label&gt;
+ <span dir=rtl lang=he title="">&#x5d1;&#x5d7;&#x5e8; &#x5e9;&#x5e4;&#x5ea; &#x5ea;&#x5db;&#x5e0;&#x5d5;&#x5ea;:</span>
+ &lt;select&gt;
+ &lt;option dir="ltr"&gt;C++&lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option dir="ltr"&gt;C#&lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option dir="ltr"&gt;FreePascal&lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;option dir="ltr"&gt;F#&lt;/option&gt;
+ &lt;/select&gt;
+ &lt;/label&gt;
+&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>If the <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code> element was rendered as a drop down box, a correct rendering would
+ ensure that the punctuation was the same both in the drop down, and in the box showing the
+ current selection.</p>
+
+ <p><img src=http://images.whatwg.org/bidiselect.png width=206 alt="" height=105></p> <!-- no need for alt
+ text, the previous paragraph describes it completely -->
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>The directionality of attributes depends on the attribute and on the element's <code title=attr-dir><a href=#the-dir-attribute>dir</a></code> attribute, as the following example demonstrates. Consider this
+ markup:</p>
+
+ <pre><bdo dir=ltr>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th abbr="(&#x5d0;" dir=ltr&gt;A
+ &lt;th abbr="(&#x5d0;" dir=rtl&gt;A
+ &lt;th abbr="(&#x5d0;" dir=auto&gt;A
+&lt;/table&gt;</bdo></pre>
+
+ <p>If the <code title=attr-th-abbr><a href=#attr-th-abbr>abbr</a></code> attributes are rendered, e.g. in a tooltip or
+ other user interface, the first will have a left parenthesis (because the direction is 'ltr'),
+ the second will have a right parenthesis (because the direction is 'rtl'), and the third will
+ have a right parenthesis (because the direction is determined <em>from the attribute value</em>
+ to be 'rtl').</p>
+
+ <p>However, if instead the attribute was not a <a href=#directionality-capable-attribute>directionality-capable attribute</a>, the
+ results would be different:</p>
+
+ <pre><bdo dir=ltr>&lt;table&gt;
+ &lt;tr&gt;
+ &lt;th data-abbr="(&#x5d0;" dir=ltr&gt;A
+ &lt;th data-abbr="(&#x5d0;" dir=rtl&gt;A
+ &lt;th data-abbr="(&#x5d0;" dir=auto&gt;A
+&lt;/table&gt;</bdo></pre>
+
+ <p>In this case, if the user agent were to expose the <code title="">data-abbr</code> attribute
+ in the user interface (e.g. in a debugging environment), the last case would be rendered with a
+ <em>left</em> parenthesis, because the direction would be determined from the element's
+ contents.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>A string provided by a script (e.g. the argument to <code title=dom-alert><a href=#dom-alert>window.alert()</a></code>) is expected to be treated as an independent set of one or
+ more bidirectional algorithm paragraphs when displayed, as defined by the bidirectional algorithm,
+ including, for instance, supporting the paragraph-breaking behaviour of U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
+ characters. For the purposes of determining the paragraph level of such text in the bidirectional
+ algorithm, this specification does <em>not</em> provide a higher-level override of rules P2 and
+ P3. <a href=#refsBIDI>[BIDI]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When necessary, authors can enforce a particular direction for a given paragraph by starting it
+ with the Unicode U+200E LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK or U+200F RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK characters.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>Thus, the following script:</p>
+
+ <pre>alert('\u05DC\u05DE\u05D3 HTML \u05D4\u05D9\u05D5\u05DD!')</pre>
+
+ <p>...would always result in a message reading
+ "<bdo dir=rtl lang="" title="">&#x5dc;&#x5de;&#x5d3;&nbsp;LMTH&nbsp;&#x5d4;&#x5d9;&#x5d5;&#x5dd;!</bdo>"
+ (not "<bdo dir=ltr lang="" title="">&#x5d3;&#x5de;&#x5dc;&nbsp;HTML&nbsp;&#x5dd;&#x5d5;&#x5d9;&#x5d4;!</bdo>"),
+ regardless of the language of the user agent interface or the
+ direction of the page or any of its elements.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For a more complex example, consider the following script:</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>/* Warning: this script does not handle right-to-left scripts correctly */
+var s;
+if (s = prompt('What is your name?')) {
+ alert(s + '! Ok, Fred, ' + s + ', and Wilma will get the car.');
+}</pre>
+
+ <p>When the user enters "<kbd>Kitty</kbd>", the user agent would alert "<samp>Kitty! Ok, Fred,
+ Kitty, and Wilma will get the car.</samp>". However, if the user enters "<kbd dir=rtl lang=ar>&#x644;&#x627;&nbsp;&#x623;&#x641;&#x647;&#x645;</kbd>", then the bidirectional
+ algorithm will determine that the direction of the paragraph is right-to-left, and so the output
+ will be the following unintended mess: "<samp lang=""><bdo dir=rtl>&#x644;&#x627;&nbsp;&#x623;&#x641;&#x647;&#x645;!&nbsp;derF&nbsp;,kO,&nbsp;&#x644;&#x627;&nbsp;&#x623;&#x641;&#x647;&#x645;,&nbsp;rac&nbsp;eht&nbsp;teg&nbsp;lliw&nbsp;amliW&nbsp;dna.</bdo></samp>"</p>
+
+ <p>To force an alert that starts with user-provided text (or other text of unknown
+ directionality) to render left-to-right, the string can be prefixed with a U+200E LEFT-TO-RIGHT
+ MARK character:</p>
+
+ <pre>var s;
+if (s = prompt('What is your name?')) {
+ alert('<strong>\u200E</strong>' + s + '! Ok, Fred, ' + s + ', and Wilma will get the car.');
+}</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=print-media><span class=secno>14.8 </span>Print media</h3>
+
+ <p>User agents are expected to allow the user to request the opportunity to <dfn id=obtain-a-physical-form>obtain a physical
+ form</dfn> (or a representation of a physical form) of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>. For example,
+ selecting the option to print a page or convert it to PDF format. <a href=#refsPDF>[PDF]</a></p>
+
+ <p>When the user actually <a href=#obtain-a-physical-form title="obtain a physical form">obtains a physical form</a> (or
+ a representation of a physical form) of a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, the user agent is expected to
+ create a new rendering of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> for the print media.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=unstyled-xml-documents><span class=secno>14.9 </span>Unstyled XML documents</h3>
+
+ <!-- http://hixie.ch/tests/evil/xml/ -->
+
+ <p>HTML user agents may, in certain circumstances, find themselves rendering non-HTML documents
+ that use vocabularies for which they lack any built-in knowledge. This section provides for a way
+ for user agents to handle such documents in a somewhat useful manner.</p>
+
+ <p>While a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is an <a href=#unstyled-document>unstyled document</a>, the user agent is expected
+ to render <a href=#an-unstyled-document-view>an unstyled document view</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is an <dfn id=unstyled-document>unstyled document</dfn> while it matches the following
+ conditions:</p>
+
+ <ul><li>The <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has no author style sheets (whether referenced by HTTP headers, processing instructions, elements like <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>, inline elements like <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>, or any other mechanism).
+ <li>None of the elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> have any <a href=#presentational-hints>presentational hints</a>.
+ <li>None of the elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> have any <a href=#css-styling-attribute title="CSS styling attribute">CSS styling attributes</a>.
+ <li>None of the elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> are in any of the following namespaces: <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>, <a href=#svg-namespace>SVG namespace</a>, <a href=#mathml-namespace>MathML namespace</a>
+ <li>The <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has no <i><a href=#focusable-area>focusable area</a></i> (e.g. from XLink) other than the viewport.
+ <li>The <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> has no <a href=#hyperlink title=hyperlink>hyperlinks</a> (e.g. from XLink).
+ <li>There exists no <a href=#concept-script title=concept-script>script</a> whose <a href=#settings-object>settings object</a> specifies this <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> as the <a href=#responsible-document>responsible document</a>.
+ <li>None of the elements in the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> have any registered event listeners.
+ </ul><p><dfn id=an-unstyled-document-view>An unstyled document view</dfn> is one where the DOM is not rendered according to CSS
+ (which would, since there are no applicable styles in this context, just result in a wall of
+ text), but is instead rendered in a manner that is useful for a developer. This could consist of
+ just showing the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object's source, maybe with syntax highlighting, or it
+ could consist of displaying just the DOM tree, or simply a message saying that the page is not a
+ styled document.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>If a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> stops being an <a href=#unstyled-document>unstyled document</a>, then the
+ conditions above stop applying, and thus a user agent following these requirements will switch to
+ using the regular CSS rendering.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+
+ <h2 id=obsolete><span class=secno>15 </span>Obsolete features</h2>
+
+ <h3 id=obsolete-but-conforming-features><span class=secno>15.1 </span>Obsolete but conforming features</h3>
+
+ <p>Features listed in this section will trigger warnings in conformance checkers.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors should not specify a <code title=attr-img-border><a href=#attr-img-border>border</a></code> attribute on an
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element. If the attribute is present, its value must be the string "<code title="">0</code>". CSS should be used instead.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors should not specify a <code title=attr-script-language><a href=#attr-script-language>language</a></code> attribute on a
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element. If the attribute is present, its value must be an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">JavaScript</code>" and either the
+ <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code> attribute must be omitted or its value must be an
+ <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">text/javascript</code>".
+ The attribute should be entirely omitted instead (with the value "<code title="">JavaScript</code>", it has no effect), or replaced with use of the <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>Authors should not specify the <code title=attr-a-name><a href=#attr-a-name>name</a></code> attribute on
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements. If the attribute is present, its value must not be the empty string and
+ must neither be equal to the value of any of the <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>IDs</a> in the
+ element's <a href=#home-subtree>home subtree</a> other than the element's own <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a>, if any, nor be equal to the value of any of the other <code title=attr-a-name><a href=#attr-a-name>name</a></code> attributes on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements in the element's <a href=#home-subtree>home
+ subtree</a>. If this attribute is present and the element has an <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a>, then the attribute's value must be equal to the element's <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a>. In earlier versions of the language, this attribute was intended as
+ a way to specify possible targets for fragment identifiers in <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a>. The
+ <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute should be used instead.</p>
+
+ <!-- remove this once type=number is widely supported -->
+ <p>Authors should not, but may despite requirements to the contrary elsewhere in this
+ specification, specify the <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code> and <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code> attributes on <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attributes are in the <a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a> state. One valid reason for using these attributes
+ regardless is to help legacy user agents that do not support <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements with
+ <code title="">type="number"</code> to still render the text field with a useful width.</p>
+
+ <p class=note>In <a href=#syntax>the HTML syntax</a>, specifying a <a href=#syntax-doctype title=syntax-DOCTYPE>DOCTYPE</a> that is an <a href=#obsolete-permitted-doctype>obsolete permitted DOCTYPE</a> will also
+ trigger a warning.</p>
+
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <h4 id=warnings-for-obsolete-but-conforming-features><span class=secno>15.1.1 </span>Warnings for obsolete but conforming features</h4>
+
+ <p>To ease the transition from HTML4 Transitional documents to the language defined in
+ <em>this</em> specification, and to discourage certain features that are only allowed in very few
+ circumstances, conformance checkers must warn the user when the following features are used in a
+ document. These are generally old obsolete features that have no effect, and are allowed only to
+ distinguish between likely mistakes (regular conformance errors) and mere vestigial markup or
+ unusual and discouraged practices (these warnings).</p>
+
+ <p>The following features must be categorised as described
+ above:</p>
+
+ <ul><!-- downplayed list --><li><p>The presence of an <a href=#obsolete-permitted-doctype>obsolete permitted DOCTYPE</a> in an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML
+ documents">HTML document</a>.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The presence of a <code title=attr-img-border><a href=#attr-img-border>border</a></code> attribute on an
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element if its value is the string "<code title="">0</code>".</li>
+
+ <li><p>The presence of a <code title=attr-script-language><a href=#attr-script-language>language</a></code> attribute on a
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> element if its value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the
+ string "<code title="">JavaScript</code>" and if there is no <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code> attribute or there is and its value is an <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII
+ case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">text/javascript</code>".</li>
+
+ <li><p>The presence of a <code title=attr-a-name><a href=#attr-a-name>name</a></code> attribute on an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>
+ element, if its value is not the empty string.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The presence of a <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code> attribute on an
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the
+ <a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a> state.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The presence of a <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code> attribute on an
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element whose <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the
+ <a href="#number-state-(type=number)" title=attr-input-type-number>Number</a> state.</li>
+
+ </ul><p>Conformance checkers must distinguish between pages that have no conformance errors and have
+ none of these obsolete features, and pages that have no conformance errors but do have some of
+ these obsolete features.</p>
+
+ <p class=example>For example, a validator could report some pages as "Valid HTML" and others as
+ "Valid HTML with warnings".</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <h3 id=non-conforming-features><span class=secno>15.2 </span>Non-conforming features</h3>
+
+ <p>Elements in the following list are entirely obsolete, and must not be used by authors:</p>
+
+ <dl><!-- alphabetical by first element in the group, except CSS goes last --><dt><code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code></dt>
+ <dd><p>Use <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=acronym><code>acronym</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Use <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code> instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=bgsound><code>bgsound</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Use <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=dir><code>dir</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Use <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=noframes><code>noframes</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Either use <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> and CSS instead, or use server-side includes to generate complete pages with the various invariant parts merged in.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=isindex-0><code>isindex</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Use an explicit <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> and <a href="#text-(type=text)-state-and-search-state-(type=search)" title=attr-input-type-text>text field</a> combination instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=listing><code>listing</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Use <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code> instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=nextid><code>nextid</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Use GUIDs instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=noembed><code>noembed</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Use <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> instead of <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> when fallback is necessary.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=plaintext><code>plaintext</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Use the "<code>text/plain</code>" <a href=#mime-type>MIME type</a> instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=rb><code>rb</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Providing the ruby base directly inside the <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code> element is sufficient; the <code><a href=#rb>rb</a></code> element is unnecessary. Omit it altogether.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=strike><code>strike</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Use <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code> instead if the element is marking an edit, otherwise use <code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code> instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=xmp><code>xmp</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dd><p>Use <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code> instead, and escape "<code title="">&lt;</code>" and "<code title="">&amp;</code>" characters as "<code title="">&amp;lt;</code>" and "<code title="">&amp;amp;</code>" respectively.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=basefont><code>basefont</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=big><code>big</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=blink><code>blink</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=center><code>center</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=font><code>font</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dt><code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=multicol><code>multicol</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=nobr><code>nobr</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=spacer><code>spacer</code></dfn></dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=tt><code>tt</code></dfn></dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Use appropriate elements or CSS instead.</p>
+
+ <p>Where the <code><a href=#tt>tt</a></code> element would have been used for marking up keyboard input,
+ consider the <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code> element; for variables, consider the <code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code> element; for
+ computer code, consider the <code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code> element; and for computer output, consider the
+ <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, if the <code><a href=#big>big</a></code> element is being used to denote a heading, consider using
+ the <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code> element; if it is being used for marking up important passages, consider the
+ <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code> element; and if it is being used for highlighting text for reference
+ purposes, consider the <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>See also the <a href=#usage-summary>text-level semantics usage summary</a> for more
+ suggestions with examples.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ </dl><hr><p>The following attributes are obsolete (though the elements are still part of the language), and
+ must not be used by authors:</p>
+
+ <dl><!-- alphabetical by element then attribute of first item in group, except CSS goes last --><dt><dfn id=attr-a-charset title=attr-a-charset><code>charset</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-link-charset title=attr-link-charset><code>charset</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use an HTTP Content-Type header on the linked resource instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-a-coords title=attr-a-coords><code>coords</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-a-shape title=attr-a-shape><code>shape</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> instead of <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> for image maps.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-a-methods title=attr-a-methods><code>methods</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-link-methods title=attr-link-methods><code>methods</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use the HTTP OPTIONS feature instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-a-name title=attr-a-name><code>name</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements (except as noted in the previous section)</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-embed-name title=attr-embed-name><code>name</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-img-name title=attr-img-name><code>name</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-option-name title=attr-option-name><code>name</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use the <code title=attr-id><a href=#the-id-attribute>id</a></code> attribute instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-a-rev title=attr-a-rev><code>rev</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-link-rev title=attr-link-rev><code>rev</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use the <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code>
+ attribute instead, with an opposite term. (For example, instead of
+ <code title="">rev="made"</code>, use <code title="">rel="author"</code>.)</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-a-urn title=attr-a-urn><code>urn</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-link-urn title=attr-link-urn><code>urn</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Specify the preferred persistent identifier using the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code> attribute instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-form-accept title=attr-form-accept><code>accept</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use the <code title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code> attribute directly on the <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-area-nohref title=attr-area-nohref><code>nohref</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Omitting the <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>
+ attribute is sufficient; the <code title=attr-area-nohref><a href=#attr-area-nohref>nohref</a></code> attribute is
+ unnecessary. Omit it altogether.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-head-profile title=attr-head-profile><code>profile</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>When used for declaring which <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> terms are
+ used in the document, unnecessary; omit it altogether, and <a href=#concept-meta-extensions title=concept-meta-extensions>register the names</a>.</dd>
+ <dd><p>When used for triggering specific user agent behaviors: use
+ a <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-html-version title=attr-html-version><code>version</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Unnecessary. Omit it altogether.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-input-ismap title=attr-input-ismap><code>ismap</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Unnecessary. Omit it altogether. All <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements with a <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute in the <a href="#image-button-state-(type=image)" title=attr-input-type-image>Image
+ Button</a> state are processed as server-side image maps.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-input-usemap title=attr-input-usemap><code>usemap</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> instead of <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> for image maps.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-iframe-longdesc title=attr-iframe-longdesc><code>longdesc</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-img-longdesc title=attr-img-longdesc><code>longdesc</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use a regular <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element to link to the
+ description, or (in the case of images) use an <a href=#image-map>image
+ map</a> to provide a link from the image to the image's
+ description.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-img-lowsrc title=attr-img-lowsrc><code>lowsrc</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use a progressive JPEG image (given in the <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code> attribute),
+ instead of using two separate images.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-link-target title=attr-link-target><code>target</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Unnecessary. Omit it altogether.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-meta-scheme title=attr-meta-scheme><code>scheme</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use only one scheme per field, or make the scheme declaration part of the value.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-object-archive title=attr-object-archive><code>archive</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-object-classid title=attr-object-classid><code>classid</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-object-code title=attr-object-code><code>code</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-object-codebase title=attr-object-codebase><code>codebase</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-object-codetype title=attr-object-codetype><code>codetype</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use the <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code> and <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attributes to invoke <a href=#plugin title=plugin>plugins</a>. To set parameters with these names
+ in particular, the <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> element can be used.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-object-declare title=attr-object-declare><code>declare</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Repeat the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element completely each time the resource is to be reused.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-object-standby title=attr-object-standby><code>standby</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Optimise the linked resource so that it loads quickly or, at least, incrementally.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-param-type title=attr-param-type><code>type</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-param-valuetype title=attr-param-valuetype><code>valuetype</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use the <code title=attr-param-name><a href=#attr-param-name>name</a></code> and <code title=attr-param-value><a href=#attr-param-value>value</a></code> attributes without declaring
+ value types.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-script-language title=attr-script-language><code>language</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements (except as noted in the previous section)</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use the <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code> attribute
+ instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-script-event title=attr-script-event><code>event</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-script-for title=attr-script-for><code>for</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use DOM Events mechanisms to register event listeners. <a href=#refsDOM>[DOM]</a></dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-source-media title=attr-source-media><code>media</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use script to select the media resource(s) to use.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-table-datapagesize title=attr-table-datapagesize><code>datapagesize</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Unnecessary. Omit it altogether.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-table-summary title=attr-table-summary><code>summary</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements</dt><!-- 2.65% pages -->
+ <dd><p>Use one of the <a href=#table-descriptions-techniques>techniques for describing
+ tables</a> given in the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> section instead.</dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-td-abbr title=attr-td-abbr><code>abbr</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use text that begins in an unambiguous and terse manner, and include any more elaborate text after that. The <code title=attr-title><a href=#attr-title>title</a></code> attribute can also be useful in including more detailed text, so that the cell's contents can be made terse. If it's a heading, use <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> (which has an <code title=attr-th-abbr><a href=#attr-th-abbr>abbr</a></code> attribute).</p>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tdth-axis title=attr-tdth-axis><code>axis</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use the <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code> attribute on the relevant <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-td-scope title=attr-td-scope><code>scope</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements for heading cells.</p>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-datasrc title=attr-datasrc><code>datasrc</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>, <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-datafld title=attr-datafld><code>datafld</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>, <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-dataformatas title=attr-dataformatas><code>dataformatas</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use script and a mechanism such as <code><a href=#xmlhttprequest>XMLHttpRequest</a></code> to populate the page dynamically. <a href=#refsXHR>[XHR]</a></dd>
+
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-body-alink title=attr-body-alink><code>alink</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-body-bgcolor title=attr-body-bgcolor><code>bgcolor</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-body-link title=attr-body-link><code>link</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-body-marginbottom title=attr-body-marginbottom><code>marginbottom</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-body-marginheight title=attr-body-marginheight><code>marginheight</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-body-marginleft title=attr-body-marginleft><code>marginleft</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-body-marginright title=attr-body-marginright><code>marginright</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-body-margintop title=attr-body-margintop><code>margintop</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-body-marginwidth title=attr-body-marginwidth><code>marginwidth</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-body-text title=attr-body-text><code>text</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-body-vlink title=attr-body-vlink><code>vlink</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-br-clear title=attr-br-clear><code>clear</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-caption-align title=attr-caption-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-col-align title=attr-col-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-col-char title=attr-col-char><code>char</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-col-charoff title=attr-col-charoff><code>charoff</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-col-valign title=attr-col-valign><code>valign</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-col-width title=attr-col-width><code>width</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-div-align title=attr-div-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-dl-compact title=attr-dl-compact><code>compact</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-embed-align title=attr-embed-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-embed-hspace title=attr-embed-hspace><code>hspace</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-embed-vspace title=attr-embed-vspace><code>vspace</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-hr-align title=attr-hr-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-hr-color title=attr-hr-color><code>color</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-hr-noshade title=attr-hr-noshade><code>noshade</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-hr-size title=attr-hr-size><code>size</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-hr-width title=attr-hr-width><code>width</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-hx-align title=attr-hx-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>&mdash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-iframe-align title=attr-iframe-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-iframe-allowtransparency title=attr-iframe-allowtransparency><code>allowtransparency</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-iframe-frameborder title=attr-iframe-frameborder><code>frameborder</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-iframe-hspace title=attr-iframe-hspace><code>hspace</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-iframe-marginheight title=attr-iframe-marginheight><code>marginheight</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-iframe-marginwidth title=attr-iframe-marginwidth><code>marginwidth</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-iframe-scrolling title=attr-iframe-scrolling><code>scrolling</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-iframe-vspace title=attr-iframe-vspace><code>vspace</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-input-align title=attr-input-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-input-hspace title=attr-input-hspace><code>hspace</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-input-vspace title=attr-input-vspace><code>vspace</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-img-align title=attr-img-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-img-border title=attr-img-border><code>border</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements (except as noted in the previous section)</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-img-hspace title=attr-img-hspace><code>hspace</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-img-vspace title=attr-img-vspace><code>vspace</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-legend-align title=attr-legend-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-li-type title=attr-li-type><code>type</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-menu-compact title=attr-menu-compact><code>compact</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-object-align title=attr-object-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-object-border title=attr-object-border><code>border</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-object-hspace title=attr-object-hspace><code>hspace</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-object-vspace title=attr-object-vspace><code>vspace</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-ol-compact title=attr-ol-compact><code>compact</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-p-align title=attr-p-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-pre-width title=attr-pre-width><code>width</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-table-align title=attr-table-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-table-bgcolor title=attr-table-bgcolor><code>bgcolor</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-table-border title=attr-table-border><code>border</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-table-bordercolor title=attr-table-bordercolor><code>bordercolor</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-table-cellpadding title=attr-table-cellpadding><code>cellpadding</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-table-cellspacing title=attr-table-cellspacing><code>cellspacing</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-table-frame title=attr-table-frame><code>frame</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-table-rules title=attr-table-rules><code>rules</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-table-width title=attr-table-width><code>width</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tbody-align title=attr-tbody-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tbody-char title=attr-tbody-char><code>char</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tbody-charoff title=attr-tbody-charoff><code>charoff</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tbody-valign title=attr-tbody-vAlign><code>valign</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tdth-align title=attr-tdth-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tdth-bgcolor title=attr-tdth-bgcolor><code>bgcolor</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tdth-char title=attr-tdth-char><code>char</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tdth-charoff title=attr-tdth-charoff><code>charoff</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tdth-height title=attr-tdth-height><code>height</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tdth-nowrap title=attr-tdth-nowrap><code>nowrap</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tdth-valign title=attr-tdth-valign><code>valign</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tdth-width title=attr-tdth-width><code>width</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tr-align title=attr-tr-align><code>align</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tr-bgcolor title=attr-tr-bgcolor><code>bgcolor</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tr-char title=attr-tr-char><code>char</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tr-charoff title=attr-tr-charoff><code>charoff</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-tr-valign title=attr-tr-valign><code>valign</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-ul-compact title=attr-ul-compact><code>compact</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-ul-type title=attr-ul-type><code>type</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dt><dfn id=attr-background title=attr-background><code>background</code></dfn> on <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements</dt>
+ <dd><p>Use CSS instead.</dd>
+
+ </dl><div class=impl>
+
+ <h3 id=requirements-for-implementations><span class=secno>15.3 </span>Requirements for implementations</h3>
+
+ <h4 id=the-applet-element><span class=secno>15.3.1 </span>The <dfn><code>applet</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> element is a Java-specific variant of the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element.
+ The <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> element is now obsoleted so that all extension frameworks (Java, .NET,
+ Flash, etc) are handled in a consistent manner.</p>
+
+ <p>When the element matches any of the following conditions, it <a href=#represents>represents</a> its
+ contents:</p>
+
+ <ul class=brief><li>The element is still in the <a href=#stack-of-open-elements>stack of open elements</a> of an <a href=#html-parser>HTML
+ parser</a> or <a href=#xml-parser>XML parser</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The element is not <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> is not <a href=#fully-active>fully active</a>.</li>
+
+ <li id=sandboxPluginApplet>The element's <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>'s <a href=#active-sandboxing-flag-set>active sandboxing flag
+ set</a> has its <a href=#sandboxed-plugins-browsing-context-flag>sandboxed plugins browsing context flag</a> set.</li>
+
+ <li>The element has an ancestor <a href=#media-element>media element</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>The element has an ancestor <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element that is <em>not</em> showing its
+ <a href=#fallback-content>fallback content</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>No Java Language runtime <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> is available.</li>
+
+ <li>A Java runtime <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> is available but it is disabled.</li>
+
+ </ul><!-- we assume here that the Java plugin can't be <span
+ title="concept-plugin-secure">secured</span>; if anyone does end up securing one we can always
+ change this --><p>Otherwise, the user agent should instantiate a Java Language runtime <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>, and
+ should pass the names and values of all the attributes on the element, in the order they were
+ added to the element, with the attributes added by the parser being ordered in source order, and
+ then a parameter named "PARAM" whose value is null, and then all the names and values of <a href=#concept-param-parameter title=concept-param-parameter>parameters</a> given by <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> elements that are
+ children of the <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> element, in <a href=#tree-order>tree order</a>, to the
+ <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> used. If the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a> supports a scriptable interface, the
+ <code><a href=#htmlappletelement>HTMLAppletElement</a></code> object representing the element should expose that interface. The
+ <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> element <a href=#represents>represents</a> the <a href=#plugin>plugin</a>.</p>
+
+ <!-- If we ever make this fetch anything manually, remember to delay the load event, and to
+ include ", from the element's <span>browsing context scope origin</span> if it has one" when
+ fetching -->
+
+ <p class=note>The <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> element is unaffected by the CSS 'display' property. The
+ Java Language runtime is instantiated even if the element is hidden with a 'display:none' CSS
+ style.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> element must implement the <code><a href=#htmlappletelement>HTMLAppletElement</a></code>
+ interface.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlappletelement>HTMLAppletElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-applet-align title=dom-applet-align>align</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-applet-alt title=dom-applet-alt>alt</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-applet-archive title=dom-applet-archive>archive</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-applet-code title=dom-applet-code>code</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-applet-codebase title=dom-applet-codeBase>codeBase</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-applet-height title=dom-applet-height>height</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-applet-hspace title=dom-applet-hspace>hspace</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-applet-name title=dom-applet-name>name</a>;
+ attribute DOMString _<a href=#dom-applet-object title=dom-applet-object>object</a>; // the underscore is not part of the identifier <!-- it's a Web IDL escaping mechanism -->
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-applet-vspace title=dom-applet-vspace>vspace</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-applet-width title=dom-applet-width>width</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-applet-align title=dom-applet-align><code>align</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-applet-alt title=dom-applet-alt><code>alt</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-applet-archive title=dom-applet-archive><code>archive</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-applet-code title=dom-applet-code><code>code</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-applet-height title=dom-applet-height><code>height</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-applet-hspace title=dom-applet-hspace><code>hspace</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-applet-name title=dom-applet-name><code>name</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-applet-object title=dom-applet-object><code>object</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-applet-vspace title=dom-applet-vspace><code>vspace</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-applet-width title=dom-applet-width><code>width</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ respective content attributes of the same name. For the purposes of reflection, the
+ <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> element's <code title=attr-applet-object>object</code> content attribute is
+ defined as containing a <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-applet-codebase title=dom-applet-codeBase><code>codeBase</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-applet-codebase>codebase</code> content attribute,
+ which for the purposes of reflection is defined as containing a <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=the-marquee-element><span class=secno>15.3.2 </span>The <dfn><code>marquee</code></dfn> element</h4>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element is a presentational element that animates content. CSS
+ transitions and animations are a more appropriate mechanism. <a href=#refsCSSANIMATIONS>[CSSANIMATIONS]</a> <a href=#refsCSSTRANSITIONS>[CSSTRANSITIONS]</a></p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for tasks mentioned in this section is the <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation
+ task source</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element must implement the <code><a href=#htmlmarqueeelement>HTMLMarqueeElement</a></code>
+ interface.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlmarqueeelement>HTMLMarqueeElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-marquee-behavior title=dom-marquee-behavior>behavior</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-marquee-bgcolor title=dom-marquee-bgColor>bgColor</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-marquee-direction title=dom-marquee-direction>direction</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-marquee-height title=dom-marquee-height>height</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-marquee-hspace title=dom-marquee-hspace>hspace</a>;
+ attribute long <a href=#dom-marquee-loop title=dom-marquee-loop>loop</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-marquee-scrollamount title=dom-marquee-scrollamount>scrollAmount</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-marquee-scrolldelay title=dom-marquee-scrollDelay>scrollDelay</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-marquee-truespeed title=dom-marquee-trueSpeed>trueSpeed</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-marquee-vspace title=dom-marquee-vspace>vspace</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-marquee-width title=dom-marquee-width>width</a>;
+
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-marquee-onbounce title=handler-marquee-onbounce>onbounce</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-marquee-onfinish title=handler-marquee-onfinish>onfinish</a>;
+ attribute <a href=#eventhandler>EventHandler</a> <a href=#handler-marquee-onstart title=handler-marquee-onstart>onstart</a>;
+
+ void <a href=#dom-marquee-start title=dom-marquee-start>start</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-marquee-stop title=dom-marquee-stop>stop</a>();
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element can be <dfn id=concept-marquee-on title=concept-marquee-on>turned on</dfn> or <dfn id=concept-marquee-off title=concept-marquee-off>turned off</dfn>. When it is created, it is <a href=#concept-marquee-on title=concept-marquee-on>turned on</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-marquee-start title=dom-marquee-start><code>start()</code></dfn> method is called, the
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element must be <a href=#concept-marquee-on title=concept-marquee-on>turned on</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When the <dfn id=dom-marquee-stop title=dom-marquee-stop><code>stop()</code></dfn> method is called, the
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element must be <a href=#concept-marquee-off title=concept-marquee-off>turned off</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element is created, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a>
+ to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-marquee-start>start</code> at the
+ element.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-marquee-behavior title=attr-marquee-behavior><code>behavior</code></dfn> content attribute on
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> elements is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a> with the following keywords
+ (all non-conforming):</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Keyword
+ <th>State
+ <tbody><tr><td><code title="">scroll</code>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-marquee-behavior-scroll title=attr-marquee-behavior-scroll>scroll</dfn>
+ <tr><td><code title="">slide</code>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-marquee-behavior-slide title=attr-marquee-behavior-slide>slide</dfn>
+ <tr><td><code title="">alternate</code>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-marquee-behavior-alternate title=attr-marquee-behavior-alternate>alternate</dfn>
+ </table><p>The <i>missing value default</i> is the <a href=#attr-marquee-behavior-scroll title=attr-marquee-behavior-scroll>scroll</a> state.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-marquee-direction title=attr-marquee-direction><code>direction</code></dfn> content attribute on
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> elements is an <a href=#enumerated-attribute>enumerated attribute</a> with the following keywords
+ (all non-conforming):</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th>Keyword
+ <th>State
+ <tbody><tr><td><code title="">left</code>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-marquee-direction-left title=attr-marquee-direction-left>left</dfn>
+ <tr><td><code title="">right</code>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-marquee-direction-right title=attr-marquee-direction-right>right</dfn>
+ <tr><td><code title="">up</code>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-marquee-direction-up title=attr-marquee-direction-up>up</dfn>
+ <tr><td><code title="">down</code>
+ <td><dfn id=attr-marquee-direction-down title=attr-marquee-direction-down>down</dfn>
+ </table><p>The <i>missing value default</i> is the <a href=#attr-marquee-direction-left title=attr-marquee-direction-left>left</a>
+ state.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=attr-marquee-truespeed title=attr-marquee-truespeed><code>truespeed</code></dfn> content attribute on
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> elements is a <a href=#boolean-attribute>boolean attribute</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element has a <dfn id=marquee-scroll-interval>marquee scroll interval</dfn>, which is obtained as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the element has a <code title=attr-marquee-scrolldelay>scrolldelay</code> attribute,
+ and parsing its value using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> does not
+ return an error, then let <var title="">delay</var> be the parsed value. Otherwise, let <var title="">delay</var> be 85.</li>
+
+ <li><p>If the element does not have a <code title=attr-marquee-truespeed><a href=#attr-marquee-truespeed>truespeed</a></code>
+ attribute, and the <var title="">delay</var> value is less than 60, then let <var title="">delay</var> be 60 instead.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The <a href=#marquee-scroll-interval>marquee scroll interval</a> is <var title="">delay</var>, interpreted in
+ milliseconds.</li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>A <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element has a <dfn id=marquee-scroll-distance>marquee scroll distance</dfn>, which, if the element
+ has a <code title=attr-marquee-scrollamount>scrollamount</code> attribute, and parsing its value
+ using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-non-negative-integers>rules for parsing non-negative integers</a> does not return an error, is the
+ parsed value interpreted in CSS pixels, and otherwise is 6 CSS pixels.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>A <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element has a <dfn id=marquee-loop-count>marquee loop count</dfn>, which, if the element has a
+ <code title=attr-marquee-loop>loop</code> attribute, and parsing its value using the <a href=#rules-for-parsing-integers>rules
+ for parsing integers</a> does not return an error or a number less than 1, is the parsed value,
+ and otherwise is &minus;1.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-marquee-loop title=dom-marquee-loop><code>loop</code></dfn> IDL attribute, on getting, must
+ return the element's <a href=#marquee-loop-count>marquee loop count</a>; and on setting, if the new value is
+ different than the element's <a href=#marquee-loop-count>marquee loop count</a> and either greater than zero or equal
+ to &minus;1, must set the element's <code title=attr-marquee-loop>loop</code> content attribute
+ (adding it if necessary) to the <a href=#valid-integer>valid integer</a> that represents the new value. (Other
+ values are ignored.)</p>
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element also has a <dfn id=marquee-current-loop-index>marquee current loop index</dfn>, which is zero
+ when the element is created.</p>
+
+ <p>The rendering layer will occasionally <dfn id=increment-the-marquee-current-loop-index>increment the marquee current loop index</dfn>,
+ which must cause the following steps to be run:</p>
+
+ <ol><li><p>If the <a href=#marquee-loop-count>marquee loop count</a> is &minus;1, then abort these steps.</p>
+
+ <li><p>Increment the <a href=#marquee-current-loop-index>marquee current loop index</a> by one.</li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p>If the <a href=#marquee-current-loop-index>marquee current loop index</a> is now equal to or greater than the element's
+ <a href=#marquee-loop-count>marquee loop count</a>, <a href=#concept-marquee-off title=concept-marquee-off>turn off</a> the
+ <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element and <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a>
+ named <code title=event-marquee-finish>finish</code> at the <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, if the <code title=attr-marquee-behavior><a href=#attr-marquee-behavior>behavior</a></code> attribute is in the
+ <a href=#attr-marquee-behavior-alternate title=attr-marquee-behavior-alternate>alternate</a> state, then <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a
+ task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-marquee-bounce>bounce</code>
+ at the <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-marquee-start>start</code> at the <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol><hr><p>The following are the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> (and their corresponding <a href=#event-handler-event-type title="event
+ handler event type">event handler event types</a>) that must be supported, as <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event handler content attributes</a> and <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL
+ attributes</a>, by <code><a href=#the-marquee-element>marquee</a></code> elements:</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th><a href=#event-handlers title="event handlers">Event handler</a> <th><a href=#event-handler-event-type>Event handler event type</a>
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=handler-marquee-onbounce title=handler-marquee-onbounce><code>onbounce</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-marquee-bounce>bounce</code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-marquee-onfinish title=handler-marquee-onfinish><code>onfinish</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-marquee-finish>finish</code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=handler-marquee-onstart title=handler-marquee-onstart><code>onstart</code></dfn> <td> <code title=event-marquee-start>start</code>
+ </table><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-marquee-behavior title=dom-marquee-behavior><code>behavior</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-marquee-direction title=dom-marquee-direction><code>direction</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-marquee-height title=dom-marquee-height><code>height</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-marquee-hspace title=dom-marquee-hspace><code>hspace</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-marquee-vspace title=dom-marquee-vspace><code>vspace</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-marquee-width title=dom-marquee-width><code>width</code></dfn> IDL attributes must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the
+ respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-marquee-bgcolor title=dom-marquee-bgColor><code>bgColor</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-marquee-bgcolor>bgcolor</code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-marquee-scrollamount title=dom-marquee-scrollAmount><code>scrollAmount</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-marquee-scrollamount>scrollamount</code> content
+ attribute. The default value is 6.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-marquee-scrolldelay title=dom-marquee-scrollDelay><code>scrollDelay</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-marquee-scrolldelay>scrolldelay</code> content
+ attribute. The default value is 85.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-marquee-truespeed title=dom-marquee-trueSpeed><code>trueSpeed</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the <code title=attr-marquee-truespeed><a href=#attr-marquee-truespeed>truespeed</a></code> content
+ attribute.</p>
+
+
+ <h4 id=frames><span class=secno>15.3.3 </span>Frames</h4>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=frameset><code>frameset</code></dfn> element acts as <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a> in documents
+ that use frames.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element must implement the <code><a href=#htmlframesetelement>HTMLFrameSetElement</a></code>
+ interface.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlframesetelement>HTMLFrameSetElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-frameset-cols title=dom-frameset-cols>cols</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-frameset-rows title=dom-frameset-rows>rows</a>;
+};
+<a href=#htmlframesetelement>HTMLFrameSetElement</a> implements <a href=#windoweventhandlers>WindowEventHandlers</a>;</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-frameset-cols title=dom-frameset-cols><code>cols</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-frameset-rows title=dom-frameset-rows><code>rows</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element exposes as <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes>event handler content attributes</a> a
+ number of the <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object. It also mirrors their
+ <a href=#event-handler-idl-attributes>event handler IDL attributes</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code title=handler-onblur><a href=#handler-onblur>onblur</a></code>, <code title=handler-onerror><a href=#handler-onerror>onerror</a></code>,
+ <code title=handler-onfocus><a href=#handler-onfocus>onfocus</a></code>, <code title=handler-onload><a href=#handler-onload>onload</a></code>, <code title=handler-onresize><a href=#handler-onresize>onresize</a></code>, and <code title=handler-onscroll><a href=#handler-onscroll>onscroll</a></code>
+ <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> of the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object, exposed on the
+ <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element, replace the generic <a href=#event-handlers>event handlers</a> with the same names
+ normally supported by <a href=#html-elements>HTML elements</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=frame><code>frame</code></dfn> element defines a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>
+ similar to the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element, but rendered within a <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code>
+ element.</p>
+
+ <!-- START of section that's very similar to <iframe> -->
+
+ <p>A <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element is said to be an <dfn id=active-frame-element>active <code>frame</code> element</dfn> when
+ it is <a href=#in-a-document>in a <code>Document</code></a>.</p> <!-- even if the parent isn't a <frameset>. In
+ fact, even if its parent isn't being rendered at all:
+ http://software.hixie.ch/utilities/js/live-dom-viewer/?saved=2721 -->
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element is created as an <a href=#active-frame-element>active <code>frame</code>
+ element</a>, or becomes an <a href=#active-frame-element>active <code>frame</code> element</a> after not having been
+ one, the user agent must create a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, and then <a href=#process-the-frame-attributes>process the
+ <code>frame</code> attributes</a> for the first time.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element stops being an <a href=#active-frame-element>active <code>frame</code>
+ element</a>, the user agent must <a href=#a-browsing-context-is-discarded title="a browsing context is discarded">discard</a>
+ the <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever a <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element with a <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a> has its <code title=attr-frame-src>src</code> attribute set, changed, or removed, the user agent must
+ <a href=#process-the-frame-attributes>process the <code>frame</code> attributes</a>.</p> <!-- It doesn't happen when the base
+ URL is changed, though. -->
+
+ <p>When the user agent is to <dfn id=process-the-frame-attributes>process the <code>frame</code> attributes</dfn>, it must run the
+ first appropriate steps from the following list:</p>
+
+ <dl class=switch><dt>If the element has no <code title=attr-frame-src>src</code> attribute specified, and the
+ user agent is processing the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code>'s attributes for the first time</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <p><a href=#queue-a-task>Queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a> named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>Otherwise</dt>
+
+ <dd>
+
+ <ol><li>
+
+ <p>If the value of the <code title=attr-frame-src>src</code> attribute is the empty string,
+ let <var title="">url</var> be the string "<code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>".</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, <a href=#resolve-a-url title="resolve a url">resolve</a> the value of the <code title=attr-frame-src>src</code> attribute, relative to the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>If that is not successful, then let <var title="">url</var> be the string
+ "<code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code>". Otherwise, let <var title="">url</var> be the resulting
+ <a href=#absolute-url>absolute URL</a>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <p><a href=#navigate>Navigate</a><!--DONAV frame--> the element's <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a>
+ to <var title="">url</var>.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
+ </ol></dd>
+
+ </dl><p>Any <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> required of the user agent in the <a href=#process-the-frame-attributes>process
+ the <code>frame</code> attributes</a> algorithm must be completed as an <a href=#explicit-self-navigation-override>explicit
+ self-navigation override</a> and with the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element's document's
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> as the <a href=#source-browsing-context>source browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Furthermore, if the <a href=#active-document>active document</a> of the element's <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing
+ context</a> before such a <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> was not <a href=#completely-loaded>completely
+ loaded</a> at the time of the new <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a>, then the <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> must be completed with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Similarly, if the <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a>'s <a href=#session-history>session history</a> contained
+ only one <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> when the <a href=#process-the-frame-attributes>process the <code>frame</code> attributes</a>
+ algorithm was invoked, and that was the <code><a href=#about:blank>about:blank</a></code> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> created
+ when the <a href=#child-browsing-context>child browsing context</a> was created, then any <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> required of the user agent in that algorithm must be completed
+ with <a href=#replacement-enabled>replacement enabled</a>.</p> <!-- see also the note near similar text for the
+ location.assign() method -->
+
+ <!-- next few paragraphs are also from <iframe> but less detailed -->
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> in a <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> is marked as <a href=#completely-loaded>completely
+ loaded</a>, the user agent must <a href=#queue-a-task>queue a task</a> to <a href=#fire-a-simple-event>fire a simple event</a>
+ named <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> at the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element.</p>
+
+ <p>The <a href=#task-source>task source</a> for the <a href=#concept-task title=concept-task>tasks</a> above is the
+ <a href=#dom-manipulation-task-source>DOM manipulation task source</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>When a <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> is not <a href=#ready-for-post-load-tasks>ready for post-load tasks</a>, and when anything is <a href=#delay-the-load-event title="delay the load event">delaying the load event</a> of the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element's
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#active-document>active document</a>, and when the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code>
+ element's <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> is in the <a href=#delaying-load-events-mode>delaying <code title=event-load>load</code> events mode</a>, the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> must <a href=#delay-the-load-event>delay the
+ load event</a> of its document.</p>
+
+ <!-- END of section that's very similar to <iframe> -->
+
+ <p>When the browsing context is created, if a <code title=attr-frame-name>name</code> attribute
+ is present, the <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> must be set to the value of this attribute;
+ otherwise, the <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> must be set to the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>Whenever the <code title=attr-frame-name>name</code> attribute is set, the nested
+ <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a>'s <a href=#browsing-context-name title="browsing context name">name</a> must be changed to
+ the new value. If the attribute is removed, the <a href=#browsing-context-name>browsing context name</a> must be set to
+ the empty string.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element must implement the <code><a href=#htmlframeelement>HTMLFrameElement</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlframeelement>HTMLFrameElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-frame-name title=dom-frame-name>name</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-frame-scrolling title=dom-frame-scrolling>scrolling</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-frame-src title=dom-frame-src>src</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-frame-frameborder title=dom-frame-frameBorder>frameBorder</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-frame-longdesc title=dom-frame-longDesc>longDesc</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-frame-noresize title=dom-frame-noResize>noResize</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#document>Document</a>? <a href=#dom-frame-contentdocument title=dom-frame-contentDocument>contentDocument</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a>? <a href=#dom-frame-contentwindow title=dom-frame-contentWindow>contentWindow</a>;
+
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-frame-marginheight title=dom-frame-marginHeight>marginHeight</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-frame-marginwidth title=dom-frame-marginWidth>marginWidth</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-frame-name title=dom-frame-name><code>name</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-frame-scrolling title=dom-frame-scrolling><code>scrolling</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-frame-src title=dom-frame-src><code>src</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same name. For the purposes of
+ reflection, the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element's <code title=attr-frame-src>src</code> content
+ attribute is defined as containing a <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-frame-frameborder title=dom-frame-frameBorder><code>frameBorder</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-frame-frameborder>frameborder</code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-frame-longdesc title=dom-frame-longDesc><code>longDesc</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-frame-longdesc>longdesc</code> content attribute, which for the purposes of
+ reflection is defined as containing a <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-frame-noresize title=dom-frame-noResize><code>noResize</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-frame-noresize>noresize</code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-frame-contentdocument title=dom-frame-contentDocument><code>contentDocument</code></dfn> IDL attribute of
+ the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element must return the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object of the <a href=#active-document>active
+ document</a> of the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, if any
+ and if its <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> is the <a href=#same-origin>same origin</a> as the
+ <a href=#effective-script-origin>effective script origin</a> specified by the <a href=#incumbent-settings-object>incumbent settings object</a>, or
+ null otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-frame-contentwindow title=dom-frame-contentWindow><code>contentWindow</code></dfn> IDL attribute must
+ return the <code><a href=#windowproxy>WindowProxy</a></code> object of the <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element's <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested
+ browsing context</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-frame-marginheight title=dom-frame-marginHeight><code>marginHeight</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-frame-marginheight>marginheight</code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-frame-marginwidth title=dom-frame-marginWidth><code>marginWidth</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#frame>frame</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-frame-marginwidth>marginwidth</code> content attribute.</p>
+
+
+
+ <h4 id=other-elements,-attributes-and-apis><span class=secno>15.3.4 </span>Other elements, attributes and APIs</h4> <!-- alphabetical by name and attribute -->
+
+ <p>User agents must treat <code><a href=#acronym>acronym</a></code> elements in a manner
+ equivalent to <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code> elements in terms of semantics and
+ for purposes of rendering.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlanchorelement id=HTMLAnchorElement-partial>HTMLAnchorElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-a-coords title=dom-a-coords>coords</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-a-charset title=dom-a-charset>charset</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-a-name title=dom-a-name>name</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-a-rev title=dom-a-rev>rev</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-a-shape title=dom-a-shape>shape</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-a-coords title=dom-a-coords><code>coords</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-a-charset title=dom-a-charset><code>charset</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-a-name title=dom-a-name><code>name</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-a-rev title=dom-a-rev><code>rev</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-a-shape title=dom-a-shape><code>shape</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective
+ content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlareaelement id=HTMLAreaElement-partial>HTMLAreaElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-area-nohref title=dom-area-noHref>noHref</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-area-nohref title=dom-area-noHref><code>noHref</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-area-nohref><a href=#attr-area-nohref>nohref</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+<!--(removed for https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=21142 in the hope that we can drop it entirely
+ <hr>
+
+ <p>The <code>basefont</code> element must implement the
+ <code>HTMLBaseFontElement</code> interface.</p>
+
+ <pre class="idl">interface <dfn>HTMLBaseFontElement</dfn> : <span>HTMLElement</span> {
+ attribute DOMString <span title="dom-basefont-color">color</span>;
+ attribute DOMString <span title="dom-basefont-face">face</span>;
+ attribute long <span title="dom-basefont-size">size</span>; <!- - yes, long, not DOMString (so says DOM2 HTML) - ->
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn title="dom-basefont-color"><code>color</code></dfn>, <dfn
+ title="dom-basefont-face"><code>face</code></dfn>, and <dfn
+ title="dom-basefont-size"><code>size</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code>basefont</code>
+ element must <span>reflect</span> the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+-->
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlbodyelement id=HTMLBodyElement-partial>HTMLBodyElement</a> {
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-body-text title=dom-body-text>text</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-body-link title=dom-body-link>link</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-body-vlink title=dom-body-vLink>vLink</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-body-alink title=dom-body-aLink>aLink</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-body-bgcolor title=dom-body-bgColor>bgColor</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-body-background title=dom-body-background>background</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-body-text title=dom-body-text><code>text</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-body-text><a href=#attr-body-text>text</a></code> content
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-body-link title=dom-body-link><code>link</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-body-link><a href=#attr-body-link>link</a></code> content
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-body-alink title=dom-body-aLink><code>aLink</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-body-alink><a href=#attr-body-alink>alink</a></code> content
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-body-vlink title=dom-body-vLink><code>vLink</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-body-vlink><a href=#attr-body-vlink>vlink</a></code> content
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-body-bgcolor title=dom-body-bgColor><code>bgColor</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-body-bgcolor><a href=#attr-body-bgcolor>bgcolor</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-body-background title=dom-body-background><code>background</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-background><a href=#attr-background>background</a></code> content attribute. (The <code title=attr-background><a href=#attr-background>background</a></code> content is <em>not</em> defined to contain a
+ <a href=#url>URL</a>, despite rules regarding its handling in the rendering section above.)</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlbrelement id=HTMLBRElement-partial>HTMLBRElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-br-clear title=dom-br-clear>clear</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-br-clear title=dom-br-clear><code>clear</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmltablecaptionelement id=HTMLTableCaptionElement-partial>HTMLTableCaptionElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-caption-align title=dom-caption-align>align</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-caption-align title=dom-caption-align><code>align</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmltablecolelement id=HTMLTableColElement-partial>HTMLTableColElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-col-align title=dom-col-align>align</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-col-ch title=dom-col-ch>ch</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-col-choff title=dom-col-chOff>chOff</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-col-valign title=dom-col-vAlign>vAlign</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-col-width title=dom-col-width>width</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-col-align title=dom-col-align><code>align</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-col-width title=dom-col-width><code>width</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-col-ch title=dom-col-ch><code>ch</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code> element
+ must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-col-char><a href=#attr-col-char>char</a></code> content
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-col-choff title=dom-col-chOff><code>chOff</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-col-charoff><a href=#attr-col-charoff>charoff</a></code>
+ content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-col-valign title=dom-col-vAlign><code>vAlign</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-col-valign><a href=#attr-col-valign>valign</a></code>
+ content attribute.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>User agents must treat <code><a href=#dir>dir</a></code> elements in a manner equivalent to <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code>
+ elements in terms of semantics and for purposes of rendering.</p>
+
+ <p>The <code><a href=#dir>dir</a></code> element must implement the <code><a href=#htmldirectoryelement>HTMLDirectoryElement</a></code>
+ interface.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmldirectoryelement>HTMLDirectoryElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-dir-compact title=dom-dir-compact>compact</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-dir-compact title=dom-dir-compact><code>compact</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#dir>dir</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmldivelement id=HTMLDivElement-partial>HTMLDivElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-div-align title=dom-div-align>align</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-div-align title=dom-div-align><code>align</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmldlistelement id=HTMLDListElement-partial>HTMLDListElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-dl-compact title=dom-dl-compact>compact</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-dl-compact title=dom-dl-compact><code>compact</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlembedelement id=HTMLEmbedElement-partial>HTMLEmbedElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-embed-align title=dom-embed-align>align</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-embed-name title=dom-embed-name>name</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-embed-name title=dom-embed-name><code>name</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-embed-align title=dom-embed-align><code>align</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code> element
+ must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code><a href=#font>font</a></code> element must implement the <code><a href=#htmlfontelement>HTMLFontElement</a></code> interface.</p>
+
+ <pre class=idl>interface <dfn id=htmlfontelement>HTMLFontElement</dfn> : <a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a> {
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-font-color title=dom-font-color>color</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-font-face title=dom-font-face>face</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-font-size title=dom-font-size>size</a>; <!-- yes, DOMString, not long (so says DOM2 HTML) -->
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-font-color title=dom-font-color><code>color</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-font-face title=dom-font-face><code>face</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-font-size title=dom-font-size><code>size</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#font>font</a></code> element must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlheadingelement id=HTMLHeadingElement-partial>HTMLHeadingElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-hx-align title=dom-hx-align>align</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-hx-align title=dom-hx-align><code>align</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>&ndash;<code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code> elements must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of
+ the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><p class=note>The <dfn id=dom-head-profile title=dom-head-profile><code>profile</code></dfn> IDL attribute on
+ <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code> elements (with the <code><a href=#htmlheadelement>HTMLHeadElement</a></code> interface) is intentionally
+ omitted. Unless so required by <a href=#other-applicable-specifications title="other applicable specifications">another applicable
+ specification</a>, implementations would therefore not support this attribute. (It is mentioned
+ here as it was defined in a previous version of the DOM specifications.)</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlhrelement id=HTMLHRElement-partial>HTMLHRElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-hr-align title=dom-hr-align>align</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-hr-color title=dom-hr-color>color</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-hr-noshade title=dom-hr-noShade>noShade</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-hr-size title=dom-hr-size>size</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-hr-width title=dom-hr-width>width</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-hr-align title=dom-hr-align><code>align</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-hr-color title=dom-hr-color><code>color</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-hr-size title=dom-hr-size><code>size</code></dfn>,
+ and <dfn id=dom-hr-width title=dom-hr-width><code>width</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-hr-noshade title=dom-hr-noShade><code>noShade</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-hr-noshade><a href=#attr-hr-noshade>noshade</a></code>
+ content attribute.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlhtmlelement id=HTMLHtmlElement-partial>HTMLHtmlElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-html-version title=dom-html-version>version</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-html-version title=dom-html-version><code>version</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmliframeelement id=HTMLIFrameElement-partial>HTMLIFrameElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-iframe-align title=dom-iframe-align>align</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-iframe-scrolling title=dom-iframe-scrolling>scrolling</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-iframe-frameborder title=dom-iframe-frameBorder>frameBorder</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-iframe-longdesc title=dom-iframe-longDesc>longDesc</a>;
+
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-iframe-marginheight title=dom-iframe-marginHeight>marginHeight</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-iframe-marginwidth title=dom-iframe-marginWidth>marginWidth</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-iframe-align title=dom-iframe-align><code>align</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-iframe-scrolling title=dom-iframe-scrolling><code>scrolling</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the
+ same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-iframe-frameborder title=dom-iframe-frameBorder><code>frameBorder</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-iframe-frameborder><a href=#attr-iframe-frameborder>frameborder</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-iframe-longdesc title=dom-iframe-longDesc><code>longDesc</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-iframe-longdesc><a href=#attr-iframe-longdesc>longdesc</a></code> content attribute, which for the purposes of
+ reflection is defined as containing a <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-iframe-marginheight title=dom-iframe-marginHeight><code>marginHeight</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-iframe-marginheight><a href=#attr-iframe-marginheight>marginheight</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-iframe-marginwidth title=dom-iframe-marginWidth><code>marginWidth</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-iframe-marginwidth><a href=#attr-iframe-marginwidth>marginwidth</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlimageelement id=HTMLImageElement-partial>HTMLImageElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-img-name title=dom-img-name>name</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-img-lowsrc title=dom-img-lowsrc>lowsrc</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-img-align title=dom-img-align>align</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-img-hspace title=dom-img-hspace>hspace</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-img-vspace title=dom-img-vspace>vspace</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-img-longdesc title=dom-img-longDesc>longDesc</a>;
+
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-img-border title=dom-img-border>border</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-img-name title=dom-img-name><code>name</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-img-align title=dom-img-align><code>align</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-img-border title=dom-img-border><code>border</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-img-hspace title=dom-img-hspace><code>hspace</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-img-vspace title=dom-img-vspace><code>vspace</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element
+ must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-img-longdesc title=dom-img-longDesc><code>longDesc</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-img-longdesc><a href=#attr-img-longdesc>longdesc</a></code> content attribute, which for the purposes of reflection
+ is defined as containing a <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-img-lowsrc title=dom-img-lowsrc><code>lowsrc</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-img-lowsrc><a href=#attr-img-lowsrc>lowsrc</a></code>
+ content attribute, which for the purposes of reflection is defined as containing a
+ <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlinputelement id=HTMLInputElement-partial>HTMLInputElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-align title=dom-input-align>align</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-input-usemap title=dom-input-useMap>useMap</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-input-align title=dom-input-align><code>align</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-input-usemap title=dom-input-useMap><code>useMap</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-input-usemap><a href=#attr-input-usemap>usemap</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmllegendelement id=HTMLLegendElement-partial>HTMLLegendElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-legend-align title=dom-legend-align>align</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-legend-align title=dom-legend-align><code>align</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmllielement id=HTMLLIElement-partial>HTMLLIElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-li-type title=dom-li-type>type</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-li-type title=dom-li-type><code>type</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmllinkelement id=HTMLLinkElement-partial>HTMLLinkElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-link-charset title=dom-link-charset>charset</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-link-rev title=dom-link-rev>rev</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-link-target title=dom-link-target>target</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-link-charset title=dom-link-charset><code>charset</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-link-rev title=dom-link-rev><code>rev</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-link-target title=dom-link-target><code>target</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> element
+ must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>User agents must treat <code><a href=#listing>listing</a></code> elements in a manner equivalent to <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code>
+ elements in terms of semantics and for purposes of rendering.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlmenuelement id=HTMLMenuElement-partial>HTMLMenuElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-menu-compact title=dom-menu-compact>compact</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-menu-compact title=dom-menu-compact><code>compact</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlmetaelement id=HTMLMetaElement-partial>HTMLMetaElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-meta-scheme title=dom-meta-scheme>scheme</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>User agents may treat the <code title=attr-meta-scheme><a href=#attr-meta-scheme>scheme</a></code> content attribute on the
+ <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element as an extension of the element's <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> content attribute when processing a <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element
+ with a <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attribute whose value is one that the user agent
+ recognizes as supporting the <code title=attr-meta-scheme><a href=#attr-meta-scheme>scheme</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>User agents are encouraged to ignore the <code title=attr-meta-scheme><a href=#attr-meta-scheme>scheme</a></code> attribute
+ and instead process the value given to the metadata name as if it had been specified for each
+ expected value of the <code title=attr-meta-scheme><a href=#attr-meta-scheme>scheme</a></code> attribute.</p>
+
+ <div class=example>
+
+ <p>For example, if the user agent acts on <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> elements with <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attributes having the value "eGMS.subject.keyword", and knows
+ that the <code title=attr-meta-scheme><a href=#attr-meta-scheme>scheme</a></code> attribute is used with this metadata name,
+ then it could take the <code title=attr-meta-scheme><a href=#attr-meta-scheme>scheme</a></code> attribute into account,
+ acting as if it was an extension of the <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code> attribute. Thus
+ the following two <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> elements could be treated as two elements giving values for
+ two different metadata names, one consisting of a combination of "eGMS.subject.keyword" and
+ "LGCL", and the other consisting of a combination of "eGMS.subject.keyword" and "ORLY":</p>
+
+ <pre class=bad>&lt;!-- this markup is invalid --&gt;
+&lt;meta name="eGMS.subject.keyword" scheme="LGCL" content="Abandoned vehicles"&gt;
+&lt;meta name="eGMS.subject.keyword" scheme="ORLY" content="Mah car: kthxbye"&gt;</pre>
+
+ <p>The suggested processing of this markup, however, would be equivalent to the following:</p>
+
+ <pre>&lt;meta name="eGMS.subject.keyword" content="Abandoned vehicles"&gt;
+&lt;meta name="eGMS.subject.keyword" content="Mah car: kthxbye"&gt;</pre>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-meta-scheme title=dom-meta-scheme><code>scheme</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlobjectelement id=HTMLObjectElement-partial>HTMLObjectElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-object-align title=dom-object-align>align</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-object-archive title=dom-object-archive>archive</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-object-code title=dom-object-code>code</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-object-declare title=dom-object-declare>declare</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-object-hspace title=dom-object-hspace>hspace</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-object-standby title=dom-object-standby>standby</a>;
+ attribute unsigned long <a href=#dom-object-vspace title=dom-object-vspace>vspace</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-object-codebase title=dom-object-codeBase>codeBase</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-object-codetype title=dom-object-codeType>codeType</a>;
+
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-object-border title=dom-object-border>border</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-object-align title=dom-object-align><code>align</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-object-archive title=dom-object-archive><code>archive</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-object-border title=dom-object-border><code>border</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-object-code title=dom-object-code><code>code</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-object-declare title=dom-object-declare><code>declare</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-object-hspace title=dom-object-hspace><code>hspace</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-object-standby title=dom-object-standby><code>standby</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-object-vspace title=dom-object-vspace><code>vspace</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-object-codebase title=dom-object-codeBase><code>codeBase</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-object-codebase><a href=#attr-object-codebase>codebase</a></code> content attribute, which for the purposes of
+ reflection is defined as containing a <a href=#url>URL</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-object-codetype title=dom-object-codeType><code>codeType</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-object-codetype><a href=#attr-object-codetype>codetype</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlolistelement id=HTMLOListElement-partial>HTMLOListElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-ol-compact title=dom-ol-compact>compact</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-ol-compact title=dom-ol-compact><code>compact</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlparagraphelement id=HTMLParagraphElement-partial>HTMLParagraphElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-p-align title=dom-p-align>align</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-p-align title=dom-p-align><code>align</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlparamelement id=HTMLParamElement-partial>HTMLParamElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-param-type title=dom-param-type>type</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-param-valuetype title=dom-param-valueType>valueType</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-param-type title=dom-param-type><code>type</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-param-valuetype title=dom-param-valueType><code>valueType</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-param-valuetype><a href=#attr-param-valuetype>valuetype</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>User agents must treat <code><a href=#plaintext>plaintext</a></code> elements in a manner equivalent to
+ <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code> elements in terms of semantics and for purposes of rendering. (The parser has
+ special behavior for this element, though.)</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlpreelement id=HTMLPreElement-partial>HTMLPreElement</a> {
+ attribute long <a href=#dom-pre-width title=dom-pre-width>width</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-pre-width title=dom-pre-width><code>width</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlscriptelement id=HTMLScriptElement-partial>HTMLScriptElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-script-event title=dom-script-event>event</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-script-htmlfor title=dom-script-htmlFor>htmlFor</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-script-event title=dom-script-event><code>event</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-script-htmlfor title=dom-script-htmlFor><code>htmlFor</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ element must return the empty string on getting, and do nothing on setting.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmltableelement id=HTMLTableElement-partial>HTMLTableElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-table-align title=dom-table-align>align</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-table-border title=dom-table-border>border</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-table-frame title=dom-table-frame>frame</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-table-rules title=dom-table-rules>rules</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-table-summary title=dom-table-summary>summary</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-table-width title=dom-table-width>width</a>;
+
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-table-bgcolor title=dom-table-bgColor>bgColor</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-table-cellpadding title=dom-table-cellPadding>cellPadding</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-table-cellspacing title=dom-table-cellSpacing>cellSpacing</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-align title=dom-table-align><code>align</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-table-border title=dom-table-border><code>border</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-table-frame title=dom-table-frame><code>frame</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-table-summary title=dom-table-summary><code>summary</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-table-rules title=dom-table-rules><code>rules</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-table-width title=dom-table-width><code>width</code></dfn>, IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element
+ must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-bgcolor title=dom-table-bgColor><code>bgColor</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-table-bgcolor><a href=#attr-table-bgcolor>bgcolor</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-cellpadding title=dom-table-cellPadding><code>cellPadding</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-table-cellpadding><a href=#attr-table-cellpadding>cellpadding</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-table-cellspacing title=dom-table-cellSpacing><code>cellSpacing</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-table-cellspacing><a href=#attr-table-cellspacing>cellspacing</a></code> content attribute.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmltablesectionelement id=HTMLTableSectionElement-partial>HTMLTableSectionElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tbody-align title=dom-tbody-align>align</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tbody-ch title=dom-tbody-ch>ch</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tbody-choff title=dom-tbody-chOff>chOff</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tbody-valign title=dom-tbody-vAlign>vAlign</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tbody-align title=dom-tbody-align><code>align</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tbody-ch title=dom-tbody-ch><code>ch</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the elements' <code title=attr-tbody-char><a href=#attr-tbody-char>char</a></code> content attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tbody-choff title=dom-tbody-chOff><code>chOff</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> elements must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the elements' <code title=attr-tbody-charoff><a href=#attr-tbody-charoff>charoff</a></code> content attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tbody-valign title=dom-tbody-vAlign><code>vAlign</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>, and <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a>
+ the elements' <code title=attr-tbody-valign><a href=#attr-tbody-valign>valign</a></code> content attributes.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmltablecellelement id=HTMLTableCellElement-partial>HTMLTableCellElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tdth-align title=dom-tdth-align>align</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tdth-axis title=dom-tdth-axis>axis</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tdth-height title=dom-tdth-height>height</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tdth-width title=dom-tdth-width>width</a>;
+
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tdth-ch title=dom-tdth-ch>ch</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tdth-choff title=dom-tdth-chOff>chOff</a>;
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-tdth-nowrap title=dom-tdth-noWrap>noWrap</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tdth-valign title=dom-tdth-vAlign>vAlign</a>;
+
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tdth-bgcolor title=dom-tdth-bgColor>bgColor</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tdth-align title=dom-tdth-align><code>align</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-tdth-axis title=dom-tdth-axis><code>axis</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-tdth-height title=dom-tdth-height><code>height</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-tdth-width title=dom-tdth-width><code>width</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same
+ name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tdth-ch title=dom-tdth-ch><code>ch</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the elements' <code title=attr-tdth-char><a href=#attr-tdth-char>char</a></code> content attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tdth-choff title=dom-tdth-chOff><code>chOff</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>
+ and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the elements' <code title=attr-tdth-charoff><a href=#attr-tdth-charoff>charoff</a></code> content attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tdth-nowrap title=dom-tdth-noWrap><code>noWrap</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>
+ and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the elements' <code title=attr-tdth-nowrap><a href=#attr-tdth-nowrap>nowrap</a></code> content attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tdth-valign title=dom-tdth-vAlign><code>vAlign</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>
+ and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the elements' <code title=attr-tdth-valign><a href=#attr-tdth-valign>valign</a></code> content attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tdth-bgcolor title=dom-tdth-bgColor><code>bgColor</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the
+ <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code> and <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> elements must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the elements' <code title=attr-tdth-bgcolor><a href=#attr-tdth-bgcolor>bgcolor</a></code> content attributes.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmltabledatacellelement id=HTMLTableDataCellElement-partial>HTMLTableDataCellElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-td-abbr title=dom-td-abbr>abbr</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-td-abbr title=dom-td-abbr><code>abbr</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmltablerowelement id=HTMLTableRowElement-partial>HTMLTableRowElement</a> {
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tr-align title=dom-tr-align>align</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tr-ch title=dom-tr-ch>ch</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tr-choff title=dom-tr-chOff>chOff</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tr-valign title=dom-tr-vAlign>vAlign</a>;
+
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-tr-bgcolor title=dom-tr-bgColor>bgColor</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tr-align title=dom-tr-align><code>align</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute of the same name.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tr-ch title=dom-tr-ch><code>ch</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code> element
+ must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-tr-char><a href=#attr-tr-char>char</a></code> content
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tr-choff title=dom-tr-chOff><code>chOff</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-tr-charoff><a href=#attr-tr-charoff>charoff</a></code>
+ content attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tr-valign title=dom-tr-vAlign><code>vAlign</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-tr-valign><a href=#attr-tr-valign>valign</a></code> content
+ attribute.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-tr-bgcolor title=dom-tr-bgColor><code>bgColor</code></dfn> IDL attribute of the <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ element must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the element's <code title=attr-tr-bgcolor><a href=#attr-tr-bgcolor>bgcolor</a></code>
+ content attribute.</p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#htmlulistelement id=HTMLUListElement-partial>HTMLUListElement</a> {
+ attribute boolean <a href=#dom-ul-compact title=dom-ul-compact>compact</a>;
+ attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-ul-type title=dom-ul-type>type</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-ul-compact title=dom-ul-compact><code>compact</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-ul-type title=dom-ul-type><code>type</code></dfn> IDL attributes of the <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> element must
+ <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the respective content attributes of the same name.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>User agents must treat <code><a href=#xmp>xmp</a></code> elements in a manner equivalent to <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code>
+ elements in terms of semantics and for purposes of rendering. (The parser has special behavior for
+ this element though.)</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <code><a href=#blink>blink</a></code>, <code><a href=#bgsound>bgsound</a></code>, <code><a href=#isindex-0>isindex</a></code>, <code><a href=#multicol>multicol</a></code>,
+ <code><a href=#nextid>nextid</a></code>, <code><a href=#rb>rb</a></code>, and <code><a href=#spacer>spacer</a></code> elements must use the
+ <code><a href=#htmlunknownelement>HTMLUnknownElement</a></code> interface.</p> <!-- has to be explicitly listed because
+ technically we define the elements in the spec, albeit as obsolete, and then we say that only
+ elements not defined in this spec use HTMLUnknownElement. -->
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#document id=Document-partial>Document</a> {
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-document-fgcolor title=dom-document-fgColor>fgColor</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-document-linkcolor title=dom-document-linkColor>linkColor</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-document-vlinkcolor title=dom-document-vlinkColor>vlinkColor</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-document-alinkcolor title=dom-document-alinkColor>alinkColor</a>;
+ [TreatNullAs=EmptyString] attribute DOMString <a href=#dom-document-bgcolor title=dom-document-bgColor>bgColor</a>;
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-document-anchors title=dom-document-anchors>anchors</a>;
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a> <a href=#dom-document-applets title=dom-document-applets>applets</a>;
+
+ void <a href=#dom-document-clear title=dom-document-clear>clear</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-document-captureevents title=dom-document-captureEvents>captureEvents</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-document-releaseevents title=dom-document-releaseEvents>releaseEvents</a>();
+
+ readonly attribute <a href=#htmlallcollection>HTMLAllCollection</a> <a href=#dom-document-all title=dom-document-all>all</a>;
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The attributes of the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> object listed in the first column of the following
+ table must <a href=#reflect>reflect</a> the content attribute on <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body element</a> with the
+ name given in the corresponding cell in the second column on the same row, if <a href=#the-body-element-0>the body
+ element</a> is a <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code> element (as opposed to a <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element).
+ When there is no <a href=#the-body-element-0 title="the body element">body element</a> or if it is a
+ <code><a href=#frameset>frameset</a></code> element, the attributes must instead return the empty string on getting and
+ do nothing on setting.</p>
+
+ <table><thead><tr><th> IDL attribute
+ <th> Content attribute
+ <tbody><tr><td><dfn id=dom-document-fgcolor title=dom-document-fgColor><code>fgColor</code></dfn>
+ <td><code title=attr-body-text><a href=#attr-body-text>text</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=dom-document-linkcolor title=dom-document-linkColor><code>linkColor</code></dfn>
+ <td><code title=attr-body-link><a href=#attr-body-link>link</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=dom-document-vlinkcolor title=dom-document-vlinkColor><code>vlinkColor</code></dfn>
+ <td><code title=attr-body-vlink><a href=#attr-body-vlink>vlink</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=dom-document-alinkcolor title=dom-document-alinkColor><code>alinkColor</code></dfn>
+ <td><code title=attr-body-alink><a href=#attr-body-alink>alink</a></code>
+ <tr><td><dfn id=dom-document-bgcolor title=dom-document-bgColor><code>bgColor</code></dfn>
+ <td><code title=attr-body-bgcolor><a href=#attr-body-bgcolor>bgcolor</a></code>
+ </table><hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-document-anchors title=dom-document-anchors><code>anchors</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node, whose filter matches only
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> elements with <code title=attr-a-name><a href=#attr-a-name>name</a></code> attributes.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-applets title=dom-document-applets><code>applets</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlcollection>HTMLCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node, whose filter matches only
+ <code><a href=#the-applet-element>applet</a></code> elements.</p>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-document-clear title=dom-document-clear><code>clear()</code></dfn>, <dfn id=dom-document-captureevents title=dom-document-captureEvents><code>captureEvents()</code></dfn>, and <dfn id=dom-document-releaseevents title=dom-document-releaseEvents><code>releaseEvents()</code></dfn> methods must do nothing.</p>
+
+ <hr><p>The <dfn id=dom-document-all title=dom-document-all><code>all</code></dfn> attribute must return an
+ <code><a href=#htmlallcollection>HTMLAllCollection</a></code> rooted at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> node, whose filter matches all
+ elements.</p>
+
+ <p>The object returned for <code title=dom-document-all><a href=#dom-document-all>all</a></code> has several unusual
+ behaviors:</p>
+
+ <ul><li><p>The user agent must act as if the ToBoolean() operator in JavaScript converts the object
+ returned for <code title=dom-document-all><a href=#dom-document-all>all</a></code> to the false value.</li>
+
+ <li><p>The user agent must act as if, for the purposes of the <code title="">==</code> and <code title="">!=</code> operators in JavaScript, the object returned for <code title=dom-document-all><a href=#dom-document-all>all</a></code> compares as equal to the <code title="">undefined</code> and
+ <code title="">null</code> values. (Comparisons using the <code title="">===</code> operator, and
+ comparisons to other values such as strings or objects, are unaffected.)</li>
+
+ <li><p>The user agent must act such that the <code title="">typeof</code> operator in JavaScript
+ returns the string <code title="">undefined</code> when applied to the object returned for <code title=dom-document-all><a href=#dom-document-all>all</a></code>.</li>
+
+ </ul><p class=note>These requirements are a <a href=#willful-violation>willful violation</a> of the JavaScript
+ specification current at the time of writing (ECMAScript edition 5). The JavaScript specification
+ requires that the ToBoolean() operator convert all objects to the true value, and does not have
+ provisions for objects acting as if they were <code title="">undefined</code> for the purposes of
+ certain operators. This violation is motivated by a desire for compatibility with two classes of
+ legacy content: one that uses the presence of <code title=dom-document-all><a href=#dom-document-all>document.all</a></code>
+ as a way to detect legacy user agents, and one that only supports those legacy user agents and
+ uses the <code title=dom-document-all><a href=#dom-document-all>document.all</a></code> object without testing for its
+ presence first. <a href=#refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</a></p>
+
+ <hr><pre class=idl>partial interface <a href=#window id=Window-partial>Window</a> {
+ void <a href=#dom-window-captureevents title=dom-window-captureEvents>captureEvents</a>();
+ void <a href=#dom-window-releaseevents title=dom-window-releaseEvents>releaseEvents</a>();
+};</pre>
+
+ <p>The <dfn id=dom-window-captureevents title=dom-window-captureEvents><code>captureEvents()</code></dfn> and <dfn id=dom-window-releaseevents title=dom-window-releaseEvents><code>releaseEvents()</code></dfn> methods must do nothing.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <h2 id=iana><span class=secno>16 </span>IANA considerations</h2>
+
+ <!-- http://www.w3.org/2002/06/registering-mediatype.html -->
+
+
+ <h3 id=text/html><span class=secno>16.1 </span><dfn><code>text/html</code></dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>This registration is for community review and will be submitted to the IESG for review,
+ approval, and registration with IANA.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ To: ietf-types@iana.org
+ Subject: Registration of media type text/html
+ -->
+
+ <!--
+ Obsoletes:
+ http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2854
+
+ Include a request to retire RFC 2854 persuant to section 6.4 of RFC 2026.
+ -->
+
+ <dl><dt>Type name:</dt>
+ <dd>text</dd>
+ <dt>Subtype name:</dt>
+ <dd>html</dd>
+ <dt>Required parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>No required parameters</dd>
+ <dt>Optional parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl><dt><code title="">charset</code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title="">charset</code> parameter may be provided to definitively specify the
+ <a href="#document's-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a>, overriding any <a href=#character-encoding-declaration title="character encoding
+ declaration">character encoding declarations</a> in the document. The parameter's value
+ must be one of the <a href=#encoding-label title="encoding label">labels</a> of the <a href=#encoding title=encoding>character encoding</a> used to serialise the file. <a href=#refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</a></p>
+
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ 8bit (see the section on <a href=#character-encoding-declaration title="character encoding declaration">character encoding
+ declarations</a>)
+
+ </dd>
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Security considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Entire novels have been written about the security considerations that apply to HTML
+ documents. Many are listed in this document, to which the reader is referred for more details.
+ Some general concerns bear mentioning here, however:</p>
+
+ <p>HTML is scripted language, and has a large number of APIs (some of which are described in
+ this document). Script can expose the user to potential risks of information leakage, credential
+ leakage, cross-site scripting attacks, cross-site request forgeries, and a host of other
+ problems. While the designs in this specification are intended to be safe if implemented
+ correctly, a full implementation is a massive undertaking and, as with any software, user agents
+ are likely to have security bugs.</p>
+
+ <p>Even without scripting, there are specific features in HTML which, for historical reasons,
+ are required for broad compatibility with legacy content but that expose the user to unfortunate
+ security problems. In particular, the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> element can be used in conjunction with
+ some other features as a way to effect a port scan from the user's location on the Internet.
+ This can expose local network topologies that the attacker would otherwise not be able to
+ determine.</p>
+
+ <p>HTML relies on a compartmentalization scheme sometimes known as the <i>same-origin
+ policy</i>. An <a href=#origin>origin</a> in most cases consists of all the pages served from the same
+ host, on the same port, using the same protocol.</p>
+
+ <p>It is critical, therefore, to ensure that any untrusted content that forms part of a site be
+ hosted on a different <a href=#origin>origin</a> than any sensitive content on that site. Untrusted
+ content can easily spoof any other page on the same origin, read data from that origin, cause
+ scripts in that origin to execute, submit forms to and from that origin even if they are
+ protected from cross-site request forgery attacks by unique tokens, and make use of any
+ third-party resources exposed to or rights granted to that origin.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Rules for processing both conforming and non-conforming content
+ are defined in this specification.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Published specification:</dt>
+ <dd id=authors-using-html>
+ This document is the relevant specification. Labeling a resource
+ with the <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code> type asserts that the resource is
+ an <a href=#html-documents title="HTML documents">HTML document</a> using
+ <a href=#syntax>the HTML syntax</a>.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Applications that use this media type:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Web browsers, tools for processing Web content, HTML authoring
+ tools, search engines, validators.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Additional information:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl><dt>Magic number(s):</dt>
+ <dd>No sequence of bytes can uniquely identify an HTML
+ document. More information on detecting HTML documents is
+ available in the MIME Sniffing specification. <a href=#refsMIMESNIFF>[MIMESNIFF]</a></dd>
+ <dt>File extension(s):</dt>
+ <dd>"<code title="">html</code>" and "<code title="">htm</code>"
+ are commonly, but certainly not exclusively, used as the
+ extension for HTML documents.</dd>
+ <dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt>
+ <dd><code title="">TEXT</code></dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Intended usage:</dt>
+ <dd>Common</dd>
+ <dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt>
+ <dd>No restrictions apply.</dd>
+ <dt>Author:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>W3C</dd>
+ </dl><p>Fragment identifiers used with <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code> resources either refer to <a href=#the-indicated-part-of-the-document>the
+ indicated part of the document</a> or provide state information for in-page scripts.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h3 id=multipart/x-mixed-replace><span class=secno>16.2 </span><dfn><code>multipart/x-mixed-replace</code></dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>This registration is for community review and will be submitted to the IESG for review,
+ approval, and registration with IANA.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ To: ietf-types@iana.org
+ Subject: Registration of media type multipart/x-mixed-replace
+ -->
+
+ <dl><dt>Type name:</dt>
+ <dd>multipart</dd>
+ <dt>Subtype name:</dt>
+ <dd>x-mixed-replace</dd>
+ <dt>Required parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <ul class=brief><li><code title="">boundary</code> (defined in RFC2046) <a href=#refsRFC2046>[RFC2046]</a>
+ </ul></dd>
+ <dt>Optional parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>No optional parameters.</dd>
+ <dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>binary</dd>
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Security considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Subresources of a <code><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>multipart/x-mixed-replace</a></code>
+ resource can be of any type, including types with non-trivial
+ security implications such as <code><a href=#text/html>text/html</a></code>.
+ </dd>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ None.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Published specification:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ This specification describes processing rules for Web browsers.
+ Conformance requirements for generating resources with this type are the same as for <code>multipart/mixed</code>. <a href=#refsRFC2046>[RFC2046]</a>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Applications that use this media type:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ This type is intended to be used in resources generated by Web servers, for consumption by Web browsers.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Additional information:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl><dt>Magic number(s):</dt>
+ <dd>No sequence of bytes can uniquely identify a <code><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>multipart/x-mixed-replace</a></code> resource.</dd>
+ <dt>File extension(s):</dt>
+ <dd>No specific file extensions are recommended for this type.</dd>
+ <dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt>
+ <dd>No specific Macintosh file type codes are recommended for this type.</dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Intended usage:</dt>
+ <dd>Common</dd>
+ <dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt>
+ <dd>No restrictions apply.</dd>
+ <dt>Author:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>W3C</dd>
+ </dl><p>Fragment identifiers used with <code><a href=#multipart/x-mixed-replace>multipart/x-mixed-replace</a></code> resources apply to each
+ body part as defined by the type used by that body part.</p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=application/xhtml+xml><span class=secno>16.3 </span><dfn><code>application/xhtml+xml</code></dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>This registration is for community review and will be submitted to the IESG for review,
+ approval, and registration with IANA.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ To: ietf-types@iana.org
+ Subject: Registration of media type application/xhtml+xml
+ -->
+
+ <!--
+ Obsoletes:
+ http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3236
+ -->
+
+ <dl><dt>Type name:</dt>
+ <dd>application</dd>
+ <dt>Subtype name:</dt>
+ <dd>xhtml+xml</dd>
+ <dt>Required parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/xml</code> <a href=#refsRFC3023>[RFC3023]</a></dd>
+ <dt>Optional parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/xml</code> <a href=#refsRFC3023>[RFC3023]</a></dd>
+ <dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/xml</code> <a href=#refsRFC3023>[RFC3023]</a></dd>
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Security considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/xml</code> <a href=#refsRFC3023>[RFC3023]</a></dd>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/xml</code> <a href=#refsRFC3023>[RFC3023]</a></dd>
+ <dt id=authors-using-xhtml>Published specification:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Labeling a resource with the <code><a href=#application/xhtml+xml>application/xhtml+xml</a></code>
+ type asserts that the resource is an XML document that likely has
+ a root element from the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>. Thus, the
+ relevant specifications are the XML specification, the Namespaces
+ in XML specification, and this specification. <a href=#refsXML>[XML]</a> <a href=#refsXMLNS>[XMLNS]</a>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Applications that use this media type:</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/xml</code> <a href=#refsRFC3023>[RFC3023]</a></dd>
+ <dt>Additional information:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl><dt>Magic number(s):</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/xml</code> <a href=#refsRFC3023>[RFC3023]</a></dd>
+ <dt>File extension(s):</dt>
+ <dd>"<code title="">xhtml</code>" and "<code title="">xht</code>"
+ are sometimes used as extensions for XML resources that have a
+ root element from the <a href=#html-namespace-0>HTML namespace</a>.</dd>
+ <dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt>
+ <dd><code title="">TEXT</code></dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Intended usage:</dt>
+ <dd>Common</dd>
+ <dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt>
+ <dd>No restrictions apply.</dd>
+ <dt>Author:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>W3C</dd>
+ </dl><p>Fragment identifiers used with <code><a href=#application/xhtml+xml>application/xhtml+xml</a></code> resources have the same
+ semantics as with any <a href=#xml-mime-type>XML MIME type</a>. <a href=#refsRFC3023>[RFC3023]</a></p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=application/x-www-form-urlencoded><span class=secno>16.4 </span><dfn><code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code></dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>This registration is for community review and will be submitted to the IESG for review,
+ approval, and registration with IANA.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ To: ietf-types@iana.org
+ Subject: Registration of media type application/x-www-form-urlencoded
+ -->
+
+ <dl><dt>Type name:</dt>
+ <dd>application</dd>
+ <dt>Subtype name:</dt>
+ <dd>x-www-form-urlencoded</dd>
+ <dt>Required parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>No parameters</dd>
+ <dt>Optional parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>No parameters</dd>
+ <dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>7bit (US-ASCII encoding of octets that themselves can be encoding text using any <a href=#ascii-compatible-character-encoding>ASCII-compatible character encoding</a>)</dd>
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Security considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>In isolation, an <code><a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code>
+ payload poses no security risks. However, as this type is usually
+ used as part of a form submission, all the risks that apply to
+ HTML forms need to be considered in the context of this type.</p>
+ </dd>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Rules for generating and processing
+ <code><a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code> payloads are
+ defined in this specification.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Published specification:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ This document is the relevant specification.
+ Algorithms for <a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded-encoding-algorithm title="application/x-www-form-urlencoded encoding algorithm">encoding</a>
+ and <a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded-decoding-algorithm title="application/x-www-form-urlencoded decoding algorithm">decoding</a> are defined.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Applications that use this media type:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Web browsers and servers.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Additional information:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl><dt>Magic number(s):</dt>
+ <dd>There is no reliable mechanism for recognising <code><a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code> payloads.</dd>
+ <dt>File extension(s):</dt>
+ <dd>Not applicable.</dd>
+ <dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt>
+ <dd>Not applicable.</dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Intended usage:</dt>
+ <dd>Common</dd>
+ <dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt>
+ <dd>This type is only intended to be used to describe HTML form
+ submission payloads.</dd>
+ <dt>Author:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>W3C</dd>
+ </dl><p>Fragment identifiers have no meaning with the <code><a href=#application/x-www-form-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code>
+ type.</p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=text/cache-manifest><span class=secno>16.5 </span><dfn><code>text/cache-manifest</code></dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>This registration is for community review and will be submitted
+ to the IESG for review, approval, and registration with IANA.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ To: ietf-types@iana.org
+ Subject: Registration of media type text/cache-manifest
+ -->
+
+ <dl><dt>Type name:</dt>
+ <dd>text</dd>
+ <dt>Subtype name:</dt>
+ <dd>cache-manifest</dd>
+ <dt>Required parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>No parameters</dd>
+ <dt>Optional parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl><dt><code title="">charset</code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title="">charset</code> parameter may be provided. The parameter's value must be
+ "<code title="">utf-8</code>". This parameter serves no purpose; it is only allowed for
+ compatibility with legacy servers.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>8bit (always UTF-8)</dd>
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Security considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>Cache manifests themselves pose no immediate risk unless
+ sensitive information is included within the
+ manifest. Implementations, however, are required to follow
+ specific rules when populating a cache based on a cache manifest,
+ to ensure that certain origin-based restrictions are
+ honored. Failure to correctly implement these rules can result in
+ information leakage, cross-site scripting attacks, and the
+ like.</p>
+ </dd>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Rules for processing both conforming and non-conforming content
+ are defined in this specification.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Published specification:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ This document is the relevant specification.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Applications that use this media type:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Web browsers.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Additional information:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl><dt>Magic number(s):</dt>
+ <dd>Cache manifests begin with the string "<code title="">CACHE
+ MANIFEST</code>", followed by either a U+0020 SPACE character, a
+ U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION (tab) character, a U+000A LINE FEED
+ (LF) character, or a U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) character.</dd>
+ <dt>File extension(s):</dt>
+ <dd>"<code title="">appcache</code>"</dd>
+ <dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt>
+ <dd>No specific Macintosh file type codes are recommended for this type.</dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Intended usage:</dt>
+ <dd>Common</dd>
+ <dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt>
+ <dd>No restrictions apply.</dd>
+ <dt>Author:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>W3C</dd>
+ </dl><p>Fragment identifiers have no meaning with <code><a href=#text/cache-manifest>text/cache-manifest</a></code> resources.</p>
+
+
+ <h3 id=text/ping><span class=secno>16.6 </span><dfn><code>text/ping</code></dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>This registration is for community review and will be submitted to the IESG for review,
+ approval, and registration with IANA.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ To: ietf-types@iana.org
+ Subject: Registration of media type text/ping
+ -->
+
+ <dl><dt>Type name:</dt>
+ <dd>text</dd>
+ <dt>Subtype name:</dt>
+ <dd>ping</dd>
+ <dt>Required parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>No parameters</dd>
+ <dt>Optional parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl><dt><code title="">charset</code></dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>The <code title="">charset</code> parameter may be provided. The parameter's value must be
+ "<code title="">utf-8</code>". This parameter serves no purpose; it is only allowed for
+ compatibility with legacy servers.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>Not applicable.</dd>
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Security considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>If used exclusively in the fashion described in the context of
+ <a href=#hyperlink-auditing>hyperlink auditing</a>, this type introduces no new
+ security concerns.</p>
+ </dd>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Rules applicable to this type are defined in this specification.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Published specification:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ This document is the relevant specification.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Applications that use this media type:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Web browsers.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Additional information:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl><dt>Magic number(s):</dt>
+ <dd><code><a href=#text/ping>text/ping</a></code> resources always consist of the four
+ bytes 0x50 0x49 0x4E 0x47 (ASCII 'PING').</dd>
+ <dt>File extension(s):</dt>
+ <dd>No specific file extension is recommended for this type.</dd>
+ <dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt>
+ <dd>No specific Macintosh file type codes are recommended for this type.</dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Intended usage:</dt>
+ <dd>Common</dd>
+ <dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt>
+ <dd>Only intended for use with HTTP POST requests generated as part
+ of a Web browser's processing of the <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code> attribute.</dd>
+ <dt>Author:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>W3C</dd>
+ </dl><p>Fragment identifiers have no meaning with <code><a href=#text/ping>text/ping</a></code> resources.</p>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:Microdata-->
+ <h3 id=application/microdata+json><span class=secno>16.7 </span><dfn><code>application/microdata+json</code></dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>This registration is for community review and will be submitted to the IESG for review,
+ approval, and registration with IANA.</p>
+
+ <!--
+ To: ietf-types@iana.org
+ Subject: Registration of media type application/microdata+json
+ -->
+
+ <dl><dt>Type name:</dt>
+ <dd>application</dd>
+ <dt>Subtype name:</dt>
+ <dd>microdata+json</dd>
+ <dt>Required parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/json</code> <a href=#refsJSON>[JSON]</a></dd>
+ <dt>Optional parameters:</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/json</code> <a href=#refsJSON>[JSON]</a></dd>
+ <dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>8bit (always UTF-8)</dd>
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Security considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/json</code> <a href=#refsJSON>[JSON]</a></dd>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/json</code> <a href=#refsJSON>[JSON]</a></dd>
+ <dt>Published specification:</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ Labeling a resource with the <code><a href=#application/microdata+json>application/microdata+json</a></code> type asserts that the
+ resource is a JSON text that consists of an object with a single entry called "<code title="">items</code>" consisting of an array of entries, each of which consists of an object
+ with an entry called "<code title="">id</code>" whose value is a string, an entry called "<code title="">type</code>" whose value is another string, and an entry called "<code title="">properties</code>" whose value is an object whose entries each have a value consisting
+ of an array of either objects or strings, the objects being of the same form as the objects in
+ the aforementioned "<code title="">items</code>" entry. Thus, the relevant specifications are
+ the JSON specification and this specification. <a href=#refsJSON>[JSON]</a>
+
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Applications that use this media type:</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ <p>Applications that transfer data intended for use with HTML's microdata feature, especially in
+ the context of drag-and-drop, are the primary application class for this type.</p>
+
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Additional information:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <dl><dt>Magic number(s):</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/json</code> <a href=#refsJSON>[JSON]</a></dd>
+ <dt>File extension(s):</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/json</code> <a href=#refsJSON>[JSON]</a></dd>
+ <dt>Macintosh file type code(s):</dt>
+ <dd>Same as for <code>application/json</code> <a href=#refsJSON>[JSON]</a></dd>
+ </dl></dd>
+ <dt>Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Intended usage:</dt>
+ <dd>Common</dd>
+ <dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt>
+ <dd>No restrictions apply.</dd>
+ <dt>Author:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>W3C</dd>
+ </dl><p>Fragment identifiers used with <code><a href=#application/microdata+json>application/microdata+json</a></code> resources have the same
+ semantics as when used with <code>application/json</code> (namely, at the time of writing, no
+ semantics at all). <a href=#refsJSON>[JSON]</a></p>
+
+
+<!--TOPIC:HTML-->
+ <h3 id=ping-from><span class=secno>16.8 </span><dfn title=http-ping-from><code>Ping-From</code></dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>This section describes a header for registration in the Permanent Message Header Field
+ Registry. <a href=#refsRFC3864>[RFC3864]</a></p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Header field name:</dt>
+ <dd>Ping-From</dd>
+ <dt>Applicable protocol:</dt>
+ <dd>http</dd>
+ <dt>Status:</dt>
+ <dd>standard</dd>
+ <dt>Author/Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>W3C</dd>
+ <dt>Specification document(s):</dt>
+ <dd>
+ This document is the relevant specification.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Related information:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ </dl><h3 id=ping-to><span class=secno>16.9 </span><dfn title=http-ping-to><code>Ping-To</code></dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>This section describes a header for registration in the Permanent Message Header Field
+ Registry. <a href=#refsRFC3864>[RFC3864]</a></p>
+
+ <dl><dt>Header field name:</dt>
+ <dd>Ping-To</dd>
+ <dt>Applicable protocol:</dt>
+ <dd>http</dd>
+ <dt>Status:</dt>
+ <dd>standard</dd>
+ <dt>Author/Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>W3C</dd>
+ <dt>Specification document(s):</dt>
+ <dd>
+ This document is the relevant specification.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Related information:</dt>
+ <dd>None.</dd>
+ </dl><h3 id=web+-scheme-prefix><span class=secno>16.10 </span><dfn title=scheme-web><code>web+</code> scheme prefix</dfn></h3>
+
+ <p>This section describes a convention for use with the IANA URI scheme registry. It does not
+ itself register a specific scheme. <a href=#refsRFC4395>[RFC4395]</a></p>
+
+ <dl><dt>URI scheme name:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ Schemes starting with the four characters "<code title="">web+</code>" followed by one or more letters in the range
+ <code title="">a</code>-<code title="">z</code>.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Status:</dt>
+ <dd>permanent</dd>
+ <dt>URI scheme syntax:</dt>
+ <dd>Scheme-specific.</dd>
+ <dt>URI scheme semantics:</dt>
+ <dd>Scheme-specific.</dd>
+ <dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>All "<code title="">web+</code>" schemes should use UTF-8 encodings where relevant.</dd>
+ <dt>Applications/protocols that use this URI scheme name:</dt>
+ <dd>Scheme-specific.</dd>
+ <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>The scheme is expected to be used in the context of Web applications.</dd>
+<!--ADD-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Security considerations:</dt>
+ <dd>
+
+ Any Web page is able to register a handler for all "<code title="">web+</code>" schemes. As
+ such, these schemes must not be used for features intended to be core platform features (e.g.
+ network transfer protocols like HTTP or FTP). Similarly, such schemes must not store
+ confidential information in their URLs, such as usernames, passwords, personal information, or
+ confidential project names.
+
+ </dd>
+<!--REMOVE-TOPIC:Security-->
+ <dt>Contact:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>Author/Change controller:</dt>
+ <dd>Ian Hickson &lt;ian@hixie.ch&gt;</dd>
+ <dt>References:</dt>
+ <dd>
+ <cite>Custom scheme and content handlers</cite>, HTML Living Standard:
+ <a href=#custom-handlers>http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/#custom-handlers</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl><h2 class=no-num id=index>Index</h2>
+
+ <div class=impl>
+
+ <p>The following sections only cover conforming elements and features.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <h3 class=no-num id=elements-1>Elements</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <!-- XXX this index doesn't list the palpable elements -->
+
+ <table><caption>List of elements</caption>
+ <thead><tr><th> Element
+ <th> Description
+ <th> Categories
+ <th> Parents&dagger;
+ <th> Children
+ <th> Attributes
+ <th> Interface
+ <tbody><tr><th><code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code></th>
+ <td>Hyperlink</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#transparent>transparent</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>hreflang</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlanchorelement>HTMLAnchorElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code></th>
+ <td>Abbreviation</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code></th>
+ <td>Contact information for a page or <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code> element</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code></th>
+ <td>Hyperlink or dead area on an image map</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-area-alt><a href=#attr-area-alt>alt</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-area-coords><a href=#attr-area-coords>coords</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>shape</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>href</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>target</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>download</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>ping</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>rel</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>hreflang</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>type</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlareaelement>HTMLAreaElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code></th>
+ <td>Self-contained syndicatable or reusable composition</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#sectioning-content title="Sectioning content">sectioning</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code></th>
+ <td>Sidebar for tangentially related content</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#sectioning-content title="Sectioning content">sectioning</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code></th>
+ <td>Audio player</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#embedded-content-category title="Embedded content">embedded</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#transparent>transparent</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-crossorigin><a href=#attr-media-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-loop><a href=#attr-media-loop>loop</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-muted><a href=#attr-media-muted>muted</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlaudioelement>HTMLAudioElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code></th>
+ <td>Keywords</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code></th>
+ <td>Base URL and default target <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> for <a href=#attr-hyperlink-target title=attr-hyperlink-target>hyperlinks</a> and <a href=#attr-fs-target title=attr-fs-target>forms</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#metadata-content title="Metadata content">metadata</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>href</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-base-target><a href=#attr-base-target>target</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlbaseelement>HTMLBaseElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code></th>
+ <td>Text directionality isolation</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code></th>
+ <td>Text directionality formatting</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code></th>
+ <td>A section quoted from another source</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#sectioning-root title="Sectioning root">sectioning root</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-blockquote-cite><a href=#attr-blockquote-cite>cite</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlquoteelement>HTMLQuoteElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code></th>
+ <td>Document body</td>
+ <td><a href=#sectioning-root title="Sectioning root">sectioning root</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=handler-window-onafterprint><a href=#handler-window-onafterprint>onafterprint</a></code>;
+ <code title=handler-window-onbeforeprint><a href=#handler-window-onbeforeprint>onbeforeprint</a></code>;
+ <code title=handler-window-onbeforeunload><a href=#handler-window-onbeforeunload>onbeforeunload</a></code>;
+ <code title=handler-window-onhashchange><a href=#handler-window-onhashchange>onhashchange</a></code>;
+ <code title=handler-window-onlanguagechange><a href=#handler-window-onlanguagechange>onlanguagechange</a></code>;
+ <code title=handler-window-onmessage><a href=#handler-window-onmessage>onmessage</a></code>;
+ <code title=handler-window-onoffline><a href=#handler-window-onoffline>onoffline</a></code>;
+ <code title=handler-window-ononline><a href=#handler-window-ononline>ononline</a></code>;
+ <code title=handler-window-onpagehide><a href=#handler-window-onpagehide>onpagehide</a></code>;
+ <code title=handler-window-onpageshow><a href=#handler-window-onpageshow>onpageshow</a></code>;
+ <code title=handler-window-onpopstate><a href=#handler-window-onpopstate>onpopstate</a></code>;
+ <code title=handler-window-onstorage><a href=#handler-window-onstorage>onstorage</a></code>;
+ <code title=handler-window-onunload><a href=#handler-window-onunload>onunload</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlbodyelement>HTMLBodyElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code></th>
+ <td>Line break, e.g. in poem or postal address</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlbrelement>HTMLBRElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code></th>
+ <td>Button control</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a>;
+ <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed</a>;
+ <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a>;
+ <a href=#form-associated-element title="Form-associated element">form-associated</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-button-menu><a href=#attr-button-menu>menu</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-button-type><a href=#attr-button-type>type</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-button-value><a href=#attr-button-value>value</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlbuttonelement>HTMLButtonElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code></th>
+ <td>Scriptable bitmap canvas</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#embedded-content-category title="Embedded content">embedded</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#transparent>transparent</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-canvas-width><a href=#attr-canvas-width>width</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-canvas-height><a href=#attr-canvas-height>height</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlcanvaselement>HTMLCanvasElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code></th>
+ <td>Table caption</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltablecaptionelement>HTMLTableCaptionElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code></th>
+ <td>Title of a work</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code></th>
+ <td>Computer code</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code></th>
+ <td>Table column</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-col-span><a href=#attr-col-span>span</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltablecolelement>HTMLTableColElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code></th>
+ <td>Group of columns in a table</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-colgroup-span><a href=#attr-colgroup-span>span</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltablecolelement>HTMLTableColElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code></th>
+ <td>Machine-readable equivalent</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-data-value><a href=#attr-data-value>value</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmldataelement>HTMLDataElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code></th>
+ <td>Container for options for <a href=#attr-input-list title=attr-input-list>combo box control</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmldatalistelement>HTMLDataListElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code></th>
+ <td>Content for corresponding <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code> element(s)</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code></th>
+ <td>A removal from the document</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#transparent>transparent</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-mod-cite><a href=#attr-mod-cite>cite</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-mod-datetime><a href=#attr-mod-datetime>datetime</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlmodelement>HTMLModElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code></th>
+ <td>Disclosure control for hiding details</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#sectioning-root title="Sectioning root">sectioning root</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-summary-element>summary</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-details-open><a href=#attr-details-open>open</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmldetailselement>HTMLDetailsElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code></th>
+ <td>Defining instance</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code></th>
+ <td>Dialog box or window</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#sectioning-root title="Sectioning root">sectioning root</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>open</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmldialogelement>HTMLDialogElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code></th>
+ <td>Generic flow container</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmldivelement>HTMLDivElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code></th>
+ <td>Association list consisting of zero or more name-value groups</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmldlistelement>HTMLDListElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code></th>
+ <td>Legend for corresponding <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code> element(s)</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code></th>
+ <td>Stress emphasis</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code></th>
+ <td><a href=#plugin>Plugin</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#embedded-content-category title="Embedded content">embedded</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>src</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-embed-type><a href=#attr-embed-type>type</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>;
+ any*</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlembedelement>HTMLEmbedElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code></th>
+ <td>Group of form controls</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#sectioning-root title="Sectioning root">sectioning root</a>;
+ <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed</a>;
+ <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a>;
+ <a href=#form-associated-element title="Form-associated element">form-associated</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-fieldset-disabled><a href=#attr-fieldset-disabled>disabled</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlfieldsetelement>HTMLFieldSetElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code></th>
+ <td>Caption for <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code></td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code></th>
+ <td>Figure with optional caption</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#sectioning-root title="Sectioning root">sectioning root</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code></th>
+ <td>Footer for a page or section</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code></th>
+ <td>User-submittable form</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-form-accept-charset><a href=#attr-form-accept-charset>accept-charset</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-action><a href=#attr-fs-action>action</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-form-autocomplete><a href=#attr-form-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-enctype><a href=#attr-fs-enctype>enctype</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-method><a href=#attr-fs-method>method</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-form-name><a href=#attr-form-name>name</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-novalidate><a href=#attr-fs-novalidate>novalidate</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-target><a href=#attr-fs-target>target</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code></th>
+ <td>Section heading</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#heading-content title="Heading content">heading</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code>;
+ <a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlheadingelement>HTMLHeadingElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code></th>
+ <td>Container for document metadata</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#metadata-content title="Metadata content">metadata content</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlheadelement>HTMLHeadElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code></th>
+ <td>Introductory or navigational aids for a page or section</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code></th>
+ <td>heading group</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#heading-content title="Heading content">heading</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td>One or more <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code>, and <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code></th>
+ <td>Thematic break</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlhrelement>HTMLHRElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code></th>
+ <td>Root element</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td>none*</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>manifest</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlhtmlelement>HTMLHtmlElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code></th>
+ <td>Alternate voice</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code></th>
+ <td><a href=#nested-browsing-context>Nested browsing context</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#embedded-content-category title="Embedded content">embedded</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td>text*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-iframe-src><a href=#attr-iframe-src>src</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-iframe-name><a href=#attr-iframe-name>name</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>sandbox</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-iframe-seamless><a href=#attr-iframe-seamless>seamless</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-iframe-allowfullscreen><a href=#attr-iframe-allowfullscreen>allowfullscreen</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmliframeelement>HTMLIFrameElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code></th>
+ <td>Image</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#embedded-content-category title="Embedded content">embedded</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a>*;
+ <a href=#form-associated-element title="Form-associated element">form-associated</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>alt</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>src</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>srcset</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-img-crossorigin><a href=#attr-img-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-img-ismap><a href=#attr-img-ismap>ismap</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code></th>
+ <td>Form control</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a>*;
+ <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed</a>;
+ <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a>;
+ <a href=#form-associated-element title="Form-associated element">form-associated</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>accept</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>alt</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>checked</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>formaction</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>formenctype</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>formmethod</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>formnovalidate</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>formtarget</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>list</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>max</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>min</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>minlength</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>multiple</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>readonly</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>required</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>size</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>src</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>step</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>value</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlinputelement>HTMLInputElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code></th>
+ <td>An addition to the document</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#transparent>transparent</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-mod-cite><a href=#attr-mod-cite>cite</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-mod-datetime><a href=#attr-mod-datetime>datetime</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlmodelement>HTMLModElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code></th>
+ <td>User input</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code></th>
+ <td>Cryptographic key-pair generator form control</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a>;
+ <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed</a>;
+ <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a>;
+ <a href=#form-associated-element title="Form-associated element">form-associated</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-keygen-challenge><a href=#attr-keygen-challenge>challenge</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-keygen-keytype><a href=#attr-keygen-keytype>keytype</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlkeygenelement>HTMLKeygenElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code></th>
+ <td>Caption for a form control</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a>;
+ <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a>;
+ <a href=#form-associated-element title="Form-associated element">form-associated</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-label-for><a href=#attr-label-for>for</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmllabelelement>HTMLLabelElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code></th>
+ <td>Caption for <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code></td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmllegendelement>HTMLLegendElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code></th>
+ <td>List item</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-li-value><a href=#attr-li-value>value</a></code>*</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmllielement>HTMLLIElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code></th>
+ <td>Link metadata</td>
+ <td><a href=#metadata-content title="Metadata content">metadata</a>;
+ <a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>*;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>href</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-link-crossorigin><a href=#attr-link-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-link-media><a href=#attr-link-media>media</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-link-hreflang><a href=#attr-link-hreflang>hreflang</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-link-type><a href=#attr-link-type>type</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-link-sizes><a href=#attr-link-sizes>sizes</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmllinkelement>HTMLLinkElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code></th>
+ <td>Container for the dominant contents of another element</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code></th>
+ <td><a href=#image-map>Image map</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#transparent>transparent</a>;
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-map-name><a href=#attr-map-name>name</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlmapelement>HTMLMapElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code></th>
+ <td>Highlight</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code></th>
+ <td>Menu of commands</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code>*</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-menu-label><a href=#attr-menu-label>label</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlmenuelement>HTMLMenuElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code></th>
+ <td>Menu command</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>type</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-label><a href=#attr-menuitem-label>label</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-icon><a href=#attr-menuitem-icon>icon</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-disabled><a href=#attr-menuitem-disabled>disabled</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-checked><a href=#attr-menuitem-checked>checked</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-radiogroup><a href=#attr-menuitem-radiogroup>radiogroup</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-default><a href=#attr-menuitem-default>default</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-command><a href=#attr-menuitem-command>command</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlmenuitemelement>HTMLMenuItemElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code></th>
+ <td>Text metadata</td>
+ <td><a href=#metadata-content title="Metadata content">metadata</a>;
+ <a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>*;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>name</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>http-equiv</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>content</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-meta-charset><a href=#attr-meta-charset>charset</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlmetaelement>HTMLMetaElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code></th>
+ <td>Gauge</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>value</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-meter-min><a href=#attr-meter-min>min</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-meter-max><a href=#attr-meter-max>max</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-meter-low><a href=#attr-meter-low>low</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-meter-high><a href=#attr-meter-high>high</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-meter-optimum><a href=#attr-meter-optimum>optimum</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlmeterelement>HTMLMeterElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code></th>
+ <td>Section with navigational links</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#sectioning-content title="Sectioning content">sectioning</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code></th>
+ <td>Fallback content for script</td>
+ <td><a href=#metadata-content title="Metadata content">metadata</a>;
+ <a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td>varies*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code></th>
+ <td>Image, <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>, or <a href=#plugin>plugin</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#embedded-content-category title="Embedded content">embedded</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a>*;
+ <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed</a>;
+ <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a>;
+ <a href=#form-associated-element title="Form-associated element">form-associated</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#transparent>transparent</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>data</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-object-typemustmatch><a href=#attr-object-typemustmatch>typemustmatch</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-object-name><a href=#attr-object-name>name</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlobjectelement>HTMLObjectElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code></th>
+ <td>Ordered list</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code>;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-ol-reversed><a href=#attr-ol-reversed>reversed</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-ol-start><a href=#attr-ol-start>start</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-ol-type><a href=#attr-ol-type>type</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlolistelement>HTMLOListElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code></th>
+ <td>Group of options in a list box</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-optgroup-disabled><a href=#attr-optgroup-disabled>disabled</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-optgroup-label><a href=#attr-optgroup-label>label</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmloptgroupelement>HTMLOptGroupElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code></th>
+ <td>Option in a list box or combo box control</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#text-content title="text content">text</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-option-disabled><a href=#attr-option-disabled>disabled</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-option-label><a href=#attr-option-label>label</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>selected</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-option-value><a href=#attr-option-value>value</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmloptionelement>HTMLOptionElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code></th>
+ <td>Calculated output value</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed</a>;
+ <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a>;
+ <a href=#form-associated-element title="Form-associated element">form-associated</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-output-for><a href=#attr-output-for>for</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmloutputelement>HTMLOutputElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code></th>
+ <td>Paragraph</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlparagraphelement>HTMLParagraphElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code></th>
+ <td>Parameter for <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code></td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-param-name><a href=#attr-param-name>name</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-param-value><a href=#attr-param-value>value</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlparamelement>HTMLParamElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code></th>
+ <td>Block of preformatted text</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlpreelement>HTMLPreElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code></th>
+ <td>Progress bar</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-progress-value><a href=#attr-progress-value>value</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-progress-max><a href=#attr-progress-max>max</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlprogresselement>HTMLProgressElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code></th>
+ <td>Quotation</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-q-cite><a href=#attr-q-cite>cite</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlquoteelement>HTMLQuoteElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code></th>
+ <td>Parenthesis for ruby annotation text</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code></th>
+ <td>Ruby annotation text</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code></th>
+ <td>Ruby annotation(s)</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code></th>
+ <td>Inaccurate text</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code></th>
+ <td>Computer output</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code></th>
+ <td>Embedded script</td>
+ <td><a href=#metadata-content title="Metadata content">metadata</a>;
+ <a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="Script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="Script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a></td>
+ <td>script, data, or script documentation*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>src</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>type</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-script-charset><a href=#attr-script-charset>charset</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>async</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-script-defer><a href=#attr-script-defer>defer</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-script-crossorigin><a href=#attr-script-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlscriptelement>HTMLScriptElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code></th>
+ <td>Generic document or application section</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#sectioning-content title="Sectioning content">sectioning</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code></th>
+ <td>List box control</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a>;
+ <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed</a>;
+ <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a>;
+ <a href=#form-associated-element title="Form-associated element">form-associated</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code>;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>multiple</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-select-required><a href=#attr-select-required>required</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-select-size><a href=#attr-select-size>size</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlselectelement>HTMLSelectElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code></th>
+ <td>Side comment</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code></th>
+ <td>Media source for <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> or <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code></td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-source-src><a href=#attr-source-src>src</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-source-type><a href=#attr-source-type>type</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlsourceelement>HTMLSourceElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code></th>
+ <td>Generic phrasing container</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlspanelement>HTMLSpanElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code></th>
+ <td>Importance</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code></th>
+ <td>Embedded styling information</td>
+ <td><a href=#metadata-content title="Metadata content">metadata</a>;
+ <a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>*</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#flow-content title="flow content">flow</a>*</td>
+ <td>varies*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-style-media><a href=#attr-style-media>media</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-style-type><a href=#attr-style-type>type</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-style-scoped><a href=#attr-style-scoped>scoped</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlstyleelement>HTMLStyleElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code></th>
+ <td>Subscript</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-summary-element>summary</a></code></th>
+ <td>Caption for <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code></td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sup</a></code></th>
+ <td>Superscript</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code></th>
+ <td>Table</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-table-sortable><a href=#attr-table-sortable>sortable</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltableelement>HTMLTableElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code></th>
+ <td>Group of rows in a table</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code></th>
+ <td>Table cell</td>
+ <td><a href=#sectioning-root title="Sectioning root">sectioning root</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-tdth-colspan><a href=#attr-tdth-colspan>colspan</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-tdth-rowspan><a href=#attr-tdth-rowspan>rowspan</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltabledatacellelement>HTMLTableDataCellElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></th>
+ <td>Template</td>
+ <td><a href=#metadata-content title="Metadata content">metadata</a>;
+ <a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="Script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#metadata-content title="Metadata content">metadata</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements title="Script-supporting elements">script-supporting</a>;
+ <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>*</td>
+ <td>it's complicated*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltemplateelement>HTMLTemplateElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code></th>
+ <td>Multiline text field</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a>;
+ <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>listed</a>;
+ <a href=#category-label title=category-label>labelable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>submittable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>resettable</a>;
+ <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>reassociateable</a>;
+ <a href=#form-associated-element title="Form-associated element">form-associated</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#text-content title="text content">text</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>autofocus</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-cols><a href=#attr-textarea-cols>cols</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>dirname</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>disabled</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>form</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>inputmode</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-maxlength><a href=#attr-textarea-maxlength>maxlength</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-minlength><a href=#attr-textarea-minlength>minlength</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>name</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-placeholder><a href=#attr-textarea-placeholder>placeholder</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-readonly><a href=#attr-textarea-readonly>readonly</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-required><a href=#attr-textarea-required>required</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-rows><a href=#attr-textarea-rows>rows</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-wrap><a href=#attr-textarea-wrap>wrap</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltextareaelement>HTMLTextAreaElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code></th>
+ <td>Group of footer rows in a table</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code></th>
+ <td>Table header cell</td>
+ <td><a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a>*</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-tdth-colspan><a href=#attr-tdth-colspan>colspan</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-tdth-rowspan><a href=#attr-tdth-rowspan>rowspan</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>headers</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>scope</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>sorted</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-th-abbr><a href=#attr-th-abbr>abbr</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltableheadercellelement>HTMLTableHeaderCellElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code></th>
+ <td>Group of heading rows in a table</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code></th>
+ <td>Machine-readable equivalent of date- or time-related data</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-time-datetime><a href=#attr-time-datetime>datetime</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltimeelement>HTMLTimeElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code></th>
+ <td>Document title</td>
+ <td><a href=#metadata-content title="Metadata content">metadata</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><a href=#text-content title="text content">text</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltitleelement>HTMLTitleElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code></th>
+ <td>Table row</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code>*;
+ <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltablerowelement>HTMLTableRowElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code></th>
+ <td>Timed text track</td>
+ <td>none</td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-track-default><a href=#attr-track-default>default</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>kind</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-track-label><a href=#attr-track-label>label</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-track-src><a href=#attr-track-src>src</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-track-srclang><a href=#attr-track-srclang>srclang</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmltrackelement>HTMLTrackElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code></th>
+ <td>Keywords</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code></th>
+ <td>List</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code>;
+ <a href=#script-supporting-elements>script-supporting elements</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlulistelement>HTMLUListElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code></th>
+ <td>Variable</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code></th>
+ <td>Video player</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a>;
+ <a href=#embedded-content-category title="Embedded content">embedded</a>;
+ <a href=#interactive-content title="Interactive content">interactive</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code>*;
+ <a href=#transparent>transparent</a>*</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a>;
+ <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>src</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-crossorigin><a href=#attr-media-crossorigin>crossorigin</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-video-poster><a href=#attr-video-poster>poster</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>preload</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>autoplay</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>mediagroup</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-loop><a href=#attr-media-loop>loop</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-muted><a href=#attr-media-muted>muted</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>width</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>height</a></code></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlvideoelement>HTMLVideoElement</a></code></td>
+ <tr><th><code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code></th>
+ <td>Line breaking opportunity</td>
+ <td><a href=#flow-content title="Flow content">flow</a>;
+ <a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td><a href=#phrasing-content title="Phrasing content">phrasing</a></td>
+ <td>empty</td>
+ <td><a href=#global-attributes title="global attributes">globals</a></td>
+ <td><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code></td>
+ </table><p class=tablenote><small>An asterisk (*) in a cell indicates that the actual rules are more
+ complicated than indicated in the table above.</small></p>
+
+ <p class=tablenote><small>&dagger; Categories in the "Parents" column refer to parents that list
+ the given categories in their content model, not to elements that themselves are in those
+ categories. For example, the <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element's "Parents" column says "phrasing", so any
+ element whose content model contains the "phrasing" category could be a parent of an
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element. Since the "flow" category includes all the "phrasing" elements, that means
+ the <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> element could be a parent to an <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code> element.</small></p>
+
+
+
+ <h3 class=no-num id=element-content-categories>Element content categories</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <!-- when updating this also check the category-list <ul>s -->
+
+ <table><caption>List of element content categories</caption>
+ <thead><tr><th> Category
+ <th> Elements
+ <th> Elements with exceptions
+ <tbody><tr><td> <a href=#metadata-content>Metadata content</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code>
+ <td>
+ &mdash;
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#flow-content>Flow content</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#math>math</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sup</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#svg>svg</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code>;
+ <a href=#text-content title="text content">Text</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> (if it is a descendant of a <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> element);
+ <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present);
+ <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present);
+ <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-style-scoped><a href=#attr-style-scoped>scoped</a></code> attribute is present)
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#sectioning-content>Sectioning content</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>
+ <td>
+ &mdash;
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#heading-content>Heading content</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code>
+ <td>
+ &mdash;
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#phrasing-content>Phrasing content</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#math>math</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sup</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#svg>svg</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code>;
+ <a href=#text-content title="text content">Text</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code> (if it is a descendant of a <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code> element);
+ <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present);
+ <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-itemprop><a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute>itemprop</a></code> attribute is present)
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#embedded-content-category>Embedded content</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#math>math</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#svg>svg</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>
+ <td>
+ &mdash;
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#interactive-content>Interactive content</a>*
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> attribute is present);
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attribute is present);
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is <em>not</em> in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state);
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attribute is present)<!-- see also comment in <object> section -->;
+ <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code> (for <a href=#sorting-interface-th-element title="sorting interface th element">sorting interface <code>th</code> elements</a>)
+ <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> attribute is present)
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#sectioning-root title="sectioning root">Sectioning roots</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>
+ <td>
+ &mdash;
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#form-associated-element title="form-associated element">Form-associated elements</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>
+ <td>
+ &mdash;
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#category-listed title=category-listed>Listed elements</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ <td>
+ &mdash;
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#category-submit title=category-submit>Submittable elements</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ <td>
+ &mdash;
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#category-reset title=category-reset>Resettable elements</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ <td>
+ &mdash;
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#category-label title=category-label>Labelable elements</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ <td>
+ &mdash;
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#category-form-attr title=category-form-attr>Reassociateable elements</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ <td>
+ &mdash;
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#palpable-content>Palpable content</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#math>math</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sup</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#svg>svg</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>controls</a></code> attribute is present);
+ <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code> (if the element's children include at least one name-value group);
+ <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>type</a></code> attribute is <em>not</em> in the <a href="#hidden-state-(type=hidden)" title=attr-input-type-hidden>Hidden</a> state);
+ <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> (if the <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>type</a></code> attribute is in the <a href=#toolbar-state title="toolbar state">toolbar</a> state);
+ <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code> (if the element's children include at least one <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element);
+ <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code> (if the element's children include at least one <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code> element);
+ <a href=#text-content title="text content">Text</a> that is not <a href=#inter-element-whitespace>inter-element whitespace</a>
+
+ <tr><td> <a href=#script-supporting-elements>Script-supporting elements</a>
+ <td>
+ <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>;
+ <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>
+ <td>
+ &mdash;
+
+ </table><p class=tablenote><small>* The <code title=attr-tabindex><a href=#attr-tabindex>tabindex</a></code> attribute can also
+ make any element into <a href=#interactive-content>interactive content</a>.</small></p>
+
+
+
+ <h3 class=no-num id=attributes-1>Attributes</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <table><caption>List of attributes (excluding event handler content attributes)</caption>
+ <thead><tr><th> Attribute
+ <th> Element(s)
+ <th> Description
+ <th> Value
+ <tbody><tr><th> <code title="">abbr</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-th-abbr><a href=#attr-th-abbr>th</a></code>
+ <td> Alternative label to use for the header cell when referencing the cell in other contexts
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">accept</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-accept><a href=#attr-input-accept>input</a></code>
+ <td> Hint for expected file type in <a href="#file-upload-state-(type=file)" title=attr-input-type-file>file upload controls</a>
+ <td> <a href=#set-of-comma-separated-tokens>Set of comma-separated tokens</a>* consisting of <a href=#valid-mime-type title="valid MIME type">valid MIME types with no parameters</a> or <code title="">audio/*</code>, <code title="">video/*</code>, or <code title="">image/*</code>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">accept-charset</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-form-accept-charset><a href=#attr-form-accept-charset>form</a></code>
+ <td> Character encodings to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> <a href=#ordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>Ordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a>, <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a>, consisting of <a href=#encoding-label title="encoding label">labels</a> of <a href=#ascii-compatible-character-encoding title="ASCII-compatible character encoding">ASCII-compatible character encodings</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">accesskey</code>
+ <td> <a href=#the-accesskey-attribute title=attr-accesskey>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Keyboard shortcut to activate or focus element
+ <td> <a href=#ordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>Ordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a>, <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>, consisting of one Unicode code point in length
+ <tr><th> <code title="">action</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fs-action><a href=#attr-fs-action>form</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#url>URL</a> to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>Valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">allowfullscreen</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-iframe-allowfullscreen><a href=#attr-iframe-allowfullscreen>iframe</a></code>
+ <td> Whether to allow the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>'s contents to use <code title=dom-element-requestFullscreen><a href=#dom-element-requestfullscreen>requestFullscreen()</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">alt</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-area-alt><a href=#attr-area-alt>area</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-img-alt><a href=#attr-img-alt>img</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-alt><a href=#attr-input-alt>input</a></code>
+ <td> Replacement text for use when images are not available
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">async</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-script-async><a href=#attr-script-async>script</a></code>
+ <td> Execute script asynchronously
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">autocomplete</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-form-autocomplete><a href=#attr-form-autocomplete>form</a></code>
+ <td> Default setting for autofill feature for controls in the form
+ <td> "<code title="">on</code>"; "<code title="">off</code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">autocomplete</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>select</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autocomplete><a href=#attr-fe-autocomplete>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Hint for form autofill feature
+ <td> <a href=#autofill-field title="autofill field">Autofill field</a> name and related tokens*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">autofocus</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>button</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>select</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-autofocus><a href=#attr-fe-autofocus>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Automatically focus the form control when the page is loaded
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">autoplay</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>audio</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-autoplay><a href=#attr-media-autoplay>video</a></code>
+ <td> Hint that the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> can be started automatically when the page is loaded
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">challenge</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-keygen-challenge><a href=#attr-keygen-challenge>keygen</a></code>
+ <td> String to package with the generated and signed public key
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">charset</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-meta-charset><a href=#attr-meta-charset>meta</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#character-encoding-declaration>Character encoding declaration</a>
+ <td> <a href=#encoding-label>Encoding label</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">charset</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-script-charset><a href=#attr-script-charset>script</a></code>
+ <td> Character encoding of the external script resource
+ <td> <a href=#encoding-label>Encoding label</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">checked</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-menuitem-checked><a href=#attr-menuitem-checked>menuitem</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-checked><a href=#attr-input-checked>input</a></code>
+ <td> Whether the command or control is checked
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">cite</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-blockquote-cite><a href=#attr-blockquote-cite>blockquote</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-mod-cite><a href=#attr-mod-cite>del</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-mod-cite><a href=#attr-mod-cite>ins</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-q-cite><a href=#attr-q-cite>q</a></code>
+ <td> Link to the source of the quotation or more information about the edit
+ <td> <a href=#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>Valid URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">class</code>
+ <td> <a href=#classes title=attr-class>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Classes to which the element belongs
+ <td> <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>Set of space-separated tokens</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">cols</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-textarea-cols><a href=#attr-textarea-cols>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Maximum number of characters per line
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>Valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero
+ <tr><th> <code title="">colspan</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-tdth-colspan><a href=#attr-tdth-colspan>td</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-tdth-colspan><a href=#attr-tdth-colspan>th</a></code>
+ <td> Number of columns that the cell is to span
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>Valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero
+ <tr><th> <code title="">command</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-menuitem-command><a href=#attr-menuitem-command>menuitem</a></code>
+ <td> Command definition
+ <td> <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">content</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-meta-content><a href=#attr-meta-content>meta</a></code>
+ <td> Value of the element
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">contenteditable</code>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-contenteditable title=attr-contenteditable>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Whether the element is editable
+ <td> "<code title="">true</code>"; "<code title="">false</code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">contextmenu</code>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-contextmenu title=attr-contextmenu>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> The element's context menu
+ <td> <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">controls</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>audio</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-controls><a href=#attr-media-controls>video</a></code>
+ <td> Show user agent controls
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">coords</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-area-coords><a href=#attr-area-coords>area</a></code>
+ <td> Coordinates for the shape to be created in an <a href=#image-map>image map</a>
+ <td> <a href=#valid-list-of-integers>Valid list of integers</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">crossorigin</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-media-crossorigin><a href=#attr-media-crossorigin>audio</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-img-crossorigin><a href=#attr-img-crossorigin>img</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-link-crossorigin><a href=#attr-link-crossorigin>link</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-script-crossorigin><a href=#attr-script-crossorigin>script</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-crossorigin><a href=#attr-media-crossorigin>video</a></code>
+ <td> How the element handles crossorigin requests
+ <td> "<code title=attr-crossorigin-anonymous-keyword><a href=#attr-crossorigin-anonymous-keyword>anonymous</a></code>"; "<code title=attr-crossorigin-use-credentials-keyword><a href=#attr-crossorigin-use-credentials-keyword>use-credentials</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">data</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-object-data><a href=#attr-object-data>object</a></code>
+ <td> Address of the resource
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>Valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">datetime</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-mod-datetime><a href=#attr-mod-datetime>del</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-mod-datetime><a href=#attr-mod-datetime>ins</a></code>
+ <td> Date and (optionally) time of the change
+ <td> <a href=#valid-date-string-with-optional-time>Valid date string with optional time</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">datetime</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-time-datetime><a href=#attr-time-datetime>time</a></code>
+ <td> Machine-readable value
+ <td> <a href=#valid-month-string>Valid month string</a>,
+ <a href=#valid-date-string>valid date string</a>,
+ <a href=#valid-yearless-date-string>valid yearless date string</a>,
+ <a href=#valid-time-string>valid time string</a>,
+ <a href=#valid-local-date-and-time-string>valid local date and time string</a>,
+ <a href=#valid-time-zone-offset-string>valid time-zone offset string</a>,
+ <a href=#valid-global-date-and-time-string>valid global date and time string</a>,
+ <a href=#valid-week-string>valid week string</a>,
+ <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a>, or
+ <a href=#valid-duration-string>valid duration string</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">default</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-menuitem-default><a href=#attr-menuitem-default>menuitem</a></code>
+ <td> Mark the command as being a default command
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">default</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-track-default><a href=#attr-track-default>track</a></code>
+ <td> Enable the track if no other <a href=#text-track>text track</a> is more suitable
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">defer</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-script-defer><a href=#attr-script-defer>script</a></code>
+ <td> Defer script execution
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">dir</code>
+ <td> <a href=#the-dir-attribute title=attr-dir>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">The text directionality</a> of the element
+ <td> "<code title=attr-dir-ltr><a href=#attr-dir-ltr>ltr</a></code>"; "<code title=attr-dir-rtl><a href=#attr-dir-rtl>rtl</a></code>"; "<code title=attr-dir-auto><a href=#attr-dir-auto>auto</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">dir</code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">The text directionality</a> of the element
+ <td> "<code title=attr-dir-ltr><a href=#attr-dir-ltr>ltr</a></code>"; "<code title=attr-dir-rtl><a href=#attr-dir-rtl>rtl</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">dirname</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-dirname><a href=#attr-fe-dirname>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Name of form field to use for sending the element's <a href=#the-directionality title="the directionality">directionality</a> in <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">disabled</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>button</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-menuitem-disabled><a href=#attr-menuitem-disabled>menuitem</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fieldset-disabled><a href=#attr-fieldset-disabled>fieldset</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-optgroup-disabled><a href=#attr-optgroup-disabled>optgroup</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-option-disabled><a href=#attr-option-disabled>option</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>select</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-disabled><a href=#attr-fe-disabled>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Whether the form control is disabled
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">download</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>a</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-download><a href=#attr-hyperlink-download>area</a></code>
+ <td> Whether to download the resource instead of navigating to it, and its file name if so
+ <td> Text
+ <tr><th> <code title="">draggable</code>
+ <td> <a href=#the-draggable-attribute title=attr-draggable>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Whether the element is draggable
+ <td> "<code title="">true</code>"; "<code title="">false</code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">dropzone</code>
+ <td> <a href=#the-dropzone-attribute title=attr-dropzone>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Accepted item types for drag-and-drop
+ <td> <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>Unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a>, <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a>, consisting of accepted types and drag feedback*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">enctype</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fs-enctype><a href=#attr-fs-enctype>form</a></code>
+ <td> Form data set encoding type to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> "<code title=attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code>"; "<code title=attr-fs-enctype-formdata><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-formdata>multipart/form-data</a></code>"; "<code title=attr-fs-enctype-text><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-text>text/plain</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">for</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-label-for><a href=#attr-label-for>label</a></code>
+ <td> Associate the label with form control
+ <td> <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">for</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-output-for><a href=#attr-output-for>output</a></code>
+ <td> Specifies controls from which the output was calculated
+ <td> <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>Unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a>, <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>, consisting of IDs*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">form</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>button</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>fieldset</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>label</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>object</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>output</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>select</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fae-form><a href=#attr-fae-form>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Associates the control with a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element
+ <td> <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">formaction</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>button</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formaction><a href=#attr-fs-formaction>input</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#url>URL</a> to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>Valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">formenctype</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>button</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formenctype><a href=#attr-fs-formenctype>input</a></code>
+ <td> Form data set encoding type to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> "<code title=attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-urlencoded>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</a></code>"; "<code title=attr-fs-enctype-formdata><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-formdata>multipart/form-data</a></code>"; "<code title=attr-fs-enctype-text><a href=#attr-fs-enctype-text>text/plain</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">formmethod</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>button</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formmethod><a href=#attr-fs-formmethod>input</a></code>
+ <td> HTTP method to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> "<code title="">GET</code>"; "<code title="">POST</code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">formnovalidate</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>button</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formnovalidate><a href=#attr-fs-formnovalidate>input</a></code>
+ <td> Bypass form control validation for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">formtarget</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>button</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fs-formtarget><a href=#attr-fs-formtarget>input</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#browsing-context>Browsing context</a> for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> <a href=#valid-browsing-context-name-or-keyword>Valid browsing context name or keyword</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">headers</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>td</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-tdth-headers><a href=#attr-tdth-headers>th</a></code>
+ <td> The header cells for this cell
+ <td> <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>Unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a>, <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>, consisting of IDs*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">height</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-canvas-height><a href=#attr-canvas-height>canvas</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>embed</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>iframe</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>img</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>object</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-height><a href=#attr-dim-height>video</a></code>
+ <td> Vertical dimension
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>Valid non-negative integer</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">hidden</code>
+ <td> <a href=#the-hidden-attribute title=attr-hidden>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Whether the element is relevant
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">high</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-meter-high><a href=#attr-meter-high>meter</a></code>
+ <td> Low limit of high range
+ <td> <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>Valid floating-point number</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">href</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>a</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-href><a href=#attr-hyperlink-href>area</a></code>
+ <td> Address of the <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>
+ <td> <a href=#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>Valid URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">href</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-link-href><a href=#attr-link-href>link</a></code>
+ <td> Address of the <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a>
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>Valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">href</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-base-href><a href=#attr-base-href>base</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#document-base-url>Document base URL</a>
+ <td> <a href=#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>Valid URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">hreflang</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>a</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-hreflang><a href=#attr-hyperlink-hreflang>area</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-link-hreflang><a href=#attr-link-hreflang>link</a></code>
+ <td> Language of the linked resource
+ <td> Valid BCP 47 language tag
+ <tr><th> <code title="">http-equiv</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-meta-http-equiv><a href=#attr-meta-http-equiv>meta</a></code>
+ <td> Pragma directive
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">icon</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-menuitem-icon><a href=#attr-menuitem-icon>menuitem</a></code>
+ <td> Icon for the command
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>Valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">id</code>
+ <td> <a href=#the-id-attribute title=attr-id>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> The element's <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a>
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">inputmode</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-inputmode><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Hint for selecting an input modality
+ <td> "<code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-verbatim><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-verbatim>verbatim</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin>latin</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin-name><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin-name>latin-name</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin-prose><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-latin-prose>latin-prose</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-full-width-latin><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-full-width-latin>full-width-latin</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-kana><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-kana>kana</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-kana-name><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-kana-name>kana-name</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-katakana><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-katakana>katakana</a></code>";
+ <!-- "<code title="attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-half-width-katakana">half-width-katakana</code>"; -->
+ "<code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-numeric><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-numeric>numeric</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-tel><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-tel>tel</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-email><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-email>email</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-url><a href=#attr-fe-inputmode-keyword-url>url</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">ismap</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-img-ismap><a href=#attr-img-ismap>img</a></code>
+ <td> Whether the image is a server-side image map
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">itemid</code>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-itemid title=attr-itemid>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <a href=#global-identifier>Global identifier</a> for a microdata item
+ <td> <a href=#valid-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>Valid URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">itemprop</code>
+ <td> <a href=#names:-the-itemprop-attribute title=attr-itemprop>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <a href=#property-names>Property names</a> of a microdata item
+ <td> <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>Unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a>, <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>, consisting of <a href=#absolute-url title="absolute URL">valid absolute URLs</a>, <a href=#defined-property-name title="defined property name">defined property names</a>, or text*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">itemref</code>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-itemref title=attr-itemref>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Referenced elements
+ <td> <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>Unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a>, <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>, consisting of IDs*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">itemscope</code>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-itemscope title=attr-itemscope>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Introduces a microdata item
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">itemtype</code>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-itemtype title=attr-itemtype>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <a href=#item-types>Item types</a> of a microdata item
+ <td> <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>Unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a>, <a href=#case-sensitive>case-sensitive</a>, consisting of <a href=#absolute-url title="absolute URL">valid absolute URL</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">keytype</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-keygen-keytype><a href=#attr-keygen-keytype>keygen</a></code>
+ <td> The type of cryptographic key to generate
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">kind</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-track-kind><a href=#attr-track-kind>track</a></code>
+ <td> The type of text track
+ <td> "<code title=attr-track-kind-subtitles><a href=#attr-track-kind-subtitles>subtitles</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-track-kind-captions><a href=#attr-track-kind-captions>captions</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-track-kind-descriptions><a href=#attr-track-kind-descriptions>descriptions</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-track-kind-chapters><a href=#attr-track-kind-chapters>chapters</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-track-kind-metadata><a href=#attr-track-kind-metadata>metadata</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">label</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-menuitem-label><a href=#attr-menuitem-label>menuitem</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-menu-label><a href=#attr-menu-label>menu</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-optgroup-label><a href=#attr-optgroup-label>optgroup</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-option-label><a href=#attr-option-label>option</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-track-label><a href=#attr-track-label>track</a></code>
+ <td> User-visible label
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">lang</code>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-lang title=attr-lang>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <a href=#language>Language</a> of the element
+ <td> Valid BCP 47 language tag or the empty string
+ <tr><th> <code title="">list</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-list><a href=#attr-input-list>input</a></code>
+ <td> List of autocomplete options
+ <td> <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">loop</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-media-loop><a href=#attr-media-loop>audio</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-loop><a href=#attr-media-loop>video</a></code>
+ <td> Whether to loop the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a>
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">low</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-meter-low><a href=#attr-meter-low>meter</a></code>
+ <td> High limit of low range
+ <td> <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>Valid floating-point number</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">manifest</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-html-manifest><a href=#attr-html-manifest>html</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#concept-appcache-manifest title=concept-appcache-manifest>Application cache manifest</a>
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>Valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">max</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-max><a href=#attr-input-max>input</a></code>
+ <td> Maximum value
+ <td> Varies*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">max</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-meter-max><a href=#attr-meter-max>meter</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-progress-max><a href=#attr-progress-max>progress</a></code>
+ <td> Upper bound of range
+ <td> <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>Valid floating-point number</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">maxlength</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-maxlength><a href=#attr-input-maxlength>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-maxlength><a href=#attr-textarea-maxlength>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Maximum length of value
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>Valid non-negative integer</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">media</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-link-media><a href=#attr-link-media>link</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-style-media><a href=#attr-style-media>style</a></code>
+ <td> Applicable media
+ <td> <a href=#valid-media-query>Valid media query</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">mediagroup</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>audio</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-mediagroup><a href=#attr-media-mediagroup>video</a></code>
+ <td> Groups <a href=#media-element title="media element">media elements</a> together with an implicit <code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">menu</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-button-menu><a href=#attr-button-menu>button</a></code>
+ <td> Specifies the element's <a href=#designated-pop-up-menu>designated pop-up menu</a>
+ <td> <a href=#concept-id title=concept-id>ID</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">method</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fs-method><a href=#attr-fs-method>form</a></code>
+ <td> HTTP method to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> "<code title=attr-fs-method-GET-keyword><a href=#attr-fs-method-get-keyword>GET</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-fs-method-POST-keyword><a href=#attr-fs-method-post-keyword>POST</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-fs-method-dialog-keyword><a href=#attr-fs-method-dialog-keyword>dialog</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">min</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-min><a href=#attr-input-min>input</a></code>
+ <td> Minimum value
+ <td> Varies*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">min</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-meter-min><a href=#attr-meter-min>meter</a></code>
+ <td> Lower bound of range
+ <td> <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>Valid floating-point number</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">minlength</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-minlength><a href=#attr-input-minlength>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-minlength><a href=#attr-textarea-minlength>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Minimum length of value
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>Valid non-negative integer</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">multiple</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-multiple><a href=#attr-input-multiple>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-select-multiple><a href=#attr-select-multiple>select</a></code>
+ <td> Whether to allow multiple values
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">muted</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-media-muted><a href=#attr-media-muted>audio</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-muted><a href=#attr-media-muted>video</a></code>
+ <td> Whether to mute the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> by default
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">name</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>button</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>fieldset</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>keygen</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>output</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>select</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-fe-name><a href=#attr-fe-name>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Name of form control to use for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a> and in the <code title=dom-form-elements><a href=#dom-form-elements>form.elements</a></code> API <!--or: Name of form control to use in the <code title="dom-form-elements">form.elements</code> API -->
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">name</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-form-name><a href=#attr-form-name>form</a></code>
+ <td> Name of form to use in the <code title=dom-document-forms><a href=#dom-document-forms>document.forms</a></code> API
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">name</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-iframe-name><a href=#attr-iframe-name>iframe</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-object-name><a href=#attr-object-name>object</a></code>
+ <td> Name of <a href=#nested-browsing-context>nested browsing context</a>
+ <td> <a href=#valid-browsing-context-name-or-keyword>Valid browsing context name or keyword</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">name</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-map-name><a href=#attr-map-name>map</a></code>
+ <td> Name of <a href=#image-map>image map</a> to reference from the <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>usemap</a></code> attribute
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">name</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-meta-name><a href=#attr-meta-name>meta</a></code>
+ <td> Metadata name
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">name</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-param-name><a href=#attr-param-name>param</a></code>
+ <td> Name of parameter
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">novalidate</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fs-novalidate><a href=#attr-fs-novalidate>form</a></code>
+ <td> Bypass form control validation for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">open</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-details-open><a href=#attr-details-open>details</a></code>
+ <td> Whether the details are visible
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">open</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-dialog-open><a href=#attr-dialog-open>dialog</a></code>
+ <td> Whether the dialog box is showing
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">optimum</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-meter-optimum><a href=#attr-meter-optimum>meter</a></code>
+ <td> Optimum value in gauge
+ <td> <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>Valid floating-point number</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">pattern</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>input</a></code>
+ <td> Pattern to be matched by the form control's value
+ <td> Regular expression matching the JavaScript <i title="">Pattern</i> production
+ <tr><th> <code title="">ping</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>a</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-ping><a href=#ping>area</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#url title=URL>URLs</a> to ping
+ <td> <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>Set of space-separated tokens</a> consisting of <a href=#valid-non-empty-url title="valid non-empty URL">valid non-empty URLs</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">placeholder</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-placeholder><a href=#attr-input-placeholder>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-placeholder><a href=#attr-textarea-placeholder>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> User-visible label to be placed within the form control
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">poster</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-video-poster><a href=#attr-video-poster>video</a></code>
+ <td> Poster frame to show prior to video playback
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>Valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">preload</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>audio</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-preload><a href=#attr-media-preload>video</a></code>
+ <td> Hints how much buffering the <a href=#media-resource>media resource</a> will likely need
+ <td> "<code title=attr-media-preload-none><a href=#attr-media-preload-none>none</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-media-preload-metadata><a href=#attr-media-preload-metadata>metadata</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-media-preload-auto><a href=#attr-media-preload-auto>auto</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">radiogroup</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-menuitem-radiogroup><a href=#attr-menuitem-radiogroup>menuitem</a></code>
+ <td> Name of group of commands to treat as a radio button group
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">readonly</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-readonly><a href=#attr-input-readonly>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-readonly><a href=#attr-textarea-readonly>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Whether to allow the value to be edited by the user
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">rel</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>a</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-rel><a href=#attr-hyperlink-rel>area</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>link</a></code>
+ <td> Relationship between the document containing the hyperlink and the destination resource
+ <td> <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>Set of space-separated tokens</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">required</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-required><a href=#attr-input-required>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-select-required><a href=#attr-select-required>select</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-textarea-required><a href=#attr-textarea-required>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Whether the control is required for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">reversed</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-ol-reversed><a href=#attr-ol-reversed>ol</a></code>
+ <td> Number the list backwards
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">rows</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-textarea-rows><a href=#attr-textarea-rows>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> Number of lines to show
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>Valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero
+ <tr><th> <code title="">rowspan</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-tdth-rowspan><a href=#attr-tdth-rowspan>td</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-tdth-rowspan><a href=#attr-tdth-rowspan>th</a></code>
+ <td> Number of rows that the cell is to span
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>Valid non-negative integer</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">sandbox</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-iframe-sandbox><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox>iframe</a></code>
+ <td> Security rules for nested content
+ <td> <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>Unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a>, <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a>, consisting of
+ "<code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-forms><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-forms>allow-forms</a></code>",
+ "<code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-pointer-lock><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-pointer-lock>allow-pointer-lock</a></code>",
+ "<code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-popups><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-popups>allow-popups</a></code>",
+ "<code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-same-origin>allow-same-origin</a></code>",
+ "<code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-scripts>allow-scripts</a></code> and
+ "<code title=attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-top-navigation><a href=#attr-iframe-sandbox-allow-top-navigation>allow-top-navigation</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">spellcheck</code>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-spellcheck title=attr-spellcheck>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Whether the element is to have its spelling and grammar checked
+ <td> "<code title="">true</code>"; "<code title="">false</code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">scope</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-th-scope><a href=#attr-th-scope>th</a></code>
+ <td> Specifies which cells the header cell applies to
+ <td> "<code title=attr-th-scope-row><a href=#attr-th-scope-row>row</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-th-scope-col><a href=#attr-th-scope-col>col</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-th-scope-rowgroup><a href=#attr-th-scope-rowgroup>rowgroup</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-th-scope-colgroup><a href=#attr-th-scope-colgroup>colgroup</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">scoped</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-style-scoped><a href=#attr-style-scoped>style</a></code>
+ <td> Whether the styles apply to the entire document or just the parent subtree
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">seamless</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-iframe-seamless><a href=#attr-iframe-seamless>iframe</a></code>
+ <td> Whether to apply the document's styles to the nested content
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">selected</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-option-selected><a href=#attr-option-selected>option</a></code>
+ <td> Whether the option is selected by default
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">shape</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-area-shape><a href=#attr-area-shape>area</a></code>
+ <td> The kind of shape to be created in an <a href=#image-map>image map</a>
+ <td> "<code title=attr-area-shape-keyword-circle><a href=#attr-area-shape-keyword-circle>circle</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-area-shape-keyword-default><a href=#attr-area-shape-keyword-default>default</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-area-shape-keyword-poly><a href=#attr-area-shape-keyword-poly>poly</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-area-shape-keyword-rect><a href=#attr-area-shape-keyword-rect>rect</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">size</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-size><a href=#attr-input-size>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-select-size><a href=#attr-select-size>select</a></code>
+ <td> Size of the control
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>Valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero
+ <tr><th> <code title="">sizes</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-link-sizes><a href=#attr-link-sizes>link</a></code>
+ <td> Sizes of the icons (for <code title=attr-link-rel><a href=#attr-link-rel>rel</a></code>="<code title=rel-icon><a href=#rel-icon>icon</a></code>")
+ <td> <a href=#unordered-set-of-unique-space-separated-tokens>Unordered set of unique space-separated tokens</a>, <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a>, consisting of sizes*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">sortable</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-table-sortable><a href=#attr-table-sortable>table</a></code>
+ <td> Enables a sorting interface for the table
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">sorted</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-th-sorted><a href=#attr-th-sorted>th</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#column-sort-direction>Column sort direction</a> and <a href=#column-key-ordinality title="column key ordinality">ordinality</a>
+ <td> <a href=#set-of-space-separated-tokens>Set of space-separated tokens</a>, <a href=#ascii-case-insensitive>ASCII case-insensitive</a>, consisting of neither, one, or both of "<code title=attr-th-sorted-reversed><a href=#attr-th-sorted-reversed>reversed</a></code>" and a <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero
+ <tr><th> <code title="">span</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-col-span><a href=#attr-col-span>col</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-colgroup-span><a href=#attr-colgroup-span>colgroup</a></code>
+ <td> Number of columns spanned by the element
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>Valid non-negative integer</a> greater than zero
+ <tr><th> <code title="">src</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>audio</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-embed-src><a href=#attr-embed-src>embed</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-iframe-src><a href=#attr-iframe-src>iframe</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-img-src><a href=#attr-img-src>img</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-input-src><a href=#attr-input-src>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-script-src><a href=#attr-script-src>script</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-source-src><a href=#attr-source-src>source</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-track-src><a href=#attr-track-src>track</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-media-src><a href=#attr-media-src>video</a></code>
+ <td> Address of the resource
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-empty-url-potentially-surrounded-by-spaces>Valid non-empty URL potentially surrounded by spaces</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">srcdoc</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc><a href=#attr-iframe-srcdoc>iframe</a></code>
+ <td> A document to render in the <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>
+ <td> The source of <a href=#an-iframe-srcdoc-document>an <code>iframe</code> <code title=attr-iframe-srcdoc>srcdoc</code> document</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">srclang</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-track-srclang><a href=#attr-track-srclang>track</a></code>
+ <td> Language of the text track
+ <td> Valid BCP 47 language tag
+ <tr><th> <code title="">srcset</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-img-srcset><a href=#attr-img-srcset>img</a></code>
+ <td> Images to use in different situations (e.g. high-resolution displays, small monitors, etc)
+ <td> Comma-separated list of <span>image candidate strings</span>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">start</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-ol-start><a href=#attr-ol-start>ol</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#ordinal-value>Ordinal value</a> of the first item
+ <td> <a href=#valid-integer>Valid integer</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">step</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-step><a href=#attr-input-step>input</a></code>
+ <td> Granularity to be matched by the form control's value
+ <td> <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>Valid floating-point number</a> greater than zero, or "<code title="">any</code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">style</code>
+ <td> <a href=#the-style-attribute title=attr-style>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Presentational and formatting instructions
+ <td> CSS declarations*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">tabindex</code>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-tabindex title=attr-tabindex>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Whether the element is focusable, and the relative order of the element for the purposes of sequential focus navigation
+ <td> <a href=#valid-integer>Valid integer</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">target</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>a</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-target><a href=#attr-hyperlink-target>area</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#browsing-context>Browsing context</a> for <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a>
+ <td> <a href=#valid-browsing-context-name-or-keyword>Valid browsing context name or keyword</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">target</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-base-target><a href=#attr-base-target>base</a></code>
+ <td> Default <a href=#browsing-context>browsing context</a> for <a href=#hyperlink>hyperlink</a> <a href=#navigate title=navigate>navigation</a> and <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> <a href=#valid-browsing-context-name-or-keyword>Valid browsing context name or keyword</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">target</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-fs-target><a href=#attr-fs-target>form</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#browsing-context>Browsing context</a> for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> <a href=#valid-browsing-context-name-or-keyword>Valid browsing context name or keyword</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">title</code>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-title title=attr-title>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Advisory information for the element
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">title</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-abbr-title><a href=#attr-abbr-title>abbr</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dfn-title><a href=#attr-dfn-title>dfn</a></code>
+ <td> Full term or expansion of abbreviation
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">title</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-title><a href=#attr-input-title>input</a></code>
+ <td> Description of pattern (when used with <code title=attr-input-pattern><a href=#attr-input-pattern>pattern</a></code> attribute)
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">title</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-menuitem-title><a href=#attr-menuitem-title>menuitem</a></code>
+ <td> Hint describing the command
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">title</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-link-title><a href=#attr-link-title>link</a></code>
+ <td> Title of the link
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">title</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-link-title><a href=#attr-link-title>link</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-style-title><a href=#attr-style-title>style</a></code>
+ <td> Alternative style sheet set name
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">translate</code>
+ <td> <a href=#attr-translate title=attr-translate>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> Whether the element is to be translated when the page is localized
+ <td> "<code title="">yes</code>"; "<code title="">no</code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">type</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>a</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-type><a href=#attr-hyperlink-type>area</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-link-type><a href=#attr-link-type>link</a></code>
+ <td> Hint for the type of the referenced resource
+ <td> <a href=#valid-mime-type>Valid MIME type</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">type</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-button-type><a href=#attr-button-type>button</a></code>
+ <td> Type of button
+ <td> "<code title=attr-button-type-submit><a href=#attr-button-type-submit>submit</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-button-type-reset><a href=#attr-button-type-reset>reset</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-button-type-button><a href=#attr-button-type-button>button</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-button-type-menu><a href=#attr-button-type-menu>menu</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">type</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-embed-type><a href=#attr-embed-type>embed</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>object</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-script-type><a href=#attr-script-type>script</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-source-type><a href=#attr-source-type>source</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-style-type><a href=#attr-style-type>style</a></code>
+ <td> Type of embedded resource
+ <td> <a href=#valid-mime-type>Valid MIME type</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">type</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-type><a href=#attr-input-type>input</a></code>
+ <td> Type of form control
+ <td> <a href=#attr-input-type title=attr-input-type><code>input</code> type keyword</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">type</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-menu-type><a href=#attr-menu-type>menu</a></code>
+ <td> Type of menu
+ <td> "<code title="popup menu state"><a href=#popup-menu-state>popup</a></code>"; "<code title="toolbar state"><a href=#toolbar-state>toolbar</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">type</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-menuitem-type><a href=#attr-menuitem-type>menuitem</a></code>
+ <td> Type of command
+ <td> "<code title=attr-menuitem-type-keyword-command><a href=#attr-menuitem-type-keyword-command>command</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-menuitem-type-keyword-checkbox><a href=#attr-menuitem-type-keyword-checkbox>checkbox</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-menuitem-type-keyword-radio><a href=#attr-menuitem-type-keyword-radio>radio</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">type</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-ol-type><a href=#attr-ol-type>ol</a></code>
+ <td> Kind of list marker
+ <td> "<code title=attr-ol-type-keyword-decimal><a href=#attr-ol-type-keyword-decimal>1</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-ol-type-keyword-lower-alpha><a href=#attr-ol-type-keyword-lower-alpha>a</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-ol-type-keyword-upper-alpha><a href=#attr-ol-type-keyword-upper-alpha>A</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-ol-type-keyword-lower-roman><a href=#attr-ol-type-keyword-lower-roman>i</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-ol-type-keyword-upper-roman><a href=#attr-ol-type-keyword-upper-roman>I</a></code>"
+ <tr><th> <code title="">typemustmatch</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-object-typemustmatch><a href=#attr-object-typemustmatch>object</a></code>
+ <td> Whether the <code title=attr-object-type><a href=#attr-object-type>type</a></code> attribute and the <a href=#content-type>Content-Type</a> value need to match for the resource to be used
+ <td> <a href=#boolean-attribute>Boolean attribute</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">usemap</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>img</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-hyperlink-usemap><a href=#attr-hyperlink-usemap>object</a></code>
+ <td> Name of <a href=#image-map>image map</a> to use
+ <td> <a href=#valid-hash-name-reference>Valid hash-name reference</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">value</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-button-value><a href=#attr-button-value>button</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-option-value><a href=#attr-option-value>option</a></code>
+ <td> Value to be used for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">value</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-data-value><a href=#attr-data-value>data</a></code>
+ <td> Machine-readable value
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">value</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-input-value><a href=#attr-input-value>input</a></code>
+ <td> Value of the form control
+ <td> Varies*
+ <tr><th> <code title="">value</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-li-value><a href=#attr-li-value>li</a></code>
+ <td> <a href=#ordinal-value>Ordinal value</a> of the list item
+ <td> <a href=#valid-integer>Valid integer</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">value</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-meter-value><a href=#attr-meter-value>meter</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-progress-value><a href=#attr-progress-value>progress</a></code>
+ <td> Current value of the element
+ <td> <a href=#valid-floating-point-number>Valid floating-point number</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">value</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-param-value><a href=#attr-param-value>param</a></code>
+ <td> Value of parameter
+ <td> <a href=#attribute-text>Text</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">width</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-canvas-width><a href=#attr-canvas-width>canvas</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>embed</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>iframe</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>img</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>input</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>object</a></code>;
+ <code title=attr-dim-width><a href=#attr-dim-width>video</a></code>
+ <td> Horizontal dimension
+ <td> <a href=#valid-non-negative-integer>Valid non-negative integer</a>
+ <tr><th> <code title="">wrap</code>
+ <td> <code title=attr-textarea-wrap><a href=#attr-textarea-wrap>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> How the value of the form control is to be wrapped for <a href=#form-submission>form submission</a>
+ <td> "<code title=attr-textarea-wrap-soft><a href=#attr-textarea-wrap-soft>soft</a></code>";
+ "<code title=attr-textarea-wrap-hard><a href=#attr-textarea-wrap-hard>hard</a></code>"
+ </table><p class=tablenote><small>An asterisk (*) in a cell indicates that the actual rules are more
+ complicated than indicated in the table above.</small></p>
+
+ <hr><table id=ix-event-handlers><caption>List of event handler content attributes</caption>
+ <thead><tr><th> Attribute
+ <th> Element(s)
+ <th> Description
+ <th> Value
+ <tbody><tr><th id=ix-handler-onabort> <code title="">onabort</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onabort title=handler-onabort>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-abort><a href=#event-abort>abort</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onautocomplete> <code title="">onautocomplete</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onautocomplete title=handler-onautocomplete>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-autocomplete><a href=#event-autocomplete>autocomplete</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onautocompleteerror> <code title="">onautocompleteerror</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onautocompleteerror title=handler-onautocompleteerror>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-autocompleteerror><a href=#event-autocompleteerror>autocompleteerror</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-onafterprint> <code title="">onafterprint</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-onafterprint><a href=#handler-window-onafterprint>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-afterprint><a href=#event-afterprint>afterprint</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-onbeforeprint> <code title="">onbeforeprint</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-onbeforeprint><a href=#handler-window-onbeforeprint>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-beforeprint><a href=#event-beforeprint>beforeprint</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-onbeforeunload> <code title="">onbeforeunload</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-onbeforeunload><a href=#handler-window-onbeforeunload>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-beforeunload><a href=#event-beforeunload>beforeunload</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onblur> <code title="">onblur</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onblur title=handler-onblur>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-blur><a href=#event-blur>blur</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-oncancel> <code title="">oncancel</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-oncancel title=handler-oncancel>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-cancel><a href=#event-cancel>cancel</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-oncanplay> <code title="">oncanplay</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-oncanplay title=handler-oncanplay>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-canplay><a href=#event-media-canplay>canplay</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-oncanplaythrough> <code title="">oncanplaythrough</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-oncanplaythrough title=handler-oncanplaythrough>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-canplaythrough><a href=#event-media-canplaythrough>canplaythrough</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onchange> <code title="">onchange</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onchange title=handler-onchange>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-change><a href=#event-change>change</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onclick> <code title="">onclick</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onclick title=handler-onclick>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onclose> <code title="">onclose</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onclose title=handler-onclose>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-close><a href=#event-close>close</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-oncontextmenu> <code title="">oncontextmenu</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-oncontextmenu title=handler-oncontextmenu>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-contextmenu><a href=#event-contextmenu>contextmenu</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-oncuechange> <code title="">oncuechange</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-oncuechange title=handler-oncuechange>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-cuechange><a href=#event-media-cuechange>cuechange</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-ondblclick> <code title="">ondblclick</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-ondblclick title=handler-ondblclick>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-dblclick><a href=#event-dblclick>dblclick</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-ondrag> <code title="">ondrag</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-ondrag title=handler-ondrag>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-dnd-drag><a href=#event-dnd-drag>drag</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-ondragend> <code title="">ondragend</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-ondragend title=handler-ondragend>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-dnd-dragend><a href=#event-dnd-dragend>dragend</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-ondragenter> <code title="">ondragenter</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-ondragenter title=handler-ondragenter>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-dnd-dragenter><a href=#event-dnd-dragenter>dragenter</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-ondragexit> <code title="">ondragexit</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-ondragexit title=handler-ondragexit>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-dnd-dragexit><a href=#event-dnd-dragexit>dragexit</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-ondragleave> <code title="">ondragleave</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-ondragleave title=handler-ondragleave>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-dnd-dragleave><a href=#event-dnd-dragleave>dragleave</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-ondragover> <code title="">ondragover</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-ondragover title=handler-ondragover>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-dnd-dragover><a href=#event-dnd-dragover>dragover</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-ondragstart> <code title="">ondragstart</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-ondragstart title=handler-ondragstart>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-dnd-dragstart><a href=#event-dnd-dragstart>dragstart</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-ondrop> <code title="">ondrop</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-ondrop title=handler-ondrop>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-dnd-drop><a href=#event-dnd-drop>drop</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-ondurationchange> <code title="">ondurationchange</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-ondurationchange title=handler-ondurationchange>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-durationchange><a href=#event-media-durationchange>durationchange</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onemptied> <code title="">onemptied</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onemptied title=handler-onemptied>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-emptied><a href=#event-media-emptied>emptied</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onended> <code title="">onended</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onended title=handler-onended>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-ended><a href=#event-media-ended>ended</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onerror> <code title="">onerror</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onerror title=handler-onerror>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-error><a href=#event-error>error</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onfocus> <code title="">onfocus</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onfocus title=handler-onfocus>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-focus><a href=#event-focus>focus</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-onhashchange> <code title="">onhashchange</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-onhashchange><a href=#handler-window-onhashchange>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-hashchange><a href=#event-hashchange>hashchange</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-oninput> <code title="">oninput</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-oninput title=handler-oninput>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-input><a href=#event-input>input</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-oninvalid> <code title="">oninvalid</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-oninvalid title=handler-oninvalid>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-invalid><a href=#event-invalid>invalid</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onkeydown> <code title="">onkeydown</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onkeydown title=handler-onkeydown>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-keydown><a href=#event-keydown>keydown</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onkeypress> <code title="">onkeypress</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onkeypress title=handler-onkeypress>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-keypress><a href=#event-keypress>keypress</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onkeyup> <code title="">onkeyup</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onkeyup title=handler-onkeyup>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-keyup><a href=#event-keyup>keyup</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-onlanguagechange> <code title="">onlanguagechange</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-onlanguagechange><a href=#handler-window-onlanguagechange>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-languagechange><a href=#event-languagechange>languagechange</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onload> <code title="">onload</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onload title=handler-onload>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onloadeddata> <code title="">onloadeddata</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onloadeddata title=handler-onloadeddata>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-loadeddata><a href=#event-media-loadeddata>loadeddata</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onloadedmetadata> <code title="">onloadedmetadata</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onloadedmetadata title=handler-onloadedmetadata>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-loadedmetadata><a href=#event-media-loadedmetadata>loadedmetadata</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onloadstart> <code title="">onloadstart</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onloadstart title=handler-onloadstart>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-loadstart><a href=#event-media-loadstart>loadstart</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-onmessage> <code title="">onmessage</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-onmessage><a href=#handler-window-onmessage>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-message><a href=#event-message>message</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onmousedown> <code title="">onmousedown</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onmousedown title=handler-onmousedown>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-mousedown><a href=#event-mousedown>mousedown</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onmouseenter> <code title="">onmouseenter</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onmouseenter title=handler-onmouseenter>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-mouseenter><a href=#event-mouseenter>mouseenter</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onmouseleave> <code title="">onmouseleave</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onmouseleave title=handler-onmouseleave>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-mouseleave><a href=#event-mouseleave>mouseleave</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onmousemove> <code title="">onmousemove</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onmousemove title=handler-onmousemove>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-mousemove><a href=#event-mousemove>mousemove</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onmouseout> <code title="">onmouseout</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onmouseout title=handler-onmouseout>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-mouseout><a href=#event-mouseout>mouseout</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onmouseover> <code title="">onmouseover</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onmouseover title=handler-onmouseover>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-mouseover><a href=#event-mouseover>mouseover</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onmouseup> <code title="">onmouseup</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onmouseup title=handler-onmouseup>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-mouseup><a href=#event-mouseup>mouseup</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onmousewheel> <code title="">onmousewheel</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onmousewheel title=handler-onmousewheel>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-mousewheel><a href=#event-mousewheel>mousewheel</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-onoffline> <code title="">onoffline</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-onoffline><a href=#handler-window-onoffline>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-offline><a href=#event-offline>offline</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-ononline> <code title="">ononline</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-ononline><a href=#handler-window-ononline>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-online><a href=#event-online>online</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-onpagehide> <code title="">onpagehide</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-onpagehide><a href=#handler-window-onpagehide>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-pagehide><a href=#event-pagehide>pagehide</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-onpageshow> <code title="">onpageshow</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-onpageshow><a href=#handler-window-onpageshow>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-pageshow><a href=#event-pageshow>pageshow</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onpause> <code title="">onpause</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onpause title=handler-onpause>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-pause><a href=#event-media-pause>pause</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onplay> <code title="">onplay</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onplay title=handler-onplay>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-play><a href=#event-media-play>play</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onplaying> <code title="">onplaying</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onplaying title=handler-onplaying>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-playing><a href=#event-media-playing>playing</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-onpopstate> <code title="">onpopstate</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-onpopstate><a href=#handler-window-onpopstate>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-popstate><a href=#event-popstate>popstate</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onprogress> <code title="">onprogress</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onprogress title=handler-onprogress>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-progress><a href=#event-media-progress>progress</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onratechange> <code title="">onratechange</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onratechange title=handler-onratechange>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-ratechange><a href=#event-media-ratechange>ratechange</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onreset> <code title="">onreset</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onreset title=handler-onreset>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-reset><a href=#event-reset>reset</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onresize> <code title="">onresize</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onresize title=handler-onresize>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-resize><a href=#event-resize>resize</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onscroll> <code title="">onscroll</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onscroll title=handler-onscroll>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-scroll><a href=#event-scroll>scroll</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onseeked> <code title="">onseeked</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onseeked title=handler-onseeked>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-seeked><a href=#event-media-seeked>seeked</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onseeking> <code title="">onseeking</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onseeking title=handler-onseeking>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-seeking><a href=#event-media-seeking>seeking</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onselect> <code title="">onselect</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onselect title=handler-onselect>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-select><a href=#event-select>select</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onshow> <code title="">onshow</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onshow title=handler-onshow>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-show><a href=#event-show>show</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onsort> <code title="">onsort</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onsort title=handler-onsort>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-sort><a href=#event-sort>sort</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onstalled> <code title="">onstalled</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onstalled title=handler-onstalled>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-stalled><a href=#event-media-stalled>stalled</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-onstorage> <code title="">onstorage</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-onstorage><a href=#handler-window-onstorage>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-storage><a href=#event-storage>storage</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onsubmit> <code title="">onsubmit</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onsubmit title=handler-onsubmit>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-submit><a href=#event-submit>submit</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onsuspend> <code title="">onsuspend</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onsuspend title=handler-onsuspend>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-suspend><a href=#event-media-suspend>suspend</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-ontimeupdate> <code title="">ontimeupdate</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-ontimeupdate title=handler-ontimeupdate>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-timeupdate><a href=#event-media-timeupdate>timeupdate</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-ontoggle> <code title="">ontoggle</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-ontoggle title=handler-ontoggle>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-toggle><a href=#event-toggle>toggle</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-window-onunload> <code title="">onunload</code>
+ <td> <code title=handler-window-onunload><a href=#handler-window-onunload>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code title=event-unload><a href=#event-unload>unload</a></code> event handler for <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onvolumechange> <code title="">onvolumechange</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onvolumechange title=handler-onvolumechange>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-volumechange><a href=#event-media-volumechange>volumechange</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ <tr><th id=ix-handler-onwaiting> <code title="">onwaiting</code>
+ <td> <a href=#handler-onwaiting title=handler-onwaiting>HTML elements</a>
+ <td> <code title=event-media-waiting><a href=#event-media-waiting>waiting</a></code> event handler
+ <td> <a href=#event-handler-content-attributes title="event handler content attributes">Event handler content attribute</a>
+
+ </table><!-- v2 for completeness: (also search for REFLECTIDL)
+ <h3 class="no-num">Reflecting IDL attributes</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <table>
+ <caption>List of <dfn>reflecting IDL attributes</dfn></caption>
+ <thead>
+ <tr>
+ <th> Interface
+ <th> Element(s)
+ <th> IDL attribute
+ <th> Reflects...
+ <tbody>
+ ...
+ <tr>
+ <td> <code>HTMLElement</code>
+ <td> <span>HTML elements</span>
+ <td> <code title="dom-contextMenu">contextMenu</code>
+ <td> <code title="attr-contextmenu">contextmenu</code>
+ <tr>
+ <td> <code>HTMLOptionElement</code>
+ <td> <code>option</code>
+ <td> <code title="dom-option-text">text</code>
+ <td> <code>textContent</code>
+ </table>
+ ( include option.text; textarea.defaultValue, and other attributes that "reflect" the element's textContent )
+--><h3 class=no-num id=element-interfaces>Element Interfaces</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <table><caption>List of interfaces for elements</caption>
+ <thead><tr><th> Element(s)
+ <th> Interface(s)
+ <tbody><tr><td> <code><a href=#the-a-element>a</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlanchorelement>HTMLAnchorElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-abbr-element>abbr</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-address-element>address</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-area-element>area</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlareaelement>HTMLAreaElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-article-element>article</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-aside-element>aside</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-audio-element>audio</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlaudioelement>HTMLAudioElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlmediaelement>HTMLMediaElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-b-element>b</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-base-element>base</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlbaseelement>HTMLBaseElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-bdi-element>bdi</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-bdo-element>bdo</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-blockquote-element>blockquote</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlquoteelement>HTMLQuoteElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-body-element>body</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlbodyelement>HTMLBodyElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-br-element>br</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlbrelement>HTMLBRElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-button-element>button</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlbuttonelement>HTMLButtonElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlcanvaselement>HTMLCanvasElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-caption-element>caption</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltablecaptionelement>HTMLTableCaptionElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-cite-element>cite</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-code-element>code</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-col-element>col</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltablecolelement>HTMLTableColElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-colgroup-element>colgroup</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltablecolelement>HTMLTableColElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-menuitem-element>menuitem</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlmenuitemelement>HTMLMenuItemElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-data-element>data</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmldataelement>HTMLDataElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-datalist-element>datalist</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmldatalistelement>HTMLDataListElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-dd-element>dd</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-del-element>del</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlmodelement>HTMLModElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmldetailselement>HTMLDetailsElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-dfn-element>dfn</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmldialogelement>HTMLDialogElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-div-element>div</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmldivelement>HTMLDivElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-dl-element>dl</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmldlistelement>HTMLDListElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-dt-element>dt</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-em-element>em</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlembedelement>HTMLEmbedElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-fieldset-element>fieldset</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlfieldsetelement>HTMLFieldSetElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-figcaption-element>figcaption</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-figure-element>figure</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-footer-element>footer</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h1</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlheadingelement>HTMLHeadingElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h2</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlheadingelement>HTMLHeadingElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h3</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlheadingelement>HTMLHeadingElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h4</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlheadingelement>HTMLHeadingElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h5</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlheadingelement>HTMLHeadingElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-h1,-h2,-h3,-h4,-h5,-and-h6-elements>h6</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlheadingelement>HTMLHeadingElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-head-element>head</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlheadelement>HTMLHeadElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-header-element>header</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-hgroup-element>hgroup</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-hr-element>hr</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlhrelement>HTMLHRElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-html-element>html</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlhtmlelement>HTMLHtmlElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-i-element>i</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-iframe-element>iframe</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmliframeelement>HTMLIFrameElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlinputelement>HTMLInputElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-ins-element>ins</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlmodelement>HTMLModElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-kbd-element>kbd</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-keygen-element>keygen</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlkeygenelement>HTMLKeygenElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-label-element>label</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmllabelelement>HTMLLabelElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-legend-element>legend</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmllegendelement>HTMLLegendElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-li-element>li</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmllielement>HTMLLIElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-link-element>link</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmllinkelement>HTMLLinkElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-main-element>main</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-map-element>map</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlmapelement>HTMLMapElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-mark-element>mark</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlmenuelement>HTMLMenuElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-meta-element>meta</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlmetaelement>HTMLMetaElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-meter-element>meter</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlmeterelement>HTMLMeterElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-nav-element>nav</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-noscript-element>noscript</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-object-element>object</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlobjectelement>HTMLObjectElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-ol-element>ol</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlolistelement>HTMLOListElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-optgroup-element>optgroup</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmloptgroupelement>HTMLOptGroupElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-option-element>option</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmloptionelement>HTMLOptionElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-output-element>output</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmloutputelement>HTMLOutputElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-p-element>p</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlparagraphelement>HTMLParagraphElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-param-element>param</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlparamelement>HTMLParamElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-pre-element>pre</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlpreelement>HTMLPreElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-progress-element>progress</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlprogresselement>HTMLProgressElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-q-element>q</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlquoteelement>HTMLQuoteElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-rp-element>rp</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-rt-element>rt</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-ruby-element>ruby</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-s-element>s</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-samp-element>samp</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlscriptelement>HTMLScriptElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-section-element>section</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-select-element>select</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlselectelement>HTMLSelectElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-small-element>small</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-source-element>source</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlsourceelement>HTMLSourceElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-span-element>span</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlspanelement>HTMLSpanElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-strong-element>strong</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-style-element>style</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlstyleelement>HTMLStyleElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sub</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-summary-element>summary</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-sub-and-sup-elements>sup</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltableelement>HTMLTableElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-tbody-element>tbody</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-td-element>td</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltabledatacellelement>HTMLTableDataCellElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmltablecellelement>HTMLTableCellElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-template-element>template</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltemplateelement>HTMLTemplateElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-textarea-element>textarea</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltextareaelement>HTMLTextAreaElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-tfoot-element>tfoot</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-th-element>th</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltableheadercellelement>HTMLTableHeaderCellElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmltablecellelement>HTMLTableCellElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-thead-element>thead</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-time-element>time</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltimeelement>HTMLTimeElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-title-element>title</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltitleelement>HTMLTitleElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-tr-element>tr</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltablerowelement>HTMLTableRowElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-track-element>track</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmltrackelement>HTMLTrackElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-u-element>u</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-ul-element>ul</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlulistelement>HTMLUListElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-var-element>var</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-video-element>video</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlvideoelement>HTMLVideoElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlmediaelement>HTMLMediaElement</a></code> : <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ <tr><td> <code><a href=#the-wbr-element>wbr</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+
+ </table><h3 class=no-num id=all-interfaces>All Interfaces</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <ul class="brief">
+ <li><code><a href=#abstractworker>AbstractWorker</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#applicationcache>ApplicationCache</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#audiotrack>AudioTrack</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#audiotracklist>AudioTrackList</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#autocompleteerrorevent>AutocompleteErrorEvent</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#barprop>BarProp</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#beforeunloadevent>BeforeUnloadEvent</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#canvasdrawingstyles>CanvasDrawingStyles</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#canvasgradient>CanvasGradient</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#canvaspathmethods>CanvasPathMethods</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#canvaspattern>CanvasPattern</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#canvasproxy>CanvasProxy</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#canvasrenderingcontext2d>CanvasRenderingContext2D</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#closeevent>CloseEvent</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#domelementmap>DOMElementMap</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#domstringmap>DOMStringMap</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#datatransfer>DataTransfer</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#datatransferitem>DataTransferItem</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#datatransferitemlist>DataTransferItemList</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>, <a href=#Document-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#dragevent>DragEvent</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#drawingstyle>DrawingStyle</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#errorevent>ErrorEvent</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#external>External</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#globaleventhandlers>GlobalEventHandlers</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlallcollection>HTMLAllCollection</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlanchorelement>HTMLAnchorElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLAnchorElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlappletelement>HTMLAppletElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlareaelement>HTMLAreaElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLAreaElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlaudioelement>HTMLAudioElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlbrelement>HTMLBRElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLBRElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlbaseelement>HTMLBaseElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlbodyelement>HTMLBodyElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLBodyElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlbuttonelement>HTMLButtonElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlcanvaselement>HTMLCanvasElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmldlistelement>HTMLDListElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLDListElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmldataelement>HTMLDataElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmldatalistelement>HTMLDataListElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmldetailselement>HTMLDetailsElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmldialogelement>HTMLDialogElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmldirectoryelement>HTMLDirectoryElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmldivelement>HTMLDivElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLDivElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlelement>HTMLElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlembedelement>HTMLEmbedElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLEmbedElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlfieldsetelement>HTMLFieldSetElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlfontelement>HTMLFontElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlformcontrolscollection>HTMLFormControlsCollection</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlformelement>HTMLFormElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlframeelement>HTMLFrameElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlframesetelement>HTMLFrameSetElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlhrelement>HTMLHRElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLHRElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlheadelement>HTMLHeadElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlheadingelement>HTMLHeadingElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLHeadingElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlhtmlelement>HTMLHtmlElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLHtmlElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmliframeelement>HTMLIFrameElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLIFrameElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlimageelement>HTMLImageElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLImageElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlinputelement>HTMLInputElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLInputElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlkeygenelement>HTMLKeygenElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmllielement>HTMLLIElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLLIElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmllabelelement>HTMLLabelElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmllegendelement>HTMLLegendElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLLegendElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmllinkelement>HTMLLinkElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLLinkElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlmapelement>HTMLMapElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlmarqueeelement>HTMLMarqueeElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlmediaelement>HTMLMediaElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlmenuelement>HTMLMenuElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLMenuElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlmenuitemelement>HTMLMenuItemElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlmetaelement>HTMLMetaElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLMetaElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlmeterelement>HTMLMeterElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlmodelement>HTMLModElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlolistelement>HTMLOListElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLOListElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlobjectelement>HTMLObjectElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLObjectElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmloptgroupelement>HTMLOptGroupElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmloptionelement>HTMLOptionElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmloptionscollection>HTMLOptionsCollection</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmloutputelement>HTMLOutputElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlparagraphelement>HTMLParagraphElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLParagraphElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlparamelement>HTMLParamElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLParamElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlpreelement>HTMLPreElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLPreElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlprogresselement>HTMLProgressElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlpropertiescollection>HTMLPropertiesCollection</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlquoteelement>HTMLQuoteElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlscriptelement>HTMLScriptElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLScriptElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlselectelement>HTMLSelectElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlsourceelement>HTMLSourceElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlspanelement>HTMLSpanElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlstyleelement>HTMLStyleElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltablecaptionelement>HTMLTableCaptionElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLTableCaptionElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltablecellelement>HTMLTableCellElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLTableCellElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltablecolelement>HTMLTableColElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLTableColElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltabledatacellelement>HTMLTableDataCellElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLTableDataCellElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltableelement>HTMLTableElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLTableElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltableheadercellelement>HTMLTableHeaderCellElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltablerowelement>HTMLTableRowElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLTableRowElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltablesectionelement>HTMLTableSectionElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLTableSectionElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltemplateelement>HTMLTemplateElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltextareaelement>HTMLTextAreaElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltimeelement>HTMLTimeElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltitleelement>HTMLTitleElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmltrackelement>HTMLTrackElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlulistelement>HTMLUListElement</a></code>, <a href=#HTMLUListElement-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlunknownelement>HTMLUnknownElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#htmlvideoelement>HTMLVideoElement</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#hashchangeevent>HashChangeEvent</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#history-0>History</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#imagebitmap>ImageBitmap</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#imagebitmapfactories>ImageBitmapFactories</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#imagedata>ImageData</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#location>Location</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#mediacontroller>MediaController</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#mediaerror>MediaError</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#messagechannel>MessageChannel</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#mimetype>MimeType</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#mimetypearray>MimeTypeArray</a></code>
+ <li><code>MouseEvent</code>, <a href=#MouseEvent-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#navigator>Navigator</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#navigatorcontentutils>NavigatorContentUtils</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#navigatorid>NavigatorID</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#navigatorlanguage>NavigatorLanguage</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#navigatoronline>NavigatorOnLine</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#navigatorplugins>NavigatorPlugins</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#navigatorstorageutils>NavigatorStorageUtils</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#pagetransitionevent>PageTransitionEvent</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#path2d>Path2D</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#dom-plugin>Plugin</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#pluginarray>PluginArray</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#popstateevent>PopStateEvent</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#portcollection>PortCollection</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#propertynodelist>PropertyNodeList</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#radionodelist>RadioNodeList</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#relatedevent>RelatedEvent</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#sharedworker>SharedWorker</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#storage-0>Storage</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#storageevent>StorageEvent</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#textmetrics>TextMetrics</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#texttrack>TextTrack</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#texttrackcue>TextTrackCue</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#texttrackcuelist>TextTrackCueList</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#texttracklist>TextTrackList</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#timeranges>TimeRanges</a></code>
+ <li><code>Touch</code>, <a href=#Touch-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#trackevent>TrackEvent</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#validitystate>ValidityState</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#videotrack>VideoTrack</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#videotracklist>VideoTrackList</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>, <a href=#Window-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#windowbase64>WindowBase64</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#windoweventhandlers>WindowEventHandlers</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#windowlocalstorage>WindowLocalStorage</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#windowmodal>WindowModal</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#windowsessionstorage>WindowSessionStorage</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#windowtimers>WindowTimers</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#workerglobalscope>WorkerGlobalScope</a></code>, <a href=#WorkerGlobalScope-partial>partial</a>
+ <li><code><a href=#workerlocation>WorkerLocation</a></code>
+ <li><code><a href=#workernavigator>WorkerNavigator</a></code>
+ <li><code>XMLDocument</code>, <a href=#xmldocument>partial</a>
+ </ul>
+
+
+ <h3 class=no-num id=events-0>Events</h3>
+
+ <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
+
+ <table><caption>List of events</caption>
+ <thead><tr><th> Event
+ <th> Interface
+ <th> Interesting targets
+ <th> Description
+ <tbody><tr><!-- abort --><td> <dfn id=event-abort title=event-abort><code>abort</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> when the download was aborted by the user
+
+ <tr><!-- autocomplete --><td> <dfn id=event-autocomplete title=event-autocomplete><code>autocomplete</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements
+ <td> Fired at a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element when it is <a href=#dom-form-requestautocomplete title=dom-form-requestAutocomplete>autofilled</a>
+
+ <tr><!-- autocompleteerror --><td> <dfn id=event-autocompleteerror title=event-autocompleteerror><code>autocompleteerror</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements
+ <td> Fired at a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element when a <a href=#dom-form-requestautocomplete title=dom-form-requestAutocomplete>bulk autofill</a> fails
+
+ <tr><!-- DOMContentLoaded --><td> <dfn id=event-domcontentloaded title=event-DOMContentLoaded><code>DOMContentLoaded</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> once the parser has finished
+
+ <tr><!-- afterprint --><td> <dfn id=event-afterprint title=event-afterprint><code>afterprint</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> after printing
+
+ <tr><!-- afterscriptexecute --><td> <dfn id=event-afterscriptexecute title=event-afterscriptexecute><code>afterscriptexecute</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements
+ <td> Fired at <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements after the script runs (just before the corresponding <code title=event-load><a href=#event-load>load</a></code> event)
+
+ <tr><!-- beforeprint --><td> <dfn id=event-beforeprint title=event-beforeprint><code>beforeprint</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> before printing
+
+ <tr><!-- beforescriptexecute --><td> <dfn id=event-beforescriptexecute title=event-beforescriptexecute><code>beforescriptexecute</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements
+ <td> Fired at <code><a href=#the-script-element>script</a></code> elements just before the script runs; canceling the event cancels the running of the script
+
+ <tr><!-- beforeunload --><td> <dfn id=event-beforeunload title=event-beforeunload><code>beforeunload</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#beforeunloadevent>BeforeUnloadEvent</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> when the page is about to be unloaded, in case the page would like to show a warning prompt
+
+ <tr><!-- blur --><td> <dfn id=event-blur title=event-blur><code>blur</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>, elements
+ <td> Fired at nodes when they stop being <a href=#focused>focused</a>
+
+ <tr><!-- cancel --><td> <dfn id=event-cancel title=event-cancel><code>cancel</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> elements
+ <td> Fired at <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> elements when they are canceled by the user (e.g. by pressing the Escape key)
+
+ <tr><!-- change --><td> <dfn id=event-change title=event-change><code>change</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> Form controls
+ <td> Fired at controls when the user commits a value change (see also the <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> event of <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements)
+
+ <tr><!-- click --><td> <code title=event-click><a href=#event-click>click</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#mouseevent>MouseEvent</a></code>
+ <td> Elements
+ <td> Normally a mouse event; also synthetically fired at an element before its <a href=#activation-behavior>activation behavior</a> is run, when an element is activated from a non-pointer input device (e.g. a keyboard)
+
+ <tr><!-- close --><td> <dfn id=event-close title=event-close><code>close</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> elements, <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at <code><a href=#the-dialog-element>dialog</a></code> elments when they are closed, and at <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code> elements when the connection is terminated
+
+ <tr><!-- connect --><td> <dfn id=event-workerglobalscope-connect title=event-WorkerGlobalScope-connect><code>connect</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#sharedworkerglobalscope>SharedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at a shared worker's global scope when a new client connects
+
+ <tr><!-- contextmenu --><td> <dfn id=event-contextmenu title=event-contextmenu><code>contextmenu</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> Elements
+ <td> Fired at elements when the user requests their context menu
+
+ <tr><!-- error --><td> <dfn id=event-error title=event-error><code>error</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> Global scope objects, <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code> objects, elements, networking-related objects
+ <td> Fired when unexpected errors occur (e.g. networking errors, script errors, decoding errors)
+
+ <tr><!-- focus --><td> <dfn id=event-focus title=event-focus><code>focus</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>, elements
+ <td> Fired at nodes <a href=#gains-focus title="gains focus">gaining focus</a>
+
+ <tr><!-- hashchange --><td> <dfn id=event-hashchange title=event-hashchange><code>hashchange</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#hashchangeevent>HashChangeEvent</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> when the fragment identifier part of <a href="#the-document's-address">the document's address</a> changes
+
+ <tr><!-- input --><td> <dfn id=event-input title=event-input><code>input</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> Form controls
+ <td> Fired at controls when the user changes the value (see also the <code title=event-input-change><a href=#event-input-change>change</a></code> event of <code><a href=#the-input-element>input</a></code> elements)
+
+ <tr><!-- invalid --><td> <dfn id=event-invalid title=event-invalid><code>invalid</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> Form controls
+ <td> Fired at controls during form validation if they do not satisfy their constraints
+
+ <tr><!-- languagechange --><td> <dfn id=event-languagechange title=event-languagechange><code>languagechange</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> Global scope objects
+ <td> Fired at the global scope object when the user's preferred languages change
+
+ <tr><!-- load --><td> <dfn id=event-load title=event-load><code>load</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>, elements
+ <td> Fired at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> when the document has finished loading; fired at an element containing a resource (e.g. <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code>, <code><a href=#the-embed-element>embed</a></code>) when its resource has finished loading
+
+ <tr><!-- loadend --><td> <dfn id=event-loadend title=event-loadend><code>loadend</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code> or <code><a href=#progressevent>ProgressEvent</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements
+ <td> Fired at <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements after a successful load (see also <span title=event-media-loadend>media element events</span>)
+
+ <tr><!-- loadstart --><td> <dfn id=event-loadstart title=event-loadstart><code>loadstart</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#progressevent>ProgressEvent</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements
+ <td> Fired at <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements when a load begins (see also <a href=#event-media-loadstart title=event-media-loadstart>media element events</a>)
+
+ <tr><!-- message --><td> <dfn id=event-message title=event-message><code>message</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#messageevent>MessageEvent</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>, <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code>, <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code>, <code><a href=#messageport>MessagePort</a></code>, <code><a href=#broadcastchannel>BroadcastChannel</a></code>, <code><a href=#dedicatedworkerglobalscope>DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope</a></code>, <code><a href=#worker>Worker</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at an object when it receives a message
+
+ <tr><!-- offline --><td> <dfn id=event-offline title=event-offline><code>offline</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> Global scope objects
+ <td> Fired at the global scope object when the network connections fails
+
+ <tr><!-- online --><td> <dfn id=event-online title=event-online><code>online</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> Global scope objects
+ <td> Fired at the global scope object when the network connections returns
+
+ <tr><!-- open --><td> <dfn id=event-open title=event-open><code>open</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#eventsource>EventSource</a></code>, <code><a href=#websocket>WebSocket</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at networking-related objects when a connection is established
+
+ <tr><!-- pagehide --><td> <dfn id=event-pagehide title=event-pagehide><code>pagehide</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#pagetransitionevent>PageTransitionEvent</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> when the page's entry in the <a href=#session-history>session history</a> stops being the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>
+
+ <tr><!-- pageshow --><td> <dfn id=event-pageshow title=event-pageshow><code>pageshow</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#pagetransitionevent>PageTransitionEvent</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> when the page's entry in the <a href=#session-history>session history</a> becomes the <a href=#current-entry>current entry</a>
+
+ <tr><!-- popstate --><td> <dfn id=event-popstate title=event-popstate><code>popstate</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#popstateevent>PopStateEvent</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> when the user navigates the <a href=#session-history>session history</a>
+
+ <tr><!-- progress --><td> <dfn id=event-progress title=event-progress><code>progress</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#progressevent>ProgressEvent</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements
+ <td> Fired at <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> elements during a <a href=#cors-same-origin>CORS-same-origin</a> image load (see also <a href=#event-media-progress title=event-media-progress>media element events</a>)
+
+ <tr><!-- readystatechange --><td> <dfn id=event-readystatechange title=event-readystatechange><code>readystatechange</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at the <code><a href=#document>Document</a></code> when it finishes parsing and again when all its subresources have finished loading
+
+ <tr><!-- reset --><td> <dfn id=event-reset title=event-reset><code>reset</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements
+ <td> Fired at a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element when it is <a href=#concept-form-reset title=concept-form-reset>reset</a>
+
+ <tr><!-- select --><td> <dfn id=event-select title=event-select><code>select</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> Form controls
+ <td> Fired at form controls when their text selection is adjusted (whether by an API or by the user)
+
+ <tr><!-- show --><td> <dfn id=event-show title=event-show><code>show</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#relatedevent>RelatedEvent</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> elements
+ <td> Fired at a <code><a href=#the-menu-element>menu</a></code> element when it is shown as a context menu
+
+ <tr><!-- sort --><td> <dfn id=event-sort title=event-sort><code>sort</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements
+ <td> Fired at <code><a href=#the-table-element>table</a></code> elements before it is sorted; canceling the event cancels the sorting of the table
+
+ <tr><!-- storage --><td> <dfn id=event-storage title=event-storage><code>storage</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#storageevent>StorageEvent</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> event when the corresponding <code title=dom-localStorage><a href=#dom-localstorage>localStorage</a></code> or <code title=dom-sessionStorage><a href=#dom-sessionstorage>sessionStorage</a></code> storage areas change
+
+ <tr><!-- submit --><td> <dfn id=event-submit title=event-submit><code>submit</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> elements
+ <td> Fired at a <code><a href=#the-form-element>form</a></code> element when it is <a href=#concept-form-submit title=concept-form-submit>submitted</a>
+
+ <tr><!-- toggle --><td> <dfn id=event-toggle title=event-toggle><code>toggle</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> element
+ <td> Fired at <code><a href=#the-details-element>details</a></code> elements when they open or close
+
+ <tr><!-- unload --><td> <dfn id=event-unload title=event-unload><code>unload</code></dfn>
+ <td> <code><a href=#event>Event</a></code>
+ <td> <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code>
+ <td> Fired at the <code><a href=#window>Window</a></code> object when the page is going away
+
+ </table><p class=note>See also <a href=#mediaevents>media element events</a>, <a href=#appcacheevents>application cache events</a>, and <a href=#dndevents>drag-and-drop
+ events</a>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+ <h2 class=no-num id=references>References</h2><!--REFS-->
+
+ <p>All references are normative unless marked "Non-normative".</p>
+
+ <!-- Dates are only included for standards older than the Web, because the newer ones keep changing. -->
+
+ <dl><dt id=refsABNF>[ABNF]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.ietf.org/rfc/std/std68.txt>Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF</a></cite>, D. Crocker, P. Overell. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsABOUT>[ABOUT]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6694>The 'about' URI scheme</a></cite>, S. Moonesamy. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsAGIF>[AGIF]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://odur.let.rug.nl/~kleiweg/gif/netscape.html>GIF Application Extension: NETSCAPE2.0</a></cite>. R. Frazier.</dd> <!-- (rather a dubious reference; let me know if you know a better one) -->
+
+ <dt id=refsAPNG>[APNG]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=https://wiki.mozilla.org/APNG_Specification>APNG Specification</a></cite>. S. Parmenter, V. Vukicevic, A. Smith. Mozilla.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsARIA>[ARIA]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/aria/>Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA)</a></cite>, J. Craig, M. Cooper, L. Pappas, R. Schwerdtfeger, L. Seeman. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsARIAIMPL>[ARIAIMPL]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/WAI/PF/aria-implementation/>WAI-ARIA 1.0 User Agent Implementation Guide</a></cite>, A. Snow-Weaver, M. Cooper. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsATAG>[ATAG]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/ATAG20/>Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) 2.0</a></cite>, J. Richards, J. Spellman, J. Treviranus. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsATOM>[ATOM]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4287>The Atom Syndication Format</a></cite>, M. Nottingham, R. Sayre. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsBCP47>[BCP47]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.ietf.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt>Tags for Identifying Languages; Matching of Language Tags</a></cite>, A. Phillips, M. Davis. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsBECSS>[BECSS]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/becss/>Behavioral Extensions to CSS</a></cite>, I. Hickson. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsBEZIER>[BEZIER]</dt>
+ <dd><cite>Courbes &agrave; poles</cite>, P. de Casteljau. INPI, 1959.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsBIDI>[BIDI]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/>UAX #9: Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm</a></cite>, M. Davis. Unicode Consortium.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsBOCU1>[BOCU1]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn6/>UTN #6: BOCU-1: MIME-Compatible Unicode Compression</a></cite>, M. Scherer, M. Davis. Unicode Consortium.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCESU8>[CESU8]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr26/>UTR #26: Compatibility Encoding Scheme For UTF-16: 8-BIT (CESU-8)</a></cite>, T. Phipps. Unicode Consortium.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCHARMOD>[CHARMOD]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/>Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Fundamentals</a></cite>, M. D&uuml;rst, F. Yergeau, R. Ishida, M. Wolf, T. Texin. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCLDR>[CLDR]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://cldr.unicode.org/>Unicode Common Locale Data Repository</a></cite>. Unicode.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCOMPOSITE>[COMPOSITE]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/fxtf/compositing/>Compositing and Blending</a></cite>. R. Cabanier, N. Andronikos. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCOMPUTABLE>[COMPUTABLE]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/12>On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem</a></cite>, A. Turing. In <cite>Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society</cite>, series 2, volume 42, pages 230-265. London Mathematical Society, 1937.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCOOKIES>[COOKIES]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265>HTTP State Management Mechanism</a></cite>, A. Barth. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCP50220>[CP50220]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.iana.org/assignments/charset-reg/CP50220>CP50220</a></cite>, Y. Naruse. IANA.</dd> <!-- really should be "NARUSE, Y." or some such, but there's a western bias to these references for consistency. sorry. -->
+
+ <dt id=refsCSP>[CSP]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/content-security-policy/raw-file/tip/csp-specification.dev.html>Content Security Policy</a></cite>, B. Sterne, A. Barth. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSS>[CSS]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/>Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1</a></cite>, B. Bos, T. &Ccedil;elik, I. Hickson, H. Lie. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSANIMATIONS>[CSSANIMATIONS]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-animations/>CSS Animations</a></cite>, D. Jackson, D. Hyatt, C. Marrin, S. Galineau, L. Baron. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSATTR>[CSSATTR]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-style-attr/>CSS Styling Attribute Syntax</a></cite>, T. &Ccedil;elik, E. Etemad. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSCOLOR>[CSSCOLOR]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-color/>CSS Color Module Level 3</a></cite>, T. &Ccedil;elik, C. Lilley, L. Baron. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSFONTLOAD>[CSSFONTLOAD]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-font-load-events/>CSS Font Load Events</a></cite>, J. Daggett. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSFONTS>[CSSFONTS]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-fonts/>CSS Fonts</a></cite>, J. Daggett. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSGC>[CSSGC]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-content>CSS Generated Content</a></cite>, H. Lie, E. Etemad, I. Hickson. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSIMAGES>[CSSIMAGES]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-images/>CSS Image Values and Replaced Content Module</a></cite>, E. Etemad, T. Atkins. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSOM>[CSSOM]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/>Cascading Style Sheets Object Model (CSSOM)</a></cite>, S. Pieters, G. Adams. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSOMVIEW>[CSSOMVIEW]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom-view/>CSSOM View Module</a></cite>, S. Pieters, G. Adams. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSRUBY>[CSSRUBY]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-ruby/>CSS3 Ruby Module</a></cite>, R. Ishida. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSTRANSITIONS>[CSSTRANSITIONS]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-transitions/>CSS Transitions</a></cite>, D. Jackson, D. Hyatt, C. Marrin, L. Baron. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSUI>[CSSUI]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-ui/>CSS3 Basic User Interface Module</a></cite>, T. &Ccedil;elik. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSSCOPED>[CSSSCOPED]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-scoping/>CSS Scoping</a></cite>, T. Atkins, E. Etemad. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSSYNTAX>[CSSSYNTAX]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-syntax/>CSS Syntax</a></cite>, T. Atkins, S. Sapin. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSVALUES>[CSSVALUES]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-values/>CSS3 Values and Units</a></cite>, H. Lie, T. Atkins, E. Etemad. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsCSSWM>[CSSWM]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-writing-modes>CSS Writing Modes</a></cite>, E. Etemad, K. Ishii. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsDASH>[DASH]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=57623">Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH)</a></cite>. ISO.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsDOM>[DOM]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dom.spec.whatwg.org/>DOM</a></cite>, A. van Kesteren, A. Gregor, Ms2ger. WHATWG.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsDOMEVENTS>[DOMEVENTS]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/DOM-Level-3-Events/html/DOM3-Events.html>Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Events Specification</a></cite>, T. Leithead, J. Rossi, D. Schepers, B. H&ouml;hrmann, P. Le H&eacute;garet, T. Pixley. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsDOMPARSING>[DOMPARSING]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://domparsing.spec.whatwg.org/>DOM Parsing and Serialization</a></cite>, Ms2ger. WHATWG.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsDOT>[DOT]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.graphviz.org/content/dot-language>The DOT Language</a></cite>. Graphviz.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsE163>[E163]</dt>
+ <dd><cite>Recommendation E.163 &mdash; Numbering Plan for The International Telephone Service</cite>, CCITT Blue Book, Fascicle II.2, pp. 128-134, November 1988.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsECMA262>[ECMA262]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html>ECMAScript Language Specification</a></cite>. ECMA.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsECMA357>[ECMA357]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-357.htm>ECMAScript for XML (E4X) Specification</a></cite>. ECMA.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsEDITING>[EDITING]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/editing/raw-file/tip/editing.html>HTML Editing APIs</a></cite>, A. Gregor. W3C Editing APIs CG.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsENCODING>[ENCODING]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/>Encoding</a></cite>, A. van Kesteren, J. Bell. WHATWG.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsFETCH>[FETCH]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/>Fetch</a></cite>, A. van Kesteren. WHATWG.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsFILEAPI>[FILEAPI]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/FileUpload/publish/FileAPI.html>File API</a></cite>, A. Ranganathan. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsFULLSCREEN>[FULLSCREEN]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://fullscreen.spec.whatwg.org/>Fullscreen</a></cite>, A. van Kesteren, T. &Ccedil;elik. WHATWG.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsGIF>[GIF]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/Graphics/GIF/spec-gif89a.txt>Graphics Interchange Format</a></cite>. CompuServe.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsGRAPHICS>[GRAPHICS]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite>Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice in C</cite>, Second Edition, J. Foley, A. van Dam, S. Feiner, J. Hughes. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-84840-6.</dd>
+ <!--
+ This book ("Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice in C") apparently does not make any
+ references to literature in the bibliographic section to define the "even-odd" rule for polygon
+ filling and hit testing. In the absence of such a reference, I guess that this book is the most
+ authoritative reference.
+ -->
+
+ <dt id=refsGREGORIAN>[GREGORIAN]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite>Inter Gravissimas</cite>, A. Lilius, C. Clavius. Gregory XIII Papal Bull, February 1582.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsHTTP>[HTTP]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616>Hypertext Transfer Protocol &mdash; HTTP/1.1</a></cite>, R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach, T. Berners-Lee. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsHTTPS>[HTTPS]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2818>HTTP Over TLS</a></cite>, E. Rescorla. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsIANAPERMHEADERS>[IANAPERMHEADERS]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/perm-headers.html>Permanent Message Header Field Names</a></cite>. IANA.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsISO3166>[ISO3166]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/country_codes.htm>ISO 3166: Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions</a></cite>. ISO.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsISO8601>[ISO8601]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href="http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/4021199/ISO_8601_2004_E.zip?func=doc.Fetch&amp;nodeid=4021199">ISO8601: Data elements and interchange formats &mdash; Information interchange &mdash; Representation of dates and times</a></cite>. ISO.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsJLREQ>[JLREQ]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/jlreq/>Requirements for Japanese Text Layout</a></cite>. W3C.</dd> <!-- too many editors to list -->
+
+ <dt id=refsJPEG>[JPEG]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/jfif3.pdf>JPEG File Interchange Format</a></cite>, E. Hamilton.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsJSON>[JSON]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4627>The application/json Media Type for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)</a></cite>, D. Crockford. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsMAILTO>[MAILTO]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6068>The 'mailto' URI scheme</a></cite>, M. Duerst, L. Masinter, J. Zawinski. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsMATHML>[MATHML]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML/>Mathematical Markup Language (MathML)</a></cite>, D. Carlisle, P. Ion, R. Miner, N. Poppelier. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsMEDIAFRAG>[MEDIAFRAG]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/2008/WebVideo/Fragments/WD-media-fragments-spec/>Media Fragments URI</a></cite>, R. Troncy, E. Mannens, S. Pfeiffer, D. Van Deursen. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsMFREL>[MFREL]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://microformats.org/wiki/existing-rel-values#HTML5_link_type_extensions>Microformats Wiki: existing rel values</a></cite>. Microformats.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsMIMESNIFF>[MIMESNIFF]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://mimesniff.spec.whatwg.org/>MIME Sniffing</a></cite>, G. Hemsley. WHATWG.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsMNG>[MNG]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng/spec/>MNG (Multiple-image Network Graphics) Format</a></cite>. G. Randers-Pehrson.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsMPEG2>[MPEG2]</dt>
+ <dd><cite>ISO/IEC 13818-1: Information technology &mdash; Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems</cite>. ISO/IEC.</dd>
+ <!-- search for ["bytes are removed from this buffer at a rate defined by sb_leak_rate"] to find it -->
+
+ <dt id=refsMPEG4>[MPEG4]</dt>
+ <dd><cite>ISO/IEC 14496-12: ISO base media file format</cite>. ISO/IEC.</dd>
+ <!-- search for ["Box Structure was and subsequent clauses were re-organized"] to find it -->
+
+ <dt id=refsMQ>[MQ]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css3-mediaqueries/>Media Queries</a></cite>, H. Lie, T. &Ccedil;elik, D. Glazman, A. van Kesteren. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsNPAPI>[NPAPI]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Gecko_Plugin_API_Reference>Gecko Plugin API Reference</a></cite>. Mozilla.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsOGGSKELETONHEADERS>[OGGSKELETONHEADERS]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://wiki.xiph.org/SkeletonHeaders>SkeletonHeaders</a></cite>. Xiph.Org.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsOPENSEARCH>[OPENSEARCH]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.opensearch.org/Specifications/OpenSearch/1.1#Autodiscovery_in_HTML.2FXHTML>Autodiscovery in HTML/XHTML</a></cite>. In <cite>OpenSearch 1.1 Draft 4</cite>, Section 4.6.2. OpenSearch.org.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsORIGIN>[ORIGIN]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6454>The Web Origin Concept</a></cite>, A. Barth. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsPAGEVIS>[PAGEVIS]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.w3c-test.org/webperf/specs/PageVisibility/>Page Visibility</a></cite>, J. Mann, A. Jain. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsPDF>[PDF]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.adobe.com/devnet/acrobat/pdfs/PDF32000_2008.pdf>Document management &mdash; Portable document format &mdash; Part 1: PDF</a></cite>. ISO.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsPINGBACK>[PINGBACK]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.hixie.ch/specs/pingback/pingback>Pingback 1.0</a></cite>, S. Langridge, I. Hickson.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsPNG>[PNG]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/>Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Specification</a></cite>, D. Duce. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsPOINTERLOCK>[POINTERLOCK]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dvcs.w3.org/hg/pointerlock/raw-file/default/index.html>Pointer Lock</a></cite>, V. Scheib. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsPPUTF8>[PPUTF8]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp/2012/pub/IUC11-UTF-8.pdf>The Properties and Promises <!-- Promizes (sic) --> of UTF-8</a></cite>, M. D&uuml;rst. University of Z&uuml;rich. In <cite>Proceedings of the 11th International Unicode Conference</cite>.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsPSL>[PSL]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://publicsuffix.org/>Public Suffix List</a></cite>.
+ Mozilla Foundation.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC1034>[RFC1034]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034>Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities</a></cite>, P. Mockapetris. IETF, November 1987.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC1123>[RFC1123]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123>Requirements for Internet Hosts -- Application and Support</a></cite>, R. Braden. IETF, October 1989.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC1345>[RFC1345]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1345>Character Mnemonics and Character Sets</a></cite>, K. Simonsen. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC1468>[RFC1468]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1468>Japanese Character Encoding for Internet Messages</a></cite>, J. Murai, M. Crispin, E. van der Poel. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC1554>[RFC1554]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1554>ISO-2022-JP-2: Multilingual Extension of ISO-2022-JP</a></cite>, M. Ohta, K. Handa. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC1557>[RFC1557]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1557>Korean Character Encoding for Internet Messages</a></cite>, U. Choi, K. Chon, H. Park. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC1842>[RFC1842]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1842>ASCII Printable Characters-Based Chinese Character Encoding for Internet Messages</a></cite>, Y. Wei, Y. Zhang, J. Li, J. Ding, Y. Jiang. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC1922>[RFC1922]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1922>Chinese Character Encoding for Internet Messages</a></cite>, HF. Zhu, DY. Hu, ZG. Wang, TC. Kao, WCH. Chang, M. Crispin. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC2046>[RFC2046]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2046>Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types</a></cite>, N. Freed, N. Borenstein. IETF.</dd> <!-- for text/plain and "Internet Media type"; not for definition of "valid MIME type". -->
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC2119>[RFC2119]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119>Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></cite>, S. Bradner. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC2237>[RFC2237]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2237>Japanese Character Encoding for Internet Messages</a></cite>, K. Tamaru. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC2313>[RFC2313]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2313>PKCS #1: RSA Encryption</a></cite>, B. Kaliski. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC2318>[RFC2318]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2318>The text/css Media Type</a></cite>, H. Lie, B. Bos, C. Lilley. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC2388>[RFC2388]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2388>Returning Values from Forms: multipart/form-data</a></cite>, L. Masinter. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC2397>[RFC2397]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2397>The "data" URL scheme</a></cite>, L. Masinter. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC2445>[RFC2445]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2445>Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification (iCalendar)</a></cite>, F. Dawson, D. Stenerson. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC2483>[RFC2483]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2483>URI Resolution Services Necessary for URN Resolution</a></cite>, M. Mealling, R. Daniel. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC3676>[RFC3676]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3676>The Text/Plain Format and DelSp Parameters</a></cite>, R. Gellens. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC3023>[RFC3023]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3023>XML Media Types</a></cite>, M. Murata, S. St. Laurent, D. Kohn. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC3279>[RFC3279]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3279>Algorithms and Identifiers for the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile</a></cite>, W. Polk, R. Housley, L. Bassham. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC3490>[RFC3490]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490>Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)</a></cite>, P. Faltstrom, P. Hoffman, A. Costello. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC3864>[RFC3864]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3864>Registration Procedures for Message Header Fields</a></cite>, G. Klyne, M. Nottingham, J. Mogul. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC4281>[RFC4281]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4281>The Codecs Parameter for "Bucket" Media Types</a></cite>, R. Gellens, D. Singer, P. Frojdh. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC4329>[RFC4329]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4329>Scripting Media Types</a></cite>, B. H&ouml;hrmann. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC4395>[RFC4395]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4395>Guidelines and Registration Procedures for New URI Schemes</a></cite>, T. Hansen, T. Hardie, L. Masinter. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC4648>[RFC4648]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648>The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data Encodings</a></cite>, S. Josefsson. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC5280>[RFC5280]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280>Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile</a></cite>, D. Cooper, S. Santesson, S. Farrell, S. Boeyen, R. Housley, W. Polk. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC5322>[RFC5322]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322>Internet Message Format</a></cite>, P. Resnick. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC5724>[RFC5724]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5724>URI Scheme for Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Short Message Service (SMS)</a></cite>, E. Wilde, A. Vaha-Sipila. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC6266>[RFC6266]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6266>Use of the Content-Disposition Header Field in the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)</a></cite>, J. Reschke. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsRFC6350>[RFC6350]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6350>vCard Format Specification</a></cite>, S. Perreault. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsSCSU>[SCSU]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr6/>UTR #6: A Standard Compression Scheme For Unicode</a></cite>, M. Wolf, K. Whistler, C. Wicksteed, M. Davis, A. Freytag, M. Scherer. Unicode Consortium.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsSELECTORS>[SELECTORS]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/csswg/selectors/>Selectors</a></cite>, E. Etemad, T. &Ccedil;elik, D. Glazman, I. Hickson, P. Linss, J. Williams. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsSRGB>[SRGB]</dt>
+ <dd><cite lang=en-GB><a href="http://webstore.iec.ch/webstore/webstore.nsf/artnum/025408!OpenDocument&amp;Click=">IEC 61966-2-1: Multimedia systems and equipment &mdash; Colour measurement and management &mdash; Part 2-1: Colour management &mdash; Default RGB colour space &mdash; sRGB</a></cite>. IEC.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsSVG>[SVG]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/SVGTiny12/>Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Tiny 1.2 Specification</a></cite>, O. Andersson, R. Berjon, E. Dahlstr&ouml;m, A. Emmons, J. Ferraiolo, A. Grasso, V. Hardy, S. Hayman, D. Jackson, C. Lilley, C. McCormack, A. Neumann, C. Northway, A. Quint, N. Ramani, D. Schepers, A. Shellshear. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsTOR>[TOR]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=https://www.torproject.org/>Tor</a></cite>.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsTOUCH>[TOUCH]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=https://dvcs.w3.org/hg/webevents/raw-file/v1/touchevents.html>Touch Events</a></cite>, D. Schepers, S. Moon, M. Brubeck, A. Barstow. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsTZDATABASE>[TZDATABASE]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.iana.org/time-zones>Time Zone Database</a></cite>. IANA.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsUAAG>[UAAG]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/UAAG20/>User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG) 2.0</a></cite>, J. Allan, K. Ford, J. Richards, J. Spellman. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsUCA>[UCA]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/>UTR #10: Unicode Collation Algorithm</a></cite>, M. Davis, K. Whistler. Unicode Consortium.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsUNDO>[UNDO]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://rniwa.com/editing/undomanager.html>UndoManager and DOM Transaction</a></cite>, R. Niwa.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsUNICODE>[UNICODE]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.unicode.org/versions/>The Unicode Standard</a></cite>. Unicode Consortium.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsUNIVCHARDET>[UNIVCHARDET]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.mozilla.org/projects/intl/UniversalCharsetDetection.html>A composite approach to language/encoding detection</a></cite>, S. Li, K. Momoi. Netscape. In <cite>Proceedings of the 19th International Unicode Conference</cite>.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsURL>[URL]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://url.spec.whatwg.org/>URL</a></cite>, A. van Kesteren. WHATWG.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsUTF7>[UTF7]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2152>UTF-7: A Mail-Safe Transformation Format of Unicode</a></cite>, D. Goldsmith, M. Davis. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsUTF8DET>[UTF8DET]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8>Multilingual form encoding</a></cite>, M. D&uuml;rst. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsUTR36>[UTR36]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/>UTR #36: Unicode Security Considerations</a></cite>, M. Davis, M. Suignard. Unicode Consortium.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsWCAG>[WCAG]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/>Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0</a></cite>, B. Caldwell, M. Cooper, L. Reid, G. Vanderheiden. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsWEBGL>[WEBGL]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.khronos.org/registry/webgl/specs/latest/>WebGL Specification</a></cite>, D. Jackson. Khronos Group.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsWEBIDL>[WEBIDL]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/WebIDL/>Web IDL</a></cite>, C. McCormack. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsWEBLINK>[WEBLINK]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5988>Web Linking</a></cite>, M. Nottingham. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsWEBMCG>[WEBMCG]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.webmproject.org/code/specs/container/>WebM Container Guidelines</a></cite>. The WebM Project.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsWEBVTT>[WEBVTT]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://dev.w3.org/html5/webvtt/>WebVTT</a></cite>, I. Hickson. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsWHATWGWIKI>[WHATWGWIKI]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://wiki.whatwg.org/>The WHATWG Wiki</a></cite>. WHATWG.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsWSP>[WSP]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455>The WebSocket protocol</a></cite>, I. Fette, A. Melnikov. IETF.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsX121>[X121]</dt>
+ <dd><cite>Recommendation X.121 &mdash; International Numbering Plan for Public Data Networks</cite>, CCITT Blue Book, Fascicle VIII.3, pp. 317-332.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsX690>[X690]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf>Recommendation X.690 &mdash; Information Technology &mdash; ASN.1 Encoding Rules &mdash; Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER), and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)</a></cite>. International Telecommunication Union.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsXFN>[XFN]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://gmpg.org/xfn/11>XFN 1.1 profile</a></cite>, T. &Ccedil;elik, M. Mullenweg, E. Meyer. GMPG.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsXHR>[XHR]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/><code>XMLHttpRequest</code></a></cite>, A. van Kesteren. WHATWG.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsXML>[XML]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/>Extensible Markup Language</a></cite>, T. Bray, J. Paoli, C. Sperberg-McQueen, E. Maler, F. Yergeau. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsXMLBASE>[XMLBASE]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlbase/>XML Base</a></cite>, J. Marsh, R. Tobin. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsXMLNS>[XMLNS]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-names/>Namespaces in XML</a></cite>, T. Bray, D. Hollander, A. Layman, R. Tobin. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsXPATH10>[XPATH10]</dt>
+ <dd><cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116>XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0</a></cite>, J. Clark, S. DeRose. W3C.</dd>
+
+ <dt id=refsXSLT10>[XSLT10]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xslt-19991116>XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0</a></cite>, J. Clark. W3C.</dd>
+
+<!--(once XSLTProcessor is defined somewhere, update this and the place that references this)
+ <dt id="refsXSLTP">[XSLTP]</dt>
+ <dd>(Non-normative) <cite><a href=""></a></cite>, . .</dd>
+-->
+
+ </dl><h2 class=no-num id=acknowledgments>Acknowledgments</h2> <!-- ACKS -->
+
+ <p>Thanks to Tim Berners-Lee for inventing HTML, without which none of this would exist.</p>
+
+ <p>Thanks to
+
+ Aankhen,
+ Aaron Boodman,
+ Aaron Leventhal,
+ Adam Barth,
+ Adam de Boor,
+ Adam Hepton,
+ Adam Klein,
+ Adam Roben,
+ Addison Phillips,
+ Adele Peterson,
+ Adrian Bateman,
+ Adrian Sutton,
+ Agust&iacute;n Fern&aacute;ndez,
+ Aharon (Vladimir) Lanin,
+ Ajai Tirumali,
+ Akatsuki Kitamura,
+ Alan Plum,
+ Alastair Campbell,
+ Alejandro G. Castro,
+ Alex Bishop,
+ Alex Nicolaou,
+ Alex Rousskov,
+ Alexander Farkas,
+ Alexander J. Vincent,
+ Alexandre Morgaut,
+ Alexey Feldgendler,
+ &Acy;&lcy;&iecy;&kcy;&scy;&iecy;&jcy; &Pcy;&rcy;&ocy;&scy;&kcy;&ucy;&rcy;&yacy;&kcy;&ocy;&vcy; (Alexey Proskuryakov),
+ Alexis Deveria,
+ Allan Clements,
+ Ami Fischman,
+ Amos Jeffries,
+ Anders Carlsson,
+ Andr&eacute; E. Veltstra,
+ Andrea Rendine,
+ Andreas<!-- mqmq87 -->,
+ Andreas Kling,
+ Andrei Popescu,
+ Andres Gomez,
+ Andrew Barfield,
+ Andrew Clover,
+ Andrew Gove,
+ Andrew Grieve,
+ Andrew Oakley,
+ Andrew Sidwell,
+ Andrew Simons,
+ Andrew Smith,
+ Andrew W. Hagen,
+ Andrey V. Lukyanov,
+ Andry Rendy,
+ Andy Earnshaw,
+ Andy Heydon,
+ Andy Palay,
+ Anne van Kesteren,
+ Anthony Boyd,
+ Anthony Bryan,
+ Anthony Hickson,
+ Anthony Ricaud,
+ Antti Koivisto,
+ Arkadiusz Michalski,
+ Arne Thomassen,
+ Aron Spohr,
+ Arphen Lin,
+ Arthur Stolyar,
+ Arun Patole,
+ Aryeh Gregor,
+ Asbj&oslash;rn Ulsberg,
+ Ashley Gullen,
+ Ashley Sheridan,
+ Atsushi Takayama,
+ Aurelien Levy,
+ Ave Wrigley,
+ Axel Dahmen,
+ Ben Boyle,
+ Ben Godfrey,
+ Ben Lerner,
+ Ben Leslie,
+ Ben Meadowcroft,
+ Ben Millard,
+ Benjamin Carl Wiley Sittler,
+ Benjamin Hawkes-Lewis,
+ Benoit Ren,
+ Bert Bos,
+ Bijan Parsia,
+ Bil Corry,
+ Bill Mason,
+ Bill McCoy,
+ Billy Wong,
+ Bjartur Thorlacius,
+ Bj&ouml;rn H&ouml;hrmann,
+ Blake Frantz,
+ Bob Lund,
+ Bob Owen,
+ Boris Zbarsky,
+ Brad Fults,
+ Brad Neuberg,
+ Brad Spencer,
+ Brady Eidson,
+ Brendan Eich,
+ Brenton Simpson,
+ Brett Wilson,
+ Brett Zamir,
+ Brian Blakely,
+ Brian Campbell,
+ Brian Korver,
+ Brian Kuhn,
+ Brian M. Dube,
+ Brian Ryner,
+ Brian Smith,
+ Brian Wilson,
+ Bryan Sullivan,
+ Bruce Bailey,
+ Bruce D'Arcus,
+ Bruce Lawson,
+ Bruce Miller,
+ C. Williams,
+ Cameron McCormack,
+ Cameron Zemek,
+ Cao Yipeng,
+ Carlos Amengual,
+ Carlos Gabriel Cardona,
+ Carlos Perell&oacute; Mar&iacute;n,
+ Chao Cai,
+ &#xc724;&#xc11d;&#xcc2c; (Channy Yun),
+ Charl van Niekerk,
+ Charles Iliya Krempeaux,
+ Charles McCathieNevile,
+ Chris Apers,
+ Chris Cressman,
+ Chris Evans,
+ Chris Morris,
+ Chris Pearce,
+ Chris Peterson,
+ Chris Weber,
+ Christian Biesinger,
+ Christian Johansen,
+ Christian Schmidt,
+ Christoph P&auml;per,
+ Christophe Dumez,
+ Christopher Aillon,
+ Christopher Ferris,
+ Chriswa,
+ Clark Buehler,
+ Cole Robison,
+ Colin Fine,
+ Collin Jackson,
+ Corprew Reed,
+ Craig Cockburn,
+ Csaba Gabor,
+ Csaba Marton,
+ Cynthia Shelly,
+ Dan Yoder,
+ Daniel Barclay,
+ Daniel Bratell,
+ Daniel Brooks,
+ Daniel Brumbaugh Keeney,
+ Daniel Cheng,
+ Daniel Davis,
+ Daniel Glazman,
+ Daniel Peng,
+ Daniel Schattenkirchner,
+ Daniel Sp&aring;ng,
+ Daniel Steinberg,
+ Daniel Trebbien,
+ Danny Sullivan,
+ Darin Adler,
+ Darin Fisher,
+ Darxus,
+ Dave Camp,
+ Dave Hodder,
+ Dave Lampton,
+ Dave Singer,
+ Dave Townsend<!-- Mossop on moz irc -->,
+ David Baron,
+ David Bloom,
+ David Bruant,
+ David Carlisle,
+ David E. Cleary,
+ David Egan Evans,
+ David Fink,
+ David Flanagan,
+ David Gerard,
+ David H&aring;s&auml;ther,
+ David Hyatt,
+ David I. Lehn,
+ David John Burrowes,
+ David Kendal,
+ David Matja,
+ David Remahl,
+ David Smith,
+ David Woolley,
+ DeWitt Clinton,
+ Dean Edridge,
+ Dean Edwards,
+ Debi Orton,
+ Derek Featherstone,
+ Devarshi Pant,
+ Devdatta,
+ Dimitri Glazkov,
+ Dimitry Golubovsky,
+ Dirk Pranke,
+ Dirk Schulze,
+ Dirkjan Ochtman,
+ Divya Manian,
+ Dmitry Titov,
+ dolphinling,
+ Domenic Denicola,
+ Dominique Haza&euml;l-Massieux,
+ Don Brutzman,
+ Doron Rosenberg,
+ Doug Kramer,
+ Doug Simpkinson,
+ Drew Wilson,
+ Edmund Lai,
+ Eduard Pascual,
+ Eduardo Vela,
+ Edward O'Connor,
+ Edward Welbourne,
+ Edward Z. Yang,
+ Ehsan Akhgari,
+ Eira Monstad,
+ Eitan Adler,
+ Eliot Graff,
+ Elisabeth Robson,
+ Elizabeth Castro,
+ Elliott Sprehn,
+ Elliotte Harold,
+ Eric Carlson,
+ Eric Casler,
+ Eric Lawrence,
+ Eric Rescorla,
+ Eric Semling,
+ Erik Arvidsson,
+ Erik Rose,
+ Evan Martin,
+ Evan Prodromou,
+ Evan Stade,
+ Evert,
+ fantasai,
+ Felix Sasaki,
+ Francesco Schwarz,
+ Francis Brosnan Blazquez,
+ Franck 'Shift' Qu&eacute;lain,
+ Frank Barchard,
+ Fredrik S&ouml;derquist,
+ &#x9d5c;&#x98fc;&#x6587;&#x654f; (Fumitoshi Ukai),
+ Futomi Hatano,
+ Gavin Carothers,
+ Gavin Kistner,
+ Gareth Rees,
+ Garrett Smith,
+ Geoff Richards,
+ Geoffrey Garen,
+ Geoffrey Sneddon,
+ George Lund,
+ Gianmarco Armellin,
+ Giovanni Campagna,
+ Giuseppe Pascale,
+ Glenn Adams,
+ Glenn Maynard,
+ Graham Klyne,
+ Greg Botten,
+ Greg Houston,
+ Greg Wilkins,
+ Gregg Tavares,
+ Gregory J. Rosmaita,
+ Grey,
+ Guilherme Johansson Tramontina,
+ Gytis Jakutonis,
+ H&aring;kon Wium Lie,
+ Habib Virji,
+ Hallvord Reiar Michaelsen Steen,
+ Hans S. T&oslash;mmerhalt,
+ Hans Stimer,
+ Harald Alvestrand,
+ Henri Sivonen,
+ Henrik Lied,
+ Henry Mason,
+ Henry Story,
+ Hugh Guiney,
+ Hugh Winkler,
+ Ian Bicking,
+ Ian Clelland,
+ Ian Davis,
+ Ian Fette,
+ Ido Green,
+ Ignacio Javier,
+ Ivan Enderlin,
+ Ivo Emanuel Gon&ccedil;alves,
+ J. King,
+ Jacob Davies,
+ Jacques Distler,
+ Jake Verbaten,
+ Jakub &Lstrok;opusza&nacute;ski,
+ James Craig,
+ James Graham,
+ James Greene,
+ James Justin Harrell,
+ James Kozianski,
+ James M Snell,
+ James Perrett,
+ James Robinson,
+ Jamie Lokier,
+ Janusz Majnert,
+ Jan-Klaas Kollhof,
+ Jared Jacobs,
+ Jason Duell,
+ Jason Kersey,
+ Jason Lustig,
+ Jason White,
+ Jasper Bryant-Greene,
+ Jasper St. Pierre,
+ Jatinder Mann,
+ Jed Hartman,
+ Jeff Balogh,
+ Jeff Cutsinger,
+ Jeff Schiller,
+ Jeff Walden,
+ Jeffrey Zeldman,
+ &#x80e1;&#x6167;&#x92d2; (Jennifer Braithwaite),
+ Jens Bannmann,
+ Jens Fendler,
+ Jens Lindstr&ouml;m,
+ Jens Meiert,
+ Jeremey Hustman,
+ Jeremy Keith,
+ Jeremy Orlow,
+ Jeroen van der Meer,
+ Jian Li,
+ Jim Jewett,
+ Jim Ley,
+ Jim Meehan,
+ Jim Michaels,
+ Jirka Kosek,
+ Jjgod Jiang,
+ Jo&atilde;o Eiras,
+ Joe Clark,
+ Joe Gregorio,
+ Joel Spolsky,
+ Joel Verhagen,
+ Johan Herland,
+ John Boyer,
+ John Bussjaeger,
+ John Carpenter,
+ John Daggett,
+ John Fallows,
+ John Foliot,
+ John Harding,
+ John Keiser,
+ John Snyders,
+ John Stockton,
+ John-Mark Bell,
+ Johnny Stenback,
+ Jon Ferraiolo,
+ Jon Gibbins,
+ Jon Perlow,
+ Jonas Sicking,
+ Jonathan Cook,
+ Jonathan Rees,
+ Jonathan Watt,
+ Jonathan Worent,
+ Jonny Axelsson,
+ Jordan Tucker,
+ Jorgen Horstink,
+ Jorunn Danielsen Newth,
+ Joseph Kesselman,
+ Joseph Mansfield,
+ Joseph Pecoraro,
+ Josh Aas,
+ Josh Hart,
+ Josh Levenberg,
+ Joshua Bell,
+ Joshua Randall,
+ Jukka K. Korpela,
+ Jules Cl&eacute;ment-Ripoche,
+ Julian Reschke,
+ J&uuml;rgen Jeka,
+ Justin Lebar,
+ Justin Novosad,
+ Justin Schuh,
+ Justin Sinclair,
+ Ka-Sing Chou,
+ Kai Hendry,
+ &#x5442;&#x5eb7;&#x8c6a; (KangHao Lu)<!-- Kenny, kennyluck-->,
+ Kartikaya Gupta,
+ Kathy Walton,
+ Kelly Ford,
+ Kelly Norton,
+ Kevin Benson,
+ Kevin Gadd,
+ Kevin Cole,
+ Korn&eacute;l P&aacute;l,
+ Kornel Lesinski,
+ Kris Northfield,
+ Kristof Zelechovski,
+ Krzysztof Maczy&nacute;ski,
+ &#x9ed2;&#x6fa4;&#x525b;&#x5fd7; (Kurosawa Takeshi),
+ Kyle Barnhart,
+ Kyle Hofmann<!-- Ozob -->,
+ Kyle Huey,
+ L&eacute;onard Bouchet,
+ L&eacute;onie Watson,
+ Lachlan Hunt,
+ Larry Masinter,
+ Larry Page,
+ Lars Gunther<!-- Keryx Web -->,
+ Lars Solberg,
+ Laura Carlson,
+ Laura Granka,
+ Laura L. Carlson,
+ Laura Wisewell,
+ Laurens Holst,
+ Lawrence Forooghian,
+ Lee Kowalkowski,
+ Leif Halvard Silli,
+ Leif Kornstaedt,
+ Lenny Domnitser,
+ Leonard Rosenthol,
+ Leons Petrazickis,
+ Lobotom Dysmon,
+ Logan<!-- on moz irc -->,
+ Loune,
+ &Lstrok;ukasz Pilorz,
+ Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton,
+ Maciej Stachowiak,
+ Magnus Kristiansen<!-- Dashiva -->,
+ Maik Merten,
+ Malcolm Rowe,
+ Manish Tripathi,
+ Marc Hoyois,
+ Marcus Bointon,
+ Mark Birbeck,
+ Mark Davis,
+ Mark Miller,
+ Mark Nottingham,
+ Mark Pilgrim,
+ Mark Rowe<!--bdash-->,
+ Mark Schenk,
+ Mark Vickers,
+ Mark Wilton-Jones,
+ Martijn Wargers,
+ Martin Atkins,
+ Martin D&uuml;rst,
+ Martin Honnen,
+ Martin Janecke,
+ Martin Kutschker,
+ Martin Nilsson,
+ Martin Thomson,
+ Masataka Yakura,
+ Masatoshi Kimura,
+ Mathias Bynens,
+ Mathieu Henri,
+ Matias Larsson,
+ Matt Falkenhagen,
+ Matt Schmidt,
+ Matt Wright,
+ Matthew Gregan,
+ Matthew Mastracci,
+ Matthew Raymond,
+ Matthew Thomas,
+ Mattias Waldau,
+ Max Romantschuk,
+ Menachem Salomon,
+ Menno van Slooten,
+ Micah Dubinko,
+ Michael 'Ratt' Iannarelli,
+ Michael A. Nachbaur,
+ Michael A. Puls II<!--Shadow2531-->,
+ Michael Carter,
+ Michael Daskalov,
+ Michael Day,
+ Michael Dyck,
+ Michael Enright,
+ Michael Gratton,
+ Michael Nordman,
+ Michael Powers,
+ Michael Rakowski,
+ Michael(tm) Smith,
+ Michael Walmsley,
+ Michal Zalewski,
+ Michel Fortin,
+ Michelangelo De Simone,
+ Michiel van der Blonk,
+ Mihai &Scedil;ucan<!-- from ROBO Design -->,
+ Mihai Parparita,
+ Mike Brown,
+ Mike Dierken<!-- S. Mike Dierken -->,
+ Mike Dixon,
+ Mike Hearn,
+ Mike Schinkel,
+ Mike Shaver,
+ Mikko Rantalainen,
+ Mohamed Zergaoui<!-- Innovimax SARL -->,
+ Mohammad Al Houssami,
+ Mounir Lamouri,
+ Ms2ger,
+ Nadia Heninger,
+ NARUSE Yui,
+ Neil Deakin,
+ Neil Rashbrook,
+ Neil Soiffer,
+ Nicholas Shanks,
+ Nicholas Stimpson,
+ Nicholas Zakas,
+ Nickolay Ponomarev,
+ Nicolas Gallagher,
+ Noah Mendelsohn,
+ Noah Slater,
+ Noel Gordon,
+ Nolan Waite,
+ NoozNooz42,
+ Norbert Lindenberg,
+ Ojan Vafai,
+ Olaf Hoffmann,
+ Olav Junker Kj&aelig;r,
+ Old&rcaron;ich Vete&scaron;n&iacute;k,
+ Oli Studholme,
+ Oliver Hunt,
+ Oliver Rigby,
+ Olivier Gendrin,
+ Olli Pettay,
+ oSand, <!-- from reddit -->
+ Pablo Flouret,
+ Patrick Garies,
+ Patrick H. Lauke,
+ Patrik Persson,
+ Paul Adenot,
+ Paul Norman,
+ Per-Erik Brodin,
+ Perry Smith,
+ Peter Beverloo,
+ Peter Karlsson,
+ Peter Kasting,
+ Peter Moulder,
+ Peter Occil,
+ Peter Stark,
+ Peter Van der Beken,
+ Peter-Paul Koch,
+ Phil Pickering,
+ Philip J&auml;genstedt,
+ Philip Taylor,
+ Philip TAYLOR<!-- a different one -->,
+ Philippe De Ryck,
+ Prateek Rungta,
+ Pravir Gupta,
+ &#x674e;&#x666e;&#x541b; (Pujun Li)<!-- masa jack -->,
+ Rachid Finge,
+ Rafael Weinstein,
+ Rafa&lstrok; Mi&lstrok;ecki,
+ Raj Doshi,
+ Rajas Moonka,
+ Ralf Stoltze,
+ Ralph Giles,
+ Raphael Champeimont,
+ Remci Mizkur,
+ Remco,
+ Remy Sharp,
+ Rene Saarsoo,
+ Rene Stach,
+ Ric Hardacre,
+ Rich Clark,
+ Rich Doughty,
+ Richard Ishida,
+ Rigo Wenning,
+ Rikkert Koppes,
+ Rimantas Liubertas,
+ Riona Macnamara,
+ Rob Ennals,
+ Rob Jellinghaus,
+ Rob S,
+ Robert Blaut,
+ Robert Collins,
+ Robert Kieffer,
+ Robert Millan,
+ Robert O'Callahan,
+ Robert Sayre,
+ Robin Berjon,
+ Robin Schaufler,
+ Rodger Combs,
+ Roland Steiner,
+ Roma Matusevich,
+ Roman Ivanov,
+ Roy Fielding,
+ Ruud Steltenpool,
+ Ryan King,
+ Ryosuke Niwa,
+ S. Mike Dierken,
+ Salvatore Loreto,
+ Sam Dutton,
+ Sam Kuper,
+ Sam Ruby,
+ Sam Weinig,
+ Samuel Bronson,
+ Samy Kamkar,
+ Sander van Lambalgen,
+ Sarven Capadisli,
+ Scott Gonz&aacute;lez,
+ Scott Hess,
+ Sean Fraser,
+ Sean Hayes,
+ Sean Hogan,
+ Sean Knapp,
+ Sebastian Markb&aring;ge,
+ Sebastian Schnitzenbaumer,
+ Seth Call,
+ Seth Dillingham,
+ Shannon Moeller,
+ Shanti Rao,
+ Shaun Inman,
+ Shiki Okasaka,
+ Sierk Bornemann,
+ Sigbj&oslash;rn Finne,
+ Sigbj&oslash;rn Vik,
+ Silver Ghost, <!-- see bug 19614 -->
+ Silvia Pfeiffer,
+ &Scaron;ime Vidas,
+ Simon Montagu,
+ Simon Pieters,
+ Simon Spiegel,
+ skeww, <!-- on reddit -->
+ Smylers,
+ Stanton McCandlish,
+ Stefan H&aring;kansson,
+ Stefan Haustein,
+ Stefan Santesson,
+ Stefan Weiss,
+ Steffen Meschkat,
+ Stephen Ma,
+ Stephen White,
+ Steve Comstock,
+ Steve Faulkner,
+ Steve Runyon,
+ Steven Bennett,
+ Steven Garrity,
+ Steven Tate,
+ Stewart Brodie,
+ Stuart Ballard,
+ Stuart Langridge,
+ Stuart Parmenter,
+ Subramanian Peruvemba,
+ Sunava Dutta,
+ Susan Borgrink,
+ Susan <!--G.--> Lesch,
+ Sylvain Pasche,
+ T. J. Crowder,
+ Tab Atkins,
+ Takeshi Yoshino,
+ <span lang=tr title="">Tantek &Ccedil;elik</span>,
+ &#x7530;&#x6751;&#x5065;&#x4eba; (TAMURA Kent),
+ Ted Mielczarek,
+ Terrence Wood,
+ Thijs van der Vossen,
+ Thomas Broyer,
+ Thomas Koetter,
+ Thomas O'Connor,
+ Tim Altman,
+ Tim Johansson,
+ TJ VanToll,
+ Toby Inkster,
+ Todd Moody,
+ Tom Baker,
+ Tom Pike,
+ Tommy Thorsen,
+ Tony Ross,
+ Travis Leithead,
+ Trevor Saunders,
+ Tyler Close,
+ Victor Carbune,
+ Vipul Snehadeep Chawathe,
+ Vitya Muhachev,
+ Vladimir Katardjiev,
+ Vladimir Vuki&cacute;evi&cacute;,
+ voracity,
+ Wakaba,
+ Wayne Carr,
+ Wayne Pollock,
+ Wellington Fernando de Macedo,
+ Weston Ruter,
+ Wilhelm Joys Andersen,
+ Will Levine,
+ William Chen,
+ William Swanson,
+ Wladimir Palant,
+ Wojciech Mach,
+ Wolfram Kriesing,
+ Xan Gregg,
+ Yang Chen,
+ Ye-Kui Wang,
+ Yehuda Katz,
+ Yi-An Huang,
+ Yngve Nysaeter Pettersen,
+ Yonathan Randolph,
+ Yuzo Fujishima,
+ Zhenbin Xu,
+ Zoltan Herczeg,
+ and
+ &Oslash;istein E. Andersen,
+
+ for their useful comments, both large and small, that have led to changes to this specification
+ over the years.</p>
+
+ <p>Thanks also to everyone who has ever posted about HTML to their blogs, public mailing lists, or
+ forums, including all the contributors to the <a href=http://www.w3.org/html/wg/lists/>various
+ W3C HTML WG lists</a> and the <a href=//www.whatwg.org/mailing-list>various WHATWG
+ lists</a>.
+
+ <p>Special thanks to Richard Williamson for creating the first implementation of
+ <code><a href=#the-canvas-element>canvas</a></code> in Safari, from which the canvas feature was designed.</p>
+
+ <p>Special thanks also to the Microsoft employees who first implemented the event-based
+ drag-and-drop mechanism, <code title=attr-contenteditable><a href=#attr-contenteditable>contenteditable</a></code>, and other
+ features first widely deployed by the Windows Internet Explorer browser.</p>
+
+ <p class=impl>Special thanks and $10,000 to David Hyatt who came up with a broken implementation
+ of the <a href=#adoptionAgency>adoption agency algorithm</a> that the editor had to reverse
+ engineer and fix before using it in the parsing section.</p>
+
+ <p>Thanks to the participants of the microdata usability study for allowing us to use their
+ mistakes as a guide for designing the microdata feature.</p>
+
+ <p>Thanks to the many sources that provided inspiration for the examples used in the
+ specification.</p>
+
+ <p>Thanks also to the Microsoft blogging community for some ideas, to the attendees of the W3C
+ Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents for inspiration, to the #mrt crew, the #mrt.no
+ crew, and the #whatwg crew, and to Pillar and Hedral for their ideas and support.</p>
+
+ <p>Thanks to Igor Zhbanov for generating PDF versions of the specification.</p>
+
+ <p>This specification is written by Ian Hickson (Google, ian@hixie.ch), with contributions from
+ Simon Pieters (Opera, simonp@opera.com) in the <code><a href=#the-img-element>img</a></code> section.</p>
+
+
+
+ <div itemscope="" itemtype=http://n.whatwg.org/work>
+ <p>The image in the introduction is based on <a itemprop=work href=http://www.flickr.com/photos/wonderlane/2986252088/>a photo</a>
+ by <a itemprop=http://creativecommons.org/ns#attributionURL href=http://www.flickr.com/photos/wonderlane/>Wonderlane</a>.
+ (<a itemprop=license href=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/>CC BY 2.0</a>)
+ </div>
+
+
+
+ <div itemscope="" itemtype=http://n.whatwg.org/work>
+ <p>The image of two cute kittens in a basket used in the context menu example is based on
+ <a itemprop=work href=http://www.flickr.com/photos/digidreamgrafix/8370087640/>a photo</a>
+ by <a itemprop=http://creativecommons.org/ns#attributionURL href=http://www.flickr.com/photos/digidreamgrafix/>Alex G</a>.
+ (<a itemprop=license href=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/>CC BY 2.0</a>)
+ </div>
+
+ <div itemscope="" itemtype=http://n.whatwg.org/work>
+ <p>The Blue Robot Player sprite used in the canvas demo is based on
+ <a itemprop=work href=http://johncolburn.deviantart.com/art/Blue-Robot-Player-Sprite-323813997>a work</a> by
+ <a itemprop=http://creativecommons.org/ns#attributionURL href=http://johncolburn.deviantart.com/>JohnColburn</a>.
+ (<a itemprop=license href=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/>CC BY-SA 3.0</a>)</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div itemscope="" itemtype=http://n.whatwg.org/work>
+ <p>The photograph of robot 148 climbing the tower at the FIRST Robotics Competition 2013 Silicon Valley Regional is based on
+ <a itemprop=work href=http://www.flickr.com/photos/lenore-m/8631391979/>a work</a> by
+ <a itemprop=http://creativecommons.org/ns#attributionURL href=http://www.flickr.com/photos/lenore-m/>Lenore Edman</a>.
+ (<a itemprop=license href=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/>CC BY 2.0</a>)</p>
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Parts of this specification are &copy; Copyright 2004-2014 Apple Inc., Mozilla Foundation, and
+ Opera Software ASA. You are granted a license to use, reproduce and create derivative works of
+ this document.</p>
+
+ <!-- Hopefully Kam won't notice he's covered by these acknowledgements three times! -->
+
+
diff --git a/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/document-medium.html b/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/document-medium.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..809b5b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/document-medium.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1512 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html class=" ">
+ <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb# object: http://ogp.me/ns/object# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article# profile: http://ogp.me/ns/profile#">
+ <meta charset='utf-8'>
+ <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
+
+
+ <title>rgrove/sanitize at dev-3.0.0 · GitHub</title>
+ <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="GitHub" />
+ <link rel="fluid-icon" href="https://github.com/fluidicon.png" title="GitHub" />
+ <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/apple-touch-icon-114.png" />
+ <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/apple-touch-icon-114.png" />
+ <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/apple-touch-icon-144.png" />
+ <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/apple-touch-icon-144.png" />
+ <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1401488693436528"/>
+
+ <meta content="@github" name="twitter:site" /><meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /><meta content="rgrove/sanitize" name="twitter:title" /><meta content="Whitelist-based Ruby HTML sanitizer." name="twitter:description" /><meta content="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1465?s=400" name="twitter:image:src" />
+<meta content="GitHub" property="og:site_name" /><meta content="object" property="og:type" /><meta content="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1465?s=400" property="og:image" /><meta content="rgrove/sanitize" property="og:title" /><meta content="https://github.com/rgrove/sanitize" property="og:url" /><meta content="Whitelist-based Ruby HTML sanitizer." property="og:description" />
+
+ <link rel="assets" href="https://assets-cdn.github.com/">
+ <link rel="conduit-xhr" href="https://ghconduit.com:25035/">
+ <link rel="xhr-socket" href="/_sockets" />
+
+ <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/windows-tile.png" />
+ <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff" />
+ <meta name="selected-link" value="repo_source" data-pjax-transient />
+ <meta name="google-analytics" content="UA-3769691-2">
+
+ <meta content="collector.githubapp.com" name="octolytics-host" /><meta content="collector-cdn.github.com" name="octolytics-script-host" /><meta content="github" name="octolytics-app-id" /><meta content="4C69DD2E:5170:6C7636:537BD990" name="octolytics-dimension-request_id" />
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://assets-cdn.github.com/favicon.ico" />
+
+ <meta content="authenticity_token" name="csrf-param" />
+<meta content="vNsFBLnpso1tK/VKf2J+RA/S+CS/gAV56qG3exeB2dczzElTQhMtnOYq+nHZD6HlsH3FIXsvb9TUz7C8hRC+Aw==" name="csrf-token" />
+
+ <link href="https://assets-cdn.github.com/assets/github-dc3b5ef1bc6b1a7195c5411444124d626d072527.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
+ <link href="https://assets-cdn.github.com/assets/github2-aaf82d4c2cd800a7e0df9bc5616889f46dc919b3.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
+
+
+
+ <meta http-equiv="x-pjax-version" content="28535d584f42419aa9cc2690ca69da48">
+
+
+ <meta name="description" content="Whitelist-based Ruby HTML sanitizer." />
+
+ <meta content="1465" name="octolytics-dimension-user_id" /><meta content="rgrove" name="octolytics-dimension-user_login" /><meta content="96577" name="octolytics-dimension-repository_id" /><meta content="rgrove/sanitize" name="octolytics-dimension-repository_nwo" /><meta content="true" name="octolytics-dimension-repository_public" /><meta content="false" name="octolytics-dimension-repository_is_fork" /><meta content="96577" name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_id" /><meta content="rgrove/sanitize" name="octolytics-dimension-repository_network_root_nwo" />
+ <link href="https://github.com/rgrove/sanitize/commits/dev-3.0.0.atom" rel="alternate" title="Recent Commits to sanitize:dev-3.0.0" type="application/atom+xml" />
+
+ </head>
+
+
+ <body class="logged_out env-production macintosh vis-public">
+ <a href="#start-of-content" tabindex="1" class="accessibility-aid js-skip-to-content">Skip to content</a>
+ <div class="wrapper">
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <div class="header header-logged-out">
+ <div class="container clearfix">
+
+ <a class="header-logo-wordmark" href="https://github.com/">
+ <span class="mega-octicon octicon-logo-github"></span>
+ </a>
+
+ <div class="header-actions">
+ <a class="button primary" href="/join">Sign up</a>
+ <a class="button signin" href="/login?return_to=%2Frgrove%2Fsanitize%2Ftree%2Fdev-3.0.0">Sign in</a>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="command-bar js-command-bar in-repository">
+
+ <ul class="top-nav">
+ <li class="explore"><a href="/explore">Explore</a></li>
+ <li class="features"><a href="/features">Features</a></li>
+ <li class="enterprise"><a href="https://enterprise.github.com/">Enterprise</a></li>
+ <li class="blog"><a href="/blog">Blog</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ <form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/search" class="command-bar-form" id="top_search_form" method="get">
+
+<div class="commandbar">
+ <span class="message"></span>
+ <input type="text" data-hotkey="s, /" name="q" id="js-command-bar-field" placeholder="Search or type a command" tabindex="1" autocapitalize="off"
+
+
+ data-repo="rgrove/sanitize"
+ data-branch="dev-3.0.0"
+ data-sha="027259501299baa4767034acc355c600bd9ef720"
+ >
+ <div class="display hidden"></div>
+</div>
+
+ <input type="hidden" name="nwo" value="rgrove/sanitize" />
+
+ <div class="select-menu js-menu-container js-select-menu search-context-select-menu">
+ <span class="minibutton select-menu-button js-menu-target" role="button" aria-haspopup="true">
+ <span class="js-select-button">This repository</span>
+ </span>
+
+ <div class="select-menu-modal-holder js-menu-content js-navigation-container" aria-hidden="true">
+ <div class="select-menu-modal">
+
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item js-this-repository-navigation-item selected">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <input type="radio" class="js-search-this-repository" name="search_target" value="repository" checked="checked" />
+ <div class="select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text">This repository</div>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item js-all-repositories-navigation-item">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <input type="radio" name="search_target" value="global" />
+ <div class="select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text">All repositories</div>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <span class="help tooltipped tooltipped-s" aria-label="Show command bar help">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-question"></span>
+ </span>
+
+
+ <input type="hidden" name="ref" value="cmdform">
+
+</form>
+ </div>
+
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+ <div id="start-of-content" class="accessibility-aid"></div>
+ <div class="site" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage">
+ <div id="js-flash-container">
+
+ </div>
+ <div class="pagehead repohead instapaper_ignore readability-menu">
+ <div class="container">
+
+
+<ul class="pagehead-actions">
+
+
+ <li>
+ <a href="/login?return_to=%2Frgrove%2Fsanitize"
+ class="minibutton with-count star-button tooltipped tooltipped-n"
+ aria-label="You must be signed in to star a repository" rel="nofollow">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-star"></span>Star
+ </a>
+
+ <a class="social-count js-social-count" href="/rgrove/sanitize/stargazers">
+ 1,152
+ </a>
+
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <a href="/login?return_to=%2Frgrove%2Fsanitize"
+ class="minibutton with-count js-toggler-target fork-button tooltipped tooltipped-n"
+ aria-label="You must be signed in to fork a repository" rel="nofollow">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-git-branch"></span>Fork
+ </a>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/network" class="social-count">
+ 65
+ </a>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+ <h1 itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb" class="entry-title public">
+ <span class="repo-label"><span>public</span></span>
+ <span class="mega-octicon octicon-repo"></span>
+ <span class="author"><a href="/rgrove" class="url fn" itemprop="url" rel="author"><span itemprop="title">rgrove</span></a></span><!--
+ --><span class="path-divider">/</span><!--
+ --><strong><a href="/rgrove/sanitize" class="js-current-repository js-repo-home-link">sanitize</a></strong>
+
+ <span class="page-context-loader">
+ <img alt="" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </span>
+
+ </h1>
+ </div><!-- /.container -->
+ </div><!-- /.repohead -->
+
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="repository-with-sidebar repo-container new-discussion-timeline js-new-discussion-timeline with-full-navigation ">
+ <div class="repository-sidebar clearfix">
+
+
+<div class="sunken-menu vertical-right repo-nav js-repo-nav js-repository-container-pjax js-octicon-loaders">
+ <div class="sunken-menu-contents">
+ <ul class="sunken-menu-group">
+ <li class="tooltipped tooltipped-w" aria-label="Code">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/dev-3.0.0" aria-label="Code" class="selected js-selected-navigation-item sunken-menu-item" data-hotkey="g c" data-pjax="true" data-selected-links="repo_source repo_downloads repo_commits repo_releases repo_tags repo_branches /rgrove/sanitize/tree/dev-3.0.0">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-code"></span> <span class="full-word">Code</span>
+ <img alt="" class="mini-loader" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+</a> </li>
+
+ <li class="tooltipped tooltipped-w" aria-label="Issues">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/issues" aria-label="Issues" class="js-selected-navigation-item sunken-menu-item js-disable-pjax" data-hotkey="g i" data-selected-links="repo_issues /rgrove/sanitize/issues">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-issue-opened"></span> <span class="full-word">Issues</span>
+ <span class='counter'>4</span>
+ <img alt="" class="mini-loader" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+</a> </li>
+
+ <li class="tooltipped tooltipped-w" aria-label="Pull Requests">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/pulls" aria-label="Pull Requests" class="js-selected-navigation-item sunken-menu-item js-disable-pjax" data-hotkey="g p" data-selected-links="repo_pulls /rgrove/sanitize/pulls">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request"></span> <span class="full-word">Pull Requests</span>
+ <span class='counter'>0</span>
+ <img alt="" class="mini-loader" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+</a> </li>
+
+
+ <li class="tooltipped tooltipped-w" aria-label="Wiki">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/wiki" aria-label="Wiki" class="js-selected-navigation-item sunken-menu-item js-disable-pjax" data-hotkey="g w" data-selected-links="repo_wiki /rgrove/sanitize/wiki">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-book"></span> <span class="full-word">Wiki</span>
+ <img alt="" class="mini-loader" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+</a> </li>
+ </ul>
+ <div class="sunken-menu-separator"></div>
+ <ul class="sunken-menu-group">
+
+ <li class="tooltipped tooltipped-w" aria-label="Pulse">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/pulse" aria-label="Pulse" class="js-selected-navigation-item sunken-menu-item" data-pjax="true" data-selected-links="pulse /rgrove/sanitize/pulse">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-pulse"></span> <span class="full-word">Pulse</span>
+ <img alt="" class="mini-loader" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+</a> </li>
+
+ <li class="tooltipped tooltipped-w" aria-label="Graphs">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/graphs" aria-label="Graphs" class="js-selected-navigation-item sunken-menu-item" data-pjax="true" data-selected-links="repo_graphs repo_contributors /rgrove/sanitize/graphs">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-graph"></span> <span class="full-word">Graphs</span>
+ <img alt="" class="mini-loader" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+</a> </li>
+
+ <li class="tooltipped tooltipped-w" aria-label="Network">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/network" aria-label="Network" class="js-selected-navigation-item sunken-menu-item js-disable-pjax" data-selected-links="repo_network /rgrove/sanitize/network">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-git-branch"></span> <span class="full-word">Network</span>
+ <img alt="" class="mini-loader" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+</a> </li>
+ </ul>
+
+
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+ <div class="only-with-full-nav">
+
+
+
+
+<div class="clone-url open"
+ data-protocol-type="http"
+ data-url="/users/set_protocol?protocol_selector=http&amp;protocol_type=clone">
+ <h3><strong>HTTPS</strong> clone URL</h3>
+ <div class="clone-url-box">
+ <input type="text" class="clone js-url-field"
+ value="https://github.com/rgrove/sanitize.git" readonly="readonly">
+ <span class="url-box-clippy">
+ <button aria-label="copy to clipboard" class="js-zeroclipboard minibutton zeroclipboard-button" data-clipboard-text="https://github.com/rgrove/sanitize.git" data-copied-hint="copied!" type="button"><span class="octicon octicon-clippy"></span></button>
+ </span>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="clone-url "
+ data-protocol-type="subversion"
+ data-url="/users/set_protocol?protocol_selector=subversion&amp;protocol_type=clone">
+ <h3><strong>Subversion</strong> checkout URL</h3>
+ <div class="clone-url-box">
+ <input type="text" class="clone js-url-field"
+ value="https://github.com/rgrove/sanitize" readonly="readonly">
+ <span class="url-box-clippy">
+ <button aria-label="copy to clipboard" class="js-zeroclipboard minibutton zeroclipboard-button" data-clipboard-text="https://github.com/rgrove/sanitize" data-copied-hint="copied!" type="button"><span class="octicon octicon-clippy"></span></button>
+ </span>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+
+<p class="clone-options">You can clone with
+ <a href="#" class="js-clone-selector" data-protocol="http">HTTPS</a>
+ or <a href="#" class="js-clone-selector" data-protocol="subversion">Subversion</a>.
+ <span class="help tooltipped tooltipped-n" aria-label="Get help on which URL is right for you.">
+ <a href="https://help.github.com/articles/which-remote-url-should-i-use">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-question"></span>
+ </a>
+ </span>
+</p>
+
+ <a href="http://mac.github.com" data-url="github-mac://openRepo/https://github.com/rgrove/sanitize" class="minibutton sidebar-button js-conduit-rewrite-url" title="Save rgrove/sanitize to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop." aria-label="Save rgrove/sanitize to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-device-desktop"></span>
+ Clone in Desktop
+ </a>
+
+
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/archive/dev-3.0.0.zip"
+ class="minibutton sidebar-button"
+ aria-label="Download rgrove/sanitize as a zip file"
+ title="Download rgrove/sanitize as a zip file"
+ rel="nofollow">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-cloud-download"></span>
+ Download ZIP
+ </a>
+ </div>
+ </div><!-- /.repository-sidebar -->
+
+ <div id="js-repo-pjax-container" class="repository-content context-loader-container" data-pjax-container>
+
+
+<span id="js-show-full-navigation"></span>
+
+<div class="repository-meta js-details-container ">
+ <div class="repository-description js-details-show">
+ <p>Whitelist-based Ruby HTML sanitizer.</p>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="capped-box overall-summary ">
+
+ <div class="stats-switcher-viewport js-stats-switcher-viewport">
+ <div class="stats-switcher-wrapper">
+ <ul class="numbers-summary">
+ <li class="commits">
+ <a data-pjax href="/rgrove/sanitize/commits/dev-3.0.0">
+ <span class="num">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-history"></span>
+ 241
+ </span>
+ commits
+ </a>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a data-pjax href="/rgrove/sanitize/branches">
+ <span class="num">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-git-branch"></span>
+ 5
+ </span>
+ branches
+ </a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <a data-pjax href="/rgrove/sanitize/releases">
+ <span class="num">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-tag"></span>
+ 19
+ </span>
+ releases
+ </a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/graphs/contributors">
+ <span class="num">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-organization"></span>
+ 16
+ </span>
+ contributors
+ </a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="repository-lang-stats">
+ <ol class="repository-lang-stats-numbers">
+ <li>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/search?l=ruby">
+ <span class="color-block language-color" style="background-color:#701516;"></span>
+ <span class="lang">Ruby</span>
+ <span class="percent">100%</span>
+ </a>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+</div>
+
+ <div class="tooltipped tooltipped-s" aria-label="Show language statistics">
+ <a href="#"
+ class="repository-lang-stats-graph js-toggle-lang-stats"
+ style="background-color:#701516">
+ <span class="language-color" style="width:100%; background-color:#701516;" itemprop="keywords">Ruby</span>
+ </a>
+ </div>
+
+
+
+<div class="file-navigation in-mid-page">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/compare/dev-3.0.0" aria-label="Compare, review, create a pull request" class="minibutton compact primary tooltipped tooltipped-s" aria-label="Compare &amp; review" data-pjax>
+ <span class="octicon octicon-git-compare"></span>
+ </a>
+
+
+
+<div class="select-menu js-menu-container js-select-menu" >
+ <span class="minibutton select-menu-button js-menu-target" data-hotkey="w"
+ data-master-branch="master"
+ data-ref="dev-3.0.0"
+ role="button" aria-label="Switch branches or tags" tabindex="0" aria-haspopup="true">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-git-branch"></span>
+ <i>branch:</i>
+ <span class="js-select-button">dev-3.0.0</span>
+ </span>
+
+ <div class="select-menu-modal-holder js-menu-content js-navigation-container" data-pjax aria-hidden="true">
+
+ <div class="select-menu-modal">
+ <div class="select-menu-header">
+ <span class="select-menu-title">Switch branches/tags</span>
+ <span class="octicon octicon-remove-close js-menu-close"></span>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-header -->
+
+ <div class="select-menu-filters">
+ <div class="select-menu-text-filter">
+ <input type="text" aria-label="Filter branches/tags" id="context-commitish-filter-field" class="js-filterable-field js-navigation-enable" placeholder="Filter branches/tags">
+ </div>
+ <div class="select-menu-tabs">
+ <ul>
+ <li class="select-menu-tab">
+ <a href="#" data-tab-filter="branches" class="js-select-menu-tab">Branches</a>
+ </li>
+ <li class="select-menu-tab">
+ <a href="#" data-tab-filter="tags" class="js-select-menu-tab">Tags</a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </div><!-- /.select-menu-tabs -->
+ </div><!-- /.select-menu-filters -->
+
+ <div class="select-menu-list select-menu-tab-bucket js-select-menu-tab-bucket" data-tab-filter="branches">
+
+ <div data-filterable-for="context-commitish-filter-field" data-filterable-type="substring">
+
+
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/dev-2.2.0"
+ data-name="dev-2.2.0"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="dev-2.2.0">dev-2.2.0</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item selected">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/dev-3.0.0"
+ data-name="dev-3.0.0"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="dev-3.0.0">dev-3.0.0</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/freeze"
+ data-name="freeze"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="freeze">freeze</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/gumbo"
+ data-name="gumbo"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="gumbo">gumbo</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/master"
+ data-name="master"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="master">master</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="select-menu-no-results">Nothing to show</div>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-list -->
+
+ <div class="select-menu-list select-menu-tab-bucket js-select-menu-tab-bucket" data-tab-filter="tags">
+ <div data-filterable-for="context-commitish-filter-field" data-filterable-type="substring">
+
+
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/v2.0.6"
+ data-name="v2.0.6"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="v2.0.6">v2.0.6</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/v2.0.5"
+ data-name="v2.0.5"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="v2.0.5">v2.0.5</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/v2.0.4"
+ data-name="v2.0.4"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="v2.0.4">v2.0.4</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/v2.0.3"
+ data-name="v2.0.3"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="v2.0.3">v2.0.3</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-2.0.2"
+ data-name="release-2.0.2"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-2.0.2">release-2.0.2</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-2.0.1"
+ data-name="release-2.0.1"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-2.0.1">release-2.0.1</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-2.0.0"
+ data-name="release-2.0.0"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-2.0.0">release-2.0.0</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-1.2.1"
+ data-name="release-1.2.1"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-1.2.1">release-1.2.1</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-1.2.0"
+ data-name="release-1.2.0"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-1.2.0">release-1.2.0</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-1.1.0"
+ data-name="release-1.1.0"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-1.1.0">release-1.1.0</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-1.0.8"
+ data-name="release-1.0.8"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-1.0.8">release-1.0.8</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-1.0.7"
+ data-name="release-1.0.7"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-1.0.7">release-1.0.7</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-1.0.6"
+ data-name="release-1.0.6"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-1.0.6">release-1.0.6</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-1.0.5"
+ data-name="release-1.0.5"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-1.0.5">release-1.0.5</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-1.0.4"
+ data-name="release-1.0.4"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-1.0.4">release-1.0.4</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-1.0.3"
+ data-name="release-1.0.3"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-1.0.3">release-1.0.3</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-1.0.2"
+ data-name="release-1.0.2"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-1.0.2">release-1.0.2</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-1.0.1"
+ data-name="release-1.0.1"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-1.0.1">release-1.0.1</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ <div class="select-menu-item js-navigation-item ">
+ <span class="select-menu-item-icon octicon octicon-check"></span>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/release-1.0.0"
+ data-name="release-1.0.0"
+ data-skip-pjax="true"
+ rel="nofollow"
+ class="js-navigation-open select-menu-item-text js-select-button-text css-truncate-target"
+ title="release-1.0.0">release-1.0.0</a>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-item -->
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="select-menu-no-results">Nothing to show</div>
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-list -->
+
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-modal -->
+ </div> <!-- /.select-menu-modal-holder -->
+</div> <!-- /.select-menu -->
+
+
+ <div class="breadcrumb"><span class='repo-root js-repo-root'><span itemscope="" itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/dev-3.0.0" data-branch="dev-3.0.0" data-direction="back" data-pjax="true" itemscope="url"><span itemprop="title">sanitize</span></a></span></span><span class="separator"> / </span><form action="/login?return_to=%2Frgrove%2Fsanitize%2Ftree%2Fdev-3.0.0" aria-label="Sign in to make or propose changes" class="js-new-blob-form tooltipped tooltipped-e new-file-link" method="post"><span aria-label="Sign in to make or propose changes" class="js-new-blob-submit octicon octicon-file-add" data-test-id="create-new-git-file" role="button"></span></form></div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<a href="/rgrove/sanitize/find/dev-3.0.0"
+ data-hotkey="t" class="js-show-file-finder" style="display:none" data-pjax>Show File Finder</a>
+
+ <div class="branch-infobar clearfix">
+ <p>
+ This branch is
+ 43 commits ahead and
+ 0 commits behind master
+ </p>
+
+ <ul class="lightweight-actions">
+ <li>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/pull/new/dev-3.0.0">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-git-pull-request"></span>
+ Pull Request
+ </a>
+ </li>
+ <!--
+ <li>
+ <a href="#">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion"></span>
+ Branch discussion
+ </a>
+ </li>
+ -->
+ <li>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/compare/dev-3.0.0">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-diff"></span>
+ Compare
+ </a>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div class="commit commit-tease js-details-container" >
+ <p class="commit-title ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/2e6c581fa92602e899407f018feb0320c5d130be" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Add a couple of legacy attributes to the relaxed config.">Add a couple of legacy attributes to the relaxed config.</a>
+
+ </p>
+ <div class="commit-meta">
+ <button aria-label="Copy SHA" class="js-zeroclipboard zeroclipboard-link" data-clipboard-text="2e6c581fa92602e899407f018feb0320c5d130be" data-copied-hint="copied!" type="button"><span class="octicon octicon-clippy"></span></button>
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/2e6c581fa92602e899407f018feb0320c5d130be" class="sha-block" data-pjax>latest commit <span class="sha">2e6c581fa9</span></a>
+
+ <div class="authorship">
+ <img alt="Ryan Grove" class="gravatar js-avatar" data-user="1465" height="20" src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1465?s=140" width="20" />
+ <span class="author-name"><a href="/rgrove" data-skip-pjax="true" rel="author">rgrove</a></span>
+ authored <time class="updated" datetime="2014-05-20T12:45:52-07:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2014-05-20 12:45:52 -0700">May 20, 2014</time>
+
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="file-wrap">
+ <table class="files" data-pjax>
+
+
+<tbody class=""
+ data-url="/rgrove/sanitize/file-list/dev-3.0.0"
+ data-deferred-content-error="Failed to load latest commit information.">
+ <tr>
+ <td class="icon">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-file-directory"></span>
+ <img alt="" class="spinner" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </td>
+ <td class="content">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/dev-3.0.0/benchmark" class="js-directory-link" id="07978586e47c8709a63e895fbf3c3c7d-5a95f75a08fc12884dfe0fc2842346d1aec98c4a" title="benchmark">benchmark</a></span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="message">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/ce844b7eb13bfee84276d41ba91ff183773f484b" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Update benchmarks. We got a lot faster. Thanks Gumbo!">Update benchmarks. We got a lot faster. Thanks Gumbo!</a>
+ </span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="age">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><time datetime="2014-05-18T16:41:36-07:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2014-05-18 16:41:36 -0700">May 18, 2014</time></span>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="icon">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-file-directory"></span>
+ <img alt="" class="spinner" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </td>
+ <td class="content">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/dev-3.0.0/lib" class="js-directory-link" id="e8acc63b1e238f3255c900eed37254b8-2ba6ea05e193fc4e89efd4072ed1d5e66a263a53" title="lib">lib</a></span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="message">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/2e6c581fa92602e899407f018feb0320c5d130be" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Add a couple of legacy attributes to the relaxed config.">Add a couple of legacy attributes to the relaxed config.</a>
+ </span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="age">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><time datetime="2014-05-20T12:45:52-07:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2014-05-20 12:45:52 -0700">May 20, 2014</time></span>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="icon">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-file-directory"></span>
+ <img alt="" class="spinner" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </td>
+ <td class="content">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/tree/dev-3.0.0/test" class="js-directory-link" id="098f6bcd4621d373cade4e832627b4f6-a01581020167c9550f0d5a9f9ecef904184a3ef9" title="test">test</a></span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="message">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/5f2809e5e13341ff163d90f78981d729bfb00a58" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Workaround for libxml2 forcibly adding a content-type meta tag.
+
+The version of libxml2 used by Nokogiri forcibly adds a content-type meta
+tag to all documents with a &lt;head&gt; element during serialization, which is
+stupid.
+
+See also: sparklemotion/nokogiri#1008">Workaround for libxml2 forcibly adding a content-type meta tag.</a>
+ </span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="age">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><time datetime="2014-05-20T12:45:00-07:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2014-05-20 12:45:00 -0700">May 20, 2014</time></span>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="icon">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-file-text"></span>
+ <img alt="" class="spinner" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </td>
+ <td class="content">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/blob/dev-3.0.0/.gitignore" class="js-directory-link" id="a084b794bc0759e7a6b77810e01874f2-cb3dddb63c369ba2982d52fe9e28ef45f3d803b8" title=".gitignore">.gitignore</a></span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="message">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/21cece27a377d40b405fc54bdf942f8eecfb5008" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Add .yardopts, and use yard to generate docs.">Add .yardopts, and use yard to generate docs.</a>
+ </span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="age">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><time datetime="2013-09-18T17:09:07-07:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2013-09-18 17:09:07 -0700">September 18, 2013</time></span>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="icon">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-file-text"></span>
+ <img alt="" class="spinner" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </td>
+ <td class="content">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/blob/dev-3.0.0/.travis.yml" class="js-directory-link" id="354f30a63fb0907d4ad57269548329e3-506f40c8582b2e3c0243bf2ebbbdc2220937cdc7" title=".travis.yml">.travis.yml</a></span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="message">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/2ca27b786f5acbd48d7905204ff9a5410997eded" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Travis: Test against Ruby 2.1.2.">Travis: Test against Ruby 2.1.2.</a>
+ </span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="age">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><time datetime="2014-05-18T16:12:39-07:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2014-05-18 16:12:39 -0700">May 18, 2014</time></span>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="icon">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-file-text"></span>
+ <img alt="" class="spinner" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </td>
+ <td class="content">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/blob/dev-3.0.0/.yardopts" class="js-directory-link" id="5808b886486adcc2f1820a316cd5652d-88c462fdff6253794381fc4e452bc34d9b2b3233" title=".yardopts">.yardopts</a></span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="message">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/e28fc3ec6ea1db83de0c8dbaf55c08e7f72b4183" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Include HISTORY.md in the docs.">Include HISTORY.md in the docs.</a>
+ </span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="age">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><time datetime="2014-05-19T17:20:29-07:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2014-05-19 17:20:29 -0700">May 19, 2014</time></span>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="icon">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-file-text"></span>
+ <img alt="" class="spinner" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </td>
+ <td class="content">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/blob/dev-3.0.0/Gemfile" class="js-directory-link" id="8b7db4d5cc4b8f6dc8feb7030baa2478-3be9c3cd812e6cb2d9d029ec79a88bf4662aa68b" title="Gemfile">Gemfile</a></span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="message">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/8646dc2fb688cdd035daa35b32b7b873f3feceeb" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Use https://rubygems.org.">Use</a> <a href="https://rubygems.org">https://rubygems.org</a><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/8646dc2fb688cdd035daa35b32b7b873f3feceeb" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Use https://rubygems.org.">.</a>
+ </span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="age">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><time datetime="2014-05-20T10:29:27-07:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2014-05-20 10:29:27 -0700">May 20, 2014</time></span>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="icon">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-file-text"></span>
+ <img alt="" class="spinner" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </td>
+ <td class="content">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/blob/dev-3.0.0/HISTORY.md" class="js-directory-link" id="88dc7475eedf918122374be6d7c2c151-41baeafc07a544dd990d21902ecfdcbbb1dbbdad" title="HISTORY.md">HISTORY.md</a></span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="message">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/5f2809e5e13341ff163d90f78981d729bfb00a58" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Workaround for libxml2 forcibly adding a content-type meta tag.
+
+The version of libxml2 used by Nokogiri forcibly adds a content-type meta
+tag to all documents with a &lt;head&gt; element during serialization, which is
+stupid.
+
+See also: sparklemotion/nokogiri#1008">Workaround for libxml2 forcibly adding a content-type meta tag.</a>
+ </span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="age">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><time datetime="2014-05-20T12:45:00-07:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2014-05-20 12:45:00 -0700">May 20, 2014</time></span>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="icon">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-file-text"></span>
+ <img alt="" class="spinner" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </td>
+ <td class="content">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/blob/dev-3.0.0/LICENSE" class="js-directory-link" id="9879d6db96fd29134fc802214163b95a-05549118f3b1bde9a88ac7c642ccb4590915b944" title="LICENSE">LICENSE</a></span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="message">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/76ee6e448b5480c49a79ed1f7ed6f212069f272b" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Release 2.1.0.">Release 2.1.0.</a>
+ </span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="age">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><time datetime="2014-01-13T15:27:16-08:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2014-01-13 15:27:16 -0800">January 13, 2014</time></span>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="icon">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-file-text"></span>
+ <img alt="" class="spinner" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </td>
+ <td class="content">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/blob/dev-3.0.0/README.md" class="js-directory-link" id="04c6e90faac2675aa89e2176d2eec7d8-356a35f993ab9b85d0fb9213e73a1feb92bfb4dd" title="README.md">README.md</a></span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="message">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/301eda5ae733f650fe3e2d4498f306c3eddf4ac5" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Deep freeze the built-in configs.
+
+Based on PR #75 from @pda.
+
+This also adds Sanitize::Config.merge(), which can be used to safely
+deep-merge two configs (details in the readme).">Deep freeze the built-in configs.</a>
+ </span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="age">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><time datetime="2014-05-19T17:20:15-07:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2014-05-19 17:20:15 -0700">May 19, 2014</time></span>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="icon">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-file-text"></span>
+ <img alt="" class="spinner" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </td>
+ <td class="content">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/blob/dev-3.0.0/Rakefile" class="js-directory-link" id="52c976fc38ed2b4e3b1192f8a8e24cff-fd0ea81d9c35ecde722be2005a2b408df03c7fd9" title="Rakefile">Rakefile</a></span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="message">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/eb618ad624798a22389b05a095d4c1f946a7e0ec" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Remove redundant licenses.
+
+These things are so 90s.">Remove redundant licenses.</a>
+ </span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="age">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><time datetime="2014-05-17T20:51:02-07:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2014-05-17 20:51:02 -0700">May 17, 2014</time></span>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td class="icon">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-file-text"></span>
+ <img alt="" class="spinner" height="16" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/images/spinners/octocat-spinner-32.gif" width="16" />
+ </td>
+ <td class="content">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><a href="/rgrove/sanitize/blob/dev-3.0.0/sanitize.gemspec" class="js-directory-link" id="b54405cb6293bf0eed12ec79eee871c8-f8b56a2a688848f3cea0e8e4155ede4f0c524753" title="sanitize.gemspec">sanitize.gemspec</a></span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="message">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target ">
+ <a href="/rgrove/sanitize/commit/8c29d8480a3d2db7279ccf9c336b6498230e1bd5" class="message" data-pjax="true" title="Require Minitest ~&gt; 5.3.4.">Require Minitest ~&gt; 5.3.4.</a>
+ </span>
+ </td>
+ <td class="age">
+ <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target"><time datetime="2014-05-17T15:36:08-07:00" is="relative-time" title-format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z" title="2014-05-17 15:36:08 -0700">May 17, 2014</time></span>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+</tbody>
+
+ </table>
+ </div>
+
+
+ <div id="readme" class="clearfix announce instapaper_body md">
+ <span class="name">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-book"></span>
+ README.md
+ </span>
+
+ <article class="markdown-body entry-content" itemprop="mainContentOfPage"><h1>
+<a name="user-content-sanitize" class="anchor" href="#sanitize"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Sanitize</h1>
+
+<p>Sanitize is a whitelist-based HTML sanitizer. Given a list of acceptable
+elements and attributes, Sanitize will remove all unacceptable HTML from a
+string.</p>
+
+<p>Using a simple configuration syntax, you can tell Sanitize to allow certain
+elements, certain attributes within those elements, and even certain URL
+protocols within attributes that contain URLs. Any HTML elements or attributes
+that you don't explicitly allow will be removed.</p>
+
+<p>Sanitize is based on <a href="https://github.com/google/gumbo-parser">Google's Gumbo HTML5 parser</a>, which parses HTML
+exactly the same way modern browsers do. As long as your whitelist config only
+allows safe markup, even the most malformed or malicious input will be
+transformed into safe output.</p>
+
+<p><a href="https://travis-ci.org/rgrove/sanitize"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8cbb6b37206c06dca9aad142aeabdb2db8a5614b/68747470733a2f2f7472617669732d63692e6f72672f7267726f76652f73616e6974697a652e7376673f6272616e63683d6d6173746572" alt="Build Status" data-canonical-src="https://travis-ci.org/rgrove/sanitize.svg?branch=master" style="max-width:100%;"></a>
+<a href="http://badge.fury.io/rb/sanitize"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f74d6ba1eba40a388a496b343275302bdb4260d5/68747470733a2f2f62616467652e667572792e696f2f72622f73616e6974697a652e737667" alt="Gem Version" data-canonical-src="https://badge.fury.io/rb/sanitize.svg" style="max-width:100%;"></a></p>
+
+<h2>
+<a name="user-content-links" class="anchor" href="#links"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Links</h2>
+
+<ul class="task-list">
+<li><a href="https://github.com/rgrove/sanitize/">Home</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://rubydoc.info/github/rgrove/sanitize/master">API Docs</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/rgrove/sanitize/issues">Issues</a></li>
+</ul><h2>
+<a name="user-content-installation" class="anchor" href="#installation"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Installation</h2>
+
+<pre><code>gem install sanitize
+</code></pre>
+
+<h2>
+<a name="user-content-usage" class="anchor" href="#usage"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Usage</h2>
+
+<p>Sanitize can sanitize both HTML fragments and fully qualified documents.</p>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-fragments" class="anchor" href="#fragments"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Fragments</h3>
+
+<p>A fragment is a snippet of HTML that doesn't contain a root-level <code>&lt;html&gt;</code>
+element.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://foo.com/"&gt;foo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;img src="bar.jpg"&gt;'</span>
+
+<span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; 'foo'</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If you don't specify any configuration options, Sanitize will use its strictest
+settings by default, which means it will strip all HTML and leave only safe text
+behind.</p>
+
+<p>To keep certain elements, add them to the element whitelist.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; '&lt;b&gt;foo&lt;/b&gt;'</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-documents" class="anchor" href="#documents"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Documents</h3>
+
+<p>When sanitizing a document, the <code>&lt;html&gt;</code> element must be whitelisted. You can
+also set <code>:allow_doctype</code> to <code>true</code> to allow well-formed document type
+definitions.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sx">%[</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;html&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://foo.com/"&gt;foo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;img src="bar.jpg"&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;/html&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx">]</span>
+
+<span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">document</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:allow_doctype</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="kp">true</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'html'</span><span class="o">]</span>
+<span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; "&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;\n&lt;html&gt;foo\n \n&lt;/html&gt;\n"</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h2>
+<a name="user-content-configuration" class="anchor" href="#configuration"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Configuration</h2>
+
+<p>In addition to the ultra-safe default settings, Sanitize comes with three other
+built-in configurations that you can use out of the box or adapt to meet your
+needs.</p>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-sanitizeconfigrestricted" class="anchor" href="#sanitizeconfigrestricted"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Sanitize::Config::RESTRICTED</h3>
+
+<p>Allows only very simple inline markup. No links, images, or block elements.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">RESTRICTED</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; '&lt;b&gt;foo&lt;/b&gt;'</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-sanitizeconfigbasic" class="anchor" href="#sanitizeconfigbasic"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Sanitize::Config::BASIC</h3>
+
+<p>Allows a variety of markup including formatting elements, links, and lists.</p>
+
+<p>Images and tables are not allowed, links are limited to FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, and
+mailto protocols, and a <code>rel="nofollow"</code> attribute is added to all links to
+mitigate SEO spam.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">BASIC</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; '&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://foo.com/" rel="nofollow"&gt;foo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;'</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-sanitizeconfigrelaxed" class="anchor" href="#sanitizeconfigrelaxed"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Sanitize::Config::RELAXED</h3>
+
+<p>Allows an even wider variety of markup, including images and tables. Links are
+still limited to FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, and mailto protocols, while images are
+limited to HTTP and HTTPS. In this mode, <code>rel="nofollow"</code> is not added to links.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">RELAXED</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; '&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://foo.com/"&gt;foo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;img src="bar.jpg"&gt;'</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-custom-configuration" class="anchor" href="#custom-configuration"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Custom Configuration</h3>
+
+<p>If the built-in modes don't meet your needs, you can easily specify a custom
+configuration:</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'span'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+
+ <span class="ss">:attributes</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'href'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">'span'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="o">]</span>
+ <span class="p">},</span>
+
+ <span class="ss">:protocols</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'href'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'http'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'https'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'mailto'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">}</span>
+ <span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>You can also start with one of Sanitize's built-in configurations and then
+customize it to meet your needs.</p>
+
+<p>The built-in configs are deeply frozen to prevent people from modifying them
+(either accidentally or maliciously). To customize a built-in config, create a
+new copy using <code>Sanitize::Config.merge()</code>, like so:</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="c1"># Create a customized copy of the Basic config, adding &lt;div&gt; and &lt;table&gt; to the</span>
+<span class="c1"># existing whitelisted elements.</span>
+<span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">merge</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">BASIC</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">BASIC</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:elements</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'div'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'table'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:remove_contents</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
+<span class="p">))</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The example above adds the <code>&lt;div&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;table&gt;</code> elements to a copy of the
+existing list of elements in <code>Sanitize::Config::BASIC</code>. If you instead want to
+completely overwrite the elements array with your own, you can omit the <code>+</code>
+operation:</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="c1"># Overwrite :elements instead of creating a copy with new entries.</span>
+<span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">merge</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">BASIC</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'div'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'table'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:remove_contents</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
+<span class="p">))</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-config-settings" class="anchor" href="#config-settings"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Config Settings</h3>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-add_attributes-hash" class="anchor" href="#add_attributes-hash"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:add_attributes (Hash)</h4>
+
+<p>Attributes to add to specific elements. If the attribute already exists, it will
+be replaced with the value specified here. Specify all element names and
+attributes in lowercase.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="ss">:add_attributes</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'rel'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">'nofollow'</span><span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-allow_comments-boolean" class="anchor" href="#allow_comments-boolean"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:allow_comments (boolean)</h4>
+
+<p>Whether or not to allow HTML comments. Allowing comments is strongly
+discouraged, since IE allows script execution within conditional comments. The
+default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-allow_doctype-boolean" class="anchor" href="#allow_doctype-boolean"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:allow_doctype (boolean)</h4>
+
+<p>Whether or not to allow well-formed HTML doctype declarations such as "&lt;!DOCTYPE
+html&gt;" when sanitizing a document. This setting is ignored when sanitizing
+fragments. The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-attributes-hash" class="anchor" href="#attributes-hash"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:attributes (Hash)</h4>
+
+<p>Attributes to allow on specific elements. Specify all element names and
+attributes in lowercase.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="ss">:attributes</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'href'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">'blockquote'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'cite'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">'img'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'alt'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'src'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="o">]</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If you'd like to allow certain attributes on all elements, use the symbol <code>:all</code>
+instead of an element name.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="c1"># Allow the class attribute on all elements.</span>
+<span class="ss">:attributes</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="ss">:all</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'href'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="o">]</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>To allow arbitrary HTML5 <code>data-*</code> attributes, use the symbol <code>:data</code> in place of
+an attribute name.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="c1"># Allow arbitrary HTML5 data-* attributes on &lt;div&gt; elements.</span>
+<span class="ss">:attributes</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'div'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:data</span><span class="o">]</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-elements-array" class="anchor" href="#elements-array"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:elements (Array)</h4>
+
+<p>Array of HTML element names to allow. Specify all names in lowercase. Any
+elements not in this array will be removed.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="sx">%w[</span>
+<span class="sx"> a abbr b blockquote br cite code dd dfn dl dt em i kbd li mark ol p pre</span>
+<span class="sx"> q s samp small strike strong sub sup time u ul var</span>
+<span class="sx">]</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-protocols-hash" class="anchor" href="#protocols-hash"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:protocols (Hash)</h4>
+
+<p>URL protocols to allow in specific attributes. If an attribute is listed here
+and contains a protocol other than those specified (or if it contains no
+protocol at all), it will be removed.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="ss">:protocols</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'href'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'ftp'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'http'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'https'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'mailto'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">},</span>
+ <span class="s1">'img'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'src'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'http'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'https'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If you'd like to allow the use of relative URLs which don't have a protocol,
+include the symbol <code>:relative</code> in the protocol array:</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="ss">:protocols</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'href'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'http'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'https'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:relative</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-remove_contents-boolean-or-array" class="anchor" href="#remove_contents-boolean-or-array"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:remove_contents (boolean or Array)</h4>
+
+<p>If set to <code>true</code>, Sanitize will remove the contents of any non-whitelisted
+elements in addition to the elements themselves. By default, Sanitize leaves the
+safe parts of an element's contents behind when the element is removed.</p>
+
+<p>If set to an array of element names, then only the contents of the specified
+elements (when filtered) will be removed, and the contents of all other filtered
+elements will be left behind.</p>
+
+<p>The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-transformers" class="anchor" href="#transformers"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:transformers</h4>
+
+<p>Custom transformer or array of custom transformers. See the Transformers section
+below for details.</p>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-whitespace_elements-hash" class="anchor" href="#whitespace_elements-hash"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:whitespace_elements (Hash)</h4>
+
+<p>Hash of element names which, when removed, should have their contents surrounded
+by whitespace to preserve readability.</p>
+
+<p>Each element name is a key pointing to another Hash, which provides the specific
+whitespace that should be inserted <code>:before</code> and <code>:after</code> the removed element's
+position. The <code>:after</code> value will only be inserted if the removed element has
+children, in which case it will be inserted after those children.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="ss">:whitespace_elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'br'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">:before</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:after</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">""</span> <span class="p">},</span>
+ <span class="s1">'div'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">:before</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:after</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="p">},</span>
+ <span class="s1">'p'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">:before</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:after</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h2>
+<a name="user-content-transformers-1" class="anchor" href="#transformers-1"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Transformers</h2>
+
+<p>Transformers allow you to filter and modify nodes using your own custom logic,
+on top of (or instead of) Sanitize's core filter. A transformer is any object
+that responds to <code>call()</code> (such as a lambda or proc).</p>
+
+<p>To use one or more transformers, pass them to the <code>:transformers</code> config
+setting. You may pass a single transformer or an array of transformers.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:transformers</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span>
+ <span class="n">transformer_one</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">transformer_two</span>
+<span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-input" class="anchor" href="#input"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Input</h3>
+
+<p>Each transformer's <code>call()</code> method will be called once for each node in the HTML
+(including elements, text nodes, comments, etc.), and will receive as an
+argument a Hash that contains the following items:</p>
+
+<ul class="task-list">
+<li><p><strong>:config</strong> - The current Sanitize configuration Hash.</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>:is_whitelisted</strong> - <code>true</code> if the current node has been whitelisted by a
+previous transformer, <code>false</code> otherwise. It's generally bad form to remove
+a node that a previous transformer has whitelisted.</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>:node</strong> - A <code>Nokogiri::XML::Node</code> object representing an HTML node. The
+node may be an element, a text node, a comment, a CDATA node, or a document
+fragment. Use Nokogiri's inspection methods (<code>element?</code>, <code>text?</code>, etc.) to
+selectively ignore node types you aren't interested in.</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>:node_name</strong> - The name of the current HTML node, always lowercase (e.g.
+"div" or "span"). For non-element nodes, the name will be something like
+"text", "comment", "#cdata-section", "#document-fragment", etc.</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>:node_whitelist</strong> - Set of <code>Nokogiri::XML::Node</code> objects in the current
+document that have been whitelisted by previous transformers, if any. It's
+generally bad form to remove a node that a previous transformer has
+whitelisted.</p></li>
+</ul><h3>
+<a name="user-content-output" class="anchor" href="#output"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Output</h3>
+
+<p>A transformer doesn't have to return anything, but may optionally return a Hash,
+which may contain the following items:</p>
+
+<ul class="task-list">
+<li>
+<strong>:node_whitelist</strong> - Array or Set of specific Nokogiri::XML::Node objects
+to add to the document's whitelist, bypassing the current Sanitize config.
+These specific nodes and all their attributes will be whitelisted, but
+their children will not be.</li>
+</ul><p>If a transformer returns anything other than a Hash, the return value will be
+ignored.</p>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-processing" class="anchor" href="#processing"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Processing</h3>
+
+<p>Each transformer has full access to the <code>Nokogiri::XML::Node</code> that's passed into
+it and to the rest of the document via the node's <code>document()</code> method. Any
+changes made to the current node or to the document will be reflected instantly
+in the document and passed on to subsequently called transformers and to
+Sanitize itself. A transformer may even call Sanitize internally to perform
+custom sanitization if needed.</p>
+
+<p>Nodes are passed into transformers in the order in which they're traversed.
+Sanitize performs top-down traversal, meaning that nodes are traversed in the
+same order you'd read them in the HTML, starting at the top node, then its first
+child, and so on.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sx">%[</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;header&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;span&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;strong&gt;foo&lt;/strong&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;/span&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;p&gt;bar&lt;/p&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;/header&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="sx"> &lt;footer&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx">]</span>
+
+<span class="n">transformer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">lambda</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">|</span>
+ <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:node_name</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:node</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">element?</span>
+<span class="k">end</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Prints "header", "span", "strong", "p", "footer".</span>
+<span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:transformers</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">transformer</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Transformers have a tremendous amount of power, including the power to
+completely bypass Sanitize's built-in filtering. Be careful! Your safety is in
+your own hands.</p>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-example-transformer-to-whitelist-youtube-video-embeds" class="anchor" href="#example-transformer-to-whitelist-youtube-video-embeds"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Example: Transformer to whitelist YouTube video embeds</h3>
+
+<p>The following example demonstrates how to create a transformer that will safely
+whitelist valid YouTube video embeds without having to blindly allow other kinds
+of embedded content, which would be the case if you tried to do this by just
+whitelisting all <code>&lt;iframe&gt;</code> elements:</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="n">youtube_transformer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">lambda</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">|</span>
+ <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:node</span><span class="o">]</span>
+ <span class="n">node_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:node_name</span><span class="o">]</span>
+
+ <span class="c1"># Don't continue if this node is already whitelisted or is not an element.</span>
+ <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:is_whitelisted</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">element?</span>
+
+ <span class="c1"># Don't continue unless the node is an iframe.</span>
+ <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">unless</span> <span class="n">node_name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'iframe'</span>
+
+ <span class="c1"># Verify that the video URL is actually a valid YouTube video URL.</span>
+ <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">unless</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'src'</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=~</span> <span class="sr">%r|\A(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/|</span>
+
+ <span class="c1"># We're now certain that this is a YouTube embed, but we still need to run</span>
+ <span class="c1"># it through a special Sanitize step to ensure that no unwanted elements or</span>
+ <span class="c1"># attributes that don't belong in a YouTube embed can sneak in.</span>
+ <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">node!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="sx">%w[iframe]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+
+ <span class="ss">:attributes</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'iframe'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="sx">%w[allowfullscreen frameborder height src width]</span>
+ <span class="p">}</span>
+ <span class="p">})</span>
+
+ <span class="c1"># Now that we're sure that this is a valid YouTube embed and that there are</span>
+ <span class="c1"># no unwanted elements or attributes hidden inside it, we can tell Sanitize</span>
+ <span class="c1"># to whitelist the current node.</span>
+ <span class="p">{</span><span class="ss">:node_whitelist</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="k">end</span>
+
+<span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sx">%[</span>
+<span class="sx">&lt;iframe width="420" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/dQw4w9WgXcQ"</span>
+<span class="sx"> frameborder="0" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx">]</span>
+
+<span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:transformers</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">youtube_transformer</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; '&lt;iframe width="420" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/dQw4w9WgXcQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;'</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h2>
+<a name="user-content-license" class="anchor" href="#license"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>License</h2>
+
+<p>Copyright (c) 2014 Ryan Grove (<a href="mailto:ryan@wonko.com">ryan@wonko.com</a>)</p>
+
+<p>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:</p>
+
+<p>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.</p>
+
+<p>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</p></article>
+ </div>
+
+
+ </div>
+
+ </div><!-- /.repo-container -->
+ <div class="modal-backdrop"></div>
+ </div><!-- /.container -->
+ </div><!-- /.site -->
+
+
+ </div><!-- /.wrapper -->
+
+ <div class="container">
+ <div class="site-footer">
+ <ul class="site-footer-links right">
+ <li><a href="https://status.github.com/">Status</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://developer.github.com">API</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://training.github.com">Training</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://shop.github.com">Shop</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/blog">Blog</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
+
+ </ul>
+
+ <a href="/">
+ <span class="mega-octicon octicon-mark-github" title="GitHub"></span>
+ </a>
+
+ <ul class="site-footer-links">
+ <li>&copy; 2014 <span title="0.08040s from github-fe124-cp1-prd.iad.github.net">GitHub</span>, Inc.</li>
+ <li><a href="/site/terms">Terms</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/site/privacy">Privacy</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/security">Security</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/contact">Contact</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </div><!-- /.site-footer -->
+</div><!-- /.container -->
+
+
+ <div class="fullscreen-overlay js-fullscreen-overlay" id="fullscreen_overlay">
+ <div class="fullscreen-container js-fullscreen-container">
+ <div class="textarea-wrap">
+ <textarea name="fullscreen-contents" id="fullscreen-contents" class="fullscreen-contents js-fullscreen-contents" placeholder="" data-suggester="fullscreen_suggester"></textarea>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="fullscreen-sidebar">
+ <a href="#" class="exit-fullscreen js-exit-fullscreen tooltipped tooltipped-w" aria-label="Exit Zen Mode">
+ <span class="mega-octicon octicon-screen-normal"></span>
+ </a>
+ <a href="#" class="theme-switcher js-theme-switcher tooltipped tooltipped-w"
+ aria-label="Switch themes">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-color-mode"></span>
+ </a>
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+ <div id="ajax-error-message" class="flash flash-error">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-alert"></span>
+ <a href="#" class="octicon octicon-remove-close close js-ajax-error-dismiss"></a>
+ Something went wrong with that request. Please try again.
