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# Open API Spex [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/mbuhot/open_api_spex.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/mbuhot/open_api_spex)
Leverage Open Api Specification 3 (swagger) to document, test, validate and explore your Plug and Phoenix APIs.
- Generate and serve a JSON Open Api Spec document from your code
- Use the spec to cast request params to well defined schema structs
- Validate params against schemas, eliminate bad requests before they hit your controllers
- Validate responses against schemas in tests, ensuring your docs are accurate and reliable
- Explore the API interactively with with [SwaggerUI](https://swagger.io/swagger-ui/)
## Installation
The package can be installed by adding `open_api_spex` to your list of dependencies in `mix.exs`:
```elixir
def deps do
[
- {:open_api_spex, github: "mbuhot/open_api_spex"}
+ {:open_api_spex, "~> 1.0"}
]
end
```
## Generate Spec
Start by adding an `ApiSpec` module to your application.
```elixir
defmodule MyApp.ApiSpec do
alias OpenApiSpex.{OpenApi, Server, Info, Paths}
def spec do
%OpenApi{
servers: [
# Populate the Server info from a phoenix endpoint
Server.from_endpoint(MyAppWeb.Endpoint, otp_app: :my_app)
],
info: %Info{
title: "My App",
version: "1.0"
},
# populate the paths from a phoenix router
paths: Paths.from_router(MyAppWeb.Router)
}
|> OpenApiSpex.resolve_schema_modules() # discover request/response schemas from path specs
end
end
```
For each plug (controller) that will handle api requests, add an `open_api_operation` callback.
It will be passed the plug opts that were declared in the router, this will be the action for a phoenix controller.
```elixir
defmodule MyApp.UserController do
alias OpenApiSpex.Operation
alias MyApp.Schemas.UserResponse
@spec open_api_operation(any) :: Operation.t
def open_api_operation(action), do: apply(__MODULE__, :"#{action}_operation", [])
@spec show_operation() :: Operation.t
def show_operation() do
%Operation{
tags: ["users"],
summary: "Show user",
description: "Show a user by ID",
operationId: "UserController.show",
parameters: [
Operation.parameter(:id, :path, :integer, "User ID", example: 123)
],
responses: %{
200 => Operation.response("User", "application/json", UserResponse)
}
}
end
def show(conn, %{"id" => id}) do
{:ok, user} = MyApp.Users.find_by_id(id)
json(conn, 200, user)
end
end
```
Declare the JSON schemas for request/response bodies in a `Schemas` module:
Each module should export a `schema/0` function, and may optionally declare a struct,
linked to the JSON schema through the `x-struct` extension property.
```elixir
defmodule MyApp.Schemas do
alias OpenApiSpex.Schema
defmodule User do
@behaviour OpenApiSpex.Schema
@derive [Poison.Encoder]
@schema %Schema{
title: "User",
description: "A user of the app",
type: :object,
properties: %{
id: %Schema{type: :integer, description: "User ID"},
name: %Schema{type: :string, description: "User name"},
email: %Schema{type: :string, description: "Email address", format: :email},
inserted_at: %Schema{type: :string, description: "Creation timestamp", format: :datetime},
updated_at: %Schema{type: :string, description: "Update timestamp", format: :datetime}
},
required: [:name, :email],
example: {
"id" => 123,
"name" => "Joe",
"email" => "joe@gmail.com"
}
"x-struct": __MODULE__
}
def schema, do: @schema
defstruct Map.keys(@schema.properties)
end
defmodule UserResponse do
require OpenApiSpex
# OpenApiSpex.schema/1 macro can be optionally used to reduce boilerplate code
OpenApiSpex.schema %{
title: "UserResponse",
description: "Response schema for single user",
type: :object,
properties: %{
data: User
}
}
end
end
```
Now you can create a mix task to write the swagger file to disk:
```elixir
defmodule Mix.Tasks.MyApp.OpenApiSpec do
def run([output_file]) do
json =
MyApp.ApiSpec.spec()
|> Poison.encode!(pretty: true)
:ok = File.write!(output_file, json)
end
end
```
Generate the file with: `mix myapp.openapispec spec.json`
## Serve Spec
To serve the API spec from your application, first add the `OpenApiSpex.Plug.PutApiSpec` plug somewhere in the pipeline.