+ </div>
+
+
+ <script crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/assets/frameworks-9027ad6a9d00434697fea4d0143670c6fb7b2471.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
+ <script async="async" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://assets-cdn.github.com/assets/github-cb8ceb101dbfeeab8bc4a2ee07ea2e5bdd668289.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
+
+
+ </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/document-small.html b/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/document-small.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae18afb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/document-small.html
@@ -0,0 +1,636 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML>
+<html>
+ <head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
+ <meta name="google-site-verification" content="jD7G7Ednk6nQ8Mw-UPZ2OwvTGyQ_WIn_DqFb87RjA70" />
+ <title>Nokogiri</title>
+ <link href="/stylesheets/blueprint/screen.css?1347888101" media="screen, projector" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
+ <link href="/stylesheets/application.css?1347888101" media="screen, projector" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
+ <link href="/stylesheets/shCore.css?1347888101" media="screen, projector" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
+ <link href="/stylesheets/shThemeDefault.css?1347888101" media="screen, projector" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
+ <link href="/stylesheets/blueprint/print.css?1347888101" media="print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
+ <script src="/javascripts/prototype.js?1347888101" type="text/javascript"></script>
+ <script src="/javascripts/scriptaculous.js?1347888101" type="text/javascript"></script>
+ <script src="/javascripts/lowpro.js?1347888101" type="text/javascript"></script>
+ <script src="/javascripts/behaviors.js?1347888101" type="text/javascript"></script>
+ <!--[if lt IE 8]>
+ <link href="/stylesheets/blueprint/ie.css?1347888101" media="screen, projector" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
+ <script src="/javascripts/html5.js?1347888101" type="text/javascript"></script>
+ <![endif]-->
+ <script src="/javascripts/shCore.js?1347888101" type="text/javascript"></script>
+ <script src="/javascripts/shBrushRuby.js?1347888101" type="text/javascript"></script>
+ <script src="/javascripts/shBrushCpp.js?1347888101" type="text/javascript"></script>
+ <script src="/javascripts/shBrushXml.js?1347888101" type="text/javascript"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ SyntaxHighlighter.all();
+ </script>
+ </head>
+
+ <body class="container">
+ <div class="column span-24">
+
+ <header>
+ <form action="/search" class="column span-12" id="site_search" method="get">
+ <input class="ghosted" data-ghost="Search Site" id="q" name="q" type="text" value="Search Site" />
+ <button>Search</button>
+ </form>
+
+
+ <dl id="urls" class="column span-12 last">
+ <dt>Install</dt>
+ <dd>sudo gem install nokogiri</dd>
+
+ <dt>Contribute</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri">github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri</a></dd>
+ </dl><!-- #urls -->
+
+ <h2 class="alt">An <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>, <abbr title="eXtensible Markup Language">XML</abbr>, <abbr title="Simple API for XML">SAX</abbr>, <abbr class="alt">&amp;</abbr> Reader parser with the ability to search documents via <abbr title="XML Path Language">XPath</abbr> or <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS3</abbr> selectors&hellip; and much more</h2>
+
+ <h1>
+ <a href="/">
+ <abbr title="Japanese for 'handsaw'">
+ <span class="english">Nokogi<span class="ri">ri</span></span>
+ <span class="japanese">鋸</span>
+ </abbr>
+ </a>
+ </h1>
+
+ <nav>
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html" title="Installing Nokogiri">Installation</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/tutorials" title="Examples of How to Use Nokogiri">Tutorials</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/tutorials/getting_help.html" title="Getting Help and Reporting Issues">Getting Help</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </nav>
+ </header>
+
+
+ <div id="sidebar" class="column span-8">
+ <nav class="classes section">
+ <h4>Files</h4>
+ <span class="toggle_list">
+ <a href="#" data-toggle="files_nav">
+ Hide
+ </a>
+ </span>
+
+ <div id="files_nav">
+ <ul id="files_nav">
+
+ <li><a href="/C_CODING_STYLE_rdoc.html">C_CODING_STYLE.rdoc</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="/CHANGELOG_ja_rdoc.html">CHANGELOG.ja.rdoc</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="/CHANGELOG_rdoc.html">CHANGELOG.rdoc</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="/Manifest_txt.html">Manifest.txt</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="/README_ja_rdoc.html">README.ja.rdoc</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="/README_rdoc.html">README.rdoc</a></li>
+
+ </ul>
+ </div>
+ </nav>
+ <nav class="classes section">
+ <h4>Classes</h4>
+ <span class="toggle_list">
+ <a href="#" data-toggle="class_nav">
+ Hide
+ </a>
+ </span>
+
+ <div id="class_nav">
+ <form id="filter_classes">
+ <input class="ghosted" data-ghost="Filter Classes" id="filter_classes_q" name="filter_classes_q" type="text" value="Filter Classes" />
+ </form>
+
+ <ul id='classlist'>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri.html">Nokogiri</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::CSS">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/CSS.html">Nokogiri::CSS</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::CSS::Node">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/CSS/Node.html">Nokogiri::CSS::Node</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::CSS::Parser">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/CSS/Parser.html">Nokogiri::CSS::Parser</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::CSS::SyntaxError">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/CSS/SyntaxError.html">Nokogiri::CSS::SyntaxError</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::CSS::Tokenizer">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/CSS/Tokenizer.html">Nokogiri::CSS::Tokenizer</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::CSS::Tokenizer::ScanError">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/CSS/Tokenizer/ScanError.html">Nokogiri::CSS::Tokenizer::ScanError</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::Decorators">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/Decorators.html">Nokogiri::Decorators</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::Decorators::Slop">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/Decorators/Slop.html">Nokogiri::Decorators::Slop</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::EncodingHandler">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/EncodingHandler.html">Nokogiri::EncodingHandler</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML.html">Nokogiri::HTML</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML::Builder">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML/Builder.html">Nokogiri::HTML::Builder</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML::Document">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML/Document.html">Nokogiri::HTML::Document</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML::Document::EncodingReader">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML/Document/EncodingReader.html">Nokogiri::HTML::Document::EncodingReader</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML::Document::EncodingReader::JumpSAXHandler">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML/Document/EncodingReader/JumpSAXHandler.html">Nokogiri::HTML::Document::EncodingReader::JumpSAXHandler</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML::DocumentFragment">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML/DocumentFragment.html">Nokogiri::HTML::DocumentFragment</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML::ElementDescription">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML/ElementDescription.html">Nokogiri::HTML::ElementDescription</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML::EntityDescription">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML/EntityDescription.html">Nokogiri::HTML::EntityDescription</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML::EntityLookup">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML/EntityLookup.html">Nokogiri::HTML::EntityLookup</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML::SAX">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML/SAX.html">Nokogiri::HTML::SAX</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML::SAX::Parser">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML/SAX/Parser.html">Nokogiri::HTML::SAX::Parser</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML::SAX::ParserContext">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML/SAX/ParserContext.html">Nokogiri::HTML::SAX::ParserContext</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::HTML::SAX::PushParser">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/HTML/SAX/PushParser.html">Nokogiri::HTML::SAX::PushParser</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::SyntaxError">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/SyntaxError.html">Nokogiri::SyntaxError</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML.html">Nokogiri::XML</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::Attr">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/Attr.html">Nokogiri::XML::Attr</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::AttributeDecl">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/AttributeDecl.html">Nokogiri::XML::AttributeDecl</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::Builder">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/Builder.html">Nokogiri::XML::Builder</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::CDATA">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/CDATA.html">Nokogiri::XML::CDATA</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::CharacterData">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/CharacterData.html">Nokogiri::XML::CharacterData</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::Comment">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/Comment.html">Nokogiri::XML::Comment</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::DTD">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/DTD.html">Nokogiri::XML::DTD</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::Document">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/Document.html">Nokogiri::XML::Document</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::DocumentFragment">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/DocumentFragment.html">Nokogiri::XML::DocumentFragment</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::Element">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/Element.html">Nokogiri::XML::Element</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::ElementContent">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/ElementContent.html">Nokogiri::XML::ElementContent</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::ElementDecl">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/ElementDecl.html">Nokogiri::XML::ElementDecl</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::EntityDecl">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/EntityDecl.html">Nokogiri::XML::EntityDecl</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::EntityReference">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/EntityReference.html">Nokogiri::XML::EntityReference</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::Namespace">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/Namespace.html">Nokogiri::XML::Namespace</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::Node">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/Node.html">Nokogiri::XML::Node</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::Node::SaveOptions">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/Node/SaveOptions.html">Nokogiri::XML::Node::SaveOptions</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/NodeSet.html">Nokogiri::XML::NodeSet</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::Notation">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/Notation.html">Nokogiri::XML::Notation</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::PP">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/PP.html">Nokogiri::XML::PP</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::PP::CharacterData">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/PP/CharacterData.html">Nokogiri::XML::PP::CharacterData</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::PP::Node">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/PP/Node.html">Nokogiri::XML::PP::Node</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/ParseOptions.html">Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::ProcessingInstruction">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/ProcessingInstruction.html">Nokogiri::XML::ProcessingInstruction</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::Reader">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/Reader.html">Nokogiri::XML::Reader</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::RelaxNG">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/RelaxNG.html">Nokogiri::XML::RelaxNG</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::SAX">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/SAX.html">Nokogiri::XML::SAX</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::SAX::Document">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/SAX/Document.html">Nokogiri::XML::SAX::Document</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::SAX::Parser">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/SAX/Parser.html">Nokogiri::XML::SAX::Parser</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::SAX::Parser::Attribute">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/SAX/Parser/Attribute.html">Nokogiri::XML::SAX::Parser::Attribute</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::SAX::ParserContext">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/SAX/ParserContext.html">Nokogiri::XML::SAX::ParserContext</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::SAX::PushParser">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/SAX/PushParser.html">Nokogiri::XML::SAX::PushParser</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::Schema">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/Schema.html">Nokogiri::XML::Schema</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::SyntaxError">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/SyntaxError.html">Nokogiri::XML::SyntaxError</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::Text">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/Text.html">Nokogiri::XML::Text</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::XPath">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/XPath.html">Nokogiri::XML::XPath</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::XPath::SyntaxError">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/XPath/SyntaxError.html">Nokogiri::XML::XPath::SyntaxError</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XML::XPathContext">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XML/XPathContext.html">Nokogiri::XML::XPathContext</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XSLT">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XSLT.html">Nokogiri::XSLT</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Nokogiri::XSLT::Stylesheet">
+ <a href="/Nokogiri/XSLT/Stylesheet.html">Nokogiri::XSLT::Stylesheet</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="Object">
+ <a href="/Object.html">Object</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="XSD">
+ <a href="/XSD.html">XSD</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="XSD::XMLParser">
+ <a href="/XSD/XMLParser.html">XSD::XMLParser</a>
+ </li>
+
+ <li data-name="XSD::XMLParser::Nokogiri">
+ <a href="/XSD/XMLParser/Nokogiri.html">XSD::XMLParser::Nokogiri</a>
+ </li>
+
+ </ul>
+
+ <p id="noclassmatch" class="no_results error" style="display: none;">
+ No results found. Sorry.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+ </nav>
+
+
+ </div><!-- #sidebar -->
+
+ <article class="column span-15 prepend-1 last">
+<header>
+ <h3>
+ <span class="class">
+ README.rdoc
+ </span>
+ </h3>
+</header>
+
+
+ <section id="description" class="alt">
+ <h1><a href="Nokogiri.html">Nokogiri</a> <a href="http://travis-ci.org/sparklemotion/nokogiri"><img src="https://secure.travis-ci.org/sparklemotion/nokogiri.png?rvm=1.9.3" /></a> <a href="https://codeclimate.com/github/sparklemotion/nokogiri"><img src="https://codeclimate.com/badge.png" /></a></h1>
+<ul><li>
+<p><a href="http://nokogiri.org">nokogiri.org</a></p>
+</li><li>
+<p><a
+href="http://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/wikis">github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/wikis</a></p>
+</li><li>
+<p><a
+href="http://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/tree/master">github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/tree/master</a></p>
+</li><li>
+<p><a
+href="http://groups.google.com/group/nokogiri-talk">groups.google.com/group/nokogiri-talk</a></p>
+</li><li>
+<p><a
+href="http://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues">github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues</a></p>
+</li></ul>
+
+<h2>DESCRIPTION:</h2>
+
+<p><a href="Nokogiri.html">Nokogiri</a> (鋸) is an HTML, XML, SAX, and Reader
+parser. Among Nokogiri’s many features is the ability to search documents
+via XPath or CSS3 selectors.</p>
+
+<p>XML is like violence - if it doesn’t solve your problems, you are not using
+enough of it.</p>
+
+<h2>FEATURES:</h2>
+<ul><li>
+<p>XPath support for document searching</p>
+</li><li>
+<p>CSS3 selector support for document searching</p>
+</li><li>
+<p>XML/HTML builder</p>
+</li></ul>
+
+<p><a href="Nokogiri.html">Nokogiri</a> parses and searches XML/HTML very
+quickly, and also has correctly implemented CSS3 selector support as well
+as XPath support.</p>
+
+<h2>SUPPORT:</h2>
+
+<p>Before filing a bug report, please read our <a
+href="http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/getting_help.html">submission
+guidelines</a> at:</p>
+
+<pre>* http://nokogiri.org/tutorials/getting_help.html</pre>
+
+<p>The <a href="Nokogiri.html">Nokogiri</a> <a
+href="http://groups.google.com/group/nokogiri-talk">mailing list</a> is
+available here:</p>
+
+<pre>* http://groups.google.com/group/nokogiri-talk</pre>
+
+<p>The <a href="http://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues">bug
+tracker</a> is available here:</p>
+
+<pre>* http://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/issues</pre>
+
+<p>The IRC channel is #nokogiri on freenode.</p>
+
+<h2>SYNOPSIS:</h2>
+
+<pre>require 'nokogiri'
+require 'open-uri'
+
+# Get a Nokogiri::HTML::Document for the page we’re interested in...
+
+doc = Nokogiri::HTML(open('http://www.google.com/search?q=sparklemotion'))
+
+# Do funky things with it using Nokogiri::XML::Node methods...
+
+####
+# Search for nodes by css
+doc.css('h3.r a').each do |link|
+puts link.content
+end
+
+####
+# Search for nodes by xpath
+doc.xpath('//h3/a').each do |link|
+puts link.content
+end
+
+####
+# Or mix and match.
+doc.search('h3.r a.l', '//h3/a').each do |link|
+puts link.content
+end</pre>
+
+<h2>REQUIREMENTS:</h2>
+<ul><li>
+<p>ruby 1.8 or 1.9</p>
+</li><li>
+<p>libxml2</p>
+</li><li>
+<p>libxml2-dev</p>
+</li><li>
+<p>libxslt</p>
+</li><li>
+<p>libxslt-dev</p>
+</li></ul>
+
+<h2>ENCODING:</h2>
+
+<p>Strings are always stored as UTF-8 internally. Methods that return text
+values will always return UTF-8 encoded strings. Methods that return XML
+(like to_xml, to_html and inner_html) will return a string encoded like the
+source document.</p>
+
+<p><b>WARNING</b></p>
+
+<p>Some documents declare one particular encoding, but use a different one.
+So, which encoding should the parser choose?</p>
+
+<p>Remember that data is just a stream of bytes. Only we humans add meaning to
+that stream. Any particular set of bytes could be valid characters in
+multiple encodings, so detecting encoding with 100% accuracy is not
+possible. libxml2 does its best, but it can’t be right 100% of the time.</p>
+
+<p>If you want <a href="Nokogiri.html">Nokogiri</a> to handle the document
+encoding properly, your best bet is to explicitly set the encoding. Here
+is an example of explicitly setting the encoding to EUC-JP on the parser:</p>
+
+<pre>doc = Nokogiri.XML('&lt;foo&gt;&lt;bar /&gt;&lt;foo&gt;', nil, 'EUC-JP')</pre>
+
+<h2>INSTALL:</h2>
+<ul><li>
+<p>sudo gem install nokogiri</p>
+</li></ul>
+
+<h3>Binary packages</h3>
+
+<p>Binary packages are available for:</p>
+<ul><li>
+<p><a
+href="http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/ruby:/extensions/">SuSE</a></p>
+</li><li>
+<p><a
+href="http://s390.koji.fedoraproject.org/koji/packageinfo?packageID=6756">Fedora</a></p>
+</li></ul>
+
+<h2>DEVELOPMENT:</h2>
+
+<h3>Developing on C Ruby (MRI)</h3>
+
+<p>Developing <a href="Nokogiri.html">Nokogiri</a> requires racc and rexical
+to generate the parser and tokenizer. To start development, make sure you
+have `libxml2` and `libxslt` installed.</p>
+
+<p>Then install hoe and rake-compiler:</p>
+
+<pre>$ gem install hoe rake-compiler racc rexical minitest</pre>
+
+<p>Then run rake:</p>
+
+<pre>$ rake</pre>
+
+<h3>Developing on JRuby</h3>
+
+<p>Currently, development with JRuby depends on CRuby being installed. With
+CRuby, install racc and rexical:</p>
+
+<pre>$ gem install racc rexical</pre>
+
+<p>Make sure hoe and rake compiler are installed with JRuby:</p>
+
+<pre>$ jgem install hoe rake-compiler</pre>
+
+<p>Then run rake:</p>
+
+<pre>$ jruby -S rake</pre>
+
+<h2>LICENSE:</h2>
+
+<p>(The MIT License)</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2008 - 2012:</p>
+<ul><li>
+<p><a href="http://tenderlovemaking.com">Aaron Patterson</a></p>
+</li><li>
+<p><a href="http://mike.daless.io">Mike Dalessio</a></p>
+</li><li>
+<p><a href="http://blog.headius.com">Charles Nutter</a></p>
+</li><li>
+<p><a href="http://www.serabe.com">Sergio Arbeo</a></p>
+</li><li>
+<p><a href="http://polycrystal.org">Patrick Mahoney</a></p>
+</li><li>
+<p><a href="http://yokolet.blogspot.com">Yoko Harada</a></p>
+</li></ul>
+
+<p>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the ‘Software’),
+to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:</p>
+
+<p>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.</p>
+
+<p>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ‘AS IS’, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</p>
+ </section>
+
+
+ </article>
+
+ <footer class="column span-24">
+ <p class="alt"><abbr title="eXtensible Markup Language">XML</abbr> is like violence &mdash; if it doesn’t solve your problems, you are not using enough of it</p>
+ </footer>
+
+ </div><!-- .container -->
+ </body>
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
+ document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ try {
+ var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-1260604-8");
+ pageTracker._trackPageview();
+ } catch(err) {}</script>
+</html>
diff --git a/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/fragment-large.html b/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/fragment-large.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8260edc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/fragment-large.html
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+ <div id="readme" class="clearfix announce instapaper_body md">
+ <span class="name">
+ <span class="octicon octicon-book"></span>
+ README.md
+ </span>
+
+ <article class="markdown-body entry-content" itemprop="mainContentOfPage"><h1>
+<a name="user-content-sanitize" class="anchor" href="#sanitize"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Sanitize</h1>
+
+<p>Sanitize is a whitelist-based HTML sanitizer. Given a list of acceptable
+elements and attributes, Sanitize will remove all unacceptable HTML from a
+string.</p>
+
+<p>Using a simple configuration syntax, you can tell Sanitize to allow certain
+elements, certain attributes within those elements, and even certain URL
+protocols within attributes that contain URLs. Any HTML elements or attributes
+that you don't explicitly allow will be removed.</p>
+
+<p>Sanitize is based on <a href="https://github.com/google/gumbo-parser">Google's Gumbo HTML5 parser</a>, which parses HTML
+exactly the same way modern browsers do. As long as your whitelist config only
+allows safe markup, even the most malformed or malicious input will be
+transformed into safe output.</p>
+
+<p><a href="https://travis-ci.org/rgrove/sanitize"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8cbb6b37206c06dca9aad142aeabdb2db8a5614b/68747470733a2f2f7472617669732d63692e6f72672f7267726f76652f73616e6974697a652e7376673f6272616e63683d6d6173746572" alt="Build Status" data-canonical-src="https://travis-ci.org/rgrove/sanitize.svg?branch=master" style="max-width:100%;"></a>
+<a href="http://badge.fury.io/rb/sanitize"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f74d6ba1eba40a388a496b343275302bdb4260d5/68747470733a2f2f62616467652e667572792e696f2f72622f73616e6974697a652e737667" alt="Gem Version" data-canonical-src="https://badge.fury.io/rb/sanitize.svg" style="max-width:100%;"></a></p>
+
+<h2>
+<a name="user-content-links" class="anchor" href="#links"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Links</h2>
+
+<ul class="task-list">
+<li><a href="https://github.com/rgrove/sanitize/">Home</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://rubydoc.info/github/rgrove/sanitize/master">API Docs</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/rgrove/sanitize/issues">Issues</a></li>
+</ul><h2>
+<a name="user-content-installation" class="anchor" href="#installation"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Installation</h2>
+
+<pre><code>gem install sanitize
+</code></pre>
+
+<h2>
+<a name="user-content-usage" class="anchor" href="#usage"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Usage</h2>
+
+<p>Sanitize can sanitize both HTML fragments and fully qualified documents.</p>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-fragments" class="anchor" href="#fragments"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Fragments</h3>
+
+<p>A fragment is a snippet of HTML that doesn't contain a root-level <code>&lt;html&gt;</code>
+element.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://foo.com/"&gt;foo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;img src="bar.jpg"&gt;'</span>
+
+<span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; 'foo'</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If you don't specify any configuration options, Sanitize will use its strictest
+settings by default, which means it will strip all HTML and leave only safe text
+behind.</p>
+
+<p>To keep certain elements, add them to the element whitelist.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; '&lt;b&gt;foo&lt;/b&gt;'</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-documents" class="anchor" href="#documents"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Documents</h3>
+
+<p>When sanitizing a document, the <code>&lt;html&gt;</code> element must be whitelisted. You can
+also set <code>:allow_doctype</code> to <code>true</code> to allow well-formed document type
+definitions.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sx">%[</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;html&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://foo.com/"&gt;foo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;img src="bar.jpg"&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;/html&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx">]</span>
+
+<span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">document</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:allow_doctype</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="kp">true</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'html'</span><span class="o">]</span>
+<span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; "&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;\n&lt;html&gt;foo\n \n&lt;/html&gt;\n"</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h2>
+<a name="user-content-configuration" class="anchor" href="#configuration"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Configuration</h2>
+
+<p>In addition to the ultra-safe default settings, Sanitize comes with three other
+built-in configurations that you can use out of the box or adapt to meet your
+needs.</p>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-sanitizeconfigrestricted" class="anchor" href="#sanitizeconfigrestricted"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Sanitize::Config::RESTRICTED</h3>
+
+<p>Allows only very simple inline markup. No links, images, or block elements.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">RESTRICTED</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; '&lt;b&gt;foo&lt;/b&gt;'</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-sanitizeconfigbasic" class="anchor" href="#sanitizeconfigbasic"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Sanitize::Config::BASIC</h3>
+
+<p>Allows a variety of markup including formatting elements, links, and lists.</p>
+
+<p>Images and tables are not allowed, links are limited to FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, and
+mailto protocols, and a <code>rel="nofollow"</code> attribute is added to all links to
+mitigate SEO spam.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">BASIC</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; '&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://foo.com/" rel="nofollow"&gt;foo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;'</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-sanitizeconfigrelaxed" class="anchor" href="#sanitizeconfigrelaxed"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Sanitize::Config::RELAXED</h3>
+
+<p>Allows an even wider variety of markup, including images and tables. Links are
+still limited to FTP, HTTP, HTTPS, and mailto protocols, while images are
+limited to HTTP and HTTPS. In this mode, <code>rel="nofollow"</code> is not added to links.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">RELAXED</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; '&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://foo.com/"&gt;foo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;img src="bar.jpg"&gt;'</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-custom-configuration" class="anchor" href="#custom-configuration"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Custom Configuration</h3>
+
+<p>If the built-in modes don't meet your needs, you can easily specify a custom
+configuration:</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'span'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+
+ <span class="ss">:attributes</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'href'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">'span'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="o">]</span>
+ <span class="p">},</span>
+
+ <span class="ss">:protocols</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'href'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'http'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'https'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'mailto'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">}</span>
+ <span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>You can also start with one of Sanitize's built-in configurations and then
+customize it to meet your needs.</p>
+
+<p>The built-in configs are deeply frozen to prevent people from modifying them
+(either accidentally or maliciously). To customize a built-in config, create a
+new copy using <code>Sanitize::Config.merge()</code>, like so:</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="c1"># Create a customized copy of the Basic config, adding &lt;div&gt; and &lt;table&gt; to the</span>
+<span class="c1"># existing whitelisted elements.</span>
+<span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">merge</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">BASIC</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">BASIC</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:elements</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'div'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'table'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:remove_contents</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
+<span class="p">))</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>The example above adds the <code>&lt;div&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;table&gt;</code> elements to a copy of the
+existing list of elements in <code>Sanitize::Config::BASIC</code>. If you instead want to
+completely overwrite the elements array with your own, you can omit the <code>+</code>
+operation:</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="c1"># Overwrite :elements instead of creating a copy with new entries.</span>
+<span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">merge</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">Config</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="no">BASIC</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'div'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'table'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="ss">:remove_contents</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="kp">true</span>
+<span class="p">))</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-config-settings" class="anchor" href="#config-settings"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Config Settings</h3>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-add_attributes-hash" class="anchor" href="#add_attributes-hash"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:add_attributes (Hash)</h4>
+
+<p>Attributes to add to specific elements. If the attribute already exists, it will
+be replaced with the value specified here. Specify all element names and
+attributes in lowercase.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="ss">:add_attributes</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'rel'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">'nofollow'</span><span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-allow_comments-boolean" class="anchor" href="#allow_comments-boolean"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:allow_comments (boolean)</h4>
+
+<p>Whether or not to allow HTML comments. Allowing comments is strongly
+discouraged, since IE allows script execution within conditional comments. The
+default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-allow_doctype-boolean" class="anchor" href="#allow_doctype-boolean"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:allow_doctype (boolean)</h4>
+
+<p>Whether or not to allow well-formed HTML doctype declarations such as "&lt;!DOCTYPE
+html&gt;" when sanitizing a document. This setting is ignored when sanitizing
+fragments. The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-attributes-hash" class="anchor" href="#attributes-hash"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:attributes (Hash)</h4>
+
+<p>Attributes to allow on specific elements. Specify all element names and
+attributes in lowercase.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="ss">:attributes</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'href'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">'blockquote'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'cite'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">'img'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'alt'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'src'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="o">]</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If you'd like to allow certain attributes on all elements, use the symbol <code>:all</code>
+instead of an element name.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="c1"># Allow the class attribute on all elements.</span>
+<span class="ss">:attributes</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="ss">:all</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'class'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'href'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="o">]</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>To allow arbitrary HTML5 <code>data-*</code> attributes, use the symbol <code>:data</code> in place of
+an attribute name.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="c1"># Allow arbitrary HTML5 data-* attributes on &lt;div&gt; elements.</span>
+<span class="ss">:attributes</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'div'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:data</span><span class="o">]</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-elements-array" class="anchor" href="#elements-array"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:elements (Array)</h4>
+
+<p>Array of HTML element names to allow. Specify all names in lowercase. Any
+elements not in this array will be removed.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="sx">%w[</span>
+<span class="sx"> a abbr b blockquote br cite code dd dfn dl dt em i kbd li mark ol p pre</span>
+<span class="sx"> q s samp small strike strong sub sup time u ul var</span>
+<span class="sx">]</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-protocols-hash" class="anchor" href="#protocols-hash"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:protocols (Hash)</h4>
+
+<p>URL protocols to allow in specific attributes. If an attribute is listed here
+and contains a protocol other than those specified (or if it contains no
+protocol at all), it will be removed.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="ss">:protocols</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'href'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'ftp'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'http'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'https'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'mailto'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">},</span>
+ <span class="s1">'img'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'src'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'http'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'https'</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>If you'd like to allow the use of relative URLs which don't have a protocol,
+include the symbol <code>:relative</code> in the protocol array:</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="ss">:protocols</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'href'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'http'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'https'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:relative</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-remove_contents-boolean-or-array" class="anchor" href="#remove_contents-boolean-or-array"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:remove_contents (boolean or Array)</h4>
+
+<p>If set to <code>true</code>, Sanitize will remove the contents of any non-whitelisted
+elements in addition to the elements themselves. By default, Sanitize leaves the
+safe parts of an element's contents behind when the element is removed.</p>
+
+<p>If set to an array of element names, then only the contents of the specified
+elements (when filtered) will be removed, and the contents of all other filtered
+elements will be left behind.</p>
+
+<p>The default value is <code>false</code>.</p>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-transformers" class="anchor" href="#transformers"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:transformers</h4>
+
+<p>Custom transformer or array of custom transformers. See the Transformers section
+below for details.</p>
+
+<h4>
+<a name="user-content-whitespace_elements-hash" class="anchor" href="#whitespace_elements-hash"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>:whitespace_elements (Hash)</h4>
+
+<p>Hash of element names which, when removed, should have their contents surrounded
+by whitespace to preserve readability.</p>
+
+<p>Each element name is a key pointing to another Hash, which provides the specific
+whitespace that should be inserted <code>:before</code> and <code>:after</code> the removed element's
+position. The <code>:after</code> value will only be inserted if the removed element has
+children, in which case it will be inserted after those children.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="ss">:whitespace_elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'br'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">:before</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:after</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">""</span> <span class="p">},</span>
+ <span class="s1">'div'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">:before</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:after</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="p">},</span>
+ <span class="s1">'p'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span> <span class="ss">:before</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:after</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h2>
+<a name="user-content-transformers-1" class="anchor" href="#transformers-1"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Transformers</h2>
+
+<p>Transformers allow you to filter and modify nodes using your own custom logic,
+on top of (or instead of) Sanitize's core filter. A transformer is any object
+that responds to <code>call()</code> (such as a lambda or proc).</p>
+
+<p>To use one or more transformers, pass them to the <code>:transformers</code> config
+setting. You may pass a single transformer or an array of transformers.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:transformers</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span>
+ <span class="n">transformer_one</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="n">transformer_two</span>
+<span class="o">]</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-input" class="anchor" href="#input"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Input</h3>
+
+<p>Each transformer's <code>call()</code> method will be called once for each node in the HTML
+(including elements, text nodes, comments, etc.), and will receive as an
+argument a Hash that contains the following items:</p>
+
+<ul class="task-list">
+<li><p><strong>:config</strong> - The current Sanitize configuration Hash.</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>:is_whitelisted</strong> - <code>true</code> if the current node has been whitelisted by a
+previous transformer, <code>false</code> otherwise. It's generally bad form to remove
+a node that a previous transformer has whitelisted.</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>:node</strong> - A <code>Nokogiri::XML::Node</code> object representing an HTML node. The
+node may be an element, a text node, a comment, a CDATA node, or a document
+fragment. Use Nokogiri's inspection methods (<code>element?</code>, <code>text?</code>, etc.) to
+selectively ignore node types you aren't interested in.</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>:node_name</strong> - The name of the current HTML node, always lowercase (e.g.
+"div" or "span"). For non-element nodes, the name will be something like
+"text", "comment", "#cdata-section", "#document-fragment", etc.</p></li>
+<li><p><strong>:node_whitelist</strong> - Set of <code>Nokogiri::XML::Node</code> objects in the current
+document that have been whitelisted by previous transformers, if any. It's
+generally bad form to remove a node that a previous transformer has
+whitelisted.</p></li>
+</ul><h3>
+<a name="user-content-output" class="anchor" href="#output"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Output</h3>
+
+<p>A transformer doesn't have to return anything, but may optionally return a Hash,
+which may contain the following items:</p>
+
+<ul class="task-list">
+<li>
+<strong>:node_whitelist</strong> - Array or Set of specific Nokogiri::XML::Node objects
+to add to the document's whitelist, bypassing the current Sanitize config.
+These specific nodes and all their attributes will be whitelisted, but
+their children will not be.</li>
+</ul><p>If a transformer returns anything other than a Hash, the return value will be
+ignored.</p>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-processing" class="anchor" href="#processing"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Processing</h3>
+
+<p>Each transformer has full access to the <code>Nokogiri::XML::Node</code> that's passed into
+it and to the rest of the document via the node's <code>document()</code> method. Any
+changes made to the current node or to the document will be reflected instantly
+in the document and passed on to subsequently called transformers and to
+Sanitize itself. A transformer may even call Sanitize internally to perform
+custom sanitization if needed.</p>
+
+<p>Nodes are passed into transformers in the order in which they're traversed.
+Sanitize performs top-down traversal, meaning that nodes are traversed in the
+same order you'd read them in the HTML, starting at the top node, then its first
+child, and so on.</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sx">%[</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;header&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;span&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;strong&gt;foo&lt;/strong&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;/span&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;p&gt;bar&lt;/p&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx"> &lt;/header&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="sx"> &lt;footer&gt;&lt;/footer&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx">]</span>
+
+<span class="n">transformer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">lambda</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">|</span>
+ <span class="nb">puts</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:node_name</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:node</span><span class="o">].</span><span class="n">element?</span>
+<span class="k">end</span>
+
+<span class="c1"># Prints "header", "span", "strong", "p", "footer".</span>
+<span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:transformers</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">transformer</span><span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<p>Transformers have a tremendous amount of power, including the power to
+completely bypass Sanitize's built-in filtering. Be careful! Your safety is in
+your own hands.</p>
+
+<h3>
+<a name="user-content-example-transformer-to-whitelist-youtube-video-embeds" class="anchor" href="#example-transformer-to-whitelist-youtube-video-embeds"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>Example: Transformer to whitelist YouTube video embeds</h3>
+
+<p>The following example demonstrates how to create a transformer that will safely
+whitelist valid YouTube video embeds without having to blindly allow other kinds
+of embedded content, which would be the case if you tried to do this by just
+whitelisting all <code>&lt;iframe&gt;</code> elements:</p>
+
+<div class="highlight highlight-ruby"><pre><span class="n">youtube_transformer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">lambda</span> <span class="k">do</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="o">|</span>
+ <span class="n">node</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:node</span><span class="o">]</span>
+ <span class="n">node_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:node_name</span><span class="o">]</span>
+
+ <span class="c1"># Don't continue if this node is already whitelisted or is not an element.</span>
+ <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">env</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="ss">:is_whitelisted</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="o">!</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">element?</span>
+
+ <span class="c1"># Don't continue unless the node is an iframe.</span>
+ <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">unless</span> <span class="n">node_name</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'iframe'</span>
+
+ <span class="c1"># Verify that the video URL is actually a valid YouTube video URL.</span>
+ <span class="k">return</span> <span class="k">unless</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="s1">'src'</span><span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">=~</span> <span class="sr">%r|\A(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/|</span>
+
+ <span class="c1"># We're now certain that this is a YouTube embed, but we still need to run</span>
+ <span class="c1"># it through a special Sanitize step to ensure that no unwanted elements or</span>
+ <span class="c1"># attributes that don't belong in a YouTube embed can sneak in.</span>
+ <span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">node!</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="ss">:elements</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="sx">%w[iframe]</span><span class="p">,</span>
+
+ <span class="ss">:attributes</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="s1">'iframe'</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="sx">%w[allowfullscreen frameborder height src width]</span>
+ <span class="p">}</span>
+ <span class="p">})</span>
+
+ <span class="c1"># Now that we're sure that this is a valid YouTube embed and that there are</span>
+ <span class="c1"># no unwanted elements or attributes hidden inside it, we can tell Sanitize</span>
+ <span class="c1"># to whitelist the current node.</span>
+ <span class="p">{</span><span class="ss">:node_whitelist</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="o">[</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">]</span><span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="k">end</span>
+
+<span class="n">html</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sx">%[</span>
+<span class="sx">&lt;iframe width="420" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/dQw4w9WgXcQ"</span>
+<span class="sx"> frameborder="0" allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</span>
+<span class="sx">]</span>
+
+<span class="no">Sanitize</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fragment</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ss">:transformers</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="n">youtube_transformer</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="c1"># =&gt; '&lt;iframe width="420" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/dQw4w9WgXcQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;'</span>
+</pre></div>
+
+<h2>
+<a name="user-content-license" class="anchor" href="#license"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>License</h2>
+
+<p>Copyright (c) 2014 Ryan Grove (<a href="mailto:ryan@wonko.com">ryan@wonko.com</a>)</p>
+
+<p>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the 'Software'), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
+subject to the following conditions:</p>
+
+<p>The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.</p>
+
+<p>THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.</p></article>
+ </div>
diff --git a/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/fragment-small.html b/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/fragment-small.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7898482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/mix/tasks/fast_html/html/fragment-small.html
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<p>Sanitize is a whitelist-based HTML sanitizer. Given a list of acceptable
+elements and attributes, Sanitize will remove all unacceptable HTML from a
+string.</p>
+
+<p>Using a simple configuration syntax, you can tell Sanitize to allow certain
+elements, certain attributes within those elements, and even certain URL
+protocols within attributes that contain URLs. Any HTML elements or attributes
+that you don't explicitly allow will be removed.</p>
+
+<p>Sanitize is based on <a href="https://github.com/google/gumbo-parser">Google's Gumbo HTML5 parser</a>, which parses HTML
+exactly the same way modern browsers do. As long as your whitelist config only
+allows safe markup, even the most malformed or malicious input will be
+transformed into safe output.</p>
diff --git a/mix.exs b/mix.exs
index 9e28b0b..e5d5c93 100644
--- a/mix.exs
+++ b/mix.exs
@@ -1,153 +1,153 @@
defmodule FastHTML.Mixfile do
use Mix.Project
def project do
[
app: :fast_html,
version: "0.2.1",
elixir: "~> 1.5",
deps: deps(),
package: package(),
compilers: [:fast_html_cnode_make] ++ Mix.compilers(),
build_embedded: Mix.env() == :prod,
start_permanent: Mix.env() == :prod,
name: "FastHTML",
description: """
A module to decode HTML into a tree,
porting all properties of the underlying
library myhtml, being fast and correct
in regards to the html spec.
Originally based on Myhtmlex.
""",
docs: docs()
]
end
def package do
[
maintainers: ["Ariadne Conill"],
licenses: ["GNU LGPL"],
links: %{
"GitLab" => "https://git.pleroma.social/pleroma/fast_html",
"Issues" => "https://git.pleroma.social/pleroma/fast_html/issues",
"MyHTML" => "https://github.com/lexborisov/myhtml"
},
files: [
"lib",
"c_src",
"priv/.gitignore",
"test",
"Makefile",
"mix.exs",
"README.md",
"LICENSE"
]
]
end
def application do
[
extra_applications: [:logger],
mod: {Myhtmlex.Safe, []},
# used to detect conflicts with other applications named processes
registered: [Myhtmlex.Safe.Cnode, Myhtmlex.Safe.Supervisor],
env: [
mode: Myhtmlex.Safe
]
]
end
defp deps do
[
# documentation helpers
{:ex_doc, ">= 0.0.0", only: :dev},
# benchmarking helpers
- {:benchfella, "~> 0.3.0", only: :dev},
+ {:benchee, "~> 1.0", only: :dev},
# cnode helpers
{:nodex,
git: "https://git.pleroma.social/pleroma/nodex",
ref: "cb6730f943cfc6aad674c92161be23a8411f15d1"}
]
end
defp docs do
[
main: "FastHTML"
]
end
end
defmodule Mix.Tasks.Compile.FastHtmlCnodeMake do
@artifacts [
"priv/myhtml_worker"
]
def find_make do
_make_cmd =
System.get_env("MAKE") ||
case :os.type() do
{:unix, :freebsd} -> "gmake"
{:unix, :openbsd} -> "gmake"
{:unix, :netbsd} -> "gmake"
{:unix, :dragonfly} -> "gmake"
_ -> "make"
end
end
defp otp_version do
:erlang.system_info(:otp_release)
|> to_string()
|> String.to_integer()
end
defp otp_22_or_newer? do
otp_version() >= 22
end
def run(_) do
make_cmd = find_make()
exit_code =
if match?({:win32, _}, :os.type()) do
IO.warn("Windows is not yet a target.")
1
else
{result, exit_code} =
System.cmd(
make_cmd,
@artifacts,
stderr_to_stdout: true,
env: [
{"MIX_ENV", to_string(Mix.env())},
{"OTP22_DEF", (otp_22_or_newer?() && "YES") || "NO"}
]
)
IO.binwrite(result)
exit_code
end
if exit_code == 0 do
:ok
else
{:error,
[
%Mix.Task.Compiler.Diagnostic{
compiler_name: "FastHTML Cnode",
message: "Make exited with #{exit_code}",
severity: :error,
file: nil,
position: nil
}
]}
end
end
def clean() do
make_cmd = find_make()
{result, _error_code} = System.cmd(make_cmd, ["clean"], stderr_to_stdout: true)
Mix.shell().info(result)
:ok
end
end
diff --git a/mix.lock b/mix.lock
index 4b3e5fd..1686bba 100644
--- a/mix.lock
+++ b/mix.lock
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
%{
- "benchfella": {:hex, :benchfella, "0.3.5", "b2122c234117b3f91ed7b43b6e915e19e1ab216971154acd0a80ce0e9b8c05f5", [:mix], [], "hexpm"},
+ "benchee": {:hex, :benchee, "1.0.1", "66b211f9bfd84bd97e6d1beaddf8fc2312aaabe192f776e8931cb0c16f53a521", [:mix], [{:deep_merge, "~> 1.0", [hex: :deep_merge, repo: "hexpm", optional: false]}], "hexpm"},
"cnodex": {:git, "https://github.com/Overbryd/cnodex.git", "c1c4cde21295db07f87bb74006ab5f7222720db9", []},
+ "deep_merge": {:hex, :deep_merge, "1.0.0", "b4aa1a0d1acac393bdf38b2291af38cb1d4a52806cf7a4906f718e1feb5ee961", [:mix], [], "hexpm"},
"earmark": {:hex, :earmark, "1.2.3", "206eb2e2ac1a794aa5256f3982de7a76bf4579ff91cb28d0e17ea2c9491e46a4", [:mix], [], "hexpm"},
"ex_doc": {:hex, :ex_doc, "0.16.3", "cd2a4cfe5d26e37502d3ec776702c72efa1adfa24ed9ce723bb565f4c30bd31a", [:mix], [{:earmark, "~> 1.1", [hex: :earmark, repo: "hexpm", optional: false]}], "hexpm"},
"myhtml": {:git, "https://github.com/lexborisov/myhtml.git", "fe2cf577570666d058a2b7167c26d3384a758e19", [branch: "master"]},
"nodex": {:git, "https://git.pleroma.social/pleroma/nodex", "cb6730f943cfc6aad674c92161be23a8411f15d1", [ref: "cb6730f943cfc6aad674c92161be23a8411f15d1"]},
}

File Metadata

Mime Type
application/octet-stream
Expires
Thu, Sep 26, 2:27 PM (1 d, 22 h)
Storage Engine
chunks
Storage Format
Chunks
Storage Handle
ENV5f3tctkzN
Default Alt Text
(7 MB)

Event Timeline