```elixir
pipeline :api do
plug OpenApiSpex.Plug.PutApiSpec, module: MyApp.ApiSpec
end
```
Now the spec will be available for use in downstream plugs.
The `OpenApiSpex.Plug.RenderSpec` plug will render the spec as JSON:
```elixir
scope "/api" do
pipe_through :api
resources "/users", MyApp.UserController, only: [:create, :index, :show]
get "/openapi", OpenApiSpex.Plug.RenderSpec, []
end
```
## Serve Swagger UI
Once your API spec is available through a route, the `OpenApiSpex.Plug.SwaggerUI` plug can be used to serve a SwaggerUI interface. The `path:` plug option must be supplied to give the path to the API spec.
All javascript and CSS assets are sourced from cdnjs.cloudflare.com, rather than vendoring into this package.
```elixir
scope "/" do
pipe_through :browser # Use the default browser stack
get "/", MyAppWeb.PageController, :index
get "/swaggerui", OpenApiSpex.Plug.SwaggerUI, path: "/api/openapi"
end
scope "/api" do
pipe_through :api
resources "/users", MyAppWeb.UserController, only: [:create, :index, :show]
get "/openapi", OpenApiSpex.Plug.RenderSpec, []
end
```
## Cast Params
Add the `OpenApiSpex.Plug.Cast` plug to a controller to cast the request parameters to elixir types defined by the operation schema.
```elixir
plug OpenApiSpex.Plug.Cast, operation_id: "UserController.show"
```
The `operation_id` can be inferred when used from a Phoenix controller from the contents of `conn.private`.
```elixir
defmodule MyApp.UserController do
use MyAppWeb, :controller
alias OpenApiSpex.Operation
alias MyApp.Schemas.{User, UserRequest, UserResponse}
plug OpenApiSpex.Plug.Cast
def open_api_operation(action) do
apply(__MODULE__, "#{action}_operation", [])
end
def create_operation do
import Operation
%Operation{
tags: ["users"],
summary: "Create user",
description: "Create a user",
operationId: "UserController.create",
parameters: [],
requestBody: request_body("The user attributes", "application/json", UserRequest),
responses: %{
201 => response("User", "application/json", UserResponse)
}
}
end
def create(conn, %UserRequest{user: %User{name: name, email: email, birthday: birthday = %Date{}}}) do
# params are cast to UserRequest struct
end
end
```
## Validate Params
Add both the `OpenApiSpex.Plug.Cast` and `OpenApiSpex.Plug.Validate` plugs to your controller / plug:
```elixir
plug OpenApiSpex.Plug.Cast
plug OpenApiSpex.Plug.Validate
```
Now the client will receive a 422 response whenever the request fails to meet the validation rules from the api spec.
## Validate Examples
As schemas evolve, you may want to confirm that the examples given match the schemas.
Use the `OpenApiSpex.Test.Assertions` module to assert on schema validations.
```elixir
Use ExUnit.Case
import OpenApiSpex.Test.Assertions
test "UsersResponse example matches schema" do
api_spec = MyApp.ApiSpec.spec()
schema = MyApp.Schemas.UsersResponse.schema()
assert_schema(schema.example, "UsersResponse", api_spec)
end
```
## Validate Responses
Api responses can be tested against schemas using `OpenApiSpex.Test.Assertions` also:
```elixir
use MyApp.ConnCase
import OpenApiSpex.Test.Assertions
test "UserController produces a UsersResponse", %{conn: conn} do
api_spec = MyApp.ApiSpec.spec()
json =
conn
|> get(user_path(conn, :index))
|> json_response(200)
assert_schema(json, "UsersResponse", api_spec)
end
```

